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核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 5 First Aid
(25分钟　40分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 迷走神经在调节人体方面的作用 2026·宁波模拟 人与社会 —
　　It is late at night.You wander empty streets, heart pounding, muscles tense, sensing danger nearby.Now imagine the same situation, but without these responses.Would you still feel afraid Experiences like this unveil a profound truth: our minds are not just products of the brain but emerge from its constant dialogue with the body.
At the heart of this connection is the vagus nerve(迷走神经)—the body’s longest nerve.It winds its way from the brain throughout the head and trunk, issuing commands to our organs and receiving feelings from them.Much of the confusing range of functions it regulates are automatic and operate without conscious control.These complex responses engage a group of neural networks that link brain and body.The vagus nerve is, in one way of thinking, the conduit of the mind.
The primary function of the vagus nerve is to dampen the body’s response.After a fear episode, for example, the body’s powerful, life-saving threat response must be ended to restore resting heartbeat, breathing, blood flow and so on.So powerful is its influence that the vagus nerve can literally stop the beating heart.Conversely, it can also stimulate bodily responses by releasing the brake to accelerate.
The vagus nerve is the biological basis for many new therapies(疗法) worldwide.However, some people have taken the vagus nerve’s wide-ranging bodily influence as an invitation to engage in false science.In some corners of the Internet so-called polyvagal therapy—physical or breathing exercises that some claim reset the vagus nerve—is proposed to address just about any disorder of the mind or body.There’s little evidence that these popular therapies are anything but comfort.
The vagus nerve doesn’t need to be a cure for everything—it’s worth appreciating all on its own.Neuroscientists compare the vagus to an orchestra conductor, harmonizing bodily systems to compose our conscious experience.Professor Linda Rinaman once said, “We’re not just brains in jars.Our thoughts and feelings are rooted in flesh and blood.”
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 文章主要介绍了迷走神经作为连接大脑和身体的通道,在调节身体反应方面起着重要作用,是许多新疗法的生物学基础,但也存在被伪科学滥用的情况,最后强调身心是相互作用从而形成人类意识体验的
语篇 结构 Para.1 深夜遇险的假设揭示:心智源于大脑与身体的持续互动
Para.2 迷走神经是大脑与身体连接的核心,像心智的导体,调控诸多自动功能
Para.3 迷走神经主要作用是抑制身体反应,也能刺激身体反应
Para.4 迷走神经是新疗法的生物学基础,但相关虚假疗法缺乏证据,仅能提供安慰
Para.5 迷走神经无需包治百病,它协调身体系统,让思想情感扎根血肉
1.How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1
A.By sharing a story.　 B.By creating a scene.
C.By asking a question. D.By defining a concept.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:introduce the topic in Paragraph 1
定信息 在原文中定位第一段关键句为“It is late at night.You wander empty streets, heart pounding, muscles tense, sensing danger nearby.Now imagine the same situation, but without these responses.Would you still feel afraid ”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A By sharing a story. 无中生有 考查学生对文章开篇方式的理解能力,检验学生能否判断第一段的写作手法
B By creating a scene. 正确
C By asking a question. 偷换概念
D By defining a concept. 无中生有
分析:选B。第一段通过营造深夜在空荡街道上的场景来引入话题
2.What does the underlined word “conduit”mean in Paragraph 2
A.Channel.　　　　　　B.Product.
C.Mirror. D.Nature.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:“conduit” mean in Paragraph 2
定信息 在原文中定位第二段关键句为“The vagus nerve is, in one way of thinking, the conduit of the mind.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Channel. 正确 考查学生根据上下文推测生词词义的能力,检验学生对迷走神经功能及文本语境的理解
B Product. 无中生有
C Mirror. 无中生有
D Nature. 无中生有
分析:选A。结合上下文,迷走神经起到连接大脑和身体、传递信号等作用,“Channel”(通道、渠道)符合“conduit”在此处的含义
3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.The popularity of a biological treatment.
B.The effectiveness of breathing exercises.
C.The misuse of unproven nerve therapies.
D.The evidence of vagus nerve’s functions.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
定信息 在原文中定位第四段关键句为“However, some people have taken the vagus nerve’s wide-ranging bodily influence as an invitation to engage in false science.In some corners of the Internet so-called polyvagal therapy...is proposed to address just about any disorder of the mind or body.There’s little evidence that these popular therapies are anything but comfort.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The popularity of a biological treatment. 以偏概全 考查学生对段落主旨的概括能力,检验学生能否把握第四段核心内容
B The effectiveness of breathing exercises. 无中生有
C The misuse of unproven nerve therapies. 正确
D The evidence of vagus nerve’s functions. 无中生有
分析:选C。第四段主要讲了一些人滥用未经证实的与迷走神经相关的疗法
4.What do Linda Rinaman’s words imply
A.Blood circulation determined our emotions.
B.Physical health is unrelated to mental states.
C.Body and mind interact to form experiences.
D.Our brain stores feelings separate from body.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Linda Rinaman’s words imply
定信息 在原文中定位最后一段关键句为“Professor Linda Rinaman once said, ‘We’re not just brains in jars.Our thoughts and feelings are rooted in flesh and blood.’”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Blood circulation determined our emotions. 无中生有 考查学生对人物话语的推理能力,检验学生能否根据Linda Rinaman的话推断出正确结论
B Physical health is unrelated to mental states. 无中生有
C Body and mind interact to form experiences. 正确
D Our brain stores feelings separate from body. 无中生有
分析:选C。Linda Rinaman的话表明我们的思想和情感植根于血肉之中,意味着身心相互作用形成体验
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形 填空 5—19 √ 16岁的帕克斯助无家可归者护眼 2025·嘉兴模拟 人与社会 —
　　Sixteen-year-old Parkes Long is on a mission to ensure unhoused people have healthy vision.Her project, I Wanna See Project, makes free eye care and glasses 　5　 to them.
Parkes’ inspiration came from her own experience with 　6　 issues that began when she was 7.She struggled to see her friends on the playground and often 　7　 things at home.Her parents took her to hospital, where she was prescribed(开处方) 　8　.
“The first time I put them on, I was 　9　 at how clearly everything looked,” Parkes said.As she grew older and became more aware of social inequality, she became worried about those who 　10　 something as essential as clear vision.“What if people donate unused glasses so others could see clearly ” She 　11　 the idea.Her mother was supportive and helped her make a plan of 　12　.
They started with a drive to collect glasses through social media and 　13　 drop boxes in their community, receiving 75 pairs of glasses.After her story was 　14　 on TV, the project gained more support.To ensure the donated glasses were 　15　 matched with the right individuals, Parkes carefully observed the process and even worked with doctors to 　16　 the glasses.
Looking ahead, Parkes envisions long-term goals for the project, including　17　 it to other states.
“The 　18　 she showed was really touching,” Parkes’ mother remarked.“Despite her tight schedule, she remains 　19　 to improving the life of many people.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的帕克斯受自身经历启发,发起“我想看见” 项目,为无家可归者提供免费眼部护理和眼镜,还计划拓展项目。
5.A.accessible　　　　　 B.practical
C.necessary D.helpful
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她的项目“我想看见” 让无家可归的人能够获得免费的眼部护理和眼镜。accessible可获得的,可接近的;practical实际的;necessary必要的;helpful有帮助的。根据上文“Sixteen-year-old Parkes Long is on a mission to ensure unhoused people have healthy vision.”可知,该项目的目的是让无家可归的人拥有健康的视力,make sth.accessible to sb.表示“使某人能够获得某物”,accessible符合语境。故选A。
6.A.financial B.mental
C.visual D.academic
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:帕克斯的灵感来自她自己 7 岁时就开始的视力问题的经历。financial财务的;mental精神的;visual视力的;academic学术的。根据下文“She struggled to see her friends on the playground and often______things at home.Her parents took her to hospital, where she was prescribed______.”可知,她在看东西方面有困难,所以是视力问题,visual符合语境。故选C。
7.A.ran into B.stared at
C.searched for D.moved around
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:她在操场上很难看清她的朋友们,并且在家经常撞到东西。ran into撞到;stared at盯着看;searched for寻找;moved around四处走动。根据上文“Parkes’ inspiration came from her own experience with ______issues that began when she was 7.”可知,因为她视力有问题,看不清楚,所以会经常撞到东西,ran into符合语境。故选A。
8.A.medicine B.glasses
C.surgery D.examinations
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:她的父母带她去了医院,在那里她被开了眼镜的处方。medicine药;glasses眼镜;surgery手术;examinations检查。根据下文“The first time I put them on, I was______ at how clearly everything looked”可知,她戴上后看东西清楚了,所以是配了眼镜,glasses符合语境。故选B。
9.A.puzzled B.amazed
C.amused D.frightened
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:帕克斯说:“我第一次戴上它们时,对一切看起来都如此清晰感到惊讶。”puzzled困惑的;amazed惊讶的;amused被逗乐的;frightened害怕的。根据下文“how clearly everything looked”以及语境可知,之前她视力不好,戴上眼镜后看东西很清晰,所以会感到惊讶,amazed符合语境。故选B。
10.A.depend on B.care about
C.suffer from D.go without
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:随着年龄的增长,她越来越意识到社会的不平等,她开始为那些无法拥有清晰视力这类基本条件的人感到担忧。depend on依赖;care about关心;suffer from遭受;go without缺乏,没有……而勉强应付。根据下文“something as essential as clear vision”以及语境可知,她担心那些没有清晰视力的人,go without符合语境。故选D。
11.A.understood B.considered
C.raised D.valued
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:“如果人们捐赠不用的眼镜,让其他人能看清楚会怎样呢 ” 她提出了这个想法。understood理解;considered考虑;raised提出;valued重视。根据上文“What if people donate unused glasses so others could see clearly ”以及语境可知,帕克斯提出了捐赠眼镜帮助他人看清东西的想法,raise the idea表示“提出想法”,符合语境。故选C。
12.A.treatment B.action
C.budget D.assessment
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:她的妈妈很支持她,并帮助她制订了一个行动计划。treatment治疗;action行动;budget预算;assessment评估。根据下文“They started with a drive to collect glasses through social media and______drop boxes in their community”以及语境可知,她们开始行动了,所以这里是指制订了行动计划,action符合语境。故选B。
13.A.filled B.opened
C.placed D.piled
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:她们首先通过社交媒体发起了收集眼镜的活动,并在社区放置了投放箱,收到了75副眼镜。filled装满;opened打开;placed放置;piled堆积。根据下文“drop boxes in their community”以及语境可知,这里指在社区放置投放箱来收集眼镜,placed符合语境。故选C。
14.A.aired B.adapted
C.continued D.invented
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:她的故事在电视上播出后,这个项目获得了更多的支持。aired播出;adapted改编;continued继续;invented发明。根据下文“on TV”以及语境可知,这里指故事在电视上播出,aired符合语境。故选A。
15.A.quickly B.randomly
C.frequently D.effectively
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意:为了确保捐赠的眼镜能有效地与合适的人匹配,帕克斯仔细观察了这个过程,甚至和医生合作来分发眼镜。quickly快速地;randomly随机地;frequently频繁地;effectively有效地。根据下文“Parkes carefully observed the process and even worked with doctors”以及语境可知,帕克斯这样做是为了让眼镜能有效地匹配给合适的人,effectively符合语境。故选D。
16.A.donate B.produce
C.exchange D.distribute
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。donate捐赠;produce生产;exchange交换;distribute分发。根据上文“Parkes carefully observed the process and even worked with doctors to”以及语境可知,眼镜收集后要分发给需要的人,和医生合作是为了更好地分发眼镜,distribute符合语境。故选D。
17.A.linking B.transporting
C.expanding D.attaching
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。linking连接;transporting运输;expanding扩展;attaching附上。根据下文“to other states”以及语境可知,这里指要把项目扩展到其他州,expanding符合语境。故选C。
18.A.sympathy B.courage
C.patience D.optimism
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:帕克斯的妈妈评论道:“她表现出的同情心真的很感人。”sympathy同情心;courage勇气;patience耐心;optimism乐观。根据下文“she showed was really touching”以及语境可知,帕克斯是因为担心那些没有清晰视力的人而发起项目,这体现了她的同情心,sympathy符合语境。故选A。
19.A.suited B.addicted
C.related D.committed
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:尽管她的日程安排很紧,但她仍然致力于改善许多人的生活。suited适合的;addicted上瘾的;related相关的;committed致力于……的。根据下文“to improving the life of many people”以及上文帕克斯为项目所做的努力可知,她致力于改善他人生活,be committed to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”,committed符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
语法 填空 20—29 √ 中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗 2026·四川模拟 人与社会 —
　　Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29th.This unique culture, 20.________(compose) of knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea, is the 43rd entry from China on the list, whose total tops all other countries.The tea that 21.________(appeal) to the world for thousands of years finally received top-level global 22.________(recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.
According to UNESCO, in China traditional tea processing techniques are 23.________(close) associated with geographical location and natural environment, resulting 24.________ six categories in China—green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark.
25.________ an official document explained, tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people’s daily life.Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships through tea-related activities 26.________(share) among multiple ethnic groups, and provide 27.________ sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and 28.________(individual) concerned.
