资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
初中语法之代词
考点
代词的分类及其意义、特征和句法功能
代词的性、数、格的变化
3.代词作主语时的主谓一致问题
4.在具体语境中考查代词的词义和一些常用易混淆代词的辨析
一、代词的概述
1、 代词的定义：用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。
2、 代词的分类
代词按其意义、特征以及句法功能，可分为：
（1）人称代词: I, you, he, she, it, we, they；
（2）物主代词: my, his, her, its, our, your, their; mine, his, hers, its , ours, yours, theirs;
（3）指示代词: this, that, these, those, such, (the)same, so;
（4）反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves;
（5）相互代词: each other, one another;
（6）疑问代词: who, whom, whose, what, which; whoever, whatever, whichever;
（7）关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, as, but, that; whoever, whichever;
（8）不定代词：some(someone, somebody, something)；any (anybody, anyone, a nything)；
all, another, few, little, many, much, one, other, everyone, both,
each,either, everything;
（9）连接代词：who, whom, which, what.
3.代词的性、数、格的变化
（1）代词中只有人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的单数第三人称有性的区别，如：she, he ; her, his; herself, himself
提示：另外，修辞上习惯把sun, war, ocean, sea等用he来代替；把moon, earth, motherland, peace, ship等用 she来代替；把baby, pet等用it来代替。
（2）各种代词都有单数和复数的区别。例如：each, every, another, the other, someone, everything等都是表示单数意义的代词；both, all, a few, many, several等都是表示复数意义的代词。
（3）代词有主格、宾格和所有格的变化：
人称代词有主格、所有格和宾格的变化。
相互代词和不定代词有所有格的变化：
1.人称代词
1人称代词表
人称代词 数 单 数 复 数
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
2人称代词用法
1）主格人称代词在句中做主语。例如：
I (We, You, They) like swimming. 我（我们，你 / 你们，他们）喜欢游泳。
2）人称代词顺序，次序一般是“你”、“他”、“我”，而不是“我”、“你”、“他”。例如：
You, she and I all enjoy music. 你、她和我都喜欢音乐。
3）“介宾”，“动宾”：宾格人称代词在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。如：
Mr. Dick teaches us (them) English. 迪克先生教我们（他们）英语。
4）人称代词it除可代表事物外，还可指动物、婴儿、时间、天气、距离等。例如：
It’s ten o’clock. 现在是10点钟。
It’s very cold. 天气非常冷。
It’s about two kilometers away. 大约有两公里远。
二、物主代词
1. 物主代词表
物主代词 数 单 数 复 数
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
2. 形容词性物主代词用作形容词，即用以修饰其后面的名词。例如：
My (Your, His, Their) books are on the desk. 我的（你的/你们的，他的，他们的）书在书桌上。
名词性物主代词所充当的成分接近于“名词所有格”，它后面不能再跟名词。它在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语。例如：
（1）Our room is on the first floor and yours (theirs) on the second floor.
我们的房间在一楼，你们的（他们的）在二楼。（主语）
（2）Whose bike is this 这是谁的自行车？
--- It’s mine (yours, his, hers). 是我的（你的，他的，她的）。（表语）
I have finished my homework. Have you finished yours 我做完作业了。你做完了你的作业吗？（宾语）
its与it’s比较
its Oxford is famous for its university.
it’s (= it is) I like Oxford. It’s a nice city. (= It is a nice city)
指示代词this/that/these/those
单 数 复 数
This 这个 These 这些
That 那个 Those 那些
1.用this is….介绍人：
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris. Pleased to meet you.
C: Hello.
