资源简介 第47课时 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课)[总体概览] 求数列通项公式的方法除了我们前面学习过的公式法、累加法、累乘法,还有构造法,其总的思想是根据数列的递推公式,利用构造法转化为特殊的数列(等差、等比数列或可利用累加、累乘求解的数列)求解.类型一 待定系数法思维建模:待定系数法求通项模型适用于一阶线性递推式求通项类型一:形如an+1=pan+q(p≠1,pq≠0);类型二:形如an+1=pan+qn+c(p≠0,1,q≠0);类型三:形如an+1=pan+qn(p≠0,1,q≠0,1).第1步 看余项,构等比:判断余项类型,若余项是常数,则{an+x}为等比数列;若余项是一次式,则{an+xn+y}为等比数列;若余项是指数式,则{an+xqn}为等比数列.第2步 等比拆分对系数:对应项系数相等,解出所设参数.第3步 等比数列求通项:先求等比数列的通项公式,再得到an. 形如an+1=pan+q的构造[典例1] 数列{an}满足an=4an-1+3(n≥2)且a1=0,则a2 026=( )A.22 025-1 B.42 025-1C.22 025+1 D.42 025+1________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 形如an+1=pan+qn+c的构造[典例2] (2025·广东大联考)在数列{an}中,a1=3,且an+1=3an+4n-6(n∈N*),则{an}的通项公式为________._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________通性通法:形如an+1=pan+qn+c(p≠0,1,q≠0)将递推公式改写为an+1+x(n+1)+y=p(an+xn+y)的形式,写出数列{an+xn+y}的通项公式. 形如an+1=pan+qn的构造[典例3] (2025·宜春调研)已知正项数列{an}中,a1=2,an+1=2an+3×5n,则数列{an}的通项公式an=( )A.-3×2n-1 B.3×2n-1C.5n+3×2n-1 D.5n-3×2n-1_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________通性通法:形如an+1=pan+qn(p≠0,1,q≠0,1),在递推公式两边同除以qn+1,得=,求数列的通项公式.类型二 取倒数法[典例4] (多选)(2025·宜昌期中)已知数列{an}满足a1=1,an+1=(n∈N*),则下列结论正确的是( )A.为等比数列B.{an}的通项公式为an=C.{an}为递增数列D.的前n项和Sn=4n+2-5n-2_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________通性通法:形如an+1=的递推公式,两边同时取倒数转化为=的形式,令bn=,化归为bn+1=pbn+q型,求出的通项公式,再求an.类型三 相邻项的差为特殊数列型[典例5] (2025·永州期末)已知数列{an},a1=a2=1,an+2-5an+1+6an=0.(1)证明:数列{an+1-2an},{an+1-3an}为等比数列;(2)求数列{an}的通项公式;(3)求数列{an}的前n项和Sn.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第47课时 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课)类型一考向1 典例1 B [因为an=4an-1+3(n≥2),所以an+1=4(an-1+1)(n≥2),所以{an+1}是以1为首项,4为公比的等比数列,则an+1=4n-1,所以an=4n-1-1,所以a2 026=42 025-1.故选B.]考向2 典例2 an=3n-2(n-1) [法一:设an+1+p(n+1)+q=3(an+pn+q),即an+1=3an+2pn+2q-p,与原式相比较,由对应项系数相等得首项a1+2-2=3,所以数列{an+2n-2}是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列,故an+2n-2=3×3n-1=3n,故an=3n-2(n-1).法二:因为an+1=3an+4n-6(n∈N*),所以an+1+2n=3an+4n-6+2n=3[an+2(n-1)],因为a1=3,所以a1+2×(1-1)=3,所以{an+2(n-1)}是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列,则an+2(n-1)=3·3n-1=3n,所以an=3n-2(n-1).]