资源简介

1．extend vt．扩展；使伸长；延长；扩大……的范围(或影响)；给予 vi．包括；涉及(范围) (extensive adj．广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extensively adv．广阔地；广泛地；大量地 extension n．扩大；延伸；扩展；延期；电话分级线extended adj．延长了的；扩展了的)
extend to 　　　　 扩展到
extend by 延长了
extend one's heartfelt gratitude to 向……表示衷心的感谢
extend sth．to sb． 给予某人某物
◎(应用文写作之演讲稿)I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers，who have done so much for us over the years．
我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。
2．negotiate vt．商定；达成(协议) vi．谈判；磋商；协商(negotiation n．谈判；磋商 negotiable adj．可讨论的； 可协商的)
◎negotiate with sb．about/for sth．＝negotiate sth．with sb．　
与某人商议/谈判某事
◎under negotiation 在商谈中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
◎We are happy to negotiate with you in that way．
我们很高兴用这种方式来和贵方协商。
3．withdraw vi．& vt．(withdrew，withdrawn) (使)撤回；撤离 (withdrawal n．收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款)
withdraw．．．from．．．　 从……撤离/退出
withdraw one's eyes from 把视线从……移开
withdraw to sth． 退入；撤退到
withdraw into oneself 不与人交往
◎Finally，he hoped that the freshmen would strive to move on rather than withdraw when facing challenges．
最后，他希望新生们在面对挑战时能努力继续前进，而不是退出。
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用
◎at hand　　　 在手边； 即将到来
give sb．a hand 帮助某人
by hand 用手
hand in hand 手挽手
on the one hand．．．on the other hand．．． 一方面……另一方面……
hands down 轻易地
◎hand in 上交
hand out 分发
hand over 移交
◎hands-on adj． 动手的；实践的
◎(读后续写之行为描写)He approached his superior hat in hand，apologised for the loss he had caused and begged for forgiveness．
他毕恭毕敬地走近他的上司，为自己造成的损失道歉，并请求原谅。
5．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj．宽大的；仁慈的merciless adj．残忍的)
◎show mercy to　　 对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon 对……怜悯/宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情地
at the mercy of．．． 任由……摆布；对……无能为力
beg for mercy 请求宽恕
out of mercy 出于仁慈/同情
◎be merciful to 对……仁慈
◎It sits out on a hill and is at the mercy of the winds that come howling through．
它坐落在一座山上，任凭呼啸而过的风摆布。
1．Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore．(there be ＋名词＋ left ＋ to do sth．仍有某事要做)
尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。
2．From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects．(there is an urgent need to do sth．迫切需要做某事)
从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
3．Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future．(with复合结构)
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it．(不定式作目的状语)
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。
5．so that引导目的状语从句
We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action．
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。
◎so that从句中常常使用情态动词can/could，may/might，will/would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能置于句首，而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
◎当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可变为so as to或in order to短语。
◎(应用文写作之倡议书)We should sort the garbage properly so that they can be treated easily and differently．
我们应该对垃圾进行适当的分类，这样它们就可以很容易地被区别对待。
6．as引导时间状语从句
Hopefully，as technology improves，we may have more options for managing this balance．
随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
◎as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。
◎as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，状语从句需要倒装。
◎as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。
◎as引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样，正如”。
◎as引导比较状语从句时基本结构是as．．．as。前一个as是副词；后一个as引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样，正如”。
◎as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，像”，指代整个主句，在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常有逗号与主句隔开。
◎(应用文写作之科技)As smartphones and computers grow increasingly popular，more students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways．
随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，更多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。
◎As time goes by，Peking Opera has enjoyed great popularity among people from all walks of life，becoming one of the most popular dramas in China．
随着时间的流逝，京剧在社会各界广受欢迎，成为中国最受欢迎的剧种之一。
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．extend
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)By this time，the fire had extended ____________ the 15th floor．Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p．m．
