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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末全真模拟培优卷译林版（新教材）
注意事项：
1．本试卷共七大题，满分120分（不含听力口语30分），考试用时100分钟；
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在相对应的位置上，并认真核对条形码上的准考号、姓名是否与本人的相符合；
3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定的位置上，不在答题区域内的答案一律无效，不得用其他笔答题。
第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
My name is Ahmed. I’m from Egypt. Last year, I had the chance to study in Canada for six months. It was my first time 1 a Western country, and I learned many valuable lessons about cultural differences.
Before I left, my mother gave me some 2 : “Always be polite and respect others, even if things seem strange to you.” I kept her words in my heart.
When I arrived in Toronto, everything felt so 3 . The weather was much colder than Cairo. People dressed differently and spoke English so fast. At first, I felt 4 and missed my family terribly.
The biggest challenge was the 5 . In Egypt, we eat with our hands or use bread to pick up food. Using a knife and fork was very difficult for me. I made a mess several times and felt 6 . But my host family was very patient. They encouraged me and even 7 me how to use them properly.
Another interesting thing was 8 . In Canada, people often say “sorry” and “thank you” many times a day. They also hold doors open for strangers. In Egypt, we are also polite, but in different ways. I learned that 9 cultures have different ways of showing respect.
By the end of my stay, I felt much more comfortable. I made good friends and even learned to love poutine, a Canadian dish! This experience taught me that although we come from different 10 , we share the same human feelings. I hope to visit more countries in the future.
1．A．visiting B．leaving C．missing D．building
2．A．stories B．questions C．advice D．problems
3．A．wonderful B．familiar C．strange D．exciting
4．A．happy B．excited C．lonely D．relaxed
5．A．language B．transportation C．weather D．food
6．A．proud B．embarrassed C．confident D．surprised
7．A．asked B．supported C．taught D．showed
8．A．politeness B．rudeness C．sadness D．happiness
9．A．similar B．different C．same D．easy
10．A．countries B．cities C．schools D．families
第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Traveling is a wonderful way to open our eyes, and Unit 10 talks about wonderful trips and traffic ways. Last summer vacation, I took a train trip to Chengdu with my parents, and it was an unforgettable experience.
We chose the high-speed train instead of the plane or the slow train. The ticket price was cheaper than air tickets, and the train station is in the city center, so we didn’t need to drive a long way to the airport. On the train, the seats were wide and soft. We could walk around the carriage, buy hot tea and snacks, and enjoy the countryside views outside the window. Green fields, small rivers and villages passed by slowly, which was much more relaxing than the boring flight.
When we arrived in Chengdu, we visited Jinli Ancient Street first. There were lots of traditional shops, Sichuan snacks and beautiful lanterns. We ate mapo tofu, spicy hot pot and long dumplings. They tasted amazing, even though they were very hot. The next day, we went to Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. We saw many cute pandas eating bamboo and playing on the grass. I took hundreds of photos of them.
On the third day, we took a bus to Dujiangyan Irrigation System. The guide told us that it was built thousands of years ago to control floods and water the farmland. It still works well today. I was shocked by the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
Later that day, we went back home by high-speed train. This trip taught me that taking trains is a great choice for short-distance travel. You can enjoy the journey instead of just rushing to the place. I hope I can take more train trips to different cities in the future.
11．How did the writer go to Chengdu
A．By plane. B．By high-speed train. C．By slow train. D．By bus.
12．What’s one advantage of the high-speed train
A．It is faster than planes
B．The station is in the city center
C．It has no snacks on it
D．The seats are narrow
13．What didn’t the writer do in Chengdu
A．Visit pandas.
B．Eat Sichuan food.
C．Watch a movie.
D．Visit Dujiangyan.
14．How long did they stay in Chengdu
A．Two days. B．Three days. C．Four days. D．Five days.
15．What does the writer think of train trips
A．Boring and slow.
B．Great for short trips.
C．More expensive than planes.
D．Not suitable for sightseeing.
B
Recently, Coeur d’Alene High School student Adeline Smith, 17, won the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes.
Each year, the Barron Prize honors 25 amazing young people aged 8-18 who have made a big positive difference to others, their communities and the environment. Fifteen top winners each receive $10,000 to help with their service work or higher education.
