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期末考 首字母填空 仿真模拟 考前特训（江苏专用）
新教材译林版八年级下册 Units 1-8
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Passage 1
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Good manners are very important in our daily life. They can help us make a good impression on others and get along well with people around us.
First, we should be p 1 to others. We should say “please” when we ask for help and “thank you” when we receive something. We should also respect the elderly and love the young.
Second, we should behave well in p 2 places. We shouldn’t talk loudly or laugh loudly in libraries, hospitals or cinemas. We shouldn’t l 3 everywhere. We should wait in line when we are buying tickets or getting on the bus. Don’t push in before others.
Third, we should be h 4 . We shouldn’t tell lies or cheat others. We should keep our promises if we make them.
Fourth, we should help people who are in t 5 . For example, we can help the blind cross the street, or help the old people carry heavy things. Being a v 6 is also a good way to help others. We can s 7 our time and skills to help people in need.
Fifth, we should be p 8 with others. Don’t get angry easily when someone makes a small mistake. Try to understand them and give them a hand.
Good manners are not difficult to learn. If we practice them every day, we will develop good habits and become polite people. Remember, small good manners can make a big d 9 to the world and make it a more b 10 place to live in.
Passage 2
China has a long and rich history with a great civilization (文明). In r 1 years, more and more people have realized the importance of reading Chinese classics. Among them, The Book of Songs (《诗经》) and Historical Records (《史记》) are two of the most important w 2 . Let us read these two books together.
The Book of Songs is the b 3 of ancient Chinese poetry and also the earliest collection of poetry in China. When I read this book, I feel like I’m having a t 4 with people from thousands of years ago. It’s just like stepping into their time.
One of the poems is called A Homesick Warrior (《采薇》). It m 5 talks about how soldiers had to leave their homes to fight for many years. Even though they missed their homeland very much, they couldn’t r 6 because of the war.
Historical Records, or Shiji, is the first biographical (传记) general history of China. It r 7 the events from the famous Yellow Emperor to the first years of the Han Wudi (Emperor Wu of Han).
In this book, I can see how Sima Qian made the c 8 in the story come alive with his words. Do you know the story of Da Yu Da Yu, the hero, tried so hard that he finally managed to control the flood. During the p 9 of 13 years, he went past his own home three times without stopping by to visit his wife and children. He threw himself into the world of fighting a 10 the flood. He succeeded at last.
Passage 3
Thanks to the Internet, online travel has become easier, cheaper and more interesting than before. Nowadays, the Internet has c 1 changed many things in our life, including how we travel.
First, we can plan our trips e 2 online. We don’t need to buy paper maps or ask others for directions. With just a few c 3 , we can find information about famous scenic spots, read travel a 4 from other visitors, and even watch videos of the places we want to visit. This helps us know what to expect and make b 5 plans.
Second, b 6 tickets and hotels is much simpler. In the past, we had to go to travel agencies or railway stations in p 7 . But now, we can do so on our phones anytime, anywhere. We can also compare p 8 and choose the best deals, which saves us both time and money.
The online tour opens up a new world for us to e 9 . I love this new way of travelling and look forward to visiting more places with the h 10 of the Internet.
Passage 4
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
A famous poem described Petra this way: “A rose-red city half as old as time.” Petra, which means “rock” in Greek, was built from red sandstone. People settled in the area eight or nine t 1 years ago. The Nabataeans built Petra. They were an a 2 people originally from north-eastern Arabia. Not much is known about the Nabataeans’ history in the area before 312 CE. At that time, they successfully fought back some invaders. Then their power and prosperity i 3 .
Over the next few c 4 , the Nabataeans created most of Petra’s structures. UNESCO says the city is half-carved, half-built. It l 5 in the mountains, passages, and canyons between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea. The way into the city is t 6 a narrow gorge called the Siq. Cliffs rise eighty meters high on either side. More than a kilometer long, the gorge is unforgettable due to the rocks’ colors and s 7 .
The Nabataeans built many structures in Petra, i 8 tombs, banquet halls, temples, and altars. The Romans took over Petra in 106 CE. The city c 9 to prosper and grow. An earthquake in 363 destroyed half the city. It was hit again about two hundred years later. The earthquakes and political changes in that area l 10 to the end of Petra.
The rest of the world learned of Petra in 1812. Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, an explorer from Switzerland, found it. Today the beauty and mystery of Petra still excites the imagination of explorers and armchair travelers.
Passage 5
Sayram Lake (赛里木湖) rests quietly in the heart of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Known as “the last tear of the Atlantic Ocean,” it is Xinjiang’s highest and largest alpine lake. As Sa Beining once said: “A trip to Xinjiang would not be complete without a visit to Sayram Lake.”
A 1 the weather in the high mountains changes very fast, the lake’s bright blue colour almost never changes. Local c 2 have lived by the grasslands for hundreds of years. They love their home deeply and welcome tourists in a warm and friendly way. They take great pride in this great natural w 3 and pass on many old and interesting stories about the lake.
The lake stands on the ancient Silk Road, with a long history and unique local culture. In summer, colourful flowers bloom everywhere around the lake. The wind blows gently, making the water look like a bright blue diamond. The air is fresh and pleasant, and the clear water is c 4 blue, and you can even see the Coregonus peled (高白鲑) at the bottom of the lake. Sheep and cows wander slowly across the green grass, enjoying the peaceful natural environment. When people first see the lake, they will surely fall in love with it. To many visitors’ s 5 , the lake is much more beautiful than they can imagine.
To protect the lake, the local g 6 has built new roads and comfortable viewing areas. It also makes rules to ask people to protect nature and keep the place clean. Most visitors agree that it is w 7 visiting the lake again and again because it is so amazing.
Many young people return to live here, feeling h 8 about their future. They work hard to make their hometown better and better. They try their best to keep the lake clean and beautiful, w 9 harming the environment.
Sayram Lake really touches the h 10 of everyone who comes to visit this wonderful place.
Passage 6
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Liam Hannon was 10 when he started giving out free lunches to people who were hungry. He and his family made 20 sandwiches, put them in brown bags he had decorated, added a b 1 of water and a granola bar, and gave them away.
Liam is now 14 and his project is s 2 going strong. With help from other supporters, he h 3 out 75 to 100 lunches three times a month. We are asking Liam to tell us about it.
How did you get started
Four summers ago, I didn’t want to go to camp. My dad said, “You can’t stay at home doing n 4 .” So I did an online treasure-hunt program where you do academic challenges to move forward. I picked service as a subject.
The first week, the challenge told us to do something to h 5 people who are experiencing homelessness. I said, “Dad, there are people right outside our building who are so h 6 . Why don’t we make them lunch ” We made peanut butter & jam and went out with our wagon. The lunches were distributed very quickly.
What’s the most rewarding thing about what you do
I’d say meeting the people. They’re genuine (真诚的) people who just need a little k 7 in their lives.
What would you tell other kids who want to make a d 8
Do something that you e 9 doing, and then you’ll be more inspired to help others. And get your friends and family involved. I invite friends to help with lunches, and a 10 every time, they’ve come and given out lunches with me and my dad. Their willingness gives me confidence.
Passage 7
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
It was early spring. Two seeds(种子) l 1 side by side in the soil(土壤).
