通用版小升初英语题型分类讲义—辨音题

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通用版小升初英语题型分类讲义—辨音题

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
英语音标辨音
学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初
知识点 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则; 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音; 学会辨音题解题方法。
教学目标 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同; 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力; 掌握面谈基本仪态。
教学重难点 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。 难点 同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱读现象。
单词辨音解题方法
分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项” 题型)。
例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo” 在 A 中读 [u],在 B、C、D 中读 [u:],故 A 为答案。
对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同” 题型)。
例:判断 “first” 与 “her” 划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。
分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用于多单词辨音练习)。
例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag” 按 “a” 的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ](bag)两类。
解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音” 还是 “重音 / 音节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。
核心发音规则与例词梳理
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
a 开音节:[e ] name, plane, Jane, baby, cake
闭音节:[ ] bag, dad, hat, map, black, back
e 开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinese
闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yes
i 开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kite
闭音节:[ ] fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swim
o 开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, no
闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, sock
u 开音节:[ju:] student, excuse, duty, Tuesday
闭音节:[ ] bus, cup, jump, much, lunch
【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u 在 j、l、r、s 后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。
巩固练习
下列单词中 “a” 读 [ ] 的是 ( C )
A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake
“he” 中 “e” 的读音是 ( B )
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“bike” 中 “i” 读 ( A )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
下列单词中 “o” 读 [ ] 的是 ( C )
A. clock B. not C. those D. box
“bus” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( B )
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
a [ ] China, another, woman, breakfast
[ ] orange, village, cabbage
e [ ] hundred, student, open, weekend
[ ] chicken, pocket, begin
i [ ]/[ ] holiday, beautiful, family, animal
[a ] exercise, satellite
o [ ] second, tonight, somebody, welcome
[ ] also, zero, photo
u [ ] autumn, difficult
[ju:] popular, congratulation, January
【注意】:动词中 a 处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u 在 j、l、r、s 后且处于开音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。
巩固练习
“China” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( C )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“hundred” 中 “e” 读 ( C )
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“holiday” 中 “i” 的读音可能是 ( B )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
“also” 中 “o” 读 ( B )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“popular” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
字母 特殊场景 读音 例词
a 在 [w] 音后 [ ] want, what, watch, wash, quality
在 f、n、sk、ph、sp、ss、st、th 前 [ɑ:] after, plant, graph, ask, grasp, glass, fast, father
i 在 - nd、-ld、-gh 前 [a ] find, child, light, high
o 在 - st、-ld 前 [ ] most, old, cold, postcard
在 m、n、v、th 前 [ ] come, monkey, love, mother
巩固练习
“want” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( C )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
“after” 中 “a” 读 ( D )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
“find” 中 “i” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
“old” 中 “o” 读 ( B )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“come” 中 “o” 的读音是 ( D )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
字组 读音 例词
ar 一般情况 [ɑ:]
在 [w] 后 [ :]
or 一般情况 [ :]
在 [w] 后 [ :]
er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday
【注意】:
辅音字母 r 双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;
-r 音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。
巩固练习
“car” 中 “ar” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“warm” 中 “ar” 读 ( B )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“morning” 中 “or” 的读音是 ( B )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“worker” 中 “or” 读 ( C )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“bird” 中 “ir” 的读音是 ( C )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
are [e ] care, dare, hare
ere [ ] here, mere
ire [a ] fire, hire, wire
ore [ :] more, score, before, shore, bore
ure [ju: ] pure, cure
【注意】:ure 在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r 再加非重读元字组时,按 - re 音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。
巩固练习
“care” 中 “are” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“here” 中 “ere” 读 ( B )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“fire” 中 “ire” 的读音是 ( C )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“more” 中 “ore” 读 ( D )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“pure” 中 “ure” 的读音是 ( D )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]
六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
ai/ay [e ] afraid, rain, wait, day, play
air [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repair
al [ :l] always, also, salt, almost, small, ball, talk, wall, all
[ɑ:] half, calm, palm
au/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, draw
ea [i:] teach, easy, cheap, please
[e] heavy, bread, sweater, weather
[e ] break, great
ear [ ] hear, dear, near, clear, year
[e ] bear, pear, wear
[ :] earth, learn, early
ee [i:] jeep, week, green, three
eer [ ] pioneer, deer, beer
ei/ey [e ] eight, neighbour, they
[i:] either, key
eu/ew [u:] flew, brew
在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju:]
ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receive
oa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goal
oar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, floor
oi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toilet
oo [u:] broom, food, tooth, school
[u] book, look, cook, foot, good