Adeline started a nonprofit (非营利性组织) called Growing the STEM. It created math and science programs for students in 14 Idaho schools that need help. In the past school year, her team brought in more than 100 teen volunteers to coach over 900 primary and middle school students in 45 after-school programs. Her programs include Mathletes, STEAM Club, Engineering Club. STEM Book Club, Math is Cool and Chess Club.
“I’ve realized that even a small effort can create an amazing snowball effect.” Adeline said “And I’ve learned my life’s purpose is to improve things for others.”
Each year, her team organizes a large trivia night fundraiser (筹款活动). The money helps pay for her nonprofit’s costs. Most of it is used to pay school teachers who direct the teen coaches.
Adeline got her idea in 2016 when she helped a fourth grader with math and realized the power of student-to-student help. The following year, she and her older sister Lilian started a math program and created an after-school math team to help students prepare for a math competition (竞赛).
Many years later, Growing the STEM continues to help girls and students from poor families in STEM studies and activities.
16．Why did Adeline win the Gloria Barron Prize
A．She donated lots of money to her community.
B．She made great efforts to protect the environment.
C．She created a nonprofit to help students learn STEM.
D．She helped poor students in getting higher education.
17．Who might be volunteers for Growing the STEM
①high school students skilled in engineering
②primary school students interested in science
③college teachers with years of experience
④middle school students good at math
A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④
18．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean
A．日积月累，功到自然。 B．千里之行，始于足下。
C．星星之火，可以燎原。 D．千里之堤，溃于蚁穴。
19．What is introduced about Growing the STEM in paragraph 6
A．Its early development. B．Its colorful programs.
C．Its great influence. D．Its future plan.
20．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found
A．Unit 1 Human and Nature B．Unit 2 Society and Charity
C．Unit 3 Art and Literature D．Unit 4 Travel and Transportation
C
In Shanghai, there is a small restaurant run by Bian Yong’ai. Outside it hangs a warm sign: “Free Egg Pancakes (煎饼) Here. If you have no money for food, take one for free. When life gets better, pass the kindness on.”
Bian has given away free pancakes for three years—cheap but delicious. Once, a couple asked for free ones. Bian joked, “Let me check if you have money on your phone!” The two laughed, for they had secretly paid for the pancakes to help her shop.
“Some people live a hard life. Being kind to them matters (重要) most for my shop,” Bian says. She’s not alone in her kindness. Last winter, a customer tried to pay 650 yuan for a cheap meal, wanting to use the extra (额外的) money to help others. Bian refused the extra cash and gave it back.
Small acts of kindness like these are not uncommon in Shanghai. They are like little lights, warming the city and making our life much warmer.
21．According to the passage, what is the key message on the sign outside Bian’s restaurant
A．“Free food is provided for all customers here.”
B．“If you can’t afford food, you may take one for free.”
C．“Egg pancakes are cheap and delicious at this restaurant.”
D．“People who receive help must pass the kindness on.”
22．Why did the couple laugh when Bian joked about checking their phone
A．Because they thought Bian was very funny.
B．Because they had no money on their phones.
C．Because they had already paid for the pancakes.
D．Because they didn’t understand what Bian said.
23．What did Bian do with the extra 650 yuan
A．She kept it for herself.
B．She gave it back to the customer.
C．She bought more food for the shop.
D．She gave it to poor people.
24．What does the word “They” refer to (指的是) in the last paragraph
A．The free egg pancakes. B．The small restaurants in Shanghai.
C．The kind woman and the customer. D．The many small, kind stories.
25．What’s the best title of the passage
A．A Delicious Egg Pancake B．A Poor Woman in Shanghai
C．Warm Kindness Passing On D．A Popular Small Restaurant
D
①Charity is important. Not only because it can change people’s lives, but also because it can change the world. With donations to charities, we can help those less lucky and support causes (事业) we believe in. Whether you’re looking for a way to give back or just want to learn more about the work of charities, this post is for you.
②A charity is an organization that helps people or communities in need. A charity may raise money from common people, companies and governments. Charities usually work on certain areas such as health care, education, disaster relief and so on.
③Charities provide services that are important to people in need: food banks provide food for hungry families; churches help find cheap places to live in; hospitals provide free basic care for low-income patients; animal charities save homeless pets from certain death and find them new homes... The list is endless. They help improve the lives of millions of people every day.
