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(共47张PPT)
Lesson 3 Secondary disasters
冀教版八年级下册
Grammar
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
学习目标
03
02
01
掌握本课核心词汇，课文事件链及复合词/派生词的构词规则，理解次生灾害的定义与灾害。
学习理解
能运用所学词汇与句型描述原生灾害，次生灾害的连锁反应，完成构词法与课文相关练习。
应用实践
迁移创新
能结合生活案例分析其他次生灾害场景，设计简单的防灾提示，增强防灾意识。
Contents
Leading in
01
Presentation
02
Practice
03
Production
04
Exercises
05
Language points
06
Summary
07
08
Contents
Homework
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
PART ONE
Leading in
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
What’s a secondary disaster Give an example.
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
secondary / sek ndri/ adj. 次生的
landslide / l ndsla d/ n. 滑坡，崩塌
destruction /d str k n/ n. 破坏；毁灭
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸
coastal / k stl/ adj. 沿海的
damage / d m d / v. & n. 损害；毁坏
nuclear / nju kli (r)/ adj. 原子能的；核能的
explosion / k spl n/ n. 爆炸
radioactivity / re di k t v ti/ n. 放射线；放射性
highlight / ha la t/ v. 突出；强调 / n. 最精彩的部分
chain /t e n/ n. 一连串（人或事）；链子
New words
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Presentation
Part Two
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Read the passage quickly. Then divide the passage into 3 parts and match the main idea with each part.
Para. 1
Paras. 2-3
Para. 4
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.
How many secondary disasters are mentioned in this passage What are they
What disaster happened in Japan in 2011
What happened to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
What should people do to reduce disasters
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
How many secondary disasters are mentioned in this passage What are they
What disaster happened in Japan in 2011
What happened to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
What should people do to reduce disasters
Five. They are landslides, fires, floods, tsunami and explosions (at the nuclear power plant).
A big earthquake happened in Japan on March 11, 2011.
It was damaged by tsunami waves, and explosions occurred there. Lots of radioactivity was released.
People should take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters.
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Read the passage again and put the sentences in order .
C
D
B
A
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Practice
Part There
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Find out compound words and derivatives in the passage.
Look at these words, can you find the regularity of them
landslide earthquake highlight homework housework hometown
All of them are from two words. Two words are combined to one word, and the new word has the new meaning. So we call the new word compound word.
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
构词法总览
什么是构词法（Word Formation）？
——英语中通过一定规则，由现有单词创造新词的方法
核心作用：帮助我们快速记忆单词、理解生词含义
本单元重点：两大类型
1. 合成词（Compound Words）——“组合”造词
2. 派生词（Derived Words）——“词缀”造词
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
合成词（一）定义与核心特点
合成词：由两个或多个独立单词直接组合而成
核心特点：
1. 构成简单：无需改变原单词拼写
2. 含义明确：结合组成单词的含义，形成新含义
3. 书写形式：可连写（toothbrush）、分写（post office）
注意：组合后词性通常与最后一个单词一致
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
合成词（二）构成方式——名词+名词
最常见的合成词构成方式：两个名词直接组合
含义：通常表示“前一个名词修饰后一个名词”
示例：
1. land（土地）+ slide（滑动）= landslide（山体滑坡）
2. earth（地球）+ quake（震动）= earthquake（地震）
3. book（书）+ shelf（架子）= bookshelf（书架）
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
合成词（三）构成方式——动词+名词
构成：动词（或动词原形）+ 名词
含义：通常表示“用来做某动作的工具或物品”
示例：1. tooth（牙齿）+ brush（刷）= toothbrush（牙刷）
2. hair（头发）+ cut（剪）= haircut（理发）