The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots(根) deep i 2 the soil, and stretch my sprouts( 新芽) t 3 the earth(泥土) above me. I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the beauty of the fresh dew(露水) on my flowers in the morning! I will tell everyone s 4 comes. I will make friends with other plants, and we can grow together.” So she grew. H 5 , she found that the other seed did nothing. She was curious(好奇的) and asked, “Don’t you want to come out and see ”
The s 6 seed said, “I am afraid. I 7 I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I will come across in the dark. If I push my way through the hard soil above me, I might hurt my sprouts. And if I open my flowers, a naughty(顽皮的) child might pull me out of the ground. No, it is much b 8 for me to wait until it is safe.”
The first seed didn’t know what to say. The second seed sat there silently. A hen was walking nearby and looking for f 9 . She found the second seed and ate it. Like this seed, if we are afraid of g 10 up, life may swallow(吞掉) us.
Passage 8
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
A mother bird and her two babies lived in a rice field. Every morning, she flew away to look for food. Before leaving, she always said, “Don’t go out. Danger is e 1 . Stay inside. Listen to every sound, since it is time to harvest. We must leave the field before the men come to harvest the crops.” One day, a 2 the mother bird flew away, a farmer and his son came to the field. The farmer said to his son. “It’s time to harvest. We will ask our neighbours to help us.” The son nodded. When the mother bird got home, the baby birds told her everything. She replied, “My dear, don’t be n 3 . We don’t have to leave now.” Then, the mother bird started to feed them. The next day, as u 4 , she asked the babies to be careful and left. The farmer and his son came again. The birds heard the farmer say, “The villagers are b 5 . They have no time to help us. We must get outside help.” The babies told her mum what happened after she came back, but she said, “Don’t worry. We s 6 have time to move.” A few days later, the farmer and his son visited the field the third time. He said, “If we don’t harvest the crops quickly, we will lose them. Tomorrow we must do it o 7 .” That evening, when the mother bird came back, the babies told her the farmer’s p 8 . She said, “I’m sure the farmer will cut the crops tomorrow. Now, you are strong e 9 to fly by yourselves. We will go to our new home in the tall tree over there, because this time, the farmer and his son really d 10 to cut the crops themselves. Always remember: Self-help is the best help.” said the mother bird, taking the babies to their new home.
Passage 9
阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。
A Special Team at the Winter Paralympics (残奥会)
A special team was doing some voluntary work at the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics Games. In fact, these little v 1 are 68 lovely guide dogs. All of them were strictly c 2 from a training center in Dalian, Liaoning Province. Months of special training had taught them how to do with complex (复杂的) situations in cold environments.
At the Paralympics, e 3 of the guide dogs wears a QR code (二维码). By scanning the codes, people can e 4 learn a lot of detailed information about the dogs, i 5 their blooding, age, training history and service conditions.
China s 6 up the first guide dog training center in 2006. Two years l 7 , a guide dog named Lucky made its appearance at the Beijing Paralympics. With its h 8 , Ping Yali, the first Chinese who got a Paralympic gold medal, completed the torch relay (火炬传递).
Our modern technology will c 9 to develop. But the special warmth and loyalty of guide dogs are always needed. During the Games, the guide dogs greatly helped the b 10 athletes to fully enjoy the sports competition.
Passage 10
阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。
Recently the term “carbon neutral (碳中和)” has been a public topic. Being carbon neutral means cutting d 1 carbon emissions (碳排放) to zero or balancing (均衡) them out by taking some carbon out of the atmosphere (大气层). Carbon emissions make the climate (气候) change for the w 2 and the temperatures rise. They are caused by all kinds of human activities. Burning fossil fuels (化工燃料) like coal, oil and gas to p 3 energy is a main source of carbon emissions.
China has promised to be carbon-neutral by 2060. To achieve this goal (目标), we will face many challenges (挑战). However, many hands make light work. We students can also make contributions (贡献) to helping r 4 this goal. Here’re some suggestions:
Travel in a green way
Since driving cars has caused serious air problems, we’d better do more walking or cycling instead of driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce air p 5 .
Save water
Lack (缺乏) of water resources will be h 6 to the ecological (生态的) environment. So please turn off the tap after using it.
Plant more trees
A good way of balancing out the carbon emissions is to plant trees b 7 trees can take in CO2 as they grow.
Reduce food waste
Schools can encourage students to save food by comparing (对比) how much food is not eaten by students after each meal. They can w 8 the leftovers (剩余饭菜) by putting them on the scale (秤). Also, they can put the leftovers into a machine that can t 9 the waste into useful things. For example, some waste can be put in the garden to help plants grow.
Let’s join together to see how small changes can make a big d 10 .
Passage 11
When an island in the Pacific Ocean is mentioned, you must think of trees, sunshine, and soft beaches. Then you might be s 1 to find a huge “island” of garbage dump (垃圾堆).
The l 2 moving garbage dump in the world is over 3.5 million tons and more than twice the size of France. And it will double in s 3 every 10 years. However, this is not the only garbage dump. There are at least four other s 4 garbage dumps in the world. Scientists said that 20 percent of this garbage comes from sailing ships and 80 percent from the inland areas.
These garbage dumps are harmful to sea animals’ lives. Some animals eat the plastic garbage by a 5 . They will feel f 6 and stop eating the food they really need. Some fish that have eaten plastic garbage will be eaten by people. In the end, people are p 7 for what they have done.
Since these garbage dumps are far away from land, it’s c 8 that the cleaning of these dumps must be costly and difficult. But as students, we can do something to protect the environment, such as r 9 the daily use of plastic bags. As long as we start from the simple things around us, I believe we can gradually p 10 the growth of garbage dumps.
Passage 12
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
Oxfam International, usually known as Oxfam, is one of the biggest charities. Oxfam's ideas are s 1 : everybody in the world must have the right to live, food to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care. All these ideas are c 2 . Oxfam began its work during wartime in the 1930s. At that time, the Greeks didn’t have enough to eat because of the war. People in Oxford d 3 to give money and food to people in Greece. So the name Oxfam comes from two w 4 —Oxford and Famine (饥荒). After the war, Oxfam joined other organizations to f 5 Oxfam International. Nowadays, this charity benefits people in over ninety cities in Africa, South America and Asia.Oxfam works in two ways. Firstly, it offers help in e 6 . In 2010, there was a big earthquake in Haiti. Over 200,000 people died and many more l 7 their homes. Doctors and volunteers provided medical help and gave out food and brought clean water to the villages. The s 8 way Oxfam works is to help people prevent future disasters. Oxfam has started a project called GROW, which helps farmers produce more and better food. But how does Oxfam pay for it all In order to raise money, this charity has run charity shops, where you can buy things that people d 9 , like clothes, toys and food. Another way to get money is with“ambassadors”—famous people who do voluntary work for charities and collect money. Ambassadors have different skills b 10 the message they send is the same—we should do what we can to help people in need!
8 / 8期末考 首字母填空 仿真模拟 考前特训（江苏专用）
新教材译林版八年级下册 Units 1-8
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Passage 1
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Good manners are very important in our daily life. They can help us make a good impression on others and get along well with people around us.
First, we should be p 1 to others. We should say “please” when we ask for help and “thank you” when we receive something. We should also respect the elderly and love the young.
Second, we should behave well in p 2 places. We shouldn’t talk loudly or laugh loudly in libraries, hospitals or cinemas. We shouldn’t l 3 everywhere. We should wait in line when we are buying tickets or getting on the bus. Don’t push in before others.
