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人教版（2024）八年级下册Unit 7 A Good Read
语法：现在完成时核心语法总结 + 专项训练
现在完成时语法总结
一、定义
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成影响或结果；也可表示从过去持续到现在的动作/状态。
核心：动作在过去，结果在现在。
二、句型结构
1）肯定句主语 + have / has + done
I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。
She has gone to Beijing. 她去北京了（还没回）。
They have lived here for 5 years. 他们在这儿住了5年。
2）否定句主语 + have / has + not + done（缩写：haven’t / hasn’t）
I haven’t finished my homework. 我还没做完作业。
He hasn’t arrived yet. 他还没到。
We haven’t seen him since 2020. 2020年后我们没见过他。
3）一般疑问句Have / Has + 主语 + done？
Have you finished your homework 你作业做完了吗？
Has she left 她离开了吗？
Have they been to Shanghai 他们去过上海吗？
4）特殊疑问句疑问词 + Have / Has + 主语 + done？
What have you done 你做了什么？
Where has he gone 他去哪儿了？
How long have you lived here 你在这儿住多久了？
三、现在完成时的标志词
1. already（肯定句）已经
2. yet（否定/疑问）还、尚未
3. ever 曾经
4. never 从未
5. just 刚刚
6. recently/lately 最近
7. so far 到目前为止
8. up to now 直到现在
9. in the past/last + 时间段（in the last 3 years）
10. since + 过去时间点/从句（过去时）
11. for + 时间段（持续多久）
四、延续性动词和非延续性动词
1. 非延续性动词（瞬间动词）
动作一瞬间完成，不能持续：arrive, come, go, leave, buy, die, finish, start, join, borrow
不能和 for / since 连用。
He has left for 2 days.
He has been away for 2 days.
2. 延续性动词
动作可持续：be, live, work, study, stay, keep, have, know
3. 瞬间动词 → 延续性动词转换（必考）
中文含义 非延续性动词（不能用 for/since） 延续性动词（可用 for/since）
离开 leave / go be away
到达 / 来 arrive / come be here / be in
去某地 go to be in / be at
开始 start / begin be on
结束 / 完成 finish / end be over
买 buy have
借（借入） borrow keep
归还 return be back
打开 open be open
关闭 close be closed
死 die be dead
结婚 marry / get married be married
加入 join be in / be a member of
生病 fall ill be ill
入睡 fall asleep be asleep
五、一般过去时和现在完成时的区分
1. 一般过去时（did）
强调过去发生，和现在无关
有明确过去时间：yesterday, last week, just now, in 2020
例：I saw the film yesterday.（只说昨天看了，不管现在）
2. 现在完成时（have done）
强调过去动作影响现在
无明确过去时间，常用：already, yet, ever, since, for
例：I have seen the film.（看过了，现在知道内容/不用再看）
一句话区别
一般过去时：过去的事，过去结束；
现在完成时：过去的事，影响现在。
人教版八年级下册Unit 7现在完成时专项练习题
一、用所给动词的正确形式填空（每空2分，共40分）
1. I ________ (finish) my homework already.
2. She ________ (not read) this classic novel yet.
3. ________ you ________ (visit) the book fair
4. My brother ________ (join) the reading club since last month.
5. They ________ (live) in this town for 15 years.
6. Tom ________ (lose) his storybook, so he’s sad now.
7. We ________ (see) the movie The Little Prince twice.
8. He ________ (borrow) a history book from the library.
9. How long ________ your sister ________ (keep) this magazine
10. The students ________ (learn) about Treasure Island recently.
11. My parents ________ (work) in this city since 2010.
12. She ________ (write) three short stories so far.
13. ________ they ________ (clean) the classroom
14. I ________ (not hear) from my pen pal for a year.
15. The old man ________ (collect) books for over 30 years.
16. He ________ (be) to the library many times.
17. We ________ (not finish) our reading task yet.
18. Lily ________ (find) her lost notebook just now.
19. How many books ________ you ________ (read) this term
20. My cousin ________ (study) English since he was 10.
二、单项选择（每小题2分，共40分）
( )1. —Have you ________ been to the new library
—No, I haven’t.
A. ever B. already C. yet D. just
( )2. My sister ________ a book about *Oliver Twist*. She knows the story well.
A. reads B. read C. has read D. will read
( )3. He ________ this novel for three weeks.
A. has had B. has bought C. bought D. has
( )4. —Where is Lucy
—She ________ to the reading room.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. will go
( )5. We ________ many classic books since Grade 7.
A. read B. will read C. have read D. are reading
( )6. I ________ my key. I can’t open the door now.
A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. will lose
( )7. They ________ in Beijing for 5 years.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
( )8. —________ you ________ your homework
—Yes, I finished it ten minutes ago.
A. Have; finished B. Did; finish C. Do; finish D. Will; finish
( )9. She ________ here since 2018.
A. came B. has come C. has been D. is
( )10. My father ________ to Shanghai twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go
( )11. I ________ this storybook. It’s boring.
A. have read B. read C. will read D. am reading
( )12. He ________ his homework yet.
A. has finished B. hasn’t finished C. finished D. didn’t finish
( )13. How long ________ you ________ this bike
A. have; had B. have; bought C. did; buy D. do; have
( )14. —Have you seen the film
—Yes, I ________ it last Sunday.
A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see
( )15. They ________ the Great Wall many times.
A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit
( )16. She ________ a member of the reading club for two months.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
( )17. We ________ breakfast. We aren’t hungry now.
