资源简介

1．disappointed adj．失望的，沮丧的 (disappoint vt．使失望/沮丧 disappointing adj．令人失望的 disappointment n．失望； 沮丧)
◎be disappointed at/with/by．．． 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth． 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that．．． 对……失望
◎to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
◎What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt．
让他们感到失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐就失败了。
2．desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt．渴望；期望 (desirable adj．值得做的；值得拥有的 desired adj．期望得到的；希望实现的)
◎have a desire for．．． 　　 渴望得到……
have a desire to do．．． 渴望做……
◎desire to do sth． 渴望做某事
desire sb． to do sth． 想要某人做某事
desire that．．． (should) do．．． 渴望……做……
◎It is desirable that．．． (should) do sth． ……做某事是可取的。
◎The disappointed twins desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded．
＝The disappointed twins desired that their father (should) tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded．
失望的双胞胎想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治，父亲点了点头。
3．lack vt．没有；缺乏；缺少 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj．不足的；缺乏的)
◎(a) lack of　　　　 缺少……
for/through lack of 因缺少……
◎lack＋n． 缺少……
lack for＋n． 缺乏……；……不足(多用于否定句中)
◎be lacking in 在……方面缺乏
◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don't know well，which could result in a lack of motivation for participation．
一些学生可能会在与不熟悉的人一起练习时感到不自在，这可能会导致参与积极性不足。
4．argue vt．& vi．论证；争辩；争论 (argument n．争论；争吵；论点；辩论；论据)
◎argue (with sb．) about/over sth． 　 因某事(与某人)争吵/争论
argue sb． into/out of doing sth． 说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against (doing) sth． 赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that．．． 主张……；认为……
◎beyond argument 无可争辩
◎(2023·全国乙卷)Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother into teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday．
由于渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能，我说服了母亲在五一节期间教我如何做饭。
5．signal vt．& vi．[signal(l)ed，signal(l)ed，signal(l)ing]标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
◎signal to sb．　 　　　　 向某人发信号
signal (to) sb． to do sth． 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb．) that 示意(某人)……
◎give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
◎(读后续写之动作描写)When I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money，the seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down．
当我站在一个小摊旁叹息没钱时，小贩注意到了我的困境，亲切地微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。
6．attach vt．系； 绑； 贴； 把……固定； 重视 (attached adj．附属于； 依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属物；依恋；爱慕)
◎attach．．． to．．． 　　 把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach great importance/significance/value/weight to．．．
认为……很有重要性/意义/价值/分量
attach oneself to (doing) sth． 喜欢(做)某事(物)
◎be attached to 喜欢，依恋；附属于；
关于；有关
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter attached great significance to helping others，believing that small acts of kindness could make a big difference in people's lives．
冈特非常重视帮助他人，他认为微小的善举就可以对人们的生活产生极大的影响。
7．result in导致；造成
◎result from　　 由……导致；因……而产生
◎as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result 没有结果地；徒劳地
◎(2025·北京卷)Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don't．
将自己与表现优于自己的人进行比较，如果一味关注他们所拥有的而你所欠缺的，就可能会产生嫉妒的情绪。
8．run out用完；耗尽
run out of 　　　　　 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
use up 用尽；吃光(及物动词短语，人作主语)
give out 用完；用尽；筋疲力尽
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；途中遭遇(恶劣天气)；碰上(麻烦等)
run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run away (from．．．) 逃离；避开
◎(2025·北京卷)Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits．
尼克尽情地享受着闻树叶的芬芳以及追逐兔子的乐趣。
1．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise． (状语从句的省略)
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都固定下来，否则这些东西就会飘走。
2．While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around． (so as to do作目的状语)
睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在某个东西上，以防四处飘浮。
3．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve．(主语＋be＋a/an＋adj．＋n．＋to do)
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
4．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population． (动词-ing形式作前置定语)
因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
5．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth．
Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
◎动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：offer，way，time，ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，belief，attempt等。
◎(2025·全国一卷)Sharing real school experiences is the best way to connect with our readers．
分享真实的学校经历是与我们的读者建立联系的最佳方式。
◎(2025·全国一卷)This column will give students the perfect opportunity to show their writing skills while documenting memorable events to cherish．
这一专栏将为学生们提供绝佳的机会，让他们能够展示自己的写作能力，同时还能记录下那些值得铭记的精彩瞬间。
◎(2023·全国甲卷)He is the first Chinese to realise the dream of sailing around the world，as well as the first Chinese to cross the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean．
他是第一个实现全球航行梦想的中国人，也是第一个穿越英吉利海峡和大西洋的中国人。
6．动词-ing形式作主语
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger．
首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界性饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。
◎单个动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
◎动词-ing形式作主语还有以下情况：
(1)用it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth． 做某事没用；It is a waste of time/money/energy doing sth． 做某事是浪费时间/金钱/精力；It is fun doing sth．做某事很有趣。
(2)动词-ing形式的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing sth。
◎(2025·全国一卷)Sharing real school experiences is more meaningful than guessing games．
分享真实的学校经历比玩猜谜游戏更有意义。
◎(读后续写之心理描写)His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame．
他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。
◎It is no use arguing with him about this issue because he doesn't think it is a waste of time playing computer games．
和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他并不认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．disappointed
①It is ____________ (disappoint) to fail，but it would be more disappointing not to try again．
②Overcome with bitter ____________ (disappoint) at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in the room．
③尽管这位运动员全力以赴，但他得知自己未能晋级决赛时还是感到很失望。
The athlete ____________________________ he had not qualified for the finals，despite his best efforts．
④(读后续写之心理描写)意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转变成我对他的感激。
Sensing that I ____________________________________，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and ________________________ gradually gave way to my gratitude to him．
2．desire
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)Research also suggests that our desire ____________ (seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire ____________ high-quality products．
③(应用文写作之邀请信)如果你很渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。
If you ________________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Corner right away．
④我们希望此类有意义的活动能够定期举行。
We desire that ________________________________________________ on a regular basis．
3．lack
①____________ lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．
②尽管他很有才华，但他似乎缺乏自信，这常常限制了他能力的全面展现。
Despite his talents，he seems ____________________________________，which often restricts the full display of his abilities．
③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely related to bad eating habits and ____________________________________________________________________．
4．argue
①(北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 7)You and your parents are having an ____________ (argue) about you staying out late on Friday night．
②(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Indeed，it could ____________ (argue) that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work．
③我本想说服他接受我的意见，但我很快就意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。
I had intended to ____________________________________，but soon I realized it was no use ____________________________________，because he was too stubborn．
④(应用文写作之观点表达)一些人支持禁止在学校使用手机的禁令，而另一些人则认为在学校禁止使用手机是不必要的。
Some people ________________________ phones at school while others ________________________________________________．
5．signal
①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，____________ (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations．
②He kept signaling ____________ me，but I didn't understand what he wanted．
③(读后续写之情景描写)报警后，司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。
After calling the police，the driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，____________________________________．
④他举起双手示意人群安静，这位即将就紧迫问题发言的演讲者耐心等待着，直到房间内鸦雀无声。
