资源简介

(共134张PPT)
主题概述
本主题聚焦全球的自然地貌、气候特征、资源分布以及当前面临的环境挑战，旨在引导学生拓宽国际视野，认识人类活动对地理环境的深刻影响，培养其环保意识和可持续发展的理念，促进学生树立全球公民意识和责任感
主题单词
子话题1　地理特征
1. altitude n.海拔
2. latitude n.纬度
3. longitude n.经度
4. pole n.极点
polar adj.极地的，来自极地的
5. island n.岛屿
6. gulf n.海湾
7. strait n.海峡
8. reef n.礁
9. shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的
10. stream n.溪流 v.在线收看
11. pond n.池塘
12. cliff n.悬崖
13. basin n.盆地；盆；流域；泊船处
14. range n.山脉；一系列；范围vi.包括；（在一定范围内）变化
15. peak n.山峰
16. jungle n.丛林
17. rainforest n.雨林
18. tunnel n.隧道；地道
19. edge n.边；边缘；刀刃；优势； v.（使）徐徐移动
20. cover v.盖；覆盖；包括 n.掩护；掩饰；封皮；罩子
21. abandon v.抛弃；离弃，放弃；中止； 陷入，沉湎于（某种感情） n.放任，放纵
abandoned adj.被放弃的，被遗弃的；放纵的
22. owe vt.欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于；归因于
23. tend vi.趋向，倾向；往往会 vi.& vt.照料，照管
tendency n.倾向；趋势
prise v.包括；构成，组成
25. subscribe v.订阅，订购；赞成，同意；报名；购买
26. spare adj.备用的；多余的；空闲的 v.抽出（时间、金钱等）；饶 恕；赦免 n.备用品
子话题2　气候与天气
1. climate n.气候
2. temperature n.温度；气温
3. fog n.雾
foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
4. frost n.霜
5. mist n.薄雾
misty adj.多雾的；被雾笼罩的；模糊的
6. tropical adj.热带的
7. freeze v.（使）结冰；冷冻（食物等）；严寒；冻僵
freezing adj.极冷的；冰点以下的
8. damp adj.潮湿的
9. mild adj.温和的
10. forecast n.&v.预报
11. breeze n.微风
12. storm n.暴风雨
stormy adj.暴风雨的， 暴风雨般的
13. lightning n.闪电
14. thunder n.雷，雷声 v.打雷； 发出雷鸣般的响声；轰隆隆地移动
thunderous adj.雷鸣般的， 多雷的
15. rainbow n.彩虹
子话题3　国家、地区及其他
（一）国家与地区
1. nation n.国家；民族
national adj.国家的；民族的；国有的 n.国民
2. state n.国家；州；状态 v.陈述；公布
3. racial adj.种族的；人种的
4. Canada n.加拿大
5. Australia n.澳大利亚
6. Atlantic adj.在大西洋的，近大西洋的 n.大西洋
7. Britain n.不列颠，英国
8. Germany n.德国
9. France n.法国
10. Italy n.意大利
11. Russia n.俄罗斯
12. India n.印度
13. Brazil n.巴西
14. Singapore n.新加坡
15. Thailand n.泰国
16. Spain n.西班牙
17. Egypt n.埃及
18. Asia n.亚洲
19. Europe n.欧洲
20. Africa n.非洲
21. Antarctica n.南极洲
（二）其他
1. border n.边界
2. boundary n.边界，分界线
3. citizen n.公民
4. civil adj.公民的；民事的；国内的；文明的
civilian n.平民，老百姓adj.平民的，民用的
civilisation n.文明（社会）
5. council n.委员会，理事会
6. overseas adj.外国的，海外的 adv.在国外，在海外
7. international adj.国际的
8. develop v.成长；发展；开发；研制；养成习惯；患病；冲洗 （胶片）
developed adj.发达的
developing adj.发展中的
development n.发展；开发
9. republic n.共和国，共和政体
10. region n.地区
11. zone n.地带；区域
12. district n.区，区域，地区
13. autonomous adj.自治的；有自治权的；自主的；有自主权的
14. province n.省
15. county n.县；郡
16. suburb n.郊区
17. rural adj.农村的
18. royal adj.王室的；皇家的；庄严的 n.王室成员
19. dam n.大坝
20. rough adj.崎岖的；粗糙的；粗略的
roughly adv.粗糙地；粗略地
主题短语
1. be located in 位于
2. be surrounded by 被……环绕
3. be rich in 富含；盛产
4. suffer from 遭受；受……之苦
5. be affected by 受……影响
6. lead to 导致；造成
7. contribute to 导致；促成；有助于
11. take measures 采取措施
12. make use of 利用
8. adapt to 适应
9. focus on 关注；集中于
10. deal with 处理；应对
主题语块
1. natural disasters 自然灾害
2. extreme weather 极端天气
3. sea level rise 海平面上升
4. mountain ranges 山脉
5. river basins 河流流域
6. coastal areas 沿海地区
7. tropical rainforests 热带雨林
8. desert regions 沙漠地区
9. natural resources 自然资源
10. renewable energy 可再生能源
主题佳句
高考必背写作佳句
1. 句型公式：even though/if 引导让步状语从句
Life is a tough journey，to some extent，where you still smile even though you are occasionally hurt.（主旨升华）
在某种程度上，生活是一段艰难的旅程，即使你偶尔受到伤害，你仍 然要微笑面对。
2. 句型公式：as if/though从句中的虚拟语气
I simply stood there dumbfounded as if my feet had been rooted to the ground.
