资源简介

英语
本试卷共10页，67题。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段录音读两遍。
1. What will the woman do for her father
A. Choose a present. B. Repair a pair of shoes. C. Throw a birthday party.
2. What will the man do with his old clothes
A. Throw them away. B. Donate them for reuse. C. Sell them online.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Printing a document. B. Organizing a meeting. C. Purchasing office supplies.
4. How does the man feel
A. Worried. B. Satisfied. C. Puzzled.
5. What does the man usually have
A. Orange juice. B. Apple juice. C. Pancake.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音读两遍。
听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers preparing to do
A. Unpack the things. B. Decorate a balcony. C. Move to a house.
7. What will the speakers miss
A. The garden. B. The bedroom. C. The plants.
听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the woman usually do for exercise
A. Jog outdoors. B. Swim at a pool. C. Ride a bicycle.
9. How long is each session of the man’s workout
A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 45 minutes.
10. What benefit does the man get from his exercise
A. Improved sleep. B. Better concentration. C. A positive daily mood.
听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the woman
A. A journalist. B. A car dealer. C. A radio hostess.
12. What kind of car did the woman’s brother buy
A. A sports car. B. A small car. C. A high-quality car.
13. What do we know about the used cars sold by new car dealerships
A. They are usually older. B. They are of better quality. C. They are cheaper to insure.
听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。
14. What is special about the factory the man visited
A. Its production speed. B. Its worker-free workshops. C. Its management efficiency.
15. What impressed the man most during the visit
A. The robots’ precision. B. The size of the machines. C. The operators’ skills.
16. What is the woman’s concern
A. Future job opportunities. B. Safety risks of machines. C. High costs of technology.
17. What is the conversation mainly about
A. The impact of modern factories.
B. A student’s learning experience.
C. Different opinions on automation.
听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。
18. What activity does the speaker organize
A. A local storytelling event.
B. An audience sharing project.
C. A traditional music festival.
19. Why does the speaker continue this activity
A. To offer evening entertainment.
B. To record elders’ exact words.
C. To maintain community beliefs.
20. What do listeners probably gain from the activity
A. A sense of deep relaxation.
B. New perceptions of values.
C. Reflections on life choices.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The whole food diet for bees
Bees play an important role in world agriculture, but the past few decades have seen their populations fall alarmingly. Here is a diagram that highlights four categories of threats to bees.
What’s to blame There is no single suspect. All the evidence points to a combination of interacting stresses. And piling on the pressure is poor nutrition. For many millions of years, bees satisfied their dietary needs by feeding from diverse flowering plants, each offering nectar (花蜜) and pollen (花粉) made to its own recipe: different types and concentrations of sugars in nectar, and in pollen, very different amounts of protein and other nutrients. But this once-extensive menu has been narrowed. Plenty of land that once offered bees a variety of nectar and pollen has been gradually replaced by brick and concrete.
Fortunately, there are already many initiatives launched — sowing wildflowers in green space and reducing grass cutting in parks and along roadsides to give wildflowers the chance to bloom. Also, thanks to so much research into the nutritional value of different sorts of pollen, such plans may soon be able to tailor seed mixes to best meet bees’ needs by providing greater diversity.
1. Which of the following prevents bees from locating food effectively
A. Pests. B. Insect nerve toxins.
C. Herbicides. D. Single-crop farming.
2. What leads to the poor nutrition in bees
A. The extension of their menu. B. Their worsening physical condition.
C. The decline of food sources. D. Their increasing need for protein.
3. What is the goal of the initiatives
A. To ensure a safe environment for bees. B. To enhance the dietary options for bees.
C. To speed up the growth of wildflowers. D. To boost the nutritional value of pollen.
B
When my children were little, we went to Mexico, Switzerland, Argentina — places we adults wanted to explore, and the kids cheerfully tagged along. But when my son turned 10, he declared, “I don’t really like to travel.” It broke my heart.
My daughter caught the travel bug early. By 13, she was drawn to cafes, shops and museums in Europe. My son, however, dragged his feet at the Louvre, asking, “Can we just go back to the hotel now ” I felt crushed.
Still, I pushed for a trip to Egypt before my daughter left for college. After I promised him screen time, my son agreed. It came as no surprise he was reluctant, but what I didn’t foresee was that Egypt would be the destination that clicked.
The first sign came at the Grand Egyptian Museum. My son, who usually speed-walks through museums, stopped to read the information cards and studied exhibits. My husband and I exchanged glances, afraid acknowledging it would break the spell. At the Temple of Karnak, my son leaned forward, listening to our guide explain how 80,000 labourers built this place over 1,300 years ago. At the Valley of the Kings, we stood in Tutankhamun’s burial chamber. “He’s much smaller than I imagined,” he said. Suddenly, he was explaining hieroglyphics (象形文字) to us, and asking our guide about burial practices. My husband whispered, “I can hardly believe it.”