In China, it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, with over 3,000 graduates 29.________(specialize) in tea production and art every year.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗被列入了联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。
20.【解析】composed。考查非谓语动词。句意:这种独特的文化由关于茶园管理、茶叶采摘、茶的加工、饮用和分享的知识、技能和实践组成,是中国第43次入选该榜单,其总数超过了所有其他国家。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。be composed of “由……组成”,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词。故填composed。
21.【解析】has appealed。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这种几千年来一直吸引世界的茶,终于作为人类共同的文化瑰宝,得到了全球顶级的认可。此处考查谓语动词,根据时间状语for thousands of years可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时,先行词that指代名词The tea,在从句中作主语,从句中助动词应用has。故填has appealed。
22.【解析】recognition。考查名词。形容词global后接名词形式。故填recognition。
23.【解析】closely。考查副词。句意:据联合国教科文组织称,中国传统制茶技艺与地理位置和自然环境密切相关,形成中国六大茶类——绿茶、红茶、黄茶、乌龙茶、白茶和黑茶。修饰动词短语be associated with用副词,作状语。故填closely。
24.【解析】in。考查介词。固定短语result in“导致,产生”。故填in。
25.【解析】As。考查定语从句。句意:正如一份官方文件所解释的那样,茶是中国人日常生活的基本文化元素。as引导非限制性定语从句时,指代整个主句,对其进行说明。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意,句首单词首字母大写。故填As。
26.【解析】are shared。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:用茶待客、通过与茶相关的活动建立良好关系的做法在多个民族之间共享,并为相关社区、团体和个人提供了一种认同感和延续感。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。主语activities与share之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。主语是复数形式,故填are shared。
27.【解析】a。考查冠词。固定短语a sense of “一种……感”。故填a。
28.【解析】individuals。考查名词的数。individual为可数名词,根据并列名词communities和groups可知,用名词的复数形式。故填individuals。
29.【解析】specializing。考查非谓语动词。句意:据报道,中国有40多所职业院校和80多所大学设立了茶学或茶文化专业,每年有3 000多名毕业生专门从事茶叶生产和茶艺工作。分析句子结构可知,这里为with的复合结构。介词with后宾语over 3,000 graduates与specialize之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,作宾语补足语。故填specializing。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 1　Science and Scientists
(65分钟　80分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 无人机在铁路领域的应用 — 人与社会 —
Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 无人机可助铁路巡检提安全省成本,未来还有轨道无人机助力
语篇 结构 Para.1 无人机有望全天候保障全球铁路轨道与基础设施安全,提升可靠性并节省巨额年度维护成本
Para.2 无人机可高效巡检轨道与道岔,定期检查能显著提升铁路的安全性、可靠性、准点率与运营效率,降低成本
Para.3 无人机辅助巡检能大幅减少维护开支,同时降低维护人员夜间作业风险
Para.4 未来的轨道无人机将配备传感器与人工智能技术,在列车前方自主运行,实时探测隐患并引导列车及时应对
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
【解题过程】
2.What does the underlined word “maintenance” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
【解题过程】
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
【解题过程】
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【解题过程】
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形 填空 5—19 √ 女孩Chloe拾获并归还奥运金牌 2026·河南模拟 人与社会 —
　　Chloe Smith is a little girl from Atlanta, Georgia.One day, while taking a walk with her father near their home, she 　5　 something shiny under a pile of rubbish.She picked up the 　6　to take home, as she often did on her treasure-hunting walks.Chloe was later 　7　 to discover she had found a stolen Olympic gold medal.
The medal belongs to former canoeist(划艇运动员) Joe Jacobi, who won gold while 　8　 for Team USA in the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games.The medal, along with other personal belongings, was 　9　 in May of 2016 when someone broke into Jacobi’s car.Though police managed to 　10　 some of his stolen items, they hadn’t been able to find his　11　Olympic medal.It may have been lost forever, if not for a little girl’s treasure-hunting 　12　.
Chloe’s dad had seen Jacobi’s story on the news, and 　13　 realized it was his stolen property.He found Jacobi’s email and sent him pictures of the treasure.After 　14　 the medal, Jacobi was astonished, just speechless.
Chloe was 　15　to give it back after speaking with Jacobi on the phone.　16　, Jacobi promised to speak to her class when school begins again this fall.The 　17　of this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession is　18　.When we talk about character and doing the 　19　 thing, Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩Chloe 散步时发现一枚奥运金牌,原是划艇运动员 Jacobi 的被盗之物。她归还了金牌,体现了奥运精神。
5.A.sought　 B.buried　 C.noticed　 D.dropped
6.A.waste B.object C.material D.antique
7.A.embarrassed B.satisfied
C.frightened D.shocked
8.A.competing B.applying
C.coaching D.preparing
9.A.broken B.stolen C.replaced D.deserted
10.A.purchase B.register
C.preserve D.recover
11.A.secured B.prized
C.advertised D.priced
12.A.project B.decision C.habit D.idea
13.A.quickly B.gradually
C.really D.carefully
14.A.identifying B.obtaining
C.evaluating D.investigating
15.A.sorry B.eager
C.upset D.hesitant
16.A.In addition B.In fact
C.In return D.In advance
17.A.purpose B.report
C.attempt D.story
18.A.heart-warming B.breath-taking
C.eye-catching D.life-changing
19.A.important B.simple
C.interesting D.right
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
语法 填空 20—29 √ 中外人士获火锅厨师证 2025·泰安模拟 人与社会 —
　　A total of 54 people, including 19 foreigners, have received their vocational(职业技术的) skill certificates as “hotpot chefs” recently, becoming 20.________(professional) recognized for this occupation in China.
Soon 21.________ they passed previous cooking exams, these skilled workers from countries such as Poland, Pakistan and Ghana 22.________(award) certificates of various levels during the Launch Ceremony of the Belt and Road International Skills Certification held in Chongqing last month.
The role of the hotpot chef was 23.________(official) recognized in the 2022 edition of China’s occupational classification code.A detailed standard that outlines the profession’s 24.________(define) and vocational training requirements was published in February by China’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Commerce.
25.________(recognize) rationally(合理地) for its spicy hotpot, Chongqing took the lead in formulating the industry standard.As of June 2024 Chongqing was home to around 37,000 hotpot restaurants, with the total output of the hotpot industry chain 26.________(reach) 300 billion yuan, according to the Chongqing Municipal Commission of Commerce.
Chongqing 27.________(make) significant progress in establishing an international evaluation system for skilled talent.During the event, Chongqing also launched other international skills certifications across various areas, 28.________ included catering, the Internet and new energy.Furthermore, Chongqing institutions also signed a note of understanding on skills certification cooperation with TUV Rhein-land(China) Ltd, 29.________ leading testing and certification service provider headquartered in Germany.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了包括19名外国人在内的54人获得了“火锅厨师”职业技能证书,成为中国公认的火锅专业人士。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华,为推进科普教育,你校英语社团正在开展“学科学,用科学”的演讲活动,请你以“Intelligent Technology Enters Our Life”为话题,写一篇演讲稿参加比赛,内容包括:
1.智能科技在生活中的应用;
2.学习智能科技的作用和意义。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and students, ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　Thank you!
【参考范文】
Ⅴ.读后续写(满分25分)
Police chief Matthew Bruce’s son, Adam, came late into his lives, so he always spoiled him and never said no to him for anything.As Adam grew older, he began to take his parents’ love and concern for granted, as if it were permission for him to do whatever he pleased.There were certainly times when he was criticized for bad grades or sneaking out of the house, but that was limited to only minor blame.Adam thought that if he pretended to be an “ideal” son, he would have to face absolutely no blame from his parents.So he began to act like a good son in front of them while engaging in all sorts of wrongdoings behind their backs, such as breaking the law.However, Adam always got away with it.
One day, Adam was driving back from a party with his friend Freddie when he began over-speeding.Freddie warned him to slow down, but Adam didn’t listen.Adam’s driving worried Freddie.He asked Adam to slow down again, and when Adam didn’t, he grabbed the steering wheel himself, causing the car to slide off the road and ran into a tree on the side.Then they heard the alarm of a police car behind them.The car came to a stop in front of them, and a police officer approached them.
“I’ve been following your car for a while now, and I’m afraid I’ll have to take you to the station for speeding.May I have your driver’s license first ” the police officer said.
Freddie was scared.“Here’s my driver’s license, sir,” he said, offering it to the officer.Adam tried to explain that he was the police chief’s son, but the police officer turned a deaf ear to him.They drove him to the station, and when Adam stepped inside, he was surprised to see his father there.He had been called to the station for an urgent case.
注意:续写词数应为 150个左右。
Adam felt no worries and thought he was out of trouble.___________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
He told Adam he would need to earn money himself to pay for the fine._______
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 3 Food and Culture
(25分钟　40分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 人工智能的应用 2026·南通模拟 人与社会 科学与教 学的融合
　　In my last job, I taught academic writing to doctoral students at a technical college.My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I did.They recognized large language models(LLMs) like ChatGPT as unreliable research tools.They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research.However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI.Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking ChatGPT to write their articles.
As an experienced teacher, I reminded students that ChatGPT may change the meaning of a text when asked to revise, that it can produce biased and inaccurate information, that it does not generate stylistically strong writing and, for those grade-oriented students, that it does not result in A-level work.It did not matter.The students still used it.
Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research.Using ChatGPT to complete assignments is bringing a forklift into the weight room.
Generative AI is, in some ways, a democratizing(民主化的) tool.Many of my students were non-native speakers of English.Their writing frequently contained grammatical errors.Generative AI is effective at correcting grammar.However, the technology often changes vocabulary and meaning even when the only prompt is “fix the grammar”. As a result, I found myself spending many hours grading writing that I knew was generated by AI.That is, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students.So I quit.
The best educators will adapt to AI.Teachers will find ways to encourage students to think critically and know what writing is.However, those lessons require that students be willing to leave their comfort zone.Students must learn to move forward with faith in their own cognitive abilities as they write and revise their way into clarity.With few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 议论文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者在教学过程中观察到的学生使用生成式人工智能进行学术写作的现象展开,表达了作者对这一现象的担忧和批评
语篇 结构 Para.1 作者指出学生虽知AI缺陷,仍严重依赖ChatGPT完成学术写作
Para.2 作者作为教师多次提醒学生AI的诸多问题,但学生依然使用
Para.3 把写作外包给AI的学生会失去深度思考的机会;使用ChatGPT完成作业如同在健身房里用叉车,无法真正提升认知能力
Para.4 AI虽能修正语法,但常改变原意;作者花费很多时间批改AI生成的文章,反馈对象更像是AI而非学生
Para.5 优秀教师会适应AI,但学生需自愿走出舒适区,相信自身认知能力,才能真正提升写作与思考能力
1.What’s the problem with the writer’s students
A.Unfamiliarity with LLMs.
B.Heavy dependence on ChatGPT.
C.Failure to use existing novel research.
D.Unawareness of the technology drawbacks.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:problem with the writer’s students
定信息 定位:第一段“However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI.Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking ChatGPT to write their articles.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Unfamiliarity with LLMs. 与原文相反 考查学生对文章细节信息的理解与判断能力。此题意在检验学生能否从文章对学生使用生成式人工智能的相关描述中,准确识别出学生存在的核心问题,从而判断学生对文本关键信息的抓取和理解程度
B Heavy dependence on ChatGPT. 与关键句信息一致
C Failure to use existing novel research. 无中生有
D Unawareness of the technology drawbacks. 与原文相反
分析:选B。根据第一段可知,学生虽知AI不可靠,但仍严重依赖ChatGPT完成写作
2.What does the underlined sentence mean
A.The students should refuse to use ChatGPT.
B.The students can use a forklift to improve their writing.
C.The students balance the development of body and mind.
D.The students will never improve their cognitive fitness that way.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:underlined sentence mean
定信息 定位:第三段“Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research.Using ChatGPT to complete assignments is bringing a forklift into the weight room.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The students should refuse to use ChatGPT. 过度推断 考查学生通过比喻理解深层含义的能力,需区分字面义与隐喻义,明确“叉车进健身房”喻指“无法真正提升认知能力”
B The students can use a forklift to improve their writing. 曲解文意
C The students balance the development of body and mind. 无中生有
D The students will never improve their cognitive fitness that way. 与关键句信息一致
分析:选D。画线句比喻使用AI完成作业如同在健身房里用叉车,无法真正锻炼和提升认知能力
3.What do we know about the author’s experience with grading AI-generated writing
A.The author enjoyed it as it was error-free.
B.The author found it a quick and easy task.
C.The author spent more time responding to AI.
D.The author preferred it over students’ original work.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:grading AI-generated writing
定信息 定位:第四段“I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The author enjoyed it as it was error-free. 与原文相反 考查学生对文章细节信息的理解能力,要求学生从文中关于作者批改AI生成的写作的相关描述中,准确提取关键信息,进而判断作者在此过程中的经历与感受
B The author found it a quick and easy task. 与原文相反
C The author spent more time responding to AI. 与关键句信息一致
D The author preferred it over students’ original work. 无中生有
分析:选C。根据第四段,作者发现自己花在给AI反馈上的时间比给学生反馈的时间更多
4.What is a best solution according to the writer
A.Students learn to push through the discomfort.
B.Educators find ways to adapt to the technology.
C.Teachers move away from mechanical activities.
D.Students regain their faith in the technology change.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:best solution
定信息 定位:最后一段“those lessons require that students be willing to leave their comfort zone...move forward with faith in their own cognitive abilities...”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Students learn to push through the discomfort. 与关键句信息一致 考查学生推断作者所提解决方案的能力,需明确“学生主动走出舒适区”是核心建议,排除“教师适应技术”“放弃机械活动”“学生重拾技术信仰”等干扰
B Educators find ways to adapt to the technology. 片面,非核心方案
C Teachers move away from mechanical activities. 无中生有
D Students regain their faith in the technology change. 与作者观点相反
分析:选A。根据最后一段,作者认为学生需自愿走出舒适区,相信自身认知能力,才能真正提升写作与思考能力
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形 填空 5—19 √ 对快乐的追求 2025·广东模拟 人与自我 —
　　It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday.I was at the 　5　, on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow(博士后研究员).But something began to　6　 inside me as I watched the people around me—headphones hanging from their ears, eyes cast down,　7　 faces.They looked unhappy.And I realized that I was one of them.Suddenly, I could no longer 　8　 my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.
