资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台英语音标辨音学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初知识点 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则; 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音; 学会辨音题解题方法。教学目标 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同; 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力; 掌握面谈基本仪态。教学重难点 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。 难点 同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱读现象。单词辨音解题方法分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项” 题型)。例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo” 在 A 中读 [u],在 B、C、D 中读 [u:],故 A 为答案。对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同” 题型)。例:判断 “first” 与 “her” 划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用于多单词辨音练习)。例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag” 按 “a” 的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ](bag)两类。解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音” 还是 “重音 / 音节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。核心发音规则与例词梳理一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词a 开音节:[e ] name, plane, Jane, baby, cake闭音节:[ ] bag, dad, hat, map, black, backe 开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinese闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yesi 开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kite闭音节:[ ] fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swimo 开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, no闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, socku 开音节:[ju:] student, excuse, duty, Tuesday闭音节:[ ] bus, cup, jump, much, lunch【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u 在 j、l、r、s 后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。巩固练习下列单词中 “a” 读 [ ] 的是 ( C )A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake“he” 中 “e” 的读音是 ( B )A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]“bike” 中 “i” 读 ( A )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]下列单词中 “o” 读 [ ] 的是 ( C )A. clock B. not C. those D. box“bus” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( B )A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词a [ ] China, another, woman, breakfast[ ] orange, village, cabbagee [ ] hundred, student, open, weekend[ ] chicken, pocket, begini [ ]/[ ] holiday, beautiful, family, animal[a ] exercise, satelliteo [ ] second, tonight, somebody, welcome[ ] also, zero, photou [ ] autumn, difficult[ju:] popular, congratulation, January【注意】:动词中 a 处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u 在 j、l、r、s 后且处于开音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。巩固练习“China” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( C )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]“hundred” 中 “e” 读 ( C )A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]“holiday” 中 “i” 的读音可能是 ( B )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]“also” 中 “o” 读 ( B )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]“popular” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( A )A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音字母 特殊场景 读音 例词a 在 [w] 音后 [ ] want, what, watch, wash, quality在 f、n、sk、ph、sp、ss、st、th 前 [ɑ:] after, plant, graph, ask, grasp, glass, fast, fatheri 在 - nd、-ld、-gh 前 [a ] find, child, light, higho 在 - st、-ld 前 [ ] most, old, cold, postcard在 m、n、v、th 前 [ ] come, monkey, love, mother巩固练习“want” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( C )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]“after” 中 “a” 读 ( D )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]“find” 中 “i” 的读音是 ( A )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]“old” 中 “o” 读 ( B )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]“come” 中 “o” 的读音是 ( D )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音字组 读音 例词ar 一般情况 [ɑ:]在 [w] 后 [ :]or 一般情况 [ :]在 [w] 后 [ :]er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday【注意】:辅音字母 r 双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;-r 音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。巩固练习“car” 中 “ar” 的读音是 ( A )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“warm” 中 “ar” 读 ( B )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“morning” 中 “or” 的读音是 ( B )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“worker” 中 “or” 读 ( C )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“bird” 中 “ir” 的读音是 ( C )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词are [e ] care, dare, hareere [ ] here, mereire [a ] fire, hire, wireore [ :] more, score, before, shore, boreure [ju: ] pure, cure【注意】:ure 在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r 再加非重读元字组时,按 - re 音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。