ou/ow [a ] flower, house, count, down
[ ] know, row, throw, though
[ ] young, country, enough
[u:] group, you, soup
our [ :] course, your, four
[a ] our, hour, ours
[ :] journey
ui [u:] juice, fruit, suit
在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju: ]
巩固练习
“rain” 中 “ai” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“hair” 中 “air” 读 ( B )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“always” 中 “al” 的读音是 ( C )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“half” 中 “al” 读 ( D )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“teach” 中 “ea” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ]
七、辅音字组的读音
辅音字组 读音 例词
b [b] bike, bus, bag
不发音 bomb, tomb
c [k] cake, picture, coat, music
在 e、i、y 前 [s]
ch [t ] much, chick, rich, teacher
[k] school, headache, chemistry
[ ] machine
-ck [k] cock, pocket, black, knock
d [d] doctor, bread, hand, day
-dge [d ] bridge, fridge
dr- [dr] children, driver, drink
f [f] five, four, breakfast
-ds [dz] stands, floods, goods
g [g] bag, garden, go
在 e、i、y 前 [d ]
gh [f] cough, enough
不发音 light, daughter, high
gu-/-gue 非重读音节中 [g]
[gw] language, anguish
h [h] hot, head, house, hand
不发音 hour, honest
j [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, July
k [k] kind, bike, skate, make
kn- [n] knife, know, knock
l [l] life, milk, school, tall
m [m] monkey, come, autumn
-mn [m] autumn, column
n [n] not, shine, ten, note
在 [k]/[g] 前 [ ]
-ng [ ] morning, young, wrong
p [p] paper, plane, pig, ship, pen
ph [f] elephant, photo, telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality, quite
r [r] red, rubber, ruler
s 词首 / 清辅音前 [s]
元音间 / 浊辅音前 [z]
sc- [sk] Scarlet, school
[s] muscle, science
sh [ ] she, fish, shirt, wash
t 通常情况 [t]
弱读 ia/ie/io 前 [ ]
tch [t ] watch, kitchen
th 通常情况 [θ]
冠词 / 代词 / 介词 / 连词中 [ ]
词尾 - the/-ther 中 [ ]
tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truck
ts [ts] sports, parts
v [v] very, voice, love, leave
w [w] week, win, wake, sweet, wait
不发音 answer, two
wh- 在 o 前 [w]
[h] who, whose, whole
x 重读元音前 [ks]
[gz] example, exist, exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes, yard, yellow, young
z [z] puzzle, zero, zoo
巩固练习
“bike” 中 “b” 的读音是 ( A )
A. [b] B. 不发音 C. [k] D. [s]
“cake” 中 “c” 读 ( B )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
“face” 中 “c” 的读音是 ( C )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
“much” 中 “ch” 读 ( A )
A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]
“pocket” 中 “ck” 的读音是 ( B )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节
1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 / 多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic 前音节重读)。
2.开音节:
绝对开音节:辅音 + 元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent;
相对开音节:辅音 + 元音 + 辅音(r 除外)+ 不发音 e,如 name, these, bike, home。
3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y 除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg, fish, not, cup。
巩固练习
单音节词 ( B )
无需重读 B. 通常是重读音节
C. 没有读音 D. 读音最微弱
绝对开音节的结构是 ( A )
辅音 + 元音 B. 元音 + 辅音
C. 辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 D. 元音 + 辅音 + 元音
相对开音节中末尾的 e ( B )
A. 发音 B. 不发音 C. 读 [e] D. 读 [ ]
下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( B )
A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no
多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( B )
好看 B. 明确读音最响亮的音节
C. 方便书写 D. 区分词性
九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
ai/ay 、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
ou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit
-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion 在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure [ ] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫ ] picture culture
十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ] 星期天
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ] 碗柜
常用音标单词汇总
[ɑ:] grass ,class ,ask ,after, farm far farther park
[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but
[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk
[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash
[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday
[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror
[ ] cat ,black ,glad
[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help
[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean see three green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we
[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live
[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoon whose
[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book should would
[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third
[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there
[d] dish deal
[t] team tin
[t ] chair , China
[ ] shirt , shoes sure
辨音题汇总练习
一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)
first — her (√,均读 [ :])
fifth — there (×,fifth 中 “th” 读 [θ],there 中 “th” 读 [ ])
today — Saturday (×,today 中 “ay” 读 [e ],Saturday 中 “ay” 读 [ ])
say — says (×,say 中 “ay” 读 [e ],says 中 “ay” 读 [e])
eat — keep (√,均读 [i:])
April — May (√,均读 [e ])
look — cartoon (×,look 中 “oo” 读 [u],cartoon 中 “oo” 读 [u:])
blow — touch (×,blow 中 “ow” 读 [ ],touch 中 “ou” 读 [ ])
二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项
A. must B. public C. question D. cup
(答案:C,A/B/D 中 “u” 读 [ ],C 中 “u” 读 [ ])
A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother
(答案:B,A/C/D 中 “er” 读 [ ],B 中 “er” 读 [ :])
A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday
(答案:D,A/B/C 中 “ay” 读 [e ],D 中 “ay” 读 [ ])
A. great B. bread C. ready D. head
(答案:A,B/C/D 中 “ea” 读 [e],A 中 “ea” 读 [e ])
A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby
(答案:B,A/C/D 中 “ear” 读 [ ],B 中 “ear” 读 [e ])
A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot
(答案:A,B/C/D 中 “oo” 读 [u:],A 中 “oo” 读 [u])
三、根据音标写单词
/'kwest n/ — question
/'helθ / — healthy
/'ri: l / — really
/'h b t/ — habit
/'t k n/ — chicken
/'k r t/ — carrot
/'ved t bl/ — vegetable
/'b :(r)θde / — birthday
/bred/ — bread
/ra t/ — right
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
英语音标辨音
学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初
1. 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则;
知识点 2. 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音;
