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/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末复习考点培优外研版（新教材）
专题13 短文填空
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lake Natron is a lake in Tanzania, East Africa. Its water is red, and the lake is one of the 1 (salt) lakes in the world. The red colour 2 (come) from salt-loving organisms (生物) called halophiles. This is a 3 (nature) wonder, but also dangerous to many living things.
Lake Natron is very hot. And its water can reach 60℃. The lake’s high salt levels can burn skin and even damage (损害) eyes. That’s why many animals cannot live here. But one special bird, 4 flamingo, loves this lake. It builds nests on the salt islands. Every year, thousands of flamingos come here 5 (lay) eggs and raise their chicks. The lake gives them a safe home, 6 few animals can reach their nests.
The lake’s beauty is 7 (change). Sometimes it looks red, sometimes pink, and sometimes silver or orange. This depends on the sunlight, temperature, and algae (藻类) in the water. Its colours change throughout the day and across seasons. Strong winds can also change the shape of the salt crusts.
People must be careful here. Walking near the lake is 8 (risk). The salt crust can break, and people can fall 9 the hot, salty water. The air around the lake sometimes smells terrible because of chemicals in the water. Still, it is a magical place to visit and study, especially for 10 (science) and photographers.
阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式 (每空一词)。
Flying can sometimes be a little scary. Long lines, busy schedules (行程), and maybe even a fear of heights all add to stress. To help travellers fight 11 (反对) stress, Portland International Airport has come up with a really cool 12 (解决方法): They’ve brought in two friendly llamas (羊驼) named Panda and Beni!
These cute animals come from a local farm. Their job is simple: to calm down 13 (紧张的) passengers, especially those who are afraid of flying. Travellers can touch or hug them 14 (直接地).
One family 15 (体验) this comfort firsthand. Their young son used to suffer from travel stress. But meeting Panda and Beni changed everything. He smiled brightly as he touched the llamas’ soft fur and chatted happily with the animals. “His worries just 16 (消失),” his mum shared. “We’re 17 (幸运的) to have such friendly animals around to offer him 18 (温暖) and calm when he needed them.”
The 19 (公众) has shown great interest in the llamas since their arrival. Shannon, the owner of the llamas, said proudly, “I’m glad to put smiles on people’s faces with the help of these cute animals.”
阅读下面材料按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入恰当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。
Altay is a beautiful place in Xinjiang, China. It is famous 20 its beautiful natural places and rich culture.
One of the 21 (popular) places in Altay is the Kanas Lake, often described as a “pearl (珍珠) on the grassland”. High mountains are around the lake and offer amazing beauty. Another must-see natural place 22 (be) the Altay Mountains, which run along the border (边界) of China, Mongolia and Russia. The 23 (mountain) are covered in thick forests in summer and with white snow 24 winter. 25 you’re interested in the culture, you can visit the Kazakh settlements (哈萨克族村落). You can learn about their 26 (tradition) way of life and enjoy their fantastic music there.
In 27 word, Altay is a wonderful place 28 (visit). Whether you are a nature lover or a culture lover, Altay has something to offer. So why not plan 29 (take) a trip to Altay and experience its beauty and enjoy 30 (you), my dear friends
根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整，每空限填一词。
Many people think that dinosaurs were the biggest animals throughout history. They are wrong. The world’s biggest animal 31 (survive), and it lives in the sea. It 32 (call) the Blue Whale. Blue Whales can be as long as 33 metres 33 they weigh as much as 181 tons.
The whale is not only the world’s biggest animal, but also one of 34 (clever) animals. 35 (amazing), whales can communicate with one another. However, we do not know what they are saying. One day, perhaps we will learn 36 (talk) with whales, and then they will tell us 37 they are able to understand us or not.
There are lots of 38 (story) about whales, and the most famous one is called Moby-Dick. The story was written by 39 American writer named Herman Melville. He spent a lot of time doing research 40 whales. Over the years, people have killed them for food and other things. However, there are now laws to stop people killing them.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Giuliana Demma, a 13-year-old girl from New Jersey, US, spends two to three hours every day after school on her sewing machine (缝纫机). She does this so she can make special hospital clothes for children.
“I love knowing that I could put a smile on a 41 (child) face,” Demma told CBS News.
She still remembers the time when her cousin Giada was diagnosed (诊断) with a terrible illness. Giada was only 10 months old, 42 the hospital clothes were too big for her. They were not comfortable to 43 (wear) at all. So, Demma decided to make hospital clothes with Disney characters to give her 44 (confident).
Later, Demma opened up G’s Giving Gowns, a nonprofit organization (非营利组织), to help other children. So far, she and her 11-year-old sister Audrina have 45 (make) more than 1,800 clothes in bright colors. They have given 46 (they) to children in hospitals in 36 states and the children can pick any design they like. They’ve even sent hospital clothes to Uganda, and three other 47 (Africa) countries.
This year, the Starbucks company gave the project $3,000 (about 21,600 yuan) to help 48 (many) children. More and more volunteers have joined 49 project and some of them are also just 13 years old.
“I wanted to do something to help kids like Giada,” Demma said to AP News. “They can feel comfortable when they are going 50 a difficult time.”
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After 30 wonderful years working as a window cleaner, it is time for me 51 (say) goodbye to this job. Looking back, every day high up in the air 52 (fill) with both challenges 53 joys. Up to now, thousands of windows have been cleaned 54 me, and this job is considered as a great responsibility for many people.
I still 55 (clear) remember my first summer on the job. I was soaked in sweat, feeling much hotter than on any usual day, and people called me a “spiderman”. But I will never forget the warm 56 (moment): a kind woman once handed 57 (I) a juicy watermelon on a hot day, and a little girl drew a picture of her cat to thank me. These small kindnesses have made this job so 58 (mean).
Window cleaning is never an easy job, but I have never regretted it. I have met so many kind people, heard countless warm stories, and got 59 strong sense of achievement. As I leave this role, I hope the city will keep 60 (shine) brighter, and wishes are sent to all of you from the bottom of my heart.
根据下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Saturday, our community 61 (organize) a “Second hand Fair” at the community centre. The activity was planned by 62 (volunteer) from the neighborhood, including my mom.
The purpose of the fair was to help kids in mountain areas buy books. For two weeks before the event, 63 (collect) old toys, clothes and books became everyone’s hobby. My sister and I cleaned 64 (color) dolls and a storybook with 65 (we) own hands.
On the day of the fair, the square was full 66 neighbors. Aunt Li sold her hand-knitted scarves, 67 Grandpa Wang put out used chess sets. I stood 68 (happy) by our stall, shouting, “These dolls are soft—they’ll make kids smile!”
By noon, most things were sold. The successful fair 69 (raise) over 2,000 yuan! Mrs Zhang, the community leader, said, “This isn’t just about money—it’s about building a warm home together. ”
Next month, we will share 70 photos of the mountain kids who got the books. I can’t wait to see how our community love travels far!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。
Mount Qomolangma, standing at around 8,848.86 metres, is the world’s highest mountain above sea level. But do you know that 71 (it) height is growing Scientists say the huge mountain grows by as much as two millimetres (毫米) every year. Two millimetres is very tiny, 72 the change will be big over time.
