资源简介

1．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(affection n．喜爱；关爱；感情 effect n．影响；结果；效果)
◎be (deeply/greatly) affected by．．． (深)受……影响
be affected with．．． 感染……(疾病)
◎show/have/feel/develop (an) affection for．．．
喜欢……；对……产生感情
◎have an effect/impact/influence on 对……产生影响
◎(2025·全国二卷)These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come．
这些影响不仅是短期的，而且已被证明会影响青少年未来的健康。
2．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊(shocked adj．感到震惊的 shocking adj．令人震惊的 shockingly adv．令人震惊地)
◎in shock　　　　　 吃惊，震惊
to sb．'s shock 令某人震惊的是
be a shock to．．． 对……而言是一件震惊的事
◎be shocked at/by sth．/that．．． 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth． 因做某事而感到震惊
◎electric shock 触电；电休克
cultural shock 文化冲突
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I managed to find the street the theater was on，but when I turned the corner，I stopped in shock．
我设法找到了剧院所在的街道，但当我拐过街角时，我震惊地停住了脚步。
3．bury vt．埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏(burial n．埋葬；葬礼)
bury sth． in　　　　　 把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于，专心于
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was buried in my work，completely absorbed in capturing the beauty of nature．
＝ I buried myself in my work，completely absorbed in capturing the beauty of nature．
我埋头于我的工作，完全专注于捕捉大自然之美。
4．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．疼痛；痛苦，苦难 sufferer n．受难者；患病者)
suffer a lot of pain　　 遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer from．．． 患……病；因……受苦
suffer severe damage/a great loss 损失惨重
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．
20年前，当他患有严重背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。
5．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过；幸免于难；比……活的时间长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生存)
survive on．．．　　 靠……生存；依靠……维持生活
survive sth． 幸免于……；从……中活下来
A survives B (by＋时间) A比B活的时间长(……)
◎(读后续写之主旨升华)Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain．
生活不在于如何从暴风雨中活下来，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
6．strike vi．& vt．(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；(时钟等)敲；报时；擦(火柴)；撞击；给(某人以……)印象；突然想到 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
◎be struck with/by．．． 被……袭击/打动
sth． strikes/hits/occurs to sb．．．． 某人想到……
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb． that．．． 某人突然想到……
strike sb． in/on＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某个部位
◎be on strike 在罢工(表状态)
go on strike 举行罢工(表动作)
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It struck/hit/occurred to me that being outdoors while creating art makes the process even more enjoyable．
我突然想到，在创作艺术的同时，在户外会让这个过程更加愉快。
7．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
◎go to ruin/fall into ruin　　 败落
bring．．． to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
◎ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎(2025·全国二卷)I realized that if I didn't stop，the entire lecture would be ruined．
我意识到如果我不停下来，整个讲座就会被毁。
1．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get． (形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义)
水、食物和电都很难获得。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的从句用虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins． (everywhere作连词)
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead． (those who．．． )
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋了死者。
5．too．．． to．．． 结构
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
◎too＋adj． /adv． (＋for sb． )＋to do sth． 结构，表否定意义，意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能做某事”。
◎too．．． to．．． 结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，动词不定式表肯定意义。
◎can't/can never be too/enough/over．．． 意为“再怎么……也不为过”。
◎(读后续写之情感描写)The little girl sank to the ground，too frightened to cry．
那个小女孩瘫倒在地，吓得哭不出来。
6．be doing．．． when．．． 正在做……突然……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home．
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。
句中when用作并列连词，表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
①be about to do．．．when．．． 正要做……突然……
②be on the point of doing．．．when．．．正要做……突然……(强调动作处于“即将发生的最后一刻”)
③had (just) done．．．when．．． 刚做完……这时突然……
◎(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was surfing our school's website when I noticed the English newspaper Youth． 　
当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Youth。
◎Determined to start out the next morning，she was about to head home when a ringing birdsong floated down to her．
她决定第二天早上再出发，正要回家时，清脆的鸟鸣声飘到了她耳边。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．affect
①Although affected ____________ a serious disease，he held a positive attitude and believed there was a hope of recovery．
②____________ by those selfless doctors，I have developed a deep ____________ for the career． (affect)
③(读后续写之短文投稿)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深打动。
In summary，the English newspaper Youth _________________________________．
________________________ countless moving stories in the newspaper．
2．shock
①All of the students in my class felt ________ at the ____________ news． (shock)
②I was shocked ____________ (hear) that the old castle had been destroyed．
③我震惊地发现，它们很快就成为日常生活的一部分，为短途旅行提供了便利的选择。
I ________________________________________________，providing a convenient option for short trips．
④汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得了冠军，这对我们大家来说是一件非常震惊的事。
Tom won the championship in the marathon，
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
3．bury
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule，____________(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park，was designed to be opened in the year 6939．
②(应用文写作之人物介绍)自毕业以来，她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作，在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。
Ever since graduation，she __________________________ relic protection and restoration work，making great contributions in this field．
③(读后续写之情绪描写)她深深地叹了口气，双手掩面，开始绝望地抽泣起来。
She sighed deeply，____________________________________，and began to sob in despair． (分词短语作状语)
→She sighed deeply，________________________________________，and began to sob in despair． (with复合结构)
4．suffer
①It is shocking to see the patient __________ from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help this ____________ out of his ____________．(suffer)
②(2022·浙江1月卷)得知我的搭档得了重病，我焦虑万分，所以我冲向了医院。
________________________________________________，I was burning with anxiety，so I darted towards the hospital．
③球队在决赛中遭遇失败，但他们发誓下个赛季会更强大地回归。
The team __________________________________________，but they vowed to come back stronger next season．
5．survive
①The ____________ owed his ____________ to a TV program，which taught how ________ when trapped in the wild． (survive)
②尽管那位老太太身患重病，但她仍然比她丈夫多活了5年。
Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
③(应用文写作之环境保护)没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。
Without the ocean，________________________________，including humans．
6．strike
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)The man in the doorway ____________ (strike) a match and lit his cigar．
②When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets，a stone struck him ____________ the back，which made him annoyed．
③我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。
________________________ that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day．
→________________________ we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day． (it作形式主语)
7．in ruins
①Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the ____________ (ruin) of Neapolis are almost 2，000 years old．
②It rained for one week on end，completely ____________ (ruin) our holidays．
③令我震惊的是，这个曾经迷人的村庄成了一片废墟，面目全非。
What shocked me was that this once charming village ____________________，beyond recognition．
④(读后续写之主旨升华)不要让你的过去支配你现在或者将来的生活。把过去的伤痛抛在脑后，这样它才不会毁了你的未来。
Don't allow your past to control your present or future life． Leave the pain of your past behind so ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．Two fifths of the buildings ____________(destroy) in the earthquake last weekend，leaving the whole world shocked．
2．This event will supply you ____________ a precious opportunity to work with experts in this field．