3. 学会辨音题解题方法。
1. 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同;
教学目标 2. 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力;
3. 掌握面谈基本仪态。
1. 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。
教学重难点 2. 难点
同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱
读现象。
单词辨音解题方法
1. 分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项
(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项”题型)。
例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo”在 A中读 [u],在 B、C、D中读
[u:],故 A为答案。
2. 对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判
断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同”题型)。
例:判断 “first”与 “her”划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。
3. 分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用
于多单词辨音练习)。
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag”按 “a”的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ]
(bag)两类。
解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音”还是 “重音 /音
节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。
核心发音规则与例词梳理
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
name, plane, Jane, baby,
开音节:[e ]
cake
a
bag, dad, hat, map, black,
闭音节:[ ]
back
开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinese
e
闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yes
开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kite
i
fish, big, drink, sit, milk,
闭音节:[ ]
swim
开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, no
o
闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, sock
student, excuse, duty,
u 开音节:[ju:]
Tuesday
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
bus, cup, jump, much,
闭音节:[ ]
lunch
【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u在 j、l、r、s后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。
巩固练习
1. 下列单词中 “a”读 [ ]的是 ( )
A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake
2. “he”中 “e”的读音是 ( )
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
3. “bike”中 “i”读 ( )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
4. 下列单词中 “o”读 [ ]的是 ( )
A. clock B. not C. those D. box
5. “bus”中 “u”的读音是 ( )
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
China, another, woman,
a [ ]
breakfast
[ ] orange, village, cabbage
hundred, student, open,
e [ ]
weekend
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
[ ] chicken, pocket, begin
holiday, beautiful, family,
[ ]/[ ]
animal
i
[a ] exercise, satellite
second, tonight,
[ ]
somebody, welcome
o
[ ] also, zero, photo
[ ] autumn, difficult
u
popular, congratulation,
[ju:]
January
【注意】:动词中 a处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u在 j、l、r、s后且处于开
音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。
巩固练习
1. “China”中 “a”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
2. “hundred”中 “e”读 ( )
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
3. “holiday”中 “i”的读音可能是 ( )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
4. “also”中 “o”读 ( )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
5. “popular”中 “u”的读音是 ( )
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
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三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
字母 特殊场景 读音 例词
want, what, watch,
在 [w]音后 [ ]
wash, quality
a
after, plant, graph,
在 f、n、sk、ph、
[ɑ:] ask, grasp, glass, fast,
sp、ss、st、th前
father
在 - nd、-ld、-gh
i [a ] find, child, light, high

most, old, cold,
在 - st、-ld前 [ ]
postcard
o
come, monkey, love,
在 m、n、v、th前 [ ]
mother
巩固练习
1. “want”中 “a”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
2. “after”中 “a”读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
3. “find”中 “i”的读音是 ( )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
4. “old”中 “o”读 ( )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
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5. “come”中 “o”的读音是 ( )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
字组 读音 例词
一般情况 [ɑ:]
ar
在 [w]后 [ :]
一般情况 [ :]
or
在 [w]后 [ :]
er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday
【注意】:
1. 辅音字母 r双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;
2. -r音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。
巩固练习
1. “car”中 “ar”的读音是 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
2. “warm”中 “ar”读 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
3. “morning”中 “or”的读音是 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
4. “worker”中 “or”读 ( )
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A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
5. “bird”中 “ir”的读音是 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
are [e ] care, dare, hare
ere [ ] here, mere
ire [a ] fire, hire, wire
more, score, before,
ore [ :]
shore, bore
ure [ju: ] pure, cure
【注意】:ure在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r再加非重
读元字组时,按 - re音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。
巩固练习
1. “care”中 “are”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
2. “here”中 “ere”读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
3. “fire”中 “ire”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
4. “more”中 “ore”读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
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5. “pure”中 “ure”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]
六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
afraid, rain, wait, day,
ai/ay [e ]
play
air [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repair
always, also, salt, almost,
[ :l]
small, ball, talk, wall, all
al
[ɑ:] half, calm, palm
au/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, draw
[i:] teach, easy, cheap, please
heavy, bread, sweater,
ea [e]
weather
[e ] break, great
hear, dear, near, clear,
[ ]
year
ear
[e ] bear, pear, wear
[ :] earth, learn, early
ee [i:] jeep, week, green, three
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eer [ ] pioneer, deer, beer
[e ] eight, neighbour, they
ei/ey
[i:] either, key
[u:] flew, brew
eu/ew
在 j、l、r、s后 [ju:]
ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receive
oa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goal
oar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, floor
oi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toilet
broom, food, tooth,
[u:]
school
oo
book, look, cook, foot,
[u]
good
flower, house, count,
