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/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末复习考点培优沪教版（新教材）
专题09 语法选择
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
It is said that Chinese people are the most friendly in the world. When foreign people visit a Chinese family, the host will shake hands with them. As guests, the foreign people will be surprised at the warmth that they 1 . When you visit a Chinese family, the host often makes tea for you and you 2 some biscuits or candies from them. They will also chat with you 3 you feel comfortable.
At the same time, they will be busy preparing a meal 4 you. Chinese people often offer their guests a big meal. They always prepare 5 food than
the guests can eat. At the table, the guests 6 be the first to eat. One of the most surprising things is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for the guests. The Chinese family tries to make you feel at home. 7 you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have more.” You tell them you are 8 , but they will still put more food in your bowl.
Being warm is 9 important part of Chinese culture. Confucius said two thousand years ago,” 10 happy we are to meet friends from afar!” Ha ha, I think you should remember it. After all, the Chinese nation has been a state of ceremonies (礼仪) since ancient times.
1．A．receive B．received C．will receive D．have received
2．A．got B．getting C．get D．will get
3．A．make B．to make C．making D．made
4．A．with B．to C．at D．for
5．A．much B．more C．most D．the most
6．A．should B．may C．need D．can
7．A．When B．Until C．Unless D．Though
8．A．hungry B．full C．tired D．thirsty
9．A．a B．an C．the D．/
10．A．What B．How C．What a D．What an
In 2025, China celebrated the 50th anniversary (周年纪念日) of its first exact measurement of Mount Qomolangma.
11 May 27, 1975, a Chinese team of nine climbers reached the top of Mount Qomolangma from the north side. They stayed on the top for 70 minutes and 12 measured the mountain’s height. However, measuring its height is not easy. The temperature there is usually -29℃, four degrees 13 than that in Antarctica. The snow there is 4-5 metres thick and strong winds blow all day long. They collected 14 on the top of the mountain. After that, scientists studied the numbers and 15 out the height of the mountain.
16 with the difficult conditions, team members started training in January. They had to sleep in their tents to keep 17 warm. To save fresh water, climbers seldom took a shower or washed their faces. As for food, they had three dishes and soup for each meal. It was easy to keep meat fresh at such 18 low temperature. 19 there were also some other difficulties that we cannot think of, the mountain was still worth measuring. An exact measurement 20 help to study the plate (板块) movement so that scientists can warn people of the coming disasters.
11．A．On B．In C．At
12．A．successful B．succeed C．successfully
13．A．low B．lower C．lowest
14．A．number B．number’s C．numbers
15．A．work B．worked C．are working
16．A．To deal B．Dealing C．Deal
17．A．they B．them C．themselves
18．A．a B．the C．an
19．A．So B．Although C．Because
20．A．can B．must C．need
In my spare time, I enjoy doing voluntary work at Sunshine Community Center. Last year, I decided to join a program that helps elderly people living alone, and I became 21 volunteer for the first time.
Every Saturday morning, I would visit Mr. Zhang, an 80-year-old man who lost 22 left leg in an accident. He had difficulty 23 around, so I helped him with shopping and cleaning. I often 24 hours with him, listening to his stories about the past.
At first, Mr. Zhang was always 25 . He told me that he could not enjoy life because all his old friends had passed away 26 . I tried my best to cheer him up. Sometimes I would bring him homemade food 27 he would smile with joy.
One day, I had an idea. I invited Mr. Zhang to an art exhibition, which 28 by the local museum. He used to be a painter, and the paintings brought him back to his younger days. After that day, he was much happier. He even offered 29 other elderly people how to paint.
Through this experience, I learned that voluntary work not only helps those 30 need but also enriches my own life.
21．A．a B．an C．the D．/
22．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
23．A．move B．to move C．moving D．moved
24．A．took B．cost C．paid D．spent
25．A．happy B．unhappy C．happily D．happiness
26．A．recent B．recently C．unrecent D．recentness
27．A．and B．but C．or D．so
28．A．organizing B．to organize C．organized D．was organized
29．A．to teach B．taught C．teaching D．teach
30．A．on B．at C．in D．for
Most people think science is difficult. But do you believe hundreds of people can be attracted by a science magazine cover Wang Yixi and his team 31 it. Their design became the cover of Structure, a famous science magazine.
The cover is a Chinese ink painting. It shows a farmer leading an ox 32 a bridge, with a boy carrying a bamboo basket. In the river, there are jellyfish and lotus flowers. Scientific structures are also mixed into the painting. It shows how a special enzyme (酶) works— 33 outstanding new success by Chinese scientists.
When Wang studied chemistry at university, he found many scientific ideas were hard to understand. He wanted to help people understand them 34 . So he took up drawing 35 a hobby. He tried to make difficult scientific facts become much 36 with beautiful pictures. He really enjoyed 37 while creating.
As time went by, Wang decided 38 a company. Over four years, he and his team created more than 10,000 39 for different research papers. With more Chinese science papers, scientists want to add traditional ideas, like tai chi, peonies and the Monkey King. Wang says it gives him a sense of 40 to show top science and beautiful Chinese art, making science easy and fun for everyone.
31．A．make B．made C．makes
32．A．in B．through C．across
33．A．an B．a C．the
34．A．clear B．clearly C．clearness
35．A．as B．with C．of
36．A．simple B．simpler C．simplest
37．A．him B．his C．himself
38．A．to start B．start C．starting
39．A．work B．works C．work’s
40．A．achieve B．achieved C．achievement
Many wild animals are in danger now. It is important 41 us to protect them. Asian elephants are one of the largest land animals in Asia. They 42 in forests and grasslands of Southeast Asia. Unlike African elephants, Asian elephants have smaller ears and only some males have tusks.
People often 43 down forests for farming and building, so elephants 44 their homes. Some hunters kill them for ivory. As a result, the number of Asian elephants 45 smaller and smaller now.
We 46 take action to save them. First, we should make laws to stop hunting. Second, we 47 build more nature reserves for them to live in. Third, we ought to tell our friends and family about the importance of animal protection.
A baby elephant is not old enough 48 food alone. It needs its mother’s care for a long time. If we don’t protect elephants, they 49 die out in the future.
Animals are our friends. They play an important role in keeping the balance of nature. 50 is kind of us to help homeless animals. Let’s live in harmony with them.
41．A．for B．of C．to D．with
42．A．live B．lives C．lived D．living
43．A．cut B．cuts C．are cutting D．will cut
44．A．lose B．lost C．are losing D．will lose
45．A．become B．becomes C．became D．is becoming
46．A．must B．can C．may D．might
47．A．should B．would C．could D．might
48．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found
49．A．will B．would C．may D．might
50．A．This B．That C．It D．One
Peter is a violinist and music teacher in a village. 51 man is sharing his love of music with the children in his hometown by doing something special.
The price 52 instruments is rising, so it is hard for many families to buy a violin. Peter thinks that the only way of getting instruments is to make them himself. He tries many 53 to make the violins. Finally, he decides to make them with wood.
In his home workshop, Peter can 54 a violin for about 20 pounds. Buying a real violin costs much more—about 150 pounds. In his hometown, people there 55 very poor. It seems to be impossible for them to spend so much money buying a violin.
Peter’s violins 56 “bottle” violins. They don’t look like the real thing, but they sound just like the real thing. Peter gives free lessons to young children. He teaches them 57 the violin. He waits for the children in the park on Sundays. To his joy, 58 children walk miles in order to take lessons with him.
Peter makes these special violins in hope of sharing 59 love of music with more children, even though he himself is poor. Showing his new violin invention, Peter says online, “I believe that 60 can stop you from showing love for music when you love it.”
51．A．The B．A C．An D．/
52．A．with B．of C．in D．to
53．A．way B．way’s C．ways’ D．ways
54．A．to make B．making C．make D．made
55．A．are B．be C．is D．was
56．A．called B．call C．is called D．are called
57．A．play B．to play C．gather D．to gather
58．A．few B．little C．many D．much
59．A．his B．he C．him D．himself
60．A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything
People of different ages are fond of watching cartoons. Do you know how to make 61 cartoon correctly
In the first stage, you need to decide on some basic ideas for a story. And then you should think about the characters you want and what they will look like. At the same time, make a rough sketch of the story. In the next stage, use a computer 62 detailed pictures and add colour. Each picture should be made a little different from the one before it to make the characters and things appear to move. Next, a computer program is used to put the pictures together as a film. Lastly, record the characters’ voices and sound effects. After 63 has been checked, the cartoon is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy.
