资源简介

1．respond vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应 (response n．反应；回答；回复)
◎respond to　　 　 对……做出回应或反应；答复
respond that．．． 回答说……
◎in response to 作为对……的答复；为了回应……
make a/no response (to) (对……)做出回应/不予回答
◎(2025·全国二卷)The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter． I forced a smile，unsure how to respond further．
那尴尬的时刻终于结束了，全班都哄然大笑起来。我勉强挤出一丝笑容，不知道该如何进一步回应。
◎(读后续写之行为描写)I didn't respond to/made no response to my classmates during the lesson，as I was fully immersed in my own creative process．
在课上，我没有对同学们做出回应，因为我完全沉浸在自己的创作过程中。
2．appoint vt．任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；预约；任命；委任 appointed adj．约定的；指定的)
◎appoint sb．as/to be．．． 任命某人为……
appoint sb．to do sth． 委派某人做某事
◎make an appointment with sb． 与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
◎(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning．
人们一大早就开始排队去预约。
◎(读后续写之动作＋心理描写)Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house．
得知他被任命为队长后，他激动得雀跃着进了家门。
3．replace vt．接替；取代；更换 (replacement n．[U]替换，更换；[C]替代品)
◎replace．．．with/by．．． 用……替换……
replace．．．as．．． 取代……而成为……
◎take the place of sb．/take one's place
代替某人
in place of sb．/in one's place 代替某人 (介词短语，不作谓语)
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Traditional bicycles have been largely replaced by shared bicycles，which offer a convenient and eco-friendly way to travel short distances．
传统的自行车在很大程度上已经被共享自行车所取代，它们为人们提供了一种方便和环保的短途旅行方式。
4．tend vt．照顾；照料 vi．倾向；趋于(tendency n．趋势；趋向)
◎tend (to) sb．/sth．　 照料/照管/护理某人/某物
tend to do sth． 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
◎have a tendency to do sth． 有做某事的倾向
There is a tendency (for sb．) to do sth．
(某人)倾向于做某事。
◎(2025·全国二卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning．
照料植物是一场关于耐心和学习的修行。
◎(2025·北京卷)People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity，and they feel their life has more meaning，direction and sense of purpose．
那些讲述故事较为连贯完整的人往往会有更强烈的自我认同感，他们会觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。
5．assist vt．帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理；售货员 adj．助理的；副的)
◎　 帮助某人做某事
assist sb．with/in sth． 帮助某人某事
◎come/go to one's assistance 来/去帮助某人
with the assistance/help of．．． 在……的帮助下
◎(2025·全国二卷)Please let me know if any assistance is needed．
如需任何帮助，请随时告知我。
◎(2023·天津3月卷)Whether it's helping classmates with their studies，assisting a teacher with classroom duties，or volunteering for community services，Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand．
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师完成课堂任务，还是志愿参加社区服务，张健总会伸出援助之手。
6．scare vt．惊吓；使害怕 vi．受惊吓 (scared adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj．吓人的；恐怖的)
◎scare sb． into/out of doing sth． 恐吓某人做/不做某事
scare．．．away/off 把……吓跑
◎be scared to do sth．＝be scared of doing sth．
害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb．/sth． 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
◎(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back，worried that he might have someone scared．
我有时会叫他回来，担心他可能会把别人吓到。
◎(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter．
例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的叫声，它们依靠这些叫声来寻求帮助、驱赶危险的动物或者寻找庇护所。
7．tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt．(tore，torn，tearing)撕破
◎in tears 　　　　　　 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水
◎tear sth． apart 使某物分裂
tear sth． down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物)
tear sth． up 把(纸/布)撕碎
◎(2025·北京卷)His repeated questioning intensified，pushing me to the edge of fear and tears．
他不断重复的质问愈发激烈，使我几乎到了恐惧和落泪的边缘。
8．harm n．& vt．伤害；损害(harmful adj．有害的，造成伤害的 harmless adj．无害的；无恶意的)
◎do/cause harm to sb．/sth．＝do/cause sb．/sth． harm 　 　　　　
对某人/物造成损害/伤害
mean no harm 无恶意
There is no harm in doing sth． 做某事无害处。
◎be harmful to sb．/sth． 对某人/物有害
◎Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health． Therefore，there is no harm in getting rid of it．
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。
◎(2025·全国一卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns．
科学家们仍在努力探究微塑料的危害程度，但他们所了解到的情况已经引发了人们的担忧。
9．a great deal (of) 大量
◎a great/good deal of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式
a great/good many (of)＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式
◎a great/good deal(副词短语)可修饰形容词或副词比较级
a great/good deal(名词短语)意为“大量，许多”，作主语或宾语
◎(2025·全国一卷)There is a great deal of interesting content we can include，such as funny classroom moments or exciting school events．
我们可以加入很多有趣的内容，比如有趣的课堂片段或者激动人心的学校活动。
◎Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face． A good/great many (of) kids couldn't resist applauding him．
尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多，他还是成功到达了终点线，脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子都情不自禁地为他鼓掌。
1．She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”(would rather do )
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身来学习一辈子！”
2．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime．(having done 作状语)
尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”。她一生中接生了5万多个婴儿。
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital． (the＋序数词＋n．＋to do)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died，22 April 1983．(not．．．until．．．)
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems．(whose引导定语从句)
如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
6．“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级意义
To a person nothing is more precious than their life．．．
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
◎“否定词＋比较级”结构表达最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
◎含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达：
·否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
·否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
◎(2025·全国一卷)Nothing could be better than seeing our school life come alive in the newspaper．
没有什么比看到我们的校园生活出现在报纸上更令人欣喜的了。
◎(读后续写之主旨升华)Hard though it is，there is nothing as valuable as the sense of achievement you get from challenging yourself．
尽管这很难，但没有什么比挑战自我所带来的成就感更有价值。
7．see意为“见证”，此处为拟人用法
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role．
新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
◎see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
◎与see用法相同的动词有find、witness、experience、wash等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。
◎(2025·全国一卷)This column will see students bonding over shared memories while improving their English skills．
这一栏目将让同学们通过共同的回忆增进感情，同时提高他们的英语水平。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)To my surprise，Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me． “Just keep your promise，sir． ”A feeling of gratitude washed over me．
令我惊讶的是，冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。“只要您遵守承诺，先生。”一股感激之情涌上我的心头。
8．独立主格结构
After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head．
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
◎独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰谓语或整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开，表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。
◎形式：名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行)
名词/代词＋done (被动/完成)
名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作)
名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
◎(2025·全国一卷)“Fun at my school” being the more interactive option，I strongly recommend choosing it for our new section．
“校园趣事”这一选项更具互动性，所以我强烈建议我们将其作为新版块的选题。
◎Many wonderful works exhibited at the exhibition，I firmly believe that everyone will definitely have a good time there．
展览会上展出了许多精彩的作品，我坚信每个人在那里都会玩得很开心。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．respond
①Greatly surprised by her ____________(respond)，I left with a mixture of gratitude，humility，respect and shame．
②每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，he would __________________________________ immediately．
③我写信是为了回复你寻求关于如何说服你的父母允许你做饭的建议的来信。
I'm writing ____________________________________ seeking advice on how to convince your parents to allow you to cook．(介词短语)
2．appoint
①At the ____________(appoint) time we heard the jeep from the embassy at the gate of our house．
②(应用文写作之道歉信)由于已经和牙医预约好了，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Because I ________________________________________________，I am terribly sorry for being unable to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time．
③(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that ________________________________________________ of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you．
3．replace
①(译林版必修第二册Unit 2改编)In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced ____________ several fun options，including modern dance．
②(北师大版必修第二册Unit 4)Firstly，talking online is no ____________ for face-to-face contact—images really cannot __________ a real-life smile or hug．(replace)