④Charities are good for you, too. Helping others is good for your health and well-being. Volunteering for charities makes you feel like you’re making a difference and contributing, which in turn builds a sense of community and reduces loneliness. Volunteering for a charity can also help develop a sense of purpose, build friendships or improve social networks and increase self-confidence.
⑤Charities don’t just help people. There are also many charities that protect the environment and conserve (保护) natural resources. The Nature Conservancy, for example, is a global conservation organization that works to save the lands and waters on which all life depends. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has been working for more than 50 years to protect endangered species and their living areas.
⑥Charities play an important role in our society. They provide necessary services for millions of people every day and play an important role in our economy.
26．Who is this passage written for
A．People in need of help. B．People working for charities
C．People interested in charity work. D．People planning to raise money.
27．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．What charities are. B．How charities help people in need
C．Why people give money to charities. D．Where people find information about charities.
28．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Volunteering only helps poor people.
B．Working for charities is good for personal growth.
C．People join charities just to make more friends.
D．Volunteering can make people never feel lonely
29．Which picture best shows the structure of the passage
A．①②//③④//⑤//⑥ B．①//②//③④⑤//⑥
C．①//②③④⑤//⑥ D．①②//③④⑤⑥
30．Why did the writer write this passage
A．To show charities’ duty to nature. B．To ask people to learn more about WWF.
C．To call for people to help with voluntary work. D．To explain the importance and roles of charities.
第三部分 信息还原（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cultural dining manners might surprise you with some of their important rules. 31 .
Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family--no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules The way you hold chopsticks is important to avoid annoying (打扰) your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 32 .
Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 33 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests 34 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chefs that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining manners may seem accidental (偶然的) and strange, but they are important in different countries. 35 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it improper to eat with utensils
D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
F．The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together
G．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate.
第四部分 词汇运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
第一节 根据下列句子所给汉语注释或首字母，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
36．He has a physical ________(缺陷), but he never gives up his dream.
37．It is ________ (必要的) for us to respect the elderly.
38．The village is located in the ________ (西北的) part of the mountain area.
39．She has enough ________ (信心) to speak in front of the whole school.
40．We should know more about the ________ (背景) of the event before we take part in it.
41．You won’t pass the exam u________ you study hard.
42．The teacher r________ us not to run in the classroom hallways.
43．The p________ of this singer has grown rapidly among young people.
44．Many people in poor areas s________ from hunger and cold every winter.
45．The s________ medal is not as valuable as the gold one, but it’s still great.
请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，从方框内选出适当的单词，将其正确形式填入空白处，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框内有两个词为多余项。
I deep many usual tradition traveller sit come risk look worry water
You must know the popular song Lake Baikal. Then what do you know about Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal in Russia has a history of 25–30 million years. It’s also the 46 fresh water lake in the world. It’s up to 1,620 metres deep. The 47 is so clean that people can drink it directly. On both sides of the lake stand tall mountains. The mountains are moving apart very slowly—by about 2 centimetres each year. Also, the lake has 48 species (物种) of plants and animals than any other lake in the world. Many of them can only be found there. Lake Baikal is beautiful. It is in the shape of a banana and people also think it 49 like a crescent (月牙形) moon. A lot of 50 come to visit it every year. Most of them usually come in summer. It is not cold at that time. They can 51 by the lake, enjoy the clear blue water and the green mountains around, and even take a boat trip on the lake. However, some visitors would like 52 in winter. Even though it is freezing, they have great fun on the ice. They feel free to do anything they like, without 53 about falling into the water.
“When you are in such an environment, you don’t have cars or noises around. It allows 54 to be with nature alone. It’s an 55 feeling,” a visitor shared happily. Lake Baikal is truly a treasure of nature.
第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Good manners are important in our lives. When we visit someone, we should be careful with our manners. Here is some good a 56 to keep you cool.
It is important to behave politely. We should a 57 people properly—using “Mr”, “Mrs” or “Ms” unless they ask us to use their first name. This is a good way of showing our p 58 and respect for the host.