②If you are in need of a deadline __________(extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor．
③Everyone was impressed by his __________ (extend) knowledge of music．
④(2024·北京卷)I worked ____________ (extensive) with other students，constantly asked questions，and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could．
⑤(应用文写作之感谢信)我们向在社区清理活动中奉献时间和努力的志愿者们表示衷心的感谢，他们使我们的社区成为一个更干净、更美丽的居住地。
We ________________________________________________ who dedicated their time and effort during the community clean-up event，making our neighborhood a cleaner and more beautiful place to live in．
2．negotiate
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 2)For example，if you are a business person negotiating ____________ a large enterprise ____________ a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner．
②It is reported that the ____________(negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule．
③The budget for this project is flexible，meaning that all expenses are ____________(negotiate)during our discussions．
④(读后续写之细节描写)他与这个非营利组织进行谈判，为他们旨在帮助无家可归者的慈善活动获得捐赠和支持。
He ____________________________________ to secure donations and support for their charity event aimed at helping the homeless．
3．withdraw
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Both men were happy ____________ (withdraw) from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives．
②The commander-in-chief was given 36 hours to secure a ____________ (withdraw) of his troops from the combat zone．
③这位网球运动员因生病退出了几项锦标赛。
The tennis player ____________________________________ due to illness．
4．in hand
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 4)Four years had disappeared in a flash．I stood with my certificate ____________ hand and reflected on those four years．
②____________ the other hand，new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years．
③(2024·九省联考)He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill，so he has his students write not only ____________ hand but also with old-fashioned fountain pens．
④(应用文写作之建议信)保持积极有助于你专注于手头的工作，并在学习中取得成功。
Staying motivated can help you ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
and achieve success in learning．
⑤(应用文写作之健康生活)由于有共享单车可使用，我们的生活变得越来越便利了。
____________________________________________________________________，
our life has become increasingly convenient．
5．mercy
①The leader is such a ____________(mercy) man and always has mercy ____________ those poor people．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards ____________ of mercy．
③We are supposed to show mercy __________ the disabled instead of looking down upon them．
④There was no shelter from the __________ (mercy) heat．
⑤(读后续写之情境描写)他们在海里漂了一整天之后，大自然对他们展示了些许怜悯。
Nature ____________________________________________________________ after they had floated on the sea for a whole day．(mercy)
→Nature was ________________________ after they had floated on the sea for a whole day．(merciful)
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．The brilliant ____________ is a doctor by ____________，so he has much ____________ knowledge in medicine．(profession)
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典)． I don't trust my ____________ (laptop)spellchecker．
3．With many good qualities，our monitor is in a league ____________ his own in every aspect．
4．Suddenly she looked back and ____________ (behold) such glory as she had not even seen in her most vivid dream．
5．They were ____________ (royal) received in every aspect．
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The shared experience of overcoming the mountain challenge created a strong emotional bond between the teammates． This shared struggle helped bond the group together，fostering deep trust． In chemistry class，meanwhile，they learned how atoms bond to form molecules．
①________________　②___________________
③________________
2．During the corruption investigation，police obtained an arrest warrant for the mayor． As he attempted to flee，federal agents moved swiftly to arrest him at the airport． Although doctors managed to arrest the internal bleeding caused by his heart condition，the medical emergency could not arrest the legal process；he remained under arrest while receiving treatment．
①________________　②___________________
③________________　④___________________
⑤________________