[a ]
down
[ ] know, row, throw, though
ou/ow
[ ] young, country, enough
[u:] group, you, soup
our [ :] course, your, four
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[a ] our, hour, ours
[ :] journey
[u:] juice, fruit, suit
ui
在 j、l、r、s后 [ju: ]
巩固练习
1. “rain”中 “ai”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
2. “hair”中 “air”读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
3. “always”中 “al”的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
4. “half”中 “al”读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
5. “teach”中 “ea”的读音是 ( )
A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ]
(七)辅音字组的读音
辅音字组 读音 例词
[b] bike, bus, bag
b
不发音 bomb, tomb
c [k] cake, picture, coat, music
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在 e、i、y前 [s]
[t ] much, chick, rich, teacher
school, headache,
ch [k]
chemistry
[ ] machine
cock, pocket, black,
-ck [k]
knock
d [d] doctor, bread, hand, day
-dge [d ] bridge, fridge
dr- [dr] children, driver, drink
f [f] five, four, breakfast
-ds [dz] stands, floods, goods
[g] bag, garden, go
g
在 e、i、y前 [d ]
[f] cough, enough
gh
不发音 light, daughter, high
非重读音节中 [g]
gu-/-gue
[gw] language, anguish
h [h] hot, head, house, hand
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不发音 hour, honest
j [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, July
k [k] kind, bike, skate, make
kn- [n] knife, know, knock
l [l] life, milk, school, tall
m [m] monkey, come, autumn
-mn [m] autumn, column
[n] not, shine, ten, note
n
在 [k]/[g]前 [ ]
-ng [ ] morning, young, wrong
paper, plane, pig, ship,
p [p]
pen
elephant, photo,
ph [f]
telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality, quite
r [r] red, rubber, ruler
词首 /清辅音前 [s]
s
元音间 /浊辅音前 [z]
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[sk] Scarlet, school
sc-
[s] muscle, science
sh [ ] she, fish, shirt, wash
通常情况 [t]
t
弱读 ia/ie/io前 [ ]
tch [t ] watch, kitchen
通常情况 [θ]
冠词 /代词 /介词 /连词
th [ ]

词尾 - the/-ther中 [ ]
tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truck
ts [ts] sports, parts
v [v] very, voice, love, leave
week, win, wake, sweet,
[w]
wait
w
不发音 answer, two
在 o前 [w]
wh-
[h] who, whose, whole
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重读元音前 [ks]
x
[gz] example, exist, exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes, yard, yellow, young
z [z] puzzle, zero, zoo
巩固练习
1. “bike”中 “b”的读音是 ( )
A. [b] B.不发音 C. [k] D. [s]
2. “cake”中 “c”读 ( )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
3. “face”中 “c”的读音是 ( )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
4. “much”中 “ch”读 ( )
A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]
5. “pocket”中 “ck”的读音是 ( )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节
1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 /多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节
词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic前音节重
读)。
2.开音节:
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绝对开音节:辅音 +元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-
dent;
相对开音节:辅音 +元音 +辅音(r除外)+不发音 e,如 name, these, bike,
home。
3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg,
fish, not, cup。
巩固练习
1. 单音节词 ( )
A.无需重读 B.通常是重读音节
C.没有读音 D.读音最微弱
2. 绝对开音节的结构是 ( )
A.辅音 +元音 B.元音 +辅音
C.辅音 +元音 +辅音 D.元音 +辅音 +元音
3. 相对开音节中末尾的 e ( )
A.发音 B.不发音 C.读 [e] D.读 [ ]
4. 下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( )
A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no
5. 多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( )
A.好看 B.明确读音最响亮的音节
C.方便书写 D.区分词性
九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
ai/ay、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
ou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit
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-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion 在 s后 [t∫n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure [ ] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫ ] picture culture
十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读
规则拼读。
例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的
非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ]星期天
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ]早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ]碗柜
常用音标单词汇总
[ɑ:] grass,class,ask,after, farm far farther park
[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but
[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk
[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash
[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday
[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror
[ ] cat ,black ,glad
[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help
[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean see
three green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we
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[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live
[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoon
whose
[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book should
would
[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third
[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there
[d] dish deal
[t] team tin
[t ] chair , China
[ ] shirt , shoes sure
辨音题汇总练习
一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)
1. first — her ( )
2. fifth — there ( )
3. today — Saturday ( )
4. say — says ( )
5. eat — keep ( )
6. April — May ( )
7. look — cartoon ( )
8. blow — touch ( )
二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项
1. A. must B. public C. question D. cup ( )
2. A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother ( )
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3. A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday ( )
4. A. great B. bread C. ready D. head ( )
5. A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby ( )
6. A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot ( )
三、根据音标写单词
1. /'kwest n/ —( )
2. /'helθ / — ( )
3. /'ri: l / —( )
4. /'h b t/ —( )
5. /'t k n/ —( )
6. /'k r t/ —( )
7. /'ved t bl/ —( )
8. /'b :(r)θde / —( )
9. /bred/ —( )
10. /ra t/ —( )
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英语音标辨音
学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初
