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Unit 11Rules Matter!-同步【语法】-反身代词-复习和训练
同步【语法】复习
一、核心知识点精讲
什么是反身代词？
反身代词是指代句子中主语自身的代词，表示动作反射到主语本身，也叫 “自身代词”。
基本含义：自己、本人
形式：由 形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格 + self/selves 构成（单数 - self，复数 - selves）
人称 主格 形容词性物主代词 反身代词（单数） 反身代词（复数）
第一人称 I / we my / our myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己
第二人称 you / you your / your yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己
第三人称 he/she/it / they his/her/its / their himself/herself/itself 他 / 她 / 它自己 themselves 他们 / 她们 / 它们自己
反身代词的核心用法
（1）作宾语（动作的承受者就是主语自己）
固定搭配高频词：
hurt oneself 受伤
teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
wash oneself 自己洗漱
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
help oneself to… 随便吃 / 用……
例句：
Xiao Fang teaches herself French.
The family are enjoying themselves on the trip.
易错点：
反身代词必须和主语人称、单复数保持一致，不能乱套。
例：She hurt herself.（不能说 hurt her）
（2）作同位语（强调主语 “亲自、自己”）
用法：放在主语或宾语后，起强调作用，可译为 “亲自、本人”
例句：
I made the dinner myself.（= I myself made the dinner.）
You should clean the room yourself.
考点：强调句中，反身代词的位置可前可后，不影响句子主干。
（3）与介词 by 连用（表 “独自、单独”）
固定短语：by oneself = alone 独自地
例句：
I have to make dinner by myself.
The little boy can go to school by himself.
易混辨析：
by oneself 独自（无人陪伴）
enjoy oneself 玩得开心（≠ 独自）
（4）常用固定搭配（中考单选 / 完形高频）
搭配 释义 考点
by oneself 独自 介词 by 不能丢
teach oneself 自学 = learn… by oneself
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 = have a good time
help oneself to… 随便吃 / 用…… 交际用语常考
hurt oneself 受伤 安全 / 规则话题高频
dress oneself 自己穿衣服 生活场景词汇
talk to oneself 自言自语 阅读词汇
二、重难点 & 易混易错点
1. 单复数形式易错
错误形式 正确形式 易错原因
ourself ourselves 复数反身代词必须加 -selves
themself themselves 复数形式拼写错误
hisself himself 第三人称男性用 himself，无 hisself
herselfs herself herself 无复数，复数为 themselves
2. 与物主代词 / 宾格的混用
错误用法 正确用法 辨析说明
I hurt me. I hurt myself. 动作反射到主语自身，用反身代词
She teaches her English. She teaches herself English. 自学用反身代词，her 是宾格 / 形容词性物主代词
Enjoy you! Enjoy yourself! 交际用语必须用反身代词 yourself
3. by oneself 与 alone /lonely 辨析
短语 含义 区别
by oneself 独自（无人陪伴，中性） 只表 “独自一人”，不涉及心情
alone 独自的 / 地（中性） 可作形容词 / 副词，和 by oneself 同义
lonely 孤独的（带感彩，贬义） 指内心感到孤单，≠ 物理上的独自
例句：
He lives by himself, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
4. 语法填空易错点
主语是第三人称单数时，反身代词必须对应：
he → himself；she → herself；it → itself
主语是复数时，反身代词必须用复数形式：
we → ourselves；they → themselves；you（复数）→ yourselves
三、中考真题考点链接（
反身代词是初中英语历年中考必考基础考点，题型稳定、难度偏低，主要集中在语法填空、单项选择、情景交际、完形填空四大题型，也是七年级夯实基础、对接中考的核心内容。
语法填空（全国中考必考题型，分值 1 分）
命题规律：给出人称代词原形，结合语境变换为对应反身代词，重点考查人称一致、单复数一致。
2024 河南中考
原题：My little sister is old enough to dress ______ (she) now.
答案：herself
真题解读：
dress oneself 为固定搭配，意为 “自己穿衣服”；主语指代女生，故用女性单数反身代词 herself。
易错警示：切勿直接填写宾格 her，dress her 意为 “给她穿衣服”，语义不符。
单项选择（各省市中考高频题型）
命题规律：侧重辨析人称匹配、固定短语、易混代词，选项设置以主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词混合干扰为主。
2024 江苏中考
原题：—Who cleaned the classroom yesterday
—Li Ming did it all by ______.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
答案：D
真题解读：
by oneself 是中考核心短语，含义 “独自；靠自己”，为固定用法，只能搭配反身代词，其余人称代词均不可搭配 by 使用。
情景交际（口语运用必考）
命题规律：日常交际固定句式，多用于聚会、宴请、出行场景，七年级日常对话常考，中考口语与单选均会涉及。
2023 四川中考
原题：—I will go to have a picnic this weekend.