巩固练习“care” 中 “are” 的读音是 ( A )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“here” 中 “ere” 读 ( B )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“fire” 中 “ire” 的读音是 ( C )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“more” 中 “ore” 读 ( D )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“pure” 中 “ure” 的读音是 ( D )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词ai/ay [e ] afraid, rain, wait, day, playair [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repairal [ :l] always, also, salt, almost, small, ball, talk, wall, all[ɑ:] half, calm, palmau/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, drawea [i:] teach, easy, cheap, please[e] heavy, bread, sweater, weather[e ] break, greatear [ ] hear, dear, near, clear, year[e ] bear, pear, wear[ :] earth, learn, earlyee [i:] jeep, week, green, threeeer [ ] pioneer, deer, beerei/ey [e ] eight, neighbour, they[i:] either, keyeu/ew [u:] flew, brew在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju:]ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receiveoa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goaloar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, flooroi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toiletoo [u:] broom, food, tooth, school[u] book, look, cook, foot, goodou/ow [a ] flower, house, count, down[ ] know, row, throw, though[ ] young, country, enough[u:] group, you, soupour [ :] course, your, four[a ] our, hour, ours[ :] journeyui [u:] juice, fruit, suit在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju: ]巩固练习“rain” 中 “ai” 的读音是 ( A )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“hair” 中 “air” 读 ( B )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“always” 中 “al” 的读音是 ( C )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“half” 中 “al” 读 ( D )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“teach” 中 “ea” 的读音是 ( A )A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ]七、辅音字组的读音辅音字组 读音 例词b [b] bike, bus, bag不发音 bomb, tombc [k] cake, picture, coat, music在 e、i、y 前 [s]ch [t ] much, chick, rich, teacher[k] school, headache, chemistry[ ] machine-ck [k] cock, pocket, black, knockd [d] doctor, bread, hand, day-dge [d ] bridge, fridgedr- [dr] children, driver, drinkf [f] five, four, breakfast-ds [dz] stands, floods, goodsg [g] bag, garden, go在 e、i、y 前 [d ]gh [f] cough, enough不发音 light, daughter, highgu-/-gue 非重读音节中 [g][gw] language, anguishh [h] hot, head, house, hand不发音 hour, honestj [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, Julyk [k] kind, bike, skate, makekn- [n] knife, know, knockl [l] life, milk, school, tallm [m] monkey, come, autumn-mn [m] autumn, columnn [n] not, shine, ten, note在 [k]/[g] 前 [ ]-ng [ ] morning, young, wrongp [p] paper, plane, pig, ship, penph [f] elephant, photo, telephoneq [k] Iraqqu- [kw] quality, quiter [r] red, rubber, rulers 词首 / 清辅音前 [s]元音间 / 浊辅音前 [z]sc- [sk] Scarlet, school[s] muscle, sciencesh [ ] she, fish, shirt, washt 通常情况 [t]弱读 ia/ie/io 前 [ ]tch [t ] watch, kitchenth 通常情况 [θ]冠词 / 代词 / 介词 / 连词中 [ ]词尾 - the/-ther 中 [ ]tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truckts [ts] sports, partsv [v] very, voice, love, leavew [w] week, win, wake, sweet, wait不发音 answer, twowh- 在 o 前 [w][h] who, whose, wholex 重读元音前 [ks][gz] example, exist, exactwr- [r] writey- [j] yes, yard, yellow, youngz [z] puzzle, zero, zoo巩固练习“bike” 中 “b” 的读音是 ( A )A. [b] B. 不发音 C. [k] D. [s]“cake” 中 “c” 读 ( B )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]“face” 中 “c” 的读音是 ( C )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]“much” 中 “ch” 读 ( A )A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]“pocket” 中 “ck” 的读音是 ( B )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 / 多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic 前音节重读)。2.开音节: 绝对开音节:辅音 + 元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent; 相对开音节:辅音 + 元音 + 辅音(r 除外)+ 不发音 e,如 name, these, bike, home。3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y 除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg, fish, not, cup。巩固练习单音节词 ( B )无需重读 B. 通常是重读音节C. 没有读音 D. 读音最微弱绝对开音节的结构是 ( A )辅音 + 元音 B. 元音 + 辅音C. 辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 D. 元音 + 辅音 + 元音相对开音节中末尾的 e ( B )A. 发音 B. 不发音 C. 读 [e] D. 读 [ ]下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( B )A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( B )好看 B. 明确读音最响亮的音节C. 方便书写 D. 区分词性九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组 读音 例词ai/ay 、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkeyow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrowou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion-tion 在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle castle-sure [ ] pleasure measure-ture [t∫ ] picture culture十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ] 星期天break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ] 早餐cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ] 碗柜常用音标单词汇总[ɑ:] grass ,class ,ask ,after, farm far farther park[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror[ ] cat ,black ,glad[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean see three green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoon whose[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book should would[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there[d] dish deal[t] team tin[t ] chair , China[ ] shirt , shoes sure辨音题汇总练习一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)first — her (√,均读 [ :])fifth — there (×,fifth 中 “th” 读 [θ],there 中 “th” 读 [ ])today — Saturday (×,today 中 “ay” 读 [e ],Saturday 中 “ay” 读 [ ])say — says (×,say 中 “ay” 读 [e ],says 中 “ay” 读 [e])eat — keep (√,均读 [i:])April — May (√,均读 [e ])look — cartoon (×,look 中 “oo” 读 [u],cartoon 中 “oo” 读 [u:])blow — touch (×,blow 中 “ow” 读 [ ],touch 中 “ou” 读 [ ])二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项A. must B. public C. question D. cup(答案:C,A/B/D 中 “u” 读 [ ],C 中 “u” 读 [ ])A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother(答案:B,A/C/D 中 “er” 读 [ ],B 中 “er” 读 [ :])A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday(答案:D,A/B/C 中 “ay” 读 [e ],D 中 “ay” 读 [ ])A. great B. bread C. ready D. head(答案:A,B/C/D 中 “ea” 读 [e],A 中 “ea” 读 [e ])A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby(答案:B,A/C/D 中 “ear” 读 [ ],B 中 “ear” 读 [e ])A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot(答案:A,B/C/D 中 “oo” 读 [u:],A 中 “oo” 读 [u])三、根据音标写单词/'kwest n/ — question/'helθ / — healthy/'ri: l / — really/'h b t/ — habit/'t k n/ — chicken/'k r t/ — carrot/'ved t bl/ — vegetable/'b :(r)θde / — birthday/bred/ — bread/ra t/ — right21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台英语音标辨音学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初1. 