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选择性必修 第一册
Unit 1　Our living planet
第1课时　知识清单
一、 词汇清单
写作词汇1(注意拼写，重点关注一词多义以及派生词、同根词等拓展词汇)
单词 词性与词义 拓展词汇
1. ___________ n. 组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形 ___________ vt. & vi.(使)出现；(使)形成；组成；组织；建立 n. 种类；外表；表格
2. ___________ vi. & vt. 进化，演化；(使)逐渐形成，逐渐演变 ___________ n. 进化；演变；发展 ___________ adj. 进化的；演变的；逐渐发展的
3. ___________ vt. 俘获，捕获；用武力夺取，攻取；夺得，赢得 n. (被)捕获，(被)俘获 ___________ adj. 被监禁的，被关起来的；受控制的 n. 囚徒；俘虏
4. ___________ n. 生殖，繁殖；复制；(声音的)录制；(尤指艺术品的)复制品 ___________ vt. & vi. 复制；再制造；再现；繁殖；生育
5. ___________ adj. 缺乏的，稀少的 ___________ adv. 勉强；几乎不；(表示接连发生)刚一……就；实在不应该；根本不可能
6. ___________ vt. (用砖石)铺(地) ___________ n. 人行道；路面；石板铺的地面
7. ___________ adj. 引力的，重力引起的 ___________ n. 重力；严重性；严肃 ___________ n. 引力
8. ___________ vi. 茁壮成长，蓬勃发展 ___________ adj. 欣欣向荣的，繁华的，兴旺的
9. ___________ adj. 让人受启发的 ___________ vt. 阐明；开导；启发 ___________ n. 启迪；开导
写作词汇2(注意拼写和熟词生义)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
10. ___________ n. 跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增 vt. & vi. 跳，跳跃；猛冲，突然做(某事)；骤增，猛涨 15. ___________ vt. 将发生在，将降临到(某人头上)；等候，等待
11. ___________ adj. 海的，海产的；海船的，海上贸易的 16. ___________ adv. 仅，只，单独地
12. ___________ n. 滤器，过滤器；滤光器，滤声器；筛选(过滤)程序 vt. 过滤；(用程序)筛选 17. ___________ vi. & vt. (使)快速旋转；(使)急转身；纺(线) n. 高速旋转
13. ___________ n. (不载人)空间探测器；探究；探测仪 18. ___________ vt. & vi. (使)改变，更改；修改(衣服使更合身)
14. ___________ n. 液体，流体 adj. 流畅优美的；易变的，不稳定的；流动的 19. ___________ n. 矿井，矿
阅读词汇(遮盖中文，看看你能否回忆出这些词的意思)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
20. twilight n. 暮色，黄昏；没落时期，衰退期 23. axis n. (pl. axes) 轴(旋转物体假想的中心线)；坐标轴；对称中心线
21. shrimp n. (pl. shrimps or shrimp)虾 24. rotation n. 旋转，转动；(旋转的)一周，一圈；轮换，交替
22. thermal adj. 温暖的，热的；热量的；保暖的，防寒的 25. crack vt. & vi. 砸开，砸碎；破裂，裂开；猛击；(使)发出爆裂声 n. 裂缝；缝隙，窄缝；爆裂声
二、 词块清单(注意积累运用)
英语词块 中文意思 英语词块 中文意思
1. unusual geological ___________ 不寻常的地质构造 11. the Earth's internal ___________ 地球内部结构
2. _________________ ___________________ 在同样程度上 12. ___________ earthquake waves 分析地震波
3. ___________ year 闰年 13. _______________ __________________ 积存；放下，停止使用
4. _________________ ___________________ 仅仅依靠…… 14. _______________ __________________ the geology of the Earth 更好地了解地球的地质
5. ___________ the Earth's planetary motions 基于地球的行星运动 15. ___________ the storage problem of hydrogen 解决氢能的储存问题
6. spin once ___________ its axis 绕轴旋转一次 16. _______________ __________________ the origin of life 揭示生命的起源
7. _________________ ___________________ 直到现在 17. exciting and ___________ discoveries 令人兴奋且有启发性的发现
8. _________________ ___________________ (使)变狭窄；(使)靠拢，靠紧；(尤指临时)关门停业 18. _______________ __________________ 为……铺平道路，创造条件
9. exercise its ___________ 利用引力 19. an ___________ phenomenon 一种光学现象
10. ________________ ___________________ 减少负面影响 20. ___________ towering mountains spectacular gorges 从巍峨的群山到壮观的峡谷
三、 句子清单(回忆课文中的句子，尝试填空)
1. Meanwhile, ____________________________ more than eighty per cent of the world's oceans are unexplored.(it做形式主语，that引导的从句做真正的主语)
【句意】 同时，据估算，世界上80%以上的海洋还未被探索。
2. ________________ much of the marine life we know about, such as dolphins, corals and seaweeds.(地点状语位于句首的完全倒装)
【句意】 这里生活着许多我们所知的海洋生物，如海豚、珊瑚和海藻。
3. Before the discovery of these creatures, ______________________ all life on the Earth obtained its energy from the sun.(it做形式主语，that引导的从句做真正的主语)
【句意】 在发现这些生物之前，人们认为地球上的所有生命都是从太阳那里获得能量的。
4. ___________ so much of the oceans ________________ explore, who knows what wonders still await us in the future？(with的复合结构)
【句意】 海洋还剩下这么多的地方要被探索，谁知道未来还有什么奇迹等着我们呢？
5. ________________ doubt that a day is 24 hours long and that a year consists of 365 days.(否定副词位于句首的部分倒装)
【句意】 我们很少怀疑一天有24小时，一年有365天。
第2课时　核心突破
一、 重点词汇突破
1 probe n. (不载人)空间探测器；探究；探测仪　
【原句】 We send probes into the vastness of space to explore the unknown.(P2)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①a space probe 宇宙探测器，太空探测器
②probe vt. & vi. 盘问；探究；查看
③probe into 探究；详尽调查
【实践】 完成句子
我不想过多打探你的私事。
I don't want to ______________ your personal affairs.
2 formation n. 组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形　
【原句】 So, if we want to find exciting new life forms as well as undiscovered and unusual geological formations, the ocean is where we should also be looking.(P2)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①rock formations 岩层
②form the basis of 成为……的基本部分
【实践】 完成句子
①这支球队比赛通常排出的是4 4 2阵形。
The team usually plays __________________________．
②爱和信任应当成为婚姻的基础。
Love and trust should ________________ a marriage.
3 evolve vi. & vt. 进化，演化；(使)逐渐形成，逐渐演变　
【原句】 Consequently, the fish most likely to be eaten have evolved to have thin bodies so that they are less easily seen from below.(P2)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①evolve sth (from sth) (into sth) (使)逐渐形成，逐步发展，逐渐演变
②Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论
【实践】 完成句子
①这家公司已逐步发展成一家知名的化工厂。
The company ________________ a famous chemical manufacturer.
②这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。
The three species ______________ a single ancestor.
③在进化的过程中， 一些鸟丧失了飞行能力。
_______________________________, some birds have lost the power of flight.
4 vt. 俘获，捕获；用武力夺取，攻取；夺得，赢得
n. (被)捕获，(被)俘获　　　　　　　　　
【原句】 However, once they are captured, the hunters' backward curving teeth prevent them from getting away.(P2)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①capture sb's imagination/attention/interest 引起某人的想象/注意/兴趣
②capture sb's heart 使……爱上(或倾心于)
【实践】 完成句子
①政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。
Government troops __________________________ the rebel leader.
②他们用木偶来启发小观众的想象力。
They use puppets ____________________________ younger audiences.