A hospitable host will also try his or her best to make the guest feel comfortable. He or she may offer a drink or show the guest around the house. That helps the guest feel at h 59 . As guests, we should also c 60 about the host’s feelings. I 61 of touching things as we like, we should ask the host first before touching. When it c 62 to eating, it is not good to speak when our mouths are full. It is also impolite to leave the table u 63 everyone has finished.
It’s also good to be modest. Don’t ask for special treatment. Remember to smile when we are r 64 to the host’s questions. Good manners help everyone feel respected. It might take time to get u 65 to all these rules, but they are really important for building good relationships.
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。
Chopsticks are a pair of sticks to be used when eating. They were first used in China and then introduced to other countries. Chopsticks are one of the symbols of Chinese food culture.
Chinese people started to use chopsticks about 3, 000 years ago. During the pre-Qin period, chopsticks were called “Jia”, and in the Qin and Han dynasties, they were called “Zhu”. By the Ming Dynasty, people began to call them “Kuai”, meaning “fast” in Chinese. This is the origin (起源) of today’s name of Chinese chopsticks.
There are many folk stories about who invented chopsticks. One is that Jiang Ziya created chopsticks after getting an idea from a mythical (神话的) bird. It is also said that Yu the Great, who founded the Xia Dynasty, used sticks to pick hot food in order to save time when he tried to control floods.
When eating with family members, Chinese people usually let the elders take up chopsticks before anyone else. Besides, playing with chopsticks is impolite. It’s also bad to tap (敲) chopsticks on the edge of your bowl, because in ancient China beggars (乞丐) often did it to attract attention.
66．In which country were the chopsticks first used
67．When did the Chinese start to use chopsticks
68．Why did Yu the Great use sticks to pick hot food
69．When eating with family members, who usually take up chopsticks first
70．What do you think of the Chinese chopstick culture
书面表达（共1题；满分25分）
71．你的朋友想参与环保行动但不知道如何开始，向你咨询建议。请你以“Taking Part in Environmental Protection”为题，写一篇短文分享你对环保行动的理解及实践建议。
要求：
1. 80词左右；
2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称；
3. 重点使用一般现在时描述助人行为，用现在完成时分享个人收获。
参考信息：
1. 参与环保行动的具体方式（如：日常减塑、垃圾分类、绿色出行）；
2. 核心价值（如：保护生态、节约资源、提升环保意识）；
3. 实践建议（如：选择适合自己的方式、结合生活习惯、长期坚持参与）。
Taking Part in Environmental Protection
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A
【导语】本文讲述埃及学生 Ahmed 在加拿大学习半年的经历。他适应气候、饮食和礼仪差异，体会到不同文化虽有差异，但人类情感相通。
【解析】1．句意：这是我第一次“访问”一个西方国家，我学到了很多关于文化差异的宝贵经验。
根据上文“I had the chance to study in Canada for six months”可知作者是去加拿大学习，即访问西方国家。应用visiting“访问”。leaving“离开”、missing“想念”、building“建造”均不符合语境。