A visit to the Kom Ombo Temple sparked a debate between my teens about ancient Egyptian religion. That’s when I realized what had been wrong all along. I’d been dragging him through my version of travel. My son needed a hook, something that would connect to what he was curious about at that moment.
Our Egypt trip taught me that not all kids will love travel the way you do, but they might love their version of it. My daughter thrives on aesthetic (审美的) experiences. My son needs a narrative, historical context, and physical places to touch. Maybe your reluctant traveller doesn’t hate travel either. Maybe they’re just waiting for you to help them find their version of it.
4. What do the underlined words “caught the travel bug” mean in paragraph 2
A. Was keen on travelling. B. Was tired of traveling.
C. Was focused on travelling. D. Was fearful of travelling.
5. What do we know about the author’s son on the trip to Egypt
A. He got intellectually engaged. B. He showed no interest in exhibits.
C. He developed his imagination. D. He speed-walked through temples.
6. What is the key element of kids’ version of travel
A. Their brave attempts. B. Their willingness to take breaks.
C. Their specific interests. D. Their eagerness to seek adventures.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. An enlightening trip. B. A journey of recovering family love.
C. A parent-child conflict. D. An introduction to Egyptian museums.
C
Claims that artificial intelligence (AI) borders on human intelligence have become commonplace. Some believe that rapid advances in large language models signal “superintelligence” will fundamentally reshape society. However, this comparison misses something essential about what human intelligence is.
Research shows that human intelligence emerges from processes like shared language, cultural communication, cooperation and progressive learning across generations. AI systems, by contrast, do not cooperate or form social bonds. They process information separately, responding to prompts without awareness, intention or accountability.
Human intelligence is also embodied (具身的). Our thinking is shaped by physical experience, emotion and social interaction, which ground abstract reasoning later in life. AI lacks this grounding. Language models learn statistical patterns from text, not meaning from lived experience. They do not understand concepts in the way humans do.
Advocates of AI progress often point to the vast amounts of data used to train modern systems. Yet this data represents a remarkably narrow slice of humanity. Around 80% of online content is produced in just ten languages, while over 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, with only a few hundred represented online. Training AI on such data set means baking in the perspectives, assumptions and biases of a relatively small portion of the world’s population. Human intelligence, by contrast, is defined by diversity. Eight billion people contribute to a shared cognitive (认知) landscape. AI does not have access to this richness, nor can it generate it independently. The data on which it is trained is based on a highly biased sample.
None of this is to deny that AI systems are powerful tools. Used carefully and with oversight, they can be socially beneficial. But usefulness is not the same as intelligence in the human sense. AI remains narrow and dependent on human input, evaluation and correction. It does not form intentions, participate in shared reasoning or contribute to the cultural processes that make human intelligence what it is.
Until machines can participate in that social, embodied and ethical dimension of cognition — and there is no evidence they can — the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence remains more promotion than insight.
8. What can be inferred about human intelligence in paragraph 2
A. It progresses at a slow pace. B. It develops from individual learning.
C. It features collective wisdom. D. It shows more advanced ability than AI.
9. In paragraph 3, the author primarily contrasts human and AI learning in terms of ________.
A. the source of understanding B. the lessons of lived experience
C. the speed of data processing D. the concepts of abstract reasoning
10. What mainly contributes to the bias in AI training data
A. Repeated text patterns. B. Inaccurate online content.
C. Limited language range. D. Uneven geographical coverage.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence
A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Unconcerned.
D
Think of how many surfaces you touch daily, from your work desk to the bus handrails and your phone screen. Viruses can easily spread via these surfaces. Infection typically occurs by touching a contaminated (污染的) surface — and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Now a team of researchers led by Elena Ivanova created a thin plastic surface with tiny nanoscale features, billionths of a metre in size, that copy the nanostructured surface of insect wings and can physically burst viruses the moment they land.
Current methods for preventing virus spread via surfaces usually involves cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectant must remain wet for some time to kill bacteria. This can be challenging in some real-world settings. Surfaces can also be recontaminated quickly when touched by others. And disinfection often requires harsh chemicals which can damage equipment and the environment.
Nature offers examples of bacteria-free surfaces, such as the thin water-resistant wings of dragonflies. While these wings are self-cleaning, they act less by pushing bacteria away and more as natural bacteria killers. Experiments the team did with gold-coated wings, which resemble the wings of dragonflies, confirmed this bacteria-killing effect is not driven by surface chemistry, but rather by the physical nanostructures on the surface which essentially force bacterial cell walls to stretch and burst.