3. note（笔记）+ book（本子）= notebook（笔记本）
小技巧：看后一个名词，判断物品用途
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
合成词（四）构成方式——形容词+名词
构成：形容词 + 名词
含义：用形容词修饰名词，形成新的事物名称
示例：1. green（绿色的）+ house（房子）= greenhouse（温室）
2. black（黑色的）+ board（板子）= blackboard（黑板）
3. white（白色的）+ snow（雪）= whitesnow（白雪）
拓展：fast（快的）+ food（食物）= fast food（快餐）
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
合成词（五）其他常见构成方式
除了以上三种，还有两种常用类型：
1. 副词 + 动词：up（向上）+ set（放置）= upset（使难过）
2. 名词 + 动词：sun（太阳）+ rise（升起）= sunrise（日出）
补充说明：
部分合成词可拆分理解，如sunrise=太阳升起=日出
有些合成词含义需记忆，如upset（并非“向上放”）
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（一）定义与核心特点
派生词：由“词根 + 词缀”构成的新词
核心特点：
1. 词根：单词的核心部分，决定基本含义
2. 词缀：加在词根前（前缀）或后（后缀）
3. 变化：前缀多改词义，后缀多改词性
举例：happy（词根）+ un-（前缀）= unhappy
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（二）前缀——改变词义（un-）
最常用前缀之一：un-
含义：表示“不、相反”，改变原词的词义（词性不变）
示例：1. happy（开心的）+ un- = unhappy（不开心的）
2. safe（安全的）+ un- = unsafe（不安全的）
3. usual（通常的）+ un- = unusual（不寻常的）
注意：un-多加在形容词、副词前
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（三）前缀——改变词义（re-）
常用前缀：re-
含义：表示“重新、再一次”，改变原词词义（词性不变）
示例：1. build（建造）+ re- = rebuild（重建）
2. write（写）+ re- = rewrite（重写）
3. start（开始）+ re- = restart（重新开始）
拓展：re-多加在动词前，表动作重复
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（四）后缀——改变词性（-ful/-less）
后缀特点：不改变词义，只改变单词词性（多构成形容词）
1. 后缀 -ful：表示“充满……的”，名词→形容词
harm（伤害，名词）+ -ful = harmful（有害的）
care（关心，名词）+ -ful = careful（仔细的）
2. 后缀 -less：表示“没有……的”，名词→形容词
harm（伤害）+ -less = harmless（无害的）
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（五）后缀——改变词性（-y）
后缀 -y：主要将名词转化为形容词
含义：表示“充满……的、具有……性质的”
示例：1. luck（运气，名词）+ -y = lucky（幸运的）
2. cloud（云，名词）+ -y = cloudy（多云的）
3. sun（太阳，名词）+ -y = sunny（晴朗的）
注意：部分单词加-y时，需略作拼写调整
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（六）后缀——改变词性（-ary/-ive）
两种常见后缀，均能将名词/动词转化为形容词
1. 后缀 -ary：表示“与……相关的、具有……性质的”
second（第二，名词）+ -ary = secondary（次生的）
2. 后缀 -ive：表示“具有……能力的、倾向于……的”
create（创造，动词）+ -ive = creative（有创造力的）
拓展：active（积极的）= act（行动）+ -ive
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词（七）后缀——改变词性（-ion）
后缀 -ion：主要将动词转化为名词
含义：表示“动作、过程或结果”
示例：1. create（创造，动词）+ -ion = creation（创造，名词）
2. act（行动，动词）+ -ion = action（行动，名词）
3. collect（收集，动词）+ -ion = collection（收集）
注意：部分动词加-ion时，需调整拼写（如create→creation）
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
派生词小练习（基础题）
根据词根和词缀，写出对应的派生词
1. care + -ful → ___________（仔细的）
2. un- + usual → ___________（不寻常的）
3. create + -ion → ___________（创造，名词）
4. cloud + -y → ___________（多云的）
5. re- + write → ___________（重写）
careful
unusual
creation
cloudy
rewrite
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Summary
Part Five
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
易错点总结（一）
合成词易错点：
1. 混淆书写形式：如toothbrush（连写），post office（分写）
2. 误解含义：并非所有合成词都能拆分理解（如upset）
派生词易错点：
1. 混淆前缀含义：un-（不）和re-（重新）不可混用
2. 后缀拼写错误：如create→creation（不是createion）
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
易错点总结（二）
1. 区分 -ful 和 -less：前者“充满”，后者“没有”（harmful/harmless）
2. 合成词词性判断：看最后一个单词（toothbrush是名词）
3. 派生词词性变化：后缀-ary/-ive/-y多构成形容词
4. 前缀不改变词性：un-happy（形容词→形容词）
小技巧：多积累常见词缀，反复练习区分
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
单元知识总结（一）核心框架
一、合成词
1. 定义：多个单词直接组合，形成新词
2. 常见构成：名+名、动+名、形+名、副+动
3. 特点：无词形变化，含义结合组成单词
二、派生词
1. 定义：词根 + 前缀/后缀，形成新词
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
单元知识总结（二）重点内容
2. 前缀：un-（不）、re-（重新）→ 改变词义
3. 后缀：-ful（充满）、-less（没有）、-y（……的）、
-ary、-ive（形容词）、-ion（名词）→ 改变词性
三、核心能力
1. 能区分合成词与派生词
2. 能运用构词法造词、猜词
3. 能完成各类相关题型练习
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Language points
Part Six
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
1 . secondary /'sek ndri/ adj. 次生的
· Earthquakes can cause secondary disasters like landslides.