Raising his hands ____________________________________，the speaker，who was about to address the pressing issue，waited patiently until silence filled the room．
6．attach
①She found a box lying on the table with a card ____________ (attach) to it，saying “Happy Birthday”．
②He took out the hammock，attached it ____________ the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music．
③(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能抽出一些时间来帮忙润色一下附在这封电子邮件后的文章，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to help polish the article ____________________________________．
④(应用文写作之建议信)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never ____________________________________ during the process of learning a language．
7．result in
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time． Some of these resulted ____________ advances in technology．
②He conducted a thorough investigation ____________ result，leaving the case unsolved for years．
③由于缺乏沟通而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会引发更严重的问题。因此，我们应当掌握足够的沟通技巧。
Misunderstandings ____________________ lack of communication，if not handled properly，may __________________ more serious problems． ________________，we should master sufficient communicating skills．
④(应用文写作之演讲稿)由于过度使用电子设备，孩子们不仅缺乏户外锻炼，心理健康也受到影响。
Not only do children lack outdoor exercise，but their mental health is also affected，________________________________________________ electronic devices．
8．run out
①Tom started to run ________________ Jerry at the sight of him，so Jerry had to run ________________． Jerry was so nervous that he ran ________________ a tree accidentally after a few minutes' chase． Finally，their strength ran ________________．
②I had run out ____________ all my patience and I began to explode with anger．
③(读后续写之人物描写)大卫的体力快耗尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，便满身大汗、拖着沉重的步伐朝着终点线艰难前行。
David's energy ________________________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat．
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．Mr Smith is ____________(determine) to seek his fortune in that big city．
2．All passengers ____________ board are required to fasten the seat belts before the plane takes off．
3．It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise he ____________ (get) into a series of trouble．
4．____________ (blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face．
5．He headed to the bar，signal(l)ing to the girl that she could take part in the campaign ____________(launch) by the company．
6．What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my ____________ (independent)．
7．By taking exercise ____________ (regular)，I have grown healthier not only physically，but also ____________ (mental) in the past years．
8．Actually，I am so keen on space exploration that I usually go to the library ____________ the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe．
9．It is ____________ (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness．
10．I desired ____________ (cycle) along the Mekong River with my friends．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The government has launched an initiative aimed at launching more spacecrafts to the moon in the future． Meanwhile，many products related to space exploration will be launched．
①________________　②___________________
③________________
2．Our monitor suggested installing a monitor in our classroom to monitor our behavior in real time and motivate us to work harder．
①________________　②___________________
③________________
3．Every month，our class has a regular meeting to discuss upcoming events． Sarah，who is a regular participant in these discussions，always shares great ideas． It's also important to maintain a regular routine for homework and study，as it helps us stay on track with our academic goals．
①________________　②___________________
③________________
4．In the current era of rapid technological advancement，the current of innovation flows like an unstoppable current，shaping the current of public opinion and driving societal change．
①________________　②___________________
③________________　④___________________
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．汤姆的太过粗心造成了不少麻烦。(动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语)
________________________ resulted in so much trouble．
2．我们已到了这样一个阶段：为了拯救我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。(so as to do作目的状语)
We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment
____________________________________________________________________．
3．说到历史上我最崇拜的人，我第一个想到的人是孔子。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth．)
When it comes to the person I admire most in history，________________________________________________ is Confucius．
4．然而，太空探索从来都不是一项容易进行的任务，尤其是在过去。(主语＋be＋a/an＋adj．＋n．＋to do)
However，____________________________________________________________，especially in the past．
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1．30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2．70%的同学认为太空探索值得；
3．你的观点。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire to do．．．)
Humans __________________________________________________________．
②最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
Recently，students in our class have ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
③30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that．．．；非谓语动词)
30% of us ____________________________________________________________，
____________________________________________________________________．
④我们在太空探索上花了太多钱。否则，这些钱本可以被用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句；定语从句)
We have spent too much money on space exploration ____________________________________________________________ such as starvation and pollution．
⑤70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。(attach；result in；动词-ing形式作主语)
70% of us ________________________ space exploration，believing that ________________________________________________，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
⑥随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构；run out)
________________________________________________，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．
⑦随着太空研究的不断深入，或许有一天我们能够通过迁移到其他星球的方式来解决人口问题。(with复合结构)
____________________________________，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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动“嘴” ①open-mouthed目瞪口呆的 ②one's mouth widens咧开嘴 ③mouth drops/hangs wide open张大嘴巴 ④cup/cover one's mouth捂住某人的嘴 ⑤one's heart in one's mouth提心吊胆 ⑥one's mouth waters流口水
动“唇” ①lick one's lips舔嘴唇 ②purse one's lips噘嘴；抿嘴 ③bite one's lip咬嘴唇；忍住不说；抑制情感流露
微情景1　“意外发现”——考古学家发现文物时的“动嘴”反应
The archaeologist's ①________________________________________ (张大嘴巴，形容词) as the ancient vase emerged from the soil． “Incredible．．．” he murmured ②____________ (breathless)． Half ③____________(astonish) and half excited，Professor Lee gently brushed dust off the artifact． His assistant ④____________________ (咬着她的唇)，barely containing her excitement as she reached for the camera．
微情景2　“艰难抉择”——医生告知病情时的“唇部动作”
The pediatrician ①________________________ (抿着嘴) before speaking． Seeing this，the mother ②________________________ (捂住她的嘴)，her eyes instantly welling up． “I recommend immediate surgery，” the doctor ③________________________ (紧绷着嘴唇说，介词短语)． A heavy silence followed，④________________________ (两位女士舔了舔她们干燥的嘴唇，独立主格结构) as they contemplated the life-altering decision．
必修第三册　UNIT 4
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①disappointing　②disappointment　③was disappointed to learn that　④was disappointed at/with/by his arrival；my disappointment
2．①to seek　②for　③desire/have a strong desire to communicate fluently with foreigners in English　④such meaningful activities (should) be held
3．①For/Through　②to lack confidence/to be lacking in confidence　③(a) lack of exercise
4．①argument　②be argued　③argue him into accepting my opinion；arguing with him about/over the issue　④argue for the ban on using；argue that banning phones at school is unnecessary
5．①signal(l)ing　②to　③ignoring the traffic signals all the way　④to signal (to) the crowd to quiet down
6．①attached　②to　③(which is) attached to the e mail　④attach too much importance to reading
7．①from　②without　③resulting from；result in；As a result　④as a result of spending too much time on
8．①after；away；into；out　②of　③was running out
Ⅱ．1．determined　2．on　3．would have got　4．Being blamed　5．launched　6．independence　7．regularly；mentally　8．in　9．universally　10．to cycle
Ⅲ．1．①vt．发起　②vt．发射　③vt．上市　2．①n．班长　②n．监视器　③vt．监视　3．①adj．定期的　②adj．经常的　③adj．有规律的　4．①adj．当前的； 现在的　②n．思潮　③n．水流　④n．趋向