2）打电话时用this is….与is that…. 结构：
Hello, this is David. （this为说话方）
Is that Sarah （that为另一方）
3）that指“已发生了某事”：
‘I’m sorry I forgot to phone you.’ ‘That’s all right.’（没关系）
That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
4）that也可指“某人刚说过的话的内容”：
‘You’re a teacher, aren’t you ’ ‘Yes, that’s right.’ （那是对的）
‘Martin has got a new job.’ ‘Has he I didn’t know that.’
that 和 those代替前面提到过的名词
The culture in Egypt is as old as that in China. 埃及的文化与中国的文化一样古老。
These cars are much cheaper than those on the mainland. 这些车比内地便宜多了。
四. 反身代词
1. 用于表示“自己”的代词，称为反身代词。
单数 myself yourself himself herself itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2. 做宾语（动词的宾语或介词的宾语），主语和宾语都是自己。例如：
Please introduce yourself first. 请你先自我介绍一下。
3. 用作同位语，加强语气，译为“本人”、“亲自”。例如：
You can go and ask the teacher himself. 你可以去问老师本人。
I myself did the work. 我亲自做的这件事。
4. 与反身代词相关的固定短语。
enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心
help oneself to….. 别客气，随便吃…
make yourself(yourselves) at home 不用客气，当这是家吧。
teach oneself 自学
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
by oneself = alone 独自
六、疑问代词
常见的疑问代词
单词 意思 单词 意思
when 什么时间 how 怎样
where 哪里 how many 多少
why 为什么 how much 多少钱
which 哪一个 how long 多长
whose 谁的 how tall 多高
what 什么 how old 多大
who 谁 how far 多远
what time 什么时间 how often 多久(一次)
用法：常见的疑问代词有 who，whom，whose，which，what 等，它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
who 和 whom
从理论上来说，who是主格，用作主语，whom 是宾格，用作宾语，但是在现代英语中，当用作宾语的 whom 用于句首时，也常可用 who 来代替。比如
Who [whom] did you see at the party 你在晚会上见到谁了？
what, which 和 who
从用法上看，which 和 what 可用作定语，修饰其后的名词，但 who 不能这样用，如：
Which [what] train did you come on 你是坐哪次火车来的？
Who is your favorite film star 你最喜欢的电影明星是谁？
拓展：
疑问代词+to do 不定式
what to do 去做什么 where to go 去哪里
which to choose 选择哪个 how to do 如何去做
七、不定代词
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句子中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
常见的不定代词及其合成词
不定代词 词义 复合形式 说明
some 一些（可数、不可数） something 某物，某事 someone 某人 somebody 某人 一般用于肯定句
any 一些，任何（可数、不可数） anything 任何事物 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中
no 没有，无 nothing 无物 nobody 无人 no one 无一人 修饰可数或不可数名词，复合形式只具有名词的作用
every 每个，所有的 everything 每一个事物，一切 everyone 没人 everybody 人人 强调共性，词义和 all 相近
几组不定代词用法区别：
some与 any 的用法
① some 用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时，意为“某个”。如：
I have some questions about the assignment. Would you mind buying me some sweets
② any 用于否定句和疑问句时，表示“一些”。用于肯定句时，只和单数名词或不可数名词连用，表示“任何”，如：
The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at any chemist’s.
2) each与every的用法
① each强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如∶
There are trees and flowers on each side of the road.
② every强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，只能作定语，不能说every of them，要说every one of them.如∶
Every student in our class works hard.
3）no one 与 none 的用法
① no one 意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如∶ —Who is in the classroom ——No one.
② none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与of连用，通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”，回答how much和how many 引导的问句。如∶They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.
4） many与much的用法区别
两者都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替可数名词（复数）；而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词（单数）。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中：
Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗？
We don't have much time.我们没有许多时间。
5）few，a few 与little，a little的用法区别
①few和a few后接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调"少"，含有否定意义；a few表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义∶
It is very difficult，and few people understand it. 它很难，没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult， but a few people understand it. 它虽难，但是有些人懂。
②little和a little之后接不可数名词，其区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似∶
Unfortunately，I had little money on me.很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately，I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱。
6）all, both 与either，neither的用法区别
① all 表示三者或三者以上都
② both 表示两者都
③ either 常和 or 搭配，表示两者之一
④ neither 常和 nor 搭配，表示两者都不
7）other, another, others, any other, the other 的用法
① other表示泛指，意为“另外的、其他的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the, this,
some, any. each, every, no. one以及形容词性物主代词时, 其后就可接单数名词.如：
I have no other place to go.