2．句意：在我离开之前，妈妈给了我一些“建议”：“总要礼貌待人，尊重他人，即使事情对你来说看起来很奇怪。”
冒号后的内容“Always be polite and respect others...”显然是母亲给出的建议。应用advice“建议”。stories“故事”、questions“问题”、problems“问题”均不符合语境。
3．句意：当我到达多伦多时，一切都感觉很“奇怪”。
根据后文“The weather was much colder than Cairo. People dressed differently...”可知，天气更冷，人们穿着不同，这些都让作者感到陌生和奇怪。应用strange“奇怪的”。wonderful“精彩的”、familiar“熟悉的”、exciting“令人兴奋的”均不符合语境。
4．句意：起初，我感到很“孤独”，非常想念我的家人。
根据后半句“missed my family terribly”可知，因为想念家人，所以感到孤独。应用lonely“孤独的”。happy“快乐的”、excited“兴奋的”、relaxed“放松的”均不符合语境。
5．句意：最大的挑战是“食物”。
根据后文“In Egypt, we eat with our hands... Using a knife and fork was very difficult for me.”可知，本段主要讨论的是饮食习惯和餐具使用的困难。应用food“食物”。language“语言”、transportation“交通”、weather“天气”均不符合语境。
6．句意：我搞砸了好几次，感到很“尴尬”。
根据前文“I made a mess several times”可知，把东西弄得一团糟通常会让人感到尴尬或难为情。应用embarrassed“尴尬的”。proud“骄傲的”、confident“自信的”、surprised“惊讶的”均不符合语境。
7．句意：他们鼓励我，甚至“教”我如何正确使用它们。
根据语境，寄宿家庭不仅鼓励作者，还指导他如何使用刀叉。应用taught“教”（teach的过去式）。asked“问”、supported“支持”、showed“展示”虽然语义相关，但taught更强调技能传授的过程，且符合how to use的搭配习惯。
8．句意：另一件有趣的事情是“礼貌”。
根据后文“In Canada, people often say ‘sorry’ and ‘thank you’ many times a day.”可知，这里讨论的是加拿大人的礼貌用语和习惯。应用politeness“礼貌”。rudeness“粗鲁”、sadness“悲伤”、happiness“幸福”均不符合语境。
9．句意：我了解到“不同的”文化有不同的表达尊重的方式。
文章一直在对比埃及和加拿大的不同习惯，因此结论是不同的文化有不同的方式。应用different“不同的”。similar“相似的”、same“相同的”、easy“容易的”均不符合语境。
10．句意：这次经历教会了我，虽然我们来自不同的“国家”，但我们拥有相同的人类情感。
文章开头提到作者来自埃及，去的是加拿大，这是两个不同的国家。应用countries“国家”。cities“城市”、schools“学校”、families“家庭”范围过小，不符合全文宏观语境。
11．B 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文讲述了作者去年暑假和父母乘坐高铁去成都旅行的经历，包括高铁的优点（价格便宜、车站位于市中心、座位舒适、可欣赏沿途风景）以及在成都的游览活动（锦里古街、熊猫基地、都江堰）。
【解析】11．由第二段“We chose the high-speed train instead of the plane or the slow train”可知，作者乘坐高铁去成都。
12．由第二段“the train station is in the city center, so we didn’t need to drive a long way to the airport”可知，高铁站位于市中心是一个优点。
13．文中提到的活动包括：参观锦里古街、吃四川美食、看熊猫、参观都江堰，未提到看电影。
14．由第三段到达成都后“The next day...”，第四段“On the third day...”可知，他们在成都待了三天。
15．由第五段“taking trains is a great choice for short-distance travel”可知，作者认为火车旅行是短途旅行的好选择。
16．C 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇人物报道，介绍了17岁高中生Adeline Smith因其创办的非营利组织“Growing the STEM”帮助学生学习数学和科学而荣获Gloria Barron青年英雄奖，并讲述了该组织的起源、发展及影响。
【解析】16．第三段明确指出“Adeline started a nonprofit called Growing the STEM. It created math and science programs for students in 14 Idaho schools that need help.”说明她获奖是因为创办非营利组织帮助学生学习STEM。
17．第三段明确指出“her team brought in more than 100 teen volunteers to coach over 900 primary and middle school students.”说明志愿者是青少年（teen volunteers），辅导对象是小学生和初中生（在美式英语中，“middle school”通常指初中）。①高中生和④初中生属于青少年，符合志愿者身份。
18．第四段中“even a small effort can create an amazing snowball effect”意为“即使是小小的努力也能产生惊人的滚雪球效应”，比喻小行动可以带来大影响，与“星星之火，可以燎原”意思相近。
19．第六段讲述了Adeline在2016年帮助一个四年级学生后获得启发，次年与姐姐创办数学项目并组建课后数学队，这是Growing the STEM的早期发展历程。