Ⅳ．1．Tom's being so careless　2．so as to save ourselves　3．the first person to come to my mind　4．space exploration has never been an easy task to carry out
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①have always been desiring to explore space　②had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring　③argue that space exploration is not worthwhile；thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life　④which otherwise could have been used to deal with Earth's problems　⑤attach importance to；exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits　⑥With limited resources on Earth gradually running out　⑦With further space research
组句成篇
Humans have always been desiring to explore space． Recently，students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring．
On the one hand, 30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life． We have spent too much money on space exploration which otherwise could have been used to deal with Earth's problems such as starvation and pollution． On the other hand，70% of us attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worthy to be conducted． With limited resources on Earth gradually running out，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage． Besides，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day．
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①mouth dropped wide open　②breathlessly　③astonished　④bit her lip
微情景2　①pursed her lips　②covered her mouth　③said with pressed lips　④both women licking their dry lips
14/14(共127张PPT)
必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
1．disappointed adj．失望的， 沮丧的 (disappoint vt．使失望/沮丧 disappointing adj．令人失望的 disappointment n．失望； 沮丧)
◎be disappointed at/with/by... 对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth． 对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that... 对……失望
◎to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
◎What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt．
让他们感到失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐就失败了。
2．desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt．渴望；期望 (desirable adj．值得做的；值得拥有的 desired adj．期望得到的；希望实现的)
◎have a desire for... 渴望得到……
have a desire to do... 渴望做……
◎desire to do sth． 渴望做某事
desire sb．to do sth． 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……做……
◎It is desirable that...(should) do sth． ……做某事是可取的。
◎The disappointed twins desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded．
＝The disappointed twins desired that their father (should) tell them how to make sandwiches，and he nodded．
失望的双胞胎想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治，父亲点了点头。
3．lack vt．没有；缺乏；缺少 n．缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj．不足的；缺乏的)
◎(a) lack of 缺少……
for/through lack of 因缺少……
◎lack＋n． 缺少……
lack for＋n． 缺乏……；……不足(多用于否定句中)
◎be lacking in 在……方面缺乏
◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don't know well，which could result in a lack of motivation for participation．
一些学生可能会在与不熟悉的人一起练习时感到不自在， 这可能会导致参与积极性不足。
4．argue vt．& vi．论证；争辩；争论 (argument n．争论；争吵；论点；辩论；论据)
◎argue (with sb．) about/over sth． 因某事(与某人)争吵/争论
argue sb．into/out of doing sth． 说服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against (doing) sth． 赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that... 主张……；认为……
◎beyond argument 无可争辩
◎(2023·全国乙卷)Eager to master some basic living skills，I argued my mother into teaching me how to cook during the May Day holiday．
由于渴望掌握一些基本的生活技能， 我说服了母亲在五一节期间教我如何做饭。
5．signal vt．& vi．[signal(l)ed，signal(l)ed，signal(l)ing]标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
◎signal to sb． 向某人发信号
signal (to) sb．to do sth． 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb．) that 示意(某人)……
◎give/send a signal 发出信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
◎(读后续写之动作描写)When I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money，the seller noticed my dilemma，greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down．
当我站在一个小摊旁叹息没钱时，小贩注意到了我的困境，亲切地微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。
6．attach vt．系； 绑； 贴； 把……固定； 重视 (attached adj．附属于； 依恋的， 爱慕的 attachment n．附件；附属物；依恋；爱慕)
◎attach...to... 把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach great importance/significance/value/weight to...
认为……很有重要性/意义/价值/分量
attach oneself to (doing) sth． 喜欢(做)某事(物)
◎be attached to 喜欢，依恋；附属于；关于；有关
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter attached great significance to helping others，believing that small acts of kindness could make a big difference in people's lives．
冈特非常重视帮助他人，他认为微小的善举就可以对人们的生活产生极大的影响。
7．result in导致；造成
◎result from 由……导致；因……而产生
◎as a result 所以；结果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result 没有结果地；徒劳地
◎(2025·北京卷)Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don't．
将自己与表现优于自己的人进行比较，如果一味关注他们所拥有的而你所欠缺的，就可能会产生嫉妒的情绪。
8．run out用完；耗尽
run out of 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
use up 用尽；吃光(及物动词短语，人作主语)
give out 用完；用尽；筋疲力尽
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；途中遭遇(恶劣天气)；碰上(麻烦等)
run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run away (from...) 逃离；避开
◎(2025·北京卷)Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits．
尼克尽情地享受着闻树叶的芬芳以及追逐兔子的乐趣。
1．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise．(状语从句的省略)
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都固定下来，否则这些东西就会飘走。
2．While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around．(so as to do作目的状语)
睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在某个东西上，以防四处飘浮。
3．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve．(主语＋be＋a/an＋adj．＋n．＋to do)
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
4．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth's increasing population．(动词-ing形式作前置定语)
因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
5．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth．
Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space．
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
◎当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。
◎动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：offer，way，time，ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，belief，attempt等。
◎(2025·全国一卷)Sharing real school experiences is the best way to connect with our readers．
分享真实的学校经历是与我们的读者建立联系的最佳方式。
◎(2025·全国一卷)This column will give students the perfect opportunity to show their writing skills while documenting memorable events to cherish．
这一专栏将为学生们提供绝佳的机会，让他们能够展示自己的写作能力，同时还能记录下那些值得铭记的精彩瞬间。
◎(2023·全国甲卷)He is the first Chinese to realise the dream of sailing around the world，as well as the first Chinese to cross the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean．
他是第一个实现全球航行梦想的中国人， 也是第一个穿越英吉利海峡和大西洋的中国人。
6．动词-ing形式作主语
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger．
首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界性饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。
◎单个动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
◎动词-ing形式作主语还有以下情况：
(1)用it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth．做某事没用；It is a waste of time/money/energy doing sth．做某事是浪费时间/金钱/精力；It is fun doing sth．做某事很有趣。
(2)动词-ing形式的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing sth。
◎(2025·全国一卷)Sharing real school experiences is more meaningful than guessing games．
分享真实的学校经历比玩猜谜游戏更有意义。
◎(读后续写之心理描写)His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame．
他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。
◎It is no use arguing with him about this issue because he doesn't think it is a waste of time playing computer games．
和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他并不认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．disappointed
①It is _____________ (disappoint) to fail，but it would be more disappointing not to try again．
②Overcome with bitter _______________ (disappoint) at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself in the room．
disappointing
disappointment
③尽管这位运动员全力以赴，但他得知自己未能晋级决赛时还是感到很失望。
The athlete ___________________________________ he had not qualified for the finals，despite his best efforts．
④(读后续写之心理描写)意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转变成我对他的感激。
Sensing that I _______________________________________，he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and __________________ gradually gave way to my gratitude to him．
was disappointed to learn that
was disappointed at/with/by his arrival
my disappointment
2．desire
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)Research also suggests that our desire ________ (seek) risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions，as well as a desire ___ high-quality products．
to seek
for