Third, we should be h 4 . We shouldn’t tell lies or cheat others. We should keep our promises if we make them.
Fourth, we should help people who are in t 5 . For example, we can help the blind cross the street, or help the old people carry heavy things. Being a v 6 is also a good way to help others. We can s 7 our time and skills to help people in need.
Fifth, we should be p 8 with others. Don’t get angry easily when someone makes a small mistake. Try to understand them and give them a hand.
Good manners are not difficult to learn. If we practice them every day, we will develop good habits and become polite people. Remember, small good manners can make a big d 9 to the world and make it a more b 10 place to live in.
【答案】
1. polite/olite 2. public/ublic 3. litter/itter 4. honest/onest 5. trouble/rouble 6. volunteer/olunteer 7. share/hare 8. patient/atient 9. difference/ifference 10. beautiful/eautiful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了良好礼仪在日常生活中的重要性，从五个方面介绍了养成良好礼仪需要做到的要求，最后点明小小的良好礼仪也能给世界带来大改变，让我们的居住环境更美好。
【详解】1. 句意：首先，我们应对他人有礼貌。固定搭配be polite to (对……有礼貌) 符合文意，首字母p对应polite。
2. 句意：其次，我们应该在公共场合举止得体。固定搭配in public places (在公共场合)，首字母p对应public。
3. 句意：我们不应该到处乱扔垃圾。固定搭配drop/litter everywhere (到处乱扔垃圾)，情态动词shouldn’t后接动词原形，首字母l对应litter。
4. 句意：第三，我们应该诚实。形容词作表语，描述人的品质，结合后文“不说谎、不欺骗”及首字母h，填honest。
5. 句意：第四，我们应该帮助身处困境的人。固定搭配in trouble (处于困境中)，首字母t对应trouble。
6. 句意：做一名志愿者也是帮助他人的好方法。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，首字母v对应volunteer。
7. 句意：我们可以分享我们的时间和技能来帮助有需要的人。情态动词can后接动词原形，后接our time and skills，首字母s对应share。
8. 句意：第五，我们应该对他人有耐心。固定搭配be patient with (对……有耐心)，首字母p对应patient。
9. 句意：记住，小小的好礼仪也能对世界产生很大的影响。固定搭配make a big difference (产生巨大影响)，首字母d对应difference。
10. 句意：也会让世界成为一个更美好的居住之地。形容词比较级more beautiful 中，beautiful的原级，修饰place。首字母b对应 beautiful。
Passage 2
China has a long and rich history with a great civilization (文明). In r 1 years, more and more people have realized the importance of reading Chinese classics. Among them, The Book of Songs (《诗经》) and Historical Records (《史记》) are two of the most important w 2 . Let us read these two books together.
The Book of Songs is the b 3 of ancient Chinese poetry and also the earliest collection of poetry in China. When I read this book, I feel like I’m having a t 4 with people from thousands of years ago. It’s just like stepping into their time.
One of the poems is called A Homesick Warrior (《采薇》). It m 5 talks about how soldiers had to leave their homes to fight for many years. Even though they missed their homeland very much, they couldn’t r 6 because of the war.
Historical Records, or Shiji, is the first biographical (传记) general history of China. It r 7 the events from the famous Yellow Emperor to the first years of the Han Wudi (Emperor Wu of Han).
In this book, I can see how Sima Qian made the c 8 in the story come alive with his words. Do you know the story of Da Yu Da Yu, the hero, tried so hard that he finally managed to control the flood. During the p 9 of 13 years, he went past his own home three times without stopping by to visit his wife and children. He threw himself into the world of fighting a 10 the flood. He succeeded at last.
【答案】
1. recent/ecent 2. works/orks 3. beginning/eginning 4. talk/alk 5. mainly/ainly 6. return/eturn 7. records/ecords 8. characters/haracters 9. period/eriod 10. against/gainst
【导语】本文介绍了中国悠久丰富的历史文明，重点介绍了《诗经》和《史记》两部经典作品的特点与内容，展现了阅读中国经典的意义。
1. 句意：近年来，越来越多的人意识到阅读中国经典的重要性。该处需一个形容词，修饰名词years，结合首字母“r”，应填recent“最近的”，构成固定搭配“in recent years”，意为“近年来”。
2. 句意：其中，《诗经》和《史记》是最重要的两部作品。该处需一个名词复数，指代前文提到的两部经典著作，结合首字母“w”，应填works“作品”。
3. 句意：《诗经》是中国古代诗歌的开端，也是中国最早的诗歌总集。该处需一个名词，作表语，说明《诗经》在中国诗歌史上的地位，结合首字母“b”，应填beginning“开端”，构成固定搭配“the beginning of”，意为“……的开端”。
4. 句意：当我读这本书时，我感觉就像在和几千年前的人对话。后文提到“It’s just like stepping into their time.”，说明阅读时的交流感；该处需一个名词，构成固定搭配“have a talk with”，意为“与……交谈”，结合首字母“t”，应填talk“交谈”。
5. 句意：它主要讲述了士兵们不得不离开家乡征战多年的故事。该处需一个副词，修饰动词talks about，说明诗歌的核心内容，结合首字母“m”，应填mainly“主要地”。
6. 句意：尽管他们非常思念家乡，但由于战争，他们无法返回。前文提到“they missed their homeland very much”，后文说明无法回家；该处需一个动词，结合首字母“r”，应填return“返回”，情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形。
7. 句意：它记录了从黄帝到汉武帝初年的事件。该处需一个动词，作谓语，结合上句“Historical Records, or Shiji, is the first biographical (传记) general history of China.”可知，此处指的是《史记》记录的内容，结合首字母“r”，record“记录”符合，时态为一般现在时，主语It为单数，应该用动词三单records。
8. 句意：在这本书中，我可以看到司马迁如何用文字让故事中的人物栩栩如生。后文提到“the story come alive with his words”，说明被刻画的对象是故事中的人物；该处需一个名词复数，作宾语，结合首字母“c”，应填characters“人物”。
9. 句意：在13年的时间里，他三次路过自己的家，都没有停下来看望妻子和孩子。该处需一个名词，构成固定搭配“during the period of”，意为“在……期间”，结合首字母“p”，应填period“时期”。
10. 句意：他全身心投入到与洪水的斗争中。该处需一个介词，构成固定搭配“fight against”，意为“与……作斗争”，结合首字母“a”，应填against“对抗”。
Passage 3
Thanks to the Internet, online travel has become easier, cheaper and more interesting than before. Nowadays, the Internet has c 1 changed many things in our life, including how we travel.
First, we can plan our trips e 2 online. We don’t need to buy paper maps or ask others for directions. With just a few c 3 , we can find information about famous scenic spots, read travel a 4 from other visitors, and even watch videos of the places we want to visit. This helps us know what to expect and make b 5 plans.
Second, b 6 tickets and hotels is much simpler. In the past, we had to go to travel agencies or railway stations in p 7 . But now, we can do so on our phones anytime, anywhere. We can also compare p 8 and choose the best deals, which saves us both time and money.
The online tour opens up a new world for us to e 9 . I love this new way of travelling and look forward to visiting more places with the h 10 of the Internet.