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera both thought of the idea of a cat and a mouse. They thought it would be funny if the mouse was clever and always got the cat into trouble. The first Tom and Jerry cartoon 64 in cinemas in 1940. It was a great success. Tom and Jerry became two of the most popular 65 in the world. Hanna and Barbera spent more than 17 years 66 114 Tom and Jerry cartoons. Almost every cartoon ends with Tom 67 trouble and Jerry laughing at him. 68 funny the stories are! The cartoons were 69 good that they won a number of awards. Nowadays, the famous cat and mouse remain as 70 as before.
61．A．a B．an C．the D．/
62．A．drawing B．drew C．to draw D．draw
63．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
64．A．is shown B．was shown C．shows D．showed
65．A．character B．characters C．a character D．the characters
66．A．making B．to make C．make D．made
67．A．for B．at C．from D．in
68．A．How a B．What a C．What D．How
69．A．such B．so C．very D．much
70．A．more popular B．the most popular C．popular D．popularly
Calligraphy is a beloved (深受喜爱的) traditional hobby in China. Last summer, I started learning calligraphy with my dad, who’s practised it for over 10 years. It was a 71 journey—every weekend, we’d sit by the window, ink and brushes laid out, and spend hours on soft rice paper.
First, dad taught me 72 the brush correctly. I spent weeks practising, and finally 73 keep my hands from shaking. We also focused on 74 basic strokes—horizontal (水平的) lines straight as bamboo, vertical (垂直的) lines firm as pine trees. At first, my works were messy, but dad praised my progress 75 and encouraged me to keep going.
Then we tried simple characters like “fu (福, good luck) ” and “chun (春, spring) ”. I learned to control ink flow: heavy pressure for thick strokes, light touches for thin ones. When I finished a neat “fu”, dad taped (粘贴) it to the fridge— 76 made me very proud. Dad told me calligraphy has a long history 77 over 3, 000 years. In ancient times, it was a sign of education; now it’s still popular, with many people joining clubs to calm their minds.
Last month, I joined a school competition and wrote a Tang poem line. The judge (评委) said my strokes were smooth, and I felt truly happy. Calligraphy lets me spend quality time with dad and feel the beauty of Chinese culture. I hope to keep practising, so one day I can write nice 78 as gifts for grandparents.
My mum often takes photos of my calligraphy works and shares them with relatives. Everyone says I’ve made great progress, and that inspires me 79 more. Calligraphy isn’t just a hobby—it’s a way to connect with our traditions and create sweet 80 with my family.
71．A．joke B．joyful C．lonely
72．A．hold B．holding C．to hold
73．A．could B．should C．must
74．A．draw B．to draw C．drawing
75．A．easily B．warmly C．angrily
76．A．he B．they C．it
77．A．of B．in C．at
78．A．work B．works C．working
79．A．practised B．practicing C．to practise
80．A．memories B．memory C．hobbies
根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。
I have been learning English since I was 10 years old. I think it was difficult for me. My teacher asked us to copy new words 10 times. It was really 81 bad dream for me. I didn’t like 82 new words and grammar rules. Gradually (逐渐地), learning English became something I disliked. When I was 16 years old, my parents 83 me an iPad. From then on, it became 84 best helper. I could learn English 85 I wanted—on my way home or on the subway. I didn’t fall in love with the language 86 I learnt a lot of interesting words and expressions (短语；表达) in it.
At first, I thought the only reason why people learned English was that they wanted to communicate with each other. I didn’t realize the language 87 was the best way to create a strong connection between me and the knowledge of the world. After that, I paid more attention to the language.
Then, I can see a huge improvement (提高；改善) in my English skills. The more carefully I study English, the 88 I will be.
Thanks to English, I know much more about the world 89 me now. I know there is a long way to go before I can be an excellent English learner, and I will work hard 90 my English.
81．A．a B．an C．the
82．A．memorize B．memorizes C．memorizing
83．A．buys B．bought C．buy
84．A．me B．mine C．my
85．A．whatever B．wherever C．whichever
86．A．after B．if C．until
87．A．itself B．myself C．themselves
88．A．good B．better C．best
89．A．with B．around C．for
90．A．improving B．to improve C．improve
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Snowy days are common in Xi’an in winter. People here 91 experience snowy days in every winter. However, deserts are dry and hot places in many people’s eyes. Do you want 92 an answer to this question—does it ever snow in the desert
People call 93 place a desert because it is very dry. There are lots of deserts in the world. Many people think deserts must be hot as well as dry. But they are only half right. Deserts are always dry, but not all of 94 are always hot.
In hot 95 of the world, deserts are hot all year round. Even these hot deserts cool down 96 at night. In cooler parts of the world, deserts are cold at night and 97 winter. Many frozen places in the world 98 also deserts. For example, the ice cap of Greenland is an ice desert.
All deserts, whether hot or cold, get some rain. It may last for only 99 minutes or come only once a year. Sometimes this rain falls on a cold desert on cold days. If that happens, cold air 100 the rain into snow. In fact, cold deserts high in the mountains sometimes get snowstorms. So, yes, it snows in the desert.
91．A．should B．can C．need D．might
92．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found
93．A．a B．an C．the D．/
94．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs
95．A．part B．part’s C．parts D．parts’
96．A．quiet B．quietly C．slow D．slowly
97．A．on B．in C．at D．for
98．A．am B．is C．are D．be
99．A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
100．A．turns B．turned C．will turn D．is turning
Su Shi was a very famous poet. People also called him Dongpo. He loved writing poems and wanted to serve 101 country. He also truly loved life.
When he was sent to Huangzhou, he didn’t feel sad. Every morning, he got up early 102 on the farm and planted vegetables by himself.
In Huangzhou, many families raised some 103 , so pork (猪肉) was common. But rich people didn’t like it, and poor people 104 how to cook it well.
One day, a guest came to his home. Su Shi decided to cook pork for 105 guest. He boiled the pork first, then 106 it slowly with yellow wine and spices (黄酒和香料). After that, he went to play chess 107 the guest. He was so engrossed* in the game 108 he forgot about the pork.
When he remembered, he thought the pork was burnt. But when he checked, the pork looked red and smelled great. It 109 soft and very delicious.
After that, Su Shi often cooked the pork like this. People loved it, and it became a 110 dish called “Dongpo Pork”.
*The word “engrossed” means sth. interests you so much that you do not notice anything else.
101．A．he B．him C．his D．himself
102．A．sleep B．to sleep C．work D．to work
103．A．pigs B．pig C．horses D．horse
104．A．not knew B．not know C．didn’t know D．don’t know
105．A．a B．the C．an D．/
106．A．is cooking B．will cook C．cooks D．cooked
107．A．with B．to C．at D．on
108．A．while B．or C．that D．unless
109．A．were B．was C．are D．be
110．A．busy B．busily C．famous D．famously
So far, some old Chinese inventions 111 wide popularity around the world. Recently, a British woman used an ancient Chinese invention to help her son deal with a math problem.
Dr. Mantri grew up in India. She was taught 112 to use an abacus (算盘) to solve math problems when she was young. After noticing that her son Dhruv had difficulty with math, she started using it 113 him.
“Dhruv was in Grade 5 when I noticed he was weak in math.” said Dr. Mantri. “I would ask him something very easy like ‘35-13= ’ but he couldn’t work 114 out.”
“The Chinese abacus is a useful method to help kids better understand numbers and basic calculations (计算) . Very soon, I saw the results. After six days, Dhruv started to make progress rapidly 115 the help of the abacus. He even 116 with the abacus at a school meeting where some parents came to ask for advice on using it to help their kids.”
Known as 117 great of ancient China, the Chinese abacus 118 as the earliest computer as well. It helped people solve many math problems in ancient China. As long as you remember the numbers, you 119 easily use it. Sometimes, just move one bead (算珠) , then another bead, and you will get the answer. 120 magical!