3．____________(shock)，the graceful competitor just smiled ____________(calm) when she learned that no ____________ (effect) measures had been taken．
4．But attention has turned from ____________(rescue) survivors to sheltering them and planning for their future．
5．Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(平衡木)，I fell onto the stones，____________ (damage) a nerve in my hand．
6．Happiness and success often come to those ____________ are good at recognizing their own strengths．
7．____________ (bury) in his book，Tom didn't notice me when I ____________ (slide) into the room．
8．He made a great effort to save the girl ___________________________________
________________________________________________(trap) in the burning house．
9．For thousands of years，people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on ____________(wise)．
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn't give up even if he got injured in the race，__________(set) a good example to others．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The woman doctor who was just delivered of her own baby months ago is delivering a speech on how to help deliver a baby in emergencies．Her speech will be documented，printed and delivered to each household．
①________________　②__________________
③________________　④___________________
2．After days of heavy rain，the river overflowed，causing a severe flood． Soon，posts about the disaster flooded into social media． Rescue teams worked tirelessly to help those whose homes had been flooded．
①________________　②____________________
③________________
3．Every morning，Jack would go for a run along the beach． He loved watching the waves crash against the rocks． One morning，he saw his neighbor and gave her a wave to say hello． His neighbor waved back，smiling brightly．
①________________　②___________________
③________________
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．尽管这个问题很难解决，但我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。(those who．．． )
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should spare no effort to help ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
2．我立刻明白了父母的担忧。他们担心我太自私了不愿付出。(too．．． to．．． )
I understood immediately what my parents were worried about． They were worried that ________________________________________________________________．
3．他跑得飞快，仿佛有风在背后推着他。(as if)
He ran so fast ________________________ from behind．
4．我正趴在楼上的床上，突然听到她从前门进来。(be doing．．． when．．．)
I ________________________________________________ I heard her come through the front door．
5．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义)
My head ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、台风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：
1．描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2．分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3．提出减少自然灾害的建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①在过去的几年中，发生了各种自然灾害，比如地震、沙尘暴、洪水等，这些灾害给人类造成了严重的破坏。(damage；非谓语结构)
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，___________________________________________________．
②无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。(ruin；destroy；suffer)
Countless houses were ____________，numerous fields ______________，and millions of people ________________________．
③人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响。因为更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。(supply；状语从句)
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
④人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件发生得越来越频繁。(emergency；frequent)
People lack the awareness of environmental protection，________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
⑤我们应尽一切努力保持人与自然的平衡。(effort；balance)
We're supposed _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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名词/动词 devote，gratitude，appreciation，thank，move，touch，appreciate，relief，hug 形容词/副词 thankful，thankfully，grateful，gratefully，moved，touched，heartfelt，tightly/firmly
语块 ①have a deep gratitude towards对……深怀感激 ②with gratitude/appreciation感激地 ③owe sb． a lot/a great deal非常感激某人 ④be deeply moved/touched by．．．被……深深感动 流泪 ①shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 ②be moved to tears被感动得落泪 ③with a lump in one's throat哽咽着 ④one's eyes brimming with tears of joy眼里充满喜悦的泪水
微情景1　“自然灾害”——救援场景中的“感激、感动”
The villagers ①____________________ (流下感激的泪水) as the rescue team emerged through the debris． “We ②________________________ (非常感激你们)！” the elderly man said ③________________________ (哽咽着，with复合结构)． Among the volunteers，Dr． Lin ④____________________ (被……深深感动，被动语态) their resilience—a mother holding her child ⑤____________(tight)，her face streaked with mud yet shining with ⑥____________________(感激的宽慰，名词短语)． When handed a bottle of water，she ⑦____________(grateful) pressed their hands together and bowed．
微情景2　“自然灾害”——灾后重建的“感激、感动”
At the temporary school's opening ceremony，little Mei ①____________ (beam) while presenting a handmade card to the architect． “Thank you for building our new classroom，” she said ②__________ (感激地，副词)． The man ③________________________ (感动得落泪)，recalling how villagers had ④________________________(和他的团队一起不知疲倦地工作)． “We ⑤______________________ (对……深怀感激) every helper，” declared the principal，his voice ⑥____________(tremble) with emotion． As the crowd applauded，Mei ⑦________________________(拥抱她的老师)，both ⑧____________________ (满心欢喜，非谓语) at the fresh start．
必修第一册　UNIT 4
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①with　②Affected；affection　③affects me greatly；I'm often deeply affected by
2．①shocked；shocking　②to hear　③was shocked at how quickly they became a part of daily life　④which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all
3．①buried　②has been buried in/buried herself in
③burying her face in her hands；with her face buried in her hands
4．①suffering/suffer；sufferer；suffering(s)　②Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness　③suffered defeat in the final match
5．①survivor；survival；to survive　②survived her husband by 5 years　③no living things would survive
6．①struck　②on　③A good idea struck me；It struck me that
7．①ruins　②ruining　③lay in ruins　④it cannot ruin your future
Ⅱ．1．were destroyed　2．with　3．Shockingly；calmly；effective　4．rescuing　5．damaging　6．who　7．Buried；slid　8．trapped　9．wisdom　10．setting
Ⅲ．1．①v．分娩，生小孩　②v．发表(演说等)　③v．接生；助产
④v．递送；传送　2．①n．洪水　②vi．大量涌入　③vt．使淹没　3．①n．海浪；波浪　②n．挥手　③vi．挥手
Ⅳ．1．those who are suffering from Internet addiction　
2．I was too selfish to give　3．as if the wind were pushing him
4．was lying face down on my bed upstairs when
5．was difficult to pull out of the huge pumpkin
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①causing severe damage to human beings　②in ruins；were destroyed；suffered great economic losses　③since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth　④making the occurrence of the emergencies of nature more frequent　⑤to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature
组句成篇
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causing severe damage to human beings． Thus，countless houses were in ruins，numerous fields were destroyed，and millions of people suffered great economic losses．
There are several factors contributing to these disasters． First，the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth． What's more，people lack the awareness of environmental protection，making the occurrence of the emergencies of nature more frequent．
In my opinion，we're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature． Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth．
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①shed tears of gratitude　②owe you a great deal　③with a lump in his throat　④was deeply moved by　⑤tightly　⑥thankful relief　⑦gratefully
微情景2　①beamed　②appreciatively　③was touched to tears　④worked tirelessly alongside his team　⑤have deep gratitude to　⑥trembling　⑦hugged her teacher　⑧filled with joy
12/12(共123张PPT)
必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
1．affect vt．影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(affection n．喜爱；关爱；感情 effect n．影响；结果；效果)
◎be (deeply/greatly) affected by... (深)受……影响
be affected with... 感染……(疾病)
◎show/have/feel/develop (an) affection for...