我只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，好像我的脚已经扎根在地上了。
基础知识巩固集训（一）　默写训练
Ⅰ.单词默写
1. n.岛屿
2. n.雨林
3. v.订阅，订购；赞成，同意；报名；购买
4. n.气候
5. n.温度；气温
6. n.国家；州；状态 v.陈述；公布
7. adj.种族的；人种的
8. n.公民
island　
rainforest　
subscribe　
climate　
temperature　
state　
racial　
citizen　
9. adj.国际的
10. n.&v.预报
11. n.省
12. n.海拔
13. n.海峡
14. n.礁
15. n.悬崖
16. n.盆地；盆；流域；泊船处
17. n.山峰
18. n.丛林
international　
forecast　
province　
altitude　
strait　
reef　
cliff　
basin　
peak　
jungle　
Ⅱ.派生单词默写
1. pole n.极点
adj.极地的，来自极地的
2. mist n.薄雾
adj.多雾的，被雾笼罩的；模糊的
3. freeze v.（使）结冰；冷冻（食物等）；严寒；冻僵
adj.极冷的；冰点以下的
4. storm n.暴风雨
adj.暴风雨的，暴风雨般的
polar　
misty　
freezing　
stormy　
5. develop v.成长；发展；开发；研制；养成习惯；患病；冲洗 （胶片）
adj.发达的
adj.发展中的
n.发展；开发
developed　
developing　
development　
Ⅲ.短语/语块默写
1. 　被……环绕
2. 　遭受；受……之苦
3. 　受……影响
4. 　导致；促成；有助于
5. 　适应
6. 　关注；集中于
7. 　自然灾害
8. 　极端天气
9. 　沿海地区
10. 　可再生能源
be surrounded by　
suffer from　
be affected by　
contribute to　
adapt to　
focus on　
natural disasters　
extreme weather　
coastal areas　
renewable energy　
even
though you are occasionally hurt　
as if my feet had been rooted to
the ground　
基础知识巩固集训（二）　语境运用
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. The pond looks quite （浅的）， but it’s actually deep enough for swimming in the middle.
2. Many teenagers prefer （在线收看） their favorite shows on their phones rather than watching traditional TV.
3. The survey covered students （包括） from elementary school to university level across the country.
shallow　
streaming　
ranging　
4. The small boat slowly （徐徐移动） closer to the shore as the storm clouds gathered overhead.
5. I （归功于） my success in learning English to my teacher’s patient guidance and encouragement.
6. The research team was （由……组成） of experts from different universities and research institutions.
edged　
owe　
comprised　
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The old factory was left （abandon） after the company moved to a new location.
2. There is a growing （tend） among consumers to choose environmentally friendly products.
3. The mountain roads become dangerous to drive on during （fog） weather conditions.
4. The crowd gave the winning team a （thunder） round of applause.
5. The （nation） anthem was played before the start of the football match.
abandoned　
tendency　
foggy　
thunderous　
national　
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. Our city ， so it has abundant water resources and fertile land.
我们的城市位于长江流域，因此拥有丰富的水资源和肥沃的土地。
2. This region ， attracting many international energy companies to invest here.
这个地区富含石油和天然气，吸引了许多国际能源公司前来投资。
is located in the Yangtze River basin　
is rich in oil and natural gas　
take measures to protect our
precious natural resources　
make full use of renewable energy sources　
5. Only when can we achieve a balance between economic development and environmental protection.
只有当我们学会合理利用自然资源时，才能实现经济发展与环境保护 的平衡。
we learn to make reasonable use of natural resources　
range n.山脉；一系列；范围 vi.包括；（在一定范围内）变化
练通 单句语法填空
①The Himalayas， （range） across several countries， contain the world’s highest peaks.
②This national park offers wide range of outdoor activities for visitors.