③(应用文写作之邀请信)如果你很渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。
If you _____________________________________________________
__________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Corner right away．
④我们希望此类有意义的活动能够定期举行。
We desire that ______________________________________ on a regular basis．
desire/have a strong desire to communicate fluently with foreigners in English
such meaningful activities (should) be held
3．lack
①______________ lack of confidence and experience，Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation．
②尽管他很有才华，但他似乎缺乏自信，这常常限制了他能力的全面展现。
Despite his talents，he seems __________________________________
____________，which often restricts the full display of his abilities．
For/Through
to lack confidence/to be lacking in confidence
③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely related to bad eating habits and ___________________．
(a) lack of exercise
4．argue
①(北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 7)You and your parents are having an _________ (argue) about you staying out late on Friday night．
②(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Indeed，it could __________ (argue) that our education is geared towards preparing us for a life of work．
argument
be argued
③我本想说服他接受我的意见，但我很快就意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。
I had intended to __________________________________________，but soon I realized it was no use ______________________________，because he was too stubborn．
argue him into accepting my opinion
arguing with him about/over the issue
④(应用文写作之观点表达)一些人支持禁止在学校使用手机的禁令，而另一些人则认为在学校禁止使用手机是不必要的。
Some people _______________________________ phones at school while others _____________________________________________．
argue for the ban on using
argue that banning phones at school is unnecessary
5．signal
①The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month，
___________ (signal) the end of the Spring Festival celebrations．
②He kept signaling __ me，but I didn't understand what he wanted．
signal(l)ing
to
③(读后续写之情景描写)报警后，司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。
After calling the police，the driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，_________________________
______________．
ignoring the traffic signals
all the way
④他举起双手示意人群安静，这位即将就紧迫问题发言的演讲者耐心等待着，直到房间内鸦雀无声。
Raising his hands _____________________________________，the speaker，who was about to address the pressing issue，waited patiently until silence filled the room．
to signal (to) the crowd to quiet down
6．attach
①She found a box lying on the table with a card ________ (attach) to it，saying “Happy Birthday”．
②He took out the hammock，attached it __ the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music．
attached
to
③(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能抽出一些时间来帮忙润色一下附在这封电子邮件后的文章，我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to help polish the article ___________________________________________．
④(应用文写作之建议信)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
You can never _____________________________________ during the process of learning a language．
(which is) attached to the e-mail
attach too much importance to reading
7．result in
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time．Some of these resulted _____ advances in technology．
②He conducted a thorough investigation ________ result，leaving the case unsolved for years．
from
without
③由于缺乏沟通而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会引发更严重的问题。因此，我们应当掌握足够的沟通技巧。
Misunderstandings ____________ lack of communication，if not handled properly，may _______ more serious problems．_________，
we should master sufficient communicating skills．
resulting from
result in
As a result
④(应用文写作之演讲稿)由于过度使用电子设备，孩子们不仅缺乏户外锻炼，心理健康也受到影响。
Not only do children lack outdoor exercise，but their mental health is also affected，____________________________________ electronic devices．
as a result of spending too much time on
8．run out
①Tom started to run _____ Jerry at the sight of him，so Jerry had to run _____．Jerry was so nervous that he ran ____ a tree accidentally after a few minutes' chase．Finally，their strength ran ___．
②I had run out __ all my patience and I began to explode with anger．
after
away
into
out
of
③(读后续写之人物描写)大卫的体力快耗尽了，但当他听到其他孩子的欢呼声时，便满身大汗、拖着沉重的步伐朝着终点线艰难前行。
David's energy __________________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat．
was running out
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．Mr Smith is ___________(determine) to seek his fortune in that big city．
2．All passengers __ board are required to fasten the seat belts before the plane takes off．
3．It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise he _________________ (get) into a series of trouble．
determined
on
would have got
4．_______________ (blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my face．
5．He headed to the bar，signal(l)ing to the girl that she could take part in the campaign ________(launch) by the company．
6．What counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my ____________ (independent)．
7．By taking exercise _________ (regular)，I have grown healthier not only physically，but also _________ (mental) in the past years．
Being blamed
launched
independence
regularly
mentally
8．Actually，I am so keen on space exploration that I usually go to the library __ the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe．
9．It is ___________ (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness．
10．I desired _________ (cycle) along the Mekong River with my friends．
in
universally
to cycle
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The government has launched an initiative aimed at launching more spacecrafts to the moon in the future．Meanwhile，many products related to space exploration will be launched．
①________　②________　③________
2．Our monitor suggested installing a monitor in our classroom to monitor our behavior in real time and motivate us to work harder．
①_______　②_________　③________
vt．发起
vt．发射
vt．上市
n．班长
n．监视器
vt．监视
3．Every month，our class has a regular meeting to discuss upcoming events．Sarah，who is a regular participant in these discussions，always shares great ideas．It's also important to maintain a regular routine for homework and study，as it helps us stay on track with our academic goals．
①___________　②___________　③_____________
adj．定期的
adj．经常的
adj．有规律的
4．In the current era of rapid technological advancement，the current of innovation flows like an unstoppable current，shaping the current of public opinion and driving societal change．
①_____________________　②_______　③_______　④_______
adj．当前的； 现在的
n．思潮
n．水流
n．趋向
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．汤姆的太过粗心造成了不少麻烦。(动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语)
________________________ resulted in so much trouble．
2．我们已到了这样一个阶段：为了拯救我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。(so as to do作目的状语)
We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment ___________________________．
Tom's being so careless
so as to save ourselves
3．说到历史上我最崇拜的人，我第一个想到的人是孔子。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth．)
When it comes to the person I admire most in history，_______________________________ is Confucius．
4．然而，太空探索从来都不是一项容易进行的任务，尤其是在过去。(主语＋be＋a/an＋adj．＋n．＋to do)
However，_______________________________________________，especially in the past．
the first person to come to my mind
space exploration has never been an easy task to carry out
Ⅴ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)(教师独具)
1．The new safety procedure requires employees to follow strict steps when handling chemicals． _______
2．The moon's weak gravity affects ocean tides on Earth．
_____________
3．The satellite orbits Earth every 90 minutes，collecting scientific data． ____________________________
n．程序
n．重力；引力
vt．沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
4．The broadcasting station，transmitting cultural programs across time zones，bridges continental divides． ______________
5．NASA's latest spacecraft is designed to explore Mars for signs of ancient life． ___________________
6．Many homes now use solar panels to reduce electricity costs．
_____________________
vt．传输；发送
n．航天器；宇宙飞船
adj．太阳的；太阳能的
7．A single fatal error in the software could crash the entire system．
_____________________
8．The company specializes in high-end electronics，targeting luxury consumers． ___________
adj．致命的；灾难性的
adj．高端的
练表达——主题引领写作
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1．30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2．70%的同学认为太空探索值得；
3．你的观点。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①人类一直渴望探索太空。(desire to do...)