1. 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则;
知识点 2. 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音;
3. 学会辨音题解题方法。
1. 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同;
教学目标 2. 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力;
3. 掌握面谈基本仪态。
1. 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。
教学重难点 2. 难点
同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱
读现象。
单词辨音解题方法
1. 分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项
(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项”题型)。
例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo”在 A中读 [u],在 B、C、D中读
[u:],故 A为答案。
2. 对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判
断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同”题型)。
例:判断 “first”与 “her”划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。
3. 分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用
于多单词辨音练习)。
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例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag”按 “a”的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ]
(bag)两类。
解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音”还是 “重音 /音
节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。
核心发音规则与例词梳理
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
name, plane, Jane, baby,
开音节:[e ]
cake
a
bag, dad, hat, map, black,
闭音节:[ ]
back
开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinese
e
闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yes
开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kite
i
fish, big, drink, sit, milk,
闭音节:[ ]
swim
开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, no
o
闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, sock
student, excuse, duty,
u 开音节:[ju:]
Tuesday
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bus, cup, jump, much,
闭音节:[ ]
lunch
【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u在 j、l、r、s后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。
巩固练习
1. 下列单词中 “a”读 [ ]的是 ( C)
A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake
2. “he”中 “e”的读音是 ( B)
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
3. “bike”中 “i”读 ( A)
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
4. 下列单词中 “o”读 [ ]的是 ( C)
A. clock B. not C. those D. box
5. “bus”中 “u”的读音是 ( B)
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
China, another, woman,
a [ ]
breakfast
[ ] orange, village, cabbage
hundred, student, open,
e [ ]
weekend
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[ ] chicken, pocket, begin
holiday, beautiful, family,
[ ]/[ ]
animal
i
[a ] exercise, satellite
second, tonight,
[ ]
somebody, welcome
o
[ ] also, zero, photo
[ ] autumn, difficult
u
popular, congratulation,
[ju:]
January
【注意】:动词中 a处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u在 j、l、r、s后且处于开
音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。
巩固练习
1. “China”中 “a”的读音是 ( C)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
2. “hundred”中 “e”读 ( C)
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
3. “holiday”中 “i”的读音可能是 ( B)
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
4. “also”中 “o”读 ( B)
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
5. “popular”中 “u”的读音是 ( A)
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
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三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
字母 特殊场景 读音 例词
want, what, watch,
在 [w]音后 [ ]
wash, quality
a
after, plant, graph,
在 f、n、sk、ph、
[ɑ:] ask, grasp, glass, fast,
sp、ss、st、th前
father
在 - nd、-ld、-gh
i [a ] find, child, light, high

most, old, cold,
在 - st、-ld前 [ ]
postcard
o
come, monkey, love,
在 m、n、v、th前 [ ]
mother
巩固练习
1. “want”中 “a”的读音是 ( C)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
2. “after”中 “a”读 ( D)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
3. “find”中 “i”的读音是 ( A)
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
4. “old”中 “o”读 ( B)
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
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5. “come”中 “o”的读音是 ( D)
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
字组 读音 例词
一般情况 [ɑ:]
ar
在 [w]后 [ :]
一般情况 [ :]
or
在 [w]后 [ :]
er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday
【注意】:
1. 辅音字母 r双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;
2. -r音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。
巩固练习
1. “car”中 “ar”的读音是 ( A)
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
2. “warm”中 “ar”读 ( B)
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
3. “morning”中 “or”的读音是 ( B)
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
4. “worker”中 “or”读 ( C)
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
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5. “bird”中 “ir”的读音是 ( C)
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
are [e ] care, dare, hare
ere [ ] here, mere
ire [a ] fire, hire, wire
more, score, before,
ore [ :]
shore, bore
ure [ju: ] pure, cure
【注意】:ure在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r再加非重
读元字组时,按 - re音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。
巩固练习
1. “care”中 “are”的读音是 ( A)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
2. “here”中 “ere”读 ( B)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
3. “fire”中 “ire”的读音是 ( C)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
4. “more”中 “ore”读 ( D)
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
5. “pure”中 “ure”的读音是 ( D)
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A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]
六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
afraid, rain, wait, day,
ai/ay [e ]
play
air [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repair
always, also, salt, almost,
[ :l]
small, ball, talk, wall, all
al
[ɑ:] half, calm, palm
au/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, draw
[i:] teach, easy, cheap, please
heavy, bread, sweater,
ea [e]
weather
[e ] break, great
hear, dear, near, clear,
[ ]
year
ear
[e ] bear, pear, wear
[ :] earth, learn, early
ee [i:] jeep, week, green, three
eer [ ] pioneer, deer, beer
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[e ] eight, neighbour, they
ei/ey
[i:] either, key
[u:] flew, brew
eu/ew
在 j、l、r、s后 [ju:]
ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receive