③Temperatures in the desert range from 40 ℃ during the day below freezing at night.
ranging　
a　
to　
写美 微写作
④This new column will that students from different backgrounds can relate to.（2025·全国一卷）
这个新栏目将提供广泛的引人入胜的内容，不同背景的学生都能产生 共鸣。
offer a wide range of engaging content　
用法
range from ...to ...　　从……到……范围
range across　　横跨；涵盖
a wide range of 　　　　各种各样的；大范围的
in/within range　　在范围内
beyond the range of　　超出……的范围
佳句 His artistic talents ranged from painting to sculpture， making him a truly versatile creator. （人物描写）
他的艺术天赋从绘画到雕塑，使他成为一个真正多才多艺的创作者。
积累
mountain range 山脉
price range 价格范围
abandon v.抛弃；离弃，放弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于（某种感情） n.放任，放纵→abandoned adj.被放弃的，被遗弃的；放纵的
练通 单句语法填空
①Many （abandon） villages can be found in remote mountainous areas.
②She abandoned herself grief after losing her beloved companion.
abandoned　
to　
写美 微写作
③I hope you writing the article about Canadian sports. （2025·全国二卷）
我希望您没有放弃写关于加拿大体育运动文章的想法。
haven’t abandoned the idea of　
用法
abandon oneself to 　　沉湎于；放纵于
with abandon 　　放纵地；尽情地
佳句 ①Climate change has forced many coastal communities to abandon their traditional settlements.
气候变化迫使许多沿海社区放弃了他们的传统居住地。
②She danced with abandon， her joy infectious to everyone around her. （动作描写）
她尽情地舞蹈，她的快乐感染了周围的每一个人。
owe vt.欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于；归因于
练通 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The region’s fertile soil owes its richness centuries of volcanic activity.
②He his rude behavior at the family gathering.
他在家庭聚会上的粗鲁行为欠我一个道歉。
to　
owes me an apology for　
owe it to you that they can
gain such fascinating insights　
用法
owe ...to ...　　 把……归功于……
owe sb an apology 　　欠某人一个道歉
owe it to sb to do　　有义务为某人做某事
owe sb a debt of gratitude 　　欠某人一份感激之情
佳句 I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.（人物介绍）
我把我的成功归功于我的社会老师，她是我在写作道路上的人生 灯塔。
tend vi.趋向，倾向；往往会 vi.& vt.照料，照管→tendency n.倾 向；趋势
练通 单句语法填空
①Coastal areas tend （have）milder temperatures due to the moderating effect of the ocean.
②She has a （tend） to worry too much about things beyond her control.
to have　
tendency　
写美 微写作
③Students that allows them to share their own experiences. （2025·全国一卷）
学生们往往更喜欢能让他们分享自己经历的互动内容。
tend to prefer interactive content　
用法
tend to do 　 往往会；倾向于做
tend to/towards 　　趋向于
have a tendency to do　　有做某事的倾向
佳句 Great leaders tend to inspire others through their actions rather than their words. （人物品质）
伟大的领导者往往通过行动而非言语来激励他人。
积累
show a tendency 表现出倾向
tend the garden/animals 照料花园/动物
subscribe v.订阅，订购；赞成，同意；报名；购买→subscription 订阅；订阅费→subscriber 订阅者；用户
练通 完成句子
①More and more people rather than traditional newspapers.
越来越多的人订阅在线新闻服务而不是传统报纸。
subscribe to online news services　
subscribe to the idea of adding more
interactive content　
用法
subscribe to 　　　订阅；赞成，同意
subscribe for 　　申请购买
佳句 The renowned author never subscribed to the idea that talent alone determines success. （人物观点）
这位著名作家从不认同仅凭天赋就能决定成功的观念。
积累
subscribe to a magazine 订阅杂志
subscribe to a theory 赞同理论
monthly subscription 月度订阅
make use of 利用
练通 单句语法填空
①She decided to put her language skills good use by volunteering as a translator for refugees.
②We should make full use renewable resources to protect the environment.
to　
of　
to make the
most of each day　
用法
make full/good use of 　　　充分/好好利用
make the most of 　　充分利用
make better use of　　更好地利用
put ...to good use 　　好好利用……
佳句 Coastal communities have learned to make use of tidal energy as a sustainable power source. （地理环境）
沿海社区已经学会利用潮汐能作为可持续能源。
写作靓词——读后续写小妙招
freeze vi.结冰；（使）冻住；（因害怕等）停住不动；惊呆；吓呆vt. 使定格
frozen adj.吓呆；惊呆；冻僵的；冻住的；结冰的；冷藏的
佳句背诵
①I heard his scream and felt my blood freeze. 我听到他的尖叫声，觉得 自己的血液都凝固了。
stood frozen on the
stage　
敲黑板
①be frozen with ... 因……而吓呆/惊呆
②（be） frozen with shock 惊呆了（状态）
③freeze with shock 惊呆了（动作）
写作佳句——应用文写作与读后续写佳句仿写
句型公式：even though/if引导让步状语从句
点拨 even though/if引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，语气比 though/although更强烈，强调对比和转折关系。从句可以位于主句前 或后，用来表达在某种不利条件下仍然坚持或发生的情况。
背诵 Even though the weather was terrible， we decided to continue our hiking trip.