—______
A. Enjoy yourself B. Help yourself C. Good luck
答案：A
真题解读：
Enjoy yourself 专门用于祝福他人出行、游玩愉快；Help yourself 仅用于餐桌招待客人，二者为中考最易混淆交际句型，必须区分记忆。
完形填空（语境综合考查）
命题规律：结合生活短文，融合alone/lonely 词义辨析 + 反身代词双重考点，是中考拉分小考点。
2024 浙江中考完形节选
原文：He lived ______ and learned to take care of ______.
A. alone; himself B. lonely; him
答案：A
真题解读：
alone 侧重 “独自一人（客观状态）”，lonely 侧重 “内心孤独（主观情绪）”；
take care of 后接反身代词，表照顾自己，为中考完形固定搭配。
同步【语法】练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
The old man can look after ________ (he) very well.
We enjoyed ________ (we) at the sports meeting last week.
Help ________ (you) to some oranges, Lucy.
The little girl taught ________ (she) to draw at home.
Don’t play with fire, or you will hurt ________ (you).
They finished the model plane by ________ (they).
You should do your homework by ________ (you), boys.
My sister can dress ________ (she) every morning.
The students enjoyed ________ (they) on the school trip.
I can do the work by ________ (I).
二、单项选择
(2024 江苏中考) —Who helped you clean the classroom
—Nobody. I did it all by ______.
A. me B. myself C. I D. my
(2023 山东中考) The little boy is too young to look after ______.
A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves
(2024 河南中考) My brother is old enough to dress ______ now.
A. he B. him C. himself D. his
(2023 北京中考) The children enjoyed ______ in the zoo yesterday.
A. them B. themselves C. their D. theirs
(2023 四川中考) —I’m going to the party tonight.
—______!
A. Enjoy yourself B. Help yourself C. Be careful D. Good idea
She taught ______ English when she was young.
A. her B. she C. herself D. hers
Don’t play with knives. You may hurt ______.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
They built the small house by ______.
A. them B. their C. themselves D. theirs
Help ______ to some cakes, Lily and Lucy.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
He stayed at home ______ and didn’t feel lonely.
A. by him B. by himself C. in himself D. for him
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
I am Li Ming. Last Sunday, I went to the park with my friends. We enjoyed 1. ________ (we) very much. I can swim by 2. ________ (I) now. My friend Lucy is good at drawing. She taught 3. ________ (she) to draw pictures. Look! Tom is flying a kite by 4. ________ (he). We all played happily. But we told him not to hurt 5. ________ (he). At noon, we were hungry. We took out some food. “Help 6. ________ (you) to some bread,” I said to my friends. After lunch, we cleaned the park by 7. ________ (we). We were tired but happy. We learned that we can do many things by 8. ________ (our). We had a wonderful day and I will remember it by 9. ________ (I). We really enjoyed 10. ________ (our) that day.
四、句型转换/改错
She can learn English by herself.（同义句）
She can ________ ________ English.
They had a good time in the park.（同义句）
They ________ ________ in the park.
I can finish it by me.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
Help you to some fish, kids.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
He hurt him yesterday.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
We teach our English every day.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
They enjoyed them at the party.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
She can look after her.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
You must do it you.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
The cat washed it.（改错）
________ 改为 ________
五、情景交际
—I will go to the mountains this weekend.
—________________________!（祝你玩得开心）
—Help yourself to some chicken.
—________________________.（谢谢）
—Did you enjoy yourselves yesterday
—Yes, ________________________.（我们玩得很开心）
—Don’t hurt yourselves when you play basketball.
—________________________.（好的，我们会小心）
—I’m going to have a picnic with my friends.
—________________________!（玩得愉快）
参考答案
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
himself
ourselves
yourself
herself
yourself
themselves
yourselves
herself
themselves
myself
二、单项选择
B
B
C
B
A
C
C
C
D
B
解析：固定短语 by oneself 表示 “独自、一个人”，主语 he 对应 by himself。
三、语法填空
ourselves
myself
herself
himself
himself
yourselves
ourselves
myself
解析：固定搭配 by oneself 独自；主语是 I，对应 myself。
ourselves
四、句型转换/改错
teach herself
解析：learn
enjoyed themselves
解析：have a good time
me 改为 myself
解析：by oneself 独自
you 改为 yourselves
解析：Help oneself to…
him 改为 himself
解析：hurt oneself
our 改为 ourselves
解析：teach oneself
them 改为 themselves
解析：enjoy oneself her 改为 herself
解析：look after oneself
you 改为 yourself
解析：do sth. (by) oneself
it 改为 itself
解析：wash itself 自己清洗，it 对应的反身代词是 itself。
五、情景交际
Enjoy yourself / Have a good time
Thank you / Thanks
we enjoyed ourselves
OK, we will be careful
Enjoy yourselves / Have a good time
解析：和朋友去野餐，祝福 “玩得愉快”，用复数更合适。

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