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则;知识点 2. 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音;3. 学会辨音题解题方法。1. 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同;教学目标 2. 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力;3. 掌握面谈基本仪态。1. 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。教学重难点 2. 难点同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱读现象。单词辨音解题方法1. 分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项”题型)。例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo”在 A中读 [u],在 B、C、D中读[u:],故 A为答案。2. 对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同”题型)。例:判断 “first”与 “her”划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。3. 分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用于多单词辨音练习)。21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag”按 “a”的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ](bag)两类。解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音”还是 “重音 /音节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。核心发音规则与例词梳理一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词name, plane, Jane, baby,开音节:[e ]cakeabag, dad, hat, map, black,闭音节:[ ]back开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinesee闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yes开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kiteifish, big, drink, sit, milk,闭音节:[ ]swim开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, noo闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, sockstudent, excuse, duty,u 开音节:[ju:]Tuesday21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台bus, cup, jump, much,闭音节:[ ]lunch【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u在 j、l、r、s后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。巩固练习1. 下列单词中 “a”读 [ ]的是 ( )A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake2. “he”中 “e”的读音是 ( )A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]3. “bike”中 “i”读 ( )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]4. 下列单词中 “o”读 [ ]的是 ( )A. clock B. not C. those D. box5. “bus”中 “u”的读音是 ( )A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词China, another, woman,a [ ]breakfast[ ] orange, village, cabbagehundred, student, open,e [ ]weekend21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[ ] chicken, pocket, beginholiday, beautiful, family,[ ]/[ ]animali[a ] exercise, satellitesecond, tonight,[ ]somebody, welcomeo[ ] also, zero, photo[ ] autumn, difficultupopular, congratulation,[ju:]January【注意】:动词中 a处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u在 j、l、r、s后且处于开音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。巩固练习1. “China”中 “a”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]2. “hundred”中 “e”读 ( )A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]3. “holiday”中 “i”的读音可能是 ( )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]4. “also”中 “o”读 ( )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]5. “popular”中 “u”的读音是 ( )A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音字母 特殊场景 读音 例词want, what, watch,在 [w]音后 [ ]wash, qualityaafter, plant, graph,在 f、n、sk、ph、[ɑ:] ask, grasp, glass, fast,sp、ss、st、th前father在 - nd、-ld、-ghi [a ] find, child, light, high前most, old, cold,在 - st、-ld前 [ ]postcardocome, monkey, love,在 m、n、v、th前 [ ]mother巩固练习1. “want”中 “a”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]2. “after”中 “a”读 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]3. “find”中 “i”的读音是 ( )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]4. “old”中 “o”读 ( )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台5. “come”中 “o”的读音是 ( )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音字组 读音 例词一般情况 [ɑ:]ar在 [w]后 [ :]一般情况 [ :]or在 [w]后 [ :]er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday【注意】:1. 辅音字母 r双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;2. -r音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。巩固练习1. “car”中 “ar”的读音是 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]2. “warm”中 “ar”读 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]3. “morning”中 “or”的读音是 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]4. “worker”中 “or”读 ( )21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]5. “bird”中 “ir”的读音是 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词are [e ] care, dare, hareere [ ] here, mereire [a ] fire, hire, wiremore, score, before,ore [ :]shore, boreure [ju: ] pure, cure【注意】:ure在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r再加非重读元字组时,按 - re音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。