尽管天气很糟糕，我们还是决定继续我们的徒步旅行。
Even though we faced many challenges　
even if it rains
heavily　
句型公式：as if/though从句中的虚拟语气
点拨 as if/though引导方式状语从句，当表示与事实相反的假设时，从 句用虚拟语气。对现在情况的虚拟用过去时（be动词用were），对过 去情况的虚拟用过去完成时。
背诵 She looked at me as if/though I were a stranger， though we had been friends for years. （人际关系）
她看着我，好像我是个陌生人，尽管我们已经是多年的朋友了。
as if/though he had lived there
himself　
as if/though she were a professional singer　
Ⅰ.多义词汇
赏句猜义，选出加蓝单词的正确意思
1. edge
A. n.边；边缘　 B. n.刀刃 C. n.优势　 D. v.（使）徐徐移动
①The knife has a very sharp edge， so please handle it with care.
②She slowly edged closer to the door without making any noise.
B　
D　
③Our team has a competitive edge because of our advanced technology.
④The ball rolled to the edge of the table and almost fell off.
C　
A　
A. n.边；边缘　 B. n.刀刃 C. n.优势　 D. v.（使）徐徐移动
2. cover
A. v.盖　　 B. v.包括；涉及　　　C. v.报道 D. n.掩护　　
E. n.封皮
①The newspaper will cover the election results in tomorrow’s edition.
②Please cover the pot to keep the soup warm during dinner.
③The insurance policy covers damage from fire， theft， and natural disasters.
C　
A　
B　
④The book’s colorful cover immediately caught my attention in the store.
⑤The soldiers used the trees as cover while advancing toward the enemy.
E　
D　
A. v.盖　　 B. v.包括；涉及　　　C. v.报道 D. n.掩护　　
E. n.封皮
3. spare
A. adj.备用的　　B. adj.多余的 C. adj.空闲的　
D. v.抽出（时间、金钱等） E. v.饶恕；赦免　　F. n.备用品
①I always keep a spare key under the flower pot by the door.
②Could you spare a few minutes to help me with this problem？
③The judge decided to spare the young criminal from a harsh sentence.
④What do you usually do in your spare time on weekends？
A　
D　
E　
C　
⑤We have some spare chairs if you need extra seating for the party.
⑥The mechanic replaced the flat tire with the spare from the trunk.
B　
F　
A. adj.备用的　　B. adj.多余的 C. adj.空闲的　
D. v.抽出（时间、金钱等） E. v.饶恕；赦免　　F. n.备用品
4. develop
A. v.成长；发展　 B. v.开发；研制 C. v.养成（习惯）　
D. v.患（病） E. v.冲洗（胶片）
①The company is working hard to develop a new smartphone model.
②Children develop both physically and mentally as they grow up.
③He developed a serious illness after working in the polluted environment.
B　
A　
D　
④She developed the habit of reading before bed when she was young.
⑤The photographer went to the darkroom to develop the film rolls.
C　
E　
A. v.成长；发展　 B. v.开发；研制 C. v.养成（习惯）　
D. v.患（病） E. v.冲洗（胶片）
Ⅱ.构词法
构词法 词根audi， audit＝hear 听
写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义
1. The theater’s audience clapped loudly after the amazing performance ended tonight.
2. The restaurant’s music was barely audible over the noise of conversation.
3. Our school’s auditorium can seat five hundred students for special assembly programs.
n.观众　
adj.可听见的　
n.礼堂　
4. Modern cars have excellent audio systems that play music from phones.
5. Doctors study the auditory system to understand how people hear sounds.
adj.音频的　
adj.听觉的　
应用文写作（推荐信——中国著名景点）
　　根据提示，用本主题词汇和句式完成下面的写作。
　　假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom计划来中国旅游，想了解中国 的著名景点。他在邮件中提到想去北京或西安，请你给他回一封邮件 推荐其中一个城市。内容包括：（1）你的推荐；（2）推荐理由； （3）旅游建议。
　　I’m delighted to hear that you’re planning a trip to China. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　
　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　
range from ancient wonders to modern
sights　
owes its
fame to　
as if you were transported back to ancient
China　
4. （往往会感到惊奇） by the historical significance of every corner.5. （尽管北京有它自己的魅力；让步状语从句）， Xi’an offers a more concentrated historical experience.
tend to
be amazed　
Even though Beijing has its own charm　
　　I suggest you 6. （更好地利用你 的时间） by booking guided tours in advance.The local food， especially the famous noodles， is also not to be missed.
