2025-2026学年人教版七年级下学期英语-语法句法汇总

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2025-2026学年人教版七年级下学期英语-语法句法汇总

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JUNIOR ENGLISH
七年级英语
知识点汇总大全
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人教版 七年级下册 安徽省专用
8大单元 全知识点覆盖
词汇 短语 句型批注 语法精讲 书信范文 中考对接
适用对象:安徽省七年级学生
2026年5月 编制
目 录
目 录 2
前言与使用说明 4
Unit 1 Animal Friends(动物朋友) 5
1.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 5
1.2 重点短语 5
1.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 5
1.4 语法精讲:情态动词 can 6
[单元总结与作文范文] 7
Unit 2 No Rules, No Order(没有规矩,不成方圆) 8
2.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 8
2.2 重点短语 8
2.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 8
2.4 语法精讲:祈使句与 if 条件句 9
[单元总结与作文范文] 10
Unit 3 Keep Fit(保持健康) 11
3.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 11
3.2 重点短语 11
3.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 11
3.4 语法精讲:频率副词与名词性物主代词 12
[单元总结与作文范文] 13
Unit 4 Eat Well(吃得好) 14
4.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 14
4.2 重点短语 14
4.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 14
4.4 语法精讲:可数名词与不可数名词 15
[单元总结与作文范文] 15
Unit 5 Here and Now(此时此地) 17
5.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 17
5.2 重点短语 17
5.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 17
5.4 语法精讲:现在进行时 18
[单元总结与作文范文] 18
Unit 6 Rain or Shine(无论晴雨) 20
6.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 20
6.2 重点短语 20
6.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 20
6.4 语法精讲:现在进行时 vs 一般现在时 21
[单元总结与作文范文] 21
Unit 7 A Day to Remember(难忘的一天) 23
7.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 23
7.2 重点短语 23
7.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 23
7.4 语法精讲:一般过去时(上) 24
[单元总结与作文范文] 24
Unit 8 Once Upon a Time(从前) 26
8.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序) 26
8.2 重点短语 26
8.3 重点句型(含成分批注) 26
8.4 语法精讲:一般过去时(下)+ 否定疑问句 27
[单元总结与作文范文] 28
语法专题总复习 29
专题一:三大时态对比总表 29
专题二:情态动词总汇 29
专题三:特殊句型总复习 29
附录一:不规则动词表(七年级下必背) 30
附录二:七年级下核心短语速查表 33
附录三:中考常见题型解题技巧 34
前言与使用说明
本书依据教育部《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》及人教版(PEP)2024新版七年级下册英语教材编写,适用于安徽省全体七年级学生。安徽省初中统一使用人教版英语教材,本书内容与课堂教学完全同步。
【本书特色】
★ 四维一体:每单元涵盖 [重点词汇 — 重点短语 — 重点句型(含成分批注) — 语法精讲] 四大板块
★ 彩色标注:重点单词红色、语法蓝色、成分批注紫色,一目了然
★ 句型批注:逐句表格化分析结构,标注主谓宾定状补等成分
★ 书信范文:每单元一篇中考书信类作文范文,80-100词,提供实用模板
★ 附录全面:不规则动词表、核心短语速查、初中解题技巧
【使用建议】
1. 课前用"词汇+短语"部分预习,课后用"句型+语法"部分巩固
2. 红色标注为重点必考内容,橙色标注为易错点,紫色为成分分析
3. 每单元末有"书信作文范文",建议模仿写作,提升书面表达能力
4. 附录部分适合考前突击复习和快速查找
Unit 1 Animal Friends(动物朋友)
单元主题:动物朋友 — 学习描述动物特征、表达对动物的喜爱,掌握情态动词 can
1.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
beautiful 美丽的 adj. lovely 可爱的 adj.
carefully 细心地 adv. panda 熊猫 n.
clever 聪明的 adj. penguin 企鹅 n.
cute 可爱的 adj. pick 捡起;挑选 v.
danger 危险 n. protect 保护 v.
eagle 雕;鹰 n. save 挽救;保存 v.
feed 喂养;喂食 v. scary 吓人的 adj.
fox 狐狸 n. shark 鲨鱼 n.
friendly 友好的 adj. snake 蛇 n.
gently 温柔地 adv. symbol 象征 n.
giraffe 长颈鹿 n. ugly 丑陋的 adj.
huge 巨大的 adj. whale 鲸 n.
wolf 狼 (pl.wolves) n.
1.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
care for 关爱;照顾 look after / take care of
pick up 捡起;拾起 pick it up (代词放中间)
stand close together 紧挨在一起站着 keep warm 保暖
in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险
all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of
cut down 砍倒;减少
made of 由……制成(可见材料) made from (不可见材料)
a symbol of ……的象征
1.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① What does it look like
它长什么样?
[结构] 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语
单词/短语 成分 说明
What 疑问词(宾语) 提问"什么样"
does 助动词 主语 it 为三单,帮助构成疑问
it 主语 指代动物
look like 谓语(系动词+介词) 意为"看起来像"
[考点] look like 询问外貌特征;be like 询问性格特征。注意区别!
② My favorite animal is the panda because it is cute and friendly.
我最喜欢的动物是熊猫,因为它可爱又友好。
[结构] 主从复合句:主句(S+V+P) + because 原因状语从句
单词/短语 成分 说明
My favorite animal 主语(名词短语) My 为定语,修饰 favorite animal
is 系动词(谓语)
the panda 表语
because 从属连词 引导原因状语从句
it is cute and friendly 从句(S+V+P) it(主)+is(系)+cute and friendly(表)
[考点] because 引导原因状语从句,because 后面必须是完整句子,不能只有名词!