考向3 典例3 D [法一:在递推公式an+1=2an+3×5n的两边同时除以5n+1,得×,①令bn=,则①式变为bn+1=bn+,即bn+1-1=(bn-1),所以数列{bn-1}是等比数列,其首项为b1-1=-1=-,所以bn-1=-×,即bn=1-×,所以=1-×=1-,所以an=5n-3×2n-1.法二:设an+1+k×5n+1=2(an+k×5n),则an+1=2an-3k×5n,与an+1=2an+3×5n比较可得k=-1,所以an+1-5n+1=2(an-5n),所以数列{an-5n}是首项为a1-5=-3,公比为2的等比数列,所以an-5n=-3×2n-1,所以an=5n-3×2n-1.]类型二典例4 AB [因为数列{an}满足a1=1,an+1=(n∈N*),所以=15+4×,故+5=4,又+5=6,所以数列是首项为6,公比为4的等比数列,故+5=6×4n-1,可得=6×4n-1-5,可得an=,故{an}为递减数列,故的前n项和Sn=-5n=2(4n-1)-5n.故正确的只有AB.故选AB.]类型三典例5 (1)证明:因为a1=a2=1,an+2-5an+1+6an=0,所以an+2-2an+1=3an+1-6an=3(an+1-2an),所以a2-2a1=-1,故数列{an+1-2an}是以-1为首项,3为公比的等比数列.由题意an+2-3an+1=2an+1-6an=2(an+1-3an),所以a2-3a1=-2,故数列{an+1-3an}是以-2为首项,2为公比的等比数列.(2)解:由(1)得,an+1-2an=-3n-1,an+1-3an=-2n,联立两式可得,an=2n-3n-1.(3)解:因为an=2n-3n-1,所以Sn=2+22+…+2n-(1+3+…+3n-1)==2n+1-2-=2n+1-.1 / 4(共37张PPT)第六章 数列*第47课时 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课)[总体概览] 求数列通项公式的方法除了我们前面学习过的公式法、累加法、累乘法,还有构造法,其总的思想是根据数列的递推公式,利用构造法转化为特殊的数列(等差、等比数列或可利用累加、累乘求解的数列)求解.类型一 待定系数法思维建模:待定系数法求通项模型适用于一阶线性递推式求通项类型一:形如an+1=pan+q(p≠1,pq≠0);类型二:形如an+1=pan+qn+c(p≠0,1,q≠0);类型三:形如an+1=pan+qn(p≠0,1,q≠0,1).第1步 看余项,构等比:判断余项类型,若余项是常数,则{an+x}为等比数列;若余项是一次式,则{an+xn+y}为等比数列;若余项是指数式,则{an+xqn}为等比数列.第2步 等比拆分对系数:对应项系数相等,解出所设参数.第3步 等比数列求通项:先求等比数列的通项公式,再得到an.考向1 形如an+1=pan+q的构造[典例1] 数列{an}满足an=4an-1+3(n≥2)且a1=0,则a2 026=( )A.22 025-1 B.42 025-1C.22 025+1 D.42 025+1√B [因为an=4an-1+3(n≥2),所以an+1=4(an-1+1)(n≥2),所以{an+1}是以1为首项,4为公比的等比数列,则an+1=4n-1,所以an=4n-1-1,所以a2 026=42 025-1.故选B.]【教用·备选题】(2025·武汉期末)已知数列{an}满足a1=2,an+1=2an-1,则a100的值为( )A.299-1 B.2100-1C.299+1 D.2100+1√C [数列{an}满足a1=2,an+1=2an-1,两边同时减去1可得an+1-1=2(an-1),又a1-1=1,故数列{an-1}是首项为1,公比为2的等比数列,故an-1=2n-1,得an=2n-1+1,故a100=299+1,故选C.]考向2 形如an+1=pan+qn+c的构造[典例2] (2025·广东大联考)在数列{an}中,a1=3,且an+1=3an+4n-6(n∈N*),则{an}的通项公式为_____________________. an=3n-2(n-1) [法一:设an+1+p(n+1)+q=3(an+pn+q),即an+1=3an+2pn+2q-p,与原式相比较,由对应项系数相等得an=3n-2(n-1)解得首项a1+2-2=3,所以数列{an+2n-2}是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列,故an+2n-2=3×3n-1=3n,故an=3n-2(n-1).