③在许多城市，这些共享自行车已经部分取代了私人自行车，减少了交通拥堵，促进了更环保的生活方式。
These shared bicycles _________________________________________________ in many cities，reducing traffic congestion and promoting a greener lifestyle． (take the place of)
→These shared bicycles ____________________________________ in many cities，reducing traffic congestion and promoting a greener lifestyle． (replace)
4．tend
①There is a growing ____________ (tend) for people to work from home instead of in offices．
②(应用文写作之感谢信)我写信向那些在我母亲手术后悉心照顾她的护士们表示衷心的感谢。
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses ________________________________________________ after her operation．
③(应用文写作之建议信)此外，做暑期工的青少年往往更加自信，因为他们知道自己能够承担责任。
In addition，teens who hold summer jobs ________________________ because they learn that they are able to be responsible．(tend)
→In addition，teens who hold summer jobs ____________________________ because they learn that they are able to be responsible．(tendency)
5．assist
①I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop ____________ who came to my ____________ when I fainted in your shop．(assist)
②正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。
It was __________________________________ that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council．
③我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I'm wondering if you could ____________________________________ for the class meeting．
→I'm wondering if you could ____________________________________ for the class meeting．
6．scare
①Although I felt ____________ when watching the ____________ movie，it taught me the importance of facing fears courageously． (scare)
②One of the old customs during the festival is setting off firecrackers，which is said to scare ____________ the monster Nian．
③发生事故后，他害怕开车，好几个月都避免坐到驾驶座上。
After the accident，he ________________________________ and avoided getting behind the wheel for months．
④(读后续写之动作描写)当过山车到达最高点时，我吓得要死，尖叫声不断。
When the roller coaster reached its highest point，I ________________________ and couldn't stop screaming．
7．tear
①Much to my surprise，she burst into ________ (tear) the instant she read the letter．
②(读后续写之动作＋心理描写)她把盒子撕开，既惊讶又感动，泪水从她的脸上流了下来。
She ________________________，amazed and moved，________________________．
③(读后续写之动作描写)当她听到这个可怕的消息时，她拼命忍住泪水，但最终还是突然大哭起来，泪流满面地冲出了房间。
When she heard the scary news，she tried hard ____________________________，but finally ________________________ and ran out of the room ________________．
④(应用文写作之演讲稿)城市发展需要拆除旧建筑，但我们不应撕毁它们承载的历史记忆。
While urban development requires ________________________，we shouldn't ____________________ the historical memories they carry．
8．harm
①The physician says that the medicine is harmful __________ children but __________ (harm) to adults．
②(读后续写之动作描写)我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。
I cupped my hand over the phone，whispering to her that ____________________________________________________________________．
③(应用文写作之建议信)在汽车中放一个小急救包没有任何坏处，因为你永远不会知道你什么时候可能需要它。
____________________________________ a small emergency kit in your car，as you never know when you might need it．
→____________________________________ a small emergency kit in your car，as you never know when you might need it．
9．a great deal (of)
①A great deal of nervous tension before the performance often ____________(lead)to a total mess on stage．
②This time he drove a good deal __________ (fast) so we didn't arrive late like last Sunday．
③(读后续写之情绪描写)艾米莉对学习外语更加热情了，并开始每天练习法语和西班牙语。
Emily __________________________________ learning foreign languages，and she started practicing French and Spanish every day．
④(应用文写作之推荐信)这部电影改编自一部科幻小说，吸引了大量关注。
The movie which was adapted from a science fiction novel has been attracting ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．It's typical of him to respond ____________ others' requests in spite of his own business．
2．In the view of the ____________ (retire) teacher，humor can make one ____________ (energy) in his work，study and life．
3．As everyone knows，it's no use crying over ____________ (spill) milk．
4．We appointed her ____________(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony．
5．The ____________ (major) are in favor of my proposal while a minority ____________ them are against it．
6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere ____________ (replace) by a serious one．
7．After all，it is immoral to take advantage ____________ others' weaknesses to do harm ____________ them．
8．I had intended to buy a gift to congratulate him on his __________ (marry)，but I __________ (reject)．
9．Their main ____________ (complain) is that the prices of a wide range of daily goods have risen ____________ (sharp) in the past days．
10．Beijing is the first city ____________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games in the world．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．Realizing that there was only a faint chance for him to be cured，he fell forward onto the table and fainted in the dark room and then his breathing became faint．
①________________　②____________________
③________________
2．We set off at 6：00 sharp in the morning． When taking a sharp bend，we heard a sharp sound coming from the nearby woods． We cautiously approached the forest and found a cute dog caught in a trap． My friend，with a sharp mind，quickly took out a sharp knife，cut the trap，and rescued the poor dog．
①________________　②___________________
③________________　④___________________
⑤________________
3．He was once in charge of a huge multinational operation，overseeing operations overseas． However，when taking part in an operation organized by the headquarters，he unfortunately suffered a serious injury and underwent a major operation，which led to the end of his career．
①________________　②___________________
③________________　④___________________
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．这座古庙见证了过去几十年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。(see)
The old temple ____________________________________ in the past decades．
2．他宁愿放弃这个机会也不愿意伤害别人。(would rather do)
He ____________________________________ than hurt others．
3．就我而言，没有什么比成为一名志愿者并为他人带来改变更有意义了。(“否定词＋比较级”)
As far as I am concerned，________________________________________________ and making a difference to others．
4．然而，直到这次经历，我才完全意识到作为志愿者的意义。(not．．． until．．．)
However，I ________________________________________________ this experience．
5．在做了志愿者之后，我开始尝试改变自己的想法，并努力对周围的世界更加负责，这让我变得越来越好。(having done作状语)
________________________，I begin to make an attempt to change my mind and try to be more responsible for the world around me，which makes me become better and better．
随着知识经济的发展，我们的社会越来越需要“全能型人才”。假设你是李华，学校英文社团请你写一份倡议书，主题为“To Be an All-round Student”，内容包括：
1．发出倡议的背景；
2．倡议的内容；
3．发出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：all-round talents 全能型人才
①随着知识经济的发展，没有什么比成为一名全能型的高中生更有必要的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级意义)
With the development of knowledge economy，____________________________________ than to be an all-round senior high school student．
②保持身心健康，这往往有助于我们精力充沛。(tend；energetic；定语从句)
Be physically and mentally healthy，_______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
③每当在学习和生活中遇到问题，一直是积极的态度而不是消极的态度帮助我们度过艰难时期。(passive；carry sb．through；强调句)
________________________________________________，it is always an active not a ________________________________________________．
④我们有时会陷入迷失和绝望的境地。永远不要害怕向老师们寻求帮助。(in despair；scare)
We are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and ____________________________________________________________________．
____________________________________________________________________ for help．
⑤在努力学习的同时，要高度重视创新意识和实践能力。(attach)
While studying hard，we should ________________________ innovation consciousness and practical ability．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
语块 ①raise one's head仰头 ②hold one's head high高昂着头 ③throw one's head back头往后仰 ④drop/lower/bow/hang one's head低头 ⑤stick/poke one's head伸/探头 ⑥shake one's head摇头 ⑦turn one's head转头 ⑧scratch one's head挠了挠头 ⑨put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands双手抱头 ⑩rest one's head on/against把头靠在……上面 head for/towards朝……走去 with a nod点头
微情景1　“校园美德”——拾金不昧的诚实表现
① ____________________________________ (他警觉地抬起头，无灵主语句) when a wallet caught his eye near the lockers． Without hesitation，the boy ② ________________________ (低头) to pick it up，immediately ③ ________________________ (转头朝向) the principal's office． “This doesn't belong to me，” he ④ ________________________ (边说边坚决地摇头)． The gratitude in the owner's eyes made him ⑤ ________________________ (把头昂得更高) than ever before—not with pride，but with the quiet dignity of having done right．
微情景2　“家庭温情”——祖孙之间的默契时刻