③ Why don't you like snakes
你为什么不喜欢蛇?
[结构] Why don't you + 动词原形?= 询问原因 / 提建议
单词/短语 成分 说明
Why 疑问副词 提问原因
don't (= do not) 助动词否定式
you 主语
like 谓语动词(及物)
snakes 宾语(名词复数)
[考点] Why don't you... = Why not... 常用于提建议。Why not + 动词原形。
④ We should protect wild animals from danger.
我们应该保护野生动物远离危险。
[结构] 主语 + 情态动词 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 介词短语
单词/短语 成分 说明
We 主语
should 情态动词 表示"应该",后接动词原形
protect 谓语动词 protect...from... 为固定搭配
wild animals 宾语 wild (形) 修饰 animals
from danger 介词短语(状语) 表示"远离危险"
[考点] should 后必须接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。
1.4 语法精讲:情态动词 can
一、基本用法
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + can + 动词原形 I can swim. 我会游泳。
否定句 主语 + cannot / can't + 动词原形 She can't speak French.
一般疑问句 Can + 主语 + 动词原形? Can you play the guitar
肯定回答 Yes, 主语 + can. Yes, I can.
否定回答 No, 主语 + can't. No, I can't.
二、can 与 be able to 的区别
can 只有现在式(can)和过去式(could);表示将来或完成时需用 be able to。
例:I will be able to drive next year.(明年我就能开车了。)
安徽中考听力/单选常考 can 的问答。注意:can 问 can 答,不可用 do/does 代替。
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 情态动词 can 三句式:肯定 can + 动原;否定 can't + 动原;疑问 Can 提前。
~ 询问外貌:What does it look like 询问喜好:What's your favorite animal
~ 表达原因:because + 完整句子;表达方式:by + doing。
[主题作文范文] A Letter About My Favorite Animal (书信(介绍信))
Dear Tom,
How are you I want to tell you about my favorite animal.
I like pandas best. They are black and white and look very cute. Pandas can climb trees and swim well. They live in China and eat bamboo every day. They spend most of their time eating and sleeping in the mountains. I like them because they are friendly and gentle. Sadly, pandas are in danger now because people cut down too many forests. Without enough bamboo, they cannot find enough food. We should protect them and their homes. Let's work together to save these lovely animals.
What is your favorite animal Please write and tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式完整:称呼 → 正文 → 结束语 → 署名
~ 使用 can 描述能力:can climb trees and swim well
~ because 从句表达原因
~ 结尾用问句邀请回复,符合书信交流特点
Unit 2 No Rules, No Order(没有规矩,不成方圆)
单元主题:校规与秩序 — 学习谈论规则、表达义务与禁止,掌握祈使句与 if 条件句
2.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
absent 缺席的 adj. noise 噪音 n.
arrive 到达 v. order 秩序;顺序 n.
belt 安全带;腰带 n. polite 有礼貌的 adj.
break 打破;违反 v. quiet 安静的 adj.
follow 遵循;跟随 v. respect 尊敬;尊重 v.
hallway 走廊 n. rule 规则;规章 n.
lend 借给;借出 v. strict 严格的 adj.
litter 垃圾 n. treat 对待;招待 v.
mobile phone 手机 n. uniform 校服;制服 n.
wear 穿;戴 v.
2.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
follow the rules 遵守规则 break the rules 违反规则
arrive late for 迟到 = be late for
on time 准时 in time 及时
listen to 听…… listen to music 听音乐
be quiet 保持安静 keep quiet
in the hallway 在走廊里 in the classroom
wear a uniform 穿校服 put on 穿上(动作)
fight with 与……打架 argue with 与……争吵
bring...to... 把……带到…… take...to... 把……带去
have to 不得不(客观需要) must(主观必须)
make one's bed 整理床铺
on school days 在上学日 on weekdays
2.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① Don't run in the hallways.
不要在走廊里跑。
[结构] 祈使句否定式:Don't + 动词原形 + 其他
单词/短语 成分 说明
Don't (= Do not) 助动词否定形式 放在句首表示禁止
run 谓语动词(原形)
in the hallways 地点状语(介词短语)
[考点] 祈使句主语 you 省略,否定直接在句首加 Don't。
② We must be on time for class.
我们必须准时上课。
[结构] 主语 + 情态动词 must + 系动词 + 表语 + 状语
单词/短语 成分 说明
We 主语
must 情态动词 表示"必须"(主观义务),语气比 have to 强
be 系动词 跟在 must 后用原形
on time 介词短语作表语
for class 介词短语作状语 说明目的
[考点] must 表示主观义务;have to 表示客观需要(不得不),注意区分。
③ I have to get up early every morning.
我每天早上不得不早起。
[结构] 主语 + have to + 动词原形 + 状语
单词/短语 成分 说明
I 主语
have to 情态动词短语 表示客观需要("不得不")
get up 谓语(动词短语)
early 副词作状语 修饰 get up
every morning 时间状语(频率)
[考点] have to 有人称、数和时态的变化(has to / had to)。must 没有。
④ If you break the rules, the teacher will be angry.