Over the years.I had grown more competitive due to the 　9　 of finishing my Ph.D.Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the 　10　 of what I had hoped for.I began to feel lonely and lost.I became less and less 　11　 in my scientific work.I hit my 　12　 point that day at the bus station.I had to end this before it was too late.I emailed my professors, explaining that I had put the　13　 first and myself second for too long.
Shortly after I got back home, I started to receive some emails from my workmates—I guessed they expected me to join them again soon.After a few 　14　 asking how I was, in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life.Vulnerable(脆弱的) researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells(壳), seeking 　15　.It occurred to me that we all　16　 sometimes, and our vulnerability seemed so much alike that I 　17　 myself from all that had bothered me for days. 　18　 it can be a win-win game, instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses.Working with others and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions 　19　;it means we can all succeed.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在车站等待去实验室的车时,发现周围的人都不快乐,作者意识到自己长期以来致力于工作上的竞争而忽略了自身的快乐,于是请假回家了,而同事的邮件让作者意识到大家都是如此,与人合作并请求帮助并不会让自己的贡献变得不重要,相反它会让所有人都成功。
5. A.store　　　 B.office
C.cafe shop D.station
【解析】选D。考查名词(短语)辨析。句意:我在车站,在去实验室的路上,我在那里做博士后研究员。store商店;office办公室;cafe shop咖啡店;station车站。根据句中的“on my way to the lab”可知,作者在去实验室的路上,所以他此时是在车站。故选D。
6. A.settle B.disappear
C.awaken D.explode
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:但当我看着周围的人——耳机挂在耳朵上,眼睛低垂着,一脸严肃——我的内心开始觉醒。settle解决;disappear消失;awaken觉醒,唤起;explode爆炸。根据下文中的“And I realized that I was one of them.(我意识到我就是其中之一)”可知,作者看到周围人的状况时,他的内心觉醒了。故选C。
7. A.uncertain B.unique
C.unfamiliar D.unsmiling
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。uncertain不确定的;unique独特的;unfamiliar不熟悉的;unsmiling不笑的。根据下文中的“They looked unhappy.(他们看起来不高兴)”可知,这些人表情冷漠、不苟言笑。故选D。
8. A.begin with B.get rid of
C.proceed with D.get down to
【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意:突然间,我无法再继续我的工作生活,于是订了一张单程机票飞回家。begin with以……开始;get rid of摆脱;proceed with继续;get down to开始做。根据空后的“booked a one-way ticket to fly home”可知,作者无法再继续自己的工作了,就回家了。故选C。
9. A.pressure B.response
C.commitment D.obligation
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:多年来,由于完成博士学位的压力,我变得更有竞争力了。pressure压力;response回应;commitment承诺;obligation义务。根据句中的“I had grown more competitive”和常识可知,作者完成博士学业是很有压力的,所以变得更有竞争力。下一段的“in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life(在邮件中许多人表达了他们学术生活的压力)”也是提示,故选A。
10. A.outcome B.opposite
C.means D.alternative
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:那些本可以成为伙伴的人变成了我不喜欢的竞争对手,这种竞争的效果与我所希望的完全相反。outcome结果;opposite反面;means方法;alternative替代物。and连接并列句,前后应表示顺承。根据“Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked”可知,一些本可以成为伙伴的人,结果却成了竞争对手,所以这种竞争的效果与作者原本希望的相反。故选B。
11. A.responsible B.anxious
C.tough D.productive
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我在科学工作上的效率越来越低。responsible负责任的;anxious焦虑的;tough艰难的;productive多产的,富有成效的。根据前文“I began to feel lonely and lost.(我开始感到孤独和迷茫)”可知,作者的心态发生了变化,他感到孤独和迷茫,所以在科学工作中的效率也越来越低。故选D。
12. A.starting B.breaking
C.ending D.boiling
【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。句意:那天我在公交站达到了崩溃的地步。starting开始;breaking打破;ending结束;boiling沸腾的。根据下文中的“I had to end this before it was too late.(我必须在为时已晚之前结束这一切)”可知,作者的情绪已经达到了崩溃点,所以才决定要结束这一切。故选B。
13. A.fame B.honor
C.partner D.occupation
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:我给教授们发了一封电子邮件,解释说我长期以来一直把工作放在第一位,把自己放在第二位。fame名声;honor荣誉;partner同伴;occupation职业。根据空后的“and myself second”和上文中的“my work life”可知,作者长期以来把工作放在第一位,把自己放在第二位。故选D。
14. A.accounts B.jokes
C.lines D.greetings
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:在问候了我几句之后,许多人在邮件中表达了他们学术生活的压力。accounts解释,理由;jokes玩笑;lines排,行;greetings问候,招呼。根据句中的“in the emails”可知,在同事发来的邮件中,头几行问候了作者的情况。故选C。
15. A.beliefs B.assistance
C.hardships D.answers
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:脆弱的研究人员从壳里探出头来寻求帮助。beliefs信念;assistance帮助;hardships艰难;answers回答,答案。根据文章末句中的“asking for help”可知,这里是指寻求帮助。故选B。
16. A.choked B.hesitated
C.relaxed D.suffered
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:我突然想到,我们有时都会痛苦,我们的脆弱看起来如此相似,以至于我从困扰我多日的事情中解脱了出来。choked窒息;hesitated犹豫;relaxed放松;suffered遭受,受苦。根据上文中的“their stress of academic life”和句中的“our vulnerability seemed so much alike”可知,作者和同事都有学术压力,他们的脆弱很相似,所以他们都遭受痛苦。故选D。
17. A.protected B.discouraged
C.liberated D.excused
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。protected保护;discouraged阻止;liberated解放,使自由;excused原谅。根据空后的“myself from all that had bothered me for days”可知,作者意识到他们都一样后,他从困扰自己多日的事情中解脱了出来。故选C。
18. A.Actually B.Generally
C.Eventually D.Fortunately
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意:事实上它可以是一个双赢的游戏,而不是一方赢而另一方输的游戏。Actually事实上;Generally通常,一般地;Eventually最后;Fortunately幸运地。根据空后的“it can be a win-win game”可知,作者在此处想强调事实上可以双赢。故选A。
19. A.irregular B.improper
C.illogical D.insignificant
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:与他人合作并寻求帮助并不会让我的贡献变得无足轻重;这意味着我们都能成功。irregular不规则的;improper不正确的;illogical不合逻辑的;insignificant无足轻重的。根据下文“it means we can all succeed”可知,与他人合作和寻求帮助能让所有人都成功,而不会让作者的贡献变得不重要。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
语法 填空 20—29 √ 丝绸之路温室设计 2026·江苏模拟 人与自然 —
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Route influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 20.________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 21.________(function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝).These sepals open on warm days 22.________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays 23.________(close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 24.________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Route, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 25.________ first time.These plants included modern Western 26.________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Route.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 27.________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 28.________ brought the plants from their native habitats in Asia to come to define much of the 29.________(rich) of gardening in England.
【文章大意】赫斯维克工作室在英国花园建“玻璃屋”,运用新技术兼具美观与实用,周边丝绸之路花园展现丝绸之路对英国园艺的影响。
20.【解析】engineering。句意:应用最新的工程技术来打造这座既具防护功能又美观的建筑。此处应用名词engineering,作定语,修饰名词techniques,engineering technique表示“工程技术”。故填engineering。
21.【解析】functional。此处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语。故填functional。
22.【解析】 to give。句意:这些萼片会在温暖的日子里打开,给里面的植物阳光和新鲜空气。根据句意和句子结构,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to give。
23.【解析】closed。句意:在寒冷的天气里,这座建筑会保持关闭状态以保护植物。空前的stays意为“保持”,是系动词,其后应用形容词closed“关闭的”作表语。故填closed。
24.【解析】walks。 句意:此外,温室周围的丝绸之路花园会带领游客了解一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程,丝绸和许多植物物种就是通过古丝绸之路首次来到英国的。walk sb.through sth.带领某人了解某事,固定搭配,此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden是单数,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
25.【解析】the。for the first time首次,是固定搭配。故填the。
26.【解析】favourites。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的植物,如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。此处应用名词作宾语,根据后面的such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知不止一种植物,应用复数形式。故填favourites。
27.【解析】as。 句意:这座“玻璃屋”作为当代设计中的一项伟大成就,它将中国西南部的植物安置在追溯丝绸之路的一条小路的尽头,丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里,定义了英国园艺的丰富性。此处表示作为,应用介词as。stand as“作为……存在”。故填as。
28.【解析】that/which。分析句子结构,此处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是the Silk Route,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
29.【解析】richness。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,此处应用名词作宾语,故填richness。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 1　Science and Scientists
(65分钟　80分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 无人机在铁路领域的应用 — 人与社会 —
Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 无人机可助铁路巡检提安全省成本,未来还有轨道无人机助力
语篇 结构 Para.1 无人机有望全天候保障全球铁路轨道与基础设施安全,提升可靠性并节省巨额年度维护成本
Para.2 无人机可高效巡检轨道与道岔,定期检查能显著提升铁路的安全性、可靠性、准点率与运营效率,降低成本
Para.3 无人机辅助巡检能大幅减少维护开支,同时降低维护人员夜间作业风险
Para.4 未来的轨道无人机将配备传感器与人工智能技术,在列车前方自主运行,实时探测隐患并引导列车及时应对
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第二段的 “Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The use of drones in checking on power lines. 正确 考查学生对 “无人机应用于铁路” 的前提条件的理解,检验能否定位到 “高压电线巡检的现有应用” 这一依据
B Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. 无中生有
C The reduction of cost in designing drones. 无中生有
D Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. 无中生有
分析:选A。根据原文,无人机在高压电线巡检中的已有应用,为其应用于铁路线奠定了基础,因此是这一因素让无人机用于铁路线成为可能
2.What does the underlined word “maintenance” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:maintenance in Paragraph 3 refer to
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第三段的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Personnel safety. 偷换概念 考查学生对词汇在语境中的含义理解,检验能否通过上下文推测 “maintenance” 的语义
B Assistance from drones. 答非所问
C Inspection and repair. 正确
D Construction of infrastructure. 无中生有
分析:选C。根据第三段语境,“maintenance” 包含轨道检查和故障维修,对应 “Inspection and repair”
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:function is expected of the rail drones
定信息 在原文中对应关键信息确定答题关键句为最后一段的 “With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A To provide early warning. 正确 考查学生对无人机预期功能的理解,检验能否定位到 “提前预警” 这一核心功能
B To make trains run automatically. 无中生有
C To earn profits for the crews. 无中生有
D To accelerate transportation. 无中生有
分析:选A。根据原文,铁路无人机的预期功能是检测潜在故障并发出预警,即 “提供早期预警”
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:most suitable title
定信息 需结合全文主旨(无人机在铁路领域的应用、功能及对铁路行业的影响)
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones 以偏概全 考查学生对文章整体内容的理解能力,判断学生能否把握文章的核心意义
B How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded 偏离主旨
C What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face 偏离主旨
D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 正确
分析:选D。全文围绕 “无人机在铁路领域的应用、功能” 展开,核心是无人机对铁路行业未来的改变,因此D选项最能概括主旨
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形 填空 5—19 √ 女孩Chloe拾获并归还奥运金牌 2026·河南模拟 人与社会 —
　　Chloe Smith is a little girl from Atlanta, Georgia.One day, while taking a walk with her father near their home, she 　5　 something shiny under a pile of rubbish.She picked up the 　6　to take home, as she often did on her treasure-hunting walks.Chloe was later 　7　 to discover she had found a stolen Olympic gold medal.
The medal belongs to former canoeist(划艇运动员) Joe Jacobi, who won gold while 　8　 for Team USA in the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games.The medal, along with other personal belongings, was 　9　 in May of 2016 when someone broke into Jacobi’s car.Though police managed to 　10　 some of his stolen items, they hadn’t been able to find his　11　Olympic medal.It may have been lost forever, if not for a little girl’s treasure-hunting 　12　.
Chloe’s dad had seen Jacobi’s story on the news, and 　13　 realized it was his stolen property.He found Jacobi’s email and sent him pictures of the treasure.After 　14　 the medal, Jacobi was astonished, just speechless.