喜欢……；对……产生感情
◎have an effect/impact/influence on 对……产生影响
◎(2025·全国二卷)These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come．
这些影响不仅是短期的，而且已被证明会影响青少年未来的健康。
2．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt．(使)震惊(shocked adj．感到震惊的 shocking adj．令人震惊的 shockingly adv．令人震惊地)
◎in shock 吃惊，震惊
to sb．'s shock 令某人震惊的是
be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事
◎be shocked at/by sth．/that... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth． 因做某事而感到震惊
◎electric shock 触电；电休克
cultural shock 文化冲突
◎(2025年1月·八省高考适应性考试)I managed to find the street the theater was on，but when I turned the corner，I stopped in shock．
我设法找到了剧院所在的街道，但当我拐过街角时，我震惊地停住了脚步。
3．bury vt．埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏(burial n．埋葬；葬礼)
bury sth．in 把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头于，专心于
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
【思维拓展】　表示“专心于/致力于……”的短语还有：be lost/engaged/absorbed/ in，be devoted to，concentrate/focus on，apply oneself to等。(教师独具)
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was buried in my work，completely absorbed in capturing the beauty of nature．
＝ I buried myself in my work，completely absorbed in capturing the beauty of nature．
我埋头于我的工作，完全专注于捕捉大自然之美。
4．suffer vt．遭受；蒙受 vi．(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．疼痛；痛苦，苦难 sufferer n．受难者；患病者)
suffer a lot of pain 遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer from... 患……病；因……受苦
suffer severe damage/a great loss 损失惨重
【思维拓展】　suffer作及物动词时， 意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain，defeat，hardship等词作宾语；suffer from中的from表示原因， 意为“因……而受苦”。(教师独具)
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain．
20年前，当他患有严重背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。
5．survive vi．生存；存活 vt．幸存；艰难度过；幸免于难；比……活的时间长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生存)
survive on... 靠……生存；依靠……维持生活
survive sth． 幸免于……；从……中活下来
A survives B (by＋时间) A比B活的时间长(……)
【思维拓展】　survive因其本身表示“幸存；幸免于难”，其后不用介词in或from。(教师独具)
◎(读后续写之主旨升华)Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain．
生活不在于如何从暴风雨中活下来，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
6．strike vi．& vt．(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；(时钟等)敲；报时；擦(火柴)；撞击；给(某人以……)印象；突然想到 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
◎be struck with/by... 被……袭击/打动
sth．strikes/hits/occurs to sb...． 某人想到……
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb．that... 某人突然想到……
strike sb．in/on＋the＋身体部位 击打某人的某个部位
◎be on strike 在罢工(表状态)
go on strike 举行罢工(表动作)
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It struck/hit/occurred to me that being outdoors while creating art makes the process even more enjoyable．
我突然想到，在创作艺术的同时，在户外会让这个过程更加愉快。
7．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
◎go to ruin/fall into ruin 败落
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
◎ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
【思维拓展】　ruins 表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。(教师独具)
◎(2025·全国二卷)I realized that if I didn't stop，the entire lecture would be ruined．
我意识到如果我不停下来，整个讲座就会被毁。
1．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．(形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义)
水、食物和电都很难获得。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的从句用虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins．(everywhere作连词)
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．(those who...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋了死者。
5．too...to...结构
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings．
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
◎too＋adj．/adv．(＋for sb．)＋to do sth．结构，表否定意义，意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能做某事”。
◎too...to...结构中，too用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，动词不定式表肯定意义。
◎can't/can never be too/enough/over...意为“再怎么……也不为过”。
◎(读后续写之情感描写)The little girl sank to the ground，too frightened to cry．
那个小女孩瘫倒在地，吓得哭不出来。
6．be doing...when...正在做……突然……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home．
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌入屋内。
句中when用作并列连词，表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
①be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
②be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……(强调动作处于“即将发生的最后一刻”)
③had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
◎(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I was surfing our school's website when I noticed the English newspaper Youth．
当我在浏览我们学校的网站时， 我注意到了英文报纸Youth。
◎Determined to start out the next morning，she was about to head home when a ringing birdsong floated down to her．
她决定第二天早上再出发， 正要回家时， 清脆的鸟鸣声飘到了她耳边。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．affect
①Although affected _____ a serious disease，he held a positive attitude and believed there was a hope of recovery．
②_________ by those selfless doctors，I have developed a deep _________ for the career．(affect)
with
Affected
affection
③(读后续写之短文投稿)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深打动。
In summary，the English newspaper Youth _____________________．
______________________________ countless moving stories in the newspaper．
affects me greatly
I'm often deeply affected by
2．shock
①All of the students in my class felt _______ at the ________ news．(shock)
②I was shocked ______ (hear) that the old castle had been destroyed．
③我震惊地发现，它们很快就成为日常生活的一部分，为短途旅行提供了便利的选择。
I _______________________________________________________，providing a convenient option for short trips．
shocked
shocking
to hear
was shocked at how quickly they became a part of daily life
④汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得了冠军，这对我们大家来说是一件非常震惊的事。
Tom won the championship in the marathon，_____________________
_____________________________．
which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all
3．bury
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule，______(bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park，was designed to be opened in the year 6939．
②(应用文写作之人物介绍)自毕业以来，她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作，在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。
Ever since graduation，she ________________________________ relic protection and restoration work，making great contributions in this field．
buried
has been buried in/buried herself in
③(读后续写之情绪描写)她深深地叹了口气，双手掩面，开始绝望地抽泣起来。
She sighed deeply，__________________________，and began to sob in despair．(分词短语作状语)
→She sighed deeply，__________________________________ ， and began to sob in despair．(with复合结构)
burying her face in her hands
with her face buried in her hands
4．suffer
①It is shocking to see the patient _________________ from poverty and diseases and we all want to do something to help this ________ out of his ______________．(suffer)
②(2022·浙江1月卷)得知我的搭档得了重病，我焦虑万分，所以我冲向了医院。
________________________________________________________，I was burning with anxiety，so I darted towards the hospital．
suffering/suffer
sufferer
suffering(s)
Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness
③球队在决赛中遭遇失败，但他们发誓下个赛季会更强大地回归。
The team ________________________________，but they vowed to come back stronger next season．
suffered defeat in the final match
5．survive
①The ________ owed his ________ to a TV program，which taught how _________ when trapped in the wild．(survive)
②尽管那位老太太身患重病，但她仍然比她丈夫多活了5年。
Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still ___________________________．
survivor
survival
to survive
survived her husband by 5 years
③(应用文写作之环境保护)没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。
Without the ocean，___________________________，including humans．
no living things would survive
6．strike
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)The man in the doorway ______ (strike) a match and lit his cigar．
②When Tom wandered aimlessly around the streets，a stone struck him __ the back，which made him annoyed．
struck
on
③我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。
___________________ that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day．
→________________ we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day．(it作形式主语)
A good idea struck me
It struck me that
7．in ruins
①Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the fourth century AD，the _____ (ruin) of Neapolis are almost 2，000 years old．
②It rained for one week on end，completely _______ (ruin) our holidays．
③令我震惊的是，这个曾经迷人的村庄成了一片废墟，面目全非。
What shocked me was that this once charming village __________，beyond recognition．
ruins
ruining
lay in ruins
④(读后续写之主旨升华)不要让你的过去支配你现在或者将来的生活。把过去的伤痛抛在脑后，这样它才不会毁了你的未来。
Don't allow your past to control your present or future life．Leave the pain of your past behind so ______________________．
it cannot ruin your future
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．Two fifths of the buildings ______________(destroy) in the earthquake last weekend，leaving the whole world shocked．
2．This event will supply you _____ a precious opportunity to work with experts in this field．
were destroyed
with
3．________________(shock)，the graceful competitor just smiled _______(calm) when she learned that no _________ (effect) measures had been taken．
4．But attention has turned from ________(rescue) survivors to sheltering them and planning for their future．
5．Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(平衡木)，I fell onto the stones，_________ (damage) a nerve in my hand．
Shockingly
calmly
effective
rescuing
damaging
6．Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths．
7．_______ (bury) in his book，Tom didn't notice me when I ____ (slide) into the room．
8．He made a great effort to save the girl _______(trap) in the burning house．
who
Buried
slid
trapped
9．For thousands of years，people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on ________(wise)．
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn't give up even if he got injured in the race，_______(set) a good example to others．
wisdom
setting
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The woman doctor who was just delivered of her own baby months ago is delivering a speech on how to help deliver a baby in emergencies．Her speech will be documented，printed and delivered to each household．
①_______________　②_________________　
③_____________　④_____________
v．分娩，生小孩
v．发表(演说等)
v．接生；助产
v．递送；传送
2．After days of heavy rain，the river overflowed，causing a severe flood．Soon，posts about the disaster flooded into social media．Rescue teams worked tirelessly to help those whose homes had been flooded．
①_______　②____________　③__________
3．Every morning，Jack would go for a run along the beach．He loved watching the waves crash against the rocks．One morning，he saw his neighbor and gave her a wave to say hello．His neighbor waved back，smiling brightly．
①_____________　②_______　③________
n．洪水
vi．大量涌入
vt．使淹没
n．海浪；波浪
n．挥手
vi．挥手
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．尽管这个问题很难解决，但我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。(those who...)