Humans _________________________________________________．
②最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
Recently，students in our class have ____________________________
______________________________．
have always been desiring to explore space
had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring
③30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue that...；非谓语动词)
30% of us ______________________________________________，_________________________________________________________．
argue that space exploration is not worthwhile
thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life
④我们在太空探索上花了太多钱。否则，这些钱本可以被用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句；定语从句)
We have spent too much money on space exploration ________________
___________________________________________ such as starvation and pollution．
which otherwise could have been used to deal with Earth's problems
⑤70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。(attach；result in；动词-ing形式作主语)
70% of us _______________________ space exploration，believing that _________________________________________，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
attach importance to
exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits
⑥随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with复合结构；run out)
__________________________________________________，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．
⑦随着太空研究的不断深入，或许有一天我们能够通过迁移到其他星球的方式来解决人口问题。(with复合结构)
_________________________，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day．
With limited resources on Earth gradually running out
With further space research
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
Humans have always been desiring to explore space．Recently，students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring．
On the one hand，30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life．We have spent too much money on space exploration which otherwise could have been used to deal with Earth's problems such as starvation and pollution．On the other hand，70% of us attach importance to space exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast．
As far as I am concerned，space exploration is worthy to be conducted．With limited resources on Earth gradually running out，we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage．Besides，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day．
动“嘴” ①open-mouthed目瞪口呆的 ②one's mouth widens咧开嘴 ③mouth drops/hangs wide open张大嘴巴 ④cup/cover one's mouth捂住某人的嘴 ⑤one's heart in one's mouth提心吊胆 ⑥one's mouth waters流口水
动“唇” ①lick one's lips舔嘴唇 ②purse one's lips噘嘴；抿嘴 ③bite one's lip咬嘴唇；忍住不说；抑制情感流露
微情景1　“意外发现”——考古学家发现文物时的“动嘴”反应
The archaeologist's ①________________________ (张大嘴巴，形容词) as the ancient vase emerged from the soil．“Incredible...” he murmured ②______________________ (breathless)．Half ③__________(astonish) and half excited，Professor Lee gently brushed dust off the artifact．His assistant ④_____________ (咬着她的唇)，barely containing her excitement as she reached for the camera．
mouth dropped wide open
breathlessly
astonished
bit her lip
微情景2　“艰难抉择”——医生告知病情时的“唇部动作”
The pediatrician ①______________ (抿着嘴) before speaking．Seeing this，the mother ②_________________ (捂住她的嘴)，her eyes instantly welling up．“I recommend immediate surgery，” the doctor ③__________________ (紧绷着嘴唇说，介词短语)．A heavy silence followed，④____________________________ (两位女士舔了舔她们干燥的嘴唇，独立主格结构) as they contemplated the life-altering decision．
pursed her lips
covered her mouth
said with pressed lips
both women licking their dry lips
题型组合练(十五)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
For the first time，a satellite partly made of wood has been launched into space to test if wood can be a good building material for space．This wooden satellite，named “LignoSat”， is being experimented with by Japanese scientists to see if it can help reduce pollution in space．Traditionally，satellites are made of metal，but wood is easy to get，non-polluting，and surprisingly tougher in space due to the absence of water and oxygen．
The concept originated from Takao Doi，a scientist-astronaut，who wondered about growing trees in space for construction purposes．The question got Mr．Doi and other scientists at Japan's Kyoto University thinking about the idea of wood in space．They thought it might be possible to build a satellite out of wood．
The idea was simple，but the project wasn't easy．The team at Kyoto University decided to explore using wood for satellites．They tested birch，cherry，and honoki(a type of tree)on the International Space Station．After eight months，all woods proved durable against space conditions．For the final satellite，the researchers chose honoki wood．This wood is light and strong，and doesn't crack (裂缝) easily．
To create the satellite's wooden panels，the team used a traditional woodworking method called sashimono．The method doesn't use nails or glue．Instead，the pieces are carefully cut to fit together tightly．In December，the satellite was put into orbit around the Earth．
Over the next six months，sensors inside the satellite will help measure how well the wood holds up．One important question is how much the wood will expand and shrink (收缩) as the temperature changes．If the experiment works，wooden satellites could one day help reduce pollution．Satellites normally burn up as they come back into the Earth's atmosphere．Burning metal satellites leave behind a cloud of pollution．But when wood burns，it only leaves water and carbon dioxide behind．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个创新的科学实验，旨在探索木材作为太空建筑材料的潜力，并讨论了其可能带来的环境效益。
1．Why do scientists test the wooden satellite “LignoSat” in space
A．To reduce the cost of satellite production．
B．To figure out how long wood can last in space．
C．To compare the strength of different types of wood．
D．To test wood as a space construction material．
√
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“For the first time，a satellite partly made of wood has been launched into space to test if wood can be a good building material for space．”可知，科学家们在太空测试木制卫星“LignoSat”是为了测试木材作为太空建筑材料的可能性。故选D。]
2．What inspired scientists to build a satellite out of wood
A．The lightweight properties of wood．
B．Takao Doi's idea of planting trees in space．
C．The innovation in tree planting methods．
D．The development of the LignoSat project．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这个概念起源于科学家兼宇航员Takao Doi，他想了解用于建筑目的的太空植树。这个问题让Doi先生和日本京都大学的其他科学家们产生了在太空中使用木材的想法。故选B。]
3．How does sashimono contribute to its overall design and functionality
A．By allowing for easy repairs in space．
B．By avoiding the need for nails or glue．
C．By adding cultural value to the scientific mission．
D．By helping the satellite adjust to temperature changes．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“To create the satellite's wooden panels，the team used a traditional woodworking method called sashimono．The method doesn't use nails or glue．Instead，the pieces are carefully cut to fit together tightly．”可知，这种木工方法能够避免使用钉子或胶水，从而有助于其整体设计和功能。故选B。]
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The First Wooden Satellite Was Launched into Space
B．Eco-Friendly Space Exploration in the Future
C．How Wooden Satellites Could Impact the Climate
D．Whether Japan's Innovative Approach Reduces Space Litter
√
A　[标题归纳题。文章介绍了科学家们要在太空中测试木制卫星“LignoSat”，旨在探索木材作为太空建筑材料的可能性，以及这种卫星的制作方法和未来的发展等情况。综上可知，A项“第一颗木制卫星发射升空”最适合作为文章的标题。故选A。]
B
(2025·广东汕头一模)
At a crop breeding (培育) center in Shanghai，researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China's space station，Tiangong．The rice plants have completed a full growth cycle on Earth，maturing after more than 100 days since planting．