A. have had B. had C. have D. will have
( )18. —________ has he lived here
—For ten years.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon
( )19. I ________ from my friend since last month.
A. haven’t heard B. didn’t hear C. don’t hear D. won’t hear
( )20. The book ________ very interesting. I ________ it twice.
A. is; have read B. was; read C. is; read D. was; have read
三、句型转换（每小题2分，共20分）
1. I have read Treasure Island.（改为一般疑问句）
________ ________ ________ Treasure Island
2. She has already finished reading the book.（改为否定句）
She ________ ________ reading the book ________.
3. They have lived here for five years.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ they ________ here
4. He left Beijing two days ago.（改为现在完成时）
He ________ ________ ________ from Beijing for two days.
5. I bought this novel last week.（改为现在完成时）
I ________ ________ this novel since last week.
6. She has been to Shanghai twice.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ ________ she been to Shanghai
7. They have cleaned the classroom.（改为否定句）
They ________ ________ the classroom.
8. We have known each other since 2019.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ you ________ each other
9. He has joined the book club.（改为同义句）
He ________ ________ ________ ________ the book club.
10. I have seen this film.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
—________ ________ ________ this film
—________, ________ ________.一、用所给动词的正确形式填空（1–20）
1. have finished
解析：already 是现在完成时标志；主语 I → have + 过去分词 finished。
2. hasn’t read
解析：yet 用在否定句；主语 she → hasn’t + read（read 过去分词不变）。
3. Have; visited
解析：一般疑问句；主语 you → Have + 主语 + visited。
4. has been in
解析：since + 过去时间点；join 是瞬间动词，要改为延续性 be in；主语 brother → has。
5. have lived
解析：for + 时间段；现在完成时；主语 they → have lived。
6. has lost
解析：丢书导致现在难过，强调对现在影响，用现在完成时；主语 Tom → has lost。
7. have seen
解析：twice（次数）用现在完成时；主语 we → have seen。
8. has borrowed
解析：强调动作已完成；主语 he → has borrowed。
9. has; kept
解析：How long + 延续性动词；keep 的过去分词 kept；主语 sister → has。
10. have learned
解析：recently（最近）是现在完成时标志；主语 students → have learned。
11. have worked
解析：since + 年份；现在完成时；主语 parents → have worked。
12. has written
解析：so far（到目前为止）用现在完成时；主语 she → has written。
13. Have; cleaned
解析：一般疑问句；主语 they → Have + cleaned。
14. haven’t heard
解析：for + 时间段，否定句；主语 I → haven’t heard。
15. has collected
解析：for over 30 years 延续；主语 old man → has collected。
16. has been
解析：many times（次数）用现在完成时；主语 he → has been。
17. haven’t finished
解析：yet 否定句；主语 we → haven’t finished。
18. has found
解析：just now 动作已完成，影响现在；主语 Lily → has found。
19. have; read
解析：How many books + 现在完成时；主语 you → have read。
20. has studied
解析：since + 从句；主语 cousin → has studied。
二、单项选择（1–20）
1. A. ever
解析：疑问句表“曾经”用 ever；already 肯定句；yet 否定/疑问末尾。
2. C. has read
解析：她了解故事，强调对现在影响，用现在完成时。
3. A. has had
解析：for + 时间段；buy 瞬间动词 → 延续 have。
4. B. has gone
解析：人不在现场，去了未回 → has gone to。
5. C. have read
解析：since + 过去时间，主句现在完成时。
6. C. have lost
解析：丢钥匙导致现在打不开门，影响现在，用现在完成时。
7. C. have lived
解析：for + 时间段；现在完成时。
8. A. Have; finished
解析：问是否完成，强调结果，用现在完成时。
9. C. has been
解析：since + 时间点；come 瞬间动词 → be。
10. B. has been
解析：twice（去过已回）→ has been to。
11. A. have read
解析：读过所以知道无聊，影响现在。
12. B. hasn’t finished
解析：yet 否定句，用现在完成时否定。
13. A. have; had
解析：How long + 延续；buy → have。
14. B. saw
解析：last Sunday 明确过去时间 → 一般过去时。
15. C. have visited
解析：many times（次数）用现在完成时。
16. C. has been
解析：for + 时间段；join → be a member of。
17. A. have had
解析：吃过早饭，现在不饿，影响现在。
18. A. How long
解析：对 for + 时间段提问用 How long。
19. A. haven’t heard
解析：since + 过去时间，否定现在完成时。
20. A. is; have read
解析：书的性质用一般现在时 is；twice 用现在完成时 have read。
三、句型转换（1–10）
1. Have you read
解析：现在完成时一般疑问句：Have + you + read。
2. hasn’t finished; yet
解析：否定句 has + not；already 改为 yet 放末尾。
3. How long have; lived
解析：对 for + 时间段提问 → How long；保留现在完成时。
4. has been away
解析：leave 瞬间动词 → be away；现在完成时 has been away。
5. have had
解析：buy 瞬间动词 → have；since + 时间点用现在完成时。
6. How many times has
解析：对 twice（次数）提问 → How many times；主语 she → has。
7. haven’t cleaned
解析：现在完成时否定：have + not + cleaned。
8. How long have; known
解析：对 since + 时间点提问 → How long；现在完成时。
9. has been a member of
解析：join 瞬间动词 → be a member of。
10. Have you seen; No, I haven’t
解析：一般疑问句 Have + you + seen；否定回答 No, I haven’t。

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