【答案】
1. completely/ompletely 2. easily/asily 3. clicks/licks 4. advice/dvice 5. better/etter 6. booking/ooking 7. person/erson 8. prices/rices 9. explore/xplore 10. help/elp
【导语】本文介绍了互联网如何改变在线旅行：让行程规划更便捷、票务酒店预订更简单，还能节省时间金钱，展现了网络对旅行方式的积极影响。
1. 句意：如今，互联网已经彻底改变了我们生活中的许多事情，包括我们的旅行方式。根据 “changed”的修饰及首字母“c”，此处需用副词表示“彻底地”，填completely。
2. 句意：首先，我们可以在网上轻松规划行程。根据“plan our trips”的修饰及首字母“e”，此处需用副词表示“轻松地”，填easily。
3. 句意：只需点击几下，我们就能找到著名景点的信息。根据“a few”（后接名词复数）及首字母 “c”，此处表示“点击”，填clicks。
4. 句意：阅读其他游客的旅行建议。根据“travel”的修饰及首字母 “a”，此处表示“建议”（不可数名词），填advice。
5. 句意：这有助于我们了解预期情况并制定更好的计划。根据“plans”的修饰及首字母“b”，此处用比较级表示“更好的”，填better。
6. 句意：其次，预订票务和酒店变得简单得多。根据 “tickets and hotels” 的语境及首字母 “b”，此处用动名词作主语表示“预订”，填booking。
7. 句意：过去，我们得亲自去旅行社或火车站。根据“in”的搭配及首字母“p”，“in person”是固定搭配，表示“亲自”，填person。
8. 句意：我们还可以比较价格，选择最优惠的交易。根据“compare”的宾语及首字母“p”，此处用复数表示“价格”，填prices。
9. 句意：在线旅行为我们打开了一个可以探索的新世界。根据“a new world”的语境及首字母“e”，此处表示“探索”，填explore。
10. 句意：我期待在互联网的帮助下参观更多地方。根据“with the”的搭配及首字母“h”，“with the help of”是固定搭配，表示“在……的帮助下”，填help。
Passage 4
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
A famous poem described Petra this way: “A rose-red city half as old as time.” Petra, which means “rock” in Greek, was built from red sandstone. People settled in the area eight or nine t 1 years ago. The Nabataeans built Petra. They were an a 2 people originally from north-eastern Arabia. Not much is known about the Nabataeans’ history in the area before 312 CE. At that time, they successfully fought back some invaders. Then their power and prosperity i 3 .
Over the next few c 4 , the Nabataeans created most of Petra’s structures. UNESCO says the city is half-carved, half-built. It l 5 in the mountains, passages, and canyons between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea. The way into the city is t 6 a narrow gorge called the Siq. Cliffs rise eighty meters high on either side. More than a kilometer long, the gorge is unforgettable due to the rocks’ colors and s 7 .
The Nabataeans built many structures in Petra, i 8 tombs, banquet halls, temples, and altars. The Romans took over Petra in 106 CE. The city c 9 to prosper and grow. An earthquake in 363 destroyed half the city. It was hit again about two hundred years later. The earthquakes and political changes in that area l 10 to the end of Petra.
The rest of the world learned of Petra in 1812. Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, an explorer from Switzerland, found it. Today the beauty and mystery of Petra still excites the imagination of explorers and armchair travelers.
【答案】
1. thousand/housand 2. ancient/ncient 3. increased/ncreased 4. centuries/enturies 5. lies/ies 6. through/hrough 7. shapes/hapes 8. including/ncluding 9. continued/ontinued 10. led/ed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古城佩特拉（Petra）的历史兴衰与独特风貌，包括它的建造者、地理位置、建筑特色以及衰落的原因。
【详解】1. 句意：人们在八千或九千年前就定居在这片地区了。时间状语“eight or nine...years ago” 提示此处需填入表示“千”的单位词，首字母为t，故填thousand（注意：前面有具体数字时，thousand用单数形式）。
2. 句意：他们是一支最初来自阿拉伯东北部的古老民族。空格后为名词people，需用形容词修饰；根据上下文“Nabataeans（纳巴泰人）” 的历史背景及首字母a提示，此处表示“古老的”，应填ancient。
3. 句意：之后，他们的权力与繁荣程度都有所提升。前文提到他们成功击退入侵者，后文应是国力增强的顺承逻辑；主语“their power and prosperity”提示此处需填入动词，结合首字母i及过去时态语境，因此用increase（“增长、提升”）的过去分词increased。
4. 句意：在接下来的几个世纪里，纳巴泰人建造了佩特拉的大部分建筑。短语“Over the next few...”表示时间跨度，结合后文的历史时间线（312CE、106CE、363年），首字母c提示此处为century“世纪”，且few后接复数名词centuries。
5. 句意：它（佩特拉）坐落于红海与死海之间的山脉、通道和峡谷之中。句子主语为It（指代佩特拉），空格后为地点状语，首字母 l 提示固定搭配 “lie in”（位于）；主语为单数，时态为一般现在时，此处应为lie第三人称单数形式lies。
6. 句意：进入这座城市的通道要穿过一条名为西克（Siq）的狭窄峡谷。句中“the way into the city is...a narrow gorge”表示“穿过峡谷的通道”，首字母t提示介词“through”（表示从物体内部穿过）。
7. 句意：这条峡谷长超过一公里，岩石的颜色与形状让它令人难忘。并列结构“colors and...”提示此处需填入与colors并列的名词，结合语境及首字母s，应表示岩石的 “形状”，且用复数形式shapes。
8. 句意：纳巴泰人在佩特拉建造了许多建筑，包括陵墓、宴会厅、神庙和祭坛。后文的“tombs, banquet halls...”是对前文“many structures”的举例说明，首字母i提示介词“including”（表示 “包括”）。
9. 句意：罗马人于公元 106 年接管了佩特拉，这座城市继续繁荣发展。前文提到罗马接管佩特拉，后文“to prosper and grow”表示“繁荣发展”，首字母c提示动词“continue”（继续）；时态为一般过去时，continue过去式为continued。
10. 句意：地震和该地区的政治变化导致了佩特拉的终结。短语“...to the end of Petra”表示“导致佩特拉的终结”，首字母l提示固定搭配“lead to”（导致）；时态为一般过去时，lead过去式为led。
Passage 5
Sayram Lake (赛里木湖) rests quietly in the heart of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Known as “the last tear of the Atlantic Ocean,” it is Xinjiang’s highest and largest alpine lake. As Sa Beining once said: “A trip to Xinjiang would not be complete without a visit to Sayram Lake.”
A 1 the weather in the high mountains changes very fast, the lake’s bright blue colour almost never changes. Local c 2 have lived by the grasslands for hundreds of years. They love their home deeply and welcome tourists in a warm and friendly way. They take great pride in this great natural w 3 and pass on many old and interesting stories about the lake.
The lake stands on the ancient Silk Road, with a long history and unique local culture. In summer, colourful flowers bloom everywhere around the lake. The wind blows gently, making the water look like a bright blue diamond. The air is fresh and pleasant, and the clear water is c 4 blue, and you can even see the Coregonus peled (高白鲑) at the bottom of the lake. Sheep and cows wander slowly across the green grass, enjoying the peaceful natural environment. When people first see the lake, they will surely fall in love with it. To many visitors’ s 5 , the lake is much more beautiful than they can imagine.
To protect the lake, the local g 6 has built new roads and comfortable viewing areas. It also makes rules to ask people to protect nature and keep the place clean. Most visitors agree that it is w 7 visiting the lake again and again because it is so amazing.