　　Looking forward to hearing about your amazing journey！
Yours，
Li Hua
make better use of your time　
学会构思
首段——开篇点题
表达收到朋友来信的喜悦，并明确推荐西安作为旅游目的地。
中段——展开论述
详细阐述推荐西安的理由：
①景点丰富；
②历史价值；
③体验独特；
④游客反响；
⑤优势对比。
尾段——总结重申
提供实用的旅游建议，并表达对朋友旅程的期待。
读后续写[女儿比赛＋动作细节描写：哭泣（二）]
（一）语料积累——动作细节描写：哭泣（二）
单 词 1.misty adj.泪眼模糊的　
2.watery adj.眼泪汪汪的　
3.tearful adj.含泪的　
4.swim v.打转
语 块 1.be filled with/be full of tears 热泪盈眶
2.be blurred with tears 泪眼模糊
3.cloud one’s eyes 模糊了某人的眼睛
4.one’s eyes flooded with/full of tears of gratitude 某人眼里充满 了感激的泪水
5.pour down one’s face uncontrollably 不受控制地从某人脸上流 下来
6.be close to tears 快哭了
7.unable to hold back tears of excitement 抑制不住激动的眼泪
8.wipe one’s wet cheeks 擦了擦某人湿润的脸颊
佳 句 1.When she received the college acceptance letter， her eyes became misty with tears of relief.
收到大学录取通知书时，她的眼睛因如释重负的泪水而变得
朦胧。
2.Watching the children at graduation， the teacher smiled with watery eyes full of pride.
看着毕业典礼上的孩子们，老师带着自豪的泪水微笑着。
3.After hearing the touching story， the audience looked at the speaker with tearful eyes.
听到这个感人的故事后，观众眼含热泪地看着演讲者。
（二）学以致用——完成续写语段
　　根据提示，用本主题词汇和以上续写语料完成下面的写作。
　　前情介绍：“我”在观众席观看女儿的百米决赛，她一直刻苦训 练，这是她第一次参加重要比赛。
as if I were dreaming　
A wide range of emotions　
were filled with tears　
was blurred with tears　
clouded my eyes　
unable to hold back tears of
excitement　
学会构思
女儿第一个冲过终点线
↓
“我”惊愕地看着，感觉如梦似幻
↓
各种情绪涌上心头
↓
从热泪盈眶到泪眼模糊，
再到抑制不住激动的眼泪
↓
直到听到宣布才相信这是真的
（分值：22.5分， 限时：15分钟）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
〔英国风情——英国值得一游的四个特色小镇〕
　　（2025·全国二卷）
English Market Towns to Visit in the UK
　　English market towns come in many shapes and sizes.Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.But each town has more to do than shop.
　　Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189.Skirting the town square， you’ll find lovely shops， eateries， and the Black and White House Museum.The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town.It’s also home to an ancient library.One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there.
　　
　　Hereford， Herefordshire
　　Ludlow， Shropshire
Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England.Butcher shops， greengrocers， bakeries， and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square， the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September.
　　Shrewsbury， Shropshire
Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety.The River Severn has a significant turn through town， almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.Flowers are everywhere — hanging baskets， window boxes， and planters — just what you imagine in an attractive English market town.
　 Mevagissey， Cornwall
Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey， you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show.The working harbor （港口） took shape in 1774.Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie.It’s delicious.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个特色集 镇，每个集镇均以市场贸易为核心，同时具备独特的历史文化特色 或自然景观。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个特色集
镇，每个集镇均以市场贸易为核心，同时具备独特的历史文化特色
或自然景观。
1. Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta？（　　）
A. In the Ludlow Castle.
B. In the Foodie Center of England.
C. In the Hereford Cathedral.
D. In the Black and White House Museum.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Hereford， Herefordshire部分最后三句 可知，《大宪章》的原件展示在赫里福德大教堂。
√
2. What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center？（　　）
A. It’s situated near a big island.
B. It’s almost surrounded by water.
C. It’s known for its flower festival.
D. It’s easily accessible from London.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury， Shropshire部分第二句可 知，塞文河在镇里有一个显著的大转弯，几乎使什鲁斯伯里镇中心成 为一个岛屿，也就是说，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。
√
3. What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey？（　　）
A. Try the Cornish pie.
B. Watch a British TV show.
C. Go fishing in the sea.
D. Take pictures of the harbor.
解析：　细节理解题。根据Mevagissey， Cornwall部分最后两句可 知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西尝试传统的康沃尔馅饼。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
〔美国地理状况——美国国家公园系统〕
　　（2024·全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend 4. 　　 （catch） our attention because of their large size and variety.They are 5. 　　 （treasure） of American heritage （遗产）.How did the national park system come about？
　　On a cool， starry night in mid-September 1870， four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 6. 　　 is now northwestern Wyoming.They 7. 　　 （be） part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
　　What should 8. 　　 （do） with such a beautiful place？ They wondered out loud.This area， with 9. 　　 （it） unique and breathtaking natural beauty， must be well preserved 10. 　　 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.They all agreed and vowed （承诺） to promote the idea at the 11. 　　 （complete） of their journey.Their promotional work paid off.Two years later， 18 years before Wyoming became a state， Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world.Yellowstone was the 12.