巩固练习1. “care”中 “are”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]2. “here”中 “ere”读 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]3. “fire”中 “ire”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]4. “more”中 “ore”读 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台5. “pure”中 “ure”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词afraid, rain, wait, day,ai/ay [e ]playair [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repairalways, also, salt, almost,[ :l]small, ball, talk, wall, allal[ɑ:] half, calm, palmau/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, draw[i:] teach, easy, cheap, pleaseheavy, bread, sweater,ea [e]weather[e ] break, greathear, dear, near, clear,[ ]yearear[e ] bear, pear, wear[ :] earth, learn, earlyee [i:] jeep, week, green, three21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台eer [ ] pioneer, deer, beer[e ] eight, neighbour, theyei/ey[i:] either, key[u:] flew, breweu/ew在 j、l、r、s后 [ju:]ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receiveoa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goaloar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, flooroi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toiletbroom, food, tooth,[u:]schooloobook, look, cook, foot,[u]goodflower, house, count,[a ]down[ ] know, row, throw, thoughou/ow[ ] young, country, enough[u:] group, you, soupour [ :] course, your, four21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[a ] our, hour, ours[ :] journey[u:] juice, fruit, suitui在 j、l、r、s后 [ju: ]巩固练习1. “rain”中 “ai”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]2. “hair”中 “air”读 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]3. “always”中 “al”的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]4. “half”中 “al”读 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]5. “teach”中 “ea”的读音是 ( )A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ](七)辅音字组的读音辅音字组 读音 例词[b] bike, bus, bagb不发音 bomb, tombc [k] cake, picture, coat, music21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台在 e、i、y前 [s][t ] much, chick, rich, teacherschool, headache,ch [k]chemistry[ ] machinecock, pocket, black,-ck [k]knockd [d] doctor, bread, hand, day-dge [d ] bridge, fridgedr- [dr] children, driver, drinkf [f] five, four, breakfast-ds [dz] stands, floods, goods[g] bag, garden, gog在 e、i、y前 [d ][f] cough, enoughgh不发音 light, daughter, high非重读音节中 [g]gu-/-gue[gw] language, anguishh [h] hot, head, house, hand21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台不发音 hour, honestj [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, Julyk [k] kind, bike, skate, makekn- [n] knife, know, knockl [l] life, milk, school, tallm [m] monkey, come, autumn-mn [m] autumn, column[n] not, shine, ten, noten在 [k]/[g]前 [ ]-ng [ ] morning, young, wrongpaper, plane, pig, ship,p [p]penelephant, photo,ph [f]telephoneq [k] Iraqqu- [kw] quality, quiter [r] red, rubber, ruler词首 /清辅音前 [s]s元音间 /浊辅音前 [z]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[sk] Scarlet, schoolsc-[s] muscle, sciencesh [ ] she, fish, shirt, wash通常情况 [t]t弱读 ia/ie/io前 [ ]tch [t ] watch, kitchen通常情况 [θ]冠词 /代词 /介词 /连词th [ ]中词尾 - the/-ther中 [ ]tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truckts [ts] sports, partsv [v] very, voice, love, leaveweek, win, wake, sweet,[w]waitw不发音 answer, two在 o前 [w]wh-[h] who, whose, whole21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台重读元音前 [ks]x[gz] example, exist, exactwr- [r] writey- [j] yes, yard, yellow, youngz [z] puzzle, zero, zoo巩固练习1. “bike”中 “b”的读音是 ( )A. [b] B.不发音 C. [k] D. [s]2. “cake”中 “c”读 ( )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]3. “face”中 “c”的读音是 ( )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]4. “much”中 “ch”读 ( )A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]5. “pocket”中 “ck”的读音是 ( )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 /多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic前音节重读)。2.开音节:21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 绝对开音节:辅音 +元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent; 相对开音节:辅音 +元音 +辅音(r除外)+不发音 e,如 name, these, bike,home。3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg,fish, not, cup。巩固练习1. 单音节词 ( )A.无需重读 B.通常是重读音节C.没有读音 D.读音最微弱2. 绝对开音节的结构是 ( )A.辅音 +元音 B.元音 +辅音C.辅音 +元音 +辅音 D.元音 +辅音 +元音3. 相对开音节中末尾的 e ( )A.发音 B.不发音 C.读 [e] D.读 [ ]4. 下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( )A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no5. 多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( )A.好看 B.明确读音最响亮的音节C.方便书写 D.区分词性九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组 读音 例词ai/ay、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkeyow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrowou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion-tion 在 s后 [t∫n] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle castle-sure [ ] pleasure measure-ture [t∫ ] picture culture十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ]星期天break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ]早餐cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ]碗柜常用音标单词汇总[ɑ:] grass,class,ask,after, farm far farther park[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror[ ] cat ,black ,glad[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean seethree green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoonwhose[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book shouldwould[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there[d] dish deal[t] team tin[t ] chair , China[ ] shirt , shoes sure辨音题汇总练习一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)1. first — her ( )2. fifth — there ( )3. today — Saturday ( )4. say — says ( )5. eat — keep ( )6. April — May ( )7. look — cartoon ( )8. blow — touch ( )二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项1. A. must B. public C. question D. cup ( )2. A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother ( )21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台3. A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday ( )4. A. great B. bread C. ready D. head ( )5. A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby ( )6. A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot ( )三、根据音标写单词1. /'kwest n/ —( )2. /'helθ / — ( )3. /'ri: l / —( )4. /'h b t/ —( )5. /'t k n/ —( )6. /'k r t/ —( )7. /'ved t bl/ —( )8. /'b :(r)θde / —( )9. /bred/ —( )10. /ra t/ —( )21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台英语音标辨音学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初1. 