This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft．Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59 seeds，which they returned to Earth．
Researchers then selected high-quality seeds，growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10，000 new seeds．
Zheng Huiqiong，a lead researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Center，shared that the team's findings suggested space-bred seeds can reproduce effectively on Earth，suggesting potential for future space agriculture．Zheng highlighted that the space-bred rice possesses unique traits，such as a higher sugar content，with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice．The space-bred rice also showed a slight increase in protein content．“That means space-bred rice tastes sweeter and has more energy，” she added．
Space breeding，the method used in this experiment，exposes seeds to space radiation and microgravity，generating gene mutations (基因突变)．These mutations are carefully assessed upon the seeds' return to Earth，sometimes resulting in advantageous traits like shorter growth time，improved disease resistance，and higher output．Zhao Hui，an expert in the China Academy of Space Technology，emphasized the safety of space-bred food，explaining that unlike genetically modified crops，space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes．However，the space-bred rice has fewer leaves，which complicates close planting．Researchers are planning further studies to understand these leaf traits and explore possible genetic changes．
The Tiangong rice experiment marked a milestone for crop science，as it was the first time that rice had completed a full life cycle—from seed germination (发芽) to reproduction—in orbit．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。
5．What can we know about the space-to-ground experiment
A．Seeds grown in orbit promise higher crop quality．
B．Seeds bred in space were further grown successfully on Earth．
C．New species of seeds grown in space have achieved great success．
D．Climate conditions were controlled when seeds were sent into orbit．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft...Researchers then selected high-quality seeds，growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10，000 new seeds．” 可知，在太空中培育的种子回到地球后被进一步种植。故选B。]
6．What does the underlined word “traits” mean in paragraph 3
A．Materials． B．Arrangements．
C．Disadvantages． D．Characteristics．
√
D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“比如含糖量更高，其含糖量估计是标准大米的5到6倍”可知，“traits” 指太空培育水稻的独特特点，如高含糖量、蛋白质含量增加等。故选D。]
7．What does Zhao Hui stress about the space-bred rice
A．Its security． B．Its artificial process．
C．Its nutrition． D．Its major shortcoming．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zhao Hui，an expert in the China Academy of Space Technology，emphasized the safety of space-bred food”可知，赵辉强调的是太空培育水稻的安全性。故选A。]
8．Which of the following is the best title
A．Organic Farming：High-quality Planting in Space
B．Space Exploration：A Journey to Space and Beyond
C．New Planting Approaches：Replacing the Traditional Farming
D．Space-to-ground Cycle：Promising Future Space Agriculture
√
D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。由此可知，D选项“太空到地面循环：有前景的未来太空农业”最适合作本文的标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·四川绵阳模拟)
Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything．Nothing is completely predictable or controlled．I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 1 on the Earth．
So when my mother and I decided to drive to Erie，Pennsylvania，to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食)，I knew this would be a trip of two 2 attitudes．I was 3 about the weather and convinced we'd be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom had strong faith that order would 4 and the skies would let us see an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives．I told her not to 5 the universe for this one；she told me she wouldn't depend on anything else．
I was once again humbled into a 6 I've learned time and time again： Mama knows best．Erie's forecast said that morning was looking 7 ， but after 2 p．m．，the clouds over the city's bay began to 8 roll away．The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses crested (达到顶峰)，concentrating into a fierce orange glow (暗淡的光)．
The eclipse 9 at 3：16 p．m．A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle．The sunset-like 10 glowed and bloomed in the distance．I could 11 a solar region on the sides of the sun in slimly bright red and pink．Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance．It felt like bearing 12 to something close to a miracle．Four minutes later，the eclipse 13 ．The sun brightened again．And the clouds 14 violently，swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray．But for four incredible minutes，the universe seemed to have made good on a 15 to my mother．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位太空记者与母亲前往宾夕法尼亚州伊利市观看日全食的经历。尽管作者对天气持悲观态度，但母亲坚信他们会看到这一壮观的天文现象。最终，他们成功地目睹了日全食，这让作者再次认识到母亲的智慧。
1．A．analysts B．observers
C．investigators D．astronauts
√
B　[根据上文“Six years as a space reporter”可知，作者是一名太空记者，所以他应该会经常观察天空，也就是一名观察者。故选B项。]
2．A．consistent B．conflicting
C．amusing D．agreeable
√
B　[根据下文“convinced we'd be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom had strong faith”可知，while表示转折，说明作者和母亲持有完全不同的态度，也就是说他们的态度是冲突的。故选B项。]
3．A．optimistic B．confused
C．pessimistic D．curious
√
C　[根据下文“while my mom had strong faith that order would ___________ and the skies would let us see an eclipse”可知，while表示转折，说明作者与母亲的态度完全不同，作者对天气持悲观态度，他认为随机性是不可战胜的。故选C项。]
4．A．win B．lose
C．delay D．fail
√
A　[根据上文“while my mom had strong faith”及语境可知，母亲和作者的观点相反，她相信秩序会胜出。故选A项。]
5．A．feed on B．count on
C．take on D．settle on
√
B　[根据下文“depend on anything”可知，作者建议母亲不要指望宇宙，母亲也回应说她并不依靠任何事，count on和depend on是同义词组。故选B项。]
6．A．plan B．skill
C．lesson D．practice
√
C　[根据下文“I've learned time and time again”可知，作者学到了一个教训。故选C项。]
7．A．usual B．average
C．beautiful D．terrible
√
D　[根据下文“the clouds over the city's bay began to___________ roll away”可知，下午乌云开始消散，说明早晨的天气是糟糕的。故选D项。]
8．A．gradually B．suddenly
C．constantly D．frequently
√
A　[根据下文“roll away”及常识可知，云如果要散去，是逐渐散去的。故选A项。]
9．A．disappeared B．exploded
C．died D．began
√
D　[根据下文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle．”可知，日全食开始了。故选D项。]
10．A．shapes B．sizes
C．colors D．scenes
√
C　[根据下文“glowed and bloomed in the distance”及语境可知，在远处的天空上闪烁的应该是日食的色彩。故选C项。]
11．A．spot B．mark
C．orbit D．pick
√
A　[根据下文“a solar region on the sides of the sun”及语境可知，太阳看不到了，现在作者只能看到太阳的轮廓。故选A项。]
12．A．tolerance B．relation
C．witness D．reference
√
C　[根据下文“something close to a miracle”及语境可知，作者终于见证了这一奇迹，固定搭配bear witness to意思是“见证”。故选C项。]
13．A．continued B．progressed
C．ticked D．ended
√
D　[根据下文“The sun brightened again．”可知，日全食结束了。故选D项。]
14．A．quit B．rolled
C．left D．voice
√
B　[根据下文“swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray”可知，云猛烈地翻滚着。故选B项。]
15．A．promise B．reminder
C．word D．voice
√
A　[根据上文“Mama knows best．”及全文可知，妈妈的预言是正确的，他们的确看到了日全食，就好像宇宙兑现了对妈妈的承诺一样。故选A项。]
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
What is luck Essentially，luck is a force used to explain unexpected successes and failures when the usual explanations do not seem sufficient．Luck can really feel random，and it can be tough to know how to get good luck on your side． 1 Here are some specific tips．
A positive outlook can help change the negative things that are happening．Life doesn't always leave you in a place of cheerfulness．
2 Maybe it's your graduation day，the birth of your child or when you get the starring role in a play．Keep in mind that those who love to laugh usually have good luck．
The more people you know，the more paths you will have to discover new opportunities and find the good fortune you desire．