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．(应用文写作之倡议书)我认为，当下关注青少年的身心健康刻不容缓。(there is an urgent need to do sth．)
From my point of view，____________________________________ the physical and mental health of adolescents．
2．(读后续写之主旨升华)众所周知，没有付出就没有收获。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
________________________，no pain，no gain．
3．(应用文写作之观点表达)我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。(不定式作目的状语)
I am writing to you ____________________________________________________________________ how to get along well with parents．
4．(读后续写之行为描写)我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。(so that引导目的状语从句)
I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
5．快点！ 我们赶上首班车的时间所剩不多了。[there be＋名词＋left＋(for sb．＋)to do sth．]
Hurry up！____________________________________ the first bus．
你校将在6月8日世界海洋日以“保护海洋”为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①说到海洋，污染正变得越来越严重。(when it comes to)
________________________，the pollution is becoming increasingly serious．
②6月8日是世界海洋日，旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(aim at)
World Oceans Day，which falls on June 8th，______________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
③海洋在世界上起着关键作用。
Oceans ____________________________________________________________
in the world．
④海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且还维持了大自然的平衡。
____________________________________________________________________，
____________________________________________________________________ the balance of nature．
⑤为了保护海洋，我们应该重视我们的日常行为。(attach importance to)
To protect oceans，we should __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________．
⑥我们也可以分发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。
We can also hand out leaflets ____________________________________ oceans．
⑦现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
____________________________ we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans．
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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名词 flower花，rose玫瑰，darkness黑暗，wind蜿蜒，迂回，breeze微风，snowflake雪花，star星星，sun太阳 形容词/副词 angry生气的，smiling微笑的，cheering令人高兴的，whispering耳语的，frowningly皱眉地，gently轻轻地，silently默默地，wildly失控地，desperately拼命地，merrily愉快地
把动物当作人来描写 ①In the dead of night，the crickets (蟋蟀) played on the terrace of the house． 半夜时分，蟋蟀在房屋的露台上鸣叫。 ②Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song．树上的小鸟唱着美妙的歌曲。 ③The frogs are giving a concert—mixed chorus．青蛙在举办音乐会——混声大合唱。 ④Fireflies patrol the grass with small lanterns．萤火虫提着小灯笼在草丛中巡逻。 ⑤The birds danced happily on the branch．鸟儿在树枝上欢快地舞动。
把自然 现象当 作人来描写 ①The breeze gently kissed her cheeks．微风轻柔地亲吻她的脸颊。 ②The mist swallowed him up．薄雾把他包围起来。 ③Immediately，an absolute darkness ruled the forest．顷刻间，森林陷入了一片漆黑之中。 ④Stars winked at me in the darkening sky．夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。 ⑤The flowers nodded their heads happily in the sun．花朵在阳光下欢快地点头。 ⑥The river sang a cheerful song as it flowed through the valley．河流流经山谷时唱着欢快的歌。
把含蓄 抽象的 概念当 作人来描写 ①Fear seized/swallowed him．恐惧把他吞噬了。 ②Anger choked my words．我气得说不出话来。 ③A good idea suddenly struck me．我突然想到一个好主意。 ④Anxiety torn him into pieces．他焦虑不安，十分崩溃。 ⑤The excitement deprived me of all power of speech．我兴奋得啥也说不出来了。 ⑥Courage/Confidence deserted him．他失去信心了。
微情景1　深渊独行
As the submersible plunged into absolute darkness，①_____________________ (恐惧绝望地吞噬了)the diver．②____________ (低语着的) currents brushed against the steel hull like ghostly fingers，while angry pressure groaned in the depths． Suddenly，a school of anglerfish approached，their bioluminescent lures ③________________________________________ (疯狂地欢呼) like tiny lanterns． ④______________________ (信心终于向他微笑) as their glow pierced the gloom，⑤____________________________________ (温柔地引导他穿越深渊)．
微情景2　珊瑚秘语
Sunbeams ①________________________ (欢快地在……间起舞) the turquoise waves，②____________ (亲吻着) a coral reef where ③____________ (微笑的) clownfish darted like living roses． An old sea turtle ④________________________ (皱眉瞪着) distant engine roars，while whispering anemones murmured secrets to the gently passing tide． ⑤________________________ (勇气突然击中) the young explorer—she plunged deeper，where starfish ⑥____________ (眨眼) from sand pillows and a pearl oyster silently revealed its hidden treasure under the cheering bubbles．
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3