法二:因为an+1=3an+4n-6(n∈N*),所以an+1+2n=3an+4n-6+2n=3[an+2(n-1)],因为a1=3,所以a1+2×(1-1)=3,所以{an+2(n-1)}是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列,则an+2(n-1)=3·3n-1=3n,所以an=3n-2(n-1).]通性通法:形如an+1=pan+qn+c(p≠0,1,q≠0)将递推公式改写为an+1+x(n+1)+y=p(an+xn+y)的形式,写出数列{an+xn+y}的通项公式.考向3 形如an+1=pan+qn的构造[典例3] (2025·宜春调研)已知正项数列{an}中,a1=2,an+1=2an+3×5n,则数列{an}的通项公式an=( )A.-3×2n-1 B.3×2n-1C.5n+3×2n-1 D.5n-3×2n-1√D [法一:在递推公式an+1=2an+3×5n的两边同时除以5n+1,得,①令bn=,则①式变为bn+1=bn+,即bn+1-1=(bn-1),所以数列{bn-1}是等比数列,其首项为b1-1=-1=-,所以bn-1=-,即bn=1-,所以=1-=1-,所以an=5n-3×2n-1.法二:设an+1+k×5n+1=2(an+k×5n),则an+1=2an-3k×5n,与an+1=2an+3×5n比较可得k=-1,所以an+1-5n+1=2(an-5n),所以数列{an-5n}是首项为a1-5=-3,公比为2的等比数列,所以an-5n=-3×2n-1,所以an=5n-3×2n-1.]通性通法:形如an+1=pan+qn(p≠0,1,q≠0,1),在递推公式两边同除以qn+1,得的通项公式.类型二 取倒数法[典例4] (多选)(2025·宜昌期中)已知数列{an}满足a1=1,an+1=(n∈N*),则下列结论正确的是( )A.为等比数列B.{an}的通项公式为an=C.{an}为递增数列D.的前n项和Sn=4n+2-5n-2√√AB [因为数列{an}满足a1=1,an+1=(n∈N*),所以=15+4×,故+5=4,又+5=6,所以数列是首项为6,公比为4的等比数列,故+5=6×4n-1,可得=6×4n-1-5,可得an=,故{an}为递减数列,故的前n项和Sn=-5n=2(4n-1)-5n.故正确的只有AB.故选AB.]通性通法:形如an+1=的形式,令bn=,化归为bn+1=pbn+q型,求出的通项公式,再求an.【教用·备选题】(2025·广州月考)已知数列{an}满足an+1=,且a1=2,则a9=( )A. B.C. D.√A [易知an≠0,an+1=,即-1=-,又a1=2,所以-1=-,所以数列是以-为首项,-为公比的等比数列,从而-1=-,所以-1=,解得a9=.故选A.]类型三 相邻项的差为特殊数列型[典例5] (2025·永州期末)已知数列{an},a1=a2=1,an+2-5an+1+6an=0.(1)证明:数列{an+1-2an},{an+1-3an}为等比数列;(2)求数列{an}的通项公式;(3)求数列{an}的前n项和Sn.[解] (1)证明:因为a1=a2=1,an+2-5an+1+6an=0,所以an+2-2an+1=3an+1-6an=3(an+1-2an),所以a2-2a1=-1,故数列{an+1-2an}是以-1为首项,3为公比的等比数列.由题意an+2-3an+1=2an+1-6an=2(an+1-3an),所以a2-3a1=-2,故数列{an+1-3an}是以-2为首项,2为公比的等比数列.(2)由(1)得,an+1-2an=-3n-1,an+1-3an=-2n,联立两式可得,an=2n-3n-1.(3)因为an=2n-3n-1,所以Sn=2+22+…+2n-(1+3+…+3n-1)= =2n+1-2-=2n+1-.【教用·备选题】已知数列{an}满足a1=1,a2=2,且an+1=2an+3an-1(n≥2,n∈N*),则数列{an}的通项公式an=______________. [因为an+1=2an+3an-1(n≥2,n∈N*),设bn=an+1+an,所以=3,又因为b1=a2+a1=3,所以{bn}是首项为3,公比为3的等比数列. 所以bn=an+1+an=3×3n-1=3n,从而,不妨令cn=,即cn+1+cn=,故cn+1-=-=-,又因为c1-,所以数列,公比为-的等比数列,故cn-,从而an=.]题号1352467一、单项选择题1.(2026·南昌模拟)已知数列{an}满足:a1=1,an+1=,则下列说法正确的是( )A.a10= B.an=2-nC.{an}有最大值 D.