According to psychologist Richard Wiseman，the No．1 predictor of how many lucky breaks a person has is how interconnected he or she is with others． 3 3
4 Waking up，going to work and going to bed aren't going to change anything．What you should do is to walk out，try something brain-boosting or something that makes you feel productive．
It's not easy to reach out to others when we don't feel like anything is going our way．But if you stop feeling like you need to do everything on your own，that may be a path to better luck． 5 Finding a career coach could also be the ticket to better outcomes with your job．
A．Taking up a new hobby may be a great way to start．
B．Though challenging，it is achievable for everyone to make their own luck．
C．If you want to turn your luck around，expose yourself to new opportunities．
D．Doing kind things for others may help draw better fortune in your direction．
E．So if you're still feeling alone，it's time to get out and interact with others．
F．When you feel down，optimism and hopefulness help to recall the happy moments．
G．Consulting a doctor may help you get rid of a negative cycle in your relationships．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运气虽然是随机出现的，但可以通过积极态度、社交和尝试新事物来创造好运。
1．B　[上文提到运气是随机出现的，很难让好运站在自己这边，下文“Here are some specific tips．”提出有一些具体的建议，B选项“虽然具有挑战性，但每个人都可以创造自己的运气”指出虽然让好运站在自己这边有挑战性，但每个人都可以创造自己的运气，引出下文的建议。故选B。]
2．F　[上文提到生活并不总是让人快乐，F选项“当你情绪低落时，乐观和希望有助于回忆起快乐的时刻”承接上文，指出当情绪低落时，乐观和希望有助于回忆起快乐的时刻，与下文“Maybe it's your graduation day，the birth of your child or when you get the starring role in a play．”列举的快乐时刻相呼应。故选F。]
3．E　[上文提到与他人联系的程度是一个人有多少幸运事件的第一预测因素，E选项“所以，如果你仍然感到孤独，是时候走出去和别人交流了”指出如果感到孤独，就应该走出去和别人交流，与上文提到的与他人联系相呼应。故选E。]
4．C　[下文提到要走出去，尝试新的事物，C选项“如果你想扭转自己的运气，那就让自己接触新的机会”指出如果想扭转运气，就要接触新的机会，与下文提到的走出去尝试新事物相呼应。故选C。]
5．G　[上文提到不要独自做所有事情，以及下文“Finding a career coach could also be the ticket to better outcomes with your job．”提到可以找到职业教练获得帮助，得到更好的成果，G选项“咨询医生可以帮助你摆脱人际关系中的负面循环”举例说明了可以向医生寻求帮助。故选G。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(十五)　必修第三册　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：47.5分)
(提示：批阅时只需批阅本页即可)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
For the first time，a satellite partly made of wood has been launched into space to test if wood can be a good building material for space． This wooden satellite，named “LignoSat”，is being experimented with by Japanese scientists to see if it can help reduce pollution in space． Traditionally，satellites are made of metal，but wood is easy to get，non-polluting，and surprisingly tougher in space due to the absence of water and oxygen．
The concept originated from Takao Doi，a scientist-astronaut，who wondered about growing trees in space for construction purposes． The question got Mr． Doi and other scientists at Japan's Kyoto University thinking about the idea of wood in space． They thought it might be possible to build a satellite out of wood．
The idea was simple，but the project wasn't easy． The team at Kyoto University decided to explore using wood for satellites． They tested birch，cherry，and honoki(a type of tree)on the International Space Station． After eight months，all woods proved durable against space conditions． For the final satellite，the researchers chose honoki wood． This wood is light and strong，and doesn't crack (裂缝) easily．
To create the satellite's wooden panels，the team used a traditional woodworking method called sashimono． The method doesn't use nails or glue． Instead，the pieces are carefully cut to fit together tightly． In December，the satellite was put into orbit around the Earth．
Over the next six months，sensors inside the satellite will help measure how well the wood holds up． One important question is how much the wood will expand and shrink (收缩) as the temperature changes． If the experiment works，wooden satellites could one day help reduce pollution． Satellites normally burn up as they come back into the Earth's atmosphere． Burning metal satellites leave behind a cloud of pollution． But when wood burns，it only leaves water and carbon dioxide behind．
1．Why do scientists test the wooden satellite “LignoSat” in space
A．To reduce the cost of satellite production．
B．To figure out how long wood can last in space．
C．To compare the strength of different types of wood．
D．To test wood as a space construction material．
2．What inspired scientists to build a satellite out of wood
A．The lightweight properties of wood．
B．Takao Doi's idea of planting trees in space．
C．The innovation in tree planting methods．
D．The development of the LignoSat project．
3．How does sashimono contribute to its overall design and functionality
A．By allowing for easy repairs in space．
B．By avoiding the need for nails or glue．
C．By adding cultural value to the scientific mission．
D．By helping the satellite adjust to temperature changes．
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The First Wooden Satellite Was Launched into Space
B．Eco-Friendly Space Exploration in the Future
C．How Wooden Satellites Could Impact the Climate
D．Whether Japan's Innovative Approach Reduces Space Litter
B
(2025·广东汕头一模)
At a crop breeding (培育) center in Shanghai，researchers have successfully harvested rice that was grown from seeds initially bred on China's space station，Tiangong． The rice plants have completed a full growth cycle on Earth，maturing after more than 100 days since planting．
This space-to-ground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft． Taikonauts onboard Tiangong bred these seeds into 59 seeds，which they returned to Earth． Researchers then selected high-quality seeds，growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10，000 new seeds．
Zheng Huiqiong，a lead researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Center，shared that the team's findings suggested space-bred seeds can reproduce effectively on Earth，suggesting potential for future space agriculture． Zheng highlighted that the space-bred rice possesses unique traits, such as a higher sugar content，with sugar levels estimated to be five to six times higher than standard rice． The space-bred rice also showed a slight increase in protein content． “That means space-bred rice tastes sweeter and has more energy，” she added．
Space breeding，the method used in this experiment，exposes seeds to space radiation and microgravity，generating gene mutations (基因突变)． These mutations are carefully assessed upon the seeds' return to Earth，sometimes resulting in advantageous traits like shorter growth time，improved disease resistance，and higher output． Zhao Hui，an expert in the China Academy of Space Technology，emphasized the safety of space-bred food，explaining that unlike genetically modified crops，space-bred seeds naturally mutate without introducing foreign genes． However，the space-bred rice has fewer leaves，which complicates close planting． Researchers are planning further studies to understand these leaf traits and explore possible genetic changes．
The Tiangong rice experiment marked a milestone for crop science，as it was the first time that rice had completed a full life cycle—from seed germination (发芽) to reproduction—in orbit．
5．What can we know about the space-to-ground experiment
A．Seeds grown in orbit promise higher crop quality．
B．Seeds bred in space were further grown successfully on Earth．
C．New species of seeds grown in space have achieved great success．
D．Climate conditions were controlled when seeds were sent into orbit．
6．What does the underlined word “traits” mean in paragraph 3
A．Materials． B．Arrangements．
C．Disadvantages． D．Characteristics．
7．What does Zhao Hui stress about the space-bred rice
A．Its security． B．Its artificial process．
C．Its nutrition． D．Its major shortcoming．