20．文章讲述了青少年通过创办非营利组织服务社会、帮助他人的故事，属于社会与慈善主题，因此最可能出现在教材的“社会与慈善”单元。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．C
【导语】文章主要介绍了上海一家小餐馆老板Bian Yong’ai免费赠送煎饼的善举以及顾客们的暖心回应，体现了温暖善意的传递。
【解析】21．根据第一段招牌内容“If you have no money for food, take one for free.”可知，招牌的关键信息是允许没钱的人免费拿煎饼。
22．根据第二段“The two laughed, for they had secretly paid for the pancakes to help her shop.”可知，他们笑是因为已经付过钱了。
23．根据第三段“Bian refused the extra cash and gave it back.”可知，她把多余的钱还给了顾客。
24．根据最后一段“Small acts of kindness like these are not uncommon in Shanghai. They are like little lights...”可知，They指代的是前一句提到的“微小善举”。
25．全文通过卞永爱免费提供煎饼以及顾客回馈善意的故事，强调了善举传递和城市温暖的主题。选项C“温暖的善意传递”最能概括文章中心思想。
26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了慈善的重要性、定义、运作方式、具体服务领域，以及慈善活动对志愿者自身的益处。
【解析】26．根据第一段最后一句“Whether you’re looking for a way to give back or just want to learn more about the work of charities, this post is for you.”可知，这篇文章是写给那些想要回馈社会或想了解慈善工作的人，即对慈善工作感兴趣的人。
27．根据第二段首句“A charity is an organization that helps people or communities in need...”以及后续对慈善机构资金来源和工作领域的介绍可知，本段主要介绍了慈善机构是什么。
28．根据第四段“Helping others is good for your health and well-being... develop a sense of purpose... increase self-confidence.”可知，参与慈善志愿工作有助于健康、建立目标感、增强自信等，这些都是个人成长的体现。A项“只帮助穷人”、C项“只是为了交朋友”、D项“永远不会感到孤独”均表述过于绝对或与文意不符。
29．文章第一段引出慈善话题；第二段至第五段分别从定义、服务内容、对志愿者的好处、环境保护等方面详细阐述慈善机构的作用；第六段总结慈善机构在社会中的重要角色。整体结构为“总—分—总”，即①//②③④⑤//⑥。
30．通读全文可知，文章介绍了慈善机构的定义、服务内容、对志愿者及环境的益处，并在首尾段强调了其重要性。作者旨在解释慈善机构的重要性及其在社会中扮演的角色，而非单纯呼吁志愿工作或介绍特定组织。
31．D 32．E 33．C 34．A 35．B
【导语】本文介绍了不同国家的餐桌礼仪文化，包括筷子使用规则、餐具/手的使用习惯、用餐请求的禁忌等，帮助读者了解这些礼仪以避免尴尬。
【解析】31．前文提到不同文化的餐桌礼仪有重要规则，后文说了解这些技巧能让你在世界各地都愉快用餐，选项D “Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant”点明了解这些礼仪是为了避免在餐厅犯尴尬的错误，衔接上下文，逻辑通顺。
32．本段主题是“筷子使用规则”，前文提到放下筷子时要平行于桌边，选项E “Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them”补充说明筷子的禁忌用法，符合筷子礼仪的主题，衔接自然。
33．前文提到不同国家对餐具/手的使用习惯，后文说“instead preferring to use their hands”（反而更喜欢用手），选项C “Mexicans consider it improper to eat with utensils”说明墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭不合适，和后文的“用手吃饭”形成对应，逻辑合理。
34．本段主题是“Making Requests（用餐请求）”，后文提到在葡萄牙不要要求加调料，选项A “It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal”说明用餐时要盐和胡椒看似是简单的请求，引出后文不同国家的禁忌，衔接顺畅。
35．前文提到这些礼仪在不同国家都很重要，后文说“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”（你会对外国文化习俗感到更自在），选项B “The more time you spend in any given country”构成“the more...the more...”的固定句型，衔接前后内容，逻辑通顺。
36．disability
【解析】句意：他有生理缺陷，但他从未放弃自己的梦想。 “缺陷”对应的单词是disability，physical disability生理缺陷/身体残疾，前面有不定冠词a，因此使用单数形式disability。
37．necessary
【解析】句意：尊重老人对我们来说是必要的。分析句子结构可知，空格处在系动词“is”之后作表语，需使用形容词。根据中文提示“必要的”可知，对应的英文单词为necessary。本句符合“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”的固定结构，此处应使用形容词原级。
38．north-western/northwestern
【解析】句意：这个村庄位于山区的西北部。“西北的”对应的单词是north-western或者northwestern。
39．confidence
【解析】句意：她有足够的信心在全校面前发言。“信心”对应的英文单词是confidence；它是不可数名词，enough后可接不可数名词，因此填confidence。