Seeing Grandma struggle with her smartphone，I ① ______________________________ (将头轻靠在她头上) to peer at the screen． “Let me show you again，” I whispered，guiding her fingers． She ② ____________________________ (有节奏地点头) like a diligent student，silver hair glinting in the afternoon sun． When she finally succeeded，we ③ ________________________ (仰头大笑)，the sound echoing through the cozy living room． “My smart granddaughter！” she exclaimed，④ ________________________ (轻拍我低下的头) as I pretended to bow to her． That simple moment of connection，forehead to forehead，became our unspoken language of love．
必修第三册　UNIT 2
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①response　②respond to/make a response to me　③in response to your letter
2．①appointed　②have made an appointment with the dentist　③you have been appointed as/to be chairman
3．①with/by　②replacement；replace　③have partly taken the place of private bikes；have partly replaced private bikes
4．①tendency　②who tended (to) my mother carefully
③tend to be more confident；have a tendency to be more confident
5．①assistant；assistance　②with your generous assistance　③assist me in choosing the suitable topics；assist me to choose the suitable topics
6．①scared；scary　②away/off　③was scared to drive/of driving　④was scared to death
7．①tears　②tore the box open；tears streaming down her face　③to fight back tears；burst into tears；in tears　④tearing down old buildings；tear up
8．①to；harmless　②I meant no harm　③It doesn't do/cause any harm to keep；There is no harm in keeping
9．①leads　②faster　③was a great/good deal more enthusiastic about　④a great deal of attention
Ⅱ．1．to　2．retired；energetic　3．spilled/spilt　4．to represent　5．majority；of　6．was replaced　7．of；to　8．marriage；was rejected　9．complaint；sharply　10．to host
Ⅲ．1．①adj．可能性不大的　②vi．昏倒；晕厥　③adj．微弱的　2．①adv．整点地　②adj．(方向)急转的　③adj．(声音)突然而响亮的　④adj．敏锐的　⑤adj．锋利的　3．①n．企业　②n．业务　③n．(有组织的)活动，行动　④n．手术
Ⅳ．1．has seen great changes of the village　2．would rather give up the opportunity　3．nothing is more meaningful than working as a volunteer　4．didn't fully realize the significance of being a volunteer until　5．Having worked as a volunteer
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①there is nothing more necessary　②which tends to assist us to be energetic　③When we encounter problems in study and daily life；passive attitude that carries us through the tough periods
④fall in despair；Never be scared to turn to teachers　⑤attach great importance to
组句成篇
To Be an All round Student
Dear boys and girls，
With the development of knowledge economy，there is nothing more necessary than to be an all round senior high school student．
We are supposed to do whatever we can to improve ourselves from all aspects．Firstly，be physically and mentally healthy，which tends to assist us to be energetic．Secondly，when we encounter problems in study and daily life，it is always an active not a passive attitude that carries us through the tough periods．Furthermore，we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair．Never be scared to turn to teachers for help．While studying hard，we should attach great importance to innovation consciousness and practical ability．
For the benefit of our further development，let's take immediate action．
The English Club
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①His head snapped up in alert　②bent his head　③turning his head toward　④said with a firm shake of his head　⑤hold his head higher
微情景2　①rested my head against hers　②nodded her head rhythmically　③threw our heads back laughing　④patting my lowered head
16/16(共136张PPT)
必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
1．respond vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应 (response n．反应；回答；回复)
◎respond to 对……做出回应或反应；答复
respond that... 回答说……
◎in response to 作为对……的答复；为了回应……
make a/no response (to) (对……)做出回应/不予回答
◎(2025·全国二卷)The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter．I forced a smile，unsure how to respond further．
那尴尬的时刻终于结束了，全班都哄然大笑起来。我勉强挤出一丝笑容，不知道该如何进一步回应。
◎(读后续写之行为描写)I didn't respond to/made no response to my classmates during the lesson，as I was fully immersed in my own creative process．
在课上，我没有对同学们做出回应，因为我完全沉浸在自己的创作过程中。
2．appoint vt．任命；委派 (appointment n．约会；预约；任命；委任 appointed adj．约定的；指定的)
◎appoint sb．as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb．to do sth． 委派某人做某事
◎make an appointment with sb． 与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守约/违约
◎(2024·全国甲卷)People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning．
人们一大早就开始排队去预约。
◎(读后续写之动作＋心理描写)Learning that he was appointed as head of the team，he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house．
得知他被任命为队长后，他激动得雀跃着进了家门。
3．replace vt．接替；取代；更换 (replacement n．[U]替换，更换；[C]替代品)
◎replace...with/by... 用……替换……
replace...as... 取代……而成为……
◎take the place of sb．/take one's place 代替某人
in place of sb．/in one's place 代替某人 (介词短语，不作谓语)
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Traditional bicycles have been largely replaced by shared bicycles，which offer a convenient and eco-friendly way to travel short distances．
传统的自行车在很大程度上已经被共享自行车所取代，它们为人们提供了一种方便和环保的短途旅行方式。
4．tend vt．照顾；照料 vi．倾向；趋于(tendency n．趋势；趋向)
◎tend (to) sb．/sth． 照料/照管/护理某人/某物
tend to do sth． 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
◎have a tendency to do sth． 有做某事的倾向
There is a tendency (for sb．) to do sth． (某人)倾向于做某事。
◎(2025·全国二卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning．
照料植物是一场关于耐心和学习的修行。
◎(2025·北京卷)People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity，and they feel their life has more meaning，direction and sense of purpose．
那些讲述故事较为连贯完整的人往往会有更强烈的自我认同感，他们会觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。
5．assist vt．帮助；援助 (assistance n．帮助；援助 assistant n．助手；助理；售货员 adj．助理的；副的)
◎ 帮助某人做某事
assist sb．with/in sth． 帮助某人某事
◎come/go to one's assistance 来/去帮助某人
with the assistance/help of... 在……的帮助下
◎(2025·全国二卷)Please let me know if any assistance is needed．
如需任何帮助，请随时告知我。
◎(2023·天津3月卷)Whether it's helping classmates with their studies，assisting a teacher with classroom duties，or volunteering for community services，Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand．
无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师完成课堂任务， 还是志愿参加社区服务， 张健总会伸出援助之手。
6．scare vt．惊吓；使害怕 vi．受惊吓 (scared adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj．吓人的；恐怖的)
◎scare sb．into/out of doing sth． 恐吓某人做/不做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
◎be scared to do sth．＝be scared of doing sth．
害怕/不敢做某事
be scared of sb．/sth． 害怕某人/某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
◎(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back，worried that he might have someone scared．
我有时会叫他回来，担心他可能会把别人吓到。
◎(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter．
例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的叫声，它们依靠这些叫声来寻求帮助、驱赶危险的动物或者寻找庇护所。
7．tear n．眼泪；泪水 vt．(tore，torn，tearing)撕破
◎in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
fight/hold back tears 强忍住泪水
◎tear sth．apart 使某物分裂
tear sth．down 推倒；拆毁(建筑物)
tear sth．up 把(纸/布)撕碎
◎(2025·北京卷)His repeated questioning intensified，pushing me to the edge of fear and tears．
他不断重复的质问愈发激烈，使我几乎到了恐惧和落泪的边缘。
8．harm n．& vt．伤害；损害(harmful adj．有害的，造成伤害的 harmless adj．无害的；无恶意的)
◎do/cause harm to sb．/sth．＝do/cause sb．/sth．harm
对某人/物造成损害/伤害
mean no harm 无恶意
There is no harm in doing sth． 做某事无害处。
◎be harmful to sb．/sth． 对某人/物有害
◎Being addicted to online games is harmful to/does harm to our physical and mental health．Therefore，there is no harm in getting rid of it．
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此， 戒掉它没有害处。
◎(2025·全国一卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns．
科学家们仍在努力探究微塑料的危害程度，但他们所了解到的情况已经引发了人们的担忧。
9．a great deal (of) 大量
◎a great/good deal of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式
a great/good many (of)＋可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式
◎a great/good deal(副词短语)可修饰形容词或副词比较级
a great/good deal(名词短语)意为“大量，许多”，作主语或宾语
◎(2025·全国一卷)There is a great deal of interesting content we can include，such as funny classroom moments or exciting school events．
我们可以加入很多有趣的内容，比如有趣的课堂片段或者激动人心的学校活动。
◎Although David ran a great/good deal slower than the other kids，he made it to the finish line with a determined smile brimming on his face．A good/great many (of) kids couldn't resist applauding him．
尽管大卫比其他孩子跑得慢得多， 他还是成功到达了终点线， 脸上洋溢着坚定的微笑。许多孩子都情不自禁地为他鼓掌。
1．She responded，“I'd rather stay single to study all my life！”(would rather do )
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身来学习一辈子！”
2．Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime．(having done 作状语)
尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”。她一生中接生了5万多个婴儿。
3．She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital．(the＋序数词＋n．＋to do)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
4．Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died，22 April 1983．
(not...until...)