In this new study, the researchers created a virus-bursting material that was lightweight and flexible: a thin plastic film covered in thousands of tiny pillars (柱子). These nanopillars grab and stretch a virus’s outer shell until it bursts, killing viruses through mechanical force.
The mould (模具) they used to create this material can be easily scaled for industrial use, from food packaging to hospital equipment and office desks. Nanostructured surfaces are built for durability. But they will degrade over time under physical, chemical, and environmental stressors. Much remains to be discovered in the search for bacteria-free surfaces. But these nanostructured surfaces have enormous potential in the fight against viruses and provide an alternative to traditional methods.
12. What does paragraph 2 focus on
A. The impact of chemicals. B. The risk of recontamination.
C. The challenges of cleaning. D. The disadvantages of disinfectants.
13. What determines the bacteria-killing effect of dragonflies’ wings
A. Their surface structure. B. Their physical composition.
C. Their exceptional thinness. D. Their water-resistant property.
14. What is paragraph 4 mainly about regarding the material
A. Its key components. B. Its working principle.
C. Its potential applications. D. Its production process.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Killing Bacteria: The Role of Chemicals B. Plastic Film Stops Viruses from Sticking
C. Preventing Infection: The Magic of Nature D. Nanopillars Tear Apart Viruses on Contact
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life frequently places us in contexts where people strive to outperform one another. ___16___ No one likes to lose, whether in a board game or a sports match. But why does losing hurt so much and how can it be handled better
Picture this. You’ve just lost the final match of the football season. Your stomach drops, your tears well up and anger or disappointment takes over. ___17___ Balbir Bansi, a school counsellor in UK, says these feelings are natural. “When a lot of time and effort needs to be put in, it can be painful to lose, because it can feel like your hard work has gone to waste,” Balbir says. Other emotions such as embarrassment may also arise, especially if friends and family have come to support you.
These same emotions can surface even in casual contests between friends, like table tennis or video games. To an outsider, losing might seem inconsequential, but Balbir explains that the desire to do your best can lead to disappointment, whatever the circumstances of the defeat. ___18___ Alternatively, you may fear that losing shows you are less skilled than your opponent. This might make you doubt your abilities.
However, losing does have an upside. Many top athletes who have faced repeated defeats have mentioned that moving on is crucial, as losses make them stronger. ___19___ Balbir agrees, “we can learn as much from losing as from winning.”
When it comes to losing, the key is to use defeat to identify weaknesses and areas for improvement without becoming unnecessarily self-critical and negative. For many, losing with good grace and offering sincere congratulations to your opponent is a sign of wisdom and maturity. ___20___
A. You have to face defeat many times.
B. It can remove the uncomfortable feelings.
C. These are winning qualities in all walks of life.
D. With competition comes the possibility of losing.
E. It also feels unbearable to congratulate your opponents.
F. You may rely on winning as a way to boost your confidence.
G. Learning from those mistakes helps them improve and work harder.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last summer, I was watering a tomato planter (花盆) when I spotted them — a bunch of newborn rabbits. Five tiny bodies gathered closely, ___21___ of the world around them. For two weeks, I watched them from a distance. At first, they stayed hidden under large leaves, their mother ___22___ occasionally. She was always ___23___, watching from the edge of the yard, a frozen figure at dusk. She never approached while I was there, but her ___24___ was a constant, staring weight. One day, a rabbit was standing on the planter’s edge, unsure whether to jump or not.
___25___, one by one, the rabbits leapt from the planter. Some ___26___ smoothly, while others fell. The last one ___27___ the longest, shaking slightly at the edge. I silently urged it on. You can do it! Then, it did.
Watching them, I realized how much we like to believe life is built on ___28___ and control. Yet many of the experiences that shape us are leaps into the ___29___. When I was younger, I thought courage meant being fearless. Now I know it means being afraid and _____30_____ anyway. The rabbits did not leap because they felt safe. They leapt because staying put was not a/an _____31_____.
Growth requires _____32_____. The leap is often where a new life _____33_____. We all live on the edge of our own planters. When the moment comes, I hope I remember that fear is not always a signal to _____34_____, but a sign that you are standing on the edge of something worth _____35_____.
