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/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末复习考点培优沪教版（五四学制）
（新教材）专题08 语法选择
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Su Shi was a very famous poet. People also called him Dongpo. He loved writing poems and wanted to serve 1 country. He also truly loved life.
When he was sent to Huangzhou, he didn’t feel sad. Every morning, he got up early 2 on the farm and planted vegetables by himself.
In Huangzhou, many families raised some 3 , so pork (猪肉) was common. But rich people didn’t like it, and poor people 4 how to cook it well.
One day, a guest came to his home. Su Shi decided to cook pork for 5 guest. He boiled the pork first, then 6 it slowly with yellow wine and spices (黄酒和香料). After that, he went to play chess 7 the guest. He was so engrossed* in the game 8 he forgot about the pork.
When he remembered, he thought the pork was burnt. But when he checked, the pork looked red and smelled great. It 9 soft and very delicious.
After that, Su Shi often cooked the pork like this. People loved it, and it became a 10 dish called “Dongpo Pork”.
*The word “engrossed” means sth. interests you so much that you do not notice anything else.
1．A．he B．him C．his D．himself
2．A．sleep B．to sleep C．work D．to work
3．A．pigs B．pig C．horses D．horse
4．A．not knew B．not know C．didn’t know D．don’t know
5．A．a B．the C．an D．/
6．A．is cooking B．will cook C．cooks D．cooked
7．A．with B．to C．at D．on
8．A．while B．or C．that D．unless
9．A．were B．was C．are D．be
10．A．busy B．busily C．famous D．famously
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Dancing to beautiful Yi ethnic (民族的) music, over 500 people enjoyed the Buma Music Festival on September 16. The festival started 11 2021. It was held by a band called Wild Sounds. Why did the band do that
12 they went to Liangshan to collect Yi songs in 2018, the band met a local boy. “His clothes were old and dirty, but his eyes 13 so bright.” said Chisha, the leader of the band. “I knew he wanted to see 14 world outside the mountains with his eyes.”
Many local teenagers feel sad that they 15 the money to go to university. “I also grew up in the mountains, but I’m 16 than these children,” said Chisha, “I can get out of the mountains for higher education and learn music. I want to help 17 see a bigger world.”
The band decided 18 something. They started the Buma Music Festival. “Through the festival, Liangshan is helping the children by sharing its music.” said Chisha, “Music 19 help make the world a better place.” According to Chisha, the Buma Music Festival 20 more than ten Liangshan teenagers go to university so far. This year, at least 10 more will get help.
11．A．on B．in C．for D．at
12．A．When B．Until C．If D．So
13．A．is B．was C．are D．were
14．A．a B．an C．the D．/
15．A．don’t have B．don’t had C．not have D．not had
16．A．lucky B．luckier C．luckiest D．most lucky
17．A．their B．theirs C．they D．them
18．A．do B．doing C．to do D．does
19．A．should B．shouldn’t C．can D．can’t
20．A．has helped B．helped C．is helping D．help
The shadow puppet play is an ancient way of storytelling, which has a long history in China. It is 21 thought of as an ancient art of China.
The shadow puppet play has become quite popular 22 the Song dynasty. During the Ming dynasty, there 23 40 to 50 shadow puppet show groups in Beijing. In 24 13th century, the shadow puppet show became a kind of activity in the army. Then it 25 to other Asian countries. Later, it was introduced to countries in Europe.
Characters used in the play look pretty and lively. However, making them 26 high skills. The skin of bulls is commonly used to make shadow puppets. People first clean and take the fat away to make the skin as thin as possible. Then they draw pictures 27 it and cut it out. After that, they put it in the water to add colours and take it out to make it dry. It is the most difficult and important step. Lastly, the skin is tied to sticks together for the plays. Excellent makers can make the characters 28 many things. By controlling the sticks, the character can 29 to walk, dance, fight, nod, laugh and so on. The colours are usually red, green, black and yellow so that 30 can last for a long time.
21．A．too B．also C．neither D．either
22．A．across B．towards C．since D．except
23．A．are B．were C．was D．is
24．A．a B．an C．the D．/
25．A．is spreading B．spreading C．spreads D．was spread
26．A．require B．requires C．required D．was required
27．A．for B．at C．on D．by
28．A．do B．to do C．doing D．to be done
29．A．make B．making C．be made D．made
30．A．it B．its C．they D．their
根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。
I thought I knew a lot about Hamlet, a play by Shakespeare. Having read 31 play many times and seen several shows, I thought nothing could surprise me anymore 32 I watched a Peking Opera version (京剧版本) of Hamlet called The Revenge of Prince Zidan. It completely blew my mind.
With a history of over 200 years, Peking Opera wins me over with its old and beautiful style. Therefore, I 33 to watch the show. The opera began with Chinese traditional 34 like jinghu. At first, I thought the music was from a violin, but later I learned it was an instrument called jinghu. The clothes and masks the performers wore were 35 amazing that they attracted my attention the second they were on the stage. They sang in Chinese, but thanks to the music and their moves, I could understand the story better. They showed the meanings very 36 and the simple stage turned a small place into a whole world. The performers’ movements were incredible. I never saw Hamlet 37 a backflip (后空翻) before! It was with no doubt one of 38 shows I had ever watched. I could not tell 39 they were performers or athletes.
In short, The Revenge of Prince Zidan is a great combination of music, drama and art. I enjoyed 40 a lot during the show and learned more about the play Hamlet.
31．A．a B．an C．the
32．A．until B．unless C．when
33．A．decide B．decided C．was deciding
34．A．instrument B．instruments C．instruments’
35．A．so B．such C．very
36．A．clear B．clearer C．clearly
37．A．do B．doing C．did
38．A．exciting B．more exciting C．the most exciting
39．A．that B．if C．what
40．A．I B．me C．myself
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Miao embroidery (刺绣) is a unique art form of the Miao people and the special cultural heritage of China. The Miao ethnic group has a long history but no traditional writing forms. So they use embroidery 41 their daily lives.
This embroidery style comes from different places in Guizhou Province in southwest China. Among 42 many styles, Leishan Miao embroidery is very famous. In 2006, it 43 as a national cultural heritage. One of its important patterns shows butterflies, birds, and flowers. It tells 44 old story of birds saving a child and it is still shown on children’s clothes to bring 45 and good luck. Today, there 46 over 100 styles of Miao embroidery. Each has its own patterns with local stories. Patterns like the phoenix and the dragon are symbols of happiness, 47 the “yin-yang fish” and the sun show the Miao people’s respect for nature. These patterns also express their hope of 48 a better life.
49 embroideries often show real scenes, but Miao embroidery uses simple symbols mixed with beautiful patterns. For example, the “yin-yang fish” means good luck in Chinese culture.
Miao embroideries are not just art—it can also be used in daily life and has been passed down through generations. Miao embroidery is becoming much 50 now. It shows the beauty of China’s cultural heritage.
41．A．record B．records C．to record D．recording
42．A．it B．itself C．it’s D．its
43．A．listed B．lists C．was listed D．is listed
44．A．a B．an C．the D．/
45．A．health B．healthy C．healthier D．healthily
46．A．is B．are C．has D．have
47．A．so B．while C．because D．or
48．A．live B．lives C．lived D．living
49．A．Other B．Others C．The others D．Another
50．A．more popular B．most popular C．more popularly D．the most popular
Which is more important in our life, the family or the dream The film Coco (《寻梦环游记》) gives us the answer. In the film, it tells a story about 51 boy named Miguel. He dreams of 52 a musician. But none of his family supports 53 . They seem to hate music and don’t allow him 54 or play any musical instrument.
They stop Miguel from making his dream come true, and this makes Miguel 55 and he even wants to run away from his family. Then on the festival Dia de los Muertos (亡灵节), he is taken to the “Land of the Dead” 56 accident. Miguel meets his dead family members and has an adventure (冒险) there. Miguel realizes his dream at the end of the film. And he also knows that family is 57 part of his life.
We also have our own dreams. Sometimes our parents don’t understand us well. As a result, we may argue with them. What should we do 58 that happens The 59 way to solve the problem is to communicate. After all, that doesn’t mean our parents don’t love us anymore. Our parents love us 60 in the world. We should understand them at the same time.