In a word, the Chinese abacus has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage of human beings (人类非物质文化遗产) for 10 years since 2013.
111．A．win B．won C．have won
112．A．what B．how C．where
113．A．help B．helping C．to help
114．A．it B．its C．it’s
115．A．with B．for C．by
116．A．perform B．performs C．performed
117．A．fifth B．the fifth C．five
118．A．knows B．knew C．is known
119．A．should B．can C．must
120．A．How B．What C．What a
From Shells to Paper
Today, we pay for things with a tap of a phone, but money has a long history. Thousands of years ago, people didn’t use coins. They bartered (以物易物). A farmer might trade his chickens for a pair of shoes. However, this system was inconvenient. Imagine carrying a bag of rice just 121 a haircut!
Later, people started using objects like cowrie shells as money. Shells were light, beautiful, and hard to find. They were the earliest form of currency in China. As trade grew, metal coins appeared. Copper coins with a square hole in the middle 122 widely in ancient China. They were easy to carry on a string.
The biggest change happened during the Song Dynasty. Merchants found that carrying heavy metal coins was troublesome for big business. So, the world’s first paper money, 123 was called Jiaozi, appeared in Sichuan. This invention made trade much faster. By the time Marco Polo visited China, paper money had become a common sight. He was 124 by this “magic paper”.
Money keeps changing its form. In the past, money was made of gold or silver. Its value was real. Today, money 125 mostly numbers in a bank account. 126 the form changes, the function remains the same. Money is a medium of exchange. It allows us to get 127 we need without trading chickens for shoes.
Understanding the history of money helps us understand human progress. It shows 128 smart our ancestors were. The next time you hold a banknote, look at the patterns 129 on it. It tells a story of trust and value 130 lasted for centuries.
121．A．to get B．got C．getting
122．A．used B．were used C．had used
123．A．which B．that C．what
124．A．to amaze B．amazing C．amazed
125．A．is B．was C．has been
126．A．Although B．Because C．When
127．A．that B．which C．what
128．A．how B．what C．that
129．A．print B．printed C．printing
130．A．that B．who C．where
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处选择一个适当的选项。
Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that humans would have to move into space one day to live. “Once we spread out into space and set up independent colonies (定居点), 131 future should be safe,” he said.
Many countries are planning to send astronauts back to the Moon. Some of these countries would like 132 space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations 133 humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.
Robert Zubrin, 134 rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize (殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars 135 he believes a human mission that there will allow us to learn a lot of things, for example, the ability of humans to live 136 a very different environment. At last, we could create new human societies on other planets.
However, not everyone thinks 137 humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it is too expensive. And too much time will also 138 by most space trips. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People on such long journeys could face many health problems. In addition, the first few people would find life 139 difficult in space. On the Moon’s surface, for example, the sun’s rays are very 140 . People would have to stay indoors most of the time.
Although there are many concerns, it seems certain to send people into space. In the future, we might see lunar cities or even new human cultures on other planets.
131．A．we B．us C．our D．ours
132．A．creates B．to create C．creating D．to creating
133．A．prepares B．prepared C．have prepared D．will prepare
134．A．a B．an C．the D．/
135．A．if B．when C．as D．after
136．A．in B．on C．at D．from
137．A．sends B．sent C．sending D．to send
138．A．take B．took C．is taken D．be taken
139．A．serious B．seriousness C．seriously D．more serious
140．A．dangerous B．more dangerous C．most dangerous D．the most dangerous
Mr. Evans lived in a city. He 141 a math teacher three years ago. He taught well and his students liked him, so he decided to work in the middle school all his life. 142 a terrible accident changed his life.
One day, he took the whole class to visit a famous place of interest. The children saw a lot of 143 things and had a good time there. But on their way to school, their bus 144 by a truck because the young driver was drunk. Five students died and more than half the children were injured in 145 accident. He didn’t know how it had happened and was very sad about it.
146 he came out of hospital, he left the school and became a policeman. He tried his best to stop the drivers from 147 the traffic rules and regulations. He worked hard and was strict 148 the drivers so that they were afraid of 149 . He really hoped that all the people could obey the rules and respect life seriously.
To him, every driver who chose to follow the rules, every child who crossed the road safely, was a small victory—one that honored the memory of the students he’d lost, and made the world a little 150 , one day at a time. That is good enough for safety.
141．A．was B．is C．were D．are
142．A．So B．Before C．Since D．But
143．A．interesting B．interested C．interest D．interests
144．A．hit B．hits C．was hitting D．was hit
145．A．a B．an C．the D．/
146．A．Before B．After C．Since D．Until
147．A．break B．breaking C．broken D．broke
148．A．for B．to C．with D．about
149．A．his B．he C．him D．himself
150．A．safely B．safe C．safer D．safest
One day, our teacher said our school science competition began. We could join it either alone or with 151 group. I chose to take part in it with my friends. Our team had three members: quiet Mark, who loved building models, talented Lisa, who always had 152 creative ideas than others. 153 we looked strong, trust between us was weak. Lisa often disagreed with Mark, while Mark thought Lisa’s 154 were unrealistic (不现实的). Our task was to create an eco-friendly city model together. At first, things went wrong. Both Lisa and Mark designed models. Mark was not glad to give up 155 model and neither was Lisa. I realized if we wanted to make it, we had to fix this problem. The next day, I asked everyone 156 again. “Let’s not just depend on one person’s skills,” I said. “We need to work together.” Slowly, we learned to cooperate.
On the final day, our hands were shaking when we 157 the prize—“Green Future City”. As the judges said our team was one of the winners and that we 158 enter a national competition, happy tears appeared in our eyes.
Now I understand that great things happen when we work 159 a team. The real victory wasn’t simply getting the prize. The friendship 160 along the way.
151．A．a B．the C．/
152．A．many B．more C．most
153．A．Though B．If C．Because
154．A．idea B．ideas C．ideas’
155．A．he B．him C．his
156．A．tries B．trying C．to try
157．A．get B．got C．are got
158．A．could B．need C．should
159．A．of B．for C．as
160．A．built B．was building C．was built
China has a rich food culture. There are some interesting stories behind Chinese food, as well as the tools we use to eat.
Hotpot
Hotpot has been popular among Chinese people for a long time. As 161 as the Shang Dynasty, people cooked food in bronze cauldrons (青铜鼎). The cauldron had two parts—one was a pot to cook food in the soup, and 162 part was a space inside the cauldron to hold fire.
Yuan Mei was one of the most famous 163 in China. He was also a food lover in the Qing Dynasty. He 164 the hotpot “huoguo”. At that time, hotpots were very popular. People put meat and vegetables 165 the hotpot. They also used different things 166 pots.
Dongpo pork
There is 167 famous Chinese dish called “Dongpo pork”. Does it have anything to do with the great poet Su Dongpo
Yes. Su Dongpo was a poet who lived during the Song Dynasty. He was 168 person to make this dish. Although he was a local official in Hubei, he fell in love with cooking pork and he could cook better than any other person.
Chopsticks
For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food. They come with their own special rules and traditions. For example, it’s 169 to make noise with chopsticks.
There are also some beliefs about using chopsticks. For example, Chinese people believe that we shouldn’t put the chopsticks upright in a bowl. It looks like the incense (香) that they use to respect the dead people. 170 someone does it at the dinner table, others believe it will bring bad luck.
161．A．early B．earlier C．the earliest
162．A．other B．the other C．another
163．A．poet B．poet’s C．poets
164．A．name B．names C．named
165．A．into B．at C．on
166．A．make B．to make C．making
167．A．a B．an C．the
168．A．one B．first C．the first
169．A．politely B．polite C．impolite
170．A．If B．Although C．Unless
Learning English is not easy, but we can make it better with good habits. First, we should listen 171 in class and take clear notes. This helps us 172 what the teacher says. Second, we should review our notes 173 class. Reviewing helps us remember the knowledge better. Third, we should practice 174 English every day. We can talk with our classmates or read English stories. Fourth, we should 175 what we learn with our daily life. This makes learning more interesting. Finally, we should not be afraid of 176 mistakes. Mistakes are our teachers—we can learn 177 them.