21. A. unsure B. unaware C. fond D. tired
22. A. relaxing B. following C. appearing D. leaping
23. A. impatient B. careful C. curious D. ready
24. A. presence B. guidance C. silence D. defence
25. A. Obviously B. Fortunately C. Eventually D. Consequently
26. A. ran B. landed C. climbed D. escaped
27. A. hesitated B. anticipated C. searched D. doubted
28. A. fighting B. planning C. rushing D. dreaming
29. A. truth B. goal C. future D. unknown
30. A. moving forward B. giving up C. calming down D. looking back
31. A. excuse B. problem C. mistake D. option
32. A. motion B. passion C. stimulation D. dedication
33. A. lasts B. evolves C. begins D. exists
34. A. fail B. adapt C. withdraw D. reflect
35. A. staring at B. waiting for C. relying on D. stepping into
第二节（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The most common structural method found in ancient wooden architecture in China is the mortise and tenon joint, or sǔn mǎo in Chinese, ____36____ (extensive) employed in buildings, furniture, and various other wooden components. This technique reflects ____37____ ancient craftsmen discovered through continuous refinement and trial and error.
The findings from the Hemudu culture site in the 1970s, ____38____ (date) back about 7,000 years and situated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, reveal the earliest examples of mortise and tenon usage. Of course, this structural technique is not unique ____39____ China. Evidence of similar mortise and tenon construction has also been found in Germany and Egypt.
The application of the mortise and tenon structure is extremely extensive, including connections between surfaces, points, ____40____ the combinations of components. Through the complicated interlock of convex and concave (凸凹的) elements, it forms ____41____ inseparable and remarkably stable wooden structure.
Beyond its ____42____ (solid), the ancient Chinese also applied mechanical principles in the mortise and tenon buildings, adapting their practices based on local conditions. ____43____ (couple) with the rigidity, load-bearing capacity, and energy-absorbing properties of wood, traditional Chinese wooden constructions exhibit a certain degree of earthquake ____44____ (resist). The design and the integration of various carving techniques have continuously improved ____45____ (enhance) the artistic appeal of these joints.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 你校英文报“Campus and Us”专栏正在就学校一块闲置空地（4米×5米）征集改造建议。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
（1）你的建议；
（2）说明理由。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Better Campus, Better Life
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Emerly, an eight-year-old girl with bright eyes and big dreams, signed up for her school’s annual talent show. She wanted to dance to “Girl on Fire”, a song that made her feel brave and strong. Every day after school she practiced her moves in the living room, but something always felt missing. That was when her music teacher, Ms. Kurstin Frank, offered to help.
For two weeks, Ms. Frank stayed after class with Emerly. She clapped the rhythm, gave tips on turns, and even deliberately danced a few clumsy steps to make Emerly laugh. “You’ve got fire inside you,” she would say. “Just let it out.” On the day of the show, backstage, Emerly’s hands shook and her heart pounded like a drum. Ms. Frank knelt beside her, held her small shoulders, and whispered, “I’ll be right there in the front row. You are not alone.”
The gymnasium was packed with parents and students. When Emerly’s name was called, she walked to center stage and saw Ms. Frank smiling at her from the front row. The familiar beat began, and Emerly danced. She kept spinning (旋转) and leaping as she had practiced a hundred times. The crowd clapped along. For one shining minute, everything was perfect.
Then, without warning, the music stopped.
A terrible scream burst from the audience, followed by dead silence. Emerly froze mid-spin, her arms still raised. The hot spotlight burned down on her alone. Some kids sniggered(窃笑). Others whispered. Emerly’s face turned red, and her eyes welled up with tears. She looked around wildly, not knowing whether to run off or stand still. A heavy silence fell and seemed to last forever.
Then she saw Ms. Frank rise from her seat. The teacher walked toward the stage, her eyes locked on Emerly’s. The crowd watched, curious and quiet.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Ms. Frank began to sing the first line of the song.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As they danced on the stage, more and more students joined in.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________英语
本试卷共10页，67题。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段录音读两遍。
1. What will the woman do for her father
A. Choose a present. B. Repair a pair of shoes. C. Throw a birthday party.
2. What will the man do with his old clothes
A. Throw them away. B. Donate them for reuse. C. Sell them online.
3. What are the speakers talking about
A. Printing a document. B. Organizing a meeting. C. Purchasing office supplies.
4. How does the man feel
A. Worried. B. Satisfied. C. Puzzled.
5. What does the man usually have
A. Orange juice. B. Apple juice. C. Pancake.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音读两遍。
听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers preparing to do
A. Unpack the things. B. Decorate a balcony. C. Move to a house.
7. What will the speakers miss
A. The garden. B. The bedroom. C. The plants.
听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the woman usually do for exercise
A. Jog outdoors. B. Swim at a pool. C. Ride a bicycle.
9. How long is each session of the man’s workout
A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 45 minutes.