Many young people return to live here, feeling h 8 about their future. They work hard to make their hometown better and better. They try their best to keep the lake clean and beautiful, w 9 harming the environment.
Sayram Lake really touches the h 10 of everyone who comes to visit this wonderful place.
【答案】
1. Although/lthough 2. citizens/itizens 3. wonder/onder 4. crystal 5. surprise/urprise 6. government/overnment 7. worth/orth 8. happy 9. without/ithout 10. hearts/earts
【导语】本文介绍了被誉为“大西洋最后一滴眼泪”的新疆赛里木湖，讲述了它的地理位置、当地的人文风情、绝美的自然景观、政府的保护举措，以及它带给每一位游客的心灵震撼。
【详解】1. 句意：虽然高山地区的天气变化非常快，但湖水明亮的蓝色几乎从未改变。此处引导让步状语从句，表达转折逻辑，首字母为A，句首单词首字母需大写，Although意为“虽然、尽管”，符合语境。
2. 句意：当地居民已经在草原边生活了数百年。结合语境及首字母c，citizens意为“居民、公民”，此处用复数形式指代当地生活的群体，符合语境。
3. 句意：他们为这一伟大的自然奇观感到无比自豪，并传承着许多关于这个湖的古老有趣的故事。“natural wonder”为固定搭配，意为“自然奇观”，首字母为w，wonder符合语境。
4. 句意：空气清新宜人，清澈的湖水呈水晶般的蓝色，你甚至可以看到湖底的高白鲑。修饰名词blue需用形容词作定语，首字母为c，crystal意为“水晶般的”，“crystal blue”形象地描绘出湖水清澈透亮的质感，符合语境。
5. 句意：令许多游客惊讶的是，这个湖比他们想象的要美丽得多。“to one’s surprise”为固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”，首字母为s，surprise符合语境。
6. 句意：为了保护这个湖，当地政府修建了新的道路和舒适的观景区域。结合“has built new roads”的施动者语境及首字母g，government意为“政府”，此处用单数形式，与后面的has保持主谓一致，符合语境。
7. 句意：大多数游客都认为这个湖值得一去再去，因为它太迷人了。“be worth doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，首字母为w，worth符合语境。
8. 句意：许多年轻人回到这里生活，对自己的未来感到开心。“feel happy about”为固定搭配，意为“对……感到开心”，首字母为h，happy意为“开心的”，形容词作表语，符合语境。
9. 句意：他们尽最大努力保持湖水的清洁和美丽，不破坏环境。结合语境及首字母w，without意为“不、没有”，介词后接动名词harming，符合语法和语境。
10. 句意：赛里木湖真的触动了每一个来到这个美丽地方的人的心。“touch the hearts of”为固定搭配，意为“触动……的心”，首字母为h，此处用复数形式hearts对应“everyone”，表示“每一个人的心”，符合语境。
Passage 6
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Liam Hannon was 10 when he started giving out free lunches to people who were hungry. He and his family made 20 sandwiches, put them in brown bags he had decorated, added a b 1 of water and a granola bar, and gave them away.
Liam is now 14 and his project is s 2 going strong. With help from other supporters, he h 3 out 75 to 100 lunches three times a month. We are asking Liam to tell us about it.
How did you get started
Four summers ago, I didn’t want to go to camp. My dad said, “You can’t stay at home doing n 4 .” So I did an online treasure-hunt program where you do academic challenges to move forward. I picked service as a subject.
The first week, the challenge told us to do something to h 5 people who are experiencing homelessness. I said, “Dad, there are people right outside our building who are so h 6 . Why don’t we make them lunch ” We made peanut butter & jam and went out with our wagon. The lunches were distributed very quickly.
What’s the most rewarding thing about what you do
I’d say meeting the people. They’re genuine (真诚的) people who just need a little k 7 in their lives.
What would you tell other kids who want to make a d 8
Do something that you e 9 doing, and then you’ll be more inspired to help others. And get your friends and family involved. I invite friends to help with lunches, and a 10 every time, they’ve come and given out lunches with me and my dad. Their willingness gives me confidence.
【答案】
1. bottle/ottle 2. still/till 3. hands/ands 4. nothing/othing 5. help/elp 6. hungry/ungry 7. kindness/indness 8. difference/ifference 9. enjoy/njoy 10. almost/lmost
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Liam从10岁起为无家可归的人免费发放午餐的善举，以及他如何将这个项目坚持并发展下去的故事。
1. 句意：他和家人做了20个三明治，放进他装饰好的棕色袋子里，加上一瓶水和一根燕麦棒，然后分发出去。根据语境和首字母b，这里表示“一瓶水”，固定搭配为a bottle of water。
2. 句意：Liam 现在14岁了，他的项目仍然势头强劲。根据上下文和首字母s，此处表示“仍然”，still going strong是固定表达，意为“势头依旧强劲”。
3. 句意：在其他支持者的帮助下，他每月三次分发75到100份午餐。根据语境和首字母h，这里表示“分发”，固定搭配为hand out。主语是he，句子用一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式hands。
4. 句意：你不能待在家里什么都不做。根据语境和首字母n，父亲是说不能“什么都不做”，固定搭配为do nothing。
5. 句意：挑战要求我们做一些事来帮助无家可归的人。根据语境和首字母h，此处表示“帮助”无家可归的人，不定式符号to后接动词原形help。
6. 句意：爸爸，我们楼外就有很多很饿的人。根据上下文和首字母h，前文提到“people who were hungry”，这里指“饥饿的”人，故填hungry。
7. 句意：他们是真诚的人，只是生活中需要一点善意。根据语境和首字母k，此处表示 “善意”，kindness是名词，符合“a little+名词”的结构。
8. 句意：你会对那些想有所作为的其他孩子说些什么？根据语境和首字母d，固定搭配为make a difference，意为“有影响、有所作为”。
9. 句意：做一些你喜欢做的事，这样你会更有动力去帮助别人。根据语境和首字母e，此处表示 “喜欢/享受做某事”，固定搭配为enjoy doing sth.，主语是you，用一般现在时。
10. 句意：我邀请朋友帮忙准备午餐，每次他们都来了，和我、爸爸一起分发午餐。根据上下文和首字母a，这里表示“而且/每次”，这里用and连接前后分句，同时结合语境，此处表示“几乎每次”，almost意为“几乎；差不多”符合语境。
Passage 7
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
It was early spring. Two seeds(种子) l 1 side by side in the soil(土壤).
The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots(根) deep i 2 the soil, and stretch my sprouts( 新芽) t 3 the earth(泥土) above me. I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the beauty of the fresh dew(露水) on my flowers in the morning! I will tell everyone s 4 comes. I will make friends with other plants, and we can grow together.” So she grew. H 5 , she found that the other seed did nothing. She was curious(好奇的) and asked, “Don’t you want to come out and see ”
The s 6 seed said, “I am afraid. I 7 I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I will come across in the dark. If I push my way through the hard soil above me, I might hurt my sprouts. And if I open my flowers, a naughty(顽皮的) child might pull me out of the ground. No, it is much b 8 for me to wait until it is safe.”
The first seed didn’t know what to say. The second seed sat there silently. A hen was walking nearby and looking for f 9 . She found the second seed and ate it. Like this seed, if we are afraid of g 10 up, life may swallow(吞掉) us.