（large） United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska， 13. 　　 became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国国家公园系统的起 源。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国国家公园系统的
起源。
4. to catch　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语 tend，空处应用非谓语。tend to do sth表示“往往会做某事”，为固定 用法。故填to catch。
5. treasures　考查名词复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知，空处应 用名词复数，故填treasures。
6. what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且 在宾语从句中作主语，故填what。
7. were　考查时态和主谓一致。根据文章时态可知，此处描述过去的 情况，应用一般过去时；主语是They，be动词应用复数形式。故填 were。
8. be done　考查语态。主语What与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语 态；空前的should是情态动词，其后用动词原形。故填be done。
9. its　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词beauty， 应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
10. for　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，应用for。
11. completion　考查词形转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处 应用名词，故填completion。
12. largest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的the以及语境可知，空 处应用形容词的最高级，表示“最大的”。
13. which　考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定 语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias。故填 which。
〔词汇积累〕
阅 读 理 解 harbor n.港口
border v.与……接壤（词性活用）
fisherman n.渔夫（合成词：fisher＋man）
be home to 是……的所在地
take shape 成形；形成
working adj.工作的→adj.运转中的（文章义）
stronghold n.要塞，堡垒（合成词：strong＋hold）
challenging adj.有挑战性的[派生词：challenge（去e）＋-ing]
语 法 填 空 heritage n.遗产
campfire n.篝火（合成词：camp＋fire）
monument n.纪念碑
catch one’s attention 引起某人的注意
in particular 尤其，特别
come about 产生，发生breathtaking adj.惊人的
awesome adj.令人惊叹的；奇妙的（派生词：awe＋-some）
promotional adj.推广的（派生词：promotion＋-al）
in witness of 见证
wonder out loud 大声说出疑惑
take the honors 获得荣誉
A
　　On the streets of Manhattan and Washington， DC， in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris， ginkgo （银杏） trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop， gradual at first， and then sudden， carpets streets with golden， fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later， a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
　　Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota， scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic Period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It’s such a great evolutionary （进化） and cultural story，” says Peter Crane， a ginkgo expert.
　　One theory for the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago， when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators （传粉者） than ginkgos. “It’s possible that
ginkgos were elbowed out of the way，” says Crane. Already competing to survive， ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11，000 years ago， the remaining survivors were found in China.
　　Ginkgo trees are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew，” Crane says. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgo find favor with humans 1，000 years ago. Once cleaned of their outer layer， ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It’s then， when the trees had long since
disappeared elsewhere， that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it’s seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution.
　　Crane isn’t worried about its future， though the popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access， it’s a plant that’s unlikely to ever go extinct，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了银杏树的历史、特 点、传播以及现状，同时探讨了银杏树面临的一些挑战和未来发展 的趋势。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了银杏树的历史、特
点、传播以及现状，同时探讨了银杏树面临的一些挑战和未来发展
的趋势。
1. What may have caused the further delay of ginkgo’s leaf drop？ （　　）
A. The colder weather in winter.
B. The protection from city councils.
C. The global warming phenomenon.
D. The careless interaction with humans.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Scientists are documenting ... a possible indication of climate change.可推知，全球变暖现象可能是导 致银杏落叶时间进一步推迟的原因。
√
2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？（　　）
A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out.
B. The advantages of ginkgos over other plants.
C. The theories of experts for multiplying ginkgos.
D. The competition between various flowering plants.
解析：　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述了银杏 树几乎灭绝的原因，包括与其他植物的竞争以及全球变冷等因素。
√
3. What might have contributed to ginkgos’ survival？（　　）
A. Their eatable seeds.
B. Their unpleasant smell.
C. The natural evolution.
D. The careful planting.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，银杏树能够生存下 来，部分原因是它们的种子可以被人类食用。
√
4. How does Crane feel about ginkgos’ future？（　　）
A. Worried. B. Optimistic.
C. Uncertain. D. Hopeless.
解析：　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，专家Crane对银杏树 的未来并不担心，认为这个物种的受欢迎程度将有助于它的生存。由 此推断，Crane对银杏树的未来是乐观的。
√
B
　　（2026·石家庄质检）A third of the Arctic’s tundra（北极冻 原）， forests and wetlands have become a source of carbon emissions （排放）， a new study has found， as global heating ends thousands of years of carbon storage.
　　For thousands of years， Arctic land ecosystems have acted as a deep-freeze， holding potential emissions in the tundra.But ecosystems in the region are releasing more CO2 into the atmosphere with rising temperatures， a study published in Nature Climate Change concluded.
　　More than 30％ of the region is a source of CO2， according to the analysis， rising to 40％ when emissions from wildfires are included.By using data from 200 study sites between 1990 and 2020， the research demonstrates how the Arctic’s tundra， forests and wetlands are being transformed by rapid warming.