5 scarce adj. 缺乏的，稀少的　
【原句】 Also, some fish have both male and female organs to increase the chances of reproduction, as fish are so scarce at these depths that it can be difficult for them to find a mate.(P3)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①make oneself scarce 躲开；回避；溜走
②scarcely＝rarely＝barely adv. 几乎不，几乎没有
③scarcely … when …＝hardly … when …＝no sooner … than … (表示接连发生)刚一……就……
【实践】 完成句子
①他刚放下电话，门铃就响了起来。
He ____________________________________ the doorbell rang.
②比赛才开始就下起雨来了。
Scarcely ________________________ it began to rain.
6 n. 跳跃，跳高；骤变，激增　　　　　 　
vt. & vi. (leapt, leapt) 跳，跳跃；猛冲，
突然做(某事)；骤增，猛涨　　　　　 　
【原句】 Seldom do we doubt that a day is 24 hours long and that a year consists of 365 days (well, a little more actually, which is why we have leap years).(P6)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①look before you leap 三思而后行
②leap/jump/swing into action 立即采取行动
【实践】 完成句子
利润骤增至 3.76 亿英镑。
Profits ________________ ￡376 million.
7 vt. & vi. 砸开，砸碎；破裂，裂开；猛击；
　 (使)发出爆裂声
　 n. 裂缝；缝隙，窄缝；爆裂声
【原句】 Unfortunately, we cannot crack the Earth open like an egg, so much of what scientists know about the Earth's internal structure is based on analysing earthquake waves.(P11)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①crack down (on sb/sth) 竭力取缔；严厉打击
②crack on (with sth) 努力干；快速继续下去
③crack up 垮掉，崩溃；使大笑起来
【实践】 完成句子
①中国将严厉打击诱拐儿童的行为。
China will severely ____________ on child abduction.
②这盘子上有条裂纹。
The plate ______________________________ it.
8 thrive vi. 茁壮成长，蓬勃发展　
【原句】 Therefore, if life on the Earth can survive deep underground without sunlight, could life also be thriving beneath the surface of Mars？(P11)
【拓展】 试一试用下面短语造句
thrive on sth 喜欢；从容应对
【实践】 完成句子
①他以苦干为乐事。
He ____________________________________．
②极少数植物或动物能在沙漠中茁壮成长。
__________________________________ in the desert.
9 enlightening adj. 让人受启发的　
【原句】 Surely, a study of the inside of our planet would lead to exciting and enlightening discoveries, and benefit all who walk upon it.(P11)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①enlighten sb on/about sth 向某人阐明/解释某事
②the Enlightenment (18世纪欧洲的)启蒙运动
【实践】 完成句子
①请给我解释一下你将来的计划好吗？
Would you ______________________ for the future
②我从他那里获得许多启迪。
I __________________________________ from him.
二、 重点短语突破
1 in equal measure 在同样程度上　
【原句】 Evolution, it seems, helps both the hunter and the hunted in equal measure！(P2)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①made to measure 量身订制的
②take measures 采取措施
③for good measure 作为额外增添；外加的项目
④in full measure 最大程度地；最大限度地
【实践】 语法填空
①The house is more than twenty metres long and ___________(measure) six metres in width.
②The government warned that police would take tougher ___________(measure) to contain the trouble.
2 lay down 积存；放下，停止使用　
【原句】 Similarly, tidal records laid down in ancient river mouths also reveal different lengths of days and years in the past.(P6)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①lay aside 把……放在一边；留存备用
②lay in 储备；贮存
③lay off (因工作不多而)解雇；停止，别再打扰
④lay on 精心安排，提供(食物、娱乐、服务等)
⑤lay out 铺开，摊开；布置；策划；花钱
【实践】 用以上短语的适当形式填空
①A bus has ___________ to take guests to the airport.
②The gardens ___________ with lawns and flower beds in those years.
③You must ___________ ground rules so that you can complete a job.
④100，000 federal workers will ___________ to reduce the deficit.
⑤It's bank holiday on Monday. We'd better ___________ a supply of food.
3 as yet 直到现在　
【原句】 To find out more about the Earth's make up, scientists have drilled very deep holes but none have reached the mantle as yet.(P11)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①so far 到目前为止
②up till now 到目前为止
③up to now 到目前为止
【实践】 完成句子
①然而截止到目前，这个系统的功效还是很好的。
Yet this system _____________________ up till now.
②到目前为止，我找工作一直不走运。
So far I _________________________ with finding a job.
4 (使)变狭窄；(使)靠拢，靠紧；
(尤指临时)关门停业　　 　
【原句】 The intense pressure and heat inside the Earth can close up a deep hole or break a drill.(P11)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①close down 结束播放，停止播音；倒闭
②close in 逼近；(秋季白天)逐渐变短；(夜幕)降临
③close off 隔离；封锁
④close out 清仓；结束；清算(账户)
⑤close over 环绕；遮盖；淹没
【实践】 完成句子
①水没过他的头顶。
The water ________________ his head.
②爆炸发生后，火车站入口随即被封锁了。
The entrance to the train station ________________ following the explosion.
③夜幕降临的时候，他们聚拢在炉火旁。
They huddled around the fire as the night ___________________．
④这一带的所有炼钢厂都在20世纪80年代倒闭了。
All the steelworks around here ___________________ in the 1980s.
三、 重点句式突破
1 So, if we want to find exciting new life forms as well as undiscovered and unusual geological formations, the ocean is where we should also be looking.(P2)
【句式】 where引导名词性从句
【实践】 翻译句子
①你总是说人人应当平等，而这就是我不同意的地方。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②那就是交通事故发生时他所在的地方。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③到目前为止，他们还没决定去哪儿度假。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Sinking below 200 metres, we enter the twilight zone, where there is little sunlight and thus almost no plant life.(P2)
【句式】 where引导定语从句
【实践】 翻译句子
①我们随后移居巴黎，在那里住了六年。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②我买这本书的书店就在前方。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③他陷入了可能会失去对飞机的控制的危险境地。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 However, once they are captured, the hunters' backward curving teeth prevent them from getting away.(P2)
【句式】 once引导状语从句
【实践】 翻译句子
①她正计划孩子一入学就返岗。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②一旦你理解了规则，物理就很容易学习了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③一旦你到了这个地方，你就会知道它有多发达。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 As you can see, the world beneath the surface of the ocean is indeed an amazing place.(P3)
【句式】 as引导定语从句
【实践】 翻译句子
①正如大家所见，他们的选择确实有几个很好的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②正如我所指出的，我们在饮食中包含蔬菜是很重要的。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③据报纸报道，这家银行是本市最大的银行之一。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2　Working the land
第1课时　知识清单
一、 词汇清单
写作词汇1(注意拼写，重点关注一词多义以及派生词、同根词等拓展词汇)
单词 词性与词义 拓展词汇
1. ___________ n. 富饶，丰产 ___________ n. 肥料 ___________ adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 ___________ vt. 施肥于
2. ___________ n. 合作，协作；合作成果 ___________ vi. 合作，协作；通敌，勾结敌人
3. ___________ vt. 使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低；(尤指在计算机屏幕上)使最小化 ___________ adj. 最小的；极小的；极少的 ___________ adj. 最低的；最小的；最低限度的 n. 最小值；最少量；最低限度
4. ___________ vi. & vt. 判断(问题的原因)，诊断(疾病) ___________ n. 诊断；(问题原因的)判断 ___________ adj. 诊断的；判断的
5. ___________ n. 水分，潮气 ___________ adj. 湿润的
6. ___________ vt. 使简化，使简易 ___________ adj. 简单的，易做的；朴素的，简朴的；普通的；迟钝 ___________ adv. 仅仅，只，不过；简直