【答案】
1. (l)ay 2. (i)nto 3. (t)hrough 4. (s)pring 5. (H)owever 6. (s)econd 7. (I)f 8. (b)etter 9. (f)ood 10. (g)rowing
【导语】本文讲述了两颗种子的不同的经历，从而告诉我们：我们要勇于成长，勇于面对挫折，否则生活可能会吞噬我们。
1. 句意：两颗种子并排地埋在土里。根据“side by side in the soil”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是lie“躺”，描述过去的事情，动词用过去式，故填(l)ay。
2. 句意：我要把我的根深深地扎进泥土里，把我的芽从我上面的泥土里伸出来。根据“send my roots(根) deep...the soil”及首字母提示可知，此处是into“到……里面”，故填(i)nto。
3. 句意：我要把我的根深深地扎进泥土里，把我的芽从我上面的泥土里伸出来。根据“my sprouts( 新芽)...the earth(泥土) above me”及首字母提示可知，此处说的是新芽钻出泥土，此处用through“穿过”，故填(t)hrough。
4. 句意：我会告诉每个人春天来了。根据“I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the beauty of the fresh dew(露水) on my flowers in the morning!”及首字母提示可知，是春天来了，故填(s)pring。
5. 句意：然而，她发现另一颗种子什么也没做。根据“she found that the other seed did nothing.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示转折，且与空格前后隔开，应用however，故填(H)owever。
6. 句意：第二粒种子说：“我很害怕。”根据“Two seeds”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是second“第二”，故填(s)econd。
7. 句意：如果我把根扎进地下，我不知道在黑暗中会碰到什么。根据“I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I will come across in the dark.”可知，此处是一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从句，故填(I)f。
8. 句意：不，我还是等安全了再做比较好。根据“for me to wait until it is safe.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“等安全了会更好”，much后接比较级形式，故填(b)etter。
9. 句意：一只母鸡在附近散步，寻找食物。根据“She found the second seed and ate it.”及首字母提示可知，母鸡在寻找食物，故填(f)ood。
10. 句意：就像这粒种子，如果我们害怕长大，生活可能会吞噬我们。根据“if we are afraid of...up”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是grow up“长大”，of是介词，后接doing形式，故填(g)rowing。
Passage 8
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
A mother bird and her two babies lived in a rice field. Every morning, she flew away to look for food. Before leaving, she always said, “Don’t go out. Danger is e 1 . Stay inside. Listen to every sound, since it is time to harvest. We must leave the field before the men come to harvest the crops.” One day, a 2 the mother bird flew away, a farmer and his son came to the field. The farmer said to his son. “It’s time to harvest. We will ask our neighbours to help us.” The son nodded. When the mother bird got home, the baby birds told her everything. She replied, “My dear, don’t be n 3 . We don’t have to leave now.” Then, the mother bird started to feed them. The next day, as u 4 , she asked the babies to be careful and left. The farmer and his son came again. The birds heard the farmer say, “The villagers are b 5 . They have no time to help us. We must get outside help.” The babies told her mum what happened after she came back, but she said, “Don’t worry. We s 6 have time to move.” A few days later, the farmer and his son visited the field the third time. He said, “If we don’t harvest the crops quickly, we will lose them. Tomorrow we must do it o 7 .” That evening, when the mother bird came back, the babies told her the farmer’s p 8 . She said, “I’m sure the farmer will cut the crops tomorrow. Now, you are strong e 9 to fly by yourselves. We will go to our new home in the tall tree over there, because this time, the farmer and his son really d 10 to cut the crops themselves. Always remember: Self-help is the best help.” said the mother bird, taking the babies to their new home.
【答案】
1. (e)verywhere 2. (a)fter 3. (n)ervous 4. (u)sual 5. (b)usy 6. (s)till 7. (o)urselves 8. (p)lan 9. (e)nough 10. (d)ecide
【导语】本文讲述小鸟三次对母亲讲了农民的谈话，小鸟的母亲最后决定搬家，并教育小鸟自助是最好的帮助。
1. 句意：危险无处不在。根据“Danger is e... Stay inside.”可知，母亲告诉孩子们危险无处不在，everywhere“到处”符合语境。故填(e)verywhere。
2. 句意：一天，在鸟妈妈飞走后，一个农夫和他的儿子来到了田野。根据“a...the mother bird flew away, a farmer and his son came to the field”可知，在鸟妈妈飞走后，一个农夫和他的儿子来到了田野。after“在……之后”符合语境。故填(a)fter。
3. 句意：亲爱的，别紧张。根据“My dear, don’t be n... We don’t have to leave now.”可知，告诉孩子不要紧张，nervous“紧张的”，在句中作表语。故填(n)ervous。
4. 句意：第二天，像往常一样，她让孩子们小心点，然后离开了。根据“The next day, as u..., she asked the babies to be careful and left.”可知，此处是as usual短语，意为“像往常一样”。故填(u)sual。
5. 句意：村民们都很忙。根据“The villagers are b... They have no time to help us.”可知，村民们没时间，所以很忙，busy“忙碌的”，在句中作表语。故填(b)usy。
6. 句意：我们还有时间搬家。根据“Don’t worry. We s...have time to move.”可知，妈妈安慰孩子仍有时间搬家，still“仍然”符合语境。故填(s)till。
7. 句意：明天我们必须自己做这件事。根据“Tomorrow we must do it o...”可知，必须自己做，主语是we，用反身代词ourselves。故填(o)urselves。
8. 句意：那天晚上，当鸟妈妈回来的时候，孩子们把农夫的计划告诉了她。根据“when the mother bird came back, the babies told her the farmer’s p...”可知，告诉妈妈农夫的计划，plan“计划”符合语境。故填(p)lan。
9. 句意：现在，你们已经足够强壮，可以自己飞行了。根据“you are strong e...to fly by yourselves”可知，足够强壮自己飞行，enough“足够”，副词。故填(e)nough。
10. 句意：我们将去那边那棵大树上的新家，因为这一次，农夫和他的儿子真的决定自己收割庄稼。根据“the farmer and his son really d...to cut the crops themselves”可知，农夫和他的儿子真的决定自己割庄稼，decide“决定”符合语境。故填(d)ecide。
Passage 9
阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。
A Special Team at the Winter Paralympics (残奥会)
A special team was doing some voluntary work at the 2022 Beijing Winter Paralympics Games. In fact, these little v 1 are 68 lovely guide dogs. All of them were strictly c 2 from a training center in Dalian, Liaoning Province. Months of special training had taught them how to do with complex (复杂的) situations in cold environments.
At the Paralympics, e 3 of the guide dogs wears a QR code (二维码). By scanning the codes, people can e 4 learn a lot of detailed information about the dogs, i 5 their blooding, age, training history and service conditions.
China s 6 up the first guide dog training center in 2006. Two years l 7 , a guide dog named Lucky made its appearance at the Beijing Paralympics. With its h 8 , Ping Yali, the first Chinese who got a Paralympic gold medal, completed the torch relay (火炬传递).
Our modern technology will c 9 to develop. But the special warmth and loyalty of guide dogs are always needed. During the Games, the guide dogs greatly helped the b 10 athletes to fully enjoy the sports competition.