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则;知识点 2. 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音;3. 学会辨音题解题方法。1. 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同;教学目标 2. 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力;3. 掌握面谈基本仪态。1. 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。教学重难点 2. 难点同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱读现象。单词辨音解题方法1. 分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项”题型)。例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo”在 A中读 [u],在 B、C、D中读[u:],故 A为答案。2. 对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同”题型)。例:判断 “first”与 “her”划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。3. 分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用于多单词辨音练习)。21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag”按 “a”的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ](bag)两类。解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音”还是 “重音 /音节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。核心发音规则与例词梳理一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词name, plane, Jane, baby,开音节:[e ]cakeabag, dad, hat, map, black,闭音节:[ ]back开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinesee闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yes开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kiteifish, big, drink, sit, milk,闭音节:[ ]swim开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, noo闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, sockstudent, excuse, duty,u 开音节:[ju:]Tuesday21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台bus, cup, jump, much,闭音节:[ ]lunch【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u在 j、l、r、s后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。巩固练习1. 下列单词中 “a”读 [ ]的是 ( C)A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake2. “he”中 “e”的读音是 ( B)A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]3. “bike”中 “i”读 ( A)A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]4. 下列单词中 “o”读 [ ]的是 ( C)A. clock B. not C. those D. box5. “bus”中 “u”的读音是 ( B)A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词China, another, woman,a [ ]breakfast[ ] orange, village, cabbagehundred, student, open,e [ ]weekend21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[ ] chicken, pocket, beginholiday, beautiful, family,[ ]/[ ]animali[a ] exercise, satellitesecond, tonight,[ ]somebody, welcomeo[ ] also, zero, photo[ ] autumn, difficultupopular, congratulation,[ju:]January【注意】:动词中 a处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u在 j、l、r、s后且处于开音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。巩固练习1. “China”中 “a”的读音是 ( C)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]2. “hundred”中 “e”读 ( C)A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]3. “holiday”中 “i”的读音可能是 ( B)A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]4. “also”中 “o”读 ( B)A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]5. “popular”中 “u”的读音是 ( A)A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音字母 特殊场景 读音 例词want, what, watch,在 [w]音后 [ ]wash, qualityaafter, plant, graph,在 f、n、sk、ph、[ɑ:] ask, grasp, glass, fast,sp、ss、st、th前father在 - nd、-ld、-ghi [a ] find, child, light, high前most, old, cold,在 - st、-ld前 [ ]postcardocome, monkey, love,在 m、n、v、th前 [ ]mother巩固练习1. “want”中 “a”的读音是 ( C)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]2. “after”中 “a”读 ( D)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]3. “find”中 “i”的读音是 ( A)A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]4. “old”中 “o”读 ( B)A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台5. “come”中 “o”的读音是 ( D)A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音字组 读音 例词一般情况 [ɑ:]ar在 [w]后 [ :]一般情况 [ :]or在 [w]后 [ :]er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday【注意】:1. 辅音字母 r双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;2. -r音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。巩固练习1. “car”中 “ar”的读音是 ( A)A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]2. “warm”中 “ar”读 ( B)A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]3. “morning”中 “or”的读音是 ( B)A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]4. “worker”中 “or”读 ( C)A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台5. “bird”中 “ir”的读音是 ( C)A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词are [e ] care, dare, hareere [ ] here, mereire [a ] fire, hire, wiremore, score, before,ore [ :]shore, boreure [ju: ] pure, cure【注意】:ure在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r再加非重读元字组时,按 - re音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。