地震可能引发滑坡之类的次生灾害。
· The fire started as a secondary effect of the gas explosion.
这场火灾是煤气爆炸的次生影响。
常用搭配：
secondary effects 次生影响
secondary disasters 次生灾害（如地震后的洪水、火灾）
相关词汇：second 第二
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
2. destroy /d 'str / v. 破坏；消灭
· The flood destroyed all the crops in the field.
洪水摧毁了田里所有的庄稼。
· A fire destroyed the old library last night.
昨晚一场大火烧毁了旧图书馆。
destroy 破坏（无法修复）；damage 损坏（可修复）
相关词汇：destruction n. 破坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
3. less than 少于
· The project will take less than a week to finish.
完成这个项目只需不到一周的时间。
· There are less than 20 students in the classroom.
教室里的学生少于 20 人。
less than 意为“少于”，后接具体数字、时间、数量等，强调“未达到某一数量”，其反义短语为more than, 意思是“超过”，相当于over。
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
4. deal with 处理
· The teacher helped me deal with the difficult math problem.
老师帮我解决了这道数学难题。
· How should I deal with these vegetables =What should I do with these vegetables 我应该怎么处理这些蔬菜？
deal with“处理；处置”，deal with + 名词（问题、困难、人等），常与疑问副词how 连用。do with 意为“处理；处置”，常与疑问代词what 连用。
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
5. It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters.
长难句分析：这是一个主系表结构的简单句。It是形式主语；is是系动词；everyone’s responsibility是表语。to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters动词不定式短语是真正的主语，to reduce disasters or secondary disasters 是另一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语。
take action 采取行动；采取措施
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Exercise
Part Seven
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Read the sentences in Part 4 and fill in the blanks.
lucky
luckily
creativity
creation
firefighter
landslide
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
句型转换
1. The water is not harmful.（改为同义句）
The water is _________.
2. He is not happy today.（改为同义句）
He is _________ today.
3. They built the bridge again.（改为同义句）
They _________ the bridge.
harmless
unhappy
rebuilt
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
用所给单词适当形式填空
1. It’s ___________ (danger) to play near the river.
2. Her ___________ (create) works won first prize.
3. My mother bought a new ___________ (toothbrush) for me.
4. He is ___________ (lucky) today—he lost his wallet.
5. They plan to ___________ (build) the old house.
dangerous
creative
toothbrush
unlucky
rebuild
- What happened to the earth
- ① The earth suffered from ______,
- ② Nüwa ______ the hole of the sky, with ______.
Homework
Part Eight
基础作业
1. 朗读并复述课文中的2011日本地震次生灾害的时间顺序
2.完成练习册中本课的词汇与阅读题。
拓展作业
编写一段3-5句的英文对话，模拟向同学介绍“什么是次生灾害”并举例说明
实践作业
查找一个其他次生灾害案例（如洪水引发的滑坡），用英文整理成3条关键信息，下节课分享。
Natural disasters are harmful to human beings. We should respect and protect nature, and safeguard our own homeland.
Or the nature will punish us !!!
See you next time!

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