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2026中考初中英语宾语从句状语从句定语从句语法知识汇总
一、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。
（1）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
（2）宾语从句的时态
①需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？
②呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday.
③特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun.
（助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变）
（3）宾语从句的连接词
连接词 意义及例句
从属连词that 无实际意义，可以省略：He says （that） his father has gone abroad.
从属连词whether/if “是否”，不可省略：He asked me whether I would stay there for another two days.
连接代词 (what/which/who/whose/whom等) 在从句中作一定的成分（主语、宾语、定语等）：He asked me whose coat it was.
连接副词 (when/where/why/how) 在从句中作状语：She doesn’t know when she should go there.＝She doesn’t know when to go there.
【拓展】
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，用于该结构的疑问词有how， when， what， where， which等。如：I don’t know where to go. 我不知道要去哪里。
易错点：
易错点1：语序问题
错误： Could you tell me where does he live
正确： Could you tell me where he lives
口诀： 宾语从句用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），不要倒装，不要助动词
易错点2：时态呼应
主句过去 → 从句用相应的过去时态
主句一般现在/将来 → 从句根据实际情况用时态
特例必考： 客观真理、自然现象、名言警句 → 永远用一般现在时
易错点3：that省略与保留
必保留that的情况：动词后有两个或多个that从句时，第一个that可省，第二个不能省
He said (that) he was busy and that he would come later.
易错点4：if/whether混淆
句中有or not → 只用 whether 介词后（如 talk about）→ 只用 whether
动词不定式前（如 decide whether to go）→ 只用 whether
二、状语从句
在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般由从属连词引导，根据用途可以分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句和方式状语从句。
状语从句的分类 从句的引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when/while/as“当……时候” before“在……之前” after“在……之后” since“自……以来” until/till“直到……为止” as soon as“一…就……” When he receives the letter, he will tell us. 收到信时，他会告诉我们的。 You have been confident since I first met you. 自从我第一次见到你，你就一直很自信。 I didn’t believe I could do it until I got to the top. 直到爬到了山顶，我才相信自己能做到。
条件状语从句 if “如果” unless “除非” as long as “只要” Our eyesight will become poorer and poorer if we keep playing with phones. 如果我们一直玩手机，我们的视力就会变得越来越差。 He can’t see clearly unless he wears glasses. 他不戴眼镜就看不清。
原因状语从句 because “因为” since “既然” as “由于” I like listening to music because it makes me relaxed.我喜欢听音乐，因为它使我放松。 As you were out, I left a message. 因为你不在，所以我留了张纸条。
目的状语从句 so that“以便，为了” in order that“为了” They sped up in order that they could get there on time. 他们加速是为了能按时到达那里。
结果状语从句 so… that…“如此……以至于……” such… that…“如此……以至于……” It is such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 多么好的天气啊！我们大家都想去公园玩。 He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything.他气得一句话也说不出来了。
让步状语从句 though/although “尽管” even if/even though “即使” whatever“无论什么” whenever“无论何时” wherever“无论哪里” whether“不管……(还是)；无论” Even though it is dangerous, many people still try to climb the mountain. 尽管很危险，很多人还是试图爬上那座山。 Whenever you have problems, just let me know. I’ll always be there for you. 无论你什么时候有问题，都要让我知道，我随时恭候。 Wherever she goes, she always gets tons of attention. 她所到之处，总能得到很多人的关注。 I am going whether you like it or not. 不管你愿不愿意，我都要走了。
地点状语从句 where “哪里” wherever“在任何地方” Sit where I can see you. 坐到我能看见你的地方。
方式状语从句 as“照……方式” as if/though“好像” You may do as you wish outside working hours. 不在上班时间，你爱干什么就干什么。 It sounds as though you had a good time. 听起来你好像过得挺愉快。
易错点：
易错点1：when/while/as 分不清
when主句动作在从句动作之后发生
while主从句动作同时持续进行
as伴随动作，或“一边一边”
易错点2：until/till 与肯定/否定动词的搭配
not...until（直到...才）：主句动词是短暂性的
He didn't leave until his mother came back.
...until（一直到...）：主句动词是持续性的
He stayed until his mother came back.
易错点3：so...that / such...that 结构混淆
so + 形容词/副词 + that
such + 名词短语 + that
易错点4：时态问题 —— 主将从现（必考点！）
在 时间（when, as soon as）和 条件（if, unless）
状语从句中：
主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
错误： I will call you as soon as I will arrive.
正确： I will call you as soon as I arrive.
定语从句
在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句，定语从句在句子中相当于形容词。定语从句所修饰的名词、代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why等。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分。
(一)引导词的用法
引导词 先行词 充当成分 例句
who，that 人 主语、宾语、表语 Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是那个想见你的人吗？
whom 人 宾语 He is the man (whom) I talked to yesterday before the teaching building. 他就是我昨天在教学楼前与之交谈的人。
which，that 物 主语、宾语、表语 Is this the hotel (which/that) you checked in during the vacation 这是你假期期间入住的酒店吗？ Where is the book (that/which) I bought just now？我刚刚买的那本书在哪里？
whose 人、物 定语 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 爸爸是名医生的那个男孩学习非常刻苦。
when 时间 状语 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where 地点 状语 This is the training center where I learned to dance. 这就是我学习跳舞的培训中心。
why 原因 状语 We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
(二)定语从句只用that引导的情况
1. 先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。如：
Is there anything (that) you don’t understand 你有什么不懂的地方吗？
2. 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级或有the only, the very，the last，all，every，any，few，no等修饰时。如：
It is the last book that I want. 这是我最不想要的书。
This is the only way that I can think of. 这是我唯一可以想到的办法了。
3. 先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们正在谈论他们记得的学校里的人和事。
4. 关系代词出现在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，为避免重复用that。如：
Who is the boy that is playing football 正在踢足球的那个男孩是谁？
Which is the cinema that has the biggest screen？哪一个电影院有最大的屏幕？
注意：
下列情况只能用which，不能用that。
条件 例句
关系代词在介词之后，作介词的宾语时 This is the museum in which I took this photo. 这就是我拍这张照片的博物馆。
先行词本身就是that时 I don’t like that which he did. 我不喜欢他做的那件事。
引导非限制性定语从句时 He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中表现得非常出色，这使他的父母很开心。
三、定语从句 —— 最易错的是“关系词选择”和“介词位置”
易错点1：只用 that 的情况（必考记忆点）
先行词被 序数词、最高级、all/every/no/some/any/little/few/much 修饰
先行词是 anyone/those 时，先行词 既有人又有物不选which/who时，用that
易错点2：只用 which（非限制性定语从句）
非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）：指物时只能用which，不能用that
His new car, which cost a lot, is very nice.
易错点3：介词+关系代词（介词前置）
介词 + which（指物） / 介词 + whom（指人）
介词取决于先行词的习惯搭配或从句的动词搭配 比较：
The house in which he lives is big.（正式） The house which he lives in is big.（口语）
注意：介词前置时，关系代词不能用that，且不能省略
易错点4：as 引导的限制性定语从句
用在 such...as, the same...as 结构中
注意区别： the same...as（相似的事物） vs. the same...that（同一个事物）
This is the same pen as I lost.（和我丢的那支很像，但不是同一支）
This is the same pen that I lost.（就是我丢的那支）
易错点5：主谓一致问题
关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数和先行词一致：
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.（修饰students，复数）
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（修饰one，单数）

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