林医生坚守在岗位上，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
5．Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems．(whose引导定语从句)
如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
6．“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级意义
To a person nothing is more precious than their life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
◎“否定词＋比较级”结构表达最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……的了”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
◎含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达：
·否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
·否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
◎(2025·全国一卷)Nothing could be better than seeing our school life come alive in the newspaper．
没有什么比看到我们的校园生活出现在报纸上更令人欣喜的了。
◎(读后续写之主旨升华)Hard though it is，there is nothing as valuable as the sense of achievement you get from challenging yourself．
尽管这很难，但没有什么比挑战自我所带来的成就感更有价值。
7．see意为“见证”，此处为拟人用法
The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role．
新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
◎see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时， 常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语， 表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
◎与see用法相同的动词有find、witness、experience、wash等， 这些词在句中作谓语， 用物作主语时， 表示一种拟人的修辞手法， 以增添语言色彩， 使表达更形象。
◎(2025·全国一卷)This column will see students bonding over shared memories while improving their English skills．
这一栏目将让同学们通过共同的回忆增进感情，同时提高他们的英语水平。
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)To my surprise，Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me．“Just keep your promise，sir．”A feeling of gratitude washed over me．
令我惊讶的是， 冈特毫不犹豫地写下他的电话号码并给了我。“只要您遵守承诺， 先生。”一股感激之情涌上我的心头。
8．独立主格结构
After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head．
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
◎独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰谓语或整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开，表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。
◎形式：名词/代词＋doing (主动/进行)
名词/代词＋done (被动/完成)
名词/代词＋to do (未发生的动作)
名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
◎(2025·全国一卷)“Fun at my school” being the more interactive option，I strongly recommend choosing it for our new section．
“校园趣事”这一选项更具互动性，所以我强烈建议我们将其作为新版块的选题。
◎Many wonderful works exhibited at the exhibition，I firmly believe that everyone will definitely have a good time there．
展览会上展出了许多精彩的作品，我坚信每个人在那里都会玩得很开心。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．respond
①Greatly surprised by her ________(respond)，I left with a mixture of gratitude，humility，respect and shame．
②每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice，he would _____________________
_______________ immediately．
response
respond to/make a
response to me
③我写信是为了回复你寻求关于如何说服你的父母允许你做饭的建议的来信。
I'm writing ______________________________ seeking advice on how to convince your parents to allow you to cook．(介词短语)
in response to your letter
2．appoint
①At the _________(appoint) time we heard the jeep from the embassy at the gate of our house．
②(应用文写作之道歉信)由于已经和牙医预约好了，我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Because I _____________________________________，I am terribly sorry for being unable to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time．
appointed
have made an appointment with the dentist
③(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that ____________________________________ of the student council，I sincerely congratulate you．
you have been appointed as/to be chairman
3．replace
①(译林版必修第二册Unit 2改编)In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced _________ several fun options，including modern dance．
②(北师大版必修第二册Unit 4)Firstly，talking online is no ____________ for face-to-face contact—images really cannot _______ a real-life smile or hug．(replace)
with/by
replacement
replace
③在许多城市，这些共享自行车已经部分取代了私人自行车，减少了交通拥堵，促进了更环保的生活方式。
These shared bicycles _________________________________________
in many cities，reducing traffic congestion and promoting a greener lifestyle．(take the place of)
→These shared bicycles ______________________________________ in many cities，reducing traffic congestion and promoting a greener lifestyle．(replace)
have partly taken the place of private bikes
have partly replaced private bikes
4．tend
①There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to work from home instead of in offices．
②(应用文写作之感谢信)我写信向那些在我母亲手术后悉心照顾她的护士们表示衷心的感谢。
I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses _____________
___________________ after her operation．
tendency
who tended (to)
my mother carefully
③(应用文写作之建议信)此外，做暑期工的青少年往往更加自信，因为他们知道自己能够承担责任。
In addition，teens who hold summer jobs ________________________ because they learn that they are able to be responsible．(tend)
→In addition，teens who hold summer jobs _______________________
_____________ because they learn that they are able to be responsible．
(tendency)
tend to be more confident
have a tendency to be more
confident
5．assist
①I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop _________ who came to my __________ when I fainted in your shop．(assist)
②正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我成功地赢得了选举，并被任命为学生会主席。
It was __________________________ that I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council．
assistant
assistance
with your generous assistance
③我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I'm wondering if you could ___________________________________ for the class meeting．
→I'm wondering if you could __________________________________
for the class meeting．
assist me in choosing the suitable topics
assist me to choose the suitable topics
6．scare
①Although I felt ______ when watching the _____ movie，it taught me the importance of facing fears courageously．(scare)
②One of the old customs during the festival is setting off firecrackers，which is said to scare __________ the monster Nian．
③发生事故后，他害怕开车，好几个月都避免坐到驾驶座上。
After the accident，he __________________________ and avoided getting behind the wheel for months．
scared
scary
away/off
was scared to drive/of driving
④(读后续写之动作描写)当过山车到达最高点时，我吓得要死，尖叫声不断。
When the roller coaster reached its highest point，I ________________ and couldn't stop screaming．
was scared to death
7．tear
①Much to my surprise，she burst into _____ (tear) the instant she read the letter．
②(读后续写之动作＋心理描写)她把盒子撕开，既惊讶又感动，泪水从她的脸上流了下来。
She __________________，amazed and moved，________________
_______________．
tears
tore the box open
tears streaming
down her face
③(读后续写之动作描写)当她听到这个可怕的消息时，她拼命忍住泪水，但最终还是突然大哭起来，泪流满面地冲出了房间。
When she heard the scary news，she tried hard __________________，but finally __________________ and ran out of the room _________．
④(应用文写作之演讲稿)城市发展需要拆除旧建筑，但我们不应撕毁它们承载的历史记忆。
While urban development requires ____________________________，we shouldn't ________ the historical memories they carry．
to fight back tears
burst into tears
in tears
tearing down old buildings
tear up
8．harm
①The physician says that the medicine is harmful __ children but _________ (harm) to adults．
②(读后续写之动作描写)我用手捂住电话，低声告诉她我没有恶意。
I cupped my hand over the phone，whispering to her that _________________．
to
harmless
I meant no harm
③(应用文写作之建议信)在汽车中放一个小急救包没有任何坏处，因为你永远不会知道你什么时候可能需要它。
_________________________________ a small emergency kit in your car，as you never know when you might need it．
→_________________________ a small emergency kit in your car，as you never know when you might need it．
It doesn't do/cause any harm to keep
There is no harm in keeping
9．a great deal (of)
①A great deal of nervous tension before the performance often _____(lead)to a total mess on stage．
②This time he drove a good deal ______ (fast) so we didn't arrive late like last Sunday．
leads
faster
③(读后续写之情绪描写)艾米莉对学习外语更加热情了， 并开始每天练习法语和西班牙语。
Emily ________________________________________ learning foreign languages，and she started practicing French and Spanish every day．
was a great/good deal more enthusiastic about
④(应用文写作之推荐信)这部电影改编自一部科幻小说， 吸引了大量关注。
The movie which was adapted from a science fiction novel has been attracting _____________________________．
a great deal of attention
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．It's typical of him to respond __ others' requests in spite of his own business．
2．In the view of the _______ (retire) teacher，humor can make one _________ (energy) in his work，study and life．
3．As everyone knows，it's no use crying over ______________ (spill) milk．
to
retired
energetic
spilled/spilt
4．We appointed her _____________(represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony．
5．The _________ (major) are in favor of my proposal while a minority __ them are against it．
6．When the boss arrived，the joyful atmosphere ______________ (replace) by a serious one．
to represent
majority
of
was replaced
7．After all，it is immoral to take advantage __ others' weaknesses to do harm __ them．
8．I had intended to buy a gift to congratulate him on his _________ (marry)，but I ______________ (reject)．
9．Their main __________ (complain) is that the prices of a wide range of daily goods have risen _______ (sharp) in the past days．
10．Beijing is the first city ________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games in the world．
of
to
marriage
was rejected
complaint
sharply
to host
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．Realizing that there was only a faint chance for him to be cured，he fell forward onto the table and fainted in the dark room and then his breathing became faint．
①_________________　②______________　③___________
adj．可能性不大的
vi．昏倒；晕厥
adj．微弱的
2．We set off at 6：00 sharp in the morning．When taking a sharp bend，we heard a sharp sound coming from the nearby woods．We cautiously approached the forest and found a cute dog caught in a trap．My friend，with a sharp mind，quickly took out a sharp knife，cut the trap，and rescued the poor dog．
①___________　②___________________　
③_________________________　④___________　⑤___________
adv．整点地
adj．(方向)急转的
adj．(声音)突然而响亮的
adj．敏锐的
adj．锋利的
3．He was once in charge of a huge multinational operation，overseeing operations overseas．However，when taking part in an operation organized by the headquarters，he unfortunately suffered a serious injury and underwent a major operation，which led to the end of his career．
①_______　②_______　③_________________________　
④_______
n．企业
n．业务
n．(有组织的)活动，行动
n．手术
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．这座古庙见证了过去几十年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。(see)
The old temple ___________________________________ in the past decades．
2．他宁愿放弃这个机会也不愿意伤害别人。(would rather do)
He ______________________________________ than hurt others．
has seen great changes of the village
would rather give up the opportunity
3．就我而言，没有什么比成为一名志愿者并为他人带来改变更有意义了。(“否定词＋比较级”)
As far as I am concerned，____________________________________
_________________ and making a difference to others．
4．然而，直到这次经历，我才完全意识到作为志愿者的意义。(not...until...)