10. What benefit does the man get from his exercise
A. Improved sleep. B. Better concentration. C. A positive daily mood.
听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the woman
A. A journalist. B. A car dealer. C. A radio hostess.
12. What kind of car did the woman’s brother buy
A. A sports car. B. A small car. C. A high-quality car.
13. What do we know about the used cars sold by new car dealerships
A. They are usually older. B. They are of better quality. C. They are cheaper to insure.
听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。
14. What is special about the factory the man visited
A. Its production speed. B. Its worker-free workshops. C. Its management efficiency.
15. What impressed the man most during the visit
A. The robots’ precision. B. The size of the machines. C. The operators’ skills.
16. What is the woman’s concern
A. Future job opportunities. B. Safety risks of machines. C. High costs of technology.
17. What is the conversation mainly about
A. The impact of modern factories.
B. A student’s learning experience.
C. Different opinions on automation.
听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。
18. What activity does the speaker organize
A. A local storytelling event.
B. An audience sharing project.
C. A traditional music festival.
19. Why does the speaker continue this activity
A. To offer evening entertainment.
B. To record elders’ exact words.
C. To maintain community beliefs.
20. What do listeners probably gain from the activity
A. A sense of deep relaxation.
B. New perceptions of values.
C. Reflections on life choices.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The whole food diet for bees
Bees play an important role in world agriculture, but the past few decades have seen their populations fall alarmingly. Here is a diagram that highlights four categories of threats to bees.
What’s to blame There is no single suspect. All the evidence points to a combination of interacting stresses. And piling on the pressure is poor nutrition. For many millions of years, bees satisfied their dietary needs by feeding from diverse flowering plants, each offering nectar (花蜜) and pollen (花粉) made to its own recipe: different types and concentrations of sugars in nectar, and in pollen, very different amounts of protein and other nutrients. But this once-extensive menu has been narrowed. Plenty of land that once offered bees a variety of nectar and pollen has been gradually replaced by brick and concrete.
Fortunately, there are already many initiatives launched — sowing wildflowers in green space and reducing grass cutting in parks and along roadsides to give wildflowers the chance to bloom. Also, thanks to so much research into the nutritional value of different sorts of pollen, such plans may soon be able to tailor seed mixes to best meet bees’ needs by providing greater diversity.
1. Which of the following prevents bees from locating food effectively
A. Pests. B. Insect nerve toxins.
C. Herbicides. D. Single-crop farming.
2. What leads to the poor nutrition in bees
A. The extension of their menu. B. Their worsening physical condition.
C. The decline of food sources. D. Their increasing need for protein.
3. What is the goal of the initiatives
A. To ensure a safe environment for bees. B. To enhance the dietary options for bees.
C. To speed up the growth of wildflowers. D. To boost the nutritional value of pollen.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
B
When my children were little, we went to Mexico, Switzerland, Argentina — places we adults wanted to explore, and the kids cheerfully tagged along. But when my son turned 10, he declared, “I don’t really like to travel.” It broke my heart.
My daughter caught the travel bug early. By 13, she was drawn to cafes, shops and museums in Europe. My son, however, dragged his feet at the Louvre, asking, “Can we just go back to the hotel now ” I felt crushed.
Still, I pushed for a trip to Egypt before my daughter left for college. After I promised him screen time, my son agreed. It came as no surprise he was reluctant, but what I didn’t foresee was that Egypt would be the destination that clicked.
The first sign came at the Grand Egyptian Museum. My son, who usually speed-walks through museums, stopped to read the information cards and studied exhibits. My husband and I exchanged glances, afraid acknowledging it would break the spell. At the Temple of Karnak, my son leaned forward, listening to our guide explain how 80,000 labourers built this place over 1,300 years ago. At the Valley of the Kings, we stood in Tutankhamun’s burial chamber. “He’s much smaller than I imagined,” he said. Suddenly, he was explaining hieroglyphics (象形文字) to us, and asking our guide about burial practices. My husband whispered, “I can hardly believe it.”
A visit to the Kom Ombo Temple sparked a debate between my teens about ancient Egyptian religion. That’s when I realized what had been wrong all along. I’d been dragging him through my version of travel. My son needed a hook, something that would connect to what he was curious about at that moment.
Our Egypt trip taught me that not all kids will love travel the way you do, but they might love their version of it. My daughter thrives on aesthetic (审美的) experiences. My son needs a narrative, historical context, and physical places to touch. Maybe your reluctant traveller doesn’t hate travel either. Maybe they’re just waiting for you to help them find their version of it.
4. What do the underlined words “caught the travel bug” mean in paragraph 2
A. Was keen on travelling. B. Was tired of traveling.
C. Was focused on travelling. D. Was fearful of travelling.
5. What do we know about the author’s son on the trip to Egypt
A. He got intellectually engaged. B. He showed no interest in exhibits.
C. He developed his imagination. D. He speed-walked through temples.
6. What is the key element of kids’ version of travel
A. Their brave attempts. B. Their willingness to take breaks.
C. Their specific interests. D. Their eagerness to seek adventures.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. An enlightening trip. B. A journey of recovering family love.