8．Which of the following is the best title
A．Organic Farming: High-quality Planting in Space
B．Space Exploration: A Journey to Space and Beyond
C．New Planting Approaches: Replacing the Traditional Farming
D．Space-to-ground Cycle: Promising Future Space Agriculture
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2026·四川绵阳模拟)
Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything． Nothing is completely predictable or controlled． I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial (天空的) event is ever truly promised to us 1 on the Earth．
So when my mother and I decided to drive to Erie，Pennsylvania，to see the April 8 total solar eclipse (日全食)，I knew this would be a trip of two 2 attitudes． I was 3 about the weather and convinced we'd be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom had strong faith that order would 4 and the skies would let us see an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives． I told her not to 5 the universe for this one；she told me she wouldn't depend on anything else．
I was once again humbled into a 6 I've learned time and time again: Mama knows best． Erie's forecast said that morning was looking 7 ，but after 2 p．m．，the clouds over the city's bay began to 8 roll away． The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses crested (达到顶峰)，concentrating into a fierce orange glow (暗淡的光)．
The eclipse 9 at 3：16 p．m． A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle． The sunset-like 10 glowed and bloomed in the distance． I could 11 a solar region on the sides of the sun in slimly bright red and pink． Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this performance． It felt like bearing 12 to something close to a miracle． Four minutes later，the eclipse 13 ． The sun brightened again． And the clouds 14 violently，swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray． But for four incredible minutes，the universe seemed to have made good on a 15 to my mother．
1．A．analysts B．observers
C．investigators D．astronauts
2．A．consistent B．conflicting
C．amusing D．agreeable
3．A．optimistic B．confused
C．pessimistic D．curious
4．A．win B．lose
C．delay D．fail
5．A．feed on B．count on
C．take on D．settle on
6．A．plan B．skill
C．lesson D．practice
7．A．usual B．average
C．beautiful D．terrible
8．A．gradually B．suddenly
C．constantly D．frequently
9．A．disappeared B．exploded
C．died D．began
10．A．shapes B．sizes
C．colors D．scenes
11．A．spot B．mark
C．orbit D．pick
12．A．tolerance B．relation
C．witness D．reference
13．A．continued B．progressed
C．ticked D．ended
14．A．quit B．rolled
C．left D．voice
15．A．promise B．reminder
C．word D．voice
Ⅲ．七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
What is luck Essentially，luck is a force used to explain unexpected successes and failures when the usual explanations do not seem sufficient． Luck can really feel random，and it can be tough to know how to get good luck on your side． 1 Here are some specific tips．
A positive outlook can help change the negative things that are happening． Life doesn't always leave you in a place of cheerfulness． 2 Maybe it's your graduation day，the birth of your child or when you get the starring role in a play． Keep in mind that those who love to laugh usually have good luck．
The more people you know，the more paths you will have to discover new opportunities and find the good fortune you desire． According to psychologist Richard Wiseman，the No．1 predictor of how many lucky breaks a person has is how interconnected he or she is with others． 3
4 Waking up，going to work and going to bed aren't going to change anything． What you should do is to walk out，try something brain-boosting or something that makes you feel productive．
It's not easy to reach out to others when we don't feel like anything is going our way． But if you stop feeling like you need to do everything on your own，that may be a path to better luck． 5 Finding a career coach could also be the ticket to better outcomes with your job．
A．Taking up a new hobby may be a great way to start．
B．Though challenging，it is achievable for everyone to make their own luck．
C．If you want to turn your luck around，expose yourself to new opportunities．
D．Doing kind things for others may help draw better fortune in your direction．
E．So if you're still feeling alone，it's time to get out and interact with others．
F．When you feel down，optimism and hopefulness help to recall the happy moments．
G．Consulting a doctor may help you get rid of a negative cycle in your relationships．
题型组合练(十五)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个创新的科学实验，旨在探索木材作为太空建筑材料的潜力，并讨论了其可能带来的环境效益。
1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“For the first time, a satellite partly made of wood has been launched into space to test if wood can be a good building material for space．”可知，科学家们在太空测试木制卫星“LignoSat”是为了测试木材作为太空建筑材料的可能性。故选D。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，这个概念起源于科学家兼宇航员Takao Doi，他想了解用于建筑目的的太空植树。这个问题让Doi先生和日本京都大学的其他科学家们产生了在太空中使用木材的想法。故选B。]
3．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“To create the satellite's wooden panels, the team used a traditional woodworking method called sashimono． The method doesn't use nails or glue． Instead, the pieces are carefully cut to fit together tightly．”可知，这种木工方法能够避免使用钉子或胶水，从而有助于其整体设计和功能。故选B。]
4．A　[标题归纳题。文章介绍了科学家们要在太空中测试木制卫星“LignoSat”，旨在探索木材作为太空建筑材料的可能性，以及这种卫星的制作方法和未来的发展等情况。综上可知，A项“第一颗木制卫星发射升空”最适合作为文章的标题。故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“This spacetoground experiment began with 6 rice seeds sent into orbit in 2022 on the Wentian spacecraft．．． Researchers then selected highquality seeds, growing them under controlled climate conditions and producing around 10，000 new seeds．” 可知，在太空中培育的种子回到地球后被进一步种植。故选B。]
6．D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“比如含糖量更高，其含糖量估计是标准大米的5到6倍”可知，“traits” 指太空培育水稻的独特特点，如高含糖量、蛋白质含量增加等。故选D。]
7．A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zhao Hui, an expert in the China Academy of Space Technology, emphasized the safety of spacebred food”可知，赵辉强调的是太空培育水稻的安全性。故选A。]
8．D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，文章主要讲述了太空到地面的水稻种植实验，该实验对未来太空农业有重要意义。由此可知，D选项“太空到地面循环：有前景的未来太空农业”最适合作本文的标题。故选D。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位太空记者与母亲前往宾夕法尼亚州伊利市观看日全食的经历。尽管作者对天气持悲观态度，但母亲坚信他们会看到这一壮观的天文现象。最终，他们成功地目睹了日全食，这让作者再次认识到母亲的智慧。
1．B　[根据上文“Six years as a space reporter”可知，作者是一名太空记者，所以他应该会经常观察天空，也就是一名观察者。故选B项。]
2．B　[根据下文“convinced we'd be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom had strong faith”可知，while表示转折，说明作者和母亲持有完全不同的态度，也就是说他们的态度是冲突的。故选B项。]
3．C　[根据下文“while my mom had strong faith that order would and the skies would let us see an eclipse”可知，while表示转折，说明作者与母亲的态度完全不同，作者对天气持悲观态度，他认为随机性是不可战胜的。故选C项。]
4．A　[根据上文“while my mom had strong faith”及语境可知，母亲和作者的观点相反，她相信秩序会胜出。故选A项。]
5．B　[根据下文“depend on anything”可知，作者建议母亲不要指望宇宙，母亲也回应说她并不依靠任何事，count on和depend on是同义词组。故选B项。]
6．C　[根据下文“I've learned time and time again”可知，作者学到了一个教训。故选C项。]
7．D　[根据下文“the clouds over the city's bay began to roll away”可知，下午乌云开始消散，说明早晨的天气是糟糕的。故选D项。]
8．A　[根据下文“roll away”及常识可知，云如果要散去，是逐渐散去的。故选A项。]
9．D　[根据下文“A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle．”可知，日全食开始了。故选D项。]
10．C　[根据下文“glowed and bloomed in the distance”及语境可知，在远处的天空上闪烁的应该是日食的色彩。故选C项。]
11．A　[根据下文“a solar region on the sides of the sun”及语境可知，太阳看不到了，现在作者只能看到太阳的轮廓。故选A项。]
12．C　[根据下文“something close to a miracle”及语境可知，作者终于见证了这一奇迹，固定搭配bear witness to意思是“见证”。故选C项。]
13．D　[根据下文“The sun brightened again．”可知，日全食结束了。故选D项。]
14．B　[根据下文“swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray”可知，云猛烈地翻滚着。故选B项。]
15．A　[根据上文“Mama knows best．”及全文可知，妈妈的预言是正确的，他们的确看到了日全食，就好像宇宙兑现了对妈妈的承诺一样。故选A项。]
Ⅲ．1．B　2．F　3．E　4．C　5．G
7/7

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