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle，we should spare no effort to help ______________________________________．
those who are suffering from Internet addiction
2．我立刻明白了父母的担忧。他们担心我太自私了不愿付出。(too...to...)
I understood immediately what my parents were worried about．They were worried that ______________________．
3．他跑得飞快， 仿佛有风在背后推着他。(as if)
He ran so fast ____________________________ from behind．
I was too selfish to give
as if the wind were pushing him
4．我正趴在楼上的床上， 突然听到她从前门进来。(be doing...
when...)
I _______________________________________ I heard her come through the front door．
5．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(形容词后的不定式的主动形式表达被动意义)
My head _______________________________________．
was lying face down on my bed upstairs when
was difficult to pull out of the huge pumpkin
Ⅴ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)(教师独具)
1．A powerful tornado swept through the small town，leaving a trail of destruction in just minutes． _______________
2．The drought has caused severe water shortages，forcing farmers to abandon their crops． _____________
n．龙卷风；旋风
n．旱灾；久旱
3．The coastal city built a high seawall to protect itself from potential tsunamis． _______
4．The earthquake，measuring 7.8 in magnitude，caused widespread damage across the region． _______
5．When the wildfire approached，residents were evacuated to nearby shelters immediately． _____________
n．海啸
n．震级
v．疏散；撤离
6．Rescue teams used helicopters to deliver supplies to the flood-stricken villages． _________
7．The engineers discovered dangerous cracks in the bridge's foundation during the inspection． _____________
8．Many households have switched from coal to gas for heating to reduce air pollution． _______________
n．直升机
n．裂缝；裂纹
n．煤气；天然气
9．The ancient temple was built with traditional red bricks and has stood for over 500 years． ___________
10．Recycling old metal not only saves resources but also helps protect the environment． _______
11．The new education policy aims to unify teaching standards across urban and rural areas． _____________________
n．砖；砖块
n．金属
v．统一；(使)成一体
12．To fully understand this historical event，we must consider it in its proper context． _______
13．Scientists are closely monitoring the active volcano for signs of an imminent eruption． _______
14．The approaching typhoon prompted the government to issue the highest-level warning． _______
n．背景
n．火山
n．台风
15．The school prepared first-aid kits for all classrooms to deal with minor injuries． ___________
16．Every family should have an emergency plan in case of natural disasters． _____________________
n．成套工具
n．紧急情况；突发事件
练表达——主题引领写作
过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、台风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：
1．描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2．分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3．提出减少自然灾害的建议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①在过去的几年中，发生了各种自然灾害，比如地震、沙尘暴、洪水等，这些灾害给人类造成了严重的破坏。(damage；非谓语结构)
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，___________________________
______________．
causing severe damage to
human beings
②无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。(ruin；destroy；suffer)
Countless houses were _______，numerous fields ______________，and millions of people ____________________________．
③人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响。因为更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。(supply；状语从句)
The rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，_______________________________________________________．
in ruins
were destroyed
suffered great economic losses
since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth
④人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件发生得越来越频繁。(emergency；frequent)
People lack the awareness of environmental protection，_________________________________________________________．
⑤我们应尽一切努力保持人与自然的平衡。(effort；balance)
We're supposed _____________________________________________
________________．
making the occurrence of the emergencies of nature more frequent
to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
Over the past few years，there have been various natural disasters，such as earthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causing severe damage to human beings．Thus，countless houses were in ruins，numerous fields were destroyed，and millions of people suffered great economic losses．
There are several factors contributing to these disasters．First，the rapid population growth has a negative effect on nature，since more people means larger supplies of resources on Earth．What's more，people lack the awareness of environmental protection，making the occurrence of the emergencies of nature more frequent．
In my opinion，we're supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between humans and nature．Only in this way can we humans survive with our planet Earth．
名词/ 动词 devote，gratitude，appreciation，thank，move，touch，appreciate，relief，hug 形容词/副词 thankful，thankfully，grateful，gratefully，
moved，touched，heartfelt，tightly/firmly
语块 ①have a deep gratitude towards对……深怀感激 ②with gratitude/appreciation感激地 ③owe sb．a lot/a great deal非常感激某人 ④be deeply moved/touched by...被……深深感动 流泪 ①shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 ②be moved to tears被感动得落泪 ③with a lump in one's throat哽咽着 ④one's eyes brimming with tears of joy眼里充满喜悦的泪水
微情景1　“自然灾害”——救援场景中的“感激、感动”
The villagers ①____________________ (流下感激的泪水) as the rescue team emerged through the debris．“We ②_________________ (非常感激你们)！” the elderly man said ③______________________ (哽咽着，with复合结构)．Among the volunteers，Dr．Lin ④__________________ (被……深深感动，被动语态) their resilience—a mother holding her child ⑤_______(tight)，her face streaked with mud yet shining with ⑥______________(感激的宽慰，名词短语)．When handed a bottle of water，she ⑦__________(grateful) pressed their hands together and bowed．
shed tears of gratitude
owe you a great deal
with a lump in his throat
was deeply moved by
tightly
thankful relief
gratefully
微情景2　“自然灾害”——灾后重建的“感激、感动”
At the temporary school's opening ceremony，little Mei ①__________ (beam) while presenting a handmade card to the architect．“Thank you for building our new classroom，” she said ②______________ (感激地，副词)．The man ③__________________ (感动得落泪)，recalling how villagers had ④_____________________
_________________(和他的团队一起不知疲倦地工作)．“We ⑤___________________ (对……深怀感激) every helper，” declared
beamed
appreciatively
was touched to tears
worked tirelessly
have deep gratitude to
alongside his team
the principal，his voice ⑥__________(tremble) with emotion．As the crowd applauded，Mei ⑦________________(拥抱她的老师)，both ⑧______________ (满心欢喜，非谓语) at the fresh start．
trembling
hugged her teacher
filled with joy
题型组合练(五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·江苏苏州模拟)
Four days after Hurricane Ida made landfall，the New Orleans meteorologist (气象学家) Margaret Orr took a break after twelve hours on the air to reply to some of her fans on the Internet．Orr，who has