巩固练习1. “care”中 “are”的读音是 ( A)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]2. “here”中 “ere”读 ( B)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]3. “fire”中 “ire”的读音是 ( C)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]4. “more”中 “ore”读 ( D)A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]5. “pure”中 “ure”的读音是 ( D)21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词afraid, rain, wait, day,ai/ay [e ]playair [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repairalways, also, salt, almost,[ :l]small, ball, talk, wall, allal[ɑ:] half, calm, palmau/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, draw[i:] teach, easy, cheap, pleaseheavy, bread, sweater,ea [e]weather[e ] break, greathear, dear, near, clear,[ ]yearear[e ] bear, pear, wear[ :] earth, learn, earlyee [i:] jeep, week, green, threeeer [ ] pioneer, deer, beer21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[e ] eight, neighbour, theyei/ey[i:] either, key[u:] flew, breweu/ew在 j、l、r、s后 [ju:]ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receiveoa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goaloar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, flooroi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toiletbroom, food, tooth,[u:]schooloobook, look, cook, foot,[u]goodflower, house, count,[a ]down[ ] know, row, throw, thoughou/ow[ ] young, country, enough[u:] group, you, soup[ :] course, your, fourour[a ] our, hour, ours21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[ :] journey[u:] juice, fruit, suitui在 j、l、r、s后 [ju: ]巩固练习1. “rain”中 “ai”的读音是 ( A)A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]2. “hair”中 “air”读 ( B)A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]3. “always”中 “al”的读音是 ( C)A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]4. “half”中 “al”读 ( D)A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]5. “teach”中 “ea”的读音是 ( A)A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ]七、辅音字组的读音辅音字组 读音 例词[b] bike, bus, bagb不发音 bomb, tombc [k] cake, picture, coat, music21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台在 e、i、y前 [s][t ] much, chick, rich, teacherschool, headache,ch [k]chemistry[ ] machinecock, pocket, black,-ck [k]knockd [d] doctor, bread, hand, day-dge [d ] bridge, fridgedr- [dr] children, driver, drinkf [f] five, four, breakfast-ds [dz] stands, floods, goods[g] bag, garden, gog在 e、i、y前 [d ][f] cough, enoughgh不发音 light, daughter, high非重读音节中 [g]gu-/-gue[gw] language, anguishh [h] hot, head, house, hand21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台不发音 hour, honestj [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, Julyk [k] kind, bike, skate, makekn- [n] knife, know, knockl [l] life, milk, school, tallm [m] monkey, come, autumn-mn [m] autumn, column[n] not, shine, ten, noten在 [k]/[g]前 [ ]-ng [ ] morning, young, wrongpaper, plane, pig, ship,p [p]penelephant, photo,ph [f]telephoneq [k] Iraqqu- [kw] quality, quiter [r] red, rubber, ruler词首 /清辅音前 [s]s元音间 /浊辅音前 [z]21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[sk] Scarlet, schoolsc-[s] muscle, sciencesh [ ] she, fish, shirt, wash通常情况 [t]t弱读 ia/ie/io前 [ ]tch [t ] watch, kitchen通常情况 [θ]冠词 /代词 /介词 /连词th [ ]中词尾 - the/-ther中 [ ]tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truckts [ts] sports, partsv [v] very, voice, love, leaveweek, win, wake, sweet,[w]waitw不发音 answer, two在 o前 [w]wh-[h] who, whose, whole21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台重读元音前 [ks]x[gz] example, exist, exactwr- [r] writey- [j] yes, yard, yellow, youngz [z] puzzle, zero, zoo巩固练习1. “bike”中 “b”的读音是 ( A)A. [b] B.不发音 C. [k] D. [s]2. “cake”中 “c”读 ( B)A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]3. “face”中 “c”的读音是 ( C)A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]4. “much”中 “ch”读 ( A)A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]5. “pocket”中 “ck”的读音是 ( B)A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 /多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic前音节重读)。2.开音节:21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 绝对开音节:辅音 +元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent; 相对开音节:辅音 +元音 +辅音(r除外)+不发音 e,如 name, these, bike,home。3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg,fish, not, cup。巩固练习1. 单音节词 ( B)A.无需重读 B.通常是重读音节C.没有读音 D.读音最微弱2. 绝对开音节的结构是 ( A)A.辅音 +元音 B.元音 +辅音C.辅音 +元音 +辅音 D.元音 +辅音 +元音3. 相对开音节中末尾的 e ( B)A.发音 B.不发音 C.读 [e] D.读 [ ]4. 下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( B)A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no5. 多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( B)A.好看 B.明确读音最响亮的音节C.方便书写 D.区分词性九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组 读音 例词ai/ay、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkeyow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrowou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion-tion 在 s后 [t∫n] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle castle-sure [ ] pleasure measure-ture [t∫ ] picture culture十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ]星期天break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ]早餐cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ]碗柜常用音标单词汇总[ɑ:] grass,class,ask,after, farm far farther park[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror[ ] cat ,black ,glad[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean seethree green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoonwhose[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book shouldwould[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there[d] dish deal[t] team tin[t ] chair , China[ ] shirt , shoes sure辨音题汇总练习一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)1. first — her (√,均读 [ :])2. fifth — there (×,fifth中 “th”读 [θ],there中 “th”读 [ ])3. today — Saturday (×,today中 “ay”读 [e ],Saturday中 “ay”读 [ ])4. say — says (×,say中 “ay”读 [e ],says 中 “ay”读 [e])5. eat — keep (√,均读 [i:])6. April — May (√,均读 [e ])7. look — cartoon (×,look中 “oo”读 [u],cartoon中 “oo”读 [u:])8. blow — touch (×,blow中 “ow”读 [ ],touch中 “ou”读 [ ])二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项1. A. must B. public C. question D. cup(答案:C,A/B/D中 “u”读 [ ],C中 “u”读 [ ])2. A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother(答案:B,A/C/D中 “er”读 [ ],B中 “er”读 [ :])21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台3. A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday(答案:D,A/B/C中 “ay”读 [e ],D中 “ay”读 [ ])4. A. great B. bread C. ready D. head(答案:A,B/C/D中 “ea”读 [e],A中 “ea”读 [e ])5. A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby(答案:B,A/C/D中 “ear”读 [ ],B中 “ear”读 [e ])6. A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot(答案:A,B/C/D中 “oo”读 [u:],A中 “oo”读 [u])三、根据音标写单词1. /'kwest n/ — question2. /'helθ / — healthy3. /'ri: l / — really4. /'h b t/ — habit5. /'t k n/ — chicken6. /'k r t/ — carrot7. /'ved t bl/ — vegetable8. /'b :(r)θde / — birthday9. /bred/ — bread10. /ra t/ — right21 世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台英语音标辨音学科 英语 年级 六年级小升初知识点 掌握音标正确读音与拼读规则; 熟悉元音、辅音字组在不同音节中的发音; 学会辨音题解题方法。教学目标 能准确判断单词划线部分发音异同; 提高信息筛选与口头表达能力; 掌握面谈基本仪态。教学重难点 重点:元音、辅音字组发音规则;辨音题解题方法运用。 难点 同一字母 / 字母组在不同场景的发音差异;非重读音节中元音的弱读现象。单词辨音解题方法分类选择法:将选项中划线部分发音相同的单词归为一类,排除不同类的选项(适用于 “找出发音不同的一项” 题型)。例:选项 A. cook、B. room、C. food、D. shoot,“oo” 在 A 中读 [u],在 B、C、D 中读 [u:],故 A 为答案。对照选择法:逐一对比题干中单词与选项单词的划线部分发音,结合发音规则判断是否一致(适用于 “判断发音是否相同” 题型)。例:判断 “first” 与 “her” 划线部分发音,均为 [ :],故打 “√”。分类排列法:将多个单词按划线部分发音分类,梳理发音规律,辅助判断(适用于多单词辨音练习)。例:将 “grass、class、ask、bag” 按 “a” 的发音分为 [ɑ:](grass、class、ask)和 [ ](bag)两类。解题核心思路:先明确题目考查的是 “单个字母发音”“字母组发音” 还是 “重音 / 音节”,再定位对应发音规则,结合例词对比判断。核心发音规则与例词梳理一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词a 开音节:[e ] name, plane, Jane, baby, cake闭音节:[ ] bag, dad, hat, map, black, backe 开音节:[i:] he, these, me, Chinese闭音节:[e] bed, let, pen, desk, yesi 开音节:[a ] bike, drive, time, nice, kite闭音节:[ ] fish, big, drink, sit, milk, swimo 开音节:[ ] those, close, go, home, no闭音节:[ ] clock, not, box, shop, socku 开音节:[ju:] student, excuse, duty, Tuesday闭音节:[ ] bus, cup, jump, much, lunch【注意】:开音节中,元音字母 u 在 j、l、r、s 后读 [u:],如 June, blue, ruler, super。巩固练习下列单词中 “a” 读 [ ] 的是 ( )A. name B. plane C. bag D. cake“he” 中 “e” 的读音是 ( )A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]“bike” 中 “i” 读 ( )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]下列单词中 “o” 读 [ ] 的是 ( )A. clock B. not C. those D. box“bus” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( )A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音字母 读音 例词a [ ] China, another, woman, breakfast[ ] orange, village, cabbagee [ ] hundred, student, open, weekend[ ] chicken, pocket, begini [ ]/[ ] holiday, beautiful, family, animal[a ] exercise, satelliteo [ ] second, tonight, somebody, welcome[ ] also, zero, photou [ ] autumn, difficult[ju:] popular, congratulation, January【注意】:动词中 a 处于开音节位置时读 [e ],如 operate;u 在 j、l、r、s 后且处于开音节时读 [u (:)],如 July, influence。巩固练习“China” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]“hundred” 中 “e” 读 ( )A. [e] B. [i:] C. [ ] D. [ ]“holiday” 中 “i” 的读音可能是 ( )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]“also” 中 “o” 读 ( )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]“popular” 中 “u” 的读音是 ( )A. [ju:] B. [ ] C. [u:] D. [ ]三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音字母 特殊场景 读音 例词a 在 [w] 音后 [ ] want, what, watch, wash, quality在 f、n、sk、ph、sp、ss、st、th 前 [ɑ:] after, plant, graph, ask, grasp, glass, fast, fatheri 在 - nd、-ld、-gh 前 [a ] find, child, light, higho 在 - st、-ld 前 [ ] most, old, cold, postcard在 m、n、v、th 前 [ ] come, monkey, love, mother巩固练习“want” 中 “a” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]“after” 中 “a” 读 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ɑ:]“find” 中 “i” 的读音是 ( )A. [a ] B. [ ] C. [e] D. [ ]“old” 中 “o” 读 ( )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]“come” 中 “o” 的读音是 ( )A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ] D. [ ]四、-r 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音字组 读音 例词ar 一般情况 [ɑ:]在 [w] 后 [ :]or 一般情况 [ :]在 [w] 后 [ :]er/ir/ur [ :] certainly, bird, Thursday【注意】:辅音字母 r 双写时,前面元音按重读闭音节规则发音,如 carry, sorry, hurry;-r 音节在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 dollar, teacher, forget, Saturday。巩固练习“car” 中 “ar” 的读音是 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“warm” 中 “ar” 读 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“morning” 中 “or” 的读音是 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“worker” 中 “or” 读 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]“bird” 中 “ir” 的读音是 ( )A. [ɑ:] B. [ :] C. [ :] D. [ ]五、-re 音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词are [e ] care, dare, hareere [ ] here, mereire [a ] fire, hire, wireore [ :] more, score, before, shore, boreure [ju: ] pure, cure【注意】:ure 在非重读音节中读 [ ],如 picture, pleasure;重读元音字母加 r 再加非重读元字组时,按 - re 音节拼读,如 parent, zero, story。巩固练习“care” 中 “are” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“here” 中 “ere” 读 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“fire” 中 “ire” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“more” 中 “ore” 读 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ :]“pure” 中 “ure” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [ ] C. [a ] D. [ju: ]六、常见元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组 读音 例词ai/ay [e ] afraid, rain, wait, day, playair [e ] air, hair, chair, pair, repairal [ :l] always, also, salt, almost, small, ball, talk, wall, all[ɑ:] half, calm, palmau/aw [ :] autumn, daughter, drawea [i:] teach, easy, cheap, please[e] heavy, bread, sweater, weather[e ] break, greatear [ ] hear, dear, near, clear, year[e ] bear, pear, wear[ :] earth, learn, earlyee [i:] jeep, week, green, threeeer [ ] pioneer, deer, beerei/ey [e ] eight, neighbour, they[i:] either, keyeu/ew [u:] flew, brew在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju:]ie/ei [i:] piece, field, receiveoa [ ] coat, Joan, boat, goaloar/oor [ :] roar, board, door, flooroi/oy [ ] noise, point, boy, toiletoo [u:] broom, food, tooth, school[u] book, look, cook, foot, goodou/ow [a ] flower, house, count, down[ ] know, row, throw, though[ ] young, country, enough[u:] group, you, soupour [ :] course, your, four[a ] our, hour, ours[ :] journeyui [u:] juice, fruit, suit在 j、l、r、s 后 [ju: ]巩固练习“rain” 中 “ai” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“hair” 中 “air” 读 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“always” 中 “al” 的读音是 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“half” 中 “al” 读 ( )A. [e ] B. [e ] C. [ :l] D. [ɑ:]“teach” 中 “ea” 的读音是 ( )A. [i:] B. [e] C. [e ] D. [ ](七)辅音字组的读音辅音字组 读音 例词b [b] bike, bus, bag不发音 bomb, tombc [k] cake, picture, coat, music在 e、i、y 前 [s]ch [t ] much, chick, rich, teacher[k] school, headache, chemistry[ ] machine-ck [k] cock, pocket, black, knockd [d] doctor, bread, hand, day-dge [d ] bridge, fridgedr- [dr] children, driver, drinkf [f] five, four, breakfast-ds [dz] stands, floods, goodsg [g] bag, garden, go在 e、i、y 前 [d ]gh [f] cough, enough不发音 light, daughter, highgu-/-gue 非重读音节中 [g][gw] language, anguishh [h] hot, head, house, hand不发音 hour, honestj [d ] jeep, jar, joke, join, Julyk [k] kind, bike, skate, makekn- [n] knife, know, knockl [l] life, milk, school, tallm [m] monkey, come, autumn-mn [m] autumn, columnn [n] not, shine, ten, note在 [k]/[g] 前 [ ]-ng [ ] morning, young, wrongp [p] paper, plane, pig, ship, penph [f] elephant, photo, telephoneq [k] Iraqqu- [kw] quality, quiter [r] red, rubber, rulers 词首 / 清辅音前 [s]元音间 / 浊辅音前 [z]sc- [sk] Scarlet, school[s] muscle, sciencesh [ ] she, fish, shirt, washt 通常情况 [t]弱读 ia/ie/io 前 [ ]tch [t ] watch, kitchenth 通常情况 [θ]冠词 / 代词 / 介词 / 连词中 [ ]词尾 - the/-ther 中 [ ]tr- [tr] tree, train, country, truckts [ts] sports, partsv [v] very, voice, love, leavew [w] week, win, wake, sweet, wait不发音 answer, twowh- 在 o 前 [w][h] who, whose, wholex 重读元音前 [ks][gz] example, exist, exactwr- [r] writey- [j] yes, yard, yellow, youngz [z] puzzle, zero, zoo巩固练习“bike” 中 “b” 的读音是 ( )A. [b] B. 不发音 C. [k] D. [s]“cake” 中 “c” 读 ( )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]“face” 中 “c” 的读音是 ( )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]“much” 中 “ch” 读 ( )A. [t ] B. [k] C. [ ] D. [d]“pocket” 中 “ck” 的读音是 ( )A. [b] B. [k] C. [s] D. [t ]八、重读音节、开音节与闭音节1.重读音节:单词中读音最响亮的音节,双音节 / 多音节词需用重读符号标注(单音节词默认重读),如 el-e-phant(倒数第三音节重读)、sci-en-tif-ic(-ic 前音节重读)。2.开音节: 绝对开音节:辅音 + 元音(单个元音字母后无辅字组),如 no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent; 相对开音节:辅音 + 元音 + 辅音(r 除外)+ 不发音 e,如 name, these, bike, home。3.闭音节:单个元音字母后有辅字组(r/w/y 除外),且以辅字组结尾,如 bag, egg, fish, not, cup。巩固练习单音节词 ( )无需重读 B. 通常是重读音节C. 没有读音 D. 读音最微弱绝对开音节的结构是 ( )辅音 + 元音 B. 元音 + 辅音C. 辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 D. 元音 + 辅音 + 元音相对开音节中末尾的 e ( )A. 发音 B. 不发音 C. 读 [e] D. 读 [ ]下列属于闭音节单词的是 ( )A. cake B. bed C. bike D. no多音节词标重读符号是为了 ( )好看 B. 明确读音最响亮的音节C. 方便书写 D. 区分词性九、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组 读音 例词ai/ay 、ei/ey [ ] Sunday foreign monkeyow [ u] yellow sparrow tomorrowou、ui [ ]/ [ ]。 neighbour serious famous biscuit-sion、 -tion [∫n] impression nation-sion 在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion-tion 在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle castle-sure [ ] pleasure measure-ture [t∫ ] picture culture十、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如: everyday [e ] handbag [ ] blackboard [ :]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳 + day[e ]日子 > Sunday[ ] 星期天break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ ] 早餐cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] > cupboard[ ] 碗柜常用音标单词汇总[ɑ:] grass ,class ,ask ,after, farm far farther park[ ] young some ,come, brother,mother bus , sun ,but[ :] warm for morning short sport horse all , walk[ ] hot , stop , clock, want ,what, watch , wash[ :] learn early her work bird girl birthday shirt skirt third first turn nurse Thursday[ ] brother father mother sister teacher number after flower doctor visitor mirror[ ] cat ,black ,glad[e] head sweater breakfast ready bread heavy bed , left , help[i:] peach beach each please read teacher teach eat seat tea meat ice- cream mean see three green sweet tree need street sweep weekend these , he, she, we[i] big ,milk ,think give ,live[u:] food school too zoo cool room noodle afternoon soon balloon spoon moon cartoon whose[ ] cook foot football classroom bedroom bathroom look good goodbye book should would[θ]mouth think thin thank bathroom three third[ ] brother father mother the this these that those they them their then with there[d] dish deal[t] team tin[t ] chair , China[ ] shirt , shoes sure辨音题汇总练习一、判断划线部分发音是否相同(相同打 “√”,不同打 “×”)first — her ( )fifth — there ( )today — Saturday ( )say — says ( )eat — keep ( )April — May ( )look — cartoon ( )blow — touch ( )二、找出划线部分发音不同的选项A. must B. public C. question D. cup ( )A. danger B. her C. litter D. mother ( )A. stay B. away C. today D. Saturday ( )A. great B. bread C. ready D. head ( )A. dear B. bear C. here D. nearby ( )A. cook B. room C. food D. shoot ( )三、根据音标写单词/'kwest n/ — ( )/'helθ / — ( )/'ri: l / — ( )/'h b t/ — ( )/'t k n/ —( )/'k r t/ — ( )/'ved t bl/ — ( )/'b :(r)θde / — ( )/bred/ — ( )/ra t/ — ( )21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 小升初英语题型分类讲义—辨音题学案.docx 小升初英语题型分类讲义—辨音题学案.pdf 小升初英语题型分类讲义—辨音题教案.docx 小升初英语题型分类讲义—辨音题教案.pdf