If we follow these 178 , we will become better learners. Remember: 179 takes time, but small steps can lead to big progress. Keep 180 , and you will succeed!
171．A．carelessly B．carefully C．slowly
172．A．forget B．remember C．miss
173．A．before B．after C．in
174．A．speak B．to speak C．speaking
175．A．connect B．compare C．compete
176．A．make B．making C．to make
177．A．from B．with C．to
178．A．skills B．advice C．steps
179．A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning
180．A．try B．to try C．trying
Technology has changed the way we live and learn. Smartphones 181 our daily lives since they appeared. The first smartphone, invented in 1992, was much 182 than today’s phones. Nowadays, 183 people around the world use smartphones to communicate and learn. Students can use educational apps 184 their English skills anytime and anywhere.
Currently, scientists are working on new 185 that will change our future. Some are developing electric cars that can drive by 186 , which could make roads safer. 187 are worried about environmental protection and finding clean energy solutions. Solar panels, set in many homes now, help reduce (减少) electricity 188 and protect the environment.
However, technology also brings challenges. We must be careful with our personal information online 189 hackers (黑客) won’t steal it. Therefore, everyone needs to learn how 190 safe while using the Internet. With proper knowledge, we can enjoy the benefits of technology while avoiding its risks.
181．A．have changed B．changed C．were changing
182．A．large B．largest C．larger
183．A．billions of B．billions C．billion
184．A．improve B．to improve C．improving
185．A．invent B．inventions C．invention
186．A．them B．themselves C．they
187．A．Other B．The other C．Others
188．A．payment B．budget C．costs
189．A．because B．so that C．even if
190．A．stay B．staying C．to stay
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Disney products make people’s childhood lively and colourful. Millions of people have seen Disney films and TV programmes. They have made friends with all the main Disney characters: Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Snow White, and Peter Pan. Millions more have visited Disney Parks. It is not 191 that it has been a dream factory.
Walt Disney was born in Chicago. He grew up 192 a farm in Missouri after his family moved there. At the age of 16, Disney 193 to study art in Chicago. Four years later, he joined 194 famous advertisement (广告) company. He helped make cartoon advertisements.
But then he left for Hollywood 195 he decided to make cartoons there. In these cartoons, he made the pictures 196 in a lively way. Disney wanted to bring 197 pictures to life.
Mickey Mouse 198 with a group of circles. People first saw Mickey Mouse in a film called Steamboat Willie. The film was produced in 1928 199 it was a huge success. Mickey Mouse appeared in hundreds of cartoons during the following years. It became famous all over the world.
Walt Disney left us in 1966. But his cartoons 200 still alive now. They are still popular with many people all over the world.
191．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised D．surprisingly
192．A．at B．in C．to D．on
193．A．has begun B．beginning C．begins D．began
194．A．/ B．the C．an D．a
195．A．because B．if C．so D．although
196．A．to move B．move C．moving D．moved
197．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
198．A．draw B．drew C．drawn D．was drawn
199．A．but B．however C．or D．and
200．A．was B．were C．is D．are
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参考答案及试题解析
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．B
【导语】本文介绍了中国人热情好客的文化传统，讲述了拜访中国家庭时的待客礼仪与习俗。
【解析】1．句意：作为客人，外国人会对他们感受到的热情感到惊讶。
根据上下文描述拜访中国家庭时受到的热情招待可知，此处表示一般事实，用一般现在时，receive符合语境。
2．句意：当你拜访一个中国家庭时，主人经常为你泡茶，你会从他们那里得到一些饼干或糖果。
根据上下文描述一般待客习俗可知，此处用一般现在时，主语为“you”，谓语动词应用原形get。
3．句意：他们还会和你聊天，让你感到舒服。
根据语境可知，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，表达“和你聊天来让你感到舒服”，应选用to make。
4．句意：同时，他们会忙着为你准备一顿饭。
根据固定搭配prepare sth. for sb.可知，此处用介词for。
5．句意：他们总是准备比客人能吃的更多的食物。
根据句中“than”可知，此处用形容词比较级，more符合语境。
6．句意：在餐桌上，客人应该先吃。
根据中国餐桌礼仪可知，此处表示“应该”，should符合语境。
7．句意：当你吃完饭后，主人通常会说：“你好像没吃多少，请再吃点。”
根据上下文时间逻辑可知，此处表示“当……时候”，When符合语境。
8．句意：你告诉他们你饱了，但他们还是会往你的碗里加更多食物。
根据上下文主人劝客人多吃的语境可知，此处表示“饱了”，应用full。
9．句意：热情是中国文化的一个重要部分。
空格后“important”以元音音素开头，且“part”为可数名词单数，此处用不定冠词an表泛指。
10．句意：孔子两千年前说过：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！”
空格后“happy”为形容词，符合“How+adj.+主语+谓语”结构，应用How引导感叹句。
11．A 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了1975年中国登山队首次精确测量珠峰高度的历程，介绍了当时的艰难条件及测量工作的科学意义。
【解析】11．句意：1975年5月27日，一支九人中国登山队从北坡登顶珠峰。
具体日期“May 27, 1975”前用介词on。in接月份/年份，at接具体时刻。
12．句意：他们在山顶停留了70分钟并成功地测量了山的高度。
空格修饰动词measured“测量”，需要用副词，应填successfully。successful“成功的”，形容词；succeed“成功”，动词，均不符。
13．句意：那里的温度通常是零下29摄氏度，比南极洲低四度。