The dream is important, so is the family. Do you agree
51．A．the B．an C．a
52．A．become B．becoming C．becomes
53．A．himself B．he C．him
54．A．sing B．to sing C．singing
55．A．anger B．angrily C．angry
56．A．with B．by C．for
57．A．important B．more important C．the most important
58．A．although B．if C．because
59．A．good B．better C．best
60．A．most B．more C．many
Alex was a kind boy. He was interested in exploring the world. One sunny morning, he 61 a new face in a park. It was a girl named Lily around his age. Alex introduced 62 and Lily replied with a smile. Then, Alex showed her around and introduced her to his friends. They spent all day 63 in the park.
One day, Alex noticed Lily’s star-shaped birthmark (胎记). “Your birthmark is so cool!” Alex said. Lily smiled, touching her face 64 , “Thank you. But sometimes, I feel a little different because of it.” “Lily, being different 65 each of us special. It’s like the different colours on a butterfly’s wings,” Alex said. Hearing this, Lily’s face lit up with 66 .
As time passed, they learned from each other’s experiences and discovered new things together. One day, Alex and Lily organized a picnic and invited all their 67 . Each child brought a dish of their own culture. The air was filled with laughter 68 they sat together and shared different foods. “This is 69 than my usual sandwich!” Alex laughed.
After that, they created a colourful school poster. On 70 poster were the words, “We are different, and that’s what makes us special!”
Together, they taught students the value of respecting differences and spreading (传播) kindness.
61．A．is finding B．finds C．found D．has found
62．A．he B．him C．his D．himself
63．A．play B．to play C．played D．playing
64．A．shy B．shyly C．excited D．excitedly
65．A．is made B．makes C．was making D．is making
66．A．happy B．unhappy C．happily D．happiness
67．A．teacher B．teachers C．friend D．friends
68．A．as B．if C．before D．unless
69．A．good B．better C．best D．the best
70．A．a B．an C．the D．/
Last summer, a heavy rainstorm hit our town. At first, it was just a normal rain, but soon the sky grew dark and the rain fell heavily. The river rose quickly and put many homes 71 danger. The water level kept rising by the minute.
My family decided to leave early. We set 72 for my uncle’s house on the hill before the water got too high. I looked out the window and saw trees bending(弯曲) in the strong wind. I watched the rising water with 73 . My mom held my hand and told me everything would be okay. But I kept wondering 74 we could make it there safely. Finally, we saw the hill in the distance. We all felt a little relaxed.
As soon as we arrived, it started raining harder and 75 . The wind also grew much stronger. Raindrops hit the windows like small stones. In 76 moment, the streets downstairs were all flooded. Watching the rising water from the window, my dad told us it 77 him of a terrible storm years ago. He shared how people then helped each other in the heavy rain. The rain 78 to fall heavily throughout the night. We couldn’t sleep well, but we felt thankful to be safe. 79 happened outside, at least we were together. The next morning, the rain finally stopped. We got down to helping our neighbors clean up their homes. As we worked, my mom said to me, “In times like this, we should stick 80 something meaningful to help others.” Everyone worked together. We were tired but thankful to be safe.
71．A．in B．down C．through
72．A．up B．off C．on
73．A．fear B．fears C．fear’s
74．A．why B．how C．whether
75．A．hard B．harder C．hardly
76．A．a B．an C．the
77．A．remind B．reminds C．reminded
78．A．continue B．continuing C．continued
79．A．Whatever B．Where C．When
80．A．do B．to do C．to doing
Most people think science is difficult. But do you believe hundreds of people can be attracted by a science magazine cover Wang Yixi and his team 81 it. Their design became the cover of Structure, a famous science magazine.
The cover is a Chinese ink painting. It shows a farmer leading an ox 82 a bridge, with a boy carrying a bamboo basket. In the river, there are jellyfish and lotus flowers. Scientific structures are also mixed into the painting. It shows how a special enzyme (酶) works— 83 outstanding new success by Chinese scientists.
When Wang studied chemistry at university, he found many scientific ideas were hard to understand. He wanted to help people understand them 84 . So he took up drawing 85 a hobby. He tried to make difficult scientific facts become much 86 with beautiful pictures. He really enjoyed 87 while creating.
As time went by, Wang decided 88 a company. Over four years, he and his team created more than 10,000 89 for different research papers. With more Chinese science papers, scientists want to add traditional ideas, like tai chi, peonies and the Monkey King. Wang says it gives him a sense of 90 to show top science and beautiful Chinese art, making science easy and fun for everyone.
81．A．make B．made C．makes
82．A．in B．through C．across
83．A．an B．a C．the
84．A．clear B．clearly C．clearness
85．A．as B．with C．of
86．A．simple B．simpler C．simplest
87．A．him B．his C．himself
88．A．to start B．start C．starting
89．A．work B．works C．work’s
90．A．achieve B．achieved C．achievement
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever wondered how great discoveries are made Often, they happen 91 accident. One such story is about Sir Alexander Fleming. In 1928, he was a scientist studying bacteria. Before he went on holiday, he 92 left some dirty Petri dishes (培养皿) in his lab. When he returned, he noticed that mould (霉菌) had grown on one dish. 93 his surprise, the bacteria near the mould had died.
Fleming realized the mould might be something special. He 94 produce something that could kill bacteria. This discovery didn’t happen overnight. He spent months doing experiments to confirm his finding. He found that the mould could 95 to stop bacteria from growing. He named it “penicillin”.
However, Fleming’s work was almost forgotten for ten years. It was during World War II 96 two other scientists, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, continued the research. They needed to produce a large amount of penicillin quickly. The British government couldn’t afford to build big factories alone, 97 the USA helped. They developed a method to mass-produce the drug.
Penicillin has since 98 millions of lives. It can treat serious illnesses like pneumonia. It is one of the most 99 medical discoveries in history. The discovery of penicillin truly changed the 100 of medicine and saved countless soldiers and civilians.
91．A．to B．by C．for
92．A．had B．has C．is having
93．A．In B．At C．To
94．A．might B．should C．must
95．A．be used B．use C．using
96．A．which B．that C．when
97．A．but B．so C．or
98．A．save B．saving C．saved
99．A．important B．more important C．most important
100．A．course B．cause C．coast
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Disney products make people’s childhood lively and colourful. Millions of people have seen Disney films and TV programmes. They have made friends with all the main Disney characters: Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Snow White, and Peter Pan. Millions more have visited Disney Parks. It is not 101 that it has been a dream factory.
Walt Disney was born in Chicago. He grew up 102 a farm in Missouri after his family moved there. At the age of 16, Disney 103 to study art in Chicago. Four years later, he joined 104 famous advertisement (广告) company. He helped make cartoon advertisements.
But then he left for Hollywood 105 he decided to make cartoons there. In these cartoons, he made the pictures 106 in a lively way. Disney wanted to bring 107 pictures to life.
Mickey Mouse 108 with a group of circles. People first saw Mickey Mouse in a film called Steamboat Willie. The film was produced in 1928 109 it was a huge success. Mickey Mouse appeared in hundreds of cartoons during the following years. It became famous all over the world.
Walt Disney left us in 1966. But his cartoons 110 still alive now. They are still popular with many people all over the world.
101．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised D．surprisingly
102．A．at B．in C．to D．on
103．A．has begun B．beginning C．begins D．began
104．A．/ B．the C．an D．a
105．A．because B．if C．so D．although
106．A．to move B．move C．moving D．moved
107．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
108．A．draw B．drew C．drawn D．was drawn
109．A．but B．however C．or D．and
110．A．was B．were C．is D．are
Peter is a violinist and music teacher in a village. 111 man is sharing his love of music with the children in his hometown by doing something special.
The price 112 instruments is rising, so it is hard for many families to buy a violin. Peter thinks that the only way of getting instruments is to make them himself. He tries many 113 to make the violins. Finally, he decides to make them with wood.
In his home workshop, Peter can 114 a violin for about 20 pounds. Buying a real violin costs much more—about 150 pounds. In his hometown, people there 115 very poor. It seems to be impossible for them to spend so much money buying a violin.