{an}不是单调数列√课时作业(四十七) 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课)题号1352467C [由a1=1,an+1=,可得an+1+1=,即,又,所以数列的等差数列,即n,即an=-1,可得a10=-,故AB错误;由{an}是递减数列,可得数列{an}有最大值,且为a1=1,故C正确,D错误.故选C.]题号13524672.已知数列{an}满足an+1=2an-n+1(n∈N*),a1=3,则an=( )A.2n-n B.2n+nC.2n-1 D.2n+1√题号1352467B [因为an+1=2an-n+1,设an+1+x(n+1)+y=2(an+xn+y),化简得an+1=2an+xn+y-x,对比原式解方程组得x=-1,y=0,即an+1-(n+1)=2(an-n),所以=2,即数列{an-n}是以a1-1=2为首项,2为公比的等比数列,则an-n=2·2n-1=2n,所以an=2n+n.故选B.]题号1352467二、多项选择题3.(2025·平顶山期末)已知数列{an}的首项a1=,且满足an+1=,则( )A.a3=B.数列为等比数列C.数列的前n项和为Sn=n+2D.数列{an}的通项公式为an=√√题号1352467AB [由an+1=-1=,又a1=-1=,∴数列为公比的等比数列,选项B正确;∴-1=+1=,∴an=,则a3=,选项A正确,选项D错误;∵+1,∴Sn=+n=+n=n+1-,选项C错误.故选AB.]题号13524674.(2025·运城月考)已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且满足a1=1,a2=3,an+1=3an-2an-1(n≥2),则下列说法正确的有( )A.数列{an+1-an}为等差数列B.数列{an+1-2an}为等比数列C.an=2n-1D.Sn=2n+1-n-2√√√题号1352467BCD [已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且满足a1=1,a2=3,an+1=3an-2an-1 (n≥2),所以an+1-an=2(an-an-1),则{an+1-an}是首项为a2-a1=2,公比为2的等比数列,故A错误;由an+1=3an-2an-1得an+1-2an=an-2an-1,a2-2a1=1,所以数列{an+1-2an}是首项为1,公比为1的等比数列,故B正确;因为an+1-an=2n,所以an=a1+(a2-a1)+(a3-a2)+…+(an-an-1)=1+2+4+…+2n-1==2n-1,故C正确;Sn=(2+22+23+…+2n)-n=-n=2n+1-n-2,故D正确.故选BCD.]题号1352467三、填空题5.(人教A版选择性必修第二册P41习题4.3T8)若数列{an}的首项a1=1,且满足an+1=2an+1,则数列{an}的通项公式为______________,前10项和为______________. an=2n-1 2 036 [因为an+1=2an+1,所以an+1+1=2(an+1),所以{an+1}是首项为2,公比为2的等比数列,所以an+1=2×2n-1=2n,即an=2n-1,所以S10=a1+a2+…+a10=2+22+…+210-10=-10=2 036.]an=2n-12 036题号13524676.(2026·长沙开福区模拟)在数列{an}中,a1=4,an+1=5an+2×5n,n∈N*,则数列{an}的通项公式为___________________. an=2(n+1)·5n-1 [在数列{an}中,a1=4,an+1=5an+2×5n,n∈N*,等式两边同时除以5n+1,可得,设bn=,则bn+1=bn+,所以数列{bn}是首项为的等差数列.由等差数列的通项公式可得bn=(n-1)=,an=5nbn=2(n+1)·5n-1.]an=2(n+1)·5n-1题号1352467四、解答题7.已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a1=3,Sn=2+an+1.(1)证明:数列{Sn-2}为等比数列;(2)记数列的前n项和为Tn,证明:Tn<2.题号1352467[证明] (1)因为Sn=2+an+1=2+(Sn+1-Sn),所以2Sn=Sn+1+2,所以Sn+1-2=2(Sn-2),因为S1-2≠0,所以Sn-2≠0,=2,故数列{Sn-2}为等比数列,首项为S1-2=1,公比为2.(2)由(1)可知Sn-2=2n-1,所以,所以Tn<1++…+=2<2.谢谢!课时作业(四十七) 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课)一、单项选择题1.(2026·南昌模拟)已知数列{an}满足:a1=1,an+1=,则下列说法正确的是( )A.a10= B.an=2-nC.