C. A parent-child conflict. D. An introduction to Egyptian museums.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A
C
Claims that artificial intelligence (AI) borders on human intelligence have become commonplace. Some believe that rapid advances in large language models signal “superintelligence” will fundamentally reshape society. However, this comparison misses something essential about what human intelligence is.
Research shows that human intelligence emerges from processes like shared language, cultural communication, cooperation and progressive learning across generations. AI systems, by contrast, do not cooperate or form social bonds. They process information separately, responding to prompts without awareness, intention or accountability.
Human intelligence is also embodied (具身的). Our thinking is shaped by physical experience, emotion and social interaction, which ground abstract reasoning later in life. AI lacks this grounding. Language models learn statistical patterns from text, not meaning from lived experience. They do not understand concepts in the way humans do.
Advocates of AI progress often point to the vast amounts of data used to train modern systems. Yet this data represents a remarkably narrow slice of humanity. Around 80% of online content is produced in just ten languages, while over 7,000 languages are spoken worldwide, with only a few hundred represented online. Training AI on such data set means baking in the perspectives, assumptions and biases of a relatively small portion of the world’s population. Human intelligence, by contrast, is defined by diversity. Eight billion people contribute to a shared cognitive (认知) landscape. AI does not have access to this richness, nor can it generate it independently. The data on which it is trained is based on a highly biased sample.
None of this is to deny that AI systems are powerful tools. Used carefully and with oversight, they can be socially beneficial. But usefulness is not the same as intelligence in the human sense. AI remains narrow and dependent on human input, evaluation and correction. It does not form intentions, participate in shared reasoning or contribute to the cultural processes that make human intelligence what it is.
Until machines can participate in that social, embodied and ethical dimension of cognition — and there is no evidence they can — the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence remains more promotion than insight.
8. What can be inferred about human intelligence in paragraph 2
A. It progresses at a slow pace. B. It develops from individual learning.
C. It features collective wisdom. D. It shows more advanced ability than AI.
9. In paragraph 3, the author primarily contrasts human and AI learning in terms of ________.
A. the source of understanding B. the lessons of lived experience
C. the speed of data processing D. the concepts of abstract reasoning
10. What mainly contributes to the bias in AI training data
A. Repeated text patterns. B. Inaccurate online content.
C. Limited language range. D. Uneven geographical coverage.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea that AI will exceed human intelligence
A. Approving. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Unconcerned.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B
D
Think of how many surfaces you touch daily, from your work desk to the bus handrails and your phone screen. Viruses can easily spread via these surfaces. Infection typically occurs by touching a contaminated (污染的) surface — and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Now a team of researchers led by Elena Ivanova created a thin plastic surface with tiny nanoscale features, billionths of a metre in size, that copy the nanostructured surface of insect wings and can physically burst viruses the moment they land.
Current methods for preventing virus spread via surfaces usually involves cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectant must remain wet for some time to kill bacteria. This can be challenging in some real-world settings. Surfaces can also be recontaminated quickly when touched by others. And disinfection often requires harsh chemicals which can damage equipment and the environment.
Nature offers examples of bacteria-free surfaces, such as the thin water-resistant wings of dragonflies. While these wings are self-cleaning, they act less by pushing bacteria away and more as natural bacteria killers. Experiments the team did with gold-coated wings, which resemble the wings of dragonflies, confirmed this bacteria-killing effect is not driven by surface chemistry, but rather by the physical nanostructures on the surface which essentially force bacterial cell walls to stretch and burst.
In this new study, the researchers created a virus-bursting material that was lightweight and flexible: a thin plastic film covered in thousands of tiny pillars (柱子). These nanopillars grab and stretch a virus’s outer shell until it bursts, killing viruses through mechanical force.
The mould (模具) they used to create this material can be easily scaled for industrial use, from food packaging to hospital equipment and office desks. Nanostructured surfaces are built for durability. But they will degrade over time under physical, chemical, and environmental stressors. Much remains to be discovered in the search for bacteria-free surfaces. But these nanostructured surfaces have enormous potential in the fight against viruses and provide an alternative to traditional methods.