如果你违反规则,老师会生气。
[结构] if 条件句(主将从现):If + 一般现在时,主句 will + 动词原形
单词/短语 成分 说明
If 从属连词 引导条件状语从句
you break the rules 从句(主谓宾) 一般现在时代替将来时
the teacher 主句主语
will be 主句谓语(will + 原形) 将来时
angry 形容词作表语
[考点] if 从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用 will/can。这是安徽中考必考点!
2.4 语法精讲:祈使句与 if 条件句
一、祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
类型 结构 例句
肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Sit down, please. 请坐。
否定祈使句 Don't + 动词原形 + 其他 Don't talk in class.
Let 祈使句 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Let me help you.
No + 名词/动名词 No + 名词/动名词 No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
二、if 条件句(第一条件句)
结构:If + 一般现在时,主语 + will/can + 动词原形(主将从现)
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我就待在家。)
安徽中考单选常考"主将从现":if 从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用 will/can。
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 祈使句:肯定用动词原形开头;否定用 Don't + 动原。
~ 规则表达:must(主观必须)/ have to(客观需要)/ can(允许)/ can't(禁止)
~ if 条件句:主将从现(if 从句用现在时,主句用将来/情态)
[主题作文范文] A Letter to a New Student (书信(建议信))
Dear Li Ming,
Welcome to our school! I am writing to tell you about our school rules.
First, we must wear school uniforms every day because they make us look tidy and united. Second, don't run in the hallways because it is dangerous. Third, we have to keep quiet in the library. Please turn off your mobile phone when you are there. Also, we should be polite to all the teachers and classmates. If you follow these rules, you will have a great time here.
I hope you will enjoy your new school life. If you have any questions, please let me know.
Yours,
Wang Fang
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式完整,语气友善
~ 使用 First / Second / Third 顺序词,结构清晰
~ 使用了 must / don't / have to 三种不同的规则表达方式
~ if 条件句展示"主将从现":If you follow..., you will...
Unit 3 Keep Fit(保持健康)
单元主题:保持健康 — 学习谈论运动频率、所属关系,掌握频率副词与名词性物主代词
3.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
active 活跃的;积极的 adj. health 健康 n.
badminton 羽毛球 n. jump rope 跳绳 n.
baseball 棒球 n. maybe 也许;可能 adv.
belong 属于 v. practice 练习;实践 v./n.
energy 精力;能量 n. seldom 很少 adv.
exercise 锻炼;练习 n./v. sleepy 困倦的 adj.
fit 健康的;适合的 adj. sport 运动 n.
football 足球 n. start 开始;启动 v.
hardly 几乎不 adv. team 队;组 n.
volleyball 排球 n.
3.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
keep fit / healthy 保持健康 stay healthy
do sports / exercise 做运动 take exercise
play badminton 打羽毛球 球类前不加 the
jump rope 跳绳 skip rope (英式)
how often 多久一次 询问频率
belong to 属于 不可用进行时
hardly ever 几乎不 ≈ seldom
at the start 在开始的时候 at the beginning
wake up 醒来;叫醒 get up 起床
a few times 几次 a few 修饰可数名词
3.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① How often do you do sports or exercise
你多久做一次运动?
[结构] 特殊疑问句:How often + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
单词/短语 成分 说明
How often 疑问短语 询问频率
do (助动词) 帮助构成疑问
you 主语
do (实义动词) 谓语
sports or exercise 宾语(并列名词)
[考点] how often 回答用频率副词或次数:once a week, every day 等。
② Whose T-shirt does this belong to
这件T恤是谁的?
[结构] 特殊疑问句:Whose + 名词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 介词?
单词/短语 成分 说明
Whose 疑问代词(所有格) 提问"谁的"
T-shirt 名词 与 Whose 构成名词短语
does 助动词 主语 this 为三单
this 主语
belong to 谓语动词短语 to 是介词,不可省略
[考点] belong to 不可用于进行时;等于 be + 名词性物主代词(= is + mine/yours...)。
③ I seldom do sports, but I often play badminton.
我很少运动,但经常打羽毛球。
[结构] 并列句:分句1 + but + 分句2
单词/短语 成分 说明
I 主语
seldom 频率副词(状语) 位于实义动词前
do sports 谓语+宾语
but 并列连词 表转折
often play badminton 分句2(状+谓+宾) play 球类前不加 the
[考点] 频率副词位置规则:be 后实前(be 动词之后,实义动词之前)。
3.4 语法精讲:频率副词与名词性物主代词
一、频率副词
频率副词 频率 中文 例句
always 100% 总是 He always gets up early.
usually 80% 通常 I usually go to school by bus.
often 60% 经常 She often watches TV.
sometimes 40% 有时 We sometimes eat out.
seldom 20% 很少 He seldom plays sports.
hardly ever 5% 几乎不 I hardly ever eat junk food.
never 0% 从不 She never smokes.
二、名词性物主代词
人称 形容词性 名词性 中文
第一人称单数 my mine 我的
第二人称单数 your yours 你的
第三人称单数 his / her / its his / hers / its 他/她/它的
第一人称复数 our ours 我们的
第二人称复数 your yours 你们的
第三人称复数 their theirs 他们的
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。This book is mine. = This is my book. 安徽中考单选高频考点!
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 频率副词位置:be 后实前(be 动词后、实义动词前)。
~ 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词(后面不接名词)。
~ how often 问频率 → 用频率副词或次数短语回答。
[主题作文范文] A Letter About Keeping Fit (书信(建议信))
Dear Mike,
You asked me how to keep fit. Here is some advice for you.