7. ___________ n. 灌溉 ___________ vt. 灌溉；冲洗(伤口或身体部位)
8. ___________ n. 大量，充裕 ___________ adj. 大量的；充裕的；丰盛的
9. ___________ adj. 埃及的，埃及人的 n. 埃及人 ___________ n. 埃及
10. ___________ n. (人或动植物)成熟，完全长成；(思想行为等)成熟 ___________ vi. (情感和认识)成熟；有判断力 adj. 成熟的；明白事理的；成年的
11. ___________ n. 排除在外，排斥；排除，认为不可能 ___________ vt. 排除；不包括；把……排斥在外 ___________ adj. (个人或集体)专用的，专有的，独有的，独占的；(团体、社团等)排外的
12. ___________ adj. 研成粉末的；干燥成粉的 ___________ n. 粉末；细面；扑面粉；美容粉 vt. 抹粉
13. ___________ n. 耕种，种植；(品质或技巧的)培养 ___________ vt. 逐渐形成；培育；种植
写作词汇2(注意拼写和熟词生义)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
14. ___________ vt. & vi. 有(值得自豪的东西)；自夸，自吹自擂 17. ___________ n. 杀虫剂
15. ___________ n. 产量，产出 vt. 出产(作物)，产生(收益等) vi. 屈服，让步；变形，弯曲 18. ___________ n. 障碍，阻碍；障碍物，绊脚石
16. ___________ vt. & vi. 喷，喷洒；向……扫射(或抛洒) n. 浪花，水花；喷剂；喷雾器 19. ___________ n. 水滴，滴液；滴落，滴水声；(静脉)滴注 vt. & vi. 滴下；滴水
20. ___________ n. 害虫；讨厌的人(或物) 23. ___________ n. 传说，传奇故事；传奇人物
21. ___________ n. 缺点，不利方面 24. ___________ n. (pl. )贵族成员，出身高贵的人
22. ___________ vt. 在(某地)很受欢迎；攻克，征服；(尤指比赛中)击败 25. ___________ adj. 陡的，陡峭的；大起大落的；过高的，不合理的
阅读词汇(遮盖中文，看看你能否回忆出这些词的意思)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
26. plough (AmE plow) vt. & vi. 犁(田)，耕(地) n. 犁 30. porter n. 搬运工，行李员；(医院里护送病人的)护工；门卫，门房
27. algorithm n. 算法，计算程序 31. sip vt. & vi. 小口喝，抿
28. vertical adj. 竖的，垂直的；纵向的 32. monk n. 僧侣，修道士
29. silt n. 泥沙，淤泥 33. humid adj. 温暖潮湿的
二、 词块清单(注意积累运用)
英语词块 中文意思 英语词块 中文意思
1. _____________________ 实时 8. _____________________ 对……有积极影响
2. _____________________ 有效使用 9. _____________________ 为……提供更好的解决方案
3. _____________________ 事物的利与弊 10. this latest wave of ___________ 这波最新的创新浪潮
4. ___________ to mind 突然记起(或想到) 11. ___________ amounts of data 海量数据
5. be ___________ in sweat 浑身是汗，汗流浃背 12. ____________________ 各种各样的……
6. _____________________ 使某事发生(或存在) 13. the most ___________ form 最基本的形式
7. the land 耕种土地 14. ____________________ 某人喜爱的人或事物
三、 句子清单(回忆课文中的句子，尝试填空)
1. When we think of farming, the first image that __________________________ might be of a farmer working in a field under the baking sun.(表达“突然记起或想到”的短语)
【句意】 当我们想到农业时，脑海中浮现的第一个画面可能就是烈日下一个农民在田地里干活。
2. ____________________________， he might be walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to be done.(独立主格结构)
【句意】 他满脸大汗，可能正在田间走动，仔细检查他的作物，然后决定需要做些什么。
3. ___________ the advent of modern technology ___________ has turned farming into a highly precise industry.(强调句型)
【句意】 正是现代技术的出现使农业变成了高度精准的行业。
4. Consequently, soil sampling ____________________ for farmers ___________ create the ideal conditions for their crops to grow and manage their resources effectively at the same time.(it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语)
【句意】 因此，土壤采样使农民可以为他们的作物生长创造理想的条件，同时更有效地管理他们的资源。
5. ________________ in farming machines, AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified crop tracking, harvesting and processing.(状语从句的省略)
【句意】 当人工智能应用于农业机器时，它的确有助于增加作物产量，并使作物跟踪、收获和加工得到简化。
6. Today, the river ______________________ a significant position as agriculture along its banks continues to expand and thrive.(对谓语进行强调)
【句意】 现在，随着河岸农业的不断发展和繁荣，这条河的确保持着重要的地位。
第2课时　核心突破
一、 重点词汇突破
1 (BrE also minimise) vt. 使减少到最低限度；
降低，贬低；(尤指在计算机屏幕上)使最小化
【原句】 As an added bonus, the decline in the amount of unnecessary chemicals minimizes potential threats to the environment.(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①a minimum charge/price 最低收费/价格
②a minimum of 最低，至少
③keep/reduce … to a minimum 将……保持在/减少到最低限度
④at a/the minimum 最起码，至少，最少
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①We should keep the costs of the advertisements ___________ a minimum.
②他总是试图对自己的错误轻描淡写，对别人的错误夸大其词。
He always tried to __________________________,
while exaggerating those of others.
③这个班级最少需要十八名学生才可以继续办下去。
The class needs ____________________ eighteen students to continue.
2 boast vt. & vi. 有(值得自豪的东西)；自夸，自吹自擂　
【原句】 Precision farming boasts a diverse range of application capabilities at different stages of food production …(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①boast of/about 夸耀/吹嘘……
②boast that … 吹嘘说/夸口说……
③boaster n. 自夸的人
④boastful adj. 自吹自擂的；自夸的
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①She is always boasting ___________ her wealth.
②She was boasting ___________ she could speak six languages fluently.
③I tried to emphasize my good points without sounding ___________(boast).
④这家宾馆拥有威尔士最好的风景。
The hotel _________________________ in Wales.
3 diagnose vi. & vt. 判断(问题的原因)，诊断(疾病)　
【原句】 Precision farming boasts a diverse range of application capabilities at different stages of food production—monitoring, diagnosing, identifying and targeting.(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①diagnose … as … 诊断……为……
②diagnose sb with … 诊断某人患有……
③make/give a diagnosis (of) (对……)作出诊断
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①When he was just 21 years old, he was diagnosed ___________ ALS.
②The illness was diagnosed ___________ cancer.
③The doctor made an accurate ___________(diagnose) of his illness after a series of tests.
④老师判断出这个男孩有阅读障碍。
The teacher ________________________________．
4 n. 产量，产出
vt. 出产(作物)，产生(收益等)
vi. 屈服，让步；变形，弯曲
【原句】 When used in farming machines, AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified crop tracking, harvesting and processing.(P17)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①yield to 向……屈服/投降；被……替代，为……所取代
②yield up 放弃；泄露，揭示；交出
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①The hijackers refused to yield ___________ demands to release the passengers.
②The enemies refused to yield ___________ their guns.
③宇宙慢慢地展现出它的秘密。
The universe is slowly __________________________．
5 abundance n. 大量，充裕　
【原句】 Without doubt, the Yellow River will continue to bring such agricultural abundance to China that life without its priceless gifts would be unimaginable.(P20)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①in abundance 丰盛；充裕
②be abundant in
＝be rich in 在……方面丰富；盛产……
【实践】 完成句子
①中国是一个矿产丰富的国家。
China is a wonderful land ________________________．
②该岛盛产水果和蔬菜。
Fruit and vegetables grew ________________________ on the island.
6 vt. 在(某地)很受欢迎；攻克，征服；
　 (尤指比赛中)击败
【原句】And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “cup of tea”？(P25)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①conquer one's heart(s) 博得某人的欢心
②conquest n. 征服，占领；占领(或征服)的地区
③the Norman Conquest 诺曼征服
④make a conquest of 征服……；赢得……的感情
⑤conqueror n. 征服者；占领者；胜利者
【实践】 完成句子
①克服恐惧的唯一方法是正视恐惧。
The only way to ________________________________ is to face it.
②她赢得了当地人民的喜爱。
She _____________________________ the local people.