Peter’s violins 116 “bottle” violins. They don’t look like the real thing, but they sound just like the real thing. Peter gives free lessons to young children. He teaches them 117 the violin. He waits for the children in the park on Sundays. To his joy, 118 children walk miles in order to take lessons with him.
Peter makes these special violins in hope of sharing 119 love of music with more children, even though he himself is poor. Showing his new violin invention, Peter says online, “I believe that 120 can stop you from showing love for music when you love it.”
111．A．The B．A C．An D．/
112．A．with B．of C．in D．to
113．A．way B．way’s C．ways’ D．ways
114．A．to make B．making C．make D．made
115．A．are B．be C．is D．was
116．A．called B．call C．is called D．are called
117．A．play B．to play C．gather D．to gather
118．A．few B．little C．many D．much
119．A．his B．he C．him D．himself
120．A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last month, something bad happened between me and my best friend, Tom. And it really made me sad.
It all began during a basketball game in P.E. class. We were both on the same team and really wanted to win. In the final minutes of the game, I 121 for the ball all the time. Finally, I had the ball. Instead of 122 it to Tom, who was in a better place, I shot the ball by myself. 123 , I missed, and we lost the game.
After the game, Tom was really angry with me. He said I only thought of 124 and didn’t think about the team. I felt badly hurt, because I didn’t mean to think of myself. I just wanted to win so much that I made a wrong 125 . I didn’t talk to him for a whole week and 126 did he. And it was really uncomfortable.
Later, I realized that both of us 127 wrong. Because I didn’t pass the ball to him and he was angry without listening to me. So, I decided to explain to him 128 we could be friends again.
When there is a problem, I think we should have a talk, understand each other’s 129 , and solve problems together. Now, we are still best friends, and our friendship is even 130 . After the matter, we learned that communication is really important in a friendship.
121．A．am running B．was running C．run
122．A．passing B．to pass C．pass
123．A．Unlucky B．Luckily C．Unluckily
124．A．I B．myself C．me
125．A．decisions B．decision C．decide
126．A．neither B．either C．both
127．A．was B．were C．are
128．A．so that B．in order to C．such that
129．A．feel B．feelings C．feeling
130．A．strong B．the strongest C．stronger
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Today I want to introduce a world-famous landscape painting called Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains. It 131 by Huang Gongwang, one of the Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty. He began 132 on it at almost eighty years old. He first made a rough drawing of the whole painting in one sitting. Over the following years, he then added details to the painting 133 he was in the mood. It is said he spent 4 to 7 years 134 this masterpiece.
Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains shows the 135 of the countryside of Jiangnan. The painting takes us on 136 breathtaking journey in the mountains. Along the way, we follow narrow paths, cross wooden bridges and pass along a wide river. 137 carefully, and you can see people far away in the landscape. Besides, some woodsmen are hidden among the trees. On the river, there is a man sitting 138 and fishing on the boat. It looks like he is at one with 139 . Seeing this masterpiece 140 you feel peaceful, right
Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains was 141 a great masterpiece that it was copied by hundreds of artists. However, it 142 by fire and it was split into two pieces in 1651. 143 , the two parts were shown together in one exhibition in 2011. 144 amazing it was! I hope this legendary painting 145 in my city in the future.
131．A．are painted B．were painted C．was painted D．will be painted
132．A．work B．working C．works D．worked
133．A．because B．whenever C．unless D．although
134．A．finish B．finished C．to finish D．finishing
135．A．beauty B．beautiful C．most beautiful D．beautifully
136．A．a B．an C．the D．/
137．A．Looked B．Look C．Looking D．Looks
138．A．lonely B．on C．along D．alone
139．A．nature B．natural C．naturally D．natures
140．A．make B．made C．making D．makes
141．A．so B．such C．very D．too
142．A．was damaging B．was damaged C．is damaged D．is damaging
143．A．Fortunately B．Fortunate C．Unfortunately D．Unfortunate
144．A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
145．A．was shown B．is shown C．showed D．will be shown
People of different ages are fond of watching cartoons. Do you know how to make 146 cartoon correctly
In the first stage, you need to decide on some basic ideas for a story. And then you should think about the characters you want and what they will look like. At the same time, make a rough sketch of the story. In the next stage, use a computer 147 detailed pictures and add colour. Each picture should be made a little different from the one before it to make the characters and things appear to move. Next, a computer program is used to put the pictures together as a film. Lastly, record the characters’ voices and sound effects. After 148 has been checked, the cartoon is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy.
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera both thought of the idea of a cat and a mouse. They thought it would be funny if the mouse was clever and always got the cat into trouble. The first Tom and Jerry cartoon 149 in cinemas in 1940. It was a great success. Tom and Jerry became two of the most popular 150 in the world. Hanna and Barbera spent more than 17 years 151 114 Tom and Jerry cartoons. Almost every cartoon ends with Tom 152 trouble and Jerry laughing at him. 153 funny the stories are! The cartoons were 154 good that they won a number of awards. Nowadays, the famous cat and mouse remain as 155 as before.
146．A．a B．an C．the D．/
147．A．drawing B．drew C．to draw D．draw
148．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
149．A．is shown B．was shown C．shows D．showed
150．A．character B．characters C．a character D．the characters
151．A．making B．to make C．make D．made
152．A．for B．at C．from D．in
153．A．How a B．What a C．What D．How
154．A．such B．so C．very D．much
155．A．more popular B．the most popular C．popular D．popularly
请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Many years ago, on my first day at college, something touching happened. As I walked around the campus, my attention 156 by a classmate. He was carrying a big bag. The bag was so heavy that he couldn’t hold it. Looking a bit worried, he came up to me and asked 157 help. I offered my hand at once. He smiled brightly and thanked me right away.
One week later, we started 158 military training (军训). We had to reach the playground by 6:30 am daily. One morning, I was still asleep at 6:20. That classmate woke me up. 159 , none of us was late for that day’s training.
From then on, we became close friends. Over the next four years, we helped each other often, but we almost never said “thank you”.
I always felt thankful when I received help. But I was often too 160 to say it aloud. I thought everyone had 161 same feeling as me.
After I started to work, however, my attitude towards thanks changed. A “thank you” is often just a polite ending for a conversation. It also makes the office a lovelier place. I suddenly realized that I 162 thank my old friend and I did it right away. At first, he was surprised to hear my thanks on the phone, 163 later we talked and laughed over time. It seems that both of 164 got much closer than ever before. 165 powerful word “thanks” is! Whenever you feel thankful, just say it.
156．A．catches B．was caught C．is caught
157．A．of B．for C．after
158．A．to receive B．received C．receives
159．A．Lucky B．Luckily C．luck
160．A．shy B．shyer C．shyest
161．A．a B．an C．the
162．A．should B．can C．may
163．A．but B．because C．so
164．A．we B．our C．us
165．A．What B．What a C．How
在每小题所给的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
Long long ago, there was a young man called Gongsun Mu. He came from a poor family, 166 it never stopped him from learning more knowledge. He wanted 167 to the top school, the Tai Xue. However, the cost was too high for him. To make money, he decided to work as a farmer for Wu You, who was a rich man and wanted some farmers to pound (捣碎) rice.
One day, while Gongsun Mu 168 , Wu You happened to pass by. Wu guessed Gongsun didn’t do much farm work before, so he had a talk with Gongsun. During 169 communication, Wu You found that Gongsun was really talented. At that time, it was unusual for a rich man to show so 170 kindness to a poor man. Wu didn’t care 171 Gongsun was at all. Instead, what Wu cared was Gongsun’s knowledge and talent.
In the following days, Wu You helped Gongsun Mu get used to the farm work. Besides, Wu always shared his life experience 172 Gongsun. Soon they became good friends 173 they had different social status (地位). Later, Wu even offered a lot of money to Gongsun. With Wu’s help, Gongsun was able to continue 174 study at the Tai Xue.
The story between them is remembered by people because it 175 us what a real friendship should be.