自查区　单元词句精练
Ⅰ．1．①to　②extension　③extensive　④extensively　⑤extend our heartfelt gratitude to the volunteers
2．①with；about/for　②negotiation　③negotiable
④negotiated with the non profit organization
3．①to withdraw　②withdrawal　③withdrew from several tournaments
4．①in　②On　③by　④focus on the work in hand　⑤With shared bikes in hand
5．①merciful；on/upon　②out　③to　④merciless　⑤showed a little mercy to them/had a little mercy on/upon them；a little merciful to them
Ⅱ．1．professor；profession；professional　2．laptop's　3．of　4．beheld　5．royally
Ⅲ．1．①n．纽带，联系　②v．增强信任关系；使牢固结合　③v．结合　2．①n．逮捕(令)　②v．拘留(逮捕动作)　③v．阻止(医疗干预)　④v．中止(抽象进程)　⑤n．拘留(持续状态)
Ⅳ．1．there is an urgent need to focus on　2．As we all know　3．to share with you my opinions on　4．so that they could better understand it　5．There is little time left for us to catch
练表达　主题引领写作
应用文写作
完成句子
①When it comes to oceans　②is aimed at raising people's awareness of oceans conservation　③play a key role　④Not only do oceans offer us sufficient food；but they also maintain　⑤attach importance to our daily actions　⑥to call on more people to protect　⑦It is high time that
组句成篇
When it comes to oceans，the pollution is becoming increasingly serious．World Oceans Day，which falls on June 8th，is aimed at raising people's awareness of oceans conservation．
Oceans play a key role in the world．Not only do oceans offer us sufficient food，but they also maintain the balance of nature．To protect oceans，we should attach importance to our daily actions．What's more，we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect oceans．
All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans．
读后续写
语料运用
微情景1　①fear desperately swallowed　②Whispering　③cheering wildly　④Confidence finally smiled upon him　⑤gently guiding him through the abyss
微情景2　①merrily danced through　②kissing　③smiling　④frowned at　⑤Courage suddenly struck　⑥winked
13/13(共114张PPT)
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
第一部分 教材知识讲练
单元主题串记
自学区——单元词句复盘
1．extend vt．扩展；使伸长；延长；扩大……的范围(或影响)；给予 vi．包括；涉及(范围) (extensive adj．广阔的；大量的；广泛的 extensively adv．广阔地；广泛地；大量地 extension n．扩大；延伸；扩展；延期；电话分级线extended adj．延长了的；扩展了的)
extend to 　　　　 扩展到
extend by 延长了
extend one's heartfelt gratitude to 向……表示衷心的感谢
extend sth．to sb． 给予某人某物
◎(应用文写作之演讲稿)I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers，who have done so much for us over the years．
我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。
2．negotiate vt．商定；达成(协议) vi．谈判；磋商；协商(negotiation n．谈判；磋商 negotiable adj．可讨论的； 可协商的)
◎negotiate with sb．about/for sth．＝negotiate sth．with sb．　
与某人商议/谈判某事
◎under negotiation 在商谈中
in negotiation with 和……协商中
◎We are happy to negotiate with you in that way．
我们很高兴用这种方式来和贵方协商。
3．withdraw vi．& vt．(withdrew，withdrawn) (使)撤回；撤离 (withdrawal n．收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款)
withdraw...from... 从……撤离/退出
withdraw one's eyes from 把视线从……移开
withdraw to sth． 退入；撤退到
withdraw into oneself 不与人交往
◎Finally，he hoped that the freshmen would strive to move on rather than withdraw when facing challenges．
最后，他希望新生们在面对挑战时能努力继续前进，而不是退出。
4．in hand 在手头；可供使用
◎at hand 在手边； 即将到来
give sb．a hand 帮助某人
by hand 用手
hand in hand 手挽手
on the one hand...on the other hand... 一方面……另一方面……
hands down 轻易地
◎hand in 上交
hand out 分发
hand over 移交
◎hands-on adj． 动手的；实践的
◎(读后续写之行为描写)He approached his superior hat in hand，apologised for the loss he had caused and begged for forgiveness．
他毕恭毕敬地走近他的上司，为自己造成的损失道歉，并请求原谅。
5．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj．宽大的；仁慈的merciless adj．残忍的)
◎show mercy to 对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon 对……怜悯/宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情地
at the mercy of... 任由……摆布；对……无能为力
beg for mercy 请求宽恕
out of mercy 出于仁慈/同情
◎be merciful to 对……仁慈
◎It sits out on a hill and is at the mercy of the winds that come howling through．
它坐落在一座山上，任凭呼啸而过的风摆布。
1．Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore．(there be ＋名词＋ left ＋ to do sth．仍有某事要做)
尽管郑和的古代海上路线已经重走很多次了，但仍有许多其他地方有待探索。
2．From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects．(there is an urgent need to do sth．迫切需要做某事)
从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
3．Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future．(with复合结构)
数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。
4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it．(不定式作目的状语)