In 73 recent study, researchers have suggested that Qomolangma is growing because of a river, the Arun. This powerful river 74 (run) along the Himalayas and washes away rocks and soil. Then a huge, deep gorge (峡谷) 75 (create). As there is now less ground material left in that area, the crust (地壳) becomes lighter as well. This allows the crusts 76 (push) against each other and go upwards. Many 77 (year) later, the whole process raises the height of the land—even big, heavy mountains.
78 makes Qomolangma grow so rapidly Researchers discovered that with a lot more water going through the Arun, the river would wash away more rocks and soil. As a result, the gorge becomes even 79 (big) in a shorter time, causing Qomolangma to grow more quickly. It is 80 (real) amazing to think about how nature can change the world’s highest mountain!
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Yellow River is the second 81 (long) river in China. It runs from the mountains 82 the sea .
It gave birth to one of the oldest and most famous 83 (culture) in the world-the Yellow River culture. In the hearts of Chinese people, the Yellow River is the “mother river”. It is expected to play a more important role in our country’s 84 (develop).
The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 85 its water is yellow, as it took lots of yellow sand to the water when it ran through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原).
The river starts from Qinghai province in northwestern China. It runs through a lot of places before 86 (run) into the Bohai Sea. The 5,464-kilometer-long river 87 (feed) about 12% of China’s population and offers water to about 17% of fields and more than 50 cities.
So far our country has made great efforts (努力) in the environment 88 (protect) of the river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand can’t go into it. Our “mother river” has become much 89 (clear) than before. We should try 90 (we) best to protect it.
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses 91 important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then 92 (break) it, you may get really angry.
Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe 93 (fast) than before, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone. But sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger 94 (quiet). For example, you may hide it 95 your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt.
In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you 96 (get) angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or 97 (you).
When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s 98 (help) to talk about your anger with an adult, such as a parent, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad 99 (feeling) can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do 100 you start to feel angry: talk to a good friend, count from 1 to 100, give someone a hug (拥抱), go for a bike ride, think about good things, etc.
Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you.
在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The first real robots were developed in the 1950s. Since then, robots 101 (appear) in many American films. In some films, they behave 102 (well) than people.
In real life, robots are mainly 103 (use) in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult tasks for humans.
Robots also help disabled people, for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide dog 104 (help) them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs.
One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner (主人). It is 105 (real) clever. It knows the speed of its owner’s walk. The owner wears a special belt. This belt sends instructions 106 the owner from the dog, such as “Stop here”, “Turn left” or “Turn right”.
In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of 107 (they) in their daily lives. The robot hears the sound of its owner’s voice. It follows instructions such as “Turn the page” or “Make a cup of coffee”.
Robots are also working in American hospitals. They can do simple 108 (job). At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patients’ rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of 109 hospital in its computer memory.
110 robots can help people in many ways, they will never take the place of humans.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist.
Known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines(核潜艇)”, he gave all his life to the 111 (develop) of advanced technology for China. Born in 1926, he joined a secret team in 1958 to design China’s 112 (one) nuclear submarine. At that time, the task seemed almost 113 (possible) because of many difficulties.
For many years, Huang 114 (work) day and night. He and other scientists did a lot of research, and they often stayed up late 115 (solve) problems. Their hard work finally 116 (success)in 1970 when China launched(使下水)its first nuclear submarine. This was a great moment for China.
Huang’s family knew nothing about 117 (he) work for nearly 30 years. Though he missed many family events, he felt 118 (pride) to serve our country. In 2019, he was honoured with the Medal of the Republic, China’s 119 (high) honour for his great contributions(贡献).
All of us are moved by Huang’s story. Chinese people, 120 (especial) the young, will remember him forever.
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Matt came into the classroom with a heavy heart. His best friend Tom greeted him. “Are you still feeling blue about Saturday night’s game ” Tom asked. “Of course I am,” Matt said 121 (quiet). He didn’t dare to look at Tom as he spoke. “I’m really sorry about letting you down. The other team got those 122 (point) because of me.” “Don’t be too hard 123 yourself!” Tom said. “You pushed their player, but it was just an accident. We all know that!” 124 Matt knew the referee (裁判) didn’t share Tom’s opinion. When the referee saw Matt push another player, he gave the other team two free throws. Matt was shocked when 125 accident happened, but it was too late. He couldn’t take it back. “I guess we have to follow what he says,” Matt said after a while. “But we had a good chance 126 (get) more until I made that mistake. Why wasn’t I more careful I could just kick 127 (I)!” “Listen, Matt,” said Tom, “try to be positive. The other team is the 128 (good) in our area, but we didn’t fall too far behind. The team members in our school are good. You can’t win them all. It’s more important to learn from your mistakes so that you can avoid them in future. We’ll keep 129 (work) together as a team. One for all, and all for one.” “You’re right. If we pull together, we 130 (win) next time,” Matt smiled. He was lucky to have a friend like Tom!
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。
The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 131 the mother river of the Chinese. It 132 (start) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 133 (enter) the sea.
In ancient times, the river 134 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 135 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canals (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) 136 (build) to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 137 (quick).
In modern times, water projects have been built to store water and produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 138 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned.
The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 139 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can solve problems with wisdom 140 hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future.
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hongze Lake is in the west of Jiangsu Province. It is the fourth 141 (large) freshwater lake in China.
Hongze Lake has a long history. It was a small group of shallow lakes in the past, and was known as Fuling Lake. In the Tang Dynasty, it 142 (get) the name Hongze Lake. As time went by, the small lake 143 (final) turned into Hongze Lake.
There are many 144 (kind) of fishes in Hongze Lake. Hongze Lake is also famous for 145 (it) plants. Reeds (芦苇) almost cover the whole lake here. 146 the large-area reeds may even prevent boats from 147 (get) through.
In the northwest of Hongze Lake, there is a nature reserve (自然保护区) called National Nature Reserve of Hongze Lake Wetland. The government started to build it 148 July 1st, 1985. The reserve has 149 area of 49,365 hectares (公顷). It is the home to many birds. There are swans, cranes and other national first-and second-class rare and protected birds here. Every year, a lot of tourists come here 150 (watch) these birds. And many wildlife lovers come to take photos.
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Fangding, as one of the most important and excellent Chinese scientists, has got great 151 (achieve) in nuclear (核) physics and radiochemistry (放射化学). He helped solve the problems of nuclear testing, nuclear bombs (核弹) and nuclear waste (核废料). He has played 152 important role in China’s nuclear industry. His research has had a great influence 153 China’s development in science and technology and he has also taught many new successful scientists who learn a lot from him, including 154 (he) spirit.
He was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province in December, 1928. There were no good study conditions in his time like today’s, 155 he worked hard and entered Sichuan University. Since he graduated from the university in 1952, he has worked on nuclear science.
Though the working conditions were also very hard, he with his team 156 (beat) many different difficulties and succeeded in developing our country’s science and technology. With their hard work, our country’s development of nuclear science and technology has been ahead of the world level and we own 157 (good) technology in many ways in the world.