句中“than”是比较级标志，要用形容词low的比较级lower。low“低的”，形容词原级、lowest“最低的”，形容词最高级，均不符。
14．句意：他们在山顶收集了数据。
测量需要收集多个数据，且后文明确提到“studied the numbers”，此处用复数numbers。number“数字”，名词单数、number’s“数字的”，名词所有格，均不符。
15．句意：之后，科学家研究数据并计算出山的高度。
本文讲1975年的事件，是一般过去时；“and”连接并列谓语，和前面过去式“studied”并列，也用过去式worked。work“工作”，动词原形；are working“正在工作”，现在进行时；时态不符。
16．句意：为了应对困难条件，队员于一月开始训练。
此处表示“为了应对艰苦的条件”，用不定式To deal作目的状语。Dealing“应对”，动名词/现在分词；Deal“应对”，动词原形；均不符。
17．句意：他们不得不睡在帐篷里以保持他们自己温暖。
主语是“They”，此处表示“让他们自己保暖”，指代主语本身，用反身代词themselves。they“他们”，主格；them“他们”，宾格；均不符。
18．句意：在如此低的气温下保持肉类新鲜很容易。
固定结构，such a+形容词+可数名词单数。“temperature”此处泛指一种气温，是可数名词。“low”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。the“这个”，表示特指；an“一个”，用于元音音素开头的单词前；均不符。
19．句意：虽然还有一些我们无法想到的困难，但这座山仍然值得测量。
前半句“有很多难以预料的困难”，后半句“测量珠峰仍然值得”，是让步关系，应填although表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。So“所以”、Because“因为”，逻辑不符。
20．句意：精确测量能帮助研究板块运动以便科学家们能够向人们发出即将发生灾难的警报。
此处表示客观能力或可能性，应用can。must“必须”，表强制必须，语义不通；need“需要”，表意颠倒，不符合常理。
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文讲述作者在社区中心做志愿者，帮助独居老人张先生，不仅帮助了他人也丰富了自己生活的故事。
【解析】21．句意：去年，我决定加入一个帮助独居老人的项目，并且我第一次成为了一名志愿者。
根据句意，此处表示“一名志愿者”，是泛指，volunteer以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。an用于元音音素开头的单词前，the表示特指，/表示零冠词，均不符合语境。
22．句意：每个周六早上，我都会去看望张先生，一位在事故中失去左腿的80岁老人。
此处修饰名词left leg，需用形容词性物主代词，his“他的”符合语境。he是主格，him是宾格，himself是反身代词，均不能修饰名词。
23．句意：他行动不便，所以我帮他购物和打扫卫生。
“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，in可省略，因此此处需填动名词moving。move是动词原形，to move是动词不定式，moved是过去式/过去分词，均不符合固定搭配。
24．句意：我经常花几个小时陪他，听他讲过去的故事。
根据句意，此处表示“花费时间”，主语是人，常用搭配“spend + 时间 + with sb.”，符合语境。took常用于“it takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”结构，cost主语是物，paid常用于“pay for”结构，均不符合此处用法。
25．句意：起初，张先生总是不开心。
根据后文“He told me that he could not enjoy life”，可知此处应填表示“不开心的”形容词，unhappy符合语境。happy“开心的”与句意相反，happily是副词，happiness是名词，均不符合句子结构和句意。
26．句意：他告诉我他无法享受生活，因为他所有的老朋友最近都去世了。
此处修饰动词短语passed away，需用副词，recently“最近”符合语境。recent是形容词，unrecent是形容词“不近期的”，recentness是名词，均不能修饰动词。
27．句意：有时我会给他带自制的食物，他就会开心地笑起来。
结合句意，“带自制食物”和“开心地笑”是顺承关系，and用于连接两个并列的动作，符合语境。but表示转折，or表示选择，so表示因果，均不符合逻辑。
28．句意：有一天，我有了一个主意。我邀请张先生去参加一个由当地博物馆组织的艺术展。
此处定语从句修饰art exhibition，主语which指代art exhibition，与谓语动词organize是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态was organized。organizing是现在分词，to organize是动词不定式，organized是过去式/过去分词（主动语态），均不符合被动语境。
29．句意：他甚至主动提出教其他老人画画。
“offer to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“主动提出做某事”，因此此处需填动词不定式to teach。taught是过去式/过去分词，teaching是动名词/现在分词，teach是动词原形，均不符合固定搭配。
30．句意：通过这次经历，我明白了志愿工作不仅帮助那些有需要的人，也丰富了我自己的生活。
“in need”是固定短语，意为“有需要的”，修饰those（那些人），符合语境。on、at、for均不能与need构成此搭配，不符合句意。
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．A 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．C
【导语】本文讲述了王一熙及其团队用中国水墨画为科学杂志设计封面，将科学知识与传统艺术结合，让科学变得通俗易懂、生动有趣的故事。
【解析】31．句意：王一熙和他的团队做到了这件事。
前文提出“数百人会被科学杂志封面吸引吗？”的疑问，后文说明他们的设计成为了知名科学杂志封面，此处表示“成功做到”，用固定搭配make it，全文时态为一般过去时，需用过去式made。make为原形；makes为一般现在时第三人称单数，均不符合时态要求。
32．句意：画中一位农民正牵着一头牛过桥，旁边有个男孩提着竹篮。
此处表示“过桥”，across强调从物体表面穿过，符合从桥的一端到另一端的语境；through指从物体内部穿过；in表示在……里面，均不符合语境。
33．句意：它展示了一种特殊酶的工作原理——中国科学家的一项杰出新成果。
此处表示“一项成果”，outstanding以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the为定冠词表特指，均不符合此处泛指的语境。
34．句意：他想帮助人们更清楚地理解它们。
此处修饰动词understand，需用副词clearly。clear为形容词，不能修饰动词；clearness为名词，不符合语法要求。
35．句意：所以他把绘画当作一种爱好。
固定搭配take up sth. as a hobby意为“把某事当作爱好”，as符合语境。with“和……一起”；of“……的”均不符合该搭配用法。
36．句意：他试图用漂亮的图片让难懂的科学事实变得更简单。
much后需接形容词比较级，simpler是simple的比较级，符合“让事实变得更简单”的语境。simple为原级；simplest为最高级，均不能与much搭配。
37．句意：他在创作时真的很享受其中。
固定搭配enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心、享受过程”，此处主语为He，对应的反身代词是himself。him为宾格；his为形容词性/名词性物主代词，均不符合该搭配用法。
38．句意：随着时间的推移，王一熙决定创办一家公司。
固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，需用不定式形式to start。start为原形；starting为动名词/现在分词，均不符合该搭配用法。
39．句意：四年多来，他和他的团队为不同的研究论文创作了超过10000件作品。
此处表示“作品”，work作“作品”讲时为可数名词，前有10,000修饰，需用复数形式works。work为原形，作不可数名词时意为“工作”；work’s为所有格形式，均不符合语境。
40．句意：王一熙说，展示顶尖科学和优美的中国艺术，让科学变得通俗易懂、趣味十足，让他有一种成就感。
a sense of后需接名词，achievement为名词，意为“成就”，固定搭配a sense of achievement“一种成就感”，符合语境。achieve为动词原形；achieved为动词过去式/过去分词，均不能作介词of的宾语。
41．A 42．A 43．A 44．C 45．D 46．A 47．A 48．B 49．A 50．C
【导语】本文介绍了亚洲象面临的生存危机，并提出了保护措施。
【解析】41．句意：保护它们对我们来说很重要。
It is important for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事很重要”，for“对于”符合。of用于It is + adj. + of sb.句型，to“到”，with“和”，均与句型不符。
42．句意：它们生活在东南亚的森林和草原上。
描述一般事实，主语They为复数，应用一般现在时live“生活”。lives第三人称单数，lived过去式，living现在分词，均与主语复数不匹配。
43．句意：人们经常砍伐森林用于农业和建筑。
often提示描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语People为复数，动词用原形cut“砍伐”。cuts第三人称单数，are cutting现在进行时，will cut将来时，均与一般事实描述不符。
44．句意：所以大象正在失去它们的家园。
上文森林被砍伐，说明大象“正在失去”家园，描述当前持续的状态，应用现在进行时are losing“正在失去”。lose一般现在时，lost过去式，will lose将来时，均与持续状态不符。
45．句意：结果，现在亚洲象的数量变得越来越少。
now提示描述变化趋势，应用现在进行时，主语the number为第三人称单数，动词用is becoming“正在变得”。become一般现在时，becomes第三人称单数，became过去式，均与变化趋势不符。