166．A．and B．but C．or
167．A．to go B．going C．go
168．A．works B．worked C．was working
169．A．a B．an C．the
170．A．many B．much C．more
171．A．who B．where C．how
172．A．with B．among C．between
173．A．until B．unless C．although
174．A．he B．his C．him
175．A．tell B．told C．tells
根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。
Last week, there was a terrible typhoon in our city. I remember what I was doing when it suddenly 176 . I was watching TV at home. Suddenly, the wind became very strong and the rain started to fall 177 . My mother told me to stay 178 from the windows.
My friend Kate was doing her homework when the typhoon came. She saw the lights go out. She was scared because it was very dark. She called her mother to ask 179 to do.
My 180 friend, Jiaming, was preparing lunch in the kitchen when the typhoon started. He heard the sound of 181 rain hitting the windows. He quickly closed all the windows and doors.
After the typhoon, we saw many fallen trees and broken windows. Some streets were 182 with water. But luckily, no one was hurt.
The next day, we helped clean up the 183 . We picked up branches and leaves from the streets. It was hard work, 184 we felt good to help.
Now I know how important it is to be 185 during a natural disaster. We should always listen to the warnings and stay safe.
176．A．happen B．happened C．was happening
177．A．heavy B．heavily C．heaviness
178．A．away B．near C．to
179．A．what B．where C．when
180．A．Other B．The other C．Another
181．A．/ B．a C．the
182．A．fill B．filled C．filling
183．A．mess B．messes C．garden
184．A．so B．but C．because
185．A．careful B．careless C．carelessly
From Shells to Paper
Today, we pay for things with a tap of a phone, but money has a long history. Thousands of years ago, people didn’t use coins. They bartered (以物易物). A farmer might trade his chickens for a pair of shoes. However, this system was inconvenient. Imagine carrying a bag of rice just 186 a haircut!
Later, people started using objects like cowrie shells as money. Shells were light, beautiful, and hard to find. They were the earliest form of currency in China. As trade grew, metal coins appeared. Copper coins with a square hole in the middle 187 widely in ancient China. They were easy to carry on a string.
The biggest change happened during the Song Dynasty. Merchants found that carrying heavy metal coins was troublesome for big business. So, the world’s first paper money, 188 was called Jiaozi, appeared in Sichuan. This invention made trade much faster. By the time Marco Polo visited China, paper money had become a common sight. He was 189 by this “magic paper”.
Money keeps changing its form. In the past, money was made of gold or silver. Its value was real. Today, money 190 mostly numbers in a bank account. 191 the form changes, the function remains the same. Money is a medium of exchange. It allows us to get 192 we need without trading chickens for shoes.
Understanding the history of money helps us understand human progress. It shows 193 smart our ancestors were. The next time you hold a banknote, look at the patterns 194 on it. It tells a story of trust and value 195 lasted for centuries.
186．A．to get B．got C．getting
187．A．used B．were used C．had used
188．A．which B．that C．what
189．A．to amaze B．amazing C．amazed
190．A．is B．was C．has been
191．A．Although B．Because C．When
192．A．that B．which C．what
193．A．how B．what C．that
194．A．print B．printed C．printing
195．A．that B．who C．where
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。
Qin Yueyu is an art student from Shandong College of Arts. She has spent six 196 working hard to copy a beautiful ancient mural (壁画) from Dunhuang’s Mogao Grottoes. This special project will be her graduation (毕业) work.
For Qin, the murals 197 not just old paintings— they are treasures of China. “I chose this 198 these murals show the main parts of Chinese art history,” she explained.
Since starting her studies, Qin has carefully copied many murals. Her love for Dunhuang art began when she was a child. “I first got 199 after watching the movie The Nine-coloured Deer,” she said. This cartoon was actually based on a real Dunhuang mural.
Qin hopes her work can help share the beauty of these ancient paintings 200 more people. “The real murals can’t 201 from the caves (洞穴) ,” she said, “but by making copies, we can bring them to life and let more people see them.”
202 young artist plans to study more about these historical art works. She also wants 203 Chinese culture around the world. “These old paintings 204 young artists today,” Qin believes. 205 project shows how we can enjoy ancient art while protecting it for the future.
196．A．months B．month C．months’ D．month’s
197．A．am B．is C．are D．be
198．A．so B．because C．but D．if
199．A．tiring B．tired C．interesting D．interested
200．A．on B．by C．with D．for
201．A．be moved B．moved C．are moved D．move
202．A．A B．The C．An D．/
203．A．hold B．to hold C．spread D．to spread
204．A．encourages B．has encouraged C．encourage D．encouraged