been reporting the weather for forty-two years，is regarded by many residents as a prophet (预言家)．Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm．“And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．” She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm “Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，” she said．“The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way．”
Many of her workmates were sleeping at the station，but Orr preferred to go home，where she had running water but no electricity．She could handle not having an air conditioner．The trick，she said，was to take a cold shower．Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，“I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．” In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．Orr tried to respond to everyone．This dedication earned her great respect from the residents．
Orr has always been fascinated by weather．In 1965，when she was twelve years old，the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family's house in New Orleans．She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．“I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，” she said．
“Bad weather happens everywhere，” she said．“Every now and then，you'll see people saying，why do you live there Well，I live here because it's my home．This is where I grew up．This is the place I love．” She went on，“After Hurricane Katrina，I thought，could I live anywhere else And I decided，no，I couldn't．” She added，“As my daughter said about New Orleans when she was a little girl，‘I even love the dirt．’”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了气象学家Margaret Orr在飓风艾达来袭期间坚守岗位，为民众提供专业且鼓舞人心的天气解读，赢得广泛尊重。尽管家乡常受自然灾害侵袭，她依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地。
1．Orr's explanation about sunshine before a storm can be described as__________．
A．poetic but abstract
B．scientific but tricky
C．encouraging and professional
D．strange and inaccurate
√
C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．’ She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm ‘Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，’ she said．‘The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way．’”可知，Orr首先表示阳光象征希望，然后用专业气象术语解释现象，她的解释既饱含鼓励，又很专业。故选C。]
2．Why did Orr find the lack of the Internet at home a “hardship”？
A．She couldn't access weather data for forecasts．
B．She was unable to respond to people's questions．
C．She needed online resources for air-conditioning．
D．She missed watching news about the hurricane．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，‘I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．’ In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．”可知，Orr认为家里没有互联网是一种“困难”，是因为她无法回答别人的问题。故选B。]
3．What childhood experience sparked Orr's fascination with weather
A．Watching weather reports on television．
B．Reading books about hurricanes at school．
C．Seeing the stars in the eye of Hurricane Betsy．
D．Helping neighbors rebuild after Hurricane Betsy．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Orr has always been fascinated by weather．”和She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．‘I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，’ she said．”可知，童年时在飓风眼中看到星星的经历激发了Orr对天气的迷恋。故选C。]
4．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph
A．Natural disasters are a common threat all over the world．
B．People online don't understand her deep love for her home．
C．She decided to stay mainly because of her daughter's opinion．
D．Emotional attachment is what ties people to their hometown．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管新奥尔良常受自然灾害侵袭，Orr依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地，承载着她深厚的情感归属。由此推知，作者想表达的是，情感依恋是把人们与家乡联系在一起的东西。故选D。]
B
(2025·宁夏银川模拟)
Did you notice our planet is running a serious fever Scientists warn that by 2035，we might cross a critical point：if global temperature rises 2 ℃ above pre-industrial levels，it'll be like pressing a “fast-forward” button on disasters．Coastal cities could turn into real-life “water worlds”， heatwaves will make us feel like living in an oven，and monster typhoons will regularly be uninvited guests．
That 2 ℃ mark isn't random; it's the “safety limit” agreed in the Paris Agreement．Crossing it would be like opening Pandora's box：melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4)，dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems，and parts of the world could become unlivable by 2100．Scary，right But here's the good news：we still hold the reset button．
Abandon fossil fuels like coal and oil，and welcome solar，wind，and other green energy allies (盟友)! While renewable energy is growing like a rocket，it's still not fast enough．Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes (刹车)，but the past 20 years only saw a 3.6% total rise．That's like climbing stairs at a snail's pace — we need to speed up! Raising renewable growth to 5% yearly，way beyond today's pace，could push the climate deadline back a full decade，like hitting “pause” on the countdown clock．
Time is slipping fast．“The climate emergency is not a distant threat; it's unfolding before our eyes．” warns UN Secretary-General António Guterres，“Each year of inaction sharpens the edge of the 2035 cliff，making recovery even harder．” Though the window for effective action is narrowing，history has shown humanity's capacity for transformative change when united by purpose．The question is not whether we can secure a livable planet for future generations．It's whether we have the resolve to act，starting today．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气温上升超过2 ℃这一临界值的风险，如引发各种灾难、破坏生态系统等，以及可再生能源发展缓慢的现状，并强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。
5．What does “a serious fever” in paragraph 1 represent
A．Collapse of the Earth's ecosystem．
B．Abnormal orbiting of the Earth．
C．Rises in global temperature．
D．Discomfort of humans on Earth．
√
C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“你是否注意到我们的星球正在‘发高烧’？科学家警告称，到2035年，我们可能会跨越一个临界点：如果全球气温比工业化前的水平升高2 ℃……”可知，a serious fever指的是全球气温上升，就像地球在发高烧。故选C。]
6．What would be the primary result if the 2 ℃ mark were crossed
A．Coral reefs would die from ocean pollution．
B．Massive methane (CH4) would be given off．
C．Construction of cities would be accelerated．
D．The Paris Agreement would be revised．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Crossing it would be like opening Pandora's box：melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4)，dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems，and parts of the world could become unlivable by 2100．”可知，如果超过2 ℃的临界点，会释放出大量的甲烷，濒死的珊瑚礁会破坏海洋生态系统，世界部分地区可能会变得无法居住。故选B。]
7．What do the figures in paragraph 3 mainly indicate about renewable resources
A．Potential benefits． B．Sufficient supply．
C．Improper applications． D．Slow production．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“While renewable energy is growing like a rocket，it's still not fast enough．Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes，but the past 20 years only saw a 3.6% total rise．That's like climbing stairs at a snail's pace — we need to speed up！”可知，第三段中的数字主要说明了可再生资源的生产缓慢。故选D。]