46．句意：我们必须采取行动拯救它们。
上文呼吁保护，must“必须”表示必要性。can“可以”，may“可能”，might“可能”，均与必须采取行动的语气不符。
47．句意：我们应该为它们建更多的自然保护区。
上文建议措施，should“应该”表示建议。would“将会”，could“可以”，might“可能”，均与建议语气不符。
48．句意：小象还没有大到可以独自寻找食物。
be old enough to do sth.“足够大可以做某事”，应用不定式to find“寻找”。find动词原形，finding动名词，found过去式，均不能用于enough...to结构。
49．句意：如果我们不保护大象，它们将来会灭绝。
if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，will die out“将会灭绝”符合。would过去将来时，may/might表示可能性，均与将来时态不符。
50．句意：我们帮助无家可归的动物是友善的。
It is kind of us to do sth.“某人做某事是友善的”，It作形式主语，真正主语是to help...。This/That/One均不能作形式主语。
51．A 52．B 53．D 54．C 55．A 56．D 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．C
【导语】本文讲述了一位乡村小提琴手兼音乐老师Peter为帮助买不起乐器的孩子，自己制作“瓶子小提琴”并免费教学的故事。
【解析】51．句意：这位男子正在通过做一些特别的事情，与家乡的孩子们分享他对音乐的热爱。
上文提到Peter，此处特指，应用定冠词The。A表泛指，An用于元音音素前，/零冠词，均与特指不符。
52．句意：乐器的价格在上涨。
the price of“……的价格”为固定搭配，of“的”符合。with“和”，in“在……里”，to“到”，均与price搭配不当。
53．句意：他尝试了许多制作小提琴的方法。
many后接可数名词复数，ways“方法”符合。way单数，way’s所有格，ways’复数所有格，均与many搭配不当。
54．句意：Peter在自家工作室里，制作一把小提琴大约只需20英镑。
can为情态动词，后接动词原形，make“制作”符合。to make不定式，making动名词，made过去式，均不能用于情态动词后。
55．句意：在他家乡，那里的人们非常贫穷。
主语people为复数，描述事实应用are“是”。be原形，is单数，was过去式，均与主谓一致不符。
56．句意：Peter的小提琴被称为“瓶子小提琴”。
主语violins与call之间为被动关系，且描述事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态are called“被称为”。called过去分词不能单独作谓语，call主动形式，is called单数被动，均与主语复数不符。
57．句意：他教他们拉小提琴。
teach sb. to do sth.“教某人做某事”，应用不定式to play“演奏”。play原形，gather“聚集”，to gather“去聚集”，均与教小提琴不符。
58．句意：令他高兴的是，许多孩子步行数英里来上他的课。
children为可数名词复数，many“许多”符合。few“很少”表否定，little修饰不可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，均与步行数英里的积极语境不符。
59．句意：Peter制作这些特殊的小提琴，希望能与更多的孩子分享他对音乐的热爱。
空后为love of music，应用形容词性物主代词his“他的”作定语。he主格，him宾格，himself反身代词，均不能作定语。
60．句意：我相信当你热爱音乐时，没有什么能阻止你表达对音乐的热爱。
空后can stop you，nothing“没有什么”作主语，符合语境。everything“每件事”，something“某事”，anything“任何事”用于疑问否定句，均与肯定句的“没有什么能阻止”不符。
61．A 62．C 63．A 64．B 65．B 66．A 67．D 68．D 69．B 70．C
【导语】本文讲述了如何正确制作卡通片，包括确定故事基本想法、设计角色、绘制草图、用电脑绘制详细图片并添加色彩、用电脑程序将图片组合成电影、录制角色声音和音效等步骤，还以《猫和老鼠》为例，介绍了其创作背景、成功情况以及如今受欢迎的程度。
61．句意：你知道如何正确制作一部卡通片吗？
这里表示泛指“一部卡通片”，且“cartoon”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。“an”用于以元音音素开头的单词前；“the”表示特指；“/”不填不符合此处语境。
62．句意：在下一个阶段，使用电脑绘制详细的图片并添加颜色。
“use sth. to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“用某物做某事”，所以这里用“to draw”。“drawing”是动名词形式；“drew”是过去式；“draw”是动词原形，均不符合该固定用法。
63．句意：在一切都检查无误后，卡通片就可以供大家欣赏了。
上文描述了制作卡通片的多个步骤，这里说在所有事情都检查好之后卡通片就可以播放了，“everything”表示“一切事物”，符合语境。“something”表示“某事，某物”；“anything”表示“任何事物”，常用于否定句或疑问句；“nothing”表示“没有什么”，均不符合。
64．句意：第一部《猫和老鼠》卡通片于1940年在电影院上映。
“The first Tom and Jerry cartoon”和“show”之间是被动关系，且时间是1940年，是过去的时间，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was shown”。“is shown”是一般现在时的被动语态；“shows”是一般现在时的主动形式；“showed”是一般过去时的主动形式，均不符合。
65．句意：《猫和老鼠》成为了世界上最受欢迎的两个角色。
“two of...”表示“……中的两个”，后面接可数名词复数，“characters”是“character”的复数形式，符合语境。“character”是单数形式；“a character”表示“一个角色”；“the characters”表示特指，这里不需要特指。
66．句意：汉纳和巴伯拉花了超过17年的时间制作了114部《猫和老鼠》卡通片。
“spend time (in) doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“花费时间做某事”，所以这里用“making”。“to make”是动词不定式；“make”是动词原形；“made”是过去式，均不符合该固定用法。
67．句意：几乎每一部卡通片都以汤姆陷入麻烦，杰瑞嘲笑他而结束。
“in trouble”是固定短语，表示“陷入麻烦”，所以这里用“in”。“for”表示目的、原因等；“at”表示在某个地点或时间点；“from”表示从……，均不符合。
68．句意：这些故事多么有趣啊！
“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”是感叹句的一种结构，这里“funny”是形容词，所以用“How”。“What a”和“What”用于感叹名词；“How a”表述错误。
69．句意：这些卡通片如此好看以至于它们赢得了许多奖项。
“so...that...”是固定用法，表示“如此……以至于……”，“so”后面接形容词或副词，“good”是形容词，所以用“so”。“such”后面接名词；“very”表示“非常”，不用于此结构；“much”表示“很多”，也不用于此结构。
70．句意：如今，这只著名的猫和老鼠仍然和以前一样受欢迎。
“as...as...”表示“和……一样……”，中间接形容词或副词的原级，“popular”是形容词原级，符合语境。“more popular”是比较级；“the most popular”是最高级；“popularly”是副词，均不符合。
71．B 72．C 73．A 74．C 75．B 76．C 77．A 78．B 79．C 80．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者跟随父亲学习书法的经历、书法的魅力以及书法对作者的意义。
71．句意：去年夏天，我开始和爸爸一起学习书法，他已经练习书法超过10年了。
根据后文描述和父亲一起练习书法的经历可知这是一段愉快的旅程。joke是玩笑；joyful愉快的；lonely孤独的，所以选joyful。
72．句意：首先，爸爸教我如何正确握笔。
teach sb. to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”，这里是父亲教“我”正确握笔，所以用to hold。
73．句意：我花了几周时间练习，最终能够让手不再颤抖。
根据语境可知是最终能够让手不颤抖，could表示能够，should应该，must必须，所以选could。
74．句意：我们还专注于画基本笔画——横画像竹子一样直，竖画像松树一样挺拔。
focus on doing sth.意为“专注于做某事”，这里说专注于画基本笔画，所以用drawing。
75．句意：起初，我的作品很凌乱，但爸爸热情地称赞我的进步，并鼓励我继续下去。
根据“but dad praised my progress”可知父亲热情地表扬“我”的进步，easily容易地；warmly热情地；angrily生气地，所以选warmly。
76．句意：当我写完一个工整的“福”字后，爸爸把它贴在冰箱上——这让我非常自豪。
这里指代前面贴在冰箱上的“a neat ‘fu’”，所以用it。
77．句意：爸爸告诉我，书法有超过3000年的悠久历史。
“a long history of...”表示……的悠久历史，所以选of。
78．句意：我希望继续练习，这样有一天我可以写出漂亮的作品作为礼物送给爷爷奶奶。
work作为“作品”讲时是可数名词，这里表示写漂亮的作品作为礼物给祖父母，所以用复数works。
79．句意：每个人都说我取得了很大的进步，这激励我更多地练习。
inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，所以这里用to practise。
80．句意：书法不仅仅是一种爱好——它是一种与我们的传统相连的方式，也是与我的家人创造美好回忆的方式。
根据语境可知书法是和家人创造甜蜜回忆的一种方式，memory作为“回忆”讲时常用复数形式memories，hobbies是爱好，不符合语境，所以选memories。