Like many Chinese scientists, he just works hard on our country’s development that is great enough 158 (shock) the world. Thank those who work hard-silently and protect us bravely instead of 159 (run) for money and fame. They are real idols 160 (real) worth our care and love.
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays smartphones play an important role in our life and each family has got one or more phones. It is said that students can get phones 161 (easy) at home. That worries parents and teachers a lot. Students often use phones after school or after they 162 (finish) their homework. And even worse, some students use them all day and night, and they forget 163 (they) studies. They become crazy about using phones.
As a result, that causes students a lot of health problems 164 well as study problems. Parents often argue with their kids because they use their phones too much. 165 they tell their kids many times not to play on their phones for a long time, it doesn’t work. At the same time, teachers always ask students not 166 (take) their phones to school, but they don’t listen to their teachers either.
So how to get phone usage (使用) 167 control is a big problem. In most students’ opinion, it’s OK 168 (play) for a while after a long day’s study so they don’t understand why their parents and teachers stop them 169 (use) phones.
What do you think of students using phones E-mail us at jerry901@ 170 (share) your opinions.
阅读下面短文，在各题空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all face different feelings while 171 (grow) up. It’s normal to feel upset, angry or worried when we have problems 172 friends or family. Bad feelings may influence our lives. Last month, I fought with my best friend Harry. I lent him my favorite guitar, but he returned it with an ugly mark. I was 173 (fill) with anger and said hurtful things to him. He stopped talking to me. I felt lonely and worried. My teacher Ella advised me 174 (call) him. At first, I was afraid to say sorry. But I knew our friendship was important. I called Harry and said, “I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have been hard on you.” He also felt bad and said he didn’t mean to break it. We 175 (clear) the air at last. I told him the guitar was a birthday present from my dad, and it meant a lot to me. Harry promised to be more 176 (care) in the future. Learning to solve bad emotions 177 (be) important for growing up. 178 we may argue, we should try to understand each other. We should care for 179 (we). If we do so, we will grow up 180 (healthy) and happily.
阅读下面的短文，然后根据括号内所给中文或音标提示写出单词的正确形式。（每空一词)
As summer gives way to autumn, many of us find that we want warmth and sunlight very much. The short days of autumn can can bring 181 /'tr bl/ to some people. They are having the so-called autumn sadness, which may cause a serious 182 (疾病) known as seasonal affective (情绪) disorder, or SAD．
SAD mainly starts in late autumn or early winter and goes away in spring and summer. People who 183 (遭受) from SAD often oversleep, overeat, and lose interest in activities they once liked. Some people even feel 184 (孤独) than before.
The reason for SAD is not clear enough at present, but a few things have been connected with its 185 (发展). For example, our body clock may be changed because of not having enough natural light during autumn and winter. This can make us unhappy.
People with SAD often need medical help. Doctors 186 / d'va z/ patients to get more sunlight. Light treatment helps to balance chemicals and give the patient the 187 (力量) to return to normal. More 188 (重要), living a healthy life, like sleeping early, exercising often, and having a balanced diet, can also help people 189 (对付) with SAD．
According to some 190 (采访), in most situations, SAD begins in young adulthood. So don’t forget to enjoy the sunlight outside the classroom and get energy from the outdoors!
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The story took place in a middle school. There was an important group dance 191 (compete). The school decided to set up a team to take part in it.
Lily was famous for her 192 (wonder) dances in her class. When the students were practising together, she only proudly paid attention 193 her own dance skills. On the day of the selection, Lily put on her most beautiful dance dress and 194 (try) her best. She just wanted to show off her skills. She thought that nobody was 195 (good) than her.