【答案】
1. (v)olunteers 2. (c)hosen 3. (e)ach 4. (e)asily 5. (i)ncluding 6. (s)et 7. (l)ater 8. (h)elp 9. (c)ontinue 10. (b)lind
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年北京冬残奥会上一支由导盲犬构成的特殊的志愿者队伍。
1. 句意：事实上，这些小志愿者是68只可爱的导盲犬。根据上文的“A special volunteer team”可知，这是来自一支特殊志愿者队伍的志愿者们，且空格前的these后接名词复数，首字母为v，因此此空应是名词复数volunteers。故填(v)olunteers。
2. 句意：它们都是从辽宁省大连市的一个训练中心里精挑细选出来的。根据空格后的“from a training center”可知，这些志愿者狗狗是从训练中心里被严格挑选出来的，因此句子应用被动语态，其结构为：be+过去分词。首字母为c，choose“挑选”，动词，过去分词为chosen。故填(c)hosen。
3. 句意：在残奥会期间，每只导盲犬都戴着二维码。由谓语动词wears可知句子的主语应是第三人称单数；根据“of the guide dogs”可知，介词of前应有表示单数的代词，首字母为e，因此代词each表示“每一”符合题意。故填(e)ach。
4. 句意：通过扫描二维码，人们可以很容易了解到关于狗狗的大量信息，包括它们的血统、年龄、训练历史和服务状况。由空格前的“can”和空格后的“learn”可知空格处应填入一副词，修饰动词learn。根据上文“By scanning the codes”可知要了解狗狗们的信息只需要扫描二维码，这是非常容易的一件事情，说明可以“很容易地”获取到这些信息。首字母为e，因此这个副词应是easily。故填(e)asily。
5. 句意：通过扫描二维码，人们可以很容易了解到关于狗狗的大量信息，包括它们的血统、年龄、训练历史和服务状况。根据空格后的“their blooding, age, training history and service conditions”可知这些都是可了解到的信息，是包括在内的，including“包括在内”符合题意。故填(i)ncluding。
6. 句意：中国在2006年就建立了第一家导盲犬训练中心。空格处应填入一谓语动词；由“in 2006”可知句子应用过去时；首字母为s，动词短语set up表示建立，此处set为动词过去式，符合题意。故填(s)et。
7. 句意：两年后，一只名为“幸运”的导盲犬在北京残奥会上亮相。由“two years...”可知，此处为句子的时间状语，前文说2006年建立第一家导盲犬中心，2008年的北京残奥会应是其两年后，首字母l，later“后来”符合题意。故填(l)ater。
8. 句意：在它的帮助下，获得中国第一枚残奥会金牌的运动员平亚丽，完成了火炬传递。with one’s help意为“在某人的帮助下”，符合题意。故填(h)elp。
9. 句意：我们的现代科技将会继续发展。will后接动词原形，首字母为c，动词短语continue to do表示“继续做某事”，符合题意。故填(c)ontinue。
10. 句意：在残奥会期间，导盲犬们极大地帮助了那些盲人运动员们尽情地享受这场体育盛宴。由“the guide dogs”可知，导盲犬帮助的是那些有视力障碍的运动员选手们。首字母为b，blind“失明的，盲的”，形容词，符合题意。故填(b)lind。
Passage 10
阅读短文，根据所给的首字母提示，写出一个合适的单词，使短文通顺。
Recently the term “carbon neutral (碳中和)” has been a public topic. Being carbon neutral means cutting d 1 carbon emissions (碳排放) to zero or balancing (均衡) them out by taking some carbon out of the atmosphere (大气层). Carbon emissions make the climate (气候) change for the w 2 and the temperatures rise. They are caused by all kinds of human activities. Burning fossil fuels (化工燃料) like coal, oil and gas to p 3 energy is a main source of carbon emissions.
China has promised to be carbon-neutral by 2060. To achieve this goal (目标), we will face many challenges (挑战). However, many hands make light work. We students can also make contributions (贡献) to helping r 4 this goal. Here’re some suggestions:
Travel in a green way
Since driving cars has caused serious air problems, we’d better do more walking or cycling instead of driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce air p 5 .
Save water
Lack (缺乏) of water resources will be h 6 to the ecological (生态的) environment. So please turn off the tap after using it.
Plant more trees
A good way of balancing out the carbon emissions is to plant trees b 7 trees can take in CO2 as they grow.
Reduce food waste
Schools can encourage students to save food by comparing (对比) how much food is not eaten by students after each meal. They can w 8 the leftovers (剩余饭菜) by putting them on the scale (秤). Also, they can put the leftovers into a machine that can t 9 the waste into useful things. For example, some waste can be put in the garden to help plants grow.
Let’s join together to see how small changes can make a big d 10 .
【答案】
1. (d)own 2. (w)orse 3. (p)roduce 4. (r)ealize/(r)ealise 5. (p)ollution 6. (h)armful 7. (b)ecause 8. (w)eigh 9. (t)urn 10. (d)ifference
【导语】本文是一些关于“如何保护环境，过低碳生活”的一些建议。
1. 句意：碳中和意味着将碳排放减少到零，或者通过从大气中吸收一些碳来平衡碳排放。cut down“减少”，固定短语。故填(d)own。
2. 句意：碳排放使气候变化恶化，气温上升。根据“the temperatures rise”可知碳排放使得气候变得更糟；结合首字母提示可知，应填worse“更糟”。故填(w)orse。
3. 句意：燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气等化石燃料生产能源是碳排放的主要来源。根据“Burning fossil fuels (化工燃料) like coal, oil and gas”可知燃烧像煤炭、石油和天然气这样的化工燃料会产生能量；produce“产生”，动词；to后接动词原形。故填(p)roduce。
4. 句意：我们学生也可以为实现这一目标做出贡献。根据“this goal”及首字母可知此处指实现这一目标；realize/realise“实现”，动词；help do sth.“帮助做某事”。故填(r)ealize/(r)ealise。
5. 句意：通过这样做，我们可以节约能源，减少空气污染。根据“we’d better do more walking or cycling instead of driving.”可知步行或骑行代替开车，这会减少空气污染；air pollution“空气污染”。故填(p)ollution。
6. 句意：水资源的缺乏将会危害生态环境。根据“Lack (缺乏) of water resources”可知缺乏水资源将会危害生态系统；结合首字母提示可知，harmful“有害的”；be harmful to“对……有害”。故填(h)armful。
7. 句意：平衡碳排放的一个好方法是种树，因为树木在生长过程中可以吸收二氧化碳。根据“A good way of balancing out the carbon emissions is to plant trees ... trees can take in CO2 as they grow.”可知前后句为因果关系；由首字母提示可知，应填because“因为”。故填(b)ecause。
8. 句意：他们可以把剩菜放在秤上称重量。根据“putting them on the scale (秤)”可知是给剩余饭菜称重；weigh“称，称……的重量”，动词，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(w)eigh。
9. 句意：此外，他们还可以把剩饭剩菜放进机器里，这样就可以把废物变成有用的东西。turn ... into“把……变成……”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(t)urn。
10. 句意：让我们一起来看看小的改变是如何产生大的不同的。make a big difference“产生重大影响”，固定短语。故填(d)ifference。
Passage 11
When an island in the Pacific Ocean is mentioned, you must think of trees, sunshine, and soft beaches. Then you might be s 1 to find a huge “island” of garbage dump (垃圾堆).
The l 2 moving garbage dump in the world is over 3.5 million tons and more than twice the size of France. And it will double in s 3 every 10 years. However, this is not the only garbage dump. There are at least four other s 4 garbage dumps in the world. Scientists said that 20 percent of this garbage comes from sailing ships and 80 percent from the inland areas.