81．A 82．C 83．B 84．C 85．B 86．C 87．A 88．B 89．B 90．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者从讨厌英语，到借助iPad发现学习乐趣，最终爱上英语并决心坚持学好。
81．句意：对我来说，这真是一个糟糕的梦。
由前文可知学习新的单词机械重复10次非常枯燥比较普通不必特指，故不用the。此处泛指“一个糟糕的梦”，且bad 发音以辅音音素/b/开头，故用不定冠词a。
82．句意：我不喜欢记单词和语法规则。
like doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事（长期的爱好 / 习惯）”，所以用动名词形式memorizing。
83．句意：当我16岁的时候，我的父母给我买了一个iPad。
时间状语“When I was 16 years old”表示过去的时间，句子用一般过去时，buy的过去式是bought。
84．句意：从那以后，它成了我最好的帮手。
空后有名词best helper，需要形容词性物主代词my修饰，表示“我最好的帮手”。
85．句意：只要我想，无论在哪里我都可以学英语——在回家的路上，或是在地铁上。
后文“on my way home or on the subway” ，为举例的地点。wherever“无论什么地点”，符合语境。
86．句意：直到我了解了很多和英语相关的有趣单词和表达，我才爱上了这门语言。
not...until...是固定句型，意为“直到……才……”，表示“直到我了解了很多有趣的单词和表达，我才爱上这门语言”，符合文章语境，故选until。
87．句意：我没有意识到，语言本身是建立我和世界知识之间紧密联系的最佳方式。
句中的主语是the language（事物），对应的反身代词是itself，作同位语，强调“语言本身”，其他两项与题意并不符。
88．句意：我学英语越认真，英语就会越好。
the + 比较级, the + 比较级是固定句型，意为“越……越……”，作者认真学英语，所以英语越来越好，故用good的比较级better。
89．句意：多亏了英语，我现在对周围的世界了解得更多了。
the world around sb“某人周围的世界”。around在这里是介词，表示“在……周围、围绕着”，the world around me就是“我周围的世界”，符合上下文语境。
90．句意：我知道，要成为一名优秀的英语学习者还有很长的路要走，我会努力改善我的英语。
work hard to do sth.“努力做某事”，故选to improve，意为“努力改善英语”。
91．B 92．B 93．A 94．B 95．C 96．D 97．B 98．C 99．D 100．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了沙漠的定义、不同地区沙漠的气候特点，以及沙漠下雪的条件，解答了“沙漠里是否会下雪”这一问题。
91．句意：西安的冬天经常下雪，这里的人们每年冬天都能经历下雪天。
前文提到西安的冬天经常下雪，因此这里表达人们每年冬天都能经历下雪天。can能够，符合语境；should应该、need需要、might可能均不符合此处的事实描述。
92．句意：你想找到这个问题的答案吗——沙漠里会下雪吗？
want to do sth.是固定搭配，意为想要做某事，因此此处应填动词不定式to find。
93．句意：人们把一个地方称作沙漠，因为它非常干燥。
此处泛指一个地方，place是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此用不定冠词a；an用于元音音素开头的单词前，the表特指，均不符合语境。
94．句意：沙漠总是很干燥，但并不是所有沙漠都一直炎热。
介词of后需接人称代词宾格，此处指代前文的deserts，因此用宾格them；they是主格，their/theirs是物主代词，均不符合语法要求。
95．句意：在世界上炎热的地区，沙漠全年都很热。
parts of the world是固定搭配，意为世界上的部分地区，此处用复数形式表示多个地区。
96．句意：即使是这些炎热的沙漠，晚上也会慢慢降温。
此处修饰动词短语cool down，需用副词。本句描述的是沙漠夜晚温度下降的过程，话题是温度变化，quietly安静地，用来描述动作没有声响、不张扬，和“声音/动静”完全无关，所以应用slowly缓慢地修饰。
97．句意：在世界上较凉爽的地区，沙漠在夜晚和冬季都很寒冷。
表示在某个季节时，需用介词in，即in winter在冬天；on用于具体日期，at用于具体时刻，for表时间段，均不符合。
98．句意：世界上许多冰冻严寒的地方也是沙漠。
主语Many frozen places是复数，因此be动词用are。
99．句意：降雨可能只持续几分钟，也可能一年只下一次。
此处修饰可数名词复数minutes，且表示少量的、几个，含肯定含义，因此用a few；little/a little修饰不可数名词，few表否定含义，均不符合语境。
100．句意：如果这种情况发生，冷空气就会把雨变成雪。
此处为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现规则，从句用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时，因此用will turn。
101．C 102．D 103．A 104．C 105．B 106．D 107．A 108．C 109．B 110．C
【导语】本文讲述了宋代诗人苏轼（苏东坡）被贬黄州后，不沮丧，亲自耕种劳动。当地猪肉常见，但富人不爱吃穷人不会做。一次待客时，他用黄酒和香料慢炖猪肉，因下棋忘记时间，结果发现猪肉红亮香软，非常美味。此后这种做法流传开来，成为名菜“东坡肉”。
101．句意：他热爱写诗，并且想要服务他的国家。
此处表示“他的国家”，应使用形容词性物主代词his来修饰“country”，his“他的”，符合题意。he“他”，主格；him“他”，宾格；himself“他自己”，反身代词，均不能作定语。
102．句意：每天早上，他早起去农场劳动，并自己种菜。
get up early to do sth.表示“早起做某事”，此处用动词不定式to work作目的状语，且后文“planted”与“work”是并列动作。sleep意为“睡觉”，不符合语境。
103．句意：在黄州，许多家庭养了一些猪，所以猪肉很常见。
由后文“pork”可知，此处指养猪，some修饰可数名词复数，pigs要用复数形式。pig和horse均为单数不能与some连用，horses意为“马”，与猪肉无关。
104．句意：但富人不爱吃猪肉，穷人不知道如何把它做得好吃。
全文叙述过去事件，应使用一般过去时。主语“poor people”为复数，否定形式为didn’t know。not knew语法错误，not know缺少助动词，don’t know为一般现在时。
105．句意：苏轼决定为这位客人做猪肉。
上文提到“A guest came to his home”，此处再次提及这位客人，表示特指，应使用定冠词the。a/an表示泛指，此处不合适。
106．句意：他先把猪肉煮一下，然后用黄酒和香料慢炖它。
句子描述过去一连串动作，谓语动词应使用一般过去时，动词要用过去式。“boiled”与“and”后的动词应时态一致，cooked符合题意。is cooking“正在煮”，现在进行时；will cook“将要煮”，一般将来时；cooks“煮”，一般现在时，均不符合题意。
107．句意：之后，他与客人下棋去了。
play chess with sb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人下棋”。to/at/on均不能与play chess构成正确搭配。
108．句意：他如此专注于棋局，以至于忘记了猪肉。
so…that…为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。while“当……时”；or“否则”；unless“除非”，均不符合逻辑。
109．句意：它口感软嫩，非常美味。
主语“It”指代猪肉，为单数；全文为一般过去时，应使用动词的过去式，所以be动词用was。were用于复数，are为一般现在时，be为动词原形，均不符合题意。
110．句意：人们喜爱它，它成为一道著名的菜肴，叫作“东坡肉”。
修饰名词dish应使用形容词，famous意为“著名的”，符合这道菜后来成为有名的“东坡肉”的语境。busy“忙碌的”；busily“忙碌地”，副词；famously“著名地”，副词，均不符合语境。
111．C 112．B 113．C 114．A 115．A 116．C 117．B 118．C 119．B 120．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了英国女士Dr. Mantri用中国古代发明算盘帮助儿子提升数学能力的故事，介绍了算盘的历史地位、使用优势及文化价值。
111．句意：到目前为止，一些古老的中国发明已经在世界各地广受欢迎。
so far是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”，have won符合时态要求。应选have won。win（原形）、won（过去式）均不符合so far引导的现在完成时语境。
112．句意：她小时候被教导如何使用算盘解决数学问题。
“how to use an abacus”是“疑问词+不定式” 结构，意为“如何使用算盘”，用于表达做事的方法。应选how。what“什么”、where“哪里”均无法构成“如何使用”的方法含义。
113．句意：在注意到儿子Dhruv在数学上有困难后，她开始用算盘来帮助他。
use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“用某物去做某事”，不定式to help表目的。应选to help。help（原形）、helping（动名词）均不符合该固定搭配的语法要求。
114．句意：我会问他非常简单的问题，比如‘35-13=？’，但他算不出来。
work it out是固定搭配，意为“算出、解决它”，it指代前面的数学问题。应选it。its“它的”（物主代词）、it’s“它是”（缩写）均不能作work out的宾语，语法错误。
115．句意：六天后，Dhruv在算盘的帮助下开始快速进步。
with the help of…是固定短语，意为“在…… 的帮助下”，符合语境。应选with。for“为了”、by“通过”都不能表达“在…… 帮助下”的含义。
116．句意：他甚至在一次学校会议上用算盘进行了表演，一些家长来请教如何用算盘帮助孩子。
句子描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，performed是perform的过去式，符合时态要求。应选performed。perform（原形）、performs（一般现在时三单）时态均不符合语境。