oa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goal
oar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, floor
oi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toilet
broom, food, tooth,
[u:]
school
oo
book, look, cook, foot,
[u]
good
flower, house, count,
[a ]
down
[ ] know, row, throw, though
ou/ow
[ ] young, country, enough
[u:] group, you, soup
[ :] course, your, four
our
[a ] our, hour, ours
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[ :] journey
[u:] juice, fruit, suit
ui
在 j、l、r、s后 [ju: ]
巩固练习
1. “rain”中 “ai”的读音是 ( A)
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
2. “hair”中 “air”读 ( B)
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
3. “always”中 “al”的读音是 ( C)
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
4. “half”中 “al”读 ( D)
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
5. “teach”中 “ea”的读音是 ( A)
A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ]
七、辅音字组的读音
辅音字组 读音 例词
[b] bike, bus, bag
b
不发音 bomb, tomb
c [k] cake, picture, coat, music
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在 e、i、y前 [s]
[t ] much, chick, rich, teacher
school, headache,
ch [k]
chemistry
[ ] machine
cock, pocket, black,
-ck [k]
knock
d [d] doctor, bread, hand, day
-dge [d ] bridge, fridge
dr- [dr] children, driver, drink
f [f] five, four, breakfast
-ds [dz] stands, floods, goods
[g] bag, garden, go
g
在 e、i、y前 [d ]
[f] cough, enough
gh
不发音 light, daughter, high
非重读音节中 [g]
gu-/-gue
[gw] language, anguish
h [h] hot, head, house, hand
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不发音 hour, honest
j [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, July
k [k] kind, bike, skate, make
kn- [n] knife, know, knock
l [l] life, milk, school, tall
m [m] monkey, come, autumn
-mn [m] autumn, column
[n] not, shine, ten, note
n
在 [k]/[g]前 [ ]
-ng [ ] morning, young, wrong
paper, plane, pig, ship,
p [p]
pen
elephant, photo,
ph [f]
telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality, quite
r [r] red, rubber, ruler
词首 /清辅音前 [s]
s
元音间 /浊辅音前 [z]
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[sk] Scarlet, school
sc-
[s] muscle, science
sh [ ] she, fish, shirt, wash
通常情况 [t]
t
弱读 ia/ie/io前 [ ]
tch [t ] watch, kitchen
通常情况 [θ]
冠词 /代词 /介词 /连词
th [ ]

词尾 - the/-ther中 [ ]
tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truck
ts [ts] sports, parts
v [v] very, voice, love, leave
week, win, wake, sweet,
[w]
wait
w
不发音 answer, two
在 o前 [w]
wh-
[h] who, whose, whole
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重读元音前 [ks]
x
[gz] example, exist, exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes, yard, yellow, young
z [z] puzzle, zero, zoo
巩固练习
1. “bike”中 “b”的读音是 ( A)
A. [b] B.不发音 C. [k] D. [s]
2. “cake”中 “c”读 ( B)
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
3. “face”中 “c”的读音是 ( C)
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
4. “much”中 “ch”读 ( A)
A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]
5. “pocket”中 “ck”的读音是 ( B)
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节
1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 /多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节
词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic前音节重
读)。
2.开音节:
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绝对开音节:辅音 +元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-
dent;
相对开音节:辅音 +元音 +辅音(r除外)+不发音 e,如 name, these, bike,
home。
3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg,
fish, not, cup。
巩固练习
1. 单音节词 ( B)
A.无需重读 B.通常是重读音节
C.没有读音 D.读音最微弱
2. 绝对开音节的结构是 ( A)
A.辅音 +元音 B.元音 +辅音
C.辅音 +元音 +辅音 D.元音 +辅音 +元音
3. 相对开音节中末尾的 e ( B)
A.发音 B.不发音 C.读 [e] D.读 [ ]
4. 下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( B)
A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no
5. 多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( B)
A.好看 B.明确读音最响亮的音节
C.方便书写 D.区分词性
九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
ai/ay、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
ou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit
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-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion 在 s后 [t∫n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure [ ] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫ ] picture culture
十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读
规则拼读。
例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的
非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ]星期天
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ]早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ]碗柜
常用音标单词汇总
[ɑ:] grass,class,ask,after, farm far farther park
[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but
[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk
[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash
[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday
[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror
[ ] cat ,black ,glad
[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help
[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean see
three green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we
[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live
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[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoon
whose
[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book should
would
[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third
[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there
[d] dish deal
[t] team tin
[t ] chair , China
[ ] shirt , shoes sure
辨音题汇总练习
一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)
1. first — her (√,均读 [ :])
2. fifth — there (×,fifth中 “th”读 [θ],there中 “th”读 [ ])
3. today — Saturday (×,today中 “ay”读 [e ],Saturday中 “ay”读 [ ])
4. say — says (×,say中 “ay”读 [e ],says 中 “ay”读 [e])
5. eat — keep (√,均读 [i:])
6. April — May (√,均读 [e ])
7. look — cartoon (×,look中 “oo”读 [u],cartoon中 “oo”读 [u:])
8. blow — touch (×,blow中 “ow”读 [ ],touch中 “ou”读 [ ])
二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项
1. A. must B. public C. question D. cup
(答案:C,A/B/D中 “u”读 [ ],C中 “u”读 [ ])
2. A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother
(答案:B,A/C/D中 “er”读 [ ],B中 “er”读 [ :])