These garbage dumps are harmful to sea animals’ lives. Some animals eat the plastic garbage by a 5 . They will feel f 6 and stop eating the food they really need. Some fish that have eaten plastic garbage will be eaten by people. In the end, people are p 7 for what they have done.
Since these garbage dumps are far away from land, it’s c 8 that the cleaning of these dumps must be costly and difficult. But as students, we can do something to protect the environment, such as r 9 the daily use of plastic bags. As long as we start from the simple things around us, I believe we can gradually p 10 the growth of garbage dumps.
【答案】
1. (s)urprised 2. (l)argest 3. (s)ize 4. (s)imilar 5. (a)ccident 6. (f)ull 7. (p)aying 8. (c)ertain 9. (r)educing 10. (p)revent
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述太平洋上的一个岛屿上有一个很大的垃圾堆，而且世界上至少还有四个类似的垃圾场，这些垃圾堆对海洋生物有危害，这些动物以这些垃圾为食，而人类又以这些动物为食，最终人类也会为此付出代价。因此呼吁我们从身边简单的事情做起，阻止垃圾增多。
1. 句意：然后你可能会惊讶的发现一个巨大的垃圾场“岛”。根据“find a huge ‘island’ of garbage dump (垃圾堆).”可知，人们是会“惊讶的”发现有个垃圾岛屿。提示词以s开头，在be动词之后，可知是形容词surprised。故填(s)urprised。
2. 句意：世界上最大的移动垃圾场超过350万吨，是法国面积的两倍多。根据“in the world is over 3.5 million tons and more than twice the size of France.”可知，此处是说世界上“最大的移动垃圾堆”，又根据首字母l可知，是largest最大的。故填(l)argest。
3. 句意：而且它的规模每10年就会翻一番。in size是固定搭配，意为“在大小方面”，又根据首字母s可知，是size尺寸。故填(s)ize。
4. 句意：世界上至少还有四个类似的垃圾场。根据上文“However, this is not the only garbage dump.”可知，这不是唯一的垃圾堆，可知此处表示还有其他“类似”的垃圾堆。根据首字母s可知，是similar类似的。故填(s)imilar。
5. 句意：有些动物不小心吃了塑料垃圾。此处是固定搭配，by accident偶然；意外地。又根据首字母a可知，是accident。故填(a)ccident。
6. 句意：它们会觉得饱了，并停止吃它们真正需要的食物。根据“stop eating the food they really need.”可知，它们停止吃他们真正需要的食物是因为觉得“饱了”。根据首字母f可知，是full饱了。故填(f)ull。
7. 句意：最终，人们会为自己的所作所为付出代价。此处为固定搭配，pay for为……付出代价。此处是现在进行时表示将来，故填(p)aying。
8. 句意：由于这些垃圾场离陆地很远，清理这些垃圾场肯定是昂贵和困难的。 根据“it’s…that the cleaning of these dumps must be costly and difficult.”可知，此处应该是形容词，表示清理这些垃圾场“肯定”是昂贵和困难的。故填(c)ertain。
9. 句意：但是作为学生，我们可以做一些事情来保护环境，比如减少塑料袋的日常使用。此处表示“减少”塑料袋使用。根据首字母r可知，是reduce，又因在such后，故填(r)educing。
10. 句意：只要我们从身边简单的事情做起，相信我们就能逐渐阻止垃圾的增多。根据“As long as we start from the simple things around us”可知，只要我们从身边简单事情做起，会逐渐“阻止”垃圾增多。又根据首字母p可知，是prevent阻止。故填(p)revent。
Passage 12
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
Oxfam International, usually known as Oxfam, is one of the biggest charities. Oxfam's ideas are s 1 : everybody in the world must have the right to live, food to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care. All these ideas are c 2 . Oxfam began its work during wartime in the 1930s. At that time, the Greeks didn’t have enough to eat because of the war. People in Oxford d 3 to give money and food to people in Greece. So the name Oxfam comes from two w 4 —Oxford and Famine (饥荒). After the war, Oxfam joined other organizations to f 5 Oxfam International. Nowadays, this charity benefits people in over ninety cities in Africa, South America and Asia.Oxfam works in two ways. Firstly, it offers help in e 6 . In 2010, there was a big earthquake in Haiti. Over 200,000 people died and many more l 7 their homes. Doctors and volunteers provided medical help and gave out food and brought clean water to the villages. The s 8 way Oxfam works is to help people prevent future disasters. Oxfam has started a project called GROW, which helps farmers produce more and better food. But how does Oxfam pay for it all In order to raise money, this charity has run charity shops, where you can buy things that people d 9 , like clothes, toys and food. Another way to get money is with“ambassadors”—famous people who do voluntary work for charities and collect money. Ambassadors have different skills b 10 the message they send is the same—we should do what we can to help people in need!
【答案】
1. simple/imple 2. connected/onnected 3. decided/ecided 4. words/ords 5. form/orm 6. emergencies/mergencies 7. lost/ost 8. second/econd 9. donate/onate 10. but/ut
【导语】本文介绍了国际慈善组织乐施会（Oxfam）的宗旨、历史、工作方式及筹款途径，强调其在全球人道主义援助中的重要作用。
1. 句意：乐施会的理念很简单：世界上每个人都必须有生存的权利、保持健康的食物、清洁的饮用水和医疗保健。根据“everybody in the world must have the right to live, food to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care”可知理念很简单，simple“简单的”，形容词作表语。
2. 句意：所有这些理念都是彼此相关的。根据“everybody in the world must have the right to live, food to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care”可知此处指这些基本权利是彼此相关的，首字母为c，用connected表示“有关联的”。
3. 句意：牛津的人们决定向希腊人民提供金钱和食物。根据“to give money and food to people in Greece”可知是做出的决定，“decide to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，根据“didn’t have”可知用一般过去时，decide的过去式为decided。
4. 句意：因此，“Oxfam”这个名字来自两个单词——Oxford和Famine。“Oxford”和“Famine”是两个词，首字母为w，用word表示“单词”，two后接其复数形式。
5. 句意：战后，乐施会与其他组织联合成立了乐施会国际。根据“Oxfam joined other organizations to f... Oxfam International”及首字母f可推出是组成乐施会国际，“form an organization”是常见搭配，意为“组建/成立组织”，to后接动词原形form构成动词不定式。
6. 句意：首先，它在紧急情况中提供援助。根据后文“In 2010, there was a big earthquake in Haiti.”可知，此处指灾难或突发事件；首字母为e，应填emergencies（emergency的复数，因泛指各类紧急事件）。
7. 句意：超过20万人死亡，还有更多人失去了家园。根据“In 2010, there was a big earthquake in Haiti.”可知是更多的人失去了家园，结合首字母l可知用lose表示“失去”，结合“In 2010”可知用一般过去时，lose的过去式lost。
8. 句意：乐施会工作的第二种方式是帮助人们预防未来灾害。前文提到“Firstly”，此处应为第二种方式，空格前已有“The”，且首字母为s，此处用序数词second。
9. 句意：这家慈善机构运营慈善商店，你可以买到人们捐赠的物品。根据“this charity has run charity shop”可知是能买到人们捐赠的物品，用donate表示“捐赠”，此处用一般现在时，主语people后接动词原形。
10. 句意：大使们拥有不同的技能，但他们传递的信息是相同的。前后句意转折（技能不同 vs 信息一致），首字母为b，应填连词but表转折。
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