40．background
【解析】句意：在参加活动之前，我们应该更多地了解该活动的背景。根据中文提示可知，“背景”对应的英文是background，是不可数名词。此处作介词about的宾语，the background of the event意为“活动的背景”。
41．unless/nless
【解析】句意：你不会通过考试，除非你努力学习。句中使用搭配won’t…unless…，意为“除非……就不会……”。
42．reminds/eminds
【解析】句意：老师提醒我们不要在教室走廊奔跑。根据句意和首字母提示可知，“提醒某人不要做某事“的短语为“remind sb. not to do sth.”，再根据语境，描述的是老师的常规要求和长期的行为习惯，用一般现在时，主语“The teacher”为第三人称单数，所以动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填reminds。
43．popularity/opularity
【解析】句意：这位歌手的人气在年轻人中迅速增长。根据句意以及单词首字母p的提示，可知此处需要单词popularity，意为“人气，流行度，受欢迎程度”。
44．suffer/uffer
【解析】句意：贫困地区的许多人每年冬天都遭受饥饿和寒冷的折磨。句中出现“from hunger and cold”，结合首字母s，可知固定搭配“suffer from”，意为 “遭受……”。句子主语Many people是复数，时间状语every winter表示一般现在时，因此谓语动词用原形即可，故填suffer。
45．silver/ilver
【解析】句意：银牌虽然不如金牌珍贵，但它仍然很棒。根据首字母s及语境“not as valuable as the gold one（不如金牌珍贵）”，可知此处填形容词silver，意为“银质的”，在句中修饰名词medal，符合句子语义与语法结构。
46．deepest 47．water 48．more 49．looks 50．travellers 51．sit 52．to come 53．worrying 54．me 55．unusual
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了俄罗斯的贝加尔湖，包括它的历史、地理特征、物种资源以及游客的游玩体验，展现了贝加尔湖作为“自然宝藏”的独特魅力。
【解析】46．句意：它也是世界上最深的淡水湖。“It’s up to 1,620 metres deep.”及“in the world”表明是最深的淡水湖，应用deep的最高级形式deepest，作定语。
47．句意：湖水如此干净，以至于人们可以直接饮用。“people can drink it directly”表明湖里的水很干净，应用名词water作主语。
48．句意：此外，该湖的动植物物种比世界上任何其他湖泊都要多。“than any other lake”表明需用比较级形式，此处表示“更多的物种”，应用many的比较级形式more。
49．句意：它呈香蕉形状，人们也认为它看起来像月牙。look like“看起来像”，是固定短语，时态是一般现在时，主语是it，动词需用第三人称单数形式looks。
50．句意：每年都有很多游客来参观它。“come to visit”表明是游客来参观，A lot of后接可数名词的复数形式，应用traveller的复数形式travellers。
51．句意：他们可以坐在湖边，欣赏清澈的蓝色湖水和周围的青山，甚至在湖上乘船旅行。“... by the lake”表示坐在湖边，can是情态动词，后跟动词原形，应用sit。
52．句意：然而，一些游客喜欢在冬天来。“Even though it is freezing, they have great fun on the ice.”表明游客喜欢在冬天来，would like to do sth“想要做某事”，应用come的不定式to come。
53．句意：他们可以自由地做任何自己喜欢的事情，不用担心掉进水里。“without... about falling into the water.”是指不用担心掉入水里，without是介词，需用worry的动名词形式worrying。
54．句意：它允许我独自与自然相处。“allows ... to be with nature alone”表示“允许我与自然独处”，需用I的宾格形式me，作allows的宾语。
55．句意：这是一种不寻常的感觉。前文介绍与自然独处，这种感觉应是不同寻常的，应用usual的反义词unusual，作定语。
56．advice/dvice 57．address/ddress 58．politeness/oliteness 59．home/ome 60．care/are 61．Instead/nstead 62．comes/omes 63．unless/nless 64．replying/eplying 65．used/sed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了餐桌礼仪的重要性和一些基本规则。
【解析】56．句意：这里有一些让你保持冷静的建议。句子为倒装句，此处需要一个名词做主语，根据谓语动词是is可知，此处应填不可数名词表示“建议”，结合首字母，advice符合语境。
57．句意：我们应该正确的称呼他人——用“先生”，“夫人”或“女士”，除非他们自己要我们叫他们的名字。此处需要一个动词谓语，结合首字母，address表示“称呼”符合语境，情态动词should后面接动词原形，故填address。
58．句意：这是一种展示我们对主人礼貌和尊重的好方式。此处需要一个名词作定语表示“礼貌”，结合首字母，politeness符合语境。
59．句意：那能让客人感觉宾至如归。固定搭配feel at home表示“宾至如归”，结合首字母，此处填home符合语境。
60．句意：作为客人，我们也应该关心主人的感受。固定搭配care about表示“关心”，结合首字母，care符合语境，情态动词should后面接动词原形，故填care。
61．句意：在触摸物品之前要先询问主人的意见，而不是随心所欲的触摸。固定搭配instead of表示“而不是”，结合首字母，instead符合语境。
62．句意：说到吃，满嘴食物说话是不好的。固定搭配when it comes to表示“当谈到……”，结合首字母，以及主语it是第三人称，comes符合语境。
