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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
情态动词
一、情态动词的语法特征
1) 情态动词除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
2) 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
3) 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need 等,另外，have to 、had better 也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。
二、情态动词的用法
常见情态动词中英对照表
must 必须 can 能 shall ① 可以（用以提供建议或征求意见) ② 将 (指按规定或规律一定会发生)
need 需要 could ① 能够 ② 可以 (用于建议) should 应该
have to 不得不 may ①(将来) 可能 [含糊] ②可以 (表示许可) [正式] will 将会
ought to 应该 might ①也许会[含糊] ②可能 (对过去的事进行推测或提供解释) would ①会 (表示相信或期待) ② 想要
知识点 1 ：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答
什么问什么答。must 的回答比较特殊。例子：
Need I come？ -
Yes，you must. No, you needn’t.
Must I come at two
Yes, you must.
① No, you needn’t/ ②No, you don’t have to.
May I have a look at it
Yes, you may. ① No, you mustn’t/ ② No, you can’t.
Could I use your bike
Yes, you can.
知识点 2:不同情态动词的否定意义差异 (比较)
1. can’t
①can’t 可译为“不会” ，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。
②当句子表推测时，否定句和疑问句中用 can/could ,肯定句中用 must
He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和 Tom 下棋呢。
I saw her just now. She must be in the office. 我刚才看到她了。她一定在办公室
③can’t 还可用来回答“ May I … ”这样的问句。
May I come in 我可以进来吗？
No, you mustn’t. / can’t.不，你不能。
④can’t 还可用于固定习语中。
can’t help doing 禁不住，情不自禁 。
can’t wait to do something 迫不及待地要做
may
否定式为 may not ，译成“可能不”
He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。
3. mustn’t
1） mustn’t 表示不许，不可。
He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。
You mustn’t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。
mustn’t 也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中。
—May I stand here 我可以站在这里吗？
—No, you mustn’t (can’t).不，不行。
needn’t
needn’t 意为“不必”。
You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to. 你不需要见他，除非你愿意。
☆☆☆☆☆need 和 dare的用法
need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to ；而 dare 作实义动词用时, 后面的to时常可以被省略。
① 实义动词 (多用于肯定句)：need to do sth 或 need + n.
② 情态动词 (多用于否定句&疑问句)：need do ，否定形式为 need not。
Need you go yet 你要走了吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/ 不，不急着走。
needn’t have done 和 didn’t need to do 区别
试比较下面两个句子：
We didn't need to go．我们没有必要去。 (所以也就没有去)
We needn't have gone． (其实) 我们是没有必要去的。 (但事实上已去过了)
总结：needn’t have done ，表示本不需要做某事。
should have done，表示本来应该做某事而没有做，含有指责对方或自责的含意.
例子：Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的.
5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。
You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。
练习题
一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的适当形式填空：
1. You __________ return the library book on time.
2. I ________ (not) find the way to the hospital. _________ you show me the way
3. —__________ I finish the work right now
— No, you __________ (not). You ______ do it later.
4. He said he __________ (not) come tonight.
5. Her mother was ill. She __________ stay at home and look after her.
6. It’s time for class. You __________ stop playing football or you ________ be late for class.
7. We __________ start right now, or they would get there first.
8. The cloud is lifting, so it __________ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.
二、单项选择
(
_
______
)1. You to tell him the news. It will make him sad.
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. don’t need
2. –Must I do all the housework, Mum
--No, you _____. Just clean your bedroom.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
3. Jack, you ______ ask a woman her age in England. It’s impolite.
A. needn’t B. don’t have to C. ought to D. shouldn’t
4. We ______ hurry all the way to the airport, the flight was canceled because of the foggy weather.
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
5. To our surprise, we enjoy a half month holiday hi January in 2018.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
6. Can you speak louder, please I hear you clearly.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't
7. All the parcels will be delivered to your home in two days. You ______ worry too much about it.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't
8. It doesn’t look like rain, so you _______bring your umbrella with you.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. Children be very careful when they go across the busy street.
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. must D. may
10. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______find it.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. couldn't
11. Believe it or not, it's said that people born in the year of the rat _______ become excellent writers.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
12. — Must I finish my homework before I go to play basketball
—Yes, you .
A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may
13. You tell him the good news because he has already known it.
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t
14. — Shall I tell Mike about it
—No, you . He's already known it.
A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may
15. — Can I take these magazines home
— Yes, you ________ , but please return them in two days.
A. must B. may C. should D. need
16. —Must I wash these plates
—No, you . The machine can do it.
A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't
17. Christy has had three jobs since college, and she still decide what she wants to do.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
18. My parents often tell me we ____ care for small creatures.
A. can B. should C. mustn’t D. needn’t
19. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing.
A. can B. may C. should D. must
20. Millie ______ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. may B. must C. need D. has to
情态动词专题练习
1. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly.
A. can B. must C. need D. should
2. Some Americans think if students chew gum in class, they _______ focus on their studies.
A. may not B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
3. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
4. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
5. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ______ be very bored with her job.
A. can B. need C. should D. must
6. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m.
—You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible !
A. have to B. may C. must D. can
7. You ________ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework.
A. must B. need C. should D. may
8. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’ school life is.
A. should B. can C. must D. need
9. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wine.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
10. Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing.
A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need
11. You have already tried your best, so you ________ worry too much about the exams.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
12. Only you ________ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability.
A. must B. should C. may D. can
13. You ______ worry about your son. He can take care of himself.
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
14 ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination
--- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now.
A can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
15. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow.
A. must B. need C. can D. may
16. Nowadays, even a small personal computer _________ store huge amounts of information.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
17. Every citizen ________ try his best to protect our environment. It’s our duty.
A. need B. Must C. can D. ma
18. Students________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab.
A. can B. must C. need D. may
19. My mother________ make rice dumplings. She'll teach me how to do it.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
20.—________I fill in the check-in form right now, sir
— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.
A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must
21. We________ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.
A. may B. should C. can D. need
22. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It________ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't
23. Cars, buses and bikes ________stop when the traffic lights change to red.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
puters ________ process difficult problems very, very quickly.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
25. To everyone’s surprise, Alex ________play chess very well when he was only four.
A. might B. should C. would D. could
26. Everyone __________go through the security check (安检) when entering the World Expo Park.
A .can B. may C. must D. ought
参考答案
一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的适当形式填空：
1. must 2. can’t, Could 3. Must, needn’t, may 4. couldn’t 5. had to
6. must, may 7. had better 8. can’t
二、单项选择
1-5 DCDCB 6- 10 DBCCD 11- 15 BCAAB 16-20 DBB DA
情态动词专题练习
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C

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