② another常用于指 “三者或三者以上中的另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还。如：
This dress is too small for me. Show me another ( one).
We need another three assistants in our shop.
③ others: 它是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为 “别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词。 前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如∶
He has more concern for others than for himself.
④ any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。如∶
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
⑤ the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如∶
No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.
it, one和 that
① it可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中“the+名词”或“物主代词＋名词”中的名词，表示同一件事物，但it代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是they或them.如∶
The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
② one所表示的名词（可指人或物）和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个，不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是ones.如∶
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
③ that 指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物，但that代替的是有定冠词的名词，表特指，它还可以代替不可数名词。用that来代替前面已出现的可数名词（that 相当于the one）或不可数名词时，后面一定要跟修饰语，且that只能指物。如∶
No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.
总之，我们在使用不定代词时，一要注意指代的范围；二要注意是表示肯定还是否定；三要注意词性（它们还可用作形容词）。
总结：one指代同一类事物中的一个，it指代同一个事物。
I don’t like the red coat, so I want to buy a new one. （同类当中的一个，而非就是那个）
I don’t’ like the red coat, I will give it to my sister, because she likes it. （就是那件红色的）
一、请默写代词表。
人称代词 数 单 数 复 数
中文 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
主格
宾语
物主代 词 数 单 数 复 数
形容词性
名词性
反身代词
二、根据提示填空。（指示代词）
1. I like ____________ pants. ____________ pants are red.（这些）
2. I don’t like ____________ shoes. ____________ shoes are too small.（那些）
3. I want __________（这个） sweater. I don’t want__________（那个）sweater. __________ （那个）is too big.
4. ____________（这…）book is mine. ____________（那…）books are yours.
5. ____________（那…）is my classroom. Yours is ____________（这…）one.
三、用I / me / he / him等宾格完成句子。
例：Who is that woman Why are you looking at her
1. ‘Do you know that man ’ ‘Yes, I work with _______________ ’
2. Where are the tickets I can’t find _______________.
3. I can’t find my keys. Where are _______________
4. We’re going out. You can come with _______________.
5. Margaret likes music. _______________ plays the piano.
6. I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid of _______________.
7. I’m talking to you. Please listen to _______________.
8. Where is Ann I want to talk to _______________.
9. My brother has a new job. ______________ doesn’t like ____________ very much.
四、用mine / yours等完成句子。（名词性物主代词）
例：It’s your money. It’s yours.
1. It’s my bag. It’s ______________.
2. It’s our car. It’s ______________.
3. They’re her shoes. They’re ______________.
4. It’s their house. It’s ______________.
5. They’re your books. They’re ____________.
6. They’re my glasses. They’re ____________.
7. It’s his coat. It’s ______________.
五、从画线部分圈出正确的词语。
1. It’s their / theirs problem, not our / ours.
2. This is a nice camera. Is it your / yours.
3. That’s not my / mine umbrella. My / Mine is black.
4. Whose books are these Your / Yours or my / mine
5. Catherine is going out with her / hers friends this evening.
6. My / Mine room is bigger than her / hers
7. They’ve got two children but I don’t know their / theirs names.
8. Can we use your washing machine Our / Ours is broken.
六、用物主代词my / our / your / his / her / their / its等填空。
例：Do you like your job
1. I know Mr. Watson but I don’t know ___________ wife.
2. Mr. and Mrs. Baker live in London. ___________ son lives in Australia.
3. We’re going to have a party. We’re going to invite all ___________ friends.
4. Ann is going out with ___________ friends this evening.
5. I like tennis. It’s ___________ favourite sport.
6. ‘Is that ___________ car ’ ‘No, I haven’t got a car.’