However，I ________________________________________________
__________ this experience．
nothing is more meaningful than working as a volunteer
didn't fully realize the significance of being a volunteer until
5．在做了志愿者之后，我开始尝试改变自己的想法，并努力对周围的世界更加负责，这让我变得越来越好。(having done作状语)
____________________________，I begin to make an attempt to change my mind and try to be more responsible for the world around me，which makes me become better and better．
Having worked as a volunteer
Ⅴ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)(教师独具)
1．The story teaches children important moral values through its simple plot． _____________________
2．Medical students often face the dilemma of balancing clinical practice and theoretical study． _______________________
adj．道德的；道义上的
n．进退两难的境地；困境
3．Her academic excellence earned her a full scholarship to Harvard University． _________
4．Parents should learn to entrust teachers with their children's education． ______________
5．As a chief physician，she has saved countless lives with her expertise． _________________________
n．奖学金
vt．委托；交付
n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
6．During the research project，my colleagues and I worked day and night to analyze the experimental data． _____________
7．Health insurance provides essential protection for low-income families． _______
8．The might of the hurricane left the coastal town in ruins，reminding us of nature's overwhelming power． _____________
n．同事；同僚
n．保险
n．力量；威力
9．The tuition fees for prestigious universities reflect not just educational costs，but also long-term investment returns． _____________
10．Patience is a virtue that leads to academic success．
_____________________________
n．专业服务费
n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
练表达——主题引领写作
随着知识经济的发展，我们的社会越来越需要“全能型人才”。假设你是李华，学校英文社团请你写一份倡议书，主题为“To Be an All-round Student”，内容包括：
1．发出倡议的背景；
2．倡议的内容；
3．发出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：all-round talents 全能型人才
①随着知识经济的发展，没有什么比成为一名全能型的高中生更有必要的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级意义)
With the development of knowledge economy，___________________
_________________ than to be an all-round senior high school student．
there is nothing
more necessary
②保持身心健康，这往往有助于我们精力充沛。(tend；energetic；定语从句)
Be physically and mentally healthy，____________________________
________________．
which tends to assist us
to be energetic
③每当在学习和生活中遇到问题，一直是积极的态度而不是消极的态度帮助我们度过艰难时期。(passive；carry sb．through；强调句)
____________________________________________，it is always an active not a _____________________________________________．
When we encounter problems in study and daily life
passive attitude that carries us through the tough periods
④我们有时会陷入迷失和绝望的境地。永远不要害怕向老师们寻求帮助。(in despair；scare)
We are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and _______________．______________________________ for help．
fall in despair
Never be scared to turn to teachers
⑤在努力学习的同时，要高度重视创新意识和实践能力。(attach)
While studying hard，we should ______________________________ innovation consciousness and practical ability．
attach great importance to
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
To Be an All-round Student
Dear boys and girls，
With the development of knowledge economy，there is nothing more necessary than to be an all-round senior high school student．
We are supposed to do whatever we can to improve ourselves from all aspects．Firstly，be physically and mentally healthy，which tends to assist us to be energetic．Secondly，when we encounter problems in study and daily life，it is always an active not a passive attitude that carries us through the tough periods．Furthermore，we are sometimes put into situations where we get lost and fall in despair．Never be scared
to turn to teachers for help．While studying hard，we should attach great importance to innovation consciousness and practical ability．
For the benefit of our further development，let's take immediate action．
The English Club
语块 ①raise one's head仰头 ②hold one's head high高昂着头 ③throw one's head back头往后仰 ④drop/lower/bow/hang one's head低头 ⑤stick/poke one's head伸/探头 ⑥shake one's head摇头 ⑦turn one's head转头 ⑧scratch one's head挠了挠头 ⑨put/hold/bury one's head in one's hands双手抱头 ⑩rest one's head on/against把头靠在……上面 head for/towards朝……走去 with a nod点头
微情景1　“校园美德”——拾金不昧的诚实表现
① ___________________________ (他警觉地抬起头，无灵主语句) when a wallet caught his eye near the lockers．Without hesitation，the boy ② ___________ (低头) to pick it up，immediately ③ _____________________ (转头朝向) the principal's office．“This doesn't belong to me，” he ④ _______________________________ (边说边坚决地摇头)．The gratitude in the owner's eyes made him ⑤ _______________________ (把头昂得更高) than ever before—not with pride，but with the quiet dignity of having done right．
His head snapped up in alert
bent his head
turning his head toward
said with a firm shake of his head
hold his head higher
微情景2　“家庭温情”——祖孙之间的默契时刻
Seeing Grandma struggle with her smartphone，I ① ________________________ (将头轻靠在她头上) to peer at the screen．“Let me show you again，” I whispered，guiding her fingers．She ② ________________________________ (有节奏地点头) like a diligent student，silver hair glinting in the afternoon sun．When she finally succeeded，we ③ __________________________________ (仰
rested my head against hers
nodded her head rhythmically
threw our heads back laughing
头大笑)，the sound echoing through the cozy living room．“My smart granddaughter！” she exclaimed，④ ________________________ (轻拍我低下的头) as I pretended to bow to her．That simple moment of connection，forehead to forehead，became our unspoken language of love．
patting my lowered head
题型组合练(十三)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·山东德州模拟)
Here's something that's surprisingly common：people who strongly advocate moral or noble ideals，but regularly use them to justify attacking and mistreating others—something that is surely neither moral nor noble．
Isn't this inconsistent How can someone loudly insist that they're a good person while behaving in ways that totally contradict this，without mentally short-circuiting in some way
The answer is that there are many psychological and neurological (神经的) processes that allow people to engage in this behaviour that，for want of a better label，we'll call “virtue bullying”．
A lot of virtue bullying could be seen as virtual bullying，which is to say it's a lot easier online．We've all seen online posts that make some simple，morally solid claims，such as “I support victims of the latest disaster”， which are then followed by something like “Share if you agree．” I bet 97 per cent of you won't．Such posts are basically saying，“I'm a good，moral person ...and I'll criticise you until you agree．” This isn't the behaviour of a good person．
But it's not Internet-specific．Wanting to protect children is a good，moral aim，but consider all the books and shows banned or attacked in the US under the cover of protecting children．Indeed，throughout history，there have been many instances where individuals who considered themselves good and moral have committed terrible acts．
But why do good people treat others badly Our brains work hard to enhance our self-esteem (自尊)．A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others，so our status (地位) becomes relatively higher．So，thinking you're good while attacking others can be a very instinctive (本能的) process，sadly．
For humans，our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making．We're naturally protective of our identities and decision-making．If these things are rooted in morals and beliefs，we'll be defensive towards anyone who poses a threat to them．This can lead to what seems to be inconsistent behaviour．
Ultimately，for all the explanations offered here，it should be acknowledged that some people are just not nice．How you deal with such people is up to you．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章针对一个社会现象——“道德欺凌”进行了分析和讨论，提出了作者的观点和看法，并通过论据(如网络上的例子、历史上的事件、心理学研究等)来支持其观点。
1．Why does the author raise questions in paragraph 2
A．To express his doubts．
B．To present an assumption．
C．To display a phenomenon．
D．To introduce points for discussion．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段内容可知，在第二段中，作者通过提出问题来引导读者思考一个矛盾的现象，即有人声称自己是好人但行为却与之相悖。这种提问方式旨在引入接下来要讨论的点，即为什么会出现这种不一致的行为，以及人们是如何在心理上处理这种矛盾的。因此，作者的目的是引出讨论点。故选D。]
2．What is virtue bullying
A．Advocating for noble causes online．
B．Using moral ideals to justify mistreating others．
C．Forcing others to agree with one's moral claims．
D．Attacking people who disagree with one's moral beliefs．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段以及第四段内容可知，“virtue bullying”指的是那些强烈倡导道德或崇高理想，但经常用这些理想来为自己的攻击和虐待行为辩护的人。换句话说，他们利用道德或崇高的理念来为自己的不当行为寻找合理性，即使这些行为并不道德也不崇高。故选B。]