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3. A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday
(答案:D,A/B/C中 “ay”读 [e ],D中 “ay”读 [ ])
4. A. great B. bread C. ready D. head
(答案:A,B/C/D中 “ea”读 [e],A中 “ea”读 [e ])
5. A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby
(答案:B,A/C/D中 “ear”读 [ ],B中 “ear”读 [e ])
6. A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot
(答案:A,B/C/D中 “oo”读 [u:],A中 “oo”读 [u])
三、根据音标写单词
1. /'kwest n/ — question
2. /'helθ / — healthy
3. /'ri: l / — really
4. /'h b t/ — habit
5. /'t k n/ — chicken
6. /'k r t/ — carrot
7. /'ved t bl/ — vegetable
8. /'b :(r)θde / — birthday
9. /bred/ — bread
10. /ra t/ — right
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英语音标辨音
学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初
知识点 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则; 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音; 学会辨音题解题方法。
教学目标 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同; 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力; 掌握面谈基本仪态。
教学重难点 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。 难点 同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱读现象。
单词辨音解题方法
分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项” 题型)。
例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo” 在 A 中读 [u],在 B、C、D 中读 [u:],故 A 为答案。
对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同” 题型)。
例:判断 “first” 与 “her” 划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。
分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用于多单词辨音练习)。
例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag” 按 “a” 的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ](bag)两类。
解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音” 还是 “重音 / 音节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。
核心发音规则与例词梳理
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
a 开音节:[e ] name, plane, Jane, baby, cake
闭音节:[ ] bag, dad, hat, map, black, back
e 开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinese
闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yes
i 开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kite
闭音节:[ ] fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swim
o 开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, no
闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, sock
u 开音节:[ju:] student, excuse, duty, Tuesday
闭音节:[ ] bus, cup, jump, much, lunch
【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u 在 j、l、r、s 后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。
巩固练习
下列单词中 “a” 读 [ ] 的是 ( )
A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake
“he” 中 “e” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“bike” 中 “i” 读 ( )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
下列单词中 “o” 读 [ ] 的是 ( )
A. clock B. not C. those D. box
“bus” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( )
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
字母 读音 例词
a [ ] China, another, woman, breakfast
[ ] orange, village, cabbage
e [ ] hundred, student, open, weekend
[ ] chicken, pocket, begin
i [ ]/[ ] holiday, beautiful, family, animal
[a ] exercise, satellite
o [ ] second, tonight, somebody, welcome
[ ] also, zero, photo
u [ ] autumn, difficult
[ju:] popular, congratulation, January
【注意】:动词中 a 处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u 在 j、l、r、s 后且处于开音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。
巩固练习
“China” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“hundred” 中 “e” 读 ( )
A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“holiday” 中 “i” 的读音可能是 ( )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
“also” 中 “o” 读 ( )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“popular” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( )
A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
字母 特殊场景 读音 例词
a 在 [w] 音后 [ ] want, what, watch, wash, quality
在 f、n、sk、ph、sp、ss、st、th 前 [ɑ:] after, plant, graph, ask, grasp, glass, fast, father
i 在 - nd、-ld、-gh 前 [a ] find, child, light, high
o 在 - st、-ld 前 [ ] most, old, cold, postcard
在 m、n、v、th 前 [ ] come, monkey, love, mother
巩固练习
“want” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
“after” 中 “a” 读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]
“find” 中 “i” 的读音是 ( )
A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]
“old” 中 “o” 读 ( )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
“come” 中 “o” 的读音是 ( )
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]
四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
字组 读音 例词
ar 一般情况 [ɑ:]
在 [w] 后 [ :]
or 一般情况 [ :]
在 [w] 后 [ :]
er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday
【注意】:
辅音字母 r 双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;
-r 音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。
巩固练习
“car” 中 “ar” 的读音是 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“warm” 中 “ar” 读 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“morning” 中 “or” 的读音是 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“worker” 中 “or” 读 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
“bird” 中 “ir” 的读音是 ( )
A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]
五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
are [e ] care, dare, hare
ere [ ] here, mere
ire [a ] fire, hire, wire
ore [ :] more, score, before, shore, bore
ure [ju: ] pure, cure
【注意】:ure 在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r 再加非重读元字组时,按 - re 音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。
巩固练习
“care” 中 “are” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“here” 中 “ere” 读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“fire” 中 “ire” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“more” 中 “ore” 读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]
“pure” 中 “ure” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]
六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
ai/ay [e ] afraid, rain, wait, day, play
air [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repair
al [ :l] always, also, salt, almost, small, ball, talk, wall, all
[ɑ:] half, calm, palm
au/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, draw
ea [i:] teach, easy, cheap, please
[e] heavy, bread, sweater, weather
[e ] break, great
ear [ ] hear, dear, near, clear, year