　　The shift is occurring despite the Arctic becoming greener.“In one place where I work in Alaska， when the tundra unfreezes， the plants that absorb CO2 grow more， so you can sometimes get an uptick in carbon storage，” Sue Natalia， the lead researcher said.“But the tundra continues to unfreeze and the microbes （微生物） take over.You can visually see the changes in the landscape.”
　　There is a growing concern about the natural processes that regulate the Earth’s climate， which are being affected by rising temperatures.Together， the planet’s oceans， forests， soils and other natural carbon sinks absorb about half of all human emissions， but there are signs that these sinks are under stress. 　　
The Arctic ecosystem has been gathering carbon for thousands of years， helping cool the atmosphere.In a warming world， the researchers say， its carbon cycle is beginning to change and needs better monitoring.Dr Anna Virkkala， the author of the study， said， “The carbon in the Arctic soil is close to half of the Earth’s soil carbon pool，
much more than in the atmosphere.This huge pool should ideally stay in the ground.But now， rising temperatures are speeding the breakdown of plant and animal remains， which releases stored carbon back into the air as greenhouse gases like CO2， creating a cycle that fuels even more warming.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，因全球变暖，三分 之一的北极冻原、森林和湿地变为碳排放源。多年以来北极生态系 统扮演着储存碳的“深冷冻柜”角色，现因升温释放更多二氧化 碳。人们需要更好地监测北极的碳循环变化。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，因全球变暖，三分
之一的北极冻原、森林和湿地变为碳排放源。多年以来北极生态系
统扮演着储存碳的“深冷冻柜”角色，现因升温释放更多二氧化
碳。人们需要更好地监测北极的碳循环变化。
5. What’s the main reason for the release of carbon from Arctic soils？ （　　）
A. Tundra defrosting.
B. Wildfire erupting.
C. Tree over-cutting.
D. Wetland disappearing.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，北极的陆地生态系统 在过去几千年中一直是碳储存的“深冷冻柜”，但随着全球变暖，这 些生态系统正在释放更多的二氧化碳。由此可推知，冻原解冻是北极 土壤中碳释放的主要原因。
√
6. What does the underlined word “uptick” in paragraph 4 mean？ （　　）
A. Boost. B. Loss.
C. Limit. D. Release.
解析：　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句并结合常识可知，当冻原 解冻时，吸收二氧化碳的植物生长得更多，所以在这种情况下碳储存 量应该是有所“增加”。
√
7. What can we infer about the Arctic’s soil carbon pool according to Dr Anna Virkkala？（　　）
A. It has less carbon than the air.
B. It ought to be stored in the tundra.
C. It can break down organic matter.
D. It is less affected by global warming.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第六段中Anna Virkkala博士说的话可 知，Anna Virkkala认为北极土壤中的碳库巨大，理想情况下应该留在 地下，也就是应该被储存在冻原中。
√
8. What is the main idea of the text？（　　）
A. Arctic greening cuts carbon emissions.
B. More carbon is being released in Arctic.
C. Arctic carbon storage is growing rapidly.
D. Extreme climate makes Arctic inhabitable.
解析：　主旨大意题。文章阐述了随着全球变暖，北极生态系统的 变化导致更多碳被持续释放，所以文章主要是在说北极正在释放更多 的碳。
√
C
　　（2026·湖北联考）Gliding （滑行） down the Tambopata River in the Peruvian Amazon， I understand the luxury of being on a boat at night in the jungle. The air is thick with 35 ℃ heat and 99 percent humidity （湿度）. The constant breeze generated by our moving boat offers much-needed escape from the heat， while also keeping the endless mosquitoes at bay.
　　I am part of a team of five， led by Chris Ketola from Fauna Forever， a conservation NGO （non-governmental organization）. We’re here at night， when caimans （凯门鳄） are most active， to record any sighting and to catch one for crucial data such as body measurements. This will help us to learn more about caiman biology and assess population health to aid in the species’ conservation.
　　A massive shape appears in the current ahead. Our driver Pipi， blind from his back position， reacts instantly to Chris’s torch signals. The boat turns sharply， missing the log by inches. I let out a sigh of relief but everyone acts as if the near miss is simply part of the night’s routine. Moments later， the reflective eyes of a caiman catch Chris’s torchlight. We change our course， approaching slowly and quietly.
　　My love for the Amazon began during my 2017 visit to Tambopata， where I dreamed of documenting its unparalleled biodiversity. Now， with Fauna Forever， I’m living that dream.
　　Pipi cuts the engine and glides alongside a caiman， stopping about an arm’s length away. He slowly extends his hand above the reptile， pauses， and then plunges his hand into the water. Securing a hold on the animal， he pulls it out. “A juvenile white caiman，” he states， “about a year old.”