为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。
5．so that引导目的状语从句
We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action．
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。
◎so that从句中常常使用情态动词can/could，may/might，will/would等。so that引导的目的状语从句不能置于句首，而in order that引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
◎当so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句可变为so as to或in order to短语。
◎(应用文写作之倡议书)We should sort the garbage properly so that they can be treated easily and differently．
我们应该对垃圾进行适当的分类，这样它们就可以很容易地被区别对待。
6．as引导时间状语从句
Hopefully，as technology improves，we may have more options for managing this balance．
随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。
◎as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。
◎as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，状语从句需要倒装。
◎as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。
◎as引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样，正如”。
◎as引导比较状语从句时基本结构是as...as。前一个as是副词；后一个as引导比较状语从句，表示“像……一样，正如”。
◎as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，像”，指代整个主句，在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常有逗号与主句隔开。
◎(应用文写作之科技)As smartphones and computers grow increasingly popular，more students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways．
随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，更多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。
◎As time goes by，Peking Opera has enjoyed great popularity among people from all walks of life，becoming one of the most popular dramas in China．
随着时间的流逝，京剧在社会各界广受欢迎，成为中国最受欢迎的剧种之一。
自查区——单元词句精炼
Ⅰ．重点词汇对点练
1．extend
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)By this time，the fire had extended __ the 15th floor．Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p．m．
②If you are in need of a deadline _________(extend)，simply explain the situation to your professor．
to
extension
③Everyone was impressed by his _________ (extend) knowledge of music．
④(2024·北京卷)I worked ___________ (extensive) with other students，constantly asked questions，and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could．
extensive
extensively
⑤(应用文写作之感谢信)我们向在社区清理活动中奉献时间和努力的志愿者们表示衷心的感谢，他们使我们的社区成为一个更干净、更美丽的居住地。
We __________________________________________ who dedicated their time and effort during the community clean-up event，making our neighborhood a cleaner and more beautiful place to live in．
extend our heartfelt gratitude to the volunteers
2．negotiate
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 2)For example，if you are a business person negotiating _____ a large enterprise __________ a deal，you should do it face to face，using formal language in a straightforward manner．
②It is reported that the ___________(negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule．
with
about/for
negotiation
③The budget for this project is flexible，meaning that all expenses are __________(negotiate)during our discussions．
④(读后续写之细节描写)他与这个非营利组织进行谈判，为他们旨在帮助无家可归者的慈善活动获得捐赠和支持。
He _______________________________________________ to secure donations and support for their charity event aimed at helping the homeless．
negotiable
negotiated with the non-profit organization
3．withdraw
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)Both men were happy ____________ (withdraw) from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives．
②The commander-in-chief was given 36 hours to secure a ____________ (withdraw) of his troops from the combat zone．
③这位网球运动员因生病退出了几项锦标赛。
The tennis player ______________________________________ due to illness．
to withdraw
withdrawal
withdrew from several tournaments
4．in hand
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 4)Four years had disappeared in a flash．I stood with my certificate __ hand and reflected on those four years．
②___ the other hand，new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years．
③(2024·九省联考)He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill，so he has his students write not only __ hand but also with old-fashioned fountain pens．
in
On
by
④(应用文写作之建议信)保持积极有助于你专注于手头的工作，并在学习中取得成功。
Staying motivated can help you _____________________ and achieve success in learning．
⑤(应用文写作之健康生活)由于有共享单车可使用，我们的生活变得越来越便利了。
____________________________，our life has become increasingly convenient．
focus on the work in hand
With shared bikes in hand
5．mercy