A few days later, the final list of the dance team came out, 196 Lily didn’t find her name on it. She asked her teacher Ms Wang 197 her name wasn’t on the list. Ms Wang answered her kindly but 198 (serious), “Lily, you are really good at dancing. But you just pay attention to your own dance. We need all the dancers 199 (work) as a team.” After hearing this, her face turned red.
From then on, Lily understood the true 200 (mean) of team dancing. She changed and became a good team player.
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．saltiest 2．comes 3．natural 4．the 5．to lay 6．because 7．changeable 8．risky 9．into 10．scientists
【导语】本文主要介绍了东非坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖，其湖水呈红色、含盐量极高、水温很高，对多数生物危险，却是火烈鸟理想的繁殖地。文章还描述了湖水颜色的多变性以及靠近湖泊的危险性。
【解析】1．句意：它的水是红色的，这个湖是世界上最咸的湖泊之一。salt“盐”，此处修饰名词lakes，用形容词形式salty“咸的”，“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，salty的最高级为saltiest“最咸的”。
2．句意：红色来自一种叫做嗜盐菌的喜盐生物。come from“来自”，空处作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为The red colour，动词用第三人称单数形式comes。
3．句意：这是一个自然奇观，但对许多生物也很危险。nature“自然”，修饰名词wonder，用其形容词形式natural“自然的”。
4．句意：但有一种特别的鸟，火烈鸟，喜欢这个湖。此处表示一类事物（火烈鸟这类鸟），前面加定冠词the。
5．句意：每年，成千上万的火烈鸟来到这里产卵并抚养它们的幼鸟。lay“下（蛋），产（卵）”，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是产卵和抚养幼鸟”。
6．句意：湖给了它们一个安全的家，因为很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴。“很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴”是“湖给了它们一个安全的家”的原因，用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。
7．句意：这个湖的美是多变的。句子缺表语，下文提到湖水颜色会变红、粉、银或橙色，说明它的美是多变的，用change“变化”的形容词形式changeable“多变的”。
8．句意：在湖边行走是危险的。be动词is后接形容词作表语，risk“危险”的形容词形式是risky“危险的”。
9．句意：盐壳可能会破裂，人们可能会掉入滚烫的咸水中。fall into意为“掉入、落入”。
10．句意：尽管如此，它仍然是一个参观和学习的神奇之地，尤其是对科学家和摄影师来说。and连接并列成分，photographers“摄影师”是复数，science“科学”对应的职业名词scientist“科学家”也用复数scientists。
11．against 12．solution 13．nervous 14．directly 15．experienced 16．disappeared 17．lucky 18．warmth 19．public
【导语】本文是记叙文，主要讲述波特兰国际机场为帮助旅客缓解出行压力，引入两只温顺的羊驼安抚紧张旅客，羊驼受到大众喜爱，也切实给有出行焦虑的旅客带来了慰藉。
【解析】11．句意：为了帮助旅客对抗压力，波特兰国际机场想出了一个非常酷的解决方法：他们引进了两只友好的羊驼，分别叫熊猫和贝尼！“反对”用介词against，fight against意为“对抗；抵制”，为固定搭配。
12．句意：为了帮助旅客对抗压力，波特兰国际机场想出了一个非常酷的解决方法：他们引进了两只友好的羊驼，分别叫熊猫和贝尼！空处位于形容词“cool”后，填名词作宾语，且空前有不定冠词“a”，“解决方法”用可数名词单数solution。
13．句意：它们的工作很简单：安抚紧张的旅客，尤其是那些害怕坐飞机的人。“紧张的”用形容词nervous，修饰名词“passengers”，作定语。
14．句意：旅客可以直接抚摸或拥抱它们。“直接地”用副词directly，修饰动词“touch”和“hug”，作状语。
15．句意：有一个家庭亲身感受到了这种舒适的感觉。此句用一般过去时讲述过去发生的故事。“体验”用动词experience的过去式experienced，作谓语。
16．句意：“他的忧虑一下子就消失了，”他的母亲说道。此句用一般过去时讲述过去发生的故事。“消失”用动词disappear的过去式disappeared，作谓语。
17．句意：“我们很幸运能有这些友善的动物陪伴身边，在他需要的时候给予他温暖和平静。”“幸运的”用形容词lucky，作表语。
18．句意：“我们很幸运能有这些友善的动物陪伴身边，在他需要的时候给予他温暖和平静。”offer sb. sth.“给某人提供某物”，空处填名词作宾语。“温暖”用不可数名词warmth。
19．句意：自从羊驼来到机场，公众对它们表现出了极大的兴趣。“公众”用名词public，the public表示“公众；大众”，为固定专有表达。
20．for 21．most popular 22．is 23．mountains 24．in 25．If 26．traditional 27．a 28．to visit 29．to take 30．yourselves
【导语】本文介绍了中国新疆的阿勒泰地区，以优美的自然风光和丰富的文化为特色，重点介绍了喀纳斯湖、阿尔泰山脉等景点，以及哈萨克族村落文化，是一篇说明文。
【解析】20．句意：它以其美丽的自然景观和丰富的文化而闻名。“be famous for”为固定搭配，意为“因……而闻名”，此处需填介词for。
21．句意：阿勒泰最受欢迎的地方之一是喀纳斯湖，常被描述为“草原上的珍珠”。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，popular的最高级为most popular。
22．句意：另一个必看的自然景点是阿尔泰山脉，它沿着中国、蒙古和俄罗斯的边界延伸。主语 “Another must-see natural place”为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。
23．句意：这些山脉在夏天被茂密的森林覆盖，在冬天被白雪覆盖。根据后文的谓语动词are可知，主语应为复数，mountain的复数形式为mountains。
24．句意：这些山脉在夏天被茂密的森林覆盖，在冬天被白雪覆盖。表示“在某个季节”时，需用介词in，“in winter”为固定搭配。
25．句意：如果你对文化感兴趣，你可以参观哈萨克族村落。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用连词if，句首首字母大写。
26．句意：你可以了解他们传统的生活方式，并在那里欣赏他们美妙的音乐。此处修饰名词“way of life”，需用形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional。
27．句意：总之，阿勒泰是一个值得一游的好地方。“in a word”为固定短语，意为“总之；简言之”，需填不定冠词a。
28．句意：总之，阿勒泰是一个值得一游的好地方。此处用动词不定式“to visit”作后置定语，修饰 place，表示“值得参观的地方”。
29．句意：那么何不计划前往阿勒泰旅行，领略当地风光，尽情游玩呢，亲爱的朋友们？“plan to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，需填动词不定式“to take”。
30．句意：那么何不计划前往阿勒泰旅行，领略当地风光，尽情游玩呢，亲爱的朋友们？“enjoy oneself”为固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”，根据后文的friends可知，此处为复数，反身代词用yourselves。
31．survives 32．is called 33．and 34．the cleverest 35．Amazingly 36．to talk 37．whether 38．stories 39．an 40．on
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了蓝鲸的体型、生活习性、交流方式，以及人类与鲸鱼相关的文化故事和保护现状。
【解析】31．句意：世界上最大的动物存活下来了，它生活在海洋里。句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语“The world’s biggest animal”是第三人称单数，故填survive的第三人称单数形式survives。
32．句意：它被叫做蓝鲸。该处需一个动词作谓语，主语“It”与“call”之间是被动关系，句子为一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be called，主语是单数，be动词用is，故填is called。
33．句意：蓝鲸身长可达33米，体重可达181吨。“as long as 33 metres”与“weigh as much as 181 tons”是并列关系，描述蓝鲸的两个特征，需用并列连词and连接。
34．句意：鲸鱼不仅是世界上最大的动物，也是最聪明的动物之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”，故填clever的最高级the cleverest。