Chloe was 　15　to give it back after speaking with Jacobi on the phone.　16　, Jacobi promised to speak to her class when school begins again this fall.The 　17　of this little girl reuniting an Olympian with his beloved possession is　18　.When we talk about character and doing the 　19　 thing, Chloe represents the Olympic values in every sense of the word.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小女孩Chloe 散步时发现一枚奥运金牌,原是划艇运动员 Jacobi 的被盗之物。她归还了金牌,体现了奥运精神。
5.A.sought　 B.buried　 C.noticed　 D.dropped
【解析】选C。考查动词。结合语境,Chloe在散步时“注意到”垃圾堆下有闪亮的东西。sought寻找;buried 埋葬;noticed注意到;dropped掉落。故选C。
6.A.waste B.object C.material D.antique
【解析】选B。考查名词。她捡起那个“物品”带回家。“object” 泛指具体的物品,符合文意;waste垃圾;material材料;antique古董。故选B。
7.A.embarrassed B.satisfied
C.frightened D.shocked
【解析】选D。考查形容词。后来发现捡到的是奥运金牌,这是令人“震惊的”,shocked符合语境。embarrassed尴尬的;satisfied满意的;frightened害怕的。故选D。
8.A.competing B.applying
C.coaching D.preparing
【解析】选A。考查动词。Joe Jacobi是划艇运动员, 在1992年巴赛罗那奥运会上代表美国队“参赛”并获得金牌。competing参赛;applying申请;coaching训练;preparing准备。故选A。
9.A.broken B.stolen C.replaced D.deserted
【解析】选B。考查动词。由后文“someone broke into Jacobi’s car”可知,奖牌和其他私人物品被“偷了”,stolen符合语境,故选B。
10.A.purchase B.register
C.preserve D.recover
【解析】选D。考查动词。警方设法“找回”了部分被盗物品。故选D。
11.A.secured B.prized
C.advertised D.priced
【解析】选B。考查形容词。奥运金牌对运动员来说是“珍贵的”。secured 安全的;prized 珍贵的;advertised 广告的;priced 附有定价的。故选B。
12.A.project B.decision C.habit D.idea
【解析】选C。考查名词。Chloe有“寻宝散步”的“习惯”,habit符合语境。故选C。
13.A.quickly B.gradually
C.really D.carefully
【解析】选A。考查副词。Chloe的爸爸在新闻上看过Jacobi的故事,所以“很快”意识到那是被盗物品,quickly体现反应迅速,符合语境。故选A。
14.A.identifying B.obtaining
C.evaluating D.investigating
【解析】选A。考查动词。Jacobi“认出”奖牌后非常惊讶。identifying意为“辨认出”,符合他看到照片后确认奖牌的动作;obtaining获得;evaluating评估;investigating调查。故选A。
15.A.sorry B.eager
C.upset D.hesitant
【解析】选B。考查形容词。Chloe在电话中与Jacobi交谈后,应该是“急于”归还奖牌,体现她的善良,eager符合语境。故选B。
16.A.In addition B.In fact
C.In return D.In advance
【解析】选C。考查介词短语。Chloe归还奖牌,Jacobi承诺去她班上演讲。In return作为回报,符合语境;In addition此外;In fact事实上;In advance提前。故选C。
17.A.purpose B.report
C.attempt D.story
【解析】选D。考查名词。此处指这个小女孩帮奥运选手找回珍贵物品的“故事”,story符合对整个事件的描述。purpose目的;report报告;attempt尝试。故选D。
18.A.heart-warming B.breath-taking
C.eye-catching D.life-changing
【解析】选A。考查形容词。这个故事是“暖心的”,heart-warming符合语境。breath-taking惊人的;eye-catching引人注目的;life-changing改变人生的。故选A。
19.A.important B.simple
C.interesting D.right
【解析】选D。考查形容词。此处指“做正确的事”,Chloe归还奖牌是正确的行为,right符合语境,故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
语法 填空 20—29 √ 中外人士获火锅厨师证 2025·泰安模拟 人与社会 —
　　A total of 54 people, including 19 foreigners, have received their vocational(职业技术的) skill certificates as “hotpot chefs” recently, becoming 20.________(professional) recognized for this occupation in China.
Soon 21.________ they passed previous cooking exams, these skilled workers from countries such as Poland, Pakistan and Ghana 22.________(award) certificates of various levels during the Launch Ceremony of the Belt and Road International Skills Certification held in Chongqing last month.
The role of the hotpot chef was 23.________(official) recognized in the 2022 edition of China’s occupational classification code.A detailed standard that outlines the profession’s 24.________(define) and vocational training requirements was published in February by China’s Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Commerce.
25.________(recognize) rationally(合理地) for its spicy hotpot, Chongqing took the lead in formulating the industry standard.As of June 2024 Chongqing was home to around 37,000 hotpot restaurants, with the total output of the hotpot industry chain 26.________(reach) 300 billion yuan, according to the Chongqing Municipal Commission of Commerce.
Chongqing 27.________(make) significant progress in establishing an international evaluation system for skilled talent.During the event, Chongqing also launched other international skills certifications across various areas, 28.________ included catering, the Internet and new energy.Furthermore, Chongqing institutions also signed a note of understanding on skills certification cooperation with TUV Rhein-land(China) Ltd, 29.________ leading testing and certification service provider headquartered in Germany.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要报道了包括19名外国人在内的54人获得了“火锅厨师”职业技能证书,成为中国公认的火锅专业人士。
20.【解析】professionals。考查名词的数。句意:最近,共有54人,其中包括19名外国人,获得了“火锅厨师”职业技术证书,成为在中国该职业领域内获得认可的专业人士。professional意为“专业人士”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,指54个人成为专业人士,这里应用名词复数。故填professionals。
21.【解析】after。考查状语从句。句意:在他们通过之前的烹饪考试后不久,这些来自波兰、巴基斯坦和加纳等国的技术工人在上个月于重庆举行的一带一路国际技能认证启动仪式上,被授予了不同等级的证书。空处引导状语从句,表示在他们通过之前的烹饪考试后不久,应用after引导时间状语从句。故填after。
22.【解析】were awarded。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“last month”可知,这里表示过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。主语these skilled workers和award之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数,be动词用were。故填were awarded。
23.【解析】officially。考查副词。句意:火锅厨师的角色在2022年版的中国职业分类代码中得到了正式认可。空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。officially意为“正式地,官方地”。故填officially。
24.【解析】definition。考查名词。句意:中国人力资源和社会保障部与商务部于2月发布了一份详细的标准,该标准概述了该职业的定义和职业培训要求。空前有“the profession’s”,这里应用名词,definition意为“定义”。故填definition。
25.【解析】Recognized。考查非谓语动词。句意:重庆因其麻辣火锅而得到合理的认可,率先制定了行业标准。空处应用非谓语动词。Chongqing和recognize之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,过去分词作状语。故填Recognized。
26.【解析】reaching。考查非谓语动词。句意:据重庆市商务委员会称,截至2024年6月,重庆约有3.7万家火锅店,火锅产业链总产值达到3 000亿元。这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构,the total output和reach之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填reaching。
27.【解析】has made。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:重庆在建立国际技能人才评价体系方面取得了重大进展。这里表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,应用现在完成时。主语为Chongqing,助动词用has。故填has made。
28.【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意:活动期间,重庆还推出了包括餐饮、互联网、新能源在内的多个领域的国际技能认证。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为various areas,指物,且空处在句中作主语,所以用which引导。故填which。
29.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:此外,重庆机构还与总部位于德国的领先检测和认证服务提供商TUV莱茵(中国)有限公司签署了技能认证合作谅解备忘录。这里泛指一个领先检测和认证服务提供商,且leading的发音以辅音音素开头,应加不定冠词a。故填a。
Ⅳ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华,为推进科普教育,你校英语社团正在开展“学科学,用科学”的演讲活动,请你以“Intelligent Technology Enters Our Life”为话题,写一篇演讲稿参加比赛,内容包括:
1.智能科技在生活中的应用;
2.学习智能科技的作用和意义。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and students, ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　Thank you!
【参考范文】
Dear teachers and students,
My topic today is “Intelligent Technology Enters Our Life”.Intelligent technology has been widely applied in our daily life.For example, smart home systems can control lighting, temperature, and security with just a few taps on your phone.Smart wearable devices can monitor our health conditions and provide timely reminders for exercise and rest.In addition, intelligent transportation systems make our commuting more convenient and efficient.
In conclusion, intelligent technology has become an integral part of our life and learning science is essential for our personal growth and social development.Let’s learn science and technology actively and create a better future together.
　　Thank you!
Ⅴ.读后续写(满分25分)
Police chief Matthew Bruce’s son, Adam, came late into his lives, so he always spoiled him and never said no to him for anything.As Adam grew older, he began to take his parents’ love and concern for granted, as if it were permission for him to do whatever he pleased.There were certainly times when he was criticized for bad grades or sneaking out of the house, but that was limited to only minor blame.Adam thought that if he pretended to be an “ideal” son, he would have to face absolutely no blame from his parents.So he began to act like a good son in front of them while engaging in all sorts of wrongdoings behind their backs, such as breaking the law.However, Adam always got away with it.
One day, Adam was driving back from a party with his friend Freddie when he began over-speeding.Freddie warned him to slow down, but Adam didn’t listen.Adam’s driving worried Freddie.He asked Adam to slow down again, and when Adam didn’t, he grabbed the steering wheel himself, causing the car to slide off the road and ran into a tree on the side.Then they heard the alarm of a police car behind them.The car came to a stop in front of them, and a police officer approached them.
“I’ve been following your car for a while now, and I’m afraid I’ll have to take you to the station for speeding.May I have your driver’s license first ” the police officer said.
Freddie was scared.“Here’s my driver’s license, sir,” he said, offering it to the officer.Adam tried to explain that he was the police chief’s son, but the police officer turned a deaf ear to him.They drove him to the station, and when Adam stepped inside, he was surprised to see his father there.He had been called to the station for an urgent case.
注意:续写词数应为 150个左右。
Adam felt no worries and thought he was out of trouble.___________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
He told Adam he would need to earn money himself to pay for the fine._______
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
　　Adam felt no worries and thought he was out of trouble.He began begging his father to let him go and promised not to repeat the same mistake.At this point, Adam thought his father would talk about his case privately to him, and he’d get away with it as he always did, but his father wouldn’t let him off the hook this time.Bruce decided to teach him a lesson.He wanted his son to go to trial and be issued a fine.
He told Adam he would need to earn money himself to pay for the fine.In the end, Adam had to work a part-time job to pay off the fine.When Adam was finally freed from the fine, he didn’t stop working.After working hard for the money, he realized how hard it was to earn money and do something independently.He promised his parents that he would always obey them.That experience changed Adam for the better.Adam had to pay for his mistakes, no matter how hard he tried to avoid it.核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
(25分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 社区报纸复兴 2026·河北模拟 人与社会 —
5—8 √ 医疗人工智能 2025·浙江模拟 人与社会 —
A
When Dink NeSmith heard that his friend Ralph Maxwell was shutting down his weekly newspaper, The Oglethorpe Echo, due to health issues, he was determined to save the nearly 150-year-old publication from disappearing.
Both NeSmith and Maxwell are long-time residents of Oglethorpe County, located east of Athens.They have known each other for nearly five decades.NeSmith has also been contributing a column to The Oglethorpe Echo ever since he moved to Oglethorpe County.
Maxwell’s father bought The Oglethorpe Echo in 1956, but its origins date back to 1874.It’s a record of everything from local weddings to significant legislative(立法的) changes.
NeSmith looked up at the ceiling of the office, searching for an answer.Then, inspiration struck.He called Charles Davis, dean(院长) of the University of Georgia’s Henry W.Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication.“I’ve got an idea,” NeSmith told him.“I want to turn The Oglethorpe Echo into a practical training ground for the future journalists at the Grady College.”
Davis was enthusiastic about the idea, and they built a sustainable business model to ensure the newspaper’s future.They developed a cornerstone course(综合性课程) with The Oglethorpe Echo as its foundation.Students experience a working newsroom which acts as a stepping stone into their careers.
Traditionally run by a single reporter, The Echo now benefited from a team of eager student journalists.
Of course, they needed someone to run the newspaper.So Andy Johnston joined in.He was the adviser for The Red & Black from 2018 to 2021, was familiar with working with students, and had an extensive journalism background.Most importantly, he believed in the project.
He teams up with Amanda Bright, the course instructor, who has spent her career as a community journalist across various platforms, from mid-sized daily newspapers to digital startups.Together, they developed new digital strategies for The Oglethorpe Echo, including an email newsletter, four social media channels, and an updated website.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 Dink NeSmith为挽救朋友因健康问题将停刊的百年报纸《奥格尔索普回声报》,联合大学将其改为学生的实践培训平台,组建团队助其转型
语篇 结构 Para.1 Dink NeSmith得知好友Ralph Maxwell因健康问题要停办近150年历史的周报《奥格尔索普回声报》,决心挽救
Para.2 二人是奥格尔索普县的老居民,相识近50年,NeSmith长期为该报供稿
Para.3 报纸1874年起源,1956年由Maxwell的父亲买下,记录当地各类事件
Para.4 NeSmith突发灵感,联系佐治亚大学新闻与大众传播学院的院长,想将报纸打造成学生实践培训平台
Para.5 院长赞同,二人制定可持续商业模式,开设以报纸为基础的综合性课程供学生实践
Para.6 原仅一名记者运营的报纸,现获得一群热心学生记者的助力
Para.7 Andy Johnston加入负责报纸运营,他熟悉与学生合作、有丰富的新闻背景且认可该项目
Para.8 Andy与课程讲师Amanda合作,为报纸制定新的数字策略,包括电子邮件简报等
1.What has NeSmith ever done for The Oglethorpe Echo before the plan
A.He contributed regularly to a column.
B.He developed a cornerstone course.
C.He led a team of student journalists.
D.He suggested new digital strategies.
【解题过程】
2.What did NeSmith propose for The Oglethorpe Echo
A.A focus only on online news.
B.A partnership with local businesses.
C.A practical training platform for students.
D.A weekly publication with more journalists.
【解题过程】
3.What probably motivated Andy Johnston to join The Oglethorpe Echo
A.His belief in the potential of the project.
B.His familiarity with student work.
C.His connection to Oglethorpe County.
D.His desire for promotion in journalism.
【解题过程】
4.What does the text mainly talk about
A.The history of The Oglethorpe Echo.
B.Journalism education at Grady College.
C.NeSmith’s friendship with Maxwell.
D.The transformation of a local newspaper.
【解题过程】
B
Artificial intelligence(AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, offering new ways to improve patient outcomes and streamline medical processes.From diagnosing diseases to developing new drugs, AI technologies are revolutionizing how healthcare is delivered worldwide.However, this rapid progress also brings significant challenges that must be addressed.
One of the most promising applications of AI in healthcare is medical imaging analysis.Machine learning algorithms(算法) can now identify patterns in X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans with accuracy comparable to trained radiologists.In a 2023 study published in The Lancet Digital Health, an AI system correctly detected early-stage lung cancer in 94% of cases, outperforming human experts by 8 percentage points.This technology enables faster diagnosis, especially in regions where radiologists are scarce, allowing patients to receive timely treatment.