205．A．Her B．Hers C．She D．Herself
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/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文讲述了宋代诗人苏轼（苏东坡）被贬黄州后，不沮丧，亲自耕种劳动。当地猪肉常见，但富人不爱吃穷人不会做。一次待客时，他用黄酒和香料慢炖猪肉，因下棋忘记时间，结果发现猪肉红亮香软，非常美味。此后这种做法流传开来，成为名菜“东坡肉”。
【解析】1．句意：他热爱写诗，并且想要服务他的国家。
此处表示“他的国家”，应使用形容词性物主代词his来修饰“country”，his“他的”，符合题意。he“他”，主格；him“他”，宾格；himself“他自己”，反身代词，均不能作定语。
2．句意：每天早上，他早起去农场劳动，并自己种菜。
get up early to do sth.表示“早起做某事”，此处用动词不定式to work作目的状语，且后文“planted”与“work”是并列动作。sleep意为“睡觉”，不符合语境。
3．句意：在黄州，许多家庭养了一些猪，所以猪肉很常见。
由后文“pork”可知，此处指养猪，some修饰可数名词复数，pigs要用复数形式。pig和horse均为单数不能与some连用，horses意为“马”，与猪肉无关。
4．句意：但富人不爱吃猪肉，穷人不知道如何把它做得好吃。
全文叙述过去事件，应使用一般过去时。主语“poor people”为复数，否定形式为didn’t know。not knew语法错误，not know缺少助动词，don’t know为一般现在时。
5．句意：苏轼决定为这位客人做猪肉。
上文提到“A guest came to his home”，此处再次提及这位客人，表示特指，应使用定冠词the。a/an表示泛指，此处不合适。
6．句意：他先把猪肉煮一下，然后用黄酒和香料慢炖它。
句子描述过去一连串动作，谓语动词应使用一般过去时，动词要用过去式。“boiled”与“and”后的动词应时态一致，cooked符合题意。is cooking“正在煮”，现在进行时；will cook“将要煮”，一般将来时；cooks“煮”，一般现在时，均不符合题意。
7．句意：之后，他与客人下棋去了。
play chess with sb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人下棋”。to/at/on均不能与play chess构成正确搭配。
8．句意：他如此专注于棋局，以至于忘记了猪肉。
so…that…为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，用于引导结果状语从句。while“当……时”；or“否则”；unless“除非”，均不符合逻辑。
9．句意：它口感软嫩，非常美味。
主语“It”指代猪肉，为第三人称单数；全文为一般过去时，应使用动词的过去式，所以be动词用was。were用于you或第一、三人称复数，are为一般现在时，be为动词原形，均不符合题意。
10．句意：人们喜爱它，它成为一道著名的菜肴，叫作“东坡肉”。
修饰名词dish应使用形容词，famous意为“著名的”，符合这道菜后来成为有名的“东坡肉”的语境。busy“忙碌的”；busily“忙碌地”，副词；famously“著名地”，副词，均不符合语境。
11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B 17．D 18．C 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文讲述Wild Sounds乐队创办Buma音乐节，通过分享音乐帮助凉山彝族青少年实现大学梦想的感人故事。
【解析】11．句意：这个音乐节始于2021年。
年份前应用介词in；on用于具体日期，for表持续时间，at用于具体时刻，均不符合语法。
12．句意：2018年，当他们去凉山收集彝族歌曲时，乐队遇到了一个当地男孩。
“...they went to Liangshan to collect Yi songs in 2018”，此处表示“当……的时候”，应用When；Until“直到”；If “如果”；So“所以”，均与语境不符。
13．句意：他的衣服又旧又脏，但他的眼睛是那么明亮。
主语“his eyes”为复数，句子时态为一般过去时，应用were；is/was为单数形式，are为一般现在时，均不符合语法。
14．句意：我知道他想亲眼看看山外的世界。
固定搭配the world outside…表示“……之外的世界”，应用定冠词the；a/an为不定冠词，此处不表泛指，/不填也不符合搭配。
15．句意：许多当地青少年因为没有钱上大学而感到难过。
“they ...the money to go to university.”表明，此处指没有钱上大学，是客观事实，时态是一般现在时的否定形式，主语“they”为复数，应用don’t have；don’t had形式错误，not have/not had结构错误，均不符合语法。
16．句意：我也在山里长大，但我比这些孩子幸运。
“I’m...than these children”此处指比其他孩子幸运，句中出现比较级标志词“than”，需使用形容词比较级luckier；lucky是原级，luckiest/most lucky是最高级，均不符合语法。
17．句意：我想帮助他们看到更大的世界。
“I want to help...see a bigger world.”表明，强调帮助孩子，此处作动词help的宾语，指代“这些孩子”，应用宾格them；their/theirs是物主代词，they是主格，均不能作宾语。
18．句意：乐队决定做点什么。
“The band decided...something. ”表明，是决定做些事情，decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，应用不定式to do；do是动词原形，doing是动名词，does是第三人称单数形式，均不符合搭配。
19．句意：音乐可以帮助让世界变得更美好。
“Music...help make the world a better place”表明，此处强调音乐的作用，此处表示“能够、可以”，应用can；should“应该”，shouldn’t“不应该”，can’t“不能”，均与语境不符。
20．句意：据迟沙说，到目前为止，布玛音乐节已经帮助十多名凉山青少年上了大学。
句中出现时间标志词“so far”，需使用现在完成时，应用has helped；helped是一般过去时，is helping是现在进行时，help是动词原形，均不符合语法。
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．C
【导语】本文介绍了中国古老的皮影戏艺术，包括其发展历史、制作工艺以及表演特点。
【解析】21．句意：它也被认为是中国的一种古老艺术。
此处表示“也被认为”，also意为“也”，放在be动词之后、实义动词之前。too用于肯定句句末；neither用于否定句；either用于否定句句末，均不符合。
22．句意：皮影戏自宋代以来变得相当流行。
“has become”是现在完成时结构，“the Song dynasty”是过去的时间，应填since“自从”，表示从过去持续到现在的动作。across“穿过”、towards“朝”、except“除了”，均不符合。
23．句意：在明代，北京有40到50个皮影戏团。
由“During the Ming dynasty”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语是“ 40 to 50 shadow puppet show groups”，be动词用were。
24．句意：在13世纪，皮影戏成为军队中的一种活动。
序数词13th前应用定冠词the，表示“第13个”。a/an表泛指；/不填，均不符合。
25．句意：后来，它被传播到了其他亚洲国家。
主语it指代“the shadow puppet show”，与spread之间为被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态，应填was spread。
26．句意：然而，制作它们需要高超的技艺。
句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时；主语“making them”是动名词短语，视为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式requires。
27．句意：然后他们在上面画画并剪下来。
此处指在皮上画画，on意为“在……上面”，符合搭配。for“为了”、at“在”、by“通过”，均不符合。
28．句意：优秀的制作者可以让角色做很多事情。
make sb. do sth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，后接省略to的动词不定式。do是动词原形，符合搭配。
29．句意：通过控制棍子，角色可以被操控行走、跳舞、打斗、点头、大笑等等。
主语“character”与make之间为被动关系，情态动词can后接“be done”结构，构成被动语态，be made是被动语态，符合语法。
30．句意：颜色通常是红、绿、黑、黄，这样它们可以持续很长时间。
空处指代前文的“colours”，用复数代词they，作主语。it指代单数；its是形容词性物主代词；their也是形容词性物主代词，均不能作主语。
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．A 36．C 37．A 38．C 39．B 40．C
【导语】本文讲述了作者自认为对莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》非常了解，但在观看京剧版《王子复仇记》后，被其音乐、服装、动作和舞台表现深深震撼的经历。
【解析】31．句意：已经读过这部戏剧很多遍，也看过几场演出，我以为再也没有什么能让我感到惊讶了，直到我看了京剧版的《哈姆雷特》——《王子复仇记》。
前文已经点明戏剧名称Hamlet，此处特指这部戏剧，用定冠词the。
32．句意：已经读过这部戏剧很多遍，也看过几场演出，我以为再也没有什么能让我感到惊讶了，直到我看了京剧版的《哈姆雷特》——《王子复仇记》。
表示直到看京剧版之前都不再惊讶。until意为“直到……为止”，符合逻辑关系。unless“除非”表条件；when“当……时”表时间，均不符合。
33．句意：因此，我决定去观看这场演出。
全文叙事时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式decided。decide是原形；was deciding是过去进行时，均不符合。
34．句意：这场京剧以京胡等中国传统乐器开场。
后文举例jinghu只是其中一种，泛指多种传统乐器，用复数名词instruments。
35．句意：表演者穿的服装和面具如此惊艳，以至于一上台就吸引了我的注意。