First, you should do sports three or four times a week. You can play basketball, swim or just go jogging. Second, try to eat more vegetables and fruit, and eat less junk food. Third, don't stay up late — enough sleep is very important.
I hope my advice can help you. Let's keep fit together!
Yours,
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信建议格式:称呼 → 问题回顾 → 建议 → 希望 → 署名
~ 使用 First / Second / Third 结构清晰
~ should / can / don't 多种情态表达
~ 频率表达:three or four times a week
Unit 4 Eat Well(吃得好)
单元主题:饮食健康 — 学习食物分类、可数与不可数名词,掌握 would like 用法
4.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
beef 牛肉 n.[U] menu 菜单 n.
bread 面包 n.[U] milk 牛奶 n.[U]
cabbage 卷心菜 n. noodle 面条(常用pl.) n.
carrot 胡萝卜 n. onion 洋葱 n.
chicken 鸡肉[U]/鸡[C] n. porridge 粥 n.[U]
coffee 咖啡 n.[U] rice 米饭;大米 n.[U]
cookie 饼干 n. salad 沙拉 n.
delicious 美味的 adj. soup 汤 n.[U]
dumpling 饺子 n. strawberry 草莓 n.
fish 鱼肉[U]/鱼[C] n. sugar 糖 n.[U]
fresh 新鲜的 adj. tasty 可口的 adj.
hungry 饥饿的 adj. vegetable 蔬菜 n.
juice 果汁 n.[U] watermelon 西瓜 n.
4.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
would like (sb.) to do 想要(某人)做 = want (sb.) to do
would like + n. 想要某物 = want + n.
a bowl of 一碗 后接不可数名词
a piece of 一块/片 a piece of bread
a glass of 一杯 a glass of milk
eat well 吃得好 eat healthily
take one's order 点菜
be good for 对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害
too much 太多(修饰不可数) too many(修饰可数)
green vegetables 绿色蔬菜
go with 与……搭配
4.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① I'd like a bowl of noodles with beef and tomatoes.
我想要一碗牛肉番茄面。
[结构] 主语 + would like + 宾语 + with 介词短语(后置定语)
单词/短语 成分 说明
I 主语
'd like (= would like) 谓语 表示"想要",比 want 更礼貌
a bowl of noodles 宾语(量词短语+名词)
with beef and tomatoes 介词短语(后置定语) 修饰 noodles
[考点] would like = want,但更礼貌。would like 后可接 to do 或名词。
② Eating too much sugar is bad for your health.
吃太多糖对你的健康有害。
[结构] 动名词短语作主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 状语
单词/短语 成分 说明
Eating too much sugar 动名词短语(主语) 整体视为单数,谓语用 is
Eating 动名词
too much sugar 动名词的宾语 too much 修饰不可数名词
is 系动词 主语为动名词短语,用单数
bad for your health 表语+状语
[考点] 动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。这是中考高频考点!
③ What kind of noodles would you like
你想要哪种面条?
[结构] 特殊疑问句:What kind of + 名词 + would + 主语 + 动词?
单词/短语 成分 说明
What kind of 疑问短语 提问种类(后接名词)
noodles 名词 与 What kind of 构成疑问短语
would 情态动词 would like 固定搭配的一部分
you like 主语+谓语
[考点] What kind of + 名词可数或不可数均可,回答常用量词或具体种类。
4.4 语法精讲:可数名词与不可数名词
一、可数 vs 不可数
类别 可数名词(C) 不可数名词(U)
食物 egg, apple, dumpling, cookie rice, bread, meat, milk, sugar
液体 — water, juice, coffee, soup, tea
抽象 idea, question, answer information, advice, news, music
二、既可数又不可数的名词
chicken:鸡肉[U] / 鸡[C] fish:鱼肉[U] / 鱼[C] paper:纸[U] / 论文[C] glass:玻璃[U] / 玻璃杯[C]
安徽中考高频考点:too many + 可数复数 / too much + 不可数 / much too + 形容词。
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 可数名词:有复数,可加 a/an 或数词。不可数名词:无复数,用量词表示数量。
~ would like = want(但 would like to do 更礼貌正式)。
~ There be 就近原则:最近名词决定 be 的单复数。
[主题作文范文] A Letter About Healthy Eating (书信(建议信))
Dear Anna,
I heard that you want to eat more healthily. Let me share some tips with you.
First, drink a glass of milk and eat an egg for breakfast — it gives you energy. For lunch, have a bowl of rice with some vegetables and fish. For dinner, don't eat too much. Some porridge and fruit are good choices. Also, drink more water and less cola.
I hope these tips help you. Eat well and stay healthy!
Yours,
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式,语气亲切
~ 正确使用量词:a glass of, a bowl of, some
~ 区分可数(egg)和不可数(milk, rice, porridge)
~ 使用 would like 委婉表达
Unit 5 Here and Now(此时此地)
单元主题:此时此地 — 学习现在进行时,描述正在发生的动作
5.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
call 打电话;呼叫 v. ride 骑;乘坐 v.
camera 相机 n. send 发送;寄 v.
drive 驾驶;开车 v. skate 滑冰 v.
enjoy 享受;喜欢 v. stay 停留;待 v.
message 消息;信息 n. swim 游泳(swimming) v.
miss 想念;错过 v. take photos 拍照 v.
newspaper 报纸 n. text 发短信 v.
online 在线的 adj. voice 嗓音;声音 n.
post 发布;邮寄 v. wait 等待 v.
wash 洗 v.