12. What does paragraph 2 focus on
A. The impact of chemicals. B. The risk of recontamination.
C. The challenges of cleaning. D. The disadvantages of disinfectants.
13. What determines the bacteria-killing effect of dragonflies’ wings
A. Their surface structure. B. Their physical composition.
C. Their exceptional thinness. D. Their water-resistant property.
14. What is paragraph 4 mainly about regarding the material
A. Its key components. B. Its working principle.
C. Its potential applications. D. Its production process.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Killing Bacteria: The Role of Chemicals B. Plastic Film Stops Viruses from Sticking
C. Preventing Infection: The Magic of Nature D. Nanopillars Tear Apart Viruses on Contact
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life frequently places us in contexts where people strive to outperform one another. ___16___ No one likes to lose, whether in a board game or a sports match. But why does losing hurt so much and how can it be handled better
Picture this. You’ve just lost the final match of the football season. Your stomach drops, your tears well up and anger or disappointment takes over. ___17___ Balbir Bansi, a school counsellor in UK, says these feelings are natural. “When a lot of time and effort needs to be put in, it can be painful to lose, because it can feel like your hard work has gone to waste,” Balbir says. Other emotions such as embarrassment may also arise, especially if friends and family have come to support you.
These same emotions can surface even in casual contests between friends, like table tennis or video games. To an outsider, losing might seem inconsequential, but Balbir explains that the desire to do your best can lead to disappointment, whatever the circumstances of the defeat. ___18___ Alternatively, you may fear that losing shows you are less skilled than your opponent. This might make you doubt your abilities.
However, losing does have an upside. Many top athletes who have faced repeated defeats have mentioned that moving on is crucial, as losses make them stronger. ___19___ Balbir agrees, “we can learn as much from losing as from winning.”
When it comes to losing, the key is to use defeat to identify weaknesses and areas for improvement without becoming unnecessarily self-critical and negative. For many, losing with good grace and offering sincere congratulations to your opponent is a sign of wisdom and maturity. ___20___
A. You have to face defeat many times.
B. It can remove the uncomfortable feelings.
C. These are winning qualities in all walks of life.
D. With competition comes the possibility of losing.
E. It also feels unbearable to congratulate your opponents.
F. You may rely on winning as a way to boost your confidence.
G. Learning from those mistakes helps them improve and work harder.
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. C
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last summer, I was watering a tomato planter (花盆) when I spotted them — a bunch of newborn rabbits. Five tiny bodies gathered closely, ___21___ of the world around them. For two weeks, I watched them from a distance. At first, they stayed hidden under large leaves, their mother ___22___ occasionally. She was always ___23___, watching from the edge of the yard, a frozen figure at dusk. She never approached while I was there, but her ___24___ was a constant, staring weight. One day, a rabbit was standing on the planter’s edge, unsure whether to jump or not.
___25___, one by one, the rabbits leapt from the planter. Some ___26___ smoothly, while others fell. The last one ___27___ the longest, shaking slightly at the edge. I silently urged it on. You can do it! Then, it did.
Watching them, I realized how much we like to believe life is built on ___28___ and control. Yet many of the experiences that shape us are leaps into the ___29___. When I was younger, I thought courage meant being fearless. Now I know it means being afraid and _____30_____ anyway. The rabbits did not leap because they felt safe. They leapt because staying put was not a/an _____31_____.
Growth requires _____32_____. The leap is often where a new life _____33_____. We all live on the edge of our own planters. When the moment comes, I hope I remember that fear is not always a signal to _____34_____, but a sign that you are standing on the edge of something worth _____35_____.
21. A. unsure B. unaware C. fond D. tired
22. A. relaxing B. following C. appearing D. leaping
23. A. impatient B. careful C. curious D. ready
24. A. presence B. guidance C. silence D. defence
25. A. Obviously B. Fortunately C. Eventually D. Consequently
26. A. ran B. landed C. climbed D. escaped
27. A. hesitated B. anticipated C. searched D. doubted
28. A. fighting B. planning C. rushing D. dreaming
29. A. truth B. goal C. future D. unknown
30. A. moving forward B. giving up C. calming down D. looking back
31. A. excuse B. problem C. mistake D. option
32. A. motion B. passion C. stimulation D. dedication
33. A. lasts B. evolves C. begins D. exists
34. A. fail B. adapt C. withdraw D. reflect
35. A. staring at B. waiting for C. relying on D. stepping into
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D
第二节（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The most common structural method found in ancient wooden architecture in China is the mortise and tenon joint, or sǔn mǎo in Chinese, ____36____ (extensive) employed in buildings, furniture, and various other wooden components. This technique reflects ____37____ ancient craftsmen discovered through continuous refinement and trial and error.
The findings from the Hemudu culture site in the 1970s, ____38____ (date) back about 7,000 years and situated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, reveal the earliest examples of mortise and tenon usage. Of course, this structural technique is not unique ____39____ China. Evidence of similar mortise and tenon construction has also been found in Germany and Egypt.
The application of the mortise and tenon structure is extremely extensive, including connections between surfaces, points, ____40____ the combinations of components. Through the complicated interlock of convex and concave (凸凹的) elements, it forms ____41____ inseparable and remarkably stable wooden structure.