so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰形容词amazing。such修饰名词；very“非常”不与that搭配，均不符合。
36．句意：他们非常清晰地表达了含义，简单的舞台把小小场地化作完整天地。
修饰动词showed应用副词，clearly是副词，意为“清晰地”，符合语法。clear是形容词；clearer是比较级，均不能修饰动词。
37．句意：我以前从未见过哈姆雷特做后空翻！
see sb. do sth.强调看见动作完整发生；see sb. doing强调看见动作正在进行。此处指从前从未见过哈姆雷特这个角色做出后空翻这个动作全过程，用原形do。
38．句意：毫无疑问，这是我看过的最令人兴奋的演出之一。
固定结构“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，the most exciting是最高级，意为“最令人兴奋的”，符合语法。
39．句意：我甚至分不清他们究竟是演员还是运动员。
空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，tell if表示“分辨是否……”。that引导陈述句从句，what在从句中充当成分，二者语义不通。
40．句意：整场演出我沉浸其中，也对《哈姆雷特》戏剧有了更深了解。
固定搭配enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心、沉浸其中”，反身代词与主语I对应，使用myself；I主格、me宾格无法搭配enjoy。
41．C 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．A
【导语】本文介绍了苗族刺绣的历史、风格及图案寓意。作为一种独特艺术，它记录生活，象征幸福与自然，如今传承发展，越来越受欢迎。
【解析】41．句意：所以他们在日常生活中使用刺绣来记录生活。
空后“their daily lives”与上文“no traditional writing forms”形成因果，使用刺绣的目的是记录生活。use sth. to do sth.“使用某物做某事”，应用to record“记录”。record“记录”为原形；records为第三人称单数；recording为动名词，均不符合use sth. to do sth.的固定结构。
42．句意：在它的众多风格中，雷山苗绣非常著名。
空后“many styles”为名词短语，需用形容词性物主代词修饰。its“它的”符合语法功能。it“它”为主格或宾格；itself“它自己”为反身代词；it’s“它是”为it is的缩写，均不能修饰名词。
43．句意：在2006年，它被列为国家级文化遗产。
主语“it”（指代Leishan Miao embroidery）与“list”之间为被动关系，时间状语“In 2006”提示过去，应用一般过去时被动was listed“被列为”。listed为过去分词，不能单独作谓语；lists为主动三单；is listed为现在时被动，均不符。
44．句意：它讲述了一个鸟儿拯救孩子的古老故事，它仍然被展示在孩子的衣服上，以带来健康和好运。
空后“old story”为单数可数名词，且“old”以元音音素/ /开头，需用不定冠词an“一个”。a用于辅音音素前；the表示特指，此处为泛指；/为零冠词，不能修饰单数可数名词。
45．句意：它讲述了一个鸟儿拯救孩子的古老故事，它仍然被展示在孩子的衣服上，以带来健康和好运。
空处与“good luck”并列作动词“bring”的宾语，需用名词health“健康”。healthy“健康的”为形容词；healthier“更健康的”为形容词比较级；healthily“健康地”为副词，均不能作宾语。
46．句意：今天，有超过100种苗绣风格。
空处为there be句型的主谓结构，主语“over 100 styles”为复数，应用are“是”。is用于单数主语；has/have为“有”之意，不能与there同时使用构成there be句型。
47．句意：像凤凰和龙这样的图案是幸福的象征，而“阴阳鱼”和太阳则展示了苗族人民对自然的尊重。
前后分句之间为对比关系，应用while“而”。so“所以”表因果；because“因为”表原因；or“或者”表选择，均不符合对比逻辑。
48．句意：这些图案也表达了他们过上更好生活的希望。
空处位于介词“of”之后，需用动名词形式。live a life“过……的生活”为固定搭配，应用living“过（生活）”。live为原形，不能用于介词后；lives为三单形式；lived为过去式，均不符合。
49．句意：其他刺绣常常展示真实的场景，但是苗绣使用简单的符号与美丽的图案相结合。
空后“embroideries”为复数名词，需用形容词作定语。Other“其他的”符合。Others为代词，不能修饰名词；The others为特指代词；Another“另一个”修饰单数，均不符合。
50．句意：苗绣现在变得更加受欢迎了。
空前“much”修饰比较级，空处与“now”暗示与过去对比，应用比较级more popular“更受欢迎的”。most popular为最高级；more popularly为副词比较级，不能作表语；the most popular为最高级且有冠词，均不符合。
51．C 52．B 53．C 54．B 55．C 56．B 57．C 58．B 59．C 60．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过电影《寻梦环游记》的故事，探讨了梦想与家庭之间的关系。文章指出，梦想与家庭同样重要，当二者发生冲突时，沟通是最好的解决方式。
【解析】51．句意：它讲述了一个名叫米格尔的男孩的故事。
boy为可数名词单数，且第一次出现，应用不定冠词a。the表示特指；an用于元音音素开头的单词前。
52．句意：他梦想成为一名音乐家。
dream of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”，of为介词，后接动名词形式。become的动名词为becoming。
53．句意：但他的家人没有一个支持他。
support为及物动词，后接宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。himself为反身代词；he为主格；him为宾格。
54．句意：不允许他唱歌或演奏乐器。
allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，后接不定式。sing为动词原形；singing为动名词，均不符合搭配。
55．句意：这让米格尔很生气。
make sb.+形容词，意为“使某人处于某种状态”，作宾语补足语。anger为名词；angrily为副词；angry为形容词。
56．句意：他意外地被带到了“亡灵之地”。
by accident是固定短语，意为“偶然地、意外地”。with和for均不能构成此搭配。
57．句意：家庭是他生命中最重要的部分。
根据语境，米格尔最终认识到家庭的珍贵，且“part of his life”暗示家庭是生命中诸多部分中最重要的，应用最高级。important为原级；more important为比较级；the most important为最高级。
58．句意：如果那种情况发生了我们该怎么做？
“我们该怎么做”是主句，“如果那种情况发生了”是假设条件，if 引导条件状语从句，表假设；although 让步，because 表原因，逻辑不符。
59．句意：解决问题的最好方法是沟通。
定冠词the后常用最高级，best 表示 “最好的”。“the+最高级+way”是常见表达，表示“做某事最好的方法”。
60．句意：父母最爱我们。
此处表达父母的爱是世界上最深的，love sb. most意为“最爱某人”，most在此作副词，构成最高级。
61．C 62．D 63．D 64．B 65．B 66．D 67．D 68．A 69．B 70．C
【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了男孩Alex与女孩Lily成为朋友，Alex鼓励Lily接受胎记，他们共同举办野餐并制作海报，传播尊重差异与友善的故事。
【解析】61．句意：一个晴朗的早晨，他在公园里发现了一张陌生的面孔。
根据“one sunny morning”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，found符合语境。
62．句意：Alex向Lily介绍了自己，莉莉微笑着回应。
“introduced himself”为固定搭配，意为“自我介绍”，主语为Alex，对应反身代词himself。
63．句意：他们一整天都在公园里玩耍。
“spend time doing sth”为固定结构，表示“花时间做某事”，此处指“在公园里玩耍”，playing正确。
64．句意：Lily笑了，害羞地摸了摸脸，说道：“谢谢你。”
修饰动词“touching”需用副词，shyly（害羞地）符合Lily当时腼腆的情绪。
65．句意：“Lily，与众不同让我们每个人都变得特别。”
“being different”主语为动名词短语，谓语用第三人称单数makes，表客观事实。
66．句意：听到这话，Lily的脸上洋溢着幸福。
with是介词，后面需要接名词作宾语，只有happiness“快乐”是名词，“lit up with happiness”意为“因幸福而容光焕发”，happiness为抽象名词，符合语境。
67．句意：一天，Alex和Lily组织了一次野餐，邀请了他们所有的朋友。
前文提到Alex把Lily介绍给自己的朋友，all后接可数名词复数friends，与前文“introduced her to his friends”呼应。
68．句意：当他们坐在一起分享不同的食物时，空气中充满了笑声。
“as”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，即“当他们坐在一起分享食物时，空气中充满了笑声”，符合文意。
69．句意：“这比我平时吃的三明治好吃多了！”Alex笑着说。
“than”提示使用比较级，better是good的比较级，表示“比我的三明治更好”。
70．句意：海报上写着这样一句话：“我们各不相同，而这正是我们的特别之处！”
特指前文提到的“a colourful school poster”，应用定冠词the，表示“在那张海报上”。
71．A 72．B 73．A 74．C 75．B 76．A 77．C 78．C 79．A 80．C
【导语】本文讲述了一个家庭在暴雨洪水中逃往高地避难，最终安全并帮助邻居的故事。
【解析】71．句意：河水迅速上涨，使许多家庭处于危险之中。
put...in danger是固定短语，意为“使……处于危险中”，down“向下”、through“穿过”无法与其搭配。
72．句意：在水涨得太高之前，我们出发前往山上的叔叔家。
set off for是固定短语，意为“出发前往某地”，up“向上”、on“在上面”与语境不符。
73．句意：我怀着恐惧看着不断上涨的水。
with fear意为“恐惧地”，描述看到洪水时的心情，fear为不可数名词。
74．句意：但我一直在想是否我们能安全到达那里。