7. I want to phone Ann. Do you know ___________ phone number
8. Do you think most people are happy in ___________ jobs
9. I’m going to wash ___________ hair before I go out.
10. This is a beautiful tree. ___________ leaves are a beautiful colour.
11. John has a brother and a sister. ___________ brother is 25 and ___________ sister is 21.
七、请从下列四个选项中选择最合适的答案。
( )1. It’s ____ problem, not _____.
A. their, our B. theirs, our C. their, ours D. theirs, ours
( )2. This is a nice camera. Is it ______
A.your B. ours C. yours D. mine
( )3. That’s not _____ umbrella. ______ is black.
A.my, My B.mine, My C. mine, My D. my, Mine
( )4. Whose books are these ______ or _______
A.Your, my B.Your, mine C. Yours, my D. Yours, mine
( )5. Catherine is going out with _______friends this evening.
A.her B.hers C. she D. his
( )6. ______ room is bigger than _______.
A.My, her B.Mine, her C. My, hers D. Mine, hers
( )7. ______ have got two children but I don’t know ______ names.
A.They, their B.They, theirs C.Their,theirs D.Their,their
( )8. Can we use ______ washing machine ______is broken.
A.my, Ours B.my,Our C.your,Ours D.your,Our
( )9. Where’s ______ Have you seen ______
A.she, her B.her, her C.she,she D.her,she
( )10. Where are______ keys Where did I put _______
A.my, it B.my, them C.your,them D.your,it
( )11. This letter is for _______. Can you give it to _______
A.me, her B.me,I C.her, she D.me,me
( )12. _______ wrote to John but _______ didn’t answer _______letter.
A.She,he,its B.He,he,him C.She,she,her D.She, he, her
( )13. ‘_______ can’t find _______ pen. Can I use _______ ’ ‘Yes, of course.’
A.I,my,your B.I,my,yours C.You,your,mine D.I, your, mine
( )14. _______are going to the cinema. Why don’t you come with _______
A.We,us B.We,we C.They,us D.They, they
( )15. Did _______ sister pass _______ exams
A.her,her B.she,her C.her,hers D.she, hers
八、用人称代词或物主代词填空。
1. Where are my keys Where did I put ______________
2. I’d like to go for a walk. ________ too.
3. This letter is for Bill. Can you give it to ______________
4. We wrote to John but he didn’t answer ______________ letter.
5. ‘I can’t find my pen. Can I use ______________ ’ ‘Yes, of course.’
6. We’re going to the cinema. Why don’t you come with ______________
7. Did your sister pass ______________ exams
8. Some people talk about ______________ jobs all the time.
9. She showed him some pictures of Australia. ___________ were beautiful.
10. How is Mr. Davis __________ is fine, thanks.
11. Look at ____________. She is very well.
12. Is this ____________ shirt No, it’s not my shirt.
13. Paul is here, too. That is ____________ coat.
14. What colour is Alice’s skirt ____________ skirt is yellow.
15. What are ___________ jobs They are taxi-drivers.
16. Put on ____________ hat! I am going to put it on.
参考答案
一、请默写代词表。
人称代词 数 单 数 复 数
中文 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
主格 I you he she it we you they
宾语 me you him her it us you them
物主代 词 数 单 数 复 数
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
二、指示代词
1. these；these 2. those；those 3. this；that；that
4. this；those 5. that；this
三、宾格填空
1. him 2. them 3. they 4. us 5. she 6. them
7. me 8. her 9. he；it
四、名词性物主代词
1.mine 2. ours 3.hers 4.theirs 5.yours 6.mine 7.his
五、选词
1.their；ours 2.yours 3.my；Mine 4.Yours；mine
5.her 6.My；hers 7.their 8.Ours
六、形容词性物主代词
1.his 2.Their 3.our 4.her 5.my 6.your
7.her 8.their 9.my 10.Its 11.his；his
七、单项选择
1-5: CCDDA
6-10: CACAB
11-15:ADBAA
八、人称 / 物主代词
1. them 2. Me 3.him 4.our 5.yours 6.us
7. her 8.their 9.They 10.He 11.her 12.your
13.his 14.Her 15.their 16.your

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