5.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
take a message 捎口信 leave a message 留言
call (sb.) back 回电话
right now 此刻;马上 = at the moment
wait for 等待 wait for sb./sth.
talk on the phone 打电话交谈 on the phone = 在通话中
listen to music 听音乐
read a newspaper 看报纸
do homework 做作业
take photos 拍照 take a photo of...
not much 没什么(口语) = nothing much
5.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① What are you doing right now
你现在正在做什么?
[结构] 现在进行时特殊疑问句:What + be + 主语 + V-ing?
单词/短语 成分 说明
What 疑问词 提问动作内容
are be 动词 与主语 you 配合
you 主语
doing 现在分词(谓语) do 的 -ing 形式
right now 时间状语 现在进行时的标志词
[考点] 现在进行时 = be (am/is/are) + V-ing。标志词:now, right now, Listen!, Look!
② I'm washing my clothes at home.
我正在家里洗衣服。
[结构] 现在进行时肯定句:主语 + be + V-ing + 宾语 + 地点状语
单词/短语 成分 说明
I 主语
'm (= am) be 动词
washing 现在分词 wash 直接加 -ing
my clothes 宾语 my 为形容词性物主代词
at home 地点状语
[考点] 现在进行时缺 be 是安徽中考最常见错误!He playing (×) → He is playing (√)
③ I'm not doing homework. I'm reading a book.
我没在做作业。我在看书。
[结构] 并列句:否定句 + 肯定句
单词/短语 成分 说明
I'm not am not 的缩写 否定式:be + not
doing homework V-ing + 宾语
I'm reading am + V-ing(肯定式)
a book 宾语
[考点] 否定在 be 后加 not:am not / isn't / aren't。V-ing 不变。
5.4 语法精讲:现在进行时
一、构成:be (am/is/are) + 动词-ing(现在分词)
二、现在分词变化规则
规则 原形 现在分词
一般直接加 -ing play, read, wash playing, reading, washing
以不发音 e 结尾,去 e + ing make, drive, skate making, driving, skating
重读闭音节,双写尾字母 + ing swim, run, sit, shop swimming, running, sitting
以 ie 结尾,变 ie 为 y + ing die, lie, tie dying, lying, tying
三、时间标志词:now, right now, at the moment, Listen!, Look!, these days
安徽中考最常见错误:漏掉 be 动词!He playing football. (×) → He is playing football. (√)
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 现在进行时 = be (am/is/are) + V-ing。缺 be 是安徽中考最常见错误!
~ -ing 规则:直接加 / 去 e 加 / 双写加。
~ 标志词:now, right now, Look!, Listen!, at the moment。
[主题作文范文] A Letter About What I Am Doing (书信(描述信))
Dear Grandma,
How are you I am writing to tell you what we are doing now.
It is Sunday afternoon and everyone is busy at home. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen — it smells great! Dad is reading a newspaper on the sofa. My little brother is playing with his toy car. I am doing my homework in my bedroom. We are all having a good time. I miss you very much!
Yours
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式给家人,语气温馨自然
~ 整段全部使用现在进行时:am writing, is cooking, is reading, is playing, am doing
~ 每个句子都有 be + V-ing 完整结构
~ am writing, smells, miss 展示不同动词形态
Unit 6 Rain or Shine(无论晴雨)
单元主题:天气 — 对比现在进行时与一般现在时,学习天气表达
6.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
blow 吹;刮风 v. shine 照耀;发光 v.
cloud 云 n. snow 雪;下雪 n./v.
cloudy 多云的 adj. snowy 下雪的 adj.
cold 寒冷的 adj. storm 暴风雨 n.
cool 凉爽的 adj. sunny 晴朗的 adj.
degree 度;度数 n. temperature 温度 n.
dry 干燥的 adj. weather 天气 n.
hot 炎热的 adj. wet 潮湿的 adj.
rain 雨;下雨 n./v. wind 风 n.
rainy 下雨的 adj. windy 有风的 adj.
6.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
rain or shine 无论晴雨;风雨无阻
right now / at the moment 此刻(进行时标志)
every day / on Sundays 每天/周日(一般现在时标志)
take an umbrella 带伞
weather report / forecast 天气预报
stay at home 待在家里 stay indoors
go out 外出 go outside
wear warm clothes 穿暖和的衣服
right now vs. usually 此刻 vs. 通常 核心区别标志
6.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① How is the weather in Beijing / What's the weather like
北京的天气怎么样?
[结构] 询问天气的两种句型(可互换)
单词/短语 成分 说明
How is the weather... How(疑问副词)+is(系动)+weather(主)
What's the weather like... What(疑问代词)+is+weather+like(介)
in Beijing 地点状语
[考点] 回答:It is sunny/rainy/windy/hot/cold.(It 指代天气)这是中考听力必考!
② It often snows in winter here, but today it is sunny.
这里冬天经常下雪,但今天是晴天。
[结构] 对比句:一般现在时(习惯)+ but + 一般现在时(此刻事实)
单词/短语 成分 说明
It 主语(天气) 指代所在地点
often snows 一般现在时谓语 often 频率副词 + 三单 snows
in winter 季节状语
but 转折连词 对比两种时态/状态
today it is sunny 一般现在时 描述今天的状态
[考点] 一般现在时表经常性/习惯性;对比同一主语不同时间的状态。
③ The wind is blowing strongly and the trees are shaking.