此处是whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，符合不确定的语境，why“为什么”、how“如何”语义不通。
75．句意：我们一到，雨就开始下得越来越大。
“harder and”表明此处应用比较级，harder and harder表示“越来越猛烈”。
76．句意：一瞬间，楼下的街道全部被淹。
in a moment是固定短语，意为“一瞬间、立刻”，moment以辅音音素开头。
77．句意：爸爸告诉我们，这让他想起了多年前的一场可怕风暴。
remind sb. of sth.意为“让某人想起某事”，“years ago”表明时态为一般过去时，用过去式reminded。
78．句意：大雨整夜持续猛烈地下着。
continue to do sth.意为“继续做某事”，本文时态为一般过去时，用过去式continued。
79．句意：外面发生无论什么事，至少我们在一起。
此处是Whatever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，Where“哪里”、When“什么时候”语义不通。
80．句意：我们应该坚持做一些有意义的事情来帮助别人。
stick to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“坚持做某事”，to是介词，后面跟动名词doing。
81．B 82．C 83．A 84．B 85．A 86．B 87．C 88．A 89．B 90．C
【导语】本文讲述了王一熙及其团队用中国水墨画为科学杂志设计封面，将科学知识与传统艺术结合，让科学变得通俗易懂、生动有趣的故事。
【解析】81．句意：王一熙和他的团队做到了这件事。
前文提出“数百人会被科学杂志封面吸引吗？”的疑问，后文说明他们的设计成为了知名科学杂志封面，此处表示“成功做到”，用固定搭配make it，全文时态为一般过去时，需用过去式made。make为原形；makes为一般现在时第三人称单数，均不符合时态要求。
82．句意：画中一位农民正牵着一头牛过桥，旁边有个男孩提着竹篮。
此处表示“过桥”，across强调从物体表面穿过，符合从桥的一端到另一端的语境；through指从物体内部穿过；in表示在……里面，均不符合语境。
83．句意：它展示了一种特殊酶的工作原理——中国科学家的一项杰出新成果。
此处表示“一项成果”，outstanding以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；the为定冠词表特指，均不符合此处泛指的语境。
84．句意：他想帮助人们更清楚地理解它们。
此处修饰动词understand，需用副词clearly。clear为形容词，不能修饰动词；clearness为名词，不符合语法要求。
85．句意：所以他把绘画当作一种爱好。
固定搭配take up sth. as a hobby意为“把某事当作爱好”，as符合语境。with“和……一起”；of“……的”均不符合该搭配用法。
86．句意：他试图用漂亮的图片让难懂的科学事实变得更简单。
much后需接形容词比较级，simpler是simple的比较级，符合“让事实变得更简单”的语境。simple为原级；simplest为最高级，均不能与much搭配。
87．句意：他在创作时真的很享受其中。
固定搭配enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心、享受过程”，此处主语为He，对应的反身代词是himself。him为宾格；his为形容词性/名词性物主代词，均不符合该搭配用法。
88．句意：随着时间的推移，王一熙决定创办一家公司。
固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，需用不定式形式to start。start为原形；starting为动名词/现在分词，均不符合该搭配用法。
89．句意：四年多来，他和他的团队为不同的研究论文创作了超过10000件作品。
此处表示“作品”，work作“作品”讲时为可数名词，前有10,000修饰，需用复数形式works。work为原形，作不可数名词时意为“工作”；work’s为所有格形式，均不符合语境。
90．句意：王一熙说，展示顶尖科学和优美的中国艺术，让科学变得通俗易懂、趣味十足，让他有一种成就感。
a sense of后需接名词，achievement为名词，意为“成就”，固定搭配a sense of achievement“一种成就感”，符合语境。achieve为动词原形；achieved为动词过去式/过去分词，均不能作介词of的宾语。
91．B 92．A 93．C 94．A 95．A 96．B 97．B 98．C 99．A 100．A
【导语】本文介绍了亚历山大·弗莱明偶然发现青霉素的过程，以及后来弗洛里和钱恩将其投入大规模生产、拯救无数生命的医学史重大突破。
【解析】91．句意：通常，它们是偶然发生的。
by accident是固定短语，意为“偶然地”，to“到”、for“为了”，均不构成此搭配。
92．句意：在去度假之前，他把一些脏的培养皿留在了实验室里。
根据“Before he went on holiday”可知，“留”这个动作发生在过去的过去，需用过去完成时had left。
93．句意：令他惊讶的是，霉菌附近的细菌都死了。
to one’s surprise是固定短语，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。In“在……里”、At“在”，均不构成此短语。
94．句意：他可能会产生能杀死细菌的东西。
根据“He spent months doing experiments to confirm his finding.”可知，当时是不确定的推测，might表示对过去可能发生的事的推测，符合语境。should“应该”、must“必须”，均不符合推测性。
95．句意：他发现这种霉菌可以用来阻止细菌生长。
主语“the mould”和“use”是被动关系，且情态动词could 后接be done，be used是被动形式，符合语法。use是主动；using是动名词，均不符合。
96．句意：正是在第二次世界大战期间，另外两位科学家Howard Florey和Ernst Chain继续了这项研究。
“It was...that...”是强调句型，强调时间状语“during World War II”。which引导定语从句；when引导时间状语从句，均不能用于此强调结构。
97．句意：英国政府无法独自建造大型工厂，所以美国提供了帮助。
前后句为因果关系，英国无法做到，因此美国帮忙。so意为“所以”，表示结果，符合逻辑。but“但是”表转折；or“或者”表选择，均不符合。
98．句意：青霉素已经拯救了数百万人的生命。
根据“has since”可知，此处为现在完成时，saved是过去分词，构成现在完成时，符合语法。
99．句意：它是历史上最重要的医学发现之一。
固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”，空前已经有the most，所以填important。
100．句意：青霉素的发现真正改变了医学的进程，拯救了无数士兵和平民的生命。
此处指改变医学发展历程，course of medicine意为“医学的发展进程/道路”。cause“原因”；coast“海岸”，均不符合。
101．B 102．D 103．D 104．D 105．A 106．B 107．B 108．D 109．D 110．D
【导语】本文介绍了华特·迪士尼的生平和成就，包括他创造的经典角色米老鼠以及迪士尼作为梦想工厂的影响。
【解析】101．句意：难怪它一直都是一座梦想工厂。
It is not surprising that...“难怪……”，surprising“令人惊讶的”符合，形容词作表语。surprise名词，surprised“感到惊讶的”修饰人，surprisingly副词，均与句型不符。
102．句意：他在密苏里州的一个农场长大。
on a farm“在农场”，on“在……”符合。at、in、to与farm搭配不当。
103．句意：16岁时，迪士尼开始在芝加哥学习艺术。
描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时began“开始”。has begun现在完成时，beginning现在分词，begins第三人称单数，均与过去时态不符。
104．句意：四年后，他加入了一家著名的广告公司。
泛指“一家”广告公司，famous以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a“一家”。/零冠词，an用于元音音素前，the表特指，均与泛指不符。
105．句意：但后来他去了好莱坞，因为他决定在那里制作动画片。
前后句为因果关系，because“因为”符合。if“如果”表条件，so“所以”表结果，although“虽然”表让步，均与因果逻辑不符。
106．句意：他让画面以生动的方式动起来。
make sth. do“让某物做某事”，应用动词原形move“移动”。to move不定式，moving现在分词，moved过去式，均不能用于make sth.后。
107．句意：迪士尼想让他的画面活起来。
his pictures“他的画面”，his“他的”符合。he主格，him宾格，himself反身代词，均不能作定语。
108．句意：米老鼠是用一组圆圈画出来的。
主语Mickey Mouse与draw之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态was drawn“被画”。draw动词原形，drew过去式，drawn过去分词不能单独作谓语，均与被动和时态不符。
109．句意：这部电影于1928年制作，并且取得了巨大的成功。
前后句为并列关系，and“并且”符合。but“但是”表转折，however“然而”表转折，or“或者”表选择，均与并列逻辑不符。
110．句意：但他的动画片至今仍然活跃。
主语his cartoons为复数，描述现在的事实，应用一般现在时are“是”。was单数，were复数过去式，is单数，均与主语和时态不符。
111．A 112．B 113．D 114．C 115．A 116．D 117．B 118．C 119．A 120．C
【导语】本文讲述了一位乡村小提琴手兼音乐老师Peter为帮助买不起乐器的孩子，自己制作“瓶子小提琴”并免费教学的故事。
【解析】111．句意：这位男子正在通过做一些特别的事情，与家乡的孩子们分享他对音乐的热爱。
上文提到Peter，此处特指，应用定冠词The。A表泛指，An用于元音音素前，/零冠词，均与特指不符。
112．句意：乐器的价格在上涨。
the price of“……的价格”为固定搭配，of“的”符合。with“和”，in“在……里”，to“到”，均与price搭配不当。
113．句意：他尝试了许多制作小提琴的方法。
many后接可数名词复数，ways“方法”符合。way单数，way’s所有格，ways’复数所有格，均与many搭配不当。
114．句意：Peter在自家工作室里，制作一把小提琴大约只需20英镑。
can为情态动词，后接动词原形，make“制作”符合。to make不定式，making动名词，made过去式，均不能用于情态动词后。