[e ] bear, pear, wear
[ :] earth, learn, early
ee [i:] jeep, week, green, three
eer [ ] pioneer, deer, beer
ei/ey [e ] eight, neighbour, they
[i:] either, key
eu/ew [u:] flew, brew
在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju:]
ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receive
oa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goal
oar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, floor
oi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toilet
oo [u:] broom, food, tooth, school
[u] book, look, cook, foot, good
ou/ow [a ] flower, house, count, down
[ ] know, row, throw, though
[ ] young, country, enough
[u:] group, you, soup
our [ :] course, your, four
[a ] our, hour, ours
[ :] journey
ui [u:] juice, fruit, suit
在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju: ]
巩固练习
“rain” 中 “ai” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“hair” 中 “air” 读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“always” 中 “al” 的读音是 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“half” 中 “al” 读 ( )
A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]
“teach” 中 “ea” 的读音是 ( )
A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ]
(七)辅音字组的读音
辅音字组 读音 例词
b [b] bike, bus, bag
不发音 bomb, tomb
c [k] cake, picture, coat, music
在 e、i、y 前 [s]
ch [t ] much, chick, rich, teacher
[k] school, headache, chemistry
[ ] machine
-ck [k] cock, pocket, black, knock
d [d] doctor, bread, hand, day
-dge [d ] bridge, fridge
dr- [dr] children, driver, drink
f [f] five, four, breakfast
-ds [dz] stands, floods, goods
g [g] bag, garden, go
在 e、i、y 前 [d ]
gh [f] cough, enough
不发音 light, daughter, high
gu-/-gue 非重读音节中 [g]
[gw] language, anguish
h [h] hot, head, house, hand
不发音 hour, honest
j [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, July
k [k] kind, bike, skate, make
kn- [n] knife, know, knock
l [l] life, milk, school, tall
m [m] monkey, come, autumn
-mn [m] autumn, column
n [n] not, shine, ten, note
在 [k]/[g] 前 [ ]
-ng [ ] morning, young, wrong
p [p] paper, plane, pig, ship, pen
ph [f] elephant, photo, telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality, quite
r [r] red, rubber, ruler
s 词首 / 清辅音前 [s]
元音间 / 浊辅音前 [z]
sc- [sk] Scarlet, school
[s] muscle, science
sh [ ] she, fish, shirt, wash
t 通常情况 [t]
弱读 ia/ie/io 前 [ ]
tch [t ] watch, kitchen
th 通常情况 [θ]
冠词 / 代词 / 介词 / 连词中 [ ]
词尾 - the/-ther 中 [ ]
tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truck
ts [ts] sports, parts
v [v] very, voice, love, leave
w [w] week, win, wake, sweet, wait
不发音 answer, two
wh- 在 o 前 [w]
[h] who, whose, whole
x 重读元音前 [ks]
[gz] example, exist, exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes, yard, yellow, young
z [z] puzzle, zero, zoo
巩固练习
“bike” 中 “b” 的读音是 ( )
A. [b] B. 不发音 C. [k] D. [s]
“cake” 中 “c” 读 ( )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
“face” 中 “c” 的读音是 ( )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
“much” 中 “ch” 读 ( )
A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]
“pocket” 中 “ck” 的读音是 ( )
A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]
八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节
1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 / 多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic 前音节重读)。
2.开音节:
绝对开音节:辅音 + 元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent;
相对开音节:辅音 + 元音 + 辅音(r 除外)+ 不发音 e,如 name, these, bike, home。
3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y 除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg, fish, not, cup。
巩固练习
单音节词 ( )
无需重读 B. 通常是重读音节
C. 没有读音 D. 读音最微弱
绝对开音节的结构是 ( )
辅音 + 元音 B. 元音 + 辅音
C. 辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 D. 元音 + 辅音 + 元音
相对开音节中末尾的 e ( )
A. 发音 B. 不发音 C. 读 [e] D. 读 [ ]
下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( )
A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no
多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( )
好看 B. 明确读音最响亮的音节
C. 方便书写 D. 区分词性
九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组 读音 例词
ai/ay 、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
ou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit
-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion 在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure [ ] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫ ] picture culture
十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如:
sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ] 星期天
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ] 碗柜
常用音标单词汇总
[ɑ:] grass ,class ,ask ,after, farm far farther park
[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but
[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk
[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash
[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday
[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror
[ ] cat ,black ,glad
[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help
[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean see three green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we
[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live
[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoon whose
[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book should would
[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third
[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there
[d] dish deal
[t] team tin
[t ] chair , China
[ ] shirt , shoes sure
辨音题汇总练习
一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)
first — her ( )
fifth — there ( )
today — Saturday ( )
say — says ( )
eat — keep ( )
April — May ( )
look — cartoon ( )
blow — touch ( )
二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项
A. must B. public C. question D. cup ( )
A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother ( )
A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday ( )
A. great B. bread C. ready D. head ( )
A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby ( )
A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot ( )
三、根据音标写单词
/'kwest n/ — ( )
/'helθ / — ( )
/'ri: l / — ( )
/'h b t/ — ( )
/'t k n/ —( )
/'k r t/ — ( )
/'ved t bl/ — ( )
/'b :(r)θde / — ( )
/bred/ — ( )
/ra t/ — ( )
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