风正猛烈地吹,树在摇晃。
[结构] 并列句:两个现在进行时用 and 连接
单词/短语 成分 说明
The wind 主语
is blowing be + V-ing(现在进行时) blow 直接加 -ing
strongly 副词作状语 修饰 blowing
and 并列连词
the trees are shaking 第二个进行时分句 shake 去 e 加 -ing
[考点] 两个并列的现在进行时句子用 and 连接,前后时态一致。
6.4 语法精讲:现在进行时 vs 一般现在时
对比维度 一般现在时 现在进行时
用法 经常性/习惯性动作;事实真理 此刻正在发生的动作
结构 主语 + V/V-s 主语 + be + V-ing
标志词 usually, always, every day, often now, right now, Look!, Listen!
例1 He reads books every evening. He is reading a book now.
例2 It often rains in summer. It is raining outside.
安徽中考高频考点:看到 now/Listen/Look → 进行时;看到 usually/always/every day → 一般现在时。
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 一般现在时 = 习惯/真理;现在进行时 = 此刻/正在。
~ 天气表达:It is + 形容词(sunny, rainy, windy...)。
~ 标志词是关键:now/right now → 进行时;usually/every day → 一般现在时。
[主题作文范文] A Letter About the Weather (书信(描述信))
Dear Lucy,
Thanks for your letter. You asked about the weather in my city, so let me tell you.
It is spring now and the weather is warm and sunny. People often go to the park to fly kites or have picnics. Right now, it is raining a little outside, so I am staying at home. I am writing this letter and listening to music.
What is the weather like in your city Please write and tell me.
Yours,
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式,开头感谢来信,结尾邀请回复
~ 正确使用一般现在时 (often go) 描述习惯
~ 正确使用现在进行时 (is raining, am staying, am writing) 描述此刻
~ 两种时态在同一封信中自然切换
Unit 7 A Day to Remember(难忘的一天)
单元主题:难忘的一天 — 学习一般过去时(规则变化与常用不规则动词)
7.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
ago 以前 adv. lucky 幸运的 adj.
camp 露营;营地 n./v. museum 博物馆 n.
diary 日记 n. pick 摘;挑选 v.
enjoyable 令人愉快的 adj. remember 记住;想起 v.
excellent 极好的 adj. ride(rode,ridden) 骑 v.
excited 兴奋的(人) adj. scare 吓唬 v.
exciting 令人兴奋的 adj. special 特别的 adj.
farm 农场 n. spend(spent) 花费 v.
feed(fed) 喂养 v. terrible 糟糕的 adj.
firework 烟花 n. visit 参观;拜访 v.
grow(grew,grown) 种植;生长 v. worry 担心 v.
guide 导游;指南 n. yesterday 昨天 adv./n.
7.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
go camping 去露营 go + V-ing 表活动
take a trip 去旅行 = go on a trip
ride a horse 骑马 ride → rode
feed chickens 喂鸡 feed → fed
pick strawberries 摘草莓
come out 出来;出版
wake...up 把……叫醒 wake → woke
put up 搭建;张贴 put up a tent
stay up late 熬夜
shout at / to 对……喊叫 at 含怒意;to 为引起注意
learn about 了解…… learn about history
all in all 总而言之
7.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① I went to the museum with my classmates yesterday.
昨天我和同学去了博物馆。
[结构] 一般过去时:主语 + 过去式 + 地点 + 伴随 + 时间
单词/短语 成分 说明
I 主语
went 谓语(go 的过去式) 不规则变化
to the museum 方向状语
with my classmates 伴随状语
yesterday 时间状语 一般过去时标志词
[考点] 一般过去时标志词:yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 2020, just now。
② I didn't see any animals on the farm.
我在农场没看到任何动物。
[结构] 一般过去时否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 状语
单词/短语 成分 说明
I 主语
didn't (= did not) 助动词过去式否定
see 谓语动词原形 didn't 后必须用原形!
any animals 宾语 否定句中 some 变 any
on the farm 地点状语
[考点] didn't 后动词必须用原形!I didn't saw (×) → I didn't see (√) 中考改错最爱考!
③ He spent two hours doing his homework.
他花了两个小时做作业。
[结构] spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.
单词/短语 成分 说明
He 主语
spent 谓语(spend 过去式) 不规则变化
two hours 宾语(时间长度)
doing his homework 补语 doing 前省略了 in
[考点] spend...doing sth. / spend...on sth. 注意 spend 后不能用 to do。
7.4 语法精讲:一般过去时(上)
一、构成
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 I visited the zoo.
否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 I didn't visit the zoo.
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形? Did you visit the zoo
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形? What did you do
二、规则动词过去式变化
规则 例词
一般加 -ed play→played, visit→visited, walk→walked
以 e 结尾加 -d like→liked, live→lived, use→used
辅音+y,变 y 为 i+ed study→studied, carry→carried, worry→worried
重读闭音节,双写+ed stop→stopped, plan→planned, drop→dropped
didn't 后动词必须用原形!安徽中考改错题最爱考。He didn't went. (×) → He didn't go. (√)
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 一般过去时标志词:yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 2020。
~ 肯定句用动词过去式;否定/疑问用 didn't/Did + 动词原形。
~ 规则过去式 = 动词 + ed(注意四种变化规则)。
[主题作文范文] A Letter About an Unforgettable Day (书信(叙述信))
Dear Jack,
I want to tell you about my school trip last Sunday. It was really a day to remember!
We went to a farm near our city. The weather was great. First, we picked strawberries — they were big and sweet. Then we fed the chickens and rode horses. I felt a little scared at first, but it was exciting. We also took many photos. I felt tired but very happy.