　　This is my first close-up look at a wild caiman and I’m in awe： its eyes， tiny white teeth and tough skin are beautiful and detailed. These animals reached evolutionary perfection millions of years ago and their unchanged shape since the time of dinosaurs reflects this.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者跟随非政府组织 Fauna Forever的团队，在秘鲁亚马孙地区的坦博帕塔河夜间乘船寻找 凯门鳄并进行研究的经历，旨在通过获取数据助力凯门鳄物种的保 护。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者跟随非政府组织
Fauna Forever的团队，在秘鲁亚马孙地区的坦博帕塔河夜间乘船寻
找凯门鳄并进行研究的经历，旨在通过获取数据助力凯门鳄物种的
保护。
9. Why does the author consider the boat trip in the jungle a luxury？ （　　）
A. The jungle tour reveals precious species.
B. He enjoys the great facilities on the boat.
C. It provides a rare relief in the harsh jungle.
D. The boat is the only way to reach caimans.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在恶劣的丛林环境中，乘 船时的微风能带来难得的凉爽并驱赶蚊虫，所以作者认为在丛林中乘 船旅行是一种难得的享受。
√
10. How do the others of the team react to nearly hitting the log in the water？（　　）
A. They treat it calmly without surprise.
B. They remind Pipi of potential threats.
C. They briefly pause for damage check.
D. They panic and suspend their journey.
解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，团队其他人对差点 撞上水中的原木表现得很平静，并不惊讶。
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11. Why does the author mention his 2017 visit to Tambopata？（　　）
A. To highlight the engaging biodiversity there.
B. To popularize Tambopata’s tourism industry.
C. To emphasize his role change over the years.
D. To show the motivation for his current work.
解析：　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者提到 2017 年的访 问，是为了表明对亚马孙地区的热爱，这成为他现在参与相关工 作的动力。
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12. What is a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A. A Researcher’s Unforgettable Jungle Adventure
B. To Study Caimans for Conservation：Catch One First！
C. Nighttime Encounter： A Thrilling Battle with Caimans！
D. Living Fossils： The Caiman’s Evolutionary Importance
解析：　标题归纳题。第二段以及后续内容围绕寻找、捕捉凯门鳄 展开，详细描述了捕捉过程中遇到的情况。因此B项能够准确概括文 章主旨，适合作文章标题。
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Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　（2026·山东临沂一模）Sedimentary rock （沉积岩） is a type of rock that covers about three fourths of Earth’s land surface.
13. 　　 These layers can be seen clearly in steep rock walls.There are many different kinds of sedimentary rock.14. 　　 Some sedimentary rocks form as wind and water leave behind small bits of rock and sand.Others form from chemicals or from the remains of living things.
　　The most common kinds of sedimentary rock consist of deposits left behind by water.The water wears away rocks and carries away sand and small bits of rock.These minerals are deposited in many places.Over time， the deposits build up into layers.15. 　　 The weight of the layers presses the bits of rock together.Water seeps through the layers， leaving minerals that cement the bits together to form rock.
　　Some of the rocks formed by wind and glaciers are loess and tillite.16. 　　 This yellow rock covers large regions of the world.A rock made up of large bits of rock that have combined together is called tillite.
　　17. 　　 Chalk and coal are two kinds of rock that form in this way.Chalk forms from animal skeletons and shells that gather on the floor of the sea.Coal is formed from the remains of plants.Over time， the layers of dead matter become solid chalk and coal.All sedimentary rock takes thousands of years to form.
A. But they have different features.
B. Each kind forms in a different way.
C. Chalk and coal come from the same substances.
D. Sedimentary rock can even form from the remains of living things.
E. It is formed when minerals and other matter are deposited in layers.
F. Weak rock formed from the dust blown by the wind is called loess.
G. Over thousands of years， old layers of matter are covered by new layers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沉积岩的形成和特点。
13. E　上文提到沉积岩覆盖了地球陆地表面的大部分，下文提到在 岩壁上能清晰看到这些层，因此空处应说明沉积岩是如何形成的。E 项符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沉积岩的形成和特点。
14. B　上文提到沉积岩有很多不同种类，下文具体介绍了不同沉积 岩的形成方式，因此空处起承上启下的作用。B项符合语境。
15. G　上文提到沉积物随着时间推移堆积成层，下文解释了层的重 量和水的作用，因此空处应进一步说明沉积层的形成过程。G项符合 语境，承接自然。
16. F　上文提到由风和冰川形成的岩石，下文指出“这种黄色的岩 石”覆盖了大片地区，因此空处应具体介绍这种岩石。F项与上下文 呼应。
17. D　下文提到粉笔和煤分别由动物骨骼、贝壳和植物遗骸形成， 因此空处应点明沉积岩可以由生物遗骸形成。D项承接自然，且与下 文例子呼应。

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