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Climate Change：Causes and Consequences
B．Renewable Energy：The Ultimate Hope for the Future
C．A Pressing Reality：The Risks of Going Beyond 2 ℃
D．The Reset Button：A Milestone in Battling Global Warming
√
C　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了全球气温上升超过2 ℃这一临界值的风险，如引发各种灾难、破坏生态系统等，以及可再生能源发展缓慢的现状，并强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。C项“一个紧迫的现实：超过2 ℃的风险”符合文章主旨。故选C。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·云南昆明一模)
When Category 3 Hurricane Idalia，complete with 125-mph winds，came across the Gulf of Mexico，Horseshoe Beach took a direct hit．The town，an area with some 200 1 residents，prides itself on residents' strong sense of 2 ．
Now，the town faced a(n) 3 connected with the human existence．Idalia's storm damaged every building and forty homes were
4 away completely．
A community disaster 5 a community response．People who owned second homes in Horseshoe Beach 6 the keys to their now-homeless neighbors to stay as long as they 7 ．Residents brought in their available tools to open the roadways，clearing neighbors' property without a thought of 8 ．

9 by what she saw，25-year-old Lacey Coe realized that all these neighbors were going to need 10 ．So she drove 40 miles to the nearest superstore， 11 up with groceries，returned to her undamaged home，lit a fire and started cooking．She 12 pork steaks，roast chicken，seafood boils，salads and more to neighbors．She worked from 6 a．m．until 11 p．m．and never 13 a dime (十分硬币)．More and more people joined her to form a cooking team．
“She became the 14 of the ship，” says resident Bill Ordner，59，who had never spoken with Coe before the storm but grew close to her family when he made it his business to 15 her however he could：cleaning up，cutting up or carrying ice．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三级飓风伊达利亚重创马蹄海滩，导致房屋损毁严重。面对灾难，小镇居民凭借强烈的社区意识互帮互助，25岁的莱西·科伊深受触动，主动为邻居烹饪食物，众人齐心共渡难关的故事。
1．A．permanent B．temporary
C．elderly D．qualified
√
A　[根据常识可知，住在小镇上的人应该是“常住居民”。故选A项。]
2．A．satisfaction B．community
C．relief D．security
√
B　[根据下文“A community disaster_________ a community response．”可知，这个小镇的居民有很强的社区意识，以“社区”意识为荣。故选B项。]
3．A．competition B．option
C．election D．crisis
√
D　[根据上文可知，飓风直接袭击了小镇，所以小镇面临着一场“危机”。故选D项。]
4．A．burned B．given
C．swept D．thrown
√
C　[根据常识，飓风来袭，房屋应该是被风暴“卷走”，sweep away表示“冲走；卷走”。故选C项。]
5．A．broke off B．called for
C．held back D．speeded up
√
B　[根据下文可知，人们互相帮助，社区灾难发生后，需要社区居民共同应对，所以是“需要”社区的回应。故选B项。]
6．A．returned B．awarded
C．handed D．rented
√
C　[根据上文“People who owned second homes”以及下文“the keys to their now-homeless neighbors to stay”可知，灾难后邻居无家可归，所以有第二套房子的人把钥匙“交给”他们。故选C项。]
7．A．desired B．guaranteed
C．promised D．imagined
√
A　[根据上文“People who owned second homes in Horseshoe Beach_________ the keys to their now-homeless neighbors to stay”和常识可知，有第二套房子的人把钥匙给无家可归的邻居，是让他们“想要”住多久就住多久。故选A项。]
8．A．commitment B．movement
C．payment D．investment
√
C　[根据上文可知，社区居民互相帮助，所以他们清理邻居财产是不求“报酬”的。故选C项。]
9．A．Discouraged B．Amused
C．Touched D．Confused
√
C　[根据上下文描述的人们互相帮助的行为可知，她为邻居买来物资做饭，所以她是被邻居们互帮互助的行为“感动”了。故选C项。]
10．A．instructions B．supplies
C．responses D．approaches
√
B　[根据下文“So she drove 40 miles to the nearest superstore，_________up with groceries，returned to her undamaged home，lit a fire and started cooking．”可知，她去超市买了食品杂货回来做饭，所以她意识到邻居们需要“物资”。故选B项。]
11．A．fed B．put
C．came D．loaded
√
D　[根据上文以及下文“groceries”和“pork steaks，roast chicken，seafood boils，salads and more”可知，她去超市买东西，所以应该是把食品杂货“装载”上车，load up with表示“装载，装满”。故选D项。]
12．A．served B．purchased
C．consumed D．poured
√
A　[根据上文“lit a fire and started cooking”可知，她做好饭后应该是把食物“提供”给邻居们。故选A项。]
13．A．spent B．charged
C．coined D．found
√
B　[根据上文可知，她无私地帮助邻居，所以她为邻居做饭是不“收费”的。故选B项。]
14．A．captain B．architect
C．consultant D．applicant
√
A　[根据上文 “More and more people joined her to form a cooking team．”以及她组织大家一起帮助邻居的行为可知，她在这个过程中起到了引领作用，就像“船长”一样。故选A项。]
15．A．praise B．lead
C．employ D．aid
√
D　[根据下文“cleaning up，cutting up or carrying ice”可知，他做的这些事都是在“帮助”科伊。故选D项。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·江西宜春联考)
How to prepare for a wildfire
By the end of January 10，2025，fierce wildfires burning out of control in the greater Los Angeles area had killed at least six people，forced nearly 180，000 to move from their homes，and destroyed over 1，000 structures，making it the most destructive in L．A．history．The unprecedented wildfires in Los Angeles have produced an alarm around the world，underscoring the importance of being prepared for such disasters．
Before you can effectively prepare，it's very important to understand how wildfires operate．Many think wildfires destroy homes because a wall of flames (火焰) moves across the landscape． 1 ．Now that you know what a wildfire is，here's how you can protect your home and your family．

2 2
Creating a defensible space around your home acts as a barrier against wildfire flames．Home hardening involves constructing with fire-resistant materials．Investing $10，000 to $20，000 in these measures significantly reduces the chance of a home being ravaged by a wildfire，lowering risk by 75%．
Remove dead tree branches
Similar to dry or bagged leaves，dead tree branches are dry，which means they，too，can catch fire quickly．If you have any hanging from trees or laying in your yard，remove them asap．The same rule applies when removing dead tree branches： 3 ．
Create an evacuation (撤离) plan
Families should go over an evacuation plan and practice it well before an emergency actually occurs．Knowing when to leave and being able to go quickly is crucial during an evacuation scenario． 4 ．Then plan your primary and alternative evacuation route，and assemble emergency supplies and store them where you can get them quickly．
Make sure gutters (水槽) are made of metal
5 ．Fix metal gutter covers to reduce leaf litter and windblown debris．This will ensure that things don't burn in them and spread fire to your home．Don't pressure-wash gutters; it can damage them or pull them off your house．
A．Do not store them close to the house
B．Replace plastic gutters with metal ones
C．Things we all have are around our homes
D．It's important to keep away from wildfires
E．Build defensible spaces and harden your home
F．Set a meet up destination for all family members first
G．Actually，it's tiny windblown things that destroy most of them
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预防野火的几项准备措施。
1．G　[根据空前内容“Many think wildfires destroy homes because a wall of flames moves across the landscape．”可推知，很多人对野火有误解，以为是火墙摧毁了房屋。设空处应陈述真正摧毁房屋的是什么。选项G解释了真正摧毁房屋的是风吹来的小燃烧物。故选G。]
2．E　[空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。本段主要建议我们建造一个防御空间并用耐火材料加固家。选项E适合做本段小标题。故选E。]
3．A　[根据空前“The same rule applies when removing dead tree branches”可推知，设空处陈述了一个规则。选项A符合语境，即不要把枯枝和枯叶堆在房屋附近，以免引发火灾。故选A。]
4．F　[根据后文中的Then推知，设空处陈述撤离的第一个步骤。选项F“首先为所有家庭成员设定一个见面地点”符合语境。故选F。]
5．B　[根据后文“Fix metal gutter covers to reduce leaf litter and windblown debris．This will ensure that things don't burn in them and spread fire to your home．”可知，要使用金属水槽。选项B符合小标题“确保排水沟是由金属制成的”内容，同时引出下文内容。故选B。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(五)　必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