35．句意：令人惊讶的是，鲸鱼能够互相交流。空格处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语，表示“令人惊讶地”，amazing的副词形式是Amazingly，位于句子开头，首字母需大写，故填Amazingly。
36．句意：也许有一天我们将学会与鲸鱼交流，然后它们会告诉我们它们是否能听懂我们的话。“learn to do sth.”意为“学会做某事”，learn后接动词不定式作宾语，故填to talk。
37．句意：也许有一天我们将学会与鲸鱼交流，然后它们会告诉我们它们是否能听懂我们的话。“whether...or not”意为“是否”，表示选择关系，故填whether。
38．句意：关于鲸鱼有很多故事，其中最著名的一个是《白鲸记》。“lots of”后需接可数名词复数，story的复数形式是stories。
39．句意：这个故事是由一位名叫赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的美国作家写的。空格后“American writer”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一位”，需用不定冠词修饰，American以元音音素开头，故用an。
40．句意：他花了很多时间研究鲸鱼。“do research on”意为“对……进行研究”，on可表示关于某方面，故填on。
41．child’s 42．so 43．wear 44．confidence 45．made 46．them 47．African 48．more 49．the 50．through
【导语】本文讲述了美国新泽西州13岁女孩Giuliana Demma，受堂妹经历启发，通过缝制带有迪士尼图案的病号服帮助患病儿童，并成立非营利组织扩大帮助范围的暖心故事。
【解析】41．句意：“我喜欢知道自己能让孩子的脸上露出笑容，”Demma告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻。此处修饰名词“face”，需用名词所有格形式child’s。
42．句意：Giada只有10个月大，所以病号服对她来说太大了。前文说明Giada的年龄，后文说明病号服不合身，前后因果关系用so。
43．句意：它们穿起来一点也不舒服。“be comfortable to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“做某事很舒服”，to后接动词原形wear。
44．句意：所以Demma决定缝制带有迪士尼角色的病号服，给她信心。“give sb. sth.”是固定搭配，表示“给某人某物”，此处需用名词作宾语，故将形容词confident变为名词confidence。
45．句意：到目前为止，她和11岁的妹妹Audrina已经制作了超过1800件色彩鲜艳的衣服。句子为现在完成时，结构为“have+过去分词”，make的过去分词为made。
46．句意：她们已经把这些衣服送给了36个州医院里的孩子，孩子们可以挑选自己喜欢的任何设计。此处指代前文的“clothes”，在动词“given”后作宾语，需用宾格形式them。
47．句意：她们甚至把病号服送到了乌干达和其他三个非洲国家。此处修饰名词“countries”，需用形容词形式，故将名词Africa变为形容词African。
48．句意：今年，星巴克公司给这个项目提供了3000美元(约合21600元人民币)，以帮助更多的孩子。此处表示“更多的孩子”，需用many的比较级more。
49．句意：越来越多的志愿者加入了这个项目，其中一些人也只有13岁。此处特指前文提到的“G’s Giving Gowns”项目，需用定冠词the。
50．句意：“我想做些事来帮助像Giada这样的孩子，”Demma告诉美联社。“当他们经历困难时期时，能感到舒适。”“go through”是固定搭配，表示“经历、度过”。
51．to say 52．was filled 53．and 54．by 55．clearly 56．moments 57．me 58．meaningful 59．a 60．shining
【导语】本文是一位从事窗户清洁工作30年的从业者在退休之际的回顾与感悟，讲述了工作中的艰辛与温暖瞬间，以及对这座城市和人们的祝福。
【解析】51．句意：在做了30年精彩的窗户清洁工后，是时候告别这份工作了。“It is time for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“到某人做某事的时候了”，需用动词不定式“to say”。
52．句意：回想起来，每一个高悬空中的日子都充满了挑战与欢乐。描述过去的状态，需用一般过去时。主语“every day”为第三人称单数，与动词“fill”之间为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was + 过去分词”，fill的过去分词为filled。“be filled with”意为“充满”。
53．句意：回想起来，每一个高悬空中的日子都充满了挑战与欢乐。“both...and...”是固定结构，表示“……和……两者都”，需用连词“and”连接challenges和joys。
54．句意：到目前为止，我已经清洗了数千扇窗户，这份工作被许多人视为一种重大的责任。此处表示被动，“by”引出动作的执行者，故填介词by。
55．句意：我仍然清楚地记得我从事这份工作的第一个夏天。修饰动词“remember”，需用副词形式作状语。“clear”的副词形式为“clearly”，意为“清楚地”。
56．句意：但我永远不会忘记那些温暖的时刻：一位善良的女士曾在炎热的一天递给我一个多汁的西瓜，一个小女孩画了一幅她的猫来感谢我。形容词“warm”后需接名词作宾语。“moment”为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用复数形式“moments”。
57．句意：但我永远不会忘记那些温暖的时刻：一位善良的女士曾在炎热的一天递给我一个多汁的西瓜，一个小女孩画了一幅她的猫来感谢我。动词“handed”后需接间接宾语，表示“给某人”，需用宾格代词“me”。
58．句意：这些小小的善意让这份工作变得如此有意义。“make sth. + 形容词”结构中，形容词作宾语补足语。“mean”的形容词形式为“meaningful”，意为“有意义的”。
59．句意：我遇到了这么多善良的人，听到了无数温暖的故事，并获得了一种强烈的成就感。“a sense of achievement”是固定搭配，意为“一种成就感”，strong以辅音音素开头，故填a。
60．句意：当我离开这个职位时，我希望这座城市继续保持更加明亮的光芒，并衷心地向你们所有人送上祝福。“keep doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“保持做某事/处于某种状态”，故填动名词shining。
61．organized 62．volunteers 63．collecting 64．colorful 65．our 66．of 67．and 68．happily 69．raised 70．the
【导语】本文讲述了上星期六，社区在社区中心组织了一次“二手集市”活动，目的是帮助山区孩子买书，活动很成功，集市筹集了2000多元，下个月还会分享收到书的山区孩子的照片。
【解析】61．句意：上星期六，我们社区在社区中心组织了一次“二手集市”。根据“Last Saturday”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以这里用organize的过去式organized。
62．句意：这次活动是由附近的志愿者计划的，包括我的妈妈。“volunteer”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词修饰，所以用复数形式volunteers。
63．句意：在活动前的两周里，收集旧玩具、衣服和书籍成了每个人的爱好。“collect”在这里作主语，应用动名词形式collecting。
64．句意：我和妹妹亲手清洗了色彩鲜艳的玩偶和一本故事书。“dolls”是名词，前面要用形容词修饰，color的形容词形式是colorful，意为“色彩鲜艳的”。
65．句意：我和妹妹亲手清洗了色彩鲜艳的玩偶和一本故事书。“own hands”是名词短语，前面要用形容词性物主代词修饰，we的形容词性物主代词是our。
66．句意：集市那天，广场上挤满了邻居。“be full of”是固定短语，意为“充满”，所以这里填of。
67．句意：李阿姨卖她手工编织的围巾，王爷爷拿出用过的棋盘。“Aunt Li sold her hand-knitted scarves”和“Grandpa Wang put out used chess sets”是两个并列的句子，表示并列关系，所以用连词and连接。
68．句意：我高兴地站在我们的摊位旁，喊着：“这些玩偶很柔软——它们会让孩子们微笑！”“stood”是动词，要用副词修饰，happy的副词形式是happily。
69．句意：这次成功的集市筹集了2000多元！根据“By noon, most things were sold.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以这里用raise的过去式raised。
70．句意：下个月，我们将分享收到书的山区孩子的照片。“photos of the mountain kids”表示特指收到书的山区孩子的照片，所以用定冠词the。
71．its 72．but 73．a 74．runs 75．is created 76．to push 77．years 78．What 79．bigger 80．really
【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的高度仍在增长，科学家解释了其中的原因与阿伦河有关。
【解析】71．句意：但你知道它的高度还在增长吗？此处修饰名词“height”，应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。
72．句意：两毫米非常微小，但随着时间的推移，变化会很大。前后句意存在转折关系，前说“微小”，后说“变化大”，应用转折连词but。
73．句意：在最近的一项研究中，研究人员提出珠穆朗玛峰因阿伦河而增高。study为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一项研究”，且recent以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