3．What did the 2011 study find about self-esteem and attacking others
A．Attacking others boosts self-esteem．
B．Self-esteem is linked with social status．
C．People with higher social status attack others more often．
D．Boosting self-esteem reduces the desire to attack others．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中“A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others，so our status becomes relatively higher．So，thinking you're good while attacking others can be a very instinctive process，sadly．”可知，2011年的研究结果表明，攻击他人可以作为一种提升自尊的手段，同时指出这种行为背后的本能性。故选A。]
4．What role do morals play in our self-image and decision-making
A．Morals vary with them． B．Morals threaten them．
C．Morals shape them． D．Morals assess them．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第七段中“For humans，our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making．We're naturally protective of our identities and decision-making．”可知，道德塑造了我们的自我认知和决策过程。故选C。]
B
(2025·山西大同三模)
Philosopher Tony Manela is among the philosophers who believe that the single word “gratitude” actually refers to two ideas．The first is “prepositional gratitude”—gratitude to someone for doing something．For example，you might be grateful to a firefighter for saving your life or to your friend for watching your dog while you're away．The second is “propositional gratitude”—a more abstract gratitude for the fact that things are the way they are．On Thanksgiving，when families sit around the table so that everyone can share something for which they're grateful，the tendency is toward the second kind of gratitude．
Most of the time，the first sort of gratitude is actually better described as appreciation．Appreciation involves grasping the importance of something，or fully experiencing the value of it．After your first trip abroad，you might appreciate the virtues of your own country．Appreciation usually has an element of enjoyment．By taking a class，you can learn to appreciate opera．After gaining weight in midlife，you might learn to appreciate exercise，in the sense of actually liking it，finally．
But showing appreciation can be very difficult．Suppose that，when it's your turn to give thanks，you describe an instance of prepositional gratitude：“This year，I'm grateful to my wife for everything she's done for our new baby daughter．” That seems straightforward enough．But actually，this kind of gratitude is very odd．Should you be the one feeling grateful for what your wife does for your daughter By expressing appreciation，you might seem to be holding yourself out as the head of a family business．It could be more accurate to simply appreciate that your wife is a great parent．
There's also the matter of whether it makes sense to feel grateful to people for doing what they are going to do anyway．If your wife tells you that she is grateful for how you have treated your kids，you might find it odd．Does she expect you to treat them less well
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了gratitude的两种类型，分析了gratitude与appreciation之间的区别和用法。
5．“Propositional gratitude” should be given when ___________．
A．you receive a gift from a friend
B．your parents pay for your education
C．your math teacher helps you solve a problem
D．farmers thank dragons for a very good harvest
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“The second is ‘propositional gratitude’—a more abstract gratitude for the fact that things are the way they are．”可知，命题型感恩是对事物状态的一种抽象感恩，它不针对具体的人或行为，而是对事物本身的一种感激。在选项D中，农民对龙带来的丰收表示感恩，这是一种对事物本身的状态的感恩，符合“命题型感恩”的定义。故选D。]
6．What is usually associated with “appreciation”？
A．Expensive things． B．An element of pleasure．
C．Something abstract． D．Personal responsibilities．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Appreciation usually has an element of enjoyment．”可知，“appreciation”通常与“一种愉悦的元素”有关。故选B。]
7．How are the last two paragraphs mainly developed
A．By comparing．
B．By reasoning．
C．By quoting famous men．
D．By listing examples．
√
D　[写作手法题。根据第三段中“Suppose that，when it's your turn to give thanks，you describe an instance of prepositional gratitude：‘This year，I'm grateful to my wife for everything she's done for our new baby daughter．’ That seems straightforward enough．But actually，this kind of gratitude is very odd．”和第四段中“If your wife tells you that she is grateful for how you have treated your kids，you might find it odd．Does she expect you to treat them less well？”可知，最后两段主要是通过举例来展开的。故选D。]
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A Philosopher's Opinion on Gratitude．
B．The Necessity of Being Grateful to Others．
C．A Comparison of “Gratitude” and “Appreciation”．
D．Proper Ways to Show Gratitude to Family Members．
√
C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段“Philosopher Tony Manela is among the philosophers who believe that the single word ‘gratitude’ actually refers to two ideas．”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了gratitude和appreciation之间的区别和用法。由此可知，选项C“‘Gratitude’和‘Appreciation’的比较”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·四川德阳三模)
In a seemingly divided world，we often overlook small daily acts of kindness．However，the quiet power of assisting others can profoundly
1 both the receivers and us．A recent 2 in a busy city vividly
3 the truth．
One afternoon，as commuters (通勤者) desperately 4 through a busy train station，an elderly man suddenly collapsed．During the 5 ， a young woman named Emily immediately stepped forward．She 6 close to the man， 7 assessing the situation，and 8 someone nearby to call for medical help．While others 9 ， Emily stayed with the man，reassuring him until paramedics arrived．
Later，when asked why she acted so quickly，Emily simply said，“I couldn't just 10 ．Assisting others is what makes us humans．” Her 11 really hit me hard，reminding me that compassion is not just a virtue but a fundamental part of who we are．
Emily's actions didn't just save a life；they also 12 those around her．Witnesses to the event later shared how her selflessness moved them to be more 13 when noticing someone in need．One bystander even started volunteering at a local shelter，citing Emily's example as his motivation．
This story makes a powerful truth obvious： assisting others is not just about grand gestures．It's about the small but decisive 14 we make every day—to listen，to care，and to act．In a world that often seems 15 ， these acts of kindness to strangers remind us of our shared humanity and the potential we all have to make a difference．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述在繁忙火车站一位老人突然晕倒，年轻女子艾米丽迅速伸出援手救助老人这一事件，说明了帮助他人的小善举能对他人和社会产生深远影响，提醒人们在看似冷漠的世界里，善良能让我们感受到人性的温暖和力量。
1．A．comfort B．inform
C．affect D．heal
√
C　[上文提到了帮助他人这种看似微不足道的力量，下文提到了接受帮助的人和我们自己，可推理出此处说的是帮助他人这种小善举会对接受帮助的人和我们自己产生影响。故选C项。]
2．A．encounter B．performance
C．trend D．campaign
√
A　[根据下文“an elderly man suddenly collapsed”可知，一位老人突然晕倒了，可推理出这是一次具体的遭遇。故选A项。]
3．A．recovered B．denied
C．clarified D．proved
√
D　[根据下文“Emily stayed with the man，reassuring him until paramedics arrived”以及“One bystander even started volunteering at a local shelter，citing Emily's example as his motivation．”可知，艾米丽救助老人，对周围的人也产生了积极的影响，可推理出此处说的是这次遭遇生动地证明了这一真理。故选D项。]
4．A．walked B．hurried
C．searched D．skipped
√
B　[根据下文“a busy train station”以及上文“a busy city”和“desperately”可推理出此处说的是通勤者们急切地匆匆穿过一个繁忙的火车站。故选B项。]
5．A．chaos B．conflict
C．disaster D．accident
√
A　[老人突然晕倒，火车站又很繁忙，所以现场会很混乱。故选A项。]
6．A．rested B．knelt
C．posed D．stood
√
B　[上文提到一个老人突然晕倒了。分析选项，B项“knelt(跪下)”表示的含义符合语境，在救助晕倒的人时，通常会跪在旁边查看情况。故选B项。]
7．A．objectively B．secretly
C．cautiously D．calmly
√
D　[根据下文“assessing the situation”及常识可推理出此处说的是艾米丽很冷静地评估情况。故选D项。]
8．A．instructed B．encouraged
C．persuaded D．reminded
√
A　[根据下文“someone nearby to call for medical help”及常识可推理出艾米丽是指示别人打电话寻求医疗帮助。故选A项。]
9．A．argued B．emerged
C．complained D．hesitated
√
D　[上文使用了表示转折的连词while，下文说的是艾米丽一直陪着老人，直到医护人员到达，可推理出此处说的是其他人在犹豫，而艾米丽采取了行动。故选D项。]
10．A．try out B．drop in
C．stand by D．settle down
√
C　[上文说的是艾米丽一直陪着老人，直到医护人员到达。再根据下文“Assisting others is what makes us humans．”可推理出艾米丽认为不能对需要帮助的人袖手旁观。故选C项。]
11．A．words B．honesty
C．decisions D．courage
√
A　[上文说的是帮助他人是我们作为人类的本质，这是艾米丽说的话。故选A项。]
12．A．promoted B．convinced
C．inspired D．secured
√
C　[下文说的是一位旁观者甚至开始在当地收容所做志愿者，以艾米丽这个榜样作为他的动力，可推理出此处说的是艾米丽的行为激励了周围的人。故选C项。]
13．A．forgiving B．attentive
C．understanding D．cooperative
√
B　[根据下文“when noticing someone in need”可推理出此处说的是她的无私让他们在注意到有人(可能)需要帮助时更加留意。故选B项。]
14．A．breakthroughs B．suggestions
C．choices D．predictions
√
C　[根据下文“to listen，to care，and to act”可知，去倾听、去关心、去行动，这些都是我们做出的选择。故选C项。]
15．A．delightful B．hopeless
C．promising D．disconnected