AI is also accelerating drug discovery.Traditional drug development can take over a decade and cost billions of dollars, with a high failure rate.By analyzing large datasets of molecular(分子的) structures and biological interactions, AI models can predict how potential drugs will interact with the human body, reducing the need for expensive laboratory experiments.For example, a British pharmaceutical company used AI to identify a potential treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) in just 12 months, a process that would typically take five to seven years.
Despite these advancements, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare.Data privacy is a major concern.Medical records contain sensitive personal information, and using this data to train AI systems raises risks of breaches or misuse.In 2022, a major healthcare provider suffered a data leak that exposed the medical records of over 1 million patients, many of whom were being used to develop AI diagnostic tools.
Another challenge is algorithmic bias.AI systems learn from historical data, which may reflect existing inequalities in healthcare.For instance, an AI tool designed to predict patient risk of heart disease was found to underestimate the risk for female patients because the training data included more male patients.Such biases can lead to incorrect diagnoses or unequal access to treatment.
Additionally, integrating AI into existing healthcare workflows remains difficult.Many hospitals use outdated IT systems that cannot easily connect with AI tools, requiring significant investment in infrastructure(基础设施).Healthcare professionals also need training to effectively use AI technologies, as over-reliance on algorithms without human oversight could compromise patient safety.
Looking forward, the potential of AI in healthcare is undeniable, but realizing this potential requires collaboration among technologists, healthcare providers, and policymakers.By establishing clear regulations for data privacy, addressing algorithmic bias through diverse training data, and investing in infrastructure and training, we can ensure that AI serves as a tool to enhance, rather than replace, human healthcare expertise.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在医疗领域展现出的变革性力量以及面临的诸多需要解决的挑战。
5.What is one advantage of AI in medical imaging analysis mentioned in the text
A.It reduces the need for medical imaging tests.
B.It enables faster diagnosis in areas with few radiologists.
C.It replaces radiologists in most healthcare settings.
D.It lowers the cost of X-ray and MRI machines.
6.Why does the author mention the British pharmaceutical company example
A.To show AI can speed up drug development.
B.To compare AI with traditional drug discovery methods.
C.To highlight the high cost of AI research.
D.To explain how AI interacts with molecular structures.
7.What does the underlined word “hinder” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Accelerate.　　　　　B.Support.
C.Prevent. D.Promote.
8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.AI has completely changed how healthcare is delivered.
B.AI in healthcare offers great potential but faces key challenges.
C.Medical imaging analysis is the most important AI application.
D.Data privacy is the biggest problem in AI healthcare development.
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9—13 √ 海军舰猫历史 2026·北京模拟 人与社会 —
　　They had names such as Tom the Terror, Dirty Face, and Bilgewater.They traveled thousands of miles on warships with history’s saltiest sailors.They were valued members of the crew, even issued uniforms for photographs and their own tiny beds for napping.They were the cats that served in the world’s navies.
Ship cats are not a recent phenomenon.They have been serving on ships for almost as long as humans have been going to sea.Ancient Egyptians depicted(描绘) them hunting from boats sailing down the Nile.　9　
Cats’ hunting skills on land made them valuable companions at sea.Rats and mice caused major problems on ships.　10　 Cats were a cheap and effective solution to these problems—and they were also good company.On long voyages, they could provide a vessel’s crew with affection and softness in the harsh environment of a ship.
Not surprisingly, sailors developed plenty of beliefs around cat behavior.Seamen preparing to sail considered it good luck when cats chose to board their vessels.　11　 An even worse omen(预兆) The sight of two cats fighting on a pier could be forewarning that those setting sail would die.
Though cats are known for their dislike of water, their biology makes them surprisingly suited to life at sea.Unlike human sailors who drank lemon juice to prevent scurvy, cats can make their own vitamin C.　12　 Cats are also able to obtain most of the water they need from their prey, so they do not require a lot of potable water as human sailors do.
　13　 The long run of the ship cat was ended by stricter international quarantine laws(检疫法) imposed.Many countries required a lengthy quarantine period for disembarking cats.If local officials caught one sneaking off a ship, the captain could be fined or even placed under arrest.
A.But it was a dreadful sign indeed when a cat decided to jump ship.
B.Therefore, they can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables.
C.They polluted and consumed food, chewed through equipment, and spread disease.
D.And the cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels.
E.And in the UK, the cats supplied to the Royal Navy even received a weekly allowance.
F.Since the beginning of the WWⅡ, however, most navies of the world have adopted a similar policy.
G.However, following the end of the WWⅡ, the special position that cats held on Navy ships began to decline.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了历史上猫在世界海军中的角色、它们的海上生活适应性以及随着国际检疫法的严格实施最终导致它们从舰船上消失的现象。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 5 First Aid
(25分钟　40分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 迷走神经在调节人体方面的作用 2026·宁波模拟 人与社会 —
　　It is late at night.You wander empty streets, heart pounding, muscles tense, sensing danger nearby.Now imagine the same situation, but without these responses.Would you still feel afraid Experiences like this unveil a profound truth: our minds are not just products of the brain but emerge from its constant dialogue with the body.
At the heart of this connection is the vagus nerve(迷走神经)—the body’s longest nerve.It winds its way from the brain throughout the head and trunk, issuing commands to our organs and receiving feelings from them.Much of the confusing range of functions it regulates are automatic and operate without conscious control.These complex responses engage a group of neural networks that link brain and body.The vagus nerve is, in one way of thinking, the conduit of the mind.
The primary function of the vagus nerve is to dampen the body’s response.After a fear episode, for example, the body’s powerful, life-saving threat response must be ended to restore resting heartbeat, breathing, blood flow and so on.So powerful is its influence that the vagus nerve can literally stop the beating heart.Conversely, it can also stimulate bodily responses by releasing the brake to accelerate.
The vagus nerve is the biological basis for many new therapies(疗法) worldwide.However, some people have taken the vagus nerve’s wide-ranging bodily influence as an invitation to engage in false science.In some corners of the Internet so-called polyvagal therapy—physical or breathing exercises that some claim reset the vagus nerve—is proposed to address just about any disorder of the mind or body.There’s little evidence that these popular therapies are anything but comfort.
The vagus nerve doesn’t need to be a cure for everything—it’s worth appreciating all on its own.Neuroscientists compare the vagus to an orchestra conductor, harmonizing bodily systems to compose our conscious experience.Professor Linda Rinaman once said, “We’re not just brains in jars.Our thoughts and feelings are rooted in flesh and blood.”
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 文章主要介绍了迷走神经作为连接大脑和身体的通道,在调节身体反应方面起着重要作用,是许多新疗法的生物学基础,但也存在被伪科学滥用的情况,最后强调身心是相互作用从而形成人类意识体验的
语篇 结构 Para.1 深夜遇险的假设揭示:心智源于大脑与身体的持续互动
Para.2 迷走神经是大脑与身体连接的核心,像心智的导体,调控诸多自动功能
Para.3 迷走神经主要作用是抑制身体反应,也能刺激身体反应
Para.4 迷走神经是新疗法的生物学基础,但相关虚假疗法缺乏证据,仅能提供安慰
Para.5 迷走神经无需包治百病,它协调身体系统,让思想情感扎根血肉
1.How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1
A.By sharing a story.　 B.By creating a scene.
C.By asking a question. D.By defining a concept.
【解题过程】
2.What does the underlined word “conduit”mean in Paragraph 2
A.Channel.　　　　　　B.Product.
C.Mirror. D.Nature.
【解题过程】
3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.The popularity of a biological treatment.
B.The effectiveness of breathing exercises.
C.The misuse of unproven nerve therapies.
D.The evidence of vagus nerve’s functions.
【解题过程】
4.What do Linda Rinaman’s words imply
A.Blood circulation determined our emotions.
B.Physical health is unrelated to mental states.
C.Body and mind interact to form experiences.
D.Our brain stores feelings separate from body.
【解题过程】
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形 填空 5—19 √ 16岁的帕克斯助无家可归者护眼 2025·嘉兴模拟 人与社会 —
　　Sixteen-year-old Parkes Long is on a mission to ensure unhoused people have healthy vision.Her project, I Wanna See Project, makes free eye care and glasses 　5　 to them.
Parkes’ inspiration came from her own experience with 　6　 issues that began when she was 7.She struggled to see her friends on the playground and often 　7　 things at home.Her parents took her to hospital, where she was prescribed(开处方) 　8　.
“The first time I put them on, I was 　9　 at how clearly everything looked,” Parkes said.As she grew older and became more aware of social inequality, she became worried about those who 　10　 something as essential as clear vision.“What if people donate unused glasses so others could see clearly ” She 　11　 the idea.Her mother was supportive and helped her make a plan of 　12　.
They started with a drive to collect glasses through social media and 　13　 drop boxes in their community, receiving 75 pairs of glasses.After her story was 　14　 on TV, the project gained more support.To ensure the donated glasses were 　15　 matched with the right individuals, Parkes carefully observed the process and even worked with doctors to 　16　 the glasses.
Looking ahead, Parkes envisions long-term goals for the project, including　17　 it to other states.
“The 　18　 she showed was really touching,” Parkes’ mother remarked.“Despite her tight schedule, she remains 　19　 to improving the life of many people.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的帕克斯受自身经历启发,发起“我想看见” 项目,为无家可归者提供免费眼部护理和眼镜,还计划拓展项目。
5.A.accessible　　　　　 B.practical
C.necessary D.helpful
6.A.financial B.mental
C.visual D.academic
7.A.ran into B.stared at
C.searched for D.moved around
8.A.medicine B.glasses
C.surgery D.examinations
9.A.puzzled B.amazed
C.amused D.frightened
10.A.depend on B.care about
C.suffer from D.go without
11.A.understood B.considered
C.raised D.valued
12.A.treatment B.action
C.budget D.assessment
13.A.filled B.opened
C.placed D.piled
14.A.aired B.adapted
C.continued D.invented
15.A.quickly B.randomly
C.frequently D.effectively
16.A.donate B.produce
C.exchange D.distribute
17.A.linking B.transporting
C.expanding D.attaching
18.A.sympathy B.courage
C.patience D.optimism
19.A.suited B.addicted
C.related D.committed
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
语法 填空 20—29 √ 中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗 2026·四川模拟 人与社会 —
　　Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29th.This unique culture, 20.________(compose) of knowledge, skills and practices concerning management of tea plantations, picking of tea leaves, and the processing, drinking and sharing of tea, is the 43rd entry from China on the list, whose total tops all other countries.The tea that 21.________(appeal) to the world for thousands of years finally received top-level global 22.________(recognize) as a shared cultural treasure of mankind.
According to UNESCO, in China traditional tea processing techniques are 23.________(close) associated with geographical location and natural environment, resulting 24.________ six categories in China—green, black, yellow, oolong, white and dark.
25.________ an official document explained, tea is a fundamental cultural element to Chinese people’s daily life.Practices of greeting guests with tea and building good relationships through tea-related activities 26.________(share) among multiple ethnic groups, and provide 27.________ sense of identity and continuity for communities, groups and 28.________(individual) concerned.
In China, it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, with over 3,000 graduates 29.________(specialize) in tea production and art every year.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗被列入了联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
(25分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 道路对野生动物的影响 2026·浙江模拟 人与自然 —
5—8 √ 城市设计影响人际互动 2026·湛江模拟 人与社会 —
A
Through evolution, animals have developed numerous ways to protect themselves from predators(捕食者).Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks(臭鼬) use smelly liquid.But these defenses don’t work against cars.Environmental journalist Ben Goldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless—or even harmful.Staying still is the worst choice.Roadkill is a serious threat to wildlife.”
Roads also act as barriers, preventing animals from moving freely.The constant traffic on highways creates what scientists call a “moving fence”—a wall of vehicles that animals avoid crossing.While we often see dead animals like deer or squirrels on roads, we don’t see the ones that never try to cross.This isolation can harm animal populations more than roadkill itself.
Chemicals from roads also damage the environment.Every year, the U.S.uses about 20 million tons of road salt to melt ice, which pollutes nearby soil and plants.Cars release metals like zinc and copper, and tires leave behind microplastics.These pollutants make roadsides dangerous for creatures like monarch butterflies, even though these areas could otherwise be good habitats.
Roadsides sometimes attract animals with food like flowers or berries, but this becomes an “ecological trap”.Animals are drawn to these resources, only to face the danger of traffic.
Interestingly, when traffic decreases, animals quickly adapt.Researchers in the Bay Area found that when cars disappeared for months, white-crowned sparrows—small songbirds—started singing more complex and varied songs.Without traffic noise, they no longer needed to “shout” and could return to their natural behaviors.This shows how much roads affect wildlife—but also how adaptable animals can be.
Despite these challenges, Goldfarb says, certain species have made remarkable adaptations.He notes that Chicago’s urban foxes are said to look both ways before crossing the street.“We think about roads as these forces that are universally or exclusively harmful to animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says.“But wildlife is also impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways to make a living in our midst.”
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与自然
语篇 内容 文章主要介绍了道路对野生动物产生的多方面影响,包括道路致死、阻碍迁徙、造成污染以及形成生态陷阱等,同时也提到了动物在交通减少时的适应能力和某些物种的适应性变化
语篇 结构 Para.1 动物演化出多种御敌之法,却对汽车无用,路杀是野生动物面临的重大威胁
Para.2 道路如屏障般阻碍动物自由活动,这种隔离对动物种群的危害比路杀本身更大
Para.3 道路上的化学物质污染周边环境,使路边对帝王蝶等生物变得危险
Para.4 路边食物会吸引动物,却易让它们陷入交通危险,形成“生态陷阱”
Para.5 交通减少时动物能快速适应,如湾区白冠麻雀恢复复杂鸣叫
Para.6 部分物种能出色适应道路环境,如芝加哥的城市狐狸过马路前会左右看
1.How does the author start the text in the first paragraph
A.By stating a reason.　 B.By providing statistics.