115．句意：在他家乡，那里的人们非常贫穷。
主语people为复数，描述事实应用are“是”。be原形，is单数，was过去式，均与主谓一致不符。
116．句意：Peter的小提琴被称为“瓶子小提琴”。
主语violins与call之间为被动关系，且描述事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态are called“被称为”。called过去分词不能单独作谓语，call主动形式，is called单数被动，均与主语复数不符。
117．句意：他教他们拉小提琴。
teach sb. to do sth.“教某人做某事”，应用不定式to play“演奏”。play原形，gather“聚集”，to gather“去聚集”，均与教小提琴不符。
118．句意：令他高兴的是，许多孩子步行数英里来上他的课。
children为可数名词复数，many“许多”符合。few“很少”表否定，little修饰不可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，均与步行数英里的积极语境不符。
119．句意：Peter制作这些特殊的小提琴，希望能与更多的孩子分享他对音乐的热爱。
空后为love of music，应用形容词性物主代词his“他的”作定语。he主格，him宾格，himself反身代词，均不能作定语。
120．句意：我相信当你热爱音乐时，没有什么能阻止你表达对音乐的热爱。
空后can stop you，nothing“没有什么”作主语，符合语境。everything“每件事”，something“某事”，anything“任何事”用于疑问否定句，均与肯定句的“没有什么能阻止”不符。
121．B 122．A 123．C 124．B 125．B 126．A 127．B 128．A 129．B 130．C
【导语】本文讲述了作者与好友汤姆在篮球比赛中因配合问题产生矛盾，双方冷战后意识到错误，通过沟通重归于好，并领悟到友谊中沟通重要性的故事。
121．句意：在比赛的最后几分钟，我一直都在抢球。
根据前文“In the final minutes of the game”可知，此处描述的是比赛进行中的动作，需用过去进行时“was/were + 动词现在分词”，主语是“I”，所以用“was running”，表示“一直在抢球”。
122．句意：我没有把球传给位置更好的汤姆，而是自己投篮了。
根据“Instead of”可知，此处需用动名词形式作宾语，表示“没有做某事”，“passing”是动名词形式，符合语法规则。
123．句意：不幸的是，我没投进，我们输了比赛。
根据“I missed, and we lost the game.”可知，没投进并输了比赛是不幸的结果，需用副词修饰整个句子，“Unluckily”是副词，表示“不幸地”，符合语境；Unlucky是形容词；Luckily是副词，表示“幸运地”，与语境不符。
124．句意：他说我只想着自己，没有考虑团队。
根据“I didn’t mean to think of myself.”可知，汤姆认为作者只考虑自己，需用反身代词“myself”表示“我自己”。I是人称代词主格；me是人称代词宾格，均不符合要求。
125．句意：我只是太想赢了，以至于做了一个错误的决定。
根据“a wrong”可知，此处需用名词单数形式作宾语，“decision”是名词单数，表示“决定”，符合语境。
126．句意：我一整周都没和他说话，他也没和我说话。
根据“I didn’t talk to him for a whole week”及“did he”可知，此处表示“他也没和我说话”，需用“neither”表示“两者都不”，either表示“两者之一”；both表示“两者都”，均不符合语境。
127．句意：后来，我意识到我们俩都错了。
根据“Later”及“both of us”可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，且主语是复数，所以用“were”。
128．句意：所以我决定向他解释，以便我们能再次成为朋友。
根据“we could be friends again”可知，此处表示目的，需用“so that”引导目的状语从句。in order to表示“为了”，后接动词原形；such that表示“如此……以至于”，均不符合要求。
129．句意：当有问题时，我认为我们应该谈谈，理解彼此的感受，并一起解决问题。
根据“each other’s”可知，此处需用名词复数形式作宾语，“feelings”是名词复数，表示“感受”，符合语境。
130．句意：现在，我们仍然是最好的朋友，我们的友谊甚至更牢固了。
根据“even”可知，此处需用比较级形式表示程度的加深，“stronger”是比较级形式，表示“更牢固的”，符合语境；strong是形容词原级；the strongest是最高级形式，均不符合要求。
131．C 132．B 133．B 134．D 135．A 136．A 137．B 138．D 139．A 140．D 141．B 142．B 143．A 144．C 145．D
【导语】本文介绍了世界名画《富春山居图》，包括其创作背景、画面内容、艺术价值以及流传经历。
131．句意：它是由黄公望创作的，他是元四家之一。
主语It指代画作，与paint之间为被动关系，且描述过去的历史事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态was painted。are painted一般现在时被动，were painted复数，will be painted将来时，均与过去和单数主语不符。
132．句意：他在将近八十岁时开始创作这幅画。
begin doing sth.“开始做某事”为动词短语，表示开始创作，working“工作，创作”符合。work动词原形，works第三人称单数，worked过去式，均不能用于begin后。
133．句意：在接下来的几年里，他在有灵感的时候为画作添加细节。
上文提到他陆续添加细节，whenever“每当”表示“每当有灵感的时候”，符合语境。because“因为”表原因，unless“除非”表条件，although“虽然”表让步，均与时间逻辑不符。
134．句意：据说他花了4到7年完成这幅杰作。
spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，finishing“完成”符合。finish动词原形，finished过去式，to finish不定式，均不能用于spend后。
135．句意：《富春山居图》展示了江南乡村的美丽。
空处作shows的宾语，表示“美丽”，beauty“美丽”符合。beautiful形容词，most beautiful最高级，beautifully副词，均不能作宾语。
136．句意：这幅画带我们踏上了一段激动人心的山中旅程。
on a breathtaking journey“踏上激动人心的旅程”，a“一段”符合，表示泛指。an用于元音音素前，the表特指，/零冠词，均与泛指单数名词不符。
137．句意：仔细观察，你就能看到远处风景中的人。
祈使句的肯定形式，需用动词原形开头，Look“看”符合，Look carefully“仔细观察”。Looked过去式，Looking现在分词，Looks第三人称单数，均不能用于祈使句。
138．句意：河上，有一个人独自坐在船上钓鱼。
sit alone“独自坐着”，alone“独自地”符合，表示一个人的客观状态，作副词修饰sit。lonely“孤独的”形容词（描述人的主观情绪，作定语或表语），on/along均为介词，均与动词sit搭配不当。
139．句意：看起来他与自然融为一体。
at one with nature“与自然融为一体”，nature“自然”符合，为不可数名词。natural形容词，naturally副词，natures复数，均与介词with搭配不当。
140．句意：看到这幅杰作会让你感到平静，对吗？
动名词短语Seeing...作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数makes“使”。make原形，made过去式，making现在分词，均与主语单数不一致。
141．句意：《富春山居图》是如此伟大的一幅杰作，以至于被数百位艺术家临摹。
such...that...“如此……以至于”，such修饰名词短语a great masterpiece，符合。so修饰形容词或副词，very“非常”，too“太”，均与that结构搭配不当。
142．句意：然而，它在1651年被火烧毁，并被分成了两段。
主语it与damage之间为被动关系，且时间状语in 1651表示过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态was damaged。was damaging过去进行时主动，is damaged一般现在时被动，is damaging现在进行时主动，均与过去被动不符。
143．句意：幸运的是，这两部分在2011年的一次展览中一起展出。
上文画作被烧毁分两段，下文一起展出，说明是“幸运地”，Fortunately“幸运地”符合。Fortunate形容词，Unfortunately“不幸地”，Unfortunate形容词，均与幸运逻辑不符。
144．句意：多么令人惊叹啊！
感叹句修饰形容词amazing，应用How“多么”引导，结构为How+形容词+主语+谓语。What修饰名词，What a修饰可数名词单数，How a结构错误，均与形容词amazing不符。
145．句意：我希望这幅传奇画作将来能在我的城市展出。
时间状语in the future表示将来，且主语painting与show之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be shown“将被展出”。was shown过去被动，is shown现在被动，showed主动过去，均与将来时间不符。
146．A 147．C 148．A 149．B 150．B 151．A 152．D 153．D 154．B 155．C
【导语】本文讲述了如何正确制作卡通片，包括确定故事基本想法、设计角色、绘制草图、用电脑绘制详细图片并添加色彩、用电脑程序将图片组合成电影、录制角色声音和音效等步骤，还以《猫和老鼠》为例，介绍了其创作背景、成功情况以及如今受欢迎的程度。
146．句意：你知道如何正确制作一部卡通片吗？
这里表示泛指“一部卡通片”，且“cartoon”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“a”。“an”用于以元音音素开头的单词前；“the”表示特指；“/”不填不符合此处语境。
147．句意：在下一个阶段，使用电脑绘制详细的图片并添加颜色。
“use sth. to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“用某物做某事”，所以这里用“to draw”。“drawing”是动名词形式；“drew”是过去式；“draw”是动词原形，均不符合该固定用法。
148．句意

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