(提示：批阅时只需批阅本页即可)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·江苏苏州模拟)
Four days after Hurricane Ida made landfall，the New Orleans meteorologist (气象学家) Margaret Orr took a break after twelve hours on the air to reply to some of her fans on the Internet．Orr，who has been reporting the weather for forty-two years，is regarded by many residents as a prophet (预言家)．Someone asked why the sun always shines before a storm． “And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．” She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm “Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，” she said．“The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way．”
Many of her workmates were sleeping at the station，but Orr preferred to go home，where she had running water but no electricity．She could handle not having an air conditioner．The trick，she said，was to take a cold shower．Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，“I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．” In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．Orr tried to respond to everyone．This dedication earned her great respect from the residents．
Orr has always been fascinated by weather．In 1965，when she was twelve years old，the wind from Hurricane Betsy blew the roof off her family's house in New Orleans．She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．“I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，” she said．
“Bad weather happens everywhere，” she said．“Every now and then，you'll see people saying，why do you live there Well，I live here because it's my home．This is where I grew up．This is the place I love．” She went on，“After Hurricane Katrina，I thought，could I live anywhere else And I decided，no，I couldn't．” She added，“As my daughter said about New Orleans when she was a little girl，‘I even love the dirt．’”
1．Orr's explanation about sunshine before a storm can be described as ．
A．poetic but abstract
B．scientific but tricky
C．encouraging and professional
D．strange and inaccurate
2．Why did Orr find the lack of the Internet at home a “hardship”？
A．She couldn't access weather data for forecasts．
B．She was unable to respond to people's questions．
C．She needed online resources for air-conditioning．
D．She missed watching news about the hurricane．
3．What childhood experience sparked Orr's fascination with weather
A．Watching weather reports on television．
B．Reading books about hurricanes at school．
C．Seeing the stars in the eye of Hurricane Betsy．
D．Helping neighbors rebuild after Hurricane Betsy．
4．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph
A．Natural disasters are a common threat all over the world．
B．People online don't understand her deep love for her home．
C．She decided to stay mainly because of her daughter's opinion．
D．Emotional attachment is what ties people to their hometown．
B
(2025·宁夏银川模拟)
Did you notice our planet is running a serious fever Scientists warn that by 2035，we might cross a critical point: if global temperature rises 2 ℃ above pre-industrial levels，it'll be like pressing a “fast-forward” button on disasters． Coastal cities could turn into real-life “water worlds”，heatwaves will make us feel like living in an oven，and monster typhoons will regularly be uninvited guests．
That 2 ℃ mark isn't random；it's the “safety limit” agreed in the Paris Agreement． Crossing it would be like opening Pandora's box: melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4)，dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems，and parts of the world could become unlivable by 2100．Scary，right But here's the good news: we still hold the reset button．
Abandon fossil fuels like coal and oil，and welcome solar，wind，and other green energy allies (盟友)! While renewable energy is growing like a rocket，it's still not fast enough． Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes (刹车)，but the past 20 years only saw a 3.6% total rise． That's like climbing stairs at a snail's pace — we need to speed up! Raising renewable growth to 5% yearly，way beyond today's pace，could push the climate deadline back a full decade，like hitting “pause” on the countdown clock．
Time is slipping fast． “The climate emergency is not a distant threat；it's unfolding before our eyes．” warns UN Secretary-General António Guterres，“Each year of inaction sharpens the edge of the 2035 cliff，making recovery even harder．” Though the window for effective action is narrowing，history has shown humanity's capacity for transformative change when united by purpose． The question is not whether we can secure a livable planet for future generations． It's whether we have the resolve to act，starting today．
5．What does “a serious fever” in paragraph 1 represent
A．Collapse of the Earth's ecosystem．
B．Abnormal orbiting of the Earth．
C．Rises in global temperature．
D．Discomfort of humans on Earth．
6．What would be the primary result if the 2 ℃ mark were crossed
A．Coral reefs would die from ocean pollution．
B．Massive methane (CH4) would be given off．
C．Construction of cities would be accelerated．
D．The Paris Agreement would be revised．
7．What do the figures in paragraph 3 mainly indicate about renewable resources
A．Potential benefits．　　　 B．Sufficient supply．
C．Improper applications． D．Slow production．
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Climate Change: Causes and Consequences
B．Renewable Energy: The Ultimate Hope for the Future
C．A Pressing Reality: The Risks of Going Beyond 2 ℃
D．The Reset Button: A Milestone in Battling Global Warming
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·云南昆明一模)
When Category 3 Hurricane Idalia，complete with 125-mph winds，came across the Gulf of Mexico，Horseshoe Beach took a direct hit． The town，an area with some 200 1 residents，prides itself on residents' strong sense of 2 ．
Now，the town faced a(n) 3 connected with the human existence． Idalia's storm damaged every building and forty homes were 4 away completely．
A community disaster 5 a community response． People who owned second homes in Horseshoe Beach 6 the keys to their now-homeless neighbors to stay as long as they 7 ． Residents brought in their available tools to open the roadways，clearing neighbors' property without a thought of 8 ．
9 by what she saw，25-year-old Lacey Coe realized that all these neighbors were going to need 10 ． So she drove 40 miles to the nearest superstore， 11 up with groceries，returned to her undamaged home，lit a fire and started cooking． She 12 pork steaks，roast chicken，seafood boils，salads and more to neighbors． She worked from 6 a． m． until 11 p． m． and never 13 a dime (十分硬币)． More and more people joined her to form a cooking team．
“She became the 14 of the ship，” says resident Bill Ordner，59，who had never spoken with Coe before the storm but grew close to her family when he made it his business to 15 her however he could: cleaning up，cutting up or carrying ice．