C.By defining a concept. D.By giving examples.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:start the text in the first paragraph
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第一段的“Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks use smelly liquid.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A By stating a reason. 无中生有 考查学生对文章开篇方式的理解能力,检验学生能否判断第一段的写作手法
B By providing statistics. 无中生有
C By defining a concept. 无中生有
D By giving examples. 正确
分析:选D。第一段通过列举乌龟躲进壳里和臭鼬使用臭液开篇
2.What harmful impact do roads have on wildlife
A.Less food supply.
B.Restricted movement.
C.Increased predators.
D.Species extinction.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:harmful impact do roads have on wildlife
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第二段第一句“Roads also act as barriers, preventing animals from moving freely.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Less food supply. 无中生有 考查学生对文章细节的理解能力,检验学生能否准确找到道路对野生动物的有害影响
B Restricted movement. 正确
C Increased predators. 无中生有
D Species extinction. 无中生有
分析:选B。根据第二段可知,道路对野生动物的有害影响是限制了它们的活动
3.What can we infer from Goldfarb’s words in the last paragraph
A.Roads are not truly harmful to wildlife.
B.Urban foxes seldom get hit by vehicles.
C.Animals adapt cleverly to dangerous roads.
D.Wildlife protection deserves highest attention.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:Goldfarb’s words in the last paragraph
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为最后一段的“‘We think about roads as these forces that are universally or exclusively harmful to animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,’ he says.‘But wildlife is also impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways to make a living in our midst.’”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A Roads are not truly harmful to wildlife. 表述错误 考查学生对人物话语的推理能力,检验学生能否根据Goldfarb的话推断出正确结论
B Urban foxes seldom get hit by vehicles. 无中生有
C Animals adapt cleverly to dangerous roads. 正确
D Wildlife protection deserves highest attention. 无中生有
分析:选C。根据最后一段Goldfarb的话可知,动物能聪明地适应危险的道路
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To advocate reducing traffic.
B.To preserve wildlife diversity.
C.To analyze roads’ effects on wildlife.
D.To highlight roadkill danger to animals.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:author’s purpose in writing this passage
定信息 综合全文内容,文章分析了道路对野生动物的多方面影响,包括造成路杀、形成屏障、带来化学污染等,也提到了动物的适应情况
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A To advocate reducing traffic. 无中生有 考查学生对文章写作目的的概括能力,检验学生能否把握作者的写作意图
B To preserve wildlife diversity. 无中生有
C To analyze roads’ effects on wildlife. 正确
D To highlight roadkill danger to animals. 以偏概全
分析:选C。作者写这篇文章的目的是分析道路对野生动物的影响
B
　　Jan Gehl is an architect and a city design consultant.His idea in a book shows an important truth: City environments influence human interaction.In poorly designed streets, there is little activity—people hurry home and avoid talking to others.In comparison, well-designed spaces set free different activities, from casual walks to public gatherings.As Gehl says, the difference between lifeless roads and lively streets lies in design that welcomes spontaneity(自发性).
Street corners show this well.Busy crossroads have their own social patterns: People waiting for traffic lights chat, say goodbye, or gather around vendor stalls(摊位).Sociologist William H.Whyte observed in The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces that even a single vendor can transform a corner into a mini-community, proving that small spaces can help build big relationships.These moments turn ordinary stops into opportunities for interaction.
Streets are the birthplace of relationships.Neighbors meet on connecting roads;coworkers bond over roadside drinks;strangers share short talks.These interactions build the urban social structure.As the lines between public and private spaces become less clear, streets become like extensions of home, where community takes shape naturally.
Urban experts emphasize the power of design.Jane Jacobs’ “frequent streets” prioritize daily interactions, while Edward T.Hall’s research shows seating arrangements affect social dynamics.A bench facing an open area or a sunny walkway encourages people to pause and interact.Thoughtful design—from shade structures to designs that are friendly to pedestrians(行人)—turns spaces into places for connection.
Despite their value, lively streets are rare due to challenges like noise, pollution, and safety worries.Planners must realize well-maintained streets should be places where people feel they belong, proving that life between buildings is the life of the city.So they should address these through comprehensive design: protecting spaces from bad elements, reducing traffic jams, and ensuring access for everyone.Taking care of them is also important, as well-designed spaces do well only when they are kept up.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了城市设计影响人际互动,专家强调了设计的重要性并建议改善街道设计,以促进互动。
5.What does the first paragraph mainly show
A.Roads are full of entertainment activities.
B.City design shapes the ways people interact.
C.Poor street design results in low foot traffic.
D.Public gatherings depend on space maintenance.
【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第一段中“Jan Gehl is an architect and a city design consultant.His idea in a book shows an important truth: City environments influence human interaction.(Jan Gehl是一位建筑师和城市设计顾问。他在一本书中的观点揭示了一个重要的事实:城市环境影响人类互动。)”可知,第一段主要表明城市设计塑造了人们的互动方式。
6.What role do vendor stalls play according to Paragraph 2
A.Protecting pedestrian safety.
B.Transforming commercial zones.
C.Serving as social gathering points.
D.Creating job opportunities in communities.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sociologist William H.Whyte observed in The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces that even a single vendor can transform a corner into a mini-community, proving that small spaces can help build big relationships.(社会学家William H.Whyte在《小城市空间的社会生活》中观察到,即使是一个摊贩也能把一个街角变成一个小社区,这证明小空间有助于建立大关系。)”可知,摊位起到了社交聚集点的作用。
7.What do Jane Jacobs and Edward T.Hall emphasize about the design in streets
A.Its source.　　　　　B.Its impacts.
C.Its complexity. D.Its limitations.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中“Urban experts emphasize the power of design.Jane Jacobs’ ‘frequent streets’ prioritize daily interactions, while Edward T.Hall’s research shows seating arrangements affect social dynamics.(城市专家强调设计的力量。Jane Jacobs的‘多而密的街道’优先考虑日常互动,而Edward T.Hall的研究表明,座位安排会影响社会动态。)”可知,Jane Jacobs和Edward T.Hall强调了街道设计的影响。
8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph
A.To make a bet.
B.To make decisions.
C.To make a complaint.
D.To make suggestions.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So they should address these through comprehensive design: protecting spaces from bad elements, reducing traffic jams, and ensuring access for everyone.Taking care of them is also important, as well-designed spaces do well only when they are kept up.(因此,他们应该通过综合设计来解决这些问题:保护空间免受不良因素的影响,减少交通拥堵,确保人人都能通行。照顾好它们也很重要,因为只有精心维护,设计良好的空间才能发挥作用。)”可知,作者写最后一段的主要目的是提出建议。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9—13 √ 赠礼行为引发心理压力 2025·潍坊模拟 人与社会 —
　　Gifts are so meaningful that many believe that gifts from their romantic partner are a big way they can understand how much their partner loves them.　9　But in fact, gift-giving and receiving is actually the least popular love language.This leads to the question: Why do most people say that gift-giving stresses them out
Part of the problem is that occasions that involve gift-giving are filled with uncertainty.If it’s an occasion like Christmas, where people are shopping for each other at the same time, people might be nervous about whether the gift they give will be in the same category as the gift they will also receive.　10　Imagine that someone is showing some signs of Seasonal Affective Disorder, and you’re considering giving him a light therapy(光疗) lamp as a gift.The receiver may possibly regard this as “just what they needed”. But what if the lamp-receiver interprets the gift as an unwelcome piece of comment on their current state
Another issue is that you’re probably going to give a bad gift, and that bad gift might overshadow the many good gifts you’ve given.　11　The idea, simply put, is that bad outcomes have a stronger psychological impact than comparable good outcomes.Few baseball fans remember all the ground balls that Bill Buckner fielded cleanly but many remember the one that went through his legs.
Worst of all, there’s the anxiety that comes with receiving gifts.You might expect that a lot of well-meaning but disappointing gifts are heading your way.There can be some unease that comes with knowing that you’ll soon need to perform joy and appreciation.　12　
　13　When done carefully, it can be a wonderful way to communicate to loved ones that we appreciate and understand them.Gifts can absolutely draw people closer together in a lasting way.
A.The smell of a bad gift can remain.
B.However, gift-giving is not all bad, of course.
C.Uncertainty can also result from different categories of gifts.
D.There is also great uncertainty around how the gift-receivers will respond.
E.Soon you may be in a state of paying for your such kind of overperformance.
F.Indeed, gift-giving occasions seem like wonderful opportunities to create delight.
G.Even worse, you might worry the gift-giver will detect your insincerity and get hurt.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨赠礼行为引发心理压力的三大根源(不确定性、负面偏差、回礼焦虑),并指出精心赠礼仍具有积极意义。
9.【解析】选F。考查上下文逻辑(转折铺垫)。空格前面说很多人觉得礼物重要,空格后面“But in fact...”阐述其实送礼物最不受欢迎。这里需要一个能解释“为什么大家会这么想(觉得礼物重要)”的句子。F项“事实上,送礼场合似乎是创造快乐的绝佳机会”正好解释了为什么很多人觉得礼物重要,符合语境。
10.【解析】选D。考查段落主题句+例证关系。此段开头总说“赠礼场合充满不确定性”。空格前面举了圣诞节担心礼物类别是否相同的例子(一种不确定性),空格后面举了光疗灯的例子(收礼者可能喜欢也可能觉得被冒犯)。D项“收礼者会如何反应也有很大不确定性”总结了后面光疗灯的例子要说明的核心问题——你猜不透对方收到礼物时的想法和感受。
11.【解析】选A。考查支撑论点。空格前面说“坏礼物会掩盖好礼物的风头”,空格后面解释了原因:坏事情比好事情给人印象更深(心理学上的“负面偏差”),并用棒球手的例子作证明。A项用“坏礼物的气味会残留”这个形象的比喻,贴切地说明了后面讲的道理:一次坏礼物带来的糟糕印象会持续很久,如同难闻的气味散不掉,呼应了“坏礼物掩盖好礼物的风头”和“负面事件更难忘”的观点。
12.【解析】选G。考查递进关系(焦虑升级)。这段讲收礼的焦虑。空格前面说“收礼时要(假装)表现出喜悦和感激可能会让你不安”。G项开头“Even worse”明显表示焦虑程度加深,逻辑顺畅递进。
13.【解析】选B。考查段落转折(总结观点)。前面三大段都在讲送/收礼物的压力和问题(负面),最后一段需要转向积极面。B项“然而,当然,送礼物也不全是坏处”引出了后面“精心准备礼物能很好表达爱意,拉近关系”的结论,使文章观点更加全面。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
(25分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 道路对野生动物的影响 2026·浙江模拟 人与自然 —
5—8 √ 城市设计影响人际互动 2026·湛江模拟 人与社会 —
A
Through evolution, animals have developed numerous ways to protect themselves from predators(捕食者).Turtles hide in their shells, and skunks(臭鼬) use smelly liquid.But these defenses don’t work against cars.Environmental journalist Ben Goldfarb explains, “When facing a car, these defenses are useless—or even harmful.Staying still is the worst choice.Roadkill is a serious threat to wildlife.”
Roads also act as barriers, preventing animals from moving freely.The constant traffic on highways creates what scientists call a “moving fence”—a wall of vehicles that animals avoid crossing.While we often see dead animals like deer or squirrels on roads, we don’t see the ones that never try to cross.This isolation can harm animal populations more than roadkill itself.
Chemicals from roads also damage the environment.Every year, the U.S.uses about 20 million tons of road salt to melt ice, which pollutes nearby soil and plants.Cars release metals like zinc and copper, and tires leave behind microplastics.These pollutants make roadsides dangerous for creatures like monarch butterflies, even though these areas could otherwise be good habitats.
Roadsides sometimes attract animals with food like flowers or berries, but this becomes an “ecological trap”.Animals are drawn to these resources, only to face the danger of traffic.
Interestingly, when traffic decreases, animals quickly adapt.Researchers in the Bay Area found that when cars disappeared for months, white-crowned sparrows—small songbirds—started singing more complex and varied songs.Without traffic noise, they no longer needed to “shout” and could return to their natural behaviors.This shows how much roads affect wildlife—but also how adaptable animals can be.
Despite these challenges, Goldfarb says, certain species have made remarkable adaptations.He notes that Chicago’s urban foxes are said to look both ways before crossing the street.“We think about roads as these forces that are universally or exclusively harmful to animals, and certainly they’re incredibly destructive,” he says.“But wildlife is also impressively adaptive and clever and animals are finding ways to make a living in our midst.”
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与自然
语篇 内容 文章主要介绍了道路对野生动物产生的多方面影响,包括道路致死、阻碍迁徙、造成污染以及形成生态陷阱等,同时也提到了动物在交通减少时的适应能力和某些物种的适应性变化
语篇 结构 Para.1 动物演化出多种御敌之法,却对汽车无用,路杀是野生动物面临的重大威胁
Para.2 道路如屏障般阻碍动物自由活动,这种隔离对动物种群的危害比路杀本身更大
Para.3 道路上的化学物质污染周边环境,使路边对帝王蝶等生物变得危险
Para.4 路边食物会吸引动物,却易让它们陷入交通危险,形成“生态陷阱”
Para.5 交通减少时动物能快速适应,如湾区白冠麻雀恢复复杂鸣叫
Para.6 部分物种能出色适应道路环境,如芝加哥的城市狐狸过马路前会左右看
1.How does the author start the text in the first paragraph
A.By stating a reason.　 B.By providing statistics.
C.By defining a concept. D.By giving examples.
【解题过程】
2.What harmful impact do roads have on wildlife
A.Less food supply.