63．句意：在所有人都吃完之前离开餐桌也是不礼貌的。根据“It is also impolite to leave the table...everyone has finished.”可知，空格前后是转折关系，结合首字母，unless表示“除非”符合语境。
64．句意：当我们回答主人的问题时，记得微笑。根据“to the host’s questions”可知，此处是指“回复”，固定搭配reply to表示“回复”，由于空格前有be动词are，故用现在分词形式replying。
65．句意：可能需要花时间来适应所有这些规则，但它们对于建立良好的人际关系真的非常重要。固定搭配used to表示“习惯于”，结合首字母，used符合语境。
66．In China. 67．About 3000 years ago. 68．To save time. 69．The elders. 70．开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：It is meaningful.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的起源、历史演变、相关传说以及使用礼仪。
【解析】66．文章第1段提到“They were first used in China”，筷子最初在中国使用，直接提取答案。
67．文章第2段提到中国人开始使用筷子的时间“Chinese people started to use chopsticks about 3, 000 years ago.”，直接提取答案。
68．文章第3段提到“used sticks to pick hot food in order to save time”，直接提取答案。
69．文章第4段提到“Chinese people usually let the elders take up chopsticks before anyone else.”，直接提取答案。
70．本题为开放性观点表达题，要求对中国筷子文化发表看法，作答需简洁正向，符合字数限制即可。参考答案为：It is meaningful.
71．例文：
Taking Part in Environmental Protection
It’s good that you want to help protect the environment. You can start with small actions. For example, use fewer plastic bags, sort the rubbish, and ride a bike instead of taking a car.
These simple ways have helped me save resources and develop a green lifestyle. I have also learned more about protecting our planet.
My advice is to choose one or two ways that fit your habits and keep doing them. Every small action makes a difference. Let’s work together for a better Earth!
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：说明文（环保建议与个人分享），用一般现在时（描述环保行动方式）和现在完成时（分享个人收获）
明确要点：参与环保行动的具体方式（少用塑料袋、垃圾分类、骑自行车代替开车）、核心价值（节约资源、培养绿色生活方式、了解保护地球的重要性）、实践建议（选择适合自己的方式、结合生活习惯、长期坚持、小行动带来大改变）
确定人称：第一人称（I）和第二人称（you）
注意事项：需包含所有要点，开头已给出，词数80左右，不得出现真实信息
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：鼓励朋友参与环保，提出可以从日常小行动开始（少用塑料袋、垃圾分类、骑自行车代替开车）
主体段：用现在完成时分享个人收获（节约资源、培养绿色生活方式、了解保护地球的重要性）
结尾段：给出实践建议（选择适合自己的一两种方式并坚持，相信小行动带来大改变），呼吁共同努力
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：环保行动的具体方式
方式一：use fewer plastic bags/bring reusable bags when shopping等
方式二：sort the rubbish/separate waste into different bins等
方式三：ride a bike instead of taking a car/walk or cycle for short trips等
要点二：个人收获（现在完成时）
收获一：have helped me save resources/have reduced waste and saved energy等
收获二：develop a green lifestyle/have built eco-friendly habits等
收获三：have also learned more about protecting our planet/have gained knowledge about environmental protection等
要点三：实践建议与核心价值
建议表达：choose one or two ways that fit your habits and keep doing them/pick a few actions that work for you and stick to them等
价值表达：every small action makes a difference/even little efforts matter for the environment等
呼吁表达：work together for a better Earth/join hands to protect our planet等
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