7 legend n. 传说，传奇故事；传奇人物　
【原句】 Legend has it that about 5，000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water.(P25)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/句式造句
①Legend has it that … 据传说……
②legendary adj. 非常著名的；享有盛名的；传奇的
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①Can you think of any other ___________(legend) journeys in China or other countries
②传说这个湖是由一位神仙的眼泪积聚而成的。
________________________________ the lake was formed by the tears of a god.
二、 重点词块突破
1 work the land 耕种土地　
【原句】 Working the land(P15)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①work at 致力于，努力做
②work on 努力说服；努力改善(或完成)
③work out 算出，计算出；解决；了解，理解；锻炼，运动
④work/do wonders (for) (为……)创造奇迹/产生良好的效果
⑤out of work 没有工作，失业
⑥get (down) to/set to work 开始/着手工作
【实践】 完成句子
①他是一个知道如何耕种土地的经验丰富的农民。
He is an experienced farmer who knows how to ________________．
②她有工作，而她的朋友已经失业一年了。
She is in work, while her friend has been for a year.
③她新的饮食和锻炼计划对她产生了奇效。
Her new diet and exercise programme ________________________ for her.
2 spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)　
【原句】 When we think of farming, the first image that springs to mind might be of a farmer working in a field under the baking sun.(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①spring into life/action 突然活跃/行动起来
②spring to one's feet 突然站起来
③spring to one's defence/assistance 突然出现来保护/帮助某人
【实践】 完成句子
①的确一时想不出什么理想的人选。
Nobody's name actually ___________________________ as an ideal candidate.
②校长进来时，所有的人都立刻站了起来。
Everyone ________________ when the principal walked in.
③沙琳马上挺身而出为她儿子辩护。
Charlene ___________________________ immediately.
3 give rise to sth 使某事发生(或存在)　
【原句】The collaboration between farming and technology has given rise to precision farming, an approach that equips farmers with the tools and data they need to make reliable decisions with remarkable accuracy.(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①get a rise out of sb 惹恼；故意激怒(某人)
②on the rise (物价)在上升，在上涨
③rise to sth 有能力处理(突发情况、问题等)
④rise above 超越；克服；战胜
⑤rise up against 起义，起来反抗
【实践】 完成句子
①有两个现象——大规模失业和向城市大规模移民——正引起全球关注。
Two phenomena ________________ worldwide concern—mass unemployment and mass migration into cities.
②拿彼得的年龄开玩笑，你准能把他惹恼。
You can always ______________________ Peter by joking about his age.
4 real time 实时　
【原句】 With massive amounts of data on the state of their farmland gathered, processed and analysed in real time, farmers are able to give the best possible care to the crops that most need it at the most appropriate time and put their resources to the best use.(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①in real life 在现实生活中
②in the real world 在现实世界里
【实践】 完成句子
①现在有可能在移动电话上举行实时视频会议。
It is now possible to hold a video conference ___________ on a mobile phone.
②那种事只会发生在电影里，而非现实生活中。
That kind of thing only happens in films, not ________________________．
5 put sth to good use 有效使用　
【原句】 With massive amounts of data on the state of their farmland gathered, processed and analysed in real time, farmers are able to give the best possible care to the crops that most need it at the most appropriate time and put their resources to the best use.(P16)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语/句式造句
①make use of 使用；利用
②come into/go out of use 开始/停止使用
③be of use (to sb) (对某人)有用/有帮助
④It/There is no use (doing sth) (做某事)没有意义/没有用处
⑤use up 用尽；吃光
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①She will be able to put her languages ___________ good use in her new job.
②It is no use ___________(argue) with her—she won't listen.
③新的印刷技术最近已开始投入使用。
New printing techniques ______________________________________ recently.
6 one's cup of tea 某人喜爱的人或事物　
【原句】 And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “cup of tea”？(P25)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①a piece of cake 小菜一碟
②a child's play 易如反掌
③cost/pay an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱
④be all ears 洗耳恭听
⑤a pack of lies 一派胡言
⑥have butterflies in one's stomach 紧张；忐忑不安
⑦as cool as a cucumber 非常冷静
⑧as easy as pie＝as easy as ABC 十分容易，非常容易，易如反掌
⑨play it safe 稳重行事，小心避开危险
⑩safe and sound 安然无恙
the apple of one's eye 掌上明珠
the salt of the earth 高尚的人；社会中坚；非常正派的人
【实践】 完成句子
①他人还不错，但不是我喜欢的类型。
He is nice enough but not really ________________．
②——你昨天的求职面试怎么样？
——哦，那很容易，我立刻回答了所有问题且自信满满。
—How was your job interview yesterday
—Oh, it was ________________. I answered all of the questions immediately with confidence.
③因为投资者们谨慎行事，售出可能会继续占主流。
Selling could continue to dominate as investors ___________________________．
三、 重点句式突破
1 Face covered in sweat, he might be walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to be done.(P16)
【句式】 独立主格结构
【实践】 翻译句子
①她脸色发白地讲述了这次可怕的经历。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②把所有的情况都考虑进去，我们将会更成功。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③手里紧紧攥着塑料球，蒂姆紧张地踱来踱去，纠结地想着给他最好的朋友送什么最好的礼物。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 It is the advent of modern technology that has turned farming into a highly precise industry.(P16)
【句式】 It is/was … that … 强调句型
【实践】 翻译句子
①正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念，最终使一些不寻常的事情发生了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②有时候，正是我们不经意的善举使我们的社会成为一个和谐的世界。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③正是在那个节日里，你们一起分享了很多关于你们国家的有趣的事情，通过这个节日，我了解了很多关于你们国家的食物、文化和历史。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 When used in farming machines, AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified crop tracking, harvesting and processing.(P17)
【句式】 状语从句的省略
【实践】 翻译句子
①当我走过桥时，我发现一个男孩坐在树下。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②他们按照计划在1月20日碰头。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③一旦曝光，胶卷就会被损坏而不能用了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3　On the move
第1课时　知识清单
一、 词汇清单
写作词汇1(注意拼写，重点关注一词多义以及派生词、同根词等拓展词汇)
单词 词性与词义 拓展词汇
1. ___________ adv. 漫不经心地 ___________ adj. 不经意的；马虎的；随便的
2. ___________ n. 巨变，大变革；革命；(环绕中心点的)旋转 ___________ adj. 革命的；彻底变革的，巨变的
3. ___________ n. 拼图；谜，智力游戏；不解之谜，疑问 vt. 迷惑，使困惑 ___________ adj. 困惑的；迷惑不解的 ___________ n. 迷惘，困惑
4. ___________ n. (汽车等的)加速装置，油门；加速器 ___________ vt. & vi. (使)加速，加快 ___________ n. 加速；加快；(车辆)加速能力
5. ___________ n. 知觉，感知；洞察力；看法，见解 ___________ vt. 注意到，意识到；将……视为，认为 ___________ adj. 理解力强的，有洞察力的，思维敏捷的；视觉的；听觉的；感觉的；知觉的 ___________ adj. 可察觉到的；看得出的