B.Restricted movement.
C.Increased predators.
D.Species extinction.
【解题过程】
3.What can we infer from Goldfarb’s words in the last paragraph
A.Roads are not truly harmful to wildlife.
B.Urban foxes seldom get hit by vehicles.
C.Animals adapt cleverly to dangerous roads.
D.Wildlife protection deserves highest attention.
【解题过程】
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To advocate reducing traffic.
B.To preserve wildlife diversity.
C.To analyze roads’ effects on wildlife.
D.To highlight roadkill danger to animals.
【解题过程】
B
　　Jan Gehl is an architect and a city design consultant.His idea in a book shows an important truth: City environments influence human interaction.In poorly designed streets, there is little activity—people hurry home and avoid talking to others.In comparison, well-designed spaces set free different activities, from casual walks to public gatherings.As Gehl says, the difference between lifeless roads and lively streets lies in design that welcomes spontaneity(自发性).
Street corners show this well.Busy crossroads have their own social patterns: People waiting for traffic lights chat, say goodbye, or gather around vendor stalls(摊位).Sociologist William H.Whyte observed in The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces that even a single vendor can transform a corner into a mini-community, proving that small spaces can help build big relationships.These moments turn ordinary stops into opportunities for interaction.
Streets are the birthplace of relationships.Neighbors meet on connecting roads;coworkers bond over roadside drinks;strangers share short talks.These interactions build the urban social structure.As the lines between public and private spaces become less clear, streets become like extensions of home, where community takes shape naturally.
Urban experts emphasize the power of design.Jane Jacobs’ “frequent streets” prioritize daily interactions, while Edward T.Hall’s research shows seating arrangements affect social dynamics.A bench facing an open area or a sunny walkway encourages people to pause and interact.Thoughtful design—from shade structures to designs that are friendly to pedestrians(行人)—turns spaces into places for connection.
Despite their value, lively streets are rare due to challenges like noise, pollution, and safety worries.Planners must realize well-maintained streets should be places where people feel they belong, proving that life between buildings is the life of the city.So they should address these through comprehensive design: protecting spaces from bad elements, reducing traffic jams, and ensuring access for everyone.Taking care of them is also important, as well-designed spaces do well only when they are kept up.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了城市设计影响人际互动,专家强调了设计的重要性并建议改善街道设计,以促进互动。
5.What does the first paragraph mainly show
A.Roads are full of entertainment activities.
B.City design shapes the ways people interact.
C.Poor street design results in low foot traffic.
D.Public gatherings depend on space maintenance.
6.What role do vendor stalls play according to Paragraph 2
A.Protecting pedestrian safety.
B.Transforming commercial zones.
C.Serving as social gathering points.
D.Creating job opportunities in communities.
7.What do Jane Jacobs and Edward T.Hall emphasize about the design in streets
A.Its source.　　　　　B.Its impacts.
C.Its complexity. D.Its limitations.
8.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph
A.To make a bet.
B.To make decisions.
C.To make a complaint.
D.To make suggestions.
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9—13 √ 赠礼行为引发心理压力 2025·潍坊模拟 人与社会 —
　　Gifts are so meaningful that many believe that gifts from their romantic partner are a big way they can understand how much their partner loves them.　9　But in fact, gift-giving and receiving is actually the least popular love language.This leads to the question: Why do most people say that gift-giving stresses them out
Part of the problem is that occasions that involve gift-giving are filled with uncertainty.If it’s an occasion like Christmas, where people are shopping for each other at the same time, people might be nervous about whether the gift they give will be in the same category as the gift they will also receive.　10　Imagine that someone is showing some signs of Seasonal Affective Disorder, and you’re considering giving him a light therapy(光疗) lamp as a gift.The receiver may possibly regard this as “just what they needed”. But what if the lamp-receiver interprets the gift as an unwelcome piece of comment on their current state
Another issue is that you’re probably going to give a bad gift, and that bad gift might overshadow the many good gifts you’ve given.　11　The idea, simply put, is that bad outcomes have a stronger psychological impact than comparable good outcomes.Few baseball fans remember all the ground balls that Bill Buckner fielded cleanly but many remember the one that went through his legs.
Worst of all, there’s the anxiety that comes with receiving gifts.You might expect that a lot of well-meaning but disappointing gifts are heading your way.There can be some unease that comes with knowing that you’ll soon need to perform joy and appreciation.　12　
　13　When done carefully, it can be a wonderful way to communicate to loved ones that we appreciate and understand them.Gifts can absolutely draw people closer together in a lasting way.
A.The smell of a bad gift can remain.
B.However, gift-giving is not all bad, of course.
C.Uncertainty can also result from different categories of gifts.
D.There is also great uncertainty around how the gift-receivers will respond.
E.Soon you may be in a state of paying for your such kind of overperformance.
F.Indeed, gift-giving occasions seem like wonderful opportunities to create delight.
G.Even worse, you might worry the gift-giver will detect your insincerity and get hurt.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨赠礼行为引发心理压力的三大根源(不确定性、负面偏差、回礼焦虑),并指出精心赠礼仍具有积极意义。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 3 Food and Culture
(25分钟　40分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共4小题;每小题2.5分,满分10分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 人工智能的应用 2026·南通模拟 人与社会 科学与教 学的融合
　　In my last job, I taught academic writing to doctoral students at a technical college.My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I did.They recognized large language models(LLMs) like ChatGPT as unreliable research tools.They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research.However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI.Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking ChatGPT to write their articles.
As an experienced teacher, I reminded students that ChatGPT may change the meaning of a text when asked to revise, that it can produce biased and inaccurate information, that it does not generate stylistically strong writing and, for those grade-oriented students, that it does not result in A-level work.It did not matter.The students still used it.
Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research.Using ChatGPT to complete assignments is bringing a forklift into the weight room.
Generative AI is, in some ways, a democratizing(民主化的) tool.Many of my students were non-native speakers of English.Their writing frequently contained grammatical errors.Generative AI is effective at correcting grammar.However, the technology often changes vocabulary and meaning even when the only prompt is “fix the grammar”. As a result, I found myself spending many hours grading writing that I knew was generated by AI.That is, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students.So I quit.
The best educators will adapt to AI.Teachers will find ways to encourage students to think critically and know what writing is.However, those lessons require that students be willing to leave their comfort zone.Students must learn to move forward with faith in their own cognitive abilities as they write and revise their way into clarity.With few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 议论文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者在教学过程中观察到的学生使用生成式人工智能进行学术写作的现象展开,表达了作者对这一现象的担忧和批评
语篇 结构 Para.1 作者指出学生虽知AI缺陷,仍严重依赖ChatGPT完成学术写作
Para.2 作者作为教师多次提醒学生AI的诸多问题,但学生依然使用
Para.3 把写作外包给AI的学生会失去深度思考的机会;使用ChatGPT完成作业如同在健身房里用叉车,无法真正提升认知能力
Para.4 AI虽能修正语法,但常改变原意;作者花费很多时间批改AI生成的文章,反馈对象更像是AI而非学生
Para.5 优秀教师会适应AI,但学生需自愿走出舒适区,相信自身认知能力,才能真正提升写作与思考能力
1.What’s the problem with the writer’s students
A.Unfamiliarity with LLMs.
B.Heavy dependence on ChatGPT.
C.Failure to use existing novel research.
D.Unawareness of the technology drawbacks.
【解题过程】
2.What does the underlined sentence mean
A.The students should refuse to use ChatGPT.
B.The students can use a forklift to improve their writing.
C.The students balance the development of body and mind.
D.The students will never improve their cognitive fitness that way.
【解题过程】
3.What do we know about the author’s experience with grading AI-generated writing
A.The author enjoyed it as it was error-free.
B.The author found it a quick and easy task.
C.The author spent more time responding to AI.
D.The author preferred it over students’ original work.
【解题过程】
4.What is a best solution according to the writer
A.Students learn to push through the discomfort.
B.Educators find ways to adapt to the technology.
C.Teachers move away from mechanical activities.
D.Students regain their faith in the technology change.
【解题过程】
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
完形 填空 5—19 √ 对快乐的追求 2025·广东模拟 人与自我 —
　　It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday.I was at the 　5　, on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow(博士后研究员).But something began to　6　 inside me as I watched the people around me—headphones hanging from their ears, eyes cast down,　7　 faces.They looked unhappy.And I realized that I was one of them.Suddenly, I could no longer 　8　 my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.
Over the years.I had grown more competitive due to the 　9　 of finishing my Ph.D.Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the 　10　 of what I had hoped for.I began to feel lonely and lost.I became less and less 　11　 in my scientific work.I hit my 　12　 point that day at the bus station.I had to end this before it was too late.I emailed my professors, explaining that I had put the　13　 first and myself second for too long.
Shortly after I got back home, I started to receive some emails from my workmates—I guessed they expected me to join them again soon.After a few 　14　 asking how I was, in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life.Vulnerable(脆弱的) researchers were sticking their heads out of their shells(壳), seeking 　15　.It occurred to me that we all　16　 sometimes, and our vulnerability seemed so much alike that I 　17　 myself from all that had bothered me for days. 　18　 it can be a win-win game, instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses.Working with others and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions 　19　;it means we can all succeed.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在车站等待去实验室的车时,发现周围的人都不快乐,作者意识到自己长期以来致力于工作上的竞争而忽略了自身的快乐,于是请假回家了,而同事的邮件让作者意识到大家都是如此,与人合作并请求帮助并不会让自己的贡献变得不重要,相反它会让所有人都成功。
5. A.store　　　 B.office
C.cafe shop D.station
6. A.settle B.disappear
C.awaken D.explode
7. A.uncertain B.unique
C.unfamiliar D.unsmiling
8. A.begin with B.get rid of
C.proceed with D.get down to
9. A.pressure B.response
C.commitment D.obligation
10. A.outcome B.opposite
C.means D.alternative
11. A.responsible B.anxious
C.tough D.productive
12. A.starting B.breaking
C.ending D.boiling
13. A.fame B.honor
C.partner D.occupation
14. A.accounts B.jokes
C.lines D.greetings
15. A.beliefs B.assistance
C.hardships D.answers
16. A.choked B.hesitated
C.relaxed D.suffered
17. A.protected B.discouraged
C.liberated D.excused
18. A.Actually B.Generally
C.Eventually D.Fortunately
19. A.irregular B.improper
C.illogical D.insignificant
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
语法 填空 20—29 √ 丝绸之路温室设计 2026·江苏模拟 人与自然 —
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Route influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 20.________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 21.________(function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝).These sepals open on warm days 22.________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays 23.________(close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 24.________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Route, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 25.________ first time.These plants included modern Western 26.________(favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Route.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 27.________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 28.________ brought the plants from their native habitats in Asia to come to define much of the 29.________(rich) of gardening in England.
【文章大意】赫斯维克工作室在英国花园建“玻璃屋”,运用新技术兼具美观与实用,周边丝绸之路花园展现丝绸之路对英国园艺的影响。核心素养测评
选择性必修 第二册 Unit 2　Bridging Cultures
(25分钟　32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
阅读 理解 1—4 √ 社区报纸复兴 2026·河北模拟 人与社会 —
5—8 √ 医疗人工智能 2025·浙江模拟 人与社会 —
A
When Dink NeSmith heard that his friend Ralph Maxwell was shutting down his weekly newspaper, The Oglethorpe Echo, due to health issues, he was determined to save the nearly 150-year-old publication from disappearing.
Both NeSmith and Maxwell are long-time residents of Oglethorpe County, located east of Athens.They have known each other for nearly five decades.NeSmith has also been contributing a column to The Oglethorpe Echo ever since he moved to Oglethorpe County.
Maxwell’s father bought The Oglethorpe Echo in 1956, but its origins date back to 1874.It’s a record of everything from local weddings to significant legislative(立法的) changes.
NeSmith looked up at the ceiling of the office, searching for an answer.Then, inspiration struck.He called Charles Davis, dean(院长) of the University of Georgia’s Henry W.Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication.“I’ve got an idea,” NeSmith told him.“I want to turn The Oglethorpe Echo into a practical training ground for the future journalists at the Grady College.”
Davis was enthusiastic about the idea, and they built a sustainable business model to ensure the newspaper’s future.They developed a cornerstone course(综合性课程) with The Oglethorpe Echo as its foundation.Students experience a working newsroom which acts as a stepping stone into their careers.
Traditionally run by a single reporter, The Echo now benefited from a team of eager student journalists.
Of course, they needed someone to run the newspaper.So Andy Johnston joined in.He was the adviser for The Red & Black from 2018 to 2021, was familiar with working with students, and had an extensive journalism background.Most importantly, he believed in the project.
He teams up with Amanda Bright, the course instructor, who has spent her career as a community journalist across various platforms, from mid-sized daily newspapers to digital startups.Together, they developed new digital strategies for The Oglethorpe Echo, including an email newsletter, four social media channels, and an updated website.
【语篇属性】
语篇 类型 说明文 主题 语境 人与社会
语篇 内容 Dink NeSmith为挽救朋友因健康问题将停刊的百年报纸《奥格尔索普回声报》,联合大学将其改为学生的实践培训平台,组建团队助其转型
语篇 结构 Para.1 Dink NeSmith得知好友Ralph Maxwell因健康问题要停办近150年历史的周报《奥格尔索普回声报》,决心挽救
Para.2 二人是奥格尔索普县的老居民,相识近50年,NeSmith长期为该报供稿
Para.3 报纸1874年起源,1956年由Maxwell的父亲买下,记录当地各类事件
Para.4 NeSmith突发灵感,联系佐治亚大学新闻与大众传播学院的院长,想将报纸打造成学生实践培训平台
Para.5 院长赞同,二人制定可持续商业模式,开设以报纸为基础的综合性课程供学生实践
Para.6 原仅一名记者运营的报纸,现获得一群热心学生记者的助力
Para.7 Andy Johnston加入负责报纸运营,他熟悉与学生合作、有丰富的新闻背景且认可该项目
Para.8 Andy与课程讲师Amanda合作,为报纸制定新的数字策略,包括电子邮件简报等
1.What has NeSmith ever done for The Oglethorpe Echo before the plan
A.He contributed regularly to a column.