Did you have a school trip Write and tell me about it.
Yours,
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式,开头引入话题,结尾邀请回复
~ 整段用一般过去时:went, was, picked, fed, rode, felt, took
~ 按时间顺序 First...Then...结构清晰
~ 不规则动词:went, fed, rode, felt, took
Unit 8 Once Upon a Time(从前)
单元主题:从前 — 讲故事,深入学习一般过去时(更多不规则动词)+ 否定疑问句
8.1 重点词汇(按首字母排序)
单词 中文 词性 单词 中文 词性
bear(bore,born) 熊;忍受 n./v. lose(lost) 丢失;输 v.
begin(began,begun) 开始 v. notice 注意到;通知 v./n.
brave 勇敢的 adj. piece 片;块;件 n.
clever 聪明的 adj. poor 贫穷的;可怜的 adj.
decide 决定 v. prince 王子 n.
dream 梦;梦想 n./v. promise 承诺 v./n.
finally 最后;终于 adv. rich 富有的 adj.
forest 森林 n. story 故事 n.
forget(forgot) 忘记 v. suddenly 突然地 adv.
gold 金子;金色的 n./adj. surprise 惊喜;使惊讶 n./v.
king 国王 n. wise 明智的 adj.
wonder 想知道;奇迹 v./n.
8.2 重点短语
短语 中文释义 相关/近义表达
once upon a time 从前 = long long ago
decide to do 决定做 = make a decision to do
begin to do / doing 开始做 begin → began → begun
forget to do 忘记要做(未做) forget doing 忘记做过
fall asleep 入睡;睡着了 fall → fell → fallen
go for a walk 去散步 take a walk
all over 遍及;到处 all over the world
look around 环顾四周
point at / to 指向 at 近指;to 远指
run away 跑开;逃跑 run → ran → run
in the end 最后;终于 = finally / at last
not...at all 一点也不 I don't like it at all.
8.3 重点句型(含成分批注)
① Once upon a time, there lived a king in a beautiful forest.
从前,在一个美丽的森林里住着一位国王。
[结构] 故事开头句:时间状语 + there + 过去式动词 + 主语 + 地点状语
单词/短语 成分 说明
Once upon a time 时间状语 故事开头固定表达
there 引导词
lived 谓语(过去式) live → lived 规则变化
a king 主语(倒装) 主语在动词后,文学语序
in a beautiful forest 地点状语
[考点] once upon a time = long long ago,故事开头必用过去时。
② Didn't you see the bear behind the tree
你没看到树后面的熊吗?
[结构] 否定疑问句(表惊讶):Didn't + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 状语?
单词/短语 成分 说明
Didn't (= Did not) 助动词过去式否定 提前到句首
you 主语
see 动词原形 didn't 后必须用原形
the bear 宾语
behind the tree 地点状语
[考点] 否定疑问句不表示真正的否定,而表示惊讶、确认或建议。回答按事实!Yes, I did.(不,我看到了。)
③ He was so surprised that he couldn't say a word.
他惊讶得说不出话来。
[结构] so...that... 结果状语从句
单词/短语 成分 说明
He 主语
was be 动词过去式
so surprised 表语 so 为程度副词修饰 surprised
that 从属连词 引导结果状语从句
he couldn't say a word 从句 he(主)+couldn't(情态)+say(动原)+a word(宾)
[考点] so...that... = such...that...(so + adj.;such + n.)。中考常见句型转换!
8.4 语法精讲:一般过去时(下)+ 否定疑问句
一、常用不规则动词过去式(本单元核心)
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
begin began begun 开始
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
feel felt felt 感觉
find found found 找到
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
hear heard heard 听到
lose lost lost 丢失
meet met met 遇见
run ran run 跑
say said said 说
sleep slept slept 睡觉
speak spoke spoken 说话
tell told told 告诉
think thought thought 想
write wrote written 写
二、否定疑问句
形式:Don't/Doesn't/Didn't + 主语 + 动词原形? 功能:表示惊讶、确认或建议。
例:Didn't you go to school yesterday (你昨天没去上学吗?)
回答注意:英语按事实回答,与中国习惯不同。
Yes, I did. (不,我去了。) No, I didn't. (是的,我没去。)
[单元总结与作文范文]
核心语法速记:
~ 更多不规则动词过去式需要单独记忆(见附录一完整列表)。
~ 否定疑问句 = 一般疑问句的否定形式,表惊讶/确认,回答按事实。
~ 故事类作文固定开头:Once upon a time / Long long ago + 一般过去时。
[主题作文范文] A Letter Telling a Short Story (书信(故事信))
Dear Amy,
I read an interesting story yesterday and I want to share it with you.
Once upon a time, there was a poor young man. One day, he found a golden key in the forest. He was very surprised and decided to find what it opened. He walked for a long time and finally found a small door in an old tree. He opened it and saw a box of gold. He became rich but never forgot to help others.
What do you think of the story I hope you like it!
Yours,
Li Hua
[范文亮点]
~ 书信格式分享故事,自然引入
~ Once upon a time 开头 + 全篇过去时
~ 丰富的不规则动词:was, found, saw, became, forgot
~ so...that... 和 decide to do 等结构
语法专题总复习
专题一:三大时态对比总表
时态 用法 结构 标志词 例句
一般现在时 习惯/事实 V/V-s usually, always, every day He reads every day.
现在进行时 此刻正在 be + V-ing now, Listen!, at the moment He is reading now.