6. ___________ adj. 悲惨的；悲剧的 ___________ adv. 悲惨地 ___________ n. 悲惨的事；不幸；灾难；惨案；悲剧；悲剧作品
7. ___________ vt. 使面对；使……无法回避；处理，解决；面对，对抗 ___________ n. 对抗；对峙；冲突
8. ___________ vt. 大量生产，成批制造 ___________ n. 生产者；制造者；生产商
9. ___________ n. 规章制度，规则；管理，控制 ___________ vt. (用规则条例)约束，控制，管理；调节，控制(速度、压力、温度等)
10. ___________ adj. 小心的，谨慎的 ___________ n. 谨慎，小心，慎重；(对危险或风险的)警告，告诫 vt. & vi. 警告；告诫；提醒
11. ___________ vt. 安装，设置 ___________ n. 安装；设置；安装的设备(或机器)；设施；就职；就职仪式
12. ___________ n. 排放物，散发物；(光、热、气等的)发出，排放 ___________ vt. 发出，射出，散发
13. ___________ adj. 令人分心的 ___________ adj. 注意力分散的；思想不集中的 ___________ vt. 转移(注意力)；分散(思想)；使分心 ___________ n. 分散注意力的事；使人分心的事；娱乐，消遣
14. ___________ n. 可能，可能性 ___________ adj. 可能的；预料的；有希望的
15. ___________ n. 严重性；严厉 ___________ adj. 极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的
16. ___________ adv. 迅速地；敏捷地 ___________ adj. 迅速的；敏捷的 ___________ n. 迅速；敏捷
17. ___________ adj. 横的，水平的 ___________ n. 地平线；(知识或兴趣的)范围，眼界
18. ___________ adj. 有远见卓识的 ___________ n. 视力；视野；想象；幻象
19. ___________ n. 毅力，不屈不挠的精神 ___________ vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 ___________ adj. 能坚持的，不懈的
20. ___________ vt. & vi. 重新使用；(使)苏醒，复活 ___________ n. (状况或力量的)进步；复兴；再流行；(戏剧的)重演
写作词汇2(注意拼写和熟词生义)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
21. ___________ vi. 瞥一眼；粗略地看 n. 匆匆一看，一瞥 29. ___________ n. 渡船，轮渡 vt. & vi. 渡运，摆渡
22. ___________ n. 硬件 30. ___________ n. 雷达
23. ___________ n. 刹车，制动器；阻力，障碍 vt. & vi. 用闸减速，刹(车) 31. ___________ adj. 警觉的；意识到(问题或危险) vt. 使警觉；使意识到
24. ___________ n. 行人，步行者 adj. 行人使用的，行人的 32. ___________ vi. 滑行，掠过；滑翔 n. 滑行，滑翔
25. ___________ n. 困境，(进退两难的)窘境 33. ___________ n. 车费，船费
26. ___________ n. 计划蓝图，行动方案；(建筑、机器等的)蓝图 34. ___________ n. 初次登台(或上场)；(演员、运动员的)首次亮相
27. ___________ vi. & vt. (为社交活动)提供饮食，承办餐宴 35. ___________ n. 可怕的经历；噩梦
28. ___________ vt. 提高(设施等)档次，改善；使(机器等)升级；提升 36. ___________ n. 眨眼睛 vt. & vi. 眨眼睛；闪烁
阅读词汇(遮盖中文，看看你能否回忆出这些词的意思)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
37. pop up adj. 有弹出功能的；(书籍等)有立体活动图的 n. (计算机)弹出式选单或窗口 40. hiss n. 嘶嘶声，嘘声 vi. & vt. 发嘶嘶声；发嘘声
38. hotspot n. 热闹的娱乐场所；多事之地；热点(旅馆、机场等安装设备可无线上网的地方) 41. frustration n. 懊恼，沮丧；令人懊恼(或沮丧)的事物；受挫，挫败
39. spacious adj. 宽敞的 42. sector n. 部门，领域；地带
二、 词块清单(注意积累运用)
英语词块 中文意思 英语词块 中文意思
_________________________________________ 与……相似(或紧密相连) 11. do sth with eager ___________ 急切地期望做某事
_________________________________________ 提前 12. in specific ___________ 在特定情况下
_________________________________________ 面对(某事物) 13. ___________ the lives of … 危及……的生命
_________________________________________ 有过错，有责任 _____________________________________________ 尽管面临种种挑战
_________________________________________ 满足需要，适合 15. ___________ to work on time 准时上班
6. in the ___________ of an eye 眨眼的工夫，很快 16. ___________ safe journeys 确保旅程安全
_________________________________________ 使用中，工作中 _____________________________________________ 与……是不可分割的
8. make one's ___________ 首次亮相 _____________________________________________ 实际上
_________________________________________ 为……做好准备 _____________________________________________ 在进行中
10. determine its ___________ 确定它的位置 _____________________________________________ 充当，担任
三、 句子清单(回忆课文中的句子，尝试填空)
1. ________________， self driving cars must “see” and “behave” appropriately to be safe on the road.(表达“简言之”的短语)
【句意】 简言之，要想在路上安全行驶，自动驾驶汽车必须恰当地“看”和“做”。
2. Road traffic in the real world is complicated unfamiliar or unexpected conditions may occur at any time.(结果状语从句)
【句意】 真实世界中的道路交通如此复杂，以至于不熟悉或意外的情况随时可能发生。
3. Accidents like this pose the question ________________ self driving cars can better learn and improve their behaviours on the road to ensure safe journeys.(介词＋宾语从句)
【句意】 此类事故提出了这样一个问题，即自动驾驶汽车如何能够更好地学习并改进它们在路上的行为，以确保安全出行。
4. Besides such ethical concerns, the legal situations the autonomous vehicle industry ________________ be confronted with have fuelled heated debates.(表达“有可能”的短语)
【句意】 除了这些道德方面的担忧，自动驾驶汽车行业有可能面临的法律情况也引发了激烈的讨论。
5. Moreover, the quality and safety of the technology used in self driving cars ________________ challenged.(现在进行时的被动语态)
【句意】 此外，自动驾驶汽车采用的技术的质量和安全性依然受到质疑。
第2课时　核心突破
一、 重点词汇突破
1 vi. 瞥一眼；粗略地看
n. 匆匆一看，一瞥　　
【原句】 Mr Zhang casually glances at the empty driver's seat and says, “Destination Grand Hotel. Family mode. Start.”(P30)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①at first glance 乍一看
②glance at sb/sth 瞥一眼某人/某物
【实践】 完成句子
①在公共汽车上，我总是设法瞥一眼报纸的标题。
On the bus I always manage to ________________ the newspaper headlines.
②他瞥了一眼信封，认出了他叔叔的笔迹。
He ________________________________ and recognized his uncle's handwriting.
2 revolution n. 巨变，大变革；革命；(环绕中心点的)旋转　
【原句】 However, before this evolution in transport becomes a revolution, it must be fully understood how self driving cars work.(P30)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①a revolution in sth 某方面的重大变革
②a socialist revolution 社会主义革命
③start a revolution 发动一场革命
【实践】 完成句子
①飞机的发明使我们的旅行方式发生了巨变。
The invention of aircraft ________________________ in our ways of travelling.
②工业革命首先发生在英国。
__________________________ took place in England first.
3 n. 拼图；谜，智力游戏；不解之谜，疑问
vt. 迷惑，使困惑　　　　　　　　　　
【原句】 Once the data is sent to the AI system, the “brain” of the self driving car, it is analysed and put together like a puzzle so that the car can “see” its surroundings and determine its position.(P30)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①a book of puzzles 智力测验书；谜题书
②the final piece of the puzzle 拼图的最后一块；解决问题的最后一步
③puzzle over/about sth 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨
④puzzle … out 琢磨出……的答案
【实践】 完成句子
①评论家和公众苦思冥想，终于琢磨出了他照片中的层层含义。
Critics and the public ________________ the layers of meaning in his photos.
②他解这道谜题仅仅用了十分钟。
It took him only ten minutes to ____________________．
二、 重点词块突破
1 in line with 与……相似(或紧密相连)　
【原句】 Next, the necessary mechanical controls, such as the accelerator and brakes, are activated by the AI system, allowing the car to move in line with the action plan.(P30)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①in tune with 与……一致
②be consistent with 与……一致
③agree with 与……意见一致；同意
④correspond with 与……一致；与……通信
【实践】 完成句子
①我们发现这个理论与实验结果一致。
This theory is found to be ________________ the experimental results.
②你对事情的陈述与她说的不一致。
Your account of events __________________ hers.
③地球和月亮与太阳处在一条直线上，日食就发生了。
An eclipse happens when the earth and moon __________________________ the sun.