1．A．permanent B．temporary
C．elderly D．qualified
2．A．satisfaction B．community
C．relief D．security
3．A．competition B．option
C．election D．crisis
4．A．burned B．given
C．swept D．thrown
5．A．broke off B．called for
C．held back D．speeded up
6．A．returned B．awarded
C．handed D．rented
7．A．desired B．guaranteed
C．promised D．imagined
8．A．commitment B．movement
C．payment D．investment
9．A．Discouraged B．Amused
C．Touched D．Confused
10．A．instructions B．supplies
C．responses D．approaches
11．A．fed B．put
C．came D．loaded
12．A．served B．purchased
C．consumed D．poured
13．A．spent B．charged
C．coined D．found
14．A．captain B．architect
C．consultant D．applicant
15．A．praise B．lead
C．employ D．aid
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·江西宜春联考)
How to prepare for a wildfire
By the end of January 10，2025，fierce wildfires burning out of control in the greater Los Angeles area had killed at least six people，forced nearly 180，000 to move from their homes，and destroyed over 1，000 structures，making it the most destructive in L．A．history． The unprecedented wildfires in Los Angeles have produced an alarm around the world，underscoring the importance of being prepared for such disasters．
Before you can effectively prepare，it's very important to understand how wildfires operate． Many think wildfires destroy homes because a wall of flames (火焰) moves across the landscape． 1 ． Now that you know what a wildfire is，here's how you can protect your home and your family．
2
Creating a defensible space around your home acts as a barrier against wildfire flames． Home hardening involves constructing with fire-resistant materials． Investing $10，000 to $20，000 in these measures significantly reduces the chance of a home being ravaged by a wildfire，lowering risk by 75%．
Remove dead tree branches
Similar to dry or bagged leaves，dead tree branches are dry，which means they，too，can catch fire quickly． If you have any hanging from trees or laying in your yard，remove them asap． The same rule applies when removing dead tree branches: 3 ．
Create an evacuation (撤离) plan
Families should go over an evacuation plan and practice it well before an emergency actually occurs． Knowing when to leave and being able to go quickly is crucial during an evacuation scenario． 4 ． Then plan your primary and alternative evacuation route，and assemble emergency supplies and store them where you can get them quickly．
Make sure gutters (水槽) are made of metal
5 ． Fix metal gutter covers to reduce leaf litter and windblown debris． This will ensure that things don't burn in them and spread fire to your home． Don't pressure-wash gutters；it can damage them or pull them off your house．
A．Do not store them close to the house
B．Replace plastic gutters with metal ones
C．Things we all have are around our homes
D．It's important to keep away from wildfires
E．Build defensible spaces and harden your home
F．Set a meet up destination for all family members first
G．Actually，it's tiny windblown things that destroy most of them
题型组合练(五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了气象学家Margaret Orr在飓风艾达来袭期间坚守岗位，为民众提供专业且鼓舞人心的天气解读，赢得广泛尊重。尽管家乡常受自然灾害侵袭，她依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地。
1．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘And I said，to remind us that the sun will shine again．But I don't want the sun emoji．’ She used a heart instead．The real reason the sun shines before a storm ‘Because you've often got high pressure right over you，and it's hot，’ she said．‘The high moves off to the east and pushes the system our way．’”可知，Orr首先表示阳光象征希望，然后用专业气象术语解释现象，她的解释既饱含鼓励，又很专业。故选C。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not having the Internet，though，was a hardship．She said，‘I couldn't check my social media until I got to work，which was annoying．’ In the days leading up to Ida，people contacted Orr through the Internet to get individualized，practical advice．”可知，Orr认为家里没有互联网是一种“困难”，是因为她无法回答别人的问题。故选B。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Orr has always been fascinated by weather．”和She remembers going outside and standing in the eye of the storm．‘I looked up and saw the sky and saw the stars，’ she said．”可知，童年时在飓风眼中看到星星的经历激发了Orr对天气的迷恋。故选C。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管新奥尔良常受自然灾害侵袭，Orr依然选择留守，因为这里是她的家园和成长之地，承载着她深厚的情感归属。由此推知，作者想表达的是，情感依恋是把人们与家乡联系在一起的东西。故选D。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气温上升超过2 ℃这一临界值的风险，如引发各种灾难、破坏生态系统等，以及可再生能源发展缓慢的现状，并强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。
5．C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“你是否注意到我们的星球正在‘发高烧’？科学家警告称，到2035年，我们可能会跨越一个临界点：如果全球气温比工业化前的水平升高2 ℃……”可知，a serious fever指的是全球气温上升，就像地球在发高烧。故选C。]
6．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Crossing it would be like opening Pandora's box: melting Arctic permafrost would release tons of methane (CH4), dying coral reefs would ruin ocean ecosystems, and parts of the world could become unlivable by 2100．”可知，如果超过2 ℃的临界点，会释放出大量的甲烷，濒死的珊瑚礁会破坏海洋生态系统，世界部分地区可能会变得无法居住。故选B。]
7．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“While renewable energy is growing like a rocket, it's still not fast enough． Scientists say we need a 2% annual growth to hit the climate brakes, but the past 20 years only saw a 3．6% total rise． That's like climbing stairs at a snail's pace — we need to speed up！”可知，第三段中的数字主要说明了可再生资源的生产缓慢。故选D。]
8．C　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了全球气温上升超过2 ℃这一临界值的风险，如引发各种灾难、破坏生态系统等，以及可再生能源发展缓慢的现状，并强调了应对气候变化的紧迫性。C项“一个紧迫的现实：超过2 ℃的风险”符合文章主旨。故选C。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三级飓风伊达利亚重创马蹄海滩，导致房屋损毁严重。面对灾难，小镇居民凭借强烈的社区意识互帮互助，25岁的莱西·科伊深受触动，主动为邻居烹饪食物，众人齐心共渡难关的故事。
1．A　[根据常识可知，住在小镇上的人应该是“常住居民”。故选A项。]
2．B　[根据下文“A community disaster a community response．”可知，这个小镇的居民有很强的社区意识，以“社区”意识为荣。故选B项。]
3．D　[根据上文可知，飓风直接袭击了小镇，所以小镇面临着一场“危机”。故选D项。]
4．C　[根据常识，飓风来袭，房屋应该是被风暴“卷走”，sweep away表示“冲走；卷走”。故选C项。]
5．B　[根据下文可知，人们互相帮助，社区灾难发生后，需要社区居民共同应对，所以是“需要”社区的回应。故选B项。]
6．C　[根据上文“People who owned second homes”以及下文“the keys to their now homeless neighbors to stay”可知，灾难后邻居无家可归，所以有第二套房子的人把钥匙“交给”他们。故选C项。]
7．A　[根据上文“People who owned second homes in Horseshoe Beach the keys to their now homeless neighbors to stay”和常识可知，有第二套房子的人把钥匙给无家可归的邻居，是让他们“想要”住多久就住多久。故选A项。]
8．C　[根据上文可知，社区居民互相帮助，所以他们清理邻居财产是不求“报酬”的。故选C项。]
9．C　[根据上下文描述的人们互相帮助的行为可知，她为邻居买来物资做饭，所以她是被邻居们互帮互助的行为“感动”了。故选C项。]
10．B　[根据下文“So she drove 40 miles to the nearest superstore, up with groceries, returned to her undamaged home, lit a fire and started cooking．”可知，她去超市买了食品杂货回来做饭，所以她意识到邻居们需要“物资”。故选B项。]
11．D　[根据上文以及下文“groceries”和“pork steaks, roast chicken, seafood boils, salads and more”可知，她去超市买东西，所以应该是把食品杂货“装载”上车，load up with表示“装载，装满”。故选D项。]
12．A　[根据上文“lit a fire and started cooking”可知，她做好饭后应该是把食物“提供”给邻居们。故选A项。]
13．B　[根据上文可知，她无私地帮助邻居，所以她为邻居做饭是不“收费”的。故选B项。]
14．A　[根据上文 “More and more people joined her to form a cooking team．”以及她组织大家一起帮助邻居的行为可知，她在这个过程中起到了引领作用，就像“船长”一样。故选A项。]
15．D　[根据下文“cleaning up, cutting up or carrying ice”可知，他做的这些事都是在“帮助”科伊。故选D项。]
Ⅲ．1．G　2．E　3．A　4．F　5．B
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