74．句意：这条强大的河流沿着喜马拉雅山脉奔流，冲刷岩石和土壤。描述客观事实，句子时态为一般现在时；主语“This powerful river”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用run的第三人称单数形式runs。
75．句意：然后，一个巨大而深的峡谷被形成。主语“a huge, deep gorge”与动词create之间为被动关系，且描述一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为is/am/are+过去分词；主语为单数，be动词用is，create的过去分词为created。
76．句意：这使得地壳相互挤压并向上移动。allow sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许……做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to push作宾语补足语。
77．句意：许多年后，整个过程抬高了地面的高度——甚至是高大沉重的山脉。year为可数名词，其前有many修饰，应用复数形式years。
78．句意：是什么让珠穆朗玛峰增长得如此迅速？此处为特殊疑问词引导的疑问句，询问原因或事物，且作主语，应用疑问代词What，首字母大写。
79．句意：结果，峡谷在更短的时间内变得更大，导致珠穆朗玛峰增长得更快。even后常接形容词比较级表示程度加深，big的比较级为bigger。
80．句意：思考大自然如何改变世界最高峰真是令人惊叹。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，real的副词形式为really。
81．longest 82．to 83．cultures 84．development 85．because 86．running 87．feeds 88．protection 89．clearer 90．our
【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、文化意义、名称由来、流经区域及其生态环境保护的成效。
【解析】81．句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。表示“第二长的”，用定冠词加形容词最高级，long的最高级是longest。
82．句意：它从山脉流向大海。固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，故填to。
83．句意：它孕育了世界上最古老、最著名的文化之一——黄河文化。固定搭配“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，culture的复数形式是cultures。
84．句意：它有望在我国的发展中发挥更重要的作用。名词所有格country’s后用名词，develop的名词形式是development。
85．句意：这条河在中文里被称为“黄河”，因为当它流经黄土高原时，携带了大量黄沙，河水呈黄色。前后句为因果关系，表示“因为”，故填because。
86．句意：它在流入渤海之前流经许多地方。介词before后用动名词作宾语，run的动名词形式是running。
87．句意：这条5464公里长的河流养育了大约12%的中国人口，为约17%的农田和50多个城市提供水源。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The 5,464-Kilometer-long river为第三人称单数，故填feeds。
88．句意：到目前为止，我国在河流的环境保护方面做出了巨大努力。名词所有格environment的后面用名词，protect的名词形式是protection。
89．句意：我们的“母亲河”比以前清澈多了。由than before可知用比较级，clear的比较级是clearer。
90．句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护它。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”，we的形容词性物主代词是our。
91．an 92．breaks 93．faster 94．quietly 95．in 96．to get 97．yourself 98．helpful 99．feelings 100．when
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了愤怒这种情绪的产生、表现，说明隐藏愤怒的危害，并给出了正确处理愤怒的方法，提醒人们不要被愤怒控制。
【解析】91．句意：当你的队伍输掉一场重要的比赛时。“game”是可数名词单数，空后的“important”以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an（一个），表示泛指。
92．句意：当一个朋友借了你最喜欢的东西然后把它弄坏时，你可能会变得很生气。由“borrows”可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语“a friend”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
93．句意：举个例子，你的呼吸比以前更快。句中有“than”表示比较，需用副词fast的比较级。
94．句意：但有时你悄悄地隐藏你的愤怒。修饰动词“hide”需用副词。
95．句意：举个例子，你可能把它藏在心里。hide in one’s heart是固定搭配，表示“藏在心里”。
96．句意：有时候生气对你来说是正常的。it’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，需用不定式作主语。
97．句意：不伤害别人也不伤害你自己。与“others”并列，表示伤害自己，需用反身代词yourself表示“你自己”。
98．句意：和成年人谈论你的愤怒是有帮助的。it’s+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，此处表示和成年人谈论会有帮助，需用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。
99．句意：那些坏情绪会开始消失。“those”后接可数名词复数。
100．句意：当你开始感到生气时，你可以做一些其他的事情。“you start to feel angry”是时间背景，需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
101．have appeared 102．better 103．used 104．to help 105．really 106．to 107．themselves 108．jobs 109．the 110．Although/Though
【导语】本文介绍了机器人的发展历程及其在电影、工厂、残疾人生活、医院等场景中的应用，同时指出尽管机器人能多方面帮助人类，却无法取代人类。
【解析】101．句意：从那以后，机器人出现在许多美国电影中。“Since then”是现在完成时的标志，主语robots为复数，故用现在完成时have appeared。
102．句意：在一些电影中，它们的表现比人类更好。句中出现“than”表示比较，需用副词well的比较级better。
103．句意：在现实生活中，机器人主要被用于工厂。主语robots与动词use是被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，use的过去分词为used。
104．句意：如今，许多盲人都有导盲犬来帮助他们。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“导盲犬”的用途是帮助盲人，故填to help。
105．句意：它真的很聪明。此处需要副词修饰形容词clever，real的副词形式为really。
106．句意：这条腰带将来自机器狗的指令发送给主人，例如“停在这里”、“左转”或“右转”。固定搭配“send sth. to sb.”表示“把某物发送给某人”。
107．句意：在美国，另一种机器人帮助残疾人在日常生活中照顾自己。此处主语与宾语指代的是同一类人，需用反身代词，they的反身代词为themselves。
108．句意：它们可以做简单的工作。job为可数名词，此处表示“简单的工作”这一类事物，需用复数形式jobs。
109．句意：它从不迷路，因为这个机器人的计算机存储器里有这家医院的地图。此处特指前文提到的“这家医院”，需用定冠词the。
110．句意：虽然机器人能在很多方面帮助人类，但它们永远不会取代人类。前后句存在转折关系，需用让步状语从句引导词Although/Though，位于句首首字母大写。
111．development 112．first 113．impossible 114．worked 115．to solve 116．succeeded 117．his 118．proud 119．highest 120．especially
【导语】短文介绍了 “中国核潜艇之父” 黄旭华，他隐姓埋名三十年，为我国核潜艇事业奉献一生，最终荣获共和国勋章的故事。
【解析】111．句意：他一生致力于中国先进技术的发展。空前有定冠词，定冠词后需接名词，故将动词“develop”变为名词“development”，构成固定句型“the development of”，故填development。
112．句意：1958年，他加入一个秘密团队，设计中国第一艘核潜艇。表示“第一艘”的内容，需要用序数词，将基数词one变为序数词first，故填first。
113．句意：当时，由于诸多困难，这项任务似乎几乎不可能完成。语境表示“几乎不可能”，需用possible的反义词，在前面直接加im，故填impossible。
114．句意：多年来，黄旭华日夜工作。空前“For many years”表示是过去的时间，用一般过去时，work的一般过去时在后面直接加ed，故填worked。
115．句意：他和其他科学家做了大量研究，经常熬夜解决问题。不定式作状语，表目的，故填to solve。