√
D　[上文提到了在一个看似分裂的世界里，下文提到了这些对陌生人的善举提醒着我们共同的人性，以及我们每个人所拥有的改变现状的潜力，可推理出此处说的是在一个常常看似冷漠的世界里。故选D项。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·河北唐山模拟)
We live in a world filled with constant noise—music，phones，talking，traffic and online messages．For senior students，this noise isn't just around them；it's in their minds too．Academic pressure，social expectations，and digital distractions keep the brain in overdrive． 1 It gives the mind a chance to rest．Without it，stress builds up，focus weakens，and thinking becomes cloudy．
Silence improves students' mental state．Just two minutes of quiet can lower tension more than soft music． 2 They notice how they feel and what they truly think．In that space，self-awareness grows．Some students even find that silent moments bring sudden understanding of a problem they've been puzzled by．Imagination becomes active when input stops． 3 3
But knowing the value of silence is only the start．How can students bring it into their busy lives Start small．After waking up，sit for one minute before touching your phone．Walk between classes without talking or listening to music．During homework breaks，turn everything off and breathe deeply．Before sleep，lie still without devices and just listen to your breath． 4 It just means using small moments differently．
5 Classrooms are busy，homes may be noisy，and friends might not understand why you want time alone．Some students worry that silence feels boring or awkward．Others feel guilty for “doing nothing”．But silence is not nothing—it's a way to reset．And like any habit，it takes practice．The more often you try it，the more natural it feels．
Choosing silence is choosing care．With practice，silence becomes a strength．
A．That's why silence matters．
B．Still，quiet isn't always easy．
C．None of these takes extra time．
D．So a quiet mind is a sharp mind．
E．In a quiet world，students are happy．
F．Short pauses can refresh them physically．
G．When they reduce external noise，their thoughts settle．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在充满噪声的世界中，沉默对高中生的重要性，它能帮助学生放松大脑、改善精神状态，同时也提供了将沉默融入繁忙生活的方法，并指出培养沉默习惯并非易事。
1．A　[根据上文 “Academic pressure，social expectations，and digital distractions keep the brain in overdrive．”以及下文“It gives the mind a chance to rest．Without it，stress builds up，focus weakens，and thinking becomes cloudy．”可知，上文说的是大脑超负荷运转，下文说的是它给大脑一个休息的机会。没有它，压力会累积，注意力会减弱，思维会变得模糊，可推理出空格处需要一个过渡句，引出“沉默”的重要性，与A项表达的含义一致。故选 A 项。]
2．G　[根据上文“Just two minutes of quiet can lower tension more than soft music．”以及下文“They notice how they feel and what they truly think．In that space，self-awareness grows．”可知，上文提到了安静能缓解紧张，下文说的是他们会注意到自己的感受和真实想法。在这个过程中，自我意识会增强，可推理出空格处应解释安静如何让学生关注自身感受，与G项表达的含义一致。故选G项。]
3．D　[根据上文“Some students even find that silent moments bring sudden understanding of a problem they've been puzzled by．
Imagination becomes active when input stops．”可知，上文提到了沉默的时刻能让他们突然理解一直困惑的问题。当外部信息输入停止时，想象力会变得活跃，可推理出空格处应总结沉默对思维的积极影响，与D项表达的含义一致。故选D项。]
4．C　[根据上文“Start small...Before sleep，lie still without devices and just listen to your breath．”以及下文“It just means using small moments differently．” 可知，上文说的是从小处着手，下文提到了微小的时刻，可推理出空格处应说明这些融入沉默的方法不会占用额外的时间，与C项表达的意思一致。故选C项。]
5．B　[根据下文“Classrooms are busy...Others feel guilty for ‘doing nothing’．”可知，下文说的是教室很嘈杂，家里可能也不安静，而且你的沉默可能不被理解，可推理出空格处应指出营造安静环境或享受沉默并非易事，与B项表达的意思一致。故选B项。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(十三)　必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
(提示：批阅时只需批阅本页即可)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2026·山东德州模拟)
Here's something that's surprisingly common: people who strongly advocate moral or noble ideals，but regularly use them to justify attacking and mistreating others—something that is surely neither moral nor noble．
Isn't this inconsistent How can someone loudly insist that they're a good person while behaving in ways that totally contradict this，without mentally short-circuiting in some way
The answer is that there are many psychological and neurological (神经的) processes that allow people to engage in this behaviour that，for want of a better label，we'll call “virtue bullying”．
A lot of virtue bullying could be seen as virtual bullying，which is to say it's a lot easier online． We've all seen online posts that make some simple，morally solid claims，such as “I support victims of the latest disaster”，which are then followed by something like “Share if you agree．” I bet 97 per cent of you won't． Such posts are basically saying，“I'm a good，moral person ．．． and I'll criticise you until you agree．” This isn't the behaviour of a good person．
But it's not Internet-specific． Wanting to protect children is a good，moral aim，but consider all the books and shows banned or attacked in the US under the cover of protecting children． Indeed，throughout history，there have been many instances where individuals who considered themselves good and moral have committed terrible acts．
But why do good people treat others badly Our brains work hard to enhance our self-esteem (自尊)． A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our self-esteem is to attack others，so our status (地位) becomes relatively higher． So，thinking you're good while attacking others can be a very instinctive (本能的) process，sadly．
For humans，our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decision-making． We're naturally protective of our identities and decision-making． If these things are rooted in morals and beliefs，we'll be defensive towards anyone who poses a threat to them． This can lead to what seems to be inconsistent behaviour．
Ultimately，for all the explanations offered here，it should be acknowledged that some people are just not nice． How you deal with such people is up to you．
1．Why does the author raise questions in paragraph 2
A．To express his doubts．
B．To present an assumption．
C．To display a phenomenon．
D．To introduce points for discussion．
2．What is virtue bullying
A．Advocating for noble causes online．
B．Using moral ideals to justify mistreating others．
C．Forcing others to agree with one's moral claims．
D．Attacking people who disagree with one's moral beliefs．
3．What did the 2011 study find about self-esteem and attacking others
A．Attacking others boosts self-esteem．
B．Self-esteem is linked with social status．
C．People with higher social status attack others more often．
D．Boosting self-esteem reduces the desire to attack others．
4．What role do morals play in our self-image and decision-making
A．Morals vary with them．
B．Morals threaten them．
C．Morals shape them．
D．Morals assess them．
B
(2025·山西大同三模)
Philosopher Tony Manela is among the philosophers who believe that the single word “gratitude” actually refers to two ideas． The first is “prepositional gratitude”—gratitude to someone for doing something． For example，you might be grateful to a firefighter for saving your life or to your friend for watching your dog while you're away． The second is “propositional gratitude”—a more abstract gratitude for the fact that things are the way they are． On Thanksgiving，when families sit around the table so that everyone can share something for which they're grateful，the tendency is toward the second kind of gratitude．
Most of the time，the first sort of gratitude is actually better described as appreciation． Appreciation involves grasping the importance of something，or fully experiencing the value of it． After your first trip abroad，you might appreciate the virtues of your own country． Appreciation usually has an element of enjoyment． By taking a class，you can learn to appreciate opera． After gaining weight in midlife，you might learn to appreciate exercise，in the sense of actually liking it，finally．
But showing appreciation can be very difficult． Suppose that，when it's your turn to give thanks，you describe an instance of prepositional gratitude: “This year，I'm grateful to my wife for everything she's done for our new baby daughter．” That seems straightforward enough． But actually，this kind of gratitude is very odd． Should you be the one feeling grateful for what your wife does for your daughter By expressing appreciation，you might seem to be holding yourself out as the head of a family business． It could be more accurate to simply appreciate that your wife is a great parent．
There's also the matter of whether it makes sense to feel grateful to people for doing what they are going to do anyway． If your wife tells you that she is grateful for how you have treated your kids，you might find it odd． Does she expect you to treat them less well
5．“Propositional gratitude” should be given when ．
A．you receive a gift from a friend