2 in reality 实际上　
【原句】 This may sound perfect in theory, but in reality technological barriers exist in the development of self driving cars.(P30)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①in fact＝as a matter of fact 实际上
②in silence 安静地；沉默地
③in a mess 凌乱地
【实践】 完成句子
①表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她非常紧张。
Outwardly she seemed confident but ______________ she felt extremely nervous.
②他们默默地继续走了一会儿。
They ________________________ for a while.
③房间里脏乱不堪。
The room was _____________________________．
3 be confronted with 面对(某事物)　
【原句】 Besides such ethical concerns, the legal situations the autonomous vehicle industry is likely to be confronted with have fuelled heated debates.(P31)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①be concerned with 关于，与……有关
②be content with 对……感到满足
③be connected with 与……有关联
【实践】 完成句子
①她面临严重的财务问题。
She __________________ severe financial problems.
②当面对许多选择时，人们常常不知所措。
People are often at a loss ________________________ a number of choices.
③当他转身面对它时，那东西已经消失了。
When he __________________________ it, the thing had vanished.
4 at fault 有过错，有责任　
【原句】 Manufacturing and programming standards first have to be agreed upon to make it possible for law courts to decide who is at fault when things go wrong.(P31)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①find fault with 挑……的毛病，找碴，跟……过不去
②to a fault (良好品质)过分，过度
③generous to a fault 过分大方的
【实践】 完成句子
①司机对事故负有责任。
The driver _________________________ the accident.
②他老是挑我的毛病。
He _____________________________________ me.
③别人会告诉你她有趣、聪明又热情，但谦逊得过了头。
Others will tell you that she is fun, clever and warm, yet __________________．
5 be in progress 在进行中　
【原句】 As advances in autonomous vehicle design and technology are in progress, the final agreement on laws and regulations governing this industry remains to be seen.(P31)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①be in good condition 处于良好状态
②be in demand 需求大
【实践】 完成句子
①考试正在进行，请安静。
Please be quiet—_____________________________________．
②我们坐下时，比赛已经在进行中了。
The game ____________________________ when we took our seats.
6 serve as 充当，担任　
【原句】 It not only greatly enhances the national railway's efficiency, but also serves as the engine that keeps the country's economic lifeblood flowing.(P39)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①function as 起……作用；具有……功能
②act as 担任
③work as 当；充当
【实践】 完成句子
①沙发可以当床凑合一两夜。
The sofa will ____________ a bed for a night or two.
②这本词典将成为传播围棋文化的必要工具和桥梁。
The dictionary will ______________________________ and bridge for spreading Weiqi culture.
③我想要成为这次国际网球比赛的志愿者，因为我真的酷爱网球。
I want to ______________ of this international tennis competition because I'm really passionate about tennis.
三、 重点句式突破
1 Road traffic in the real world is so complicated that unfamiliar or unexpected conditions may occur at any time.(P3031)
【句式】 so … that …引导结果状语从句
【实践】 翻译句子
①凯茜是个很可爱的女孩，我们都愿意和她玩。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②父亲工作如此卖命，我们都为他担心。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③几乎没时间了，我们只好加快速度。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Accidents like this pose the question of how self driving cars can better learn and improve their behaviours on the road to ensure safe journeys.(P31)
【句式】 介词＋宾语从句
【实践】 翻译句子
①老板最终决定把这个职位给他认为对汉语十分精通的人。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②他做这件事的方式和我们过去习惯的方式不同。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③他们决定求助于任何能帮助他们摆脱困境的人。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
④对英国人来说，站得太近的人可能会让他们更关注自己离别人有多近，而不是别人在说什么。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Moreover, the quality and safety of the technology used in self driving cars is still being challenged.(P31)
【句式】 现在进行时的被动语态
【实践】 翻译句子
①这些计算机的费用总额正在计算中。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②这个计划进展得不顺利。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③现在那所房子正在装修吗？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
④会议正在哪里举行？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4　Fun with science
第1课时　知识清单
一、 词汇清单
写作词汇1(注意拼写，重点关注一词多义以及派生词、同根词等拓展词汇)
单词 词性与词义 拓展词汇
1. ___________ adj. 稳定的，恒定的；稳步的，匀速的；平稳的，稳固的 ___________ adv. 稳步地，稳定地；沉稳地，镇定地
2. ___________ n. 地平线，海平线；(知识或兴趣的)范围，眼界 ___________ adj. 横的，水平的 n. 水平位置；水平面
3. ___________ adj. 香的，芳香的 ___________ n. 芳香，香气；香水
4. ___________ n. 密度；密集，稠密 ___________ adj. 稠密的；浓密的
5. ___________ n. 肥胖 ___________ adj. 臃肿的；虚胖的
6. ___________ adj. 认知的 ___________ n. 认知；感知；认识
7. ___________ n. 神经；(pl.)神经质，神经紧张；勇气，气魄 ___________ adj. 焦虑的；神经质的 ___________ adv. 神经质地；焦急地
8. ___________ vi. & vt. 相交，交叉；横穿，贯穿 ___________ n. 十字路口；交叉路口；相交
9. ___________ n. 隔离，隔离状态；孤独，孤立状态 ___________ vt. (使)隔离，孤立，脱离 ___________ adj. 偏远的；孤独的；孤立的
10. ___________ vt. (给……)注射(药物等)；(给……)添加，增加 ___________ n. 注射器 ___________ n. 注射；大量资金的投入
11. ___________ vi. & vt. 融化，(使)熔化；(使)软化，变得温柔 ___________ adj. 柔情似水的；令人爱怜的
12. ___________ vt. 积累，积聚 vi. (数量)逐渐增加 ___________ n. 积累
13. ___________ n. 湿度；高温潮湿 ___________ adj. 温暖潮湿的；湿热的
14. ___________ vt. & vi. 忍住，抵挡；抵制，阻挡；反抗，抵抗 ___________ adj. 抵制的；抵抗的 ___________ n. 反对；抵制；抵抗力
15. ___________ vt. & vi. (使)加强，增强 ___________ n. 强化；加剧
16. ___________ n. 钩，挂钩；诱饵，吸引人的事物 ___________ adj. 钩状的；着迷的；上瘾的
17. ___________ n. 立方形的东西；立方体 ___________ adj. 立方的；用立方单位度量(或表示)的
写作词汇2(注意拼写和熟词生义)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
18. ___________ vi. 闪烁；(眼睛因兴奋)发亮 n. 闪耀，闪烁；(眼睛的)闪亮 20. ___________ adj. 相像，十分相似 adv. 十分相像地；两者都，同样地
19. ___________ adj. 裸露的；无遮盖的 21. ___________ n. 极好的例子，精品；奇迹，不平凡的事
阅读词汇(遮盖中文，看看你能否回忆出这些词的意思)
单词 词性与词义 单词 词性与词义
22. pollen n. 花粉 28. malnutrition n. 营养不良
23. microbiome n. 微生物组，微生物群系 29. crystal n. 结晶，晶体；水晶
24. blend n. 混合品，混合物；融合 vt. 使混合 vi. (和某物)融合 30. sequence vt. 测定(整套基因或分子成分的)序列；按顺序排列 n. 一系列，一连串；顺序，次序
25. molecule n. 分子 31. particle n. 颗粒，微粒；粒子
26. transplant n. (器官等的)移植；移植器官 vt. 移植(器官) 32. foothold n. 稳固地位，立足点；立足处
27. vaccine n. 疫苗 33. bionics n. 仿生学
二、 词块清单(注意积累运用)
英语词块 中文意思 英语词块 中文意思
1. the ___________ eye 肉眼 8. live ___________ our body 生活在我们体内外
__________________ ____________________ 适应，与……合得来 9. in big ___________ ways 以意想不到的方式，出乎意料
3. ___________ out 抵消，对消 10. get a ___________ 取得立足之地；立足；下脚
4. be ___________ into 被嵌入 11. be ___________ about 对……感到好奇
5. the way the light ___________ 光线弯曲的方式 _______________________________________ 在……中起关键作用；起着极其重要的作用
______________________________________ 从我们的角度 _______________________________________ 不遗余力
__________________ ____________________ 对……至关重要 14. __________________ _____________________ 反复试验
三、 句子清单(回忆课文中的句子，尝试填空)
1. But ________________________ panic, for most of them are there to keep us healthy.(There be句式)
【句意】 但是没必要恐慌，因为它们大多数都是对我们健康有益的。
2. Going through life, we further _________________________________ foreign microorganisms, which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day.(表达“将自己暴露在……中”的短语)
【句意】 生活中，我们进一步接触外来微生物，导致我们的微生物群系每天都在发生局部变化。
3. Every day, the resident microorganisms in our body compete with the invading ones, preventing them from getting a foothold, ________________ form a strong immune system and keep us healthy.(现在分词做状语)