Beyond its ____42____ (solid), the ancient Chinese also applied mechanical principles in the mortise and tenon buildings, adapting their practices based on local conditions. ____43____ (couple) with the rigidity, load-bearing capacity, and energy-absorbing properties of wood, traditional Chinese wooden constructions exhibit a certain degree of earthquake ____44____ (resist). The design and the integration of various carving techniques have continuously improved ____45____ (enhance) the artistic appeal of these joints.
【答案】36. extensively
37. what 38. dating
39. to 40. and
41. an 42. solidity
43. Coupled
44. resistance
45. to enhance
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 你校英文报“Campus and Us”专栏正在就学校一块闲置空地（4米×5米）征集改造建议。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
（1）你的建议；
（2）说明理由。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Better Campus, Better Life
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version 1
I propose transforming the unused area into a “Pocket Fitness Zone.” This space can be furnished with a steel frame equipped with pull-up and parallel bars, alongside rubber mats.
Such a fitness zone would bring multiple benefits. Firstly, it provides a convenient escape where students can relieve back pain and recharge their energy after long hours of sitting in the classroom. Additionally, by offering equipment that suits all athletic levels, it fosters a habit of regular exercise without requiring expensive facilities.
In essence, creating this fitness zone would greatly enhance our overall campus experience and promote wellness for every student.
Possible version 2
I propose converting the unused area into a mini vegetable garden. This space can be divided into several planting beds, where students can grow easy-to-care-for vegetables like cherry tomatoes, lettuce, and herbs.
A campus vegetable garden offers multiple benefits. Firstly, it provides a hands-on learning opportunity, allowing students to understand where food comes from and how plants grow. Secondly, a vegetable garden promotes healthy eating by encouraging students to consume fresh produce Moreover, tending to the garden can foster teamwork and collaboration among students, strengthening our sense of community.
In short, creating this small garden would greatly enrich our campus life and bring us closer to nature.
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Emerly, an eight-year-old girl with bright eyes and big dreams, signed up for her school’s annual talent show. She wanted to dance to “Girl on Fire”, a song that made her feel brave and strong. Every day after school she practiced her moves in the living room, but something always felt missing. That was when her music teacher, Ms. Kurstin Frank, offered to help.
For two weeks, Ms. Frank stayed after class with Emerly. She clapped the rhythm, gave tips on turns, and even deliberately danced a few clumsy steps to make Emerly laugh. “You’ve got fire inside you,” she would say. “Just let it out.” On the day of the show, backstage, Emerly’s hands shook and her heart pounded like a drum. Ms. Frank knelt beside her, held her small shoulders, and whispered, “I’ll be right there in the front row. You are not alone.”
The gymnasium was packed with parents and students. When Emerly’s name was called, she walked to center stage and saw Ms. Frank smiling at her from the front row. The familiar beat began, and Emerly danced. She kept spinning (旋转) and leaping as she had practiced a hundred times. The crowd clapped along. For one shining minute, everything was perfect.
Then, without warning, the music stopped.
A terrible scream burst from the audience, followed by dead silence. Emerly froze mid-spin, her arms still raised. The hot spotlight burned down on her alone. Some kids sniggered(窃笑). Others whispered. Emerly’s face turned red, and her eyes welled up with tears. She looked around wildly, not knowing whether to run off or stand still. A heavy silence fell and seemed to last forever.
Then she saw Ms. Frank rise from her seat. The teacher walked toward the stage, her eyes locked on Emerly’s. The crowd watched, curious and quiet.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Ms. Frank began to sing the first line of the song.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As they danced on the stage, more and more students joined in.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文：
Ms. Frank began to sing the first line of the song. Her voice was warm and steady, cutting through the tense silence like a beacon of hope. Emerly’s heart swelled with reassurance as she recognized the familiar melody. Taking a deep breath, the little girl started to move again bravely. She spun and leapt with grace, her body responding to the rhythm that filled the gymnasium. Meanwhile, Ms. Frank joined her on stage, dancing alongside her with joy, creating a beautiful harmony of teacher and student. The spotlight no longer felt burning. Instead, it felt like a gentle embrace.
As they danced together on the stage, more and more students joined in. Their faces lit up with excitement as they rushed forward, forming a vibrant circle around Emerly and Ms. Frank. Friends began to clap along, creating an atmosphere of pure exhilaration. With each movement, Emerly felt her confidence soar, and she encouraged others to jump in, inviting them to share the joy of the moment. Laughter and smiles spread like wildfire, transforming the gymnasium into a sea of unity and celebration. In that magical instant, she realized that bravery comes not just from within but also from the people who believe in you.

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