B．your parents pay for your education
C．your math teacher helps you solve a problem
D．farmers thank dragons for a very good harvest
6．What is usually associated with “appreciation”？
A．Expensive things．
B．An element of pleasure．
C．Something abstract．
D．Personal responsibilities．
7．How are the last two paragraphs mainly developed
A．By comparing．
B．By reasoning．
C．By quoting famous men．
D．By listing examples．
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A Philosopher's Opinion on Gratitude．
B．The Necessity of Being Grateful to Others．
C．A Comparison of “Gratitude” and “Appreciation”．
D．Proper Ways to Show Gratitude to Family Members．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·四川德阳三模)
In a seemingly divided world，we often overlook small daily acts of kindness． However，the quiet power of assisting others can profoundly 1 both the receivers and us． A recent 2 in a busy city vividly 3 the truth．
One afternoon，as commuters (通勤者) desperately 4 through a busy train station，an elderly man suddenly collapsed． During the 5 ，a young woman named Emily immediately stepped forward． She 6 close to the man， 7 assessing the situation，and 8 someone nearby to call for medical help． While others 9 ，Emily stayed with the man，reassuring him until paramedics arrived．
Later，when asked why she acted so quickly，Emily simply said，“I couldn't just 10 ． Assisting others is what makes us humans．” Her 11 really hit me hard，reminding me that compassion is not just a virtue but a fundamental part of who we are．
Emily's actions didn't just save a life；they also 12 those around her． Witnesses to the event later shared how her selflessness moved them to be more 13 when noticing someone in need． One bystander even started volunteering at a local shelter，citing Emily's example as his motivation．
This story makes a powerful truth obvious: assisting others is not just about grand gestures． It's about the small but decisive 14 we make every day—to listen，to care，and to act． In a world that often seems 15 ，these acts of kindness to strangers remind us of our shared humanity and the potential we all have to make a difference．
1．A．comfort B．inform
C．affect D．heal
2．A．encounter B．performance
C．trend D．campaign
3．A．recovered B．denied
C．clarified D．proved
4．A．walked B．hurried
C．searched D．skipped
5．A．chaos B．conflict
C．disaster D．accident
6．A．rested B．knelt
C．posed D．stood
7．A．objectively B．secretly
C．cautiously D．calmly
8．A．instructed B．encouraged
C．persuaded D．reminded
9．A．argued B．emerged
C．complained D．hesitated
10．A．try out B．drop in
C．stand by D．settle down
11．A．words B．honesty
C．decisions D．courage
12．A．promoted B．convinced
C．inspired D．secured
13．A．forgiving B．attentive
C．understanding D．cooperative
14．A．breakthroughs B．suggestions
C．choices D．predictions
15．A．delightful B．hopeless
C．promising D．disconnected
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2026·河北唐山模拟)
We live in a world filled with constant noise—music，phones，talking，traffic and online messages． For senior students，this noise isn't just around them；it's in their minds too． Academic pressure，social expectations，and digital distractions keep the brain in overdrive． 1 It gives the mind a chance to rest． Without it，stress builds up，focus weakens，and thinking becomes cloudy．
Silence improves students' mental state． Just two minutes of quiet can lower tension more than soft music． 2 They notice how they feel and what they truly think． In that space，self-awareness grows． Some students even find that silent moments bring sudden understanding of a problem they've been puzzled by． Imagination becomes active when input stops． 3
But knowing the value of silence is only the start． How can students bring it into their busy lives Start small． After waking up，sit for one minute before touching your phone． Walk between classes without talking or listening to music． During homework breaks，turn everything off and breathe deeply． Before sleep，lie still without devices and just listen to your breath． 4 It just means using small moments differently．
5 Classrooms are busy，homes may be noisy，and friends might not understand why you want time alone． Some students worry that silence feels boring or awkward． Others feel guilty for “doing nothing”． But silence is not nothing—it's a way to reset． And like any habit，it takes practice． The more often you try it，the more natural it feels．
Choosing silence is choosing care． With practice，silence becomes a strength．
A．That's why silence matters．
B．Still，quiet isn't always easy．
C．None of these takes extra time．
D．So a quiet mind is a sharp mind．
E．In a quiet world，students are happy．
F．Short pauses can refresh them physically．
G．When they reduce external noise，their thoughts settle．
题型组合练(十三)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章针对一个社会现象——“道德欺凌”进行了分析和讨论，提出了作者的观点和看法，并通过论据(如网络上的例子、历史上的事件、心理学研究等)来支持其观点。
1．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段内容可知，在第二段中，作者通过提出问题来引导读者思考一个矛盾的现象，即有人声称自己是好人但行为却与之相悖。这种提问方式旨在引入接下来要讨论的点，即为什么会出现这种不一致的行为，以及人们是如何在心理上处理这种矛盾的。因此，作者的目的是引出讨论点。故选D。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段以及第四段内容可知，“virtue bullying”指的是那些强烈倡导道德或崇高理想，但经常用这些理想来为自己的攻击和虐待行为辩护的人。换句话说，他们利用道德或崇高的理念来为自己的不当行为寻找合理性，即使这些行为并不道德也不崇高。故选B。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中“A 2011 study found that an effective way to strengthen our selfesteem is to attack others, so our status becomes relatively higher． So, thinking you're good while attacking others can be a very instinctive process, sadly．”可知，2011年的研究结果表明，攻击他人可以作为一种提升自尊的手段，同时指出这种行为背后的本能性。故选A。]
4．C　[细节理解题。根据第七段中“For humans, our morals are a key aspect of our identity and an important factor in our decisionmaking． We're naturally protective of our identities and decisionmaking．”可知，道德塑造了我们的自我认知和决策过程。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了gratitude的两种类型，分析了gratitude与appreciation之间的区别和用法。
5．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“The second is ‘propositional gratitude’—a more abstract gratitude for the fact that things are the way they are．”可知，命题型感恩是对事物状态的一种抽象感恩，它不针对具体的人或行为，而是对事物本身的一种感激。在选项D中，农民对龙带来的丰收表示感恩，这是一种对事物本身的状态的感恩，符合“命题型感恩”的定义。故选D。]
6．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Appreciation usually has an element of enjoyment．”可知，“appreciation”通常与“一种愉悦的元素”有关。故选B。]
7．D　[写作手法题。根据第三段中“Suppose that, when it's your turn to give thanks, you describe an instance of prepositional gratitude: ‘This year, I'm grateful to my wife for everything she's done for our new baby daughter．’ That seems straightforward enough． But actually, this kind of gratitude is very odd．”和第四段中“If your wife tells you that she is grateful for how you have treated your kids, you might find it odd． Does she expect you to treat them less well？”可知，最后两段主要是通过举例来展开的。故选D。]
8．C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段“Philosopher Tony Manela is among the philosophers who believe that the single word ‘gratitude’ actually refers to two ideas．”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了gratitude和appreciation之间的区别和用法。由此可知，选项C“‘Gratitude’和‘Appreciation’的比较”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述在繁忙火车站一位老人突然晕倒，年轻女子艾米丽迅速伸出援手救助老人这一事件，说明了帮助他人的小善举能对他人和社会产生深远影响，提醒人们在看似冷漠的世界里，善良能让我们感受到人性的温暖和力量。
1．C　[上文提到了帮助他人这种看似微不足道的力量，下文提到了接受帮助的人和我们自己，可推理出此处说的是帮助他人这种小善举会对接受帮助的人和我们自己产生影响。故选C项。]
2．A　[根据下文“an elderly man suddenly collapsed”可知，一位老人突然晕倒了，可推理出这是一次具体的遭遇。故选A项。]
3．D　[根据下文“Emily stayed with the man, reassuring him until paramedics arrived”以及“One bystander even started volunteering at a local shelter, citing Emily's example as his motivation．”可知，艾米丽救助老人，对周围的人也产生了积极的影响，可推理出此处说的是这次遭遇生动地证明了这一真理。故选D项。]
4．B　[根据下文“a busy train station”以及上文“a busy city”和“desperately”可推理出此处说的是通勤者们急切地匆匆穿过一个繁忙的火车站。故选B项。]
5．A　[老人突然晕倒，火车站又很繁忙，所以现场会很混乱。故选A项。]
6．B　[上文提到一个老人突然晕倒了。分析选项，B项“knelt(跪下)”表示的含义符合语境，在救助晕倒的人时，通常会跪在旁边查看情况。故选B项。]
7．D　[根据下文“assessing the situation”及常识可推理出此处说的是艾米丽很冷静地评估情况。故选D项。]
8．A　[根据下文“someone nearby to call for medical help”及常识可推理出艾米丽是指示别人打电话寻求医疗帮助。故选A项。]
9．D　[上文使用了表示转折的连词while，下文说的是艾米丽一直陪着老人，直到医护人员到达，可推理出此处说的是其他人在犹豫，而艾米丽采取了行动。故选D项。]
10．C　[上文说的是艾米丽一直陪着老人，直到医护人员到达。再根据下文“Assisting others is what makes us humans．”可推理出艾米丽认为不能对需要帮助的人袖手旁观。故选C项。]
11．A　[上文说的是帮助他人是我们作为人类的本质，这是艾米丽说的话。故选A项。]
12．C　[下文说的是一位旁观者甚至开始在当地收容所做志愿者，以艾米丽这个榜样作为他的动力，可推理出此处说的是艾米丽的行为激励了周围的人。故选C项。]
13．B　[根据下文“when noticing someone in need”可推理出此处说的是她的无私让他们在注意到有人(可能)需要帮助时更加留意。故选B项。]
14．C　[根据下文“to listen, to care, and to act”可知，去倾听、去关心、去行动，这些都是我们做出的选择。故选C项。]
15．D　[上文提到了在一个看似分裂的世界里，下文提到了这些对陌生人的善举提醒着我们共同的人性，以及我们每个人所拥有的改变现状的潜力，可推理出此处说的是在一个常常看似冷漠的世界里。故选D项。]
Ⅲ．1．A　2．G　3．D　4．C　5．B
7/7

展开更多......

收起↑