【句意】 每天，我们体内的常驻微生物会与入侵的微生物竞争，不让它们驻足，从而帮助形成一个强大的免疫系统，使我们保持健康。
4. ___________ their importance, scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health.(表达“考虑到；鉴于”的介词)
【句意】 鉴于它们的重要性，科学家正在努力探究在人类健康领域利用微生物的方法。
5. ________________ Bentley's tireless work, we would not know that every single snowflake is unique.(虚拟条件句)
【句意】 要不是本特利孜孜不倦的工作，我们不会知道每一片雪花都是独一无二的。
第2课时　核心突破
一、 重点词汇突破
1 n. 地平线，海平线；(知识或兴趣的)范围，
　 眼界
【原句】 Between us and the stars closer to the horizon, there is a lot more air, so they appear to twinkle more than those stars higher in the sky.(P43)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①on/below the horizon 在地平线上/下
②on the horizon 很可能即将发生；已露端倪
③broaden one's horizons 开拓某人的眼界
【实践】 完成句子
①太阳落到了地平线下。
The sun sank _____________________________．
②旅游是一种学习，因为它开阔人们的眼界。
Travel is a kind of study because it __________________________．
2 n. 混合品，混合物；融合
vt. 使混合　　　　　 　
vi. (和某物)融合　　 　
【原句】 The make up and state of our special blend of microorganisms affects us physically, including our immune system, weight and sleep patterns.(P44)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①blend in (with sb/sth) (与环境)和谐，协调
②blend into sth 融合到(背景)中
【实践】 完成句子
①这个抢劫者很快混入人群逃跑了。
This robber soon __________________ the crowd and got away.
②他已经下定决心要融入他的周围环境。
He has decided to _______________ his surroundings.
3 vt. (给……)注射(药物等)；(给……)添加，
　 增加
【原句】 A mouse died after it was injected with the microorganisms.(P47)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①inject sb with sth
＝inject sth into sb 给某人注射(液体)
②inject sth (into sth) (给……)添加，增加(某品质)
【实践】 完成句子
①他们正给他注射一种新药。
They ______________ him ____________ a new drug.
②他的发言给整个活动增添了一丝幽默的气氛。
His comments ___________ a note of humour ___________ the whole event.
4 melt vi. & vt. 融化，(使)熔化；(使)软化，变得温柔　
【原句】 After many failed attempts, he attached his camera to a microscope and set up his equipment outside, otherwise the snowflakes would have melted quickly.(P48)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①melt away (使)慢慢消失；(人群)渐渐散去
②melt sth down 将(金属或蜡)熔化
③melt into sth 逐渐融入；渐渐与某物成为一体
④melt into sb's arms/embrace 投入某人怀抱
【实践】 用以上短语的适当形式填空
①When spring arrives, the ice ________________．
②The youths dispersed and ________________ the darkness.
③Closing her eyes, she ___________ her mother's ___________．
5 resist vt. & vi. 忍住，抵挡；抵制，阻挡；反抗，抵抗　
【原句】 Defined as the force that makes it difficult for one object to slide over the surface of another or to move through a liquid or gas, friction has been fascinating scientists for centuries, and it's hard to resist！(P50)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①resist doing sth 抵制做某事
②resistible adj. 可抵制的；可抗拒的
③irresistible adj. 无法抵制的；极诱人的
【实践】 语法填空/完成句子
①The bright colours were ___________(resist) to the baby.
②他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
He couldn't resist ________________ his new car.
③该男子因为试图拒捕在他住宅外被击中。
The man was shot outside his house as he tried to ________________．
6 hook n. 钩，挂钩；诱饵，吸引人的事物　
【原句】 Ice hook(P55)
Then you will find the ice cubes attach themselves to the string as if hooked by it.(P55)
【拓展】 试一试用下列单词/短语造句
①let/get sb off the hook 让/帮某人脱离困境
②leave/take the phone off the hook (因不想接听电话而)摘下电话听筒
③ring off the hook (大量电话打进来时)铃声大作
④by hook or by crook 不择手段地，千方百计地
⑤hook vt. & vi. (使)钩住
⑥be hooked on 对……上瘾的
【实践】 完成句子
①我不愿如此轻易地放过她。
I wasn't prepared to __________________ that easily.
②她们购物成瘾，往往买些自己不需要的东西。
They ________________ shopping and usually buy things that they don't need.
二、 重点词块突破
1 fit in with 适应，与……合得来　
【原句】 Thirdly, further exploration is required to determine how the natural solution will fit in with human needs.(P53)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①be fit for 适合，胜任
②keep fit 保持健康
③fit sb for 使某人胜任/适合
【实践】 用以上短语的适当形式填空
①You can't expect a baby to ________________ your daily routine.
②Jonah was a little worried because he was to do a new job the next day and he wasn't sure whether he would ________________ it.
2 cancel out 抵消，对消　
【原句】 The wings of these butterflies are covered with tiny diamond shaped structures that interact with light, causing some colour wavelengths to be cancelled out while intensifying and reflecting others.(P54)
【拓展】 试一试用下列短语造句
①cancel a credit card 注销信用卡
②cancel the ticket 退票
【实践】 完成句子
①因天气恶劣，所有航班均被取消。
All flights ________________ because of bad weather.
②看来是利弊参半。
The advantages and disadvantages would appear to ________________________．
③最近的亏损与年初的盈利相抵消。
Recent losses have ________________ any profits made at the start of the year.
三、 重点句式突破
1 Going through life, we further expose ourselves to foreign microorganisms, which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day.(P44)
【句式】 分词短语做状语
【实践】 翻译句子
①接触到最新的消息，我们才能更有效地提升自己。
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②大学扩招了，因此让更多的人有接受更高等教育的机会。
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2 But for Bentley's tireless work, we would not know that every single snowflake is unique.(P48)
【句式】 虚拟条件句
【实践】 翻译句子
①如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。(if)
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②如果没有他的帮助，我们是不可能修好这台电脑的。(without)
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③要不是他的耐心指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。(but for)
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④要不是村民及时撤离，洪水会夺走更多人的性命。(but for)
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Unit 1　Our living planet
第1课时　知识清单
一、 1. formation; form　2. evolve; evolution; evolutionary　3. capture; captive　4. reproduction; reproduce　5. scarce; scarcely　6. pave; pavement　
7. gravitational; gravity; gravitation　8. thrive; thriving　9. enlightening; enlighten; enlightenment 10. leap　11. marine　12. filter　13. probe　14. fluid 15. await　16. solely　17. spin　18. alter　19. mine
二、 1. formations　2. in equal measure　3. leap　4. rely solely on …　
5. be based on　6. on　7. as yet　8. close up 9. gravitational force　10. reduce the negative effect 11. structure　12. analyse　13. lay down　14. better understand　
15. solve　16. cast light on　17. enlightening　18. pave the way for …　
19. optical　20. range from; to
三、 1. it is estimated that　2. Here lives　3. it was thought that　4. With; left to　5. Seldom do we
第2课时　核心突破
一、 1. probe too deeply into
2. ①in a 4 4 2 formation　②form the basis of
3. ①has evolved into　②evolved from　③In the course of evolution
4. ①have succeeded in capturing/successfully captured　
②to capture the imagination of
5. ①had scarcely put the phone down when　②had the game started when
6. leapt to
7. ①crack down　②has a crack in
8. ①thrives on hard work　②Few plants or animals can thrive
9. ①enlighten me on/about your plans　②gained a good deal of enlightenment
二、 1. ①measures　②measures
2. ①been laid on　②were laid out　③lay down　④be laid off ⑤lay in
3. ①has worked pretty well　②have had no luck
4. ①closed over　②was closed off　③closed in　④were closed down
三、 1. ①You are always saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. ②That's where he was when the accident happened.　③Up to now, they haven't yet decided where they are going to go on vacation.