一般过去时 过去发生 V-ed / 不规则 yesterday, last, ago He read yesterday.
口诀:一般现在 everyday,进行此刻别忘 be;过去发生用过去式,did/didn't 帮变句型。
专题二:情态动词总汇
情态动词 含义 用法要点 例句
can / can't 能/会;不能 后接动词原形;无人称变化 She can swim.
must 必须 主观义务;mustn't = 禁止 You must be on time.
have to 不得不 客观需要;有人称时态变化 I have to go now.
should 应该 建议;shouldn't = 不应该 You should study harder.
would like 想要 = want;更礼貌 I'd like some water.
专题三:特殊句型总复习
句型 结构 功能 例句
祈使句 (Don't) + 动词原形 命令/请求 Don't run!
if 条件句 If+现在时, 主句 will/can 条件推理 If it rains, I will stay.
There be There is/are + 物 + 地点 存在 There is a book on the desk.
Why don't you... Why don't you + 动词原形 提建议 Why don't you try
so...that... so + adj./adv. + that 从句 结果 He is so tired that he falls asleep.
spend...doing spend + 时间/金钱 + doing 花费 I spent 2 hours reading.
附录一:不规则动词表(七年级下必背)
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
be (am/is/are) was/were been 是
bear bore born 忍受;出生
become became become 成为
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹
break broke broken 打破
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建造
buy bought bought 买
catch caught caught 抓住
choose chose chosen 选择
come came come 来
cut cut cut 切
do did done 做
draw drew drawn 画
drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 驾驶
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
feed fed fed 喂养
feel felt felt 感觉
find found found 找到
fly flew flown 飞
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
get got got/gotten 得到
give gave given 给
go went gone 去
grow grew grown 生长
have/has had had 有
hear heard heard 听到
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
hide hid hidden 躲藏
keep kept kept 保持
know knew known 知道
leave left left 离开
lend lent lent 借出
lose lost lost 丢失
make made made 制作
mean meant meant 意思是
meet met met 遇见
pay paid paid 支付
put put put 放
read read /red/ read /red/ 读
ride rode ridden 骑
run ran run 跑
say said said 说
see saw seen 看到
sell sold sold 卖
send sent sent 发送
sing sang sung 唱
sit sat sat 坐
sleep slept slept 睡觉
speak spoke spoken 说话
spend spent spent 花费
stand stood stood 站立
swim swam swum 游泳
take took taken 拿
teach taught taught 教
tell told told 告诉
think thought thought 想
throw threw thrown 扔
原形 过去式 过去分词 中文
wake woke woken 醒来
wear wore worn 穿
write wrote written 写
附录二:七年级下核心短语速查表
单元 短语 中文释义
U4 a bowl of 一碗
U1 a symbol of ……的象征
U7 all in all 总而言之
U1 all kinds of 各种各样的
U2 arrive late for 迟到
U4 be good for 对……有好处
U2 be quiet 安静
U3 belong to 属于
U5 call back 回电话
U1 care for 关爱;照顾
U8 decide to do 决定做
U3 do sports 做运动
U4 eat well 吃得好
U8 fall asleep 入睡
U2 follow the rules 遵守规则
U7 go camping 去露营
U3 hardly ever 几乎不
U2 have to 不得不
U3 how often 多久一次
U1 in danger 处于危险中
U8 in the end 最后
U3 jump rope 跳绳
U3 keep fit 保持健康
U1 made of 由……制成
U8 not...at all 一点也不
U2 on time 准时
U8 once upon a time 从前
U1 pick up 捡起
U8 point at 指向
U6 rain or shine 无论晴雨
U7 ride a horse 骑马
U5 right now 此刻
U8 run away 跑开
U6 stay at home 待在家
U7 stay up late 熬夜
U5 take a message 捎口信
U7 take a trip 去旅行
U4 take one's order 点菜
U5 take photos 拍照
U4 too much 太多(U)
U5 wait for 等待
U2 wear a uniform 穿校服
U6 wear warm clothes 穿暖衣
U6 weather report 天气预报
U4 would like 想要
附录三:初中英语常见题型解题技巧
一、完形填空
三步法:① 通读全文,把握主旨大意(不看选项);② 逐句分析,根据上下文和语法选词;③ 代入检查,确保逻辑通顺。
高频考点:动词时态一致、固定搭配(spend...doing, decide to do 等)、上下文逻辑词(but, because, so)。
二、阅读理解
先读题干再读文章,带着问题找答案。细节题 → 定位关键词回原文;推断题 → 不选原文原句;主旨题 → 看首尾段。
安徽初中常考:细节理解题(约占60%)、推理判断题(约25%)、主旨大意题(约15%)。
三、短文填空/语法填空
① 看空格前后判断词性需求;② 注意时间标志确定时态;③ 检查主谓一致和固定搭配。
常考点:动词时态变化、名词单复数、形容词/副词转换、代词形式(主格/宾格/物主)。
四、书面表达(书信类)
① 审题:确定时态(过去/现在/将来)、人称、要点;② 书信格式:称呼 + 正文(80-100词) + 结束语 + 署名;③ 用连接词(First, Then, Finally, Because)让文章流畅;④ 检查:时态一致、主谓一致、拼写正确。
高分技巧:使用本书每个单元的书信范文中的好词好句,适当运用复合句(because, if, when, so...that)。中考书信作文保住基本分的关键:格式完整 + 要点齐全 + 书写工整!

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