B.He developed a cornerstone course.
C.He led a team of student journalists.
D.He suggested new digital strategies.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:NeSmith ever done for The Oglethorpe Echo before the plan
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第二段最后一句“NeSmith has also been contributing a column to The Oglethorpe Echo ever since he moved to Oglethorpe County.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A He contributed regularly to a column. 正确 考查学生对文章细节的理解能力,检验学生能否准确找到NeSmith在计划前为报纸做的事
B He developed a cornerstone course. 无中生有
C He led a team of student journalists. 无中生有
D He suggested new digital strategies. 无中生有
分析:选A。根据第二段可知,NeSmith在搬到奥格尔索普县后,就一直为《奥格尔索普回声报》供稿专栏,这是计划前做的事
2.What did NeSmith propose for The Oglethorpe Echo
A.A focus only on online news.
B.A partnership with local businesses.
C.A practical training platform for students.
D.A weekly publication with more journalists.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:NeSmith propose for The Oglethorpe Echo
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第四段的“‘I’ve got an idea,’ NeSmith told him.‘I want to turn The Oglethorpe Echo into a practical training ground for the future journalists at the Grady College.’”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A A focus only on online news. 无中生有 考查学生对文章细节的理解能力,检验学生能否准确找到NeSmith对报纸的提议
B A partnership with local businesses. 无中生有
C A practical training platform for students. 正确
D A weekly publication with more journalists. 无中生有
分析:选C。根据第四段可知,NeSmith提议把《奥格尔索普回声报》变成格雷迪学院未来记者的实践培训基地,也就是为学生提供实践培训平台
3.What probably motivated Andy Johnston to join The Oglethorpe Echo
A.His belief in the potential of the project.
B.His familiarity with student work.
C.His connection to Oglethorpe County.
D.His desire for promotion in journalism.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:motivated Andy Johnston to join The Oglethorpe Echo
定信息 在原文中定位关键信息确定答题关键句为第七段最后一句“Most importantly, he believed in the project.”
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A His belief in the potential of the project. 正确 考查学生对文章细节的理解能力,检验学生能否准确找到Andy Johnston加入的动机
B His familiarity with student work. 断章取义
C His connection to Oglethorpe County. 无中生有
D His desire for promotion in journalism. 无中生有
分析:选A。根据第七段可知,Andy Johnston加入最重要的原因是他相信这个项目的潜力
4.What does the text mainly talk about
A.The history of The Oglethorpe Echo.
B.Journalism education at Grady College.
C.NeSmith’s friendship with Maxwell.
D.The transformation of a local newspaper.
【解题过程】
第一步:抓关键　定信息区间
抓关键 题干中的关键信息:text mainly talk about
定信息 综合全文内容,文章围绕《奥格尔索普回声报》展开,讲述了它从面临停办,到NeSmith提出将其变为学生实践基地,再到引入人员、制定新策略等一系列转变
第二步:鉴选项　辨信息正误
选项 选项内容 辨误 命题意图
A The history of The Oglethorpe Echo. 以偏概全 考查学生对文章主旨的概括能力,检验学生能否把握文章主要内容
B Journalism education at Grady College. 以偏概全
C NeSmith’s friendship with Maxwell. 以偏概全
D The transformation of a local newspaper. 正确
分析:选D。文章主要讲述了当地报纸《奥格尔索普回声报》从面临停办,到通过与大学合作的方式实现转变的过程
B
Artificial intelligence(AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, offering new ways to improve patient outcomes and streamline medical processes.From diagnosing diseases to developing new drugs, AI technologies are revolutionizing how healthcare is delivered worldwide.However, this rapid progress also brings significant challenges that must be addressed.
One of the most promising applications of AI in healthcare is medical imaging analysis.Machine learning algorithms(算法) can now identify patterns in X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans with accuracy comparable to trained radiologists.In a 2023 study published in The Lancet Digital Health, an AI system correctly detected early-stage lung cancer in 94% of cases, outperforming human experts by 8 percentage points.This technology enables faster diagnosis, especially in regions where radiologists are scarce, allowing patients to receive timely treatment.
AI is also accelerating drug discovery.Traditional drug development can take over a decade and cost billions of dollars, with a high failure rate.By analyzing large datasets of molecular(分子的) structures and biological interactions, AI models can predict how potential drugs will interact with the human body, reducing the need for expensive laboratory experiments.For example, a British pharmaceutical company used AI to identify a potential treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) in just 12 months, a process that would typically take five to seven years.
Despite these advancements, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare.Data privacy is a major concern.Medical records contain sensitive personal information, and using this data to train AI systems raises risks of breaches or misuse.In 2022, a major healthcare provider suffered a data leak that exposed the medical records of over 1 million patients, many of whom were being used to develop AI diagnostic tools.
Another challenge is algorithmic bias.AI systems learn from historical data, which may reflect existing inequalities in healthcare.For instance, an AI tool designed to predict patient risk of heart disease was found to underestimate the risk for female patients because the training data included more male patients.Such biases can lead to incorrect diagnoses or unequal access to treatment.
Additionally, integrating AI into existing healthcare workflows remains difficult.Many hospitals use outdated IT systems that cannot easily connect with AI tools, requiring significant investment in infrastructure(基础设施).Healthcare professionals also need training to effectively use AI technologies, as over-reliance on algorithms without human oversight could compromise patient safety.
Looking forward, the potential of AI in healthcare is undeniable, but realizing this potential requires collaboration among technologists, healthcare providers, and policymakers.By establishing clear regulations for data privacy, addressing algorithmic bias through diverse training data, and investing in infrastructure and training, we can ensure that AI serves as a tool to enhance, rather than replace, human healthcare expertise.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在医疗领域展现出的变革性力量以及面临的诸多需要解决的挑战。
5.What is one advantage of AI in medical imaging analysis mentioned in the text
A.It reduces the need for medical imaging tests.
B.It enables faster diagnosis in areas with few radiologists.
C.It replaces radiologists in most healthcare settings.
D.It lowers the cost of X-ray and MRI machines.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This technology enables faster diagnosis, especially in regions where radiologists are scarce, allowing patients to receive timely treatment.(这项技术能实现更快速的诊断,尤其在放射科医生稀缺的地区,让患者能得到及时治疗)”,说明人工智能在医学影像分析中的一个优势是能在放射科医生稀缺的地区实现更快速的诊断。故选B。
6.Why does the author mention the British pharmaceutical company example
A.To show AI can speed up drug development.
B.To compare AI with traditional drug discovery methods.
C.To highlight the high cost of AI research.
D.To explain how AI interacts with molecular structures.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段“AI is also accelerating drug discovery.Traditional drug development can take over a decade and cost billions of dollars, with a high failure rate.(人工智能也在加速药物研发。传统药物研发可能耗时十多年、花费数十亿美元,且失败率高)”和“For example, a British pharmaceutical company used AI to identify a potential treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) in just 12 months, a process that would typically take five to seven years.(例如,一家英国制药公司利用人工智能仅用12个月就确定了一种针对肌萎缩侧索硬化症的潜在治疗方法,而这个过程通常需要5到7年)”可知,用这家英国制药公司举例是为了说明人工智能可以加快药物研发速度。故选A。
7.What does the underlined word “hinder” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Accelerate.　　　　　B.Support.
C.Prevent. D.Promote.
【解析】选C。词句猜测题。根据第四段“Despite these advancements, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of AI in healthcare.(尽管有这些进展,但一些挑战hinder 人工智能在医疗领域的广泛应用)”、第四段“Data privacy is a major concern.(数据隐私是一个主要问题)”、第五段“Another challenge is algorithmic bias.(另一个挑战是算法偏见)”和第六段“Additionally, integrating AI into existing healthcare workflows remains difficult.(此外,将人工智能整合到现有的医疗保健工作流程中仍然很困难)”可知,一些挑战阻碍了人工智能在医疗领域的广泛应用,hinder意思是“阻碍、阻止”之意,与“prevent”意思相近。故选C。
8.What is the main idea of the passage
A.AI has completely changed how healthcare is delivered.
B.AI in healthcare offers great potential but faces key challenges.
C.Medical imaging analysis is the most important AI application.
D.Data privacy is the biggest problem in AI healthcare development.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章开篇讲人工智能在医疗领域成为变革性力量,在第2—3段讲医学影像分析、药物研发等应用优势,在第4—6段阐述数据隐私、算法偏见、整合困难等挑战,最后说实现潜力需多方合作。文章主要阐述了医疗领域的人工智能有巨大潜力但面临关键挑战。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
题型 题号 试题难度 话题或考点 试题来源 情境标注 融合标注
容易 较易 一般 较难 困难
七选五 9—13 √ 海军舰猫历史 2026·北京模拟 人与社会 —
　　They had names such as Tom the Terror, Dirty Face, and Bilgewater.They traveled thousands of miles on warships with history’s saltiest sailors.They were valued members of the crew, even issued uniforms for photographs and their own tiny beds for napping.They were the cats that served in the world’s navies.
Ship cats are not a recent phenomenon.They have been serving on ships for almost as long as humans have been going to sea.Ancient Egyptians depicted(描绘) them hunting from boats sailing down the Nile.　9　
Cats’ hunting skills on land made them valuable companions at sea.Rats and mice caused major problems on ships.　10　 Cats were a cheap and effective solution to these problems—and they were also good company.On long voyages, they could provide a vessel’s crew with affection and softness in the harsh environment of a ship.
Not surprisingly, sailors developed plenty of beliefs around cat behavior.Seamen preparing to sail considered it good luck when cats chose to board their vessels.　11　 An even worse omen(预兆) The sight of two cats fighting on a pier could be forewarning that those setting sail would die.
Though cats are known for their dislike of water, their biology makes them surprisingly suited to life at sea.Unlike human sailors who drank lemon juice to prevent scurvy, cats can make their own vitamin C.　12　 Cats are also able to obtain most of the water they need from their prey, so they do not require a lot of potable water as human sailors do.
　13　 The long run of the ship cat was ended by stricter international quarantine laws(检疫法) imposed.Many countries required a lengthy quarantine period for disembarking cats.If local officials caught one sneaking off a ship, the captain could be fined or even placed under arrest.
A.But it was a dreadful sign indeed when a cat decided to jump ship.
B.Therefore, they can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables.
C.They polluted and consumed food, chewed through equipment, and spread disease.
D.And the cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels.
E.And in the UK, the cats supplied to the Royal Navy even received a weekly allowance.
F.Since the beginning of the WWⅡ, however, most navies of the world have adopted a similar policy.
G.However, following the end of the WWⅡ, the special position that cats held on Navy ships began to decline.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了历史上猫在世界海军中的角色、它们的海上生活适应性以及随着国际检疫法的严格实施最终导致它们从舰船上消失的现象。
9.【解析】选D。上文“Ancient Egyptians depicted them hunting from boats sailing down the Nile.(古埃及人描绘了他们在尼罗河上乘船捕猎的情景。)”说明猫在古埃及就已经与船有了联系,空处需延续猫随人类航海的历史。D选项“And the cats made their way across the Mediterranean aboard Greek trading vessels.(这些猫乘坐希腊商船穿越了地中海。)”承接上文,进一步说明猫在不同文明中的航海历程,逻辑连贯。故选D。
10.【解析】选C。上文“Rats and mice caused major problems on ships.(老鼠在船上造成了严重的问题。)”说明船上老鼠的问题很严重,空处需具体说明问题内容。C选项“They polluted and consumed food, chewed through equipment, and spread disease.(它们污染并消耗食物,啃咬设备,传播疾病。)”具体描述了老鼠在船上所造成的问题,与上文相呼应。故选C。
11.【解析】选A。上文“Seamen preparing to sail considered it good luck when cats chose to board their vessels.(准备出航的水手们认为,当猫选择登上他们的船时,这是好运的象征。)”说明猫上船被视为好运,下文“An even worse omen The sight of two cats fighting on a pier could be forewarning that those setting sail would die.(更糟糕的预兆是什么呢 看到两只猫在码头上打架可能预示着那些即将启航的人会遭遇不幸。)”列举更糟糕的预兆。A选项“But it was a dreadful sign indeed when a cat decided to jump ship.(但是,当一只猫决定跳船时,这确实是一个可怕的征兆。)”与上文形成对比,引出相反的预兆,“dreadful sign”与下文“worse omen”呼应。故选A。
12.【解析】选B。上文“Unlike human sailors who drank lemon juice to prevent scurvy, cats can make their own vitamin C.(与喝柠檬汁预防坏血病的人类水手不同,猫可以自己制造维生素C。)”说明猫有自我调节的能力。B选项“Therefore, they can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables.(因此,它们可以在缺乏水果和蔬菜的饮食下生存。)”是上文的结果,逻辑上构成因果关系,解释猫适应海上饮食的原因。故选B。
13.【解析】选G。下文“The long run of the ship cat was ended by stricter international quarantine laws imposed.(由于实施了更严格的国际检疫法,船舶猫的长期存在结束了。)”说明严格的国际检疫法终结了船舶猫的时代,空处需引出船舶猫地位的转折。G选项“However, following the end of the WWⅡ, the special position that cats held on Navy ships began to decline.(然而,在第二次世界大战结束后,猫在海军舰艇上的特殊地位开始下降。)”概括了下文的内容,并且与上文提到的船舶猫的历史地位形成对比。故选G。

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