116．句意：1970年，中国第一艘核潜艇下水，他们的努力终于成功了。空后“in 1970”说明是过去的时间，所以要用过去式，success为名词形式，需变为动词形式succeed并加ed，故填succeeded。
117．句意：近30年来，他的家人对他的工作一无所知。空处单词修饰后面名词work，需用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
118．句意：尽管错过了很多家庭活动，但他为报效祖国感到自豪。空前“feel”作为感官动词，后需接形容词作表语，名词pride的形容词性为proud，故填proud。
119．句意：2019年，他因巨大贡献被授予共和国勋章——中国的最高荣誉。空处需用形容词最高级，在后面直接加est，故填highest。
120．句意：所有中国人，尤其是年轻人，将永远铭记他。需要用副词，表示“尤其是”，故填especially。
121．quietly 122．points 123．on 124．But 125．the 126．to get 127．myself 128．best 129．working 130．will win
【导语】本文主要介绍了Matt因比赛失误自责时，好友Tom安慰并鼓励他，最终Matt重拾信心的故事。
【解析】121．句意：“我当然难过，”Matt小声说道。此处需用副词修饰动词said，形容词quiet的副词形式为quietly“小声地；安静地”。
122．句意：对方球队因为我得到了那些分数。those后接可数名词复数形式，point的复数为points“分数”。
123．句意：“别对自己太苛刻！”Tom说。be hard on sb.意为“对某人苛刻”，固定短语，此处需用介词on。
124．句意：但Matt知道裁判并不认同Tom的看法。前文Tom安慰Matt，后文转述Matt内心想法——裁判不这么认为，语义转折，需用连词But，位于句首首字母应大写。
125．句意：当事故发生时，Matt很震惊，但为时已晚。accident特指前文提到的Matt推人导致被罚的事件，需用定冠词the。
126．句意：但在我犯那个错误之前，我们本有很好的机会得分。have a chance to do sth.意为“有机会做某事”，此处需用不定式to get。
127．句意：我真想踢我自己！此处表示“我自己”，主语为I，对应的反身代词为myself。
128．句意：对方球队是我们地区最好的，但我们并没有落后太多。in our area表示范围，此处需用形容词最高级，good的最高级为best，意为“最好的”。
129．句意：我们会继续作为一个团队一起努力。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，固定搭配，此处需用动名词形式working。
130．句意：如果我们齐心协力，下次我们会赢的。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，结构为will + 动词原形。
131．as 132．starts 133．entering 134．brought 135．its 136．were built 137．quickly 138．trees 139．importance 140．and
【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、历史上的水患与治理、现代水利工程与环保措施，以及黄河治理带给我们的启示。
【解析】131．句意：它被誉为中华民族的母亲河。“be known as”为固定短语，意为“被称为”，故填as。
132．句意：它发源于青藏高原。描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，start的第三人称单数为starts。
133．句意：它流经九个省份后入海。介词before后接动名词作宾语，enter的动名词为entering。
134．句意：在古代，这条河既带来生命也带来问题。描述过去的情况，用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。
135．句意：在洪水季节，它经常决堤。修饰名词banks，需用形容词性物主代词，it的对应词为its。
136．句意：后来，人们修建了堤坝来控制水流。主语embankments与build之间为被动关系，且描述过去的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填were built。
137．句意：潘季驯使用更窄的堤坝来快速冲刷泥沙。修饰动词wash away，需用副词，quick的副词为quickly。
138．句意：例如种植树木以减少水土流失。tree为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填trees。
139．句意：黄河的故事教会我们与自然和平共处的重要性。the后接名词，important的名词为importance。
140．句意：它展示了人们如何用智慧和努力解决问题。wisdom与hard work为并列关系，用and连接。
141．largest 142．got 143．finally 144．kinds 145．its 146．So 147．getting 148．on 149．an 150．to watch
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕洪泽湖展开，介绍了它的地理位置、历史演变、生态资源以及洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区的情况。
【解析】141．句意：它是中国第四大淡水湖。固定搭配“the+序数词+形容词最高级”表示“第几……的”，large的最高级为largest。
142．句意：在唐代，它得名洪泽湖。时间状语“In the Tang Dynasty”表示过去，用一般过去时，get的过去式为got。
143．句意：随着时间的推移，这些小湖泊最终变成了洪泽湖。修饰动词turned需用副词，final的副词形式为finally。
144．句意：洪泽湖里有很多种鱼。many kinds of为固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”，kind的复数形式为kinds。
145．句意：洪泽湖也因它的植物而闻名。修饰名词plants需用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词为its。
146．句意：芦苇几乎覆盖了整个湖面，所以大片的芦苇甚至可能会阻碍船只通过。前后句为因果关系，用连词So，句首首字母大写。
147．句意：芦苇几乎覆盖了整个湖面，所以大片的芦苇甚至可能会阻碍船只通过。固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，get需变为动名词getting。
148．句意：政府于1985年7月1日开始建造它。“July 1st, 1985”是具体日期，具体日期前用介词on。
149．句意：该保护区面积为49365公顷。固定搭配have an area of表示“面积为……”，填不定冠词an。
150．句意：每年，很多游客来这里观看这些鸟。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是观看”，watch的不定式为to watch。
151． achievements 152．an 153．on 154．his 155．but 156．beat 157．the best 158．to shock 159．running 160．really
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国科学家王方定的事迹。他作为中国重要的杰出科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学领域取得了巨大成就，帮助解决了核试验、核弹及核废料等问题，在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。
【解析】151．句意：王方定，作为中国重要的杰出科学家之一，在核物理和放射化学方面取得了巨大的成就。括号内单词为“achieve”(实现，取得，动词)。空前有形容词“great”(巨大的)，形容词后需接名词作宾语，“achieve”的名词形式是“achievement”(成就)，为可数名词。“great achievements”表示“巨大成就”，符合语境。
152．句意：他在中国核工业中发挥了重要作用。此处考查固定搭配“play an important role in...”(在……中发挥重要作用)。“important”(重要的)以元音音素//开头，不定冠词需用“an”。
153．句意：他的研究对中国科学技术的发展产生了巨大影响。此处考查固定搭配“have an influence on...”(对……有影响)，表示“对……产生影响”时，需用介词“on”。
154．句意：他还培养了许多新的成功科学家，他们从他身上学到了很多，包括他的精神。括号内单词为“he”(他，人称代词主格)。空后为名词“spirit”(精神)，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”(他的)。
155．句意：他那个时代没有像今天这样好的学习条件，他努力学习，进入了四川大学。前半句“没有好的学习条件”与后半句“努力学习并考入大学”之间存在转折关系，需用转折连词“but”(但是)连接。
156．句意：尽管工作条件也很艰苦，但他和他的团队克服了许多不同的困难，并成功发展了我国的科学技术。括号内单词为“beat”(打败，克服，动词)。句中“and”连接并列谓语，后半句“succeeded”(成功)为过去式，因此前半句谓语动词也需用过去式，“beat”的过去式是“beat”。
157．句意：在他们的努力下，我国核科学和技术的发展已经领先世界水平，并且我们在世界上许多方面拥有最好的技术。句中“in many ways in the world(在世界上许多方面)”表示范围，需用形容词最高级，且最高级前需加定冠词“the”。“good(好的)”的最高级为“best(最好的)”。故填“the best”。
158．句意：像许多中国科学家一样，他只是努力为国家的发展工作，这足够伟大去震惊世界。句中“is great enough”后需接动词不定式，构成固定结构“be+adj.+enough to do sth.(足够……去做某事)”，表示“足够伟大去震惊世界”。因此填“to shock”。