{an}有最大值 D.{an}不是单调数列2.已知数列{an}满足an+1=2an-n+1(n∈N*),a1=3,则an=( )A.2n-n B.2n+nC.2n-1 D.2n+1二、多项选择题3.(2025·平顶山期末)已知数列{an}的首项a1=,且满足an+1=,则( )A.a3=B.数列为等比数列C.数列的前n项和为Sn=n+2D.数列{an}的通项公式为an=4.(2025·运城月考)已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且满足a1=1,a2=3,an+1=3an-2an-1(n≥2),则下列说法正确的有( )A.数列{an+1-an}为等差数列 B.数列{an+1-2an}为等比数列C.an=2n-1 D.Sn=2n+1-n-2三、填空题5.(人教A版选择性必修第二册P41习题4.3T8)若数列{an}的首项a1=1,且满足an+1=2an+1,则数列{an}的通项公式为________,前10项和为________.6.(2026·长沙开福区模拟)在数列{an}中,a1=4,an+1=5an+2×5n,n∈N*,则数列{an}的通项公式为________.四、解答题7.(13分)已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,a1=3,Sn=2+an+1.(1)证明:数列{Sn-2}为等比数列;(2)记数列的前n项和为Tn,证明:Tn<2.课时作业(四十七)1.C [由a1=1,an+1=,可得an+1+1=,即,又,所以数列的等差数列,即n,即an=-1,可得a10=-,故AB错误;由{an}是递减数列,可得数列{an}有最大值,且为a1=1,故C正确,D错误.故选C.]2.B [因为an+1=2an-n+1,设an+1+x(n+1)+y=2(an+xn+y),化简得an+1=2an+xn+y-x,对比原式解方程组得x=-1,y=0,即an+1-(n+1)=2(an-n),所以=2,即数列{an-n}是以a1-1=2为首项,2为公比的等比数列,则an-n=2·2n-1=2n,所以an=2n+n.故选B.]3.AB [由an+1=-1=,又a1=-1=,∴数列为公比的等比数列,选项B正确;∴-1=,即+1=,∴an=,则a3=,选项A正确,选项D错误;∵+1,∴Sn=+n=×+n=n+1-,选项C错误.故选AB.]4.BCD [已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且满足a1=1,a2=3,an+1=3an-2an-1(n≥2),所以an+1-an=2(an-an-1),则{an+1-an}是首项为a2-a1=2,公比为2的等比数列,故A错误;由an+1=3an-2an-1得an+1-2an=an-2an-1,a2-2a1=1,所以数列{an+1-2an}是首项为1,公比为1的等比数列,故B正确;因为an+1-an=2n,所以an=a1+(a2-a1)+(a3-a2)+…+(an-an-1)=1+2+4+…+2n-1==2n-1,故C正确;Sn=(2+22+23+…+2n)-n=-n=2n+1-n-2,故D正确.故选BCD.]5.an=2n-1 2 036 [因为an+1=2an+1,所以an+1+1=2(an+1),所以{an+1}是首项为2,公比为2的等比数列,所以an+1=2×2n-1=2n,即an=2n-1,所以S10=a1+a2+…+a10=2+22+…+210-10=-10=2 036.]6.an=2(n+1)·5n-1 [在数列{an}中,a1=4,an+1=5an+2×5n,n∈N*,等式两边同时除以5n+1,可得,设bn=,则bn+1=bn+,所以数列{bn}是首项为的等差数列.由等差数列的通项公式可得bn=(n-1)=,an=5nbn=2(n+1)·5n-1.]7.证明:(1)因为Sn=2+an+1=2+(Sn+1-Sn),所以2Sn=Sn+1+2,所以Sn+1-2=2(Sn-2),因为S1-2≠0,所以Sn-2≠0,=2,故数列{Sn-2}为等比数列,首项为S1-2=1,公比为2.(2)由(1)可知Sn-2=2n-1,所以,所以Tn<1++…+=2<2.1 / 2 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 第六章 第47课时 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课).docx 第六章 第47课时 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课).pptx 课时作业47 由数列的递推关系求通项公式(进阶课).docx