2. ①Then we moved to Paris, where we lived for six years.　
②The bookstore where I bought this book is right ahead.
③He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. ①She's planning to return to work once the children start school.　②Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.　③Once you are in this place, you will know how developed it is.
4. ①As we can see, there are indeed some good reasons for their choices.　②As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.　③As is reported in the newspaper, this bank is one of the biggest ones in this city.
Unit 2　Working the land
第1课时　知识清单
一、 1. fertility; fertilizer; fertile; fertilize　2. collaboration; collaborate
3. minimize/minimise; minimal; minimum 4. diagnose; diagnosis; diagnostic　
5. moisture; moist 6. simplify; simple; simply　7. irrigation; irrigate
8. abundance; abundant　9. Egyptian；Egypt　10. maturity; mature　
11. exclusion; exclude; exclusive　12. powdered; powder　
13. cultivation; cultivate
14. boast　15. yield　16. spray　17. pesticide　18. obstacle 19. drip　20. pest　
21. downside　22. conquer　23. legend　24. nobleman; noblemen　25. steep
二、 1. real time　2. put sth to good use　3. the pros and cons
4. spring　5. covered　6. give rise to sth　7. work　8. have a positive impact on　
9. provide better solutions to … 10. innovation　11. massive　
12. a diverse range of … 13. fundamental　14. one's cup of tea
三、 1. springs to mind　2. Face covered in sweat　3. It is; that　
4. makes it possible; to　5. When used　6. does maintain
第2课时　核心突破
一、 1. ①to　②minimize his own faults　③a minimum of
2. ①of/about　②that　③boastful　④boasts the finest view
3. ①with　②as　③diagnosis　④diagnosed the boy's reading disorder
4. ①to　②up　③yielding up its secrets
5. ①abundant in minerals　②in abundance
6. ①conquer a fear　②has conquered the hearts of
7. ①legendary　②Legend has it that
二、 1. ①work the land　②out of work　③has worked/done wonders
2. ①springs to mind　②sprang to their feet　③sprang to her son's defence
3. ①are giving rise to　②get a rise out of
4. ①in real time　②in real life/in the real world
5. ①to　②arguing　③have come into use
6. ①my cup of tea　②a piece of cake　③play it safe
三、 1. ①Her face pale with fear, she recounted the terrifying experience.　②All things considered, we will be much more successful.　③The plastic ball held tightly in the hands, Tim paced up and down nervously, struggling over what best gift he could come up with for his best friend.
2. ①It was his brave heart and strong faith that made something unusual happen finally.　②Sometimes, it is our random acts of kindness that make our society a harmonious world.　③It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country together, through which I learned a lot about your food, culture and history.
3. ①When walking across the bridge, I found a boy sitting under a tree.　②As scheduled they met on January 20.
③Once exposed to light, the film will be damaged and get useless.
Unit 3　On the move
第1课时　知识清单
一、 1. casually; casual　2. revolution; revolutionary
3. puzzle; puzzled; puzzlement　4. accelerator; accelerate; acceleration　
5. perception; perceive; perceptive; perceptible　6. tragic; tragically; tragedy　
7. confront; confrontation 8. manufacture; manufacturer　9. regulation; regulate
10. cautious; caution　11. install; installation　12. emission; emit　
13. distracting; distracted; distract; distraction 14. likelihood; likely　
15. severity; severe　16. swiftly; swift; swiftness　17. horizontal; horizon　
18. visionary; vision　19. perseverance; persevere; perseverant
20. revive; revival
21. glance　22. hardware　23. brake　24. pedestrian
25. dilemma　26. blueprint　27. cater　28. upgrade
29. ferry　30. radar　31. alert　32. glide　33. fare
34. debut　35. nightmare　36. blink
二、 1. in line with　2. ahead of time　3. be confronted with　4. at fault　
5. cater for　6. blink　7. in operation　8. debut
9. be ready for …　10. position　11. anticipation
12. circumstances　13. endanger　14. despite all the challenges
15. make it　16. ensure　17. be inseparable from　18. in reality　
19. be in progress　20. serve as
三、 1. Put simply　2. so; that　3. of how　4. is likely to 5. is still being
第2课时　核心突破
一、 1. ①glance at　②glanced at the envelope
2. ①caused a revolution　②The industrial revolution
3. ①puzzle out　②solve the puzzle
二、 1. ①in line with/in tune with/consistent with　②does not correspond with/isn't consistent with/isn't in line with/isn't in tune with　③are in line with
2. ①in reality/in fact/as a matter of fact　②walked on in silence　③in a terrible mess
3. ①is confronted with　②when confronted with　③turned and confronted
4. ①was at fault for　②is always finding fault with　③modest to a fault
5. ①the examination is in progress　②was already in progress
6. ①serve as　②serve as a necessary tool　③serve as a volunteer
三、 1. ①Kathy is so lovely a girl that we all like to play with her.　②Father worked so hard that we were all worried about him.　③There's so little time left that we have to speed up.
2. ①The employer finally made a decision to give the position to whoever he believed had a good command of Chinese.　②The way he did it was different from what we were used to.
③They decided to turn to whoever can help them out of difficulty.　④For British people, somebody standing too close may make them focus less on what others are saying than on how close he or she is to them.
3. ①The total cost of these computers is being calculated.
②The plan is not being carried out well.　③Is the house being decorated now？　④Where is the meeting being held
Unit 4　Fun with science
第1课时　知识清单
一、 1. steady; steadily　2. horizon; horizontal　3. fragrant; fragrance　
4. density; dense　5. obesity; obese　6. cognitive; cognition　
7. nerve; nervous; nervously　8. intersect; intersection　
9. isolation; isolate; isolated　10. inject; injector; injection　11. melt; melting　
12. accumulate; accumulation 13. humidity; humid　
14. resist; resistant; resistance 15. intensify; intensification　16. hook; hooked
17. cube; cubic
18. twinkle　19. naked　20. alike　21. miracle
二、 1. naked　2. fit in with　3. cancel　4. inset　5. bends　
6. from our perspective　7. be essential for　8. in and on
9. unexpected　10. foothold　11. curious　12. play a vital role in　
13. go to great lengths　14. trial and error
三、 1. there is no need to　2. expose ourselves to　3. thus helping　4. Given　
5. But for
第2课时　核心突破
一、 1. ①below the horizon　②broadens people's horizons
2. ①blended in with　②blend into
3. ①are injecting; with　②injected; into
4. ①melts away　②melted into　③melted into; arms/embrace
5. ①irresistible　②showing off　③resist arrest
6. ①let her off the hook　②are hooked on
二、 1. ①fit in with　②be fit for
2. ①have been cancel(l)ed　②cancel each other out
③cancel(l)ed out
三、 1. ①Exposed to up to date information, we can improve ourselves more efficiently.　②The universities have expanded, thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.
2. ①If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.　②Without his help, we couldn't have repaired this computer.　③But for his patient instruction, I would not have made such great progress.　④But for instant withdrawal of the villagers, the flood would have claimed many more people's lives.

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