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译林版（2024）八年级下册Unit 7 Charities
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态核心语法总结+专项练习题
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态核心语法总结
语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
◆ 当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：
We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 教室每天都（被我们）打扫。
◆ 被动语态的基本构成如下：
主语 be (not) 过去分词
一般现在时 I am (not) supported.
You/We/They are (not) supported.
He/She/It is (not) supported.
一般过去时 I was (not) supported.
You/We/They were (not) supported.
He/She/It was (not) supported.
◆ 被动语态通常用于以下几种情况中：
1. 动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如：
Courses in traditional Chinese culture are taught in many schools.
在很多学校，(老师) 会教授有关中国传统文化的课程。
2. 在不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁时。如：
The toy is designed for children. 这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。
3. 需要强调动作的承受者时。如：
The construction of the Grand Canal was started in the Spring and Autumn Period. 大运河始凿于春秋时期。
4. 出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。如：
This problem was discussed just now. 这个问题刚才 (被) 讨论过。
◆ 在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指明动作的执行者，可以由 by 引出。如：
Mr Wu is liked by all of his students. 所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
注意：有些动词常用于被动语态。如：
He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。
◆ 主动语态与被动语态的句式转化：
主动语态 主语 谓语 (主动式) 宾语
She helped me.
被动语态 原宾语 (改为主格) 谓语 (被动式) by 原主语 (改为宾格)
I was helped by her.
主动语态 主语 谓语 (主动式) 间接宾语 直接宾语
He passed me a book.
被动语态 原直接宾语 谓语 (被动式) to me by 原主语 (改为宾格)
A book was passed to me by him.
原间接宾语 (改为主格) 谓语 (被动式) 原直接宾语 by 原主语 (改为宾格)
I was passed a book by him.
注意：
1. 有些动词，如连系动词 smell、taste、sound、feel 等，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如：
The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。
The music sounds nice. 这段音乐听起来不错。
2. 还有一些不及物动词，如 read、write、draw、sell、wash、cook、clean 等，常用主动语态，和 well、easily 等副词连用，含有被动意义。如：
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很顺滑。
The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature sell well both at home and abroad. 中国文学中的四大名著在国内外都很畅销。
3. 在含有感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的 to 常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上 to。
主动语态 主语 谓语 (主动式) 宾语 不带 to 的不定式
She made him retell the story.
被动语态 原宾语 (改为主格) 谓语 (被动式) 带 to 的不定式 by 原主语 (改为宾格)
He was made to retell the story by her.
专项练习题
一、用括号内动词的正确被动形式填空（每空2分，共30分）
1. English ______ (speak) by many people in the world.
2. The flowers ______ (water) by my grandma every morning.
3. The letter ______ (write) by Tom yesterday.
4. These cars ______ (make) in China.
5. The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting last week.
6. The classroom ______ (clean) by students after school every day.
7. A new park ______ (build) in our city last year.
8. Rice ______ (grow) in the south of China.
9. The story ______ (tell) to children every night.
10. The old house ______ (pull) down last month.
11. This kind of cake ______ (taste) good.
12. The book ______ (sell) well.
13. The music ______ (sound) beautiful.
14. The homework ______ (not finish) by him yesterday.
15. ______ the windows ______ (open) by you just now
二、句型转换（每小题3分，共24分）
1. People grow tea in the south of China.（改为被动语态）
Tea ______ ______ in the south of China.
2. My father repaired the bike yesterday.（改为被动语态）
The bike ______ ______ by my father yesterday.
3. They don’t allow students to use phones in class.（改为被动语态）
Students ______ ______ to use phones in class.
4. Did they build the bridge in 2000 （改为被动语态）
______ the bridge ______ in 2000
5. The children sing this song every year.（改为被动语态）
This song ______ ______ by the children every year.
6. The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.（改为被动语态）
The workers ______ ______ ______ work 12 hours a day by the boss.
7. The teacher often helps the boy.（改为被动语态，用by引出执行者）
The boy ______ often ______ ______ the teacher.
8. They sold out all the tickets.（改为被动语态）
All the tickets ______ ______ out by them.
三、单项选择（每小题2分，共20分）
( )1. The room ______ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned
( )2. The sports meeting ______ last week.
A. is held B. was held C. held D. will be held
( )3. ______ the trees ______ by your father yesterday
A. Are; planted B. Were; planted C. Did; plant D. Do; plant
( )4. This kind of cloth ______ soft.
A. feels B. is felt C. feel D. is feeling
( )5. The story ______ by my grandma when I was young.
A. tells B. is told C. was told D. told
( )6. These toys ______ for children under 5.
A. design B. are designed C. designed D. were designed
( )7. The problem ______ at the meeting now.
A. discusses B. is discussed C. was discussed D. will discuss
( )8. The book ______ well, so it ______ out soon.
A. sells; sells B. is sold; sells C. sells; is sold D. is sold; is sold
( )9. The students ______ to bring their books every day.
A. require B. are required C. required D. were required
( )10. The song ______ popular since 2020.
A. becomes B. became C. is become D. was become
四、根据汉语提示完成句子（每空2分，共16分）
1. 这张照片是去年拍的。
This photo ______ ______ last year.
2. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。
English ______ ______ widely in the world.
3. 这些信件每天都被邮递员派送。
These letters ______ ______ by the postman every day.
4. 蛋糕闻起来很香。
The cake ______ ______.（提示：主动表被动）
5. 这座桥是2010年建造的。
The bridge ______ ______ in 2010.
五、改错（每小题2分，共10分）
1. The pen writes smoothly, so it is sold well.
错误：______ 改正：______
2. The classroom cleaned by students every day.
错误：______ 改正：______
3. The book was buy by him yesterday.
错误：______ 改正：______
4. The music is sounded nice.
错误：______ 改正：______
5. The workers were made work 10 hours a day.
错误：______ 改正：______参考答案
一、用括号内动词的正确被动形式填空
1. is spoken
2. are watered
3. was written
4. are made
5. was discussed
6. is cleaned
7. was built
8. is grown
9. is told
10. was pulled
11. tastes（主动表被动）
12. sells（主动表被动）
13. sounds（主动表被动）
14. wasn’t finished
15. Were; opened
二、句型转换
1. is grown
2. was repaired
3. aren’t allowed
4. Was; built
5. is sung
6. were made to
7. is; helped by
8. were sold
三、单项选择
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B
四、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. was taken
2. is used
3. are delivered
4. smells good/nice
5. was built
五、改错
1. 错误：is sold；改正：sells（主动表被动，不用被动语态）
2. 错误：cleaned；改正：is cleaned（缺少被动语态的be动词）
3. 错误：buy；改正：bought（被动语态需用过去分词）
4. 错误：is sounded；改正：sounds（感官动词主动表被动，不用被动语态）
5. 错误：work；改正：to work（使役动词被动语态中需还原to）

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