159．句意：感谢那些默默努力工作、勇敢保护我们，而不是为金钱和名誉而奔走的人。中“instead of(而不是)”为介词短语，后接动词时需用动名词形式。“run(奔走)”的动名词为“running”。
160．句意：他们是真正值得我们关心和爱戴的偶像。空后为形容词“worth(值得的)”，需用副词修饰形容词。“real(真实的)”为形容词，其副词形式为“really”(真正地)。
161．easily 162．finish 163．their 164．as 165．Although/Though 166．to take 167．under 168．to play 169．using 170．to share
【导语】本文探讨了学生使用智能手机的问题：如今手机普及，学生易沉迷手机，引发健康、学习问题，家长和老师的管控效果不佳，如何合理控制手机使用成了难题。
【解析】161．句意：据说学生在家能很容易拿到手机。此处修饰动词“get”，需用“easy”的副词形式。
162．句意：学生们经常在放学后或完成作业后使用手机。主语“they”是复数，且此处描述一般情况，用动词原形。
163．句意：更糟糕的是，一些学生整日整夜使用手机，忘记了他们的学业。此处修饰名词“studies”，需用形容词性物主代词。
164．句意：结果，这给学生带来了很多健康问题，也带来了学习问题。“as well as”是固定搭配(也、和)，用于连接并列成分。
165．句意：尽管他们多次告诉孩子不要长时间玩手机，但这并不管用。此处表让步，需用引导让步状语从句的连词。
166．句意：同时，老师总是要求学生不要把手机带到学校，但他们也不听老师的话。“ask sb. not to do sth.”是固定搭配(要求某人不要做某事)，需用动词不定式形式。
167．句意：那么如何控制手机的使用是一个大问题。“under control”是固定搭配(处于控制之下)。
168．句意：在大多数学生看来，经过一整天的学习后玩一会儿是可以的，所以他们不明白为什么父母和老师阻止他们使用手机。“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型(做某事是……的)，需用动词不定式形式。
169．句意：在大多数学生看来，经过一整天的学习后玩一会儿是可以的，所以他们不明白为什么父母和老师阻止他们使用手机。“stop sb. (from) doing sth.”是固定搭配(阻止某人做某事)，需用动名词形式。
170．句意：你对学生使用手机有什么看法？请发邮件至jerry901@分享你的观点。此处表目的，需用动词不定式形式。
171．growing 172．with 173．filled 174．to call 175．cleared 176．careful 177．is 178．Although/Though 179．ourselves 180．healthily
【导语】本文围绕作者和最好的朋友吵架后，通过沟通化解矛盾并重归于好的过程展开，告诉我们要学会解决不良情绪。
【解析】171．句意：在成长的过程中，我们都会经历各种各样的情绪。while引导时间状语从句，省略和主句一致的主语we和be动词，用现在分词growing。
172．句意：当我们与朋友或家人发生矛盾时，感到沮丧、愤怒或担忧是很正常的。have problems with sb“和某人之间有问题”，填介词with。
173．句意：我满心愤怒，还对他说了一些伤人的话。be filled with表示“充满”，填过去分词filled。
174．句意：我的老师埃拉建议我给他打电话。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，填不定式to call作宾语补足语。
175．句意：最后我们消除了误会。根据“Last month”和“He also felt bad and said he didn’t mean to break it.”可知，讲述上个月发生的事要用一般过去时，clear的过去式为cleared。
176．句意：哈利承诺以后会更加小心。care“小心”，此处要用形容词careful“小心的”作表语。
177．句意：学会解决不良情绪对于成长来说非常重要。陈述客观道理用一般现在时，动名词短语Learning to solve bad emotions作主语，谓语用单数，此处填is。
178．句意：尽管我们可能会争吵，但我们应该努力去理解对方。根据“...we may argue, we should try to understand each other.”可知，前后句为转折关系，要用Although或Though“尽管”引导让步状语从句，位于句首需大写。
179．句意：我们应该关心自己。根据“We should care for...”可知，我们应该关心我们自己，要用we“我们”的反身代词ourselves。
180．句意：如果我们这样做，我们就能健康快乐地成长。此处修饰动词短语grow up，和副词happily并列，用healthy的副词形式healthily“健康地”。
181．trouble 182．illness 183．suffer 184．lonelier 185．development 186．advise 187．strength 188．importantly 189．deal 190．interviews
【导语】本文介绍了秋冬季节易发的季节性情绪失调（SAD），阐述了它的症状、诱因，同时给出多晒太阳、光疗、健康作息等应对方法，并提醒年轻人多接触户外阳光，远离秋日情绪低落。
【解析】181．句意：秋日白昼变短，会给一些人带来困扰。音标/ tr bl/对应单词trouble，bring trouble to“给……带来困扰”，此处trouble“困扰”为不可数名词。
182．句意：这可能引发一种名叫季节性情绪失调的严重疾病。illness“疾病”是名词，前面有不定冠词a，此处用单数名词illness。
183．句意：遭受季节性情绪失调的人常常睡得多、吃得多，并对曾经喜欢的活动失去兴趣。固定搭配suffer from“遭受”；此处是定语从句，时态为一般现在时，先行词people为复数，谓语动词用原形suffer。
184．句意：有些人甚至比以前更孤独。lonely“孤独”，than表示“比”，此处应该用lonely的比较级lonelier。
185．句意：但有一些因素和它的发展有关。形容词性物主代词its后接名词，“发展”的名词形式为development。
186．句意：医生建议病人多晒太阳。音标/ d va z/对应advise“建议”，为动词，句子时态为一般现在时，主语Doctors是复数，谓语动词用原形advise。
187．句意：光疗有助于平衡化学物质，给患者恢复常态的力量。定冠词the后接名词，strength“力量”是名词。
188．句意：更重要的是，健康的生活方式，比如早睡、经常锻炼和均衡饮食，也能帮助人们应对季节性情绪失调。固定短语More importantly“更重要的是”，此处是副词作插入语。
189．句意：更重要的是，健康的生活方式，比如早睡、经常锻炼和均衡饮食，也能帮助人们应对季节性情绪失调。deal with“应对、对付”是固定短语，help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”是固定搭配，此处应该用动词原形deal。
190．句意：根据一些采访，大多数情况下这种病始于青年时期。此处interview“采访”是名词，some后接可数名词复数，interview的复数形式为interviews。
191．competition 192．wonderful 193．to 194．tried 195．better 196．but 197．why 198．seriously 199．to work 200．meaning
【导语】本文通过讲述莉莉在团队舞蹈选拔中因只关注个人技能而落选的故事，强调了团队合作的重要性，指出真正的团队舞蹈需要成员之间相互配合。
【解析】191．句意：有一场重要的团体舞蹈比赛。“group dance”与所给词“compete”搭配表示“舞蹈比赛”，需用名词形式。“compete”的名词为“competition”，意为“比赛”。
192．句意：莉莉因她精彩的舞蹈而在班里出名。“dances”为名词，前面需要用形容词修饰。“wonder”的形容词形式为“wonderful”，意为“精彩的，极好的”。
193．句意：她只是骄傲地专注于自己的舞蹈技巧。“pay attention to”为固定搭配，意为“注意，专注于”，其中“to”为介词，后接名词或代词作宾语，故填to。
194．句意：莉莉穿上她最漂亮的舞裙，尽了最大努力。该句描述的是过去发生的动作（选拔当天），“put on”和“tried”由“and”连接作并列谓语，故需用一般过去时，“try”的过去式为“tried”。
195．句意：她认为没有人比她更好。句中的“than”是比较级的标志词，“good”的比较级为“better”，构成nobody was better than her“没有人比她更好”。
196．句意：几天后，舞蹈队的最终名单出来了，但是莉莉没有在上面找到她的名字。前句“the final list came out”与后句“Lily didn’t find her name”之间为转折关系，故需用转折连词“but”。
197．句意：她问王老师为什么她的名字不在名单上。句中“asked”后接双宾语结构，“her teacher Ms Wang”为间接宾语，空格后“her name wasn’t on the list”为直接宾语从句。结合上文莉莉未入选，她是在询问原因，故用“why”引导宾语从句。
198．句意：王老师友善但严肃地回答了她。空格处修饰动词“answered”，需要用副词形式。“serious”的副词为“seriously”，意为“严肃地”，与“kindly”形成对比。
199．句意：我们需要所有舞者作为一个团队去合作。“need sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“需要某人做某事”，故动词“work”前需加“to”，构成动词不定式作宾语补足语。
200．句意：从那时起，莉莉明白了团队舞蹈的真正含义。空格前有形容词“true”，后有介词“of”，中间需要名词作宾语。“mean”的名词形式为“meaning”，意为“含义，意义”。
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