117．句意：中国算盘被誉为中国古代第五大发明，也被称为最早的计算机。
“the+序数词 表示“第几”，the fifth great invention意为“第五大发明”，符合表达顺序的语法规则。应选the fifth。fifth（缺少定冠词the）语法错误；five（基数词）无法表达“第几”的顺序含义。
118．句意：中国算盘也被称为最早的计算机。
be known as是固定短语，意为“被称为、作为…… 而闻名”，此处表达被动含义，is known符合被动语态要求。应选is known。knows（主动语态）、knew（过去式主动语态）均不符合“被称为”的被动语义
119．句意：只要你记住数字，你就可以轻松使用它。
can表示“能够、可以”，强调具备使用算盘的能力，符合语境语气。应选can。should“应该”语气偏建议，must“必须”语气过于强硬，均不符合语境。
120．句意：多么神奇啊！
感叹句结构“How+形容词”用于对形容词表达感叹，How magical!符合语法规则。应选How。What后需接名词短语，What a后需接可数名词单数，都不能直接修饰形容词magical。
121．A 122．B 123．A 124．C 125．A 126．A 127．C 128．A 129．B 130．A
【导语】本文讲述了货币从最初的物物交换，到使用贝壳、金属货币，再到中国宋代发明纸币“交子”的发展历程。文章指出，尽管货币形式不断变化，但它作为交换媒介的功能始终未变。理解货币的历史有助于理解人类的进步。
121．句意：想象一下，为了理一次发而背着一袋大米去交换。
根据“carrying a bag of rice just ___ a haircut”可知，这里表示“为了得到一次理发”，用不定式作目的状语，to get表示“为了得到”，符合题意。got是过去式；getting是动名词，均不符合题意。
122．句意：中间有方孔的铜钱在中国古代被广泛使用。
主语“Copper coins”与use之间为被动关系，且描述的是古代的一般事实，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+过去分词，were used是被动语态，符合题意。used是主动语态过去式；had used是过去完成时主动语态，均不符合题意。
123．句意：于是，世界上第一种纸币——被称为“交子”——出现在四川。
这里引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词paper money，且在从句中作主语，应使用 which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句。
124．句意：他对这种“神奇的纸”感到惊讶。
主语He指马可·波罗，表示“人感到惊讶”应使用amazed，表示“感到惊讶的”。to amaze 是不定式；amazing表示“令人惊讶的”，均不符合题意。
125．句意：今天，货币主要是银行账户里的数字。
本句描述现在的一般情况，应使用一般现在时，主语money为不可数名词，be动词用is。was 是过去式；has been是现在完成时，强调影响或持续，此处无此意。
126．句意：尽管形式改变了，但功能保持不变。
前后句为让步关系，表示“虽然，尽管”，应使用Although。Because表原因；When表时间，均不符合逻辑关系。
127．句意：它让我们得到我们需要的东西，而不必用鸡换鞋。
“we need”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词，而空格处既作get的宾语，又充当后面从句的宾语，意为“所……的东西”，what符合题意。that和which引导名词性从句时不能同时充当先行词和关系词，均不符合题意。
128．句意：它展示了我们的祖先有多么聪明。
“smart our ancestors were”为感叹句结构作宾语，应使用how修饰形容词smart。what修饰名词；that无意义。
129．句意：下次你拿着一张纸币时，看看上面印的图案。
“patterns”与print之间为被动关系，表示“被印在……上的图案”，应使用过去分词printed作后置定语。print是动词原形；printing是现在分词，表主动或进行，均不符合题意。
130．句意：它讲述了一个延续了数个世纪的关于信任和价值的故事。
先行词是“a story of trust and value”，指物，且在定语从句中作主语，that符合题意。who指人；where指地点，均不符合题意。
131．C 132．B 133．D 134．A 135．C 136．A 137．C 138．D 139．C 140．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了人类未来探索太空、在太空建立定居点的计划以及面临的争议和挑战。
131．句意：“一旦我们扩展到太空并建立独立的定居点，我们的未来应该是安全的。”他说。
这里需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰future，our是形容词性物主代词，意为“我们的”，we是主格，作主语；us是宾格，作宾语；ours是名词性物主代词，相当于“our+名词”，所以选our。
132．句意：其中一些国家希望在未来10年内在那里建立空间站。
would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，所以这里用to create。
133．句意：这些空间站将为人类访问以及后来在火星或其他类地行星上生活做准备。
根据上下文可知，这些空间站将来会为人类访问和居住火星等做准备，是将来的动作，所以用一般将来时will prepare。
134．句意：罗伯特·祖布林，一位火箭科学家，认为人类应该殖民太空。
rocket scientist是可数名词单数，这里表示泛指“一名火箭专家”，且rocket以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。
135．句意：他想从火星开始，因为他相信一次人类任务，允许我们做很多事情，例如在一个非常不同的环境中生活。
as在这里表示原因，引导原因状语从句，意思是“因为他相信人类任务……所以他想从火星开始”，if表条件；when表时间；after表时间先后，所以选as。
136．句意：他想从火星开始，因为他相信一次人类任务，允许我们做很多事情，例如在一个非常不同的环境中生活。
live in a very different environment意为“住在一个非常不同的环境”，这里表示人类能够在与地球非常不同的环境中生活，所以选in。
137．句意：然而，不是每个人都认为把人类送入太空是个明智的想法。
这里“sending humans into space”是动名词短语作主语，sends是第三人称单数形式；sent是过去式和过去分词；to send是动词不定式，此处用动名词作主语，所以选sending。
138．句意：而且大多数太空旅行也会花费太多时间。例如，前往火星的单程旅行至少需要六个月。
time与take之间是被动关系，“时间被花费”，且will后接动词原形，所以用be taken。
139．句意：此外，第一批人会发现太空中的生活很艰难。
这里需要用副词修饰形容词difficult，seriously是副词，意为“严重地；非常”，serious是形容词；seriousness是名词；more serious是形容词比较级，所以选seriously。
140．句意：例如，在月球表面，太阳射线非常危险。
这里没有比较或最高级的语境，用原级dangerous表示太阳射线很危险。
141．A 142．D 143．A 144．D 145．C 146．B 147．B 148．C 149．C 150．C
【导语】本文讲述了数学老师Evans先生的人生转折：一场车祸让他从教师转变为交警，从此致力于维护交通安全，以此纪念事故中逝去的学生。
141．句意：三年前，他是一名数学老师。
句子时间状语three years ago表明句子用一般过去时；主语He为第三人称单数，应用was。选项is和are是一般现在时，were是过去式的复数形式，均不符。
142．句意：但一场可怕的事故改变了他的人生。
前文提到 “he decided to work in the middle school all his life”，后文说 “a terrible accident changed his life”，前后为转折关系，应用But。So表结果、Before表时间、Since表原因或时间，均逻辑不符。
143．句意：孩子们看到了很多有趣的事物，在那里玩得很开心。
空后为名词things，需用形容词修饰，结合 “玩得开心” 可知事物是 “有趣的”，应用interesting。interested修饰人，表示 “让人感兴趣的”；interest属于名词或动词；interests是名词复数，用法均不符。
144．句意：但在回学校的路上，他们的公交车被一辆卡车撞了，因为年轻的司机酒驾了。
主语their bus是动作的承受者，结合 “司机酒驾” 可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态，应用was hit。选项hit是主动过去式；hits是主动一般现在时；was hitting是过去进行时主动语态，均不符。
145．句意：五名学生在这场事故中丧生，超过一半的孩子受伤。
此处特指前文提到的这场车祸，需用定冠词表示特指，应用 the。a、an为不定冠词，表泛指；D选项零冠词均不符合语法要求。
146．句意：出院后，他离开了学校，成为了一名警察。
根据上下文逻辑，“出院” 是时间节点，之后他做出了职业转变。应用After，符合时间顺序。Before“在之前”，逻辑相反；Since“自从”，后常接时间点，主句需用完成时；Until“直到”语义不符。
147．句意：他尽全力阻止司机违反交通规则。
固定搭配stop sb. from doing something（阻止某人做某事），介词from后接动名词，应用breaking。break动词原形，broken过去分词，broke过去式，均不符合from后接动名词的规则。
148．句意：他工作努力，对司机们要求很严格，以至于他们都怕他。
固定搭配be strict with sb.（对某人严格），应用with。for“为了”，to“到”和about“关于”均不与 strict 构成该搭配。
149．句意：他工作努力，对司机要求很严格，以至于他们都怕他。
介词of后需接宾语，指代Evans先生，用人称代词宾格，

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