①The leader is such a _________(mercy) man and always has mercy ________ those poor people．
②(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards ___ of mercy．
③We are supposed to show mercy __ the disabled instead of looking down upon them．
④There was no shelter from the __________ (mercy) heat．
merciful
on/upon
out
to
merciless
⑤(读后续写之情境描写)他们在海里漂了一整天之后，大自然对他们展示了些许怜悯。
Nature ____________________________________________________ after they had floated on the sea for a whole day．(mercy)
→Nature was _______________________ after they had floated on the sea for a whole day．(merciful)
showed a little mercy to them/had a little mercy on/upon them
a little merciful to them
Ⅱ．高频词汇精准练
1．The brilliant _________ is a doctor by ____________，so he has much ____________ knowledge in medicine．(profession)
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典)．I don't trust my _________ (laptop)spellchecker．
professor
profession
professional
laptop's
3．With many good qualities，our monitor is in a league __ his own in every aspect．
4．Suddenly she looked back and ______ (behold) such glory as she had not even seen in her most vivid dream．
5．They were _______ (royal) received in every aspect．
of
beheld
royally
Ⅲ．多义词汇语段练(依次写出语段中黑体单词的词性及含义)
1．The shared experience of overcoming the mountain challenge created a strong emotional bond between the teammates．This shared struggle helped bond the group together，fostering deep trust．In chemistry class，meanwhile，they learned how atoms bond to form molecules．
①_____________　②___________________________　③_______
n．纽带，联系
v．增强信任关系；使牢固结合
v．结合
2．During the corruption investigation，police obtained an arrest warrant for the mayor．As he attempted to flee，federal agents moved swiftly to arrest him at the airport．Although doctors managed to arrest the internal bleeding caused by his heart condition，the medical emergency could not arrest the legal process； he remained under arrest while receiving treatment．
①_____________　②___________________　③___________________　④___________________　⑤___________________
n．逮捕(令)
v．拘留(逮捕动作)
v．阻止(医疗干预)
v．中止(抽象进程)
n．拘留(持续状态)
Ⅳ．写作句式迁移练
1．(应用文写作之倡议书)我认为，当下关注青少年的身心健康刻不容缓。(there is an urgent need to do sth．)
From my point of view，____________________________ the physical and mental health of adolescents．
2．(读后续写之主旨升华)众所周知，没有付出就没有收获。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
________________，no pain，no gain．
there is an urgent need to focus on
As we all know
3．(应用文写作之观点表达)我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。(不定式作目的状语)
I am writing to you ____________________________ how to get along well with parents．
4．(读后续写之行为描写)我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。(so that引导目的状语从句)
I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail _________________________________．
to share with you my opinions on
so that they could better understand it
5．快点！ 我们赶上首班车的时间所剩不多了。[there be＋名词＋left＋(for sb．＋)to do sth．]
Hurry up！___________________________________ the first bus．
There is little time left for us to catch
Ⅴ．阅读词汇语境练(写出句中黑体词的词性及含义)(教师独具)
1．There has been a big reduction in the size of the British merchant fleet in recent years．
①_______________　②_______
2．The sunrise at the seaside was quite a sight to behold． ___________
3．The business they used to run covered books，furniture and spices．
_______________
4．Marine insurance is governed by a strict series of rules and regulations． _________________________
5．About 6，500 gallons of fuel were burned in the fire． _______
n．商人；批发商
n．舰队
v．看见；看
n．(调味)香料
adj．海的；海运的；海事的
n．加仑
练表达——主题引领写作
你校将在6月8日世界海洋日以“保护海洋”为主题，举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1．海洋的重要性；
2．保护海洋的倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
①说到海洋，污染正变得越来越严重。(when it comes to)
_____________________，the pollution is becoming increasingly serious．
②6月8日是世界海洋日，旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(aim at)
World Oceans Day，which falls on June 8th，_____________________
____________________________________．
When it comes to oceans
is aimed at raising
people's awareness of oceans conservation
③海洋在世界上起着关键作用。
Oceans ____________ in the world．
④海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且还维持了大自然的平衡。
_____________________________________，____________________ the balance of nature．
⑤为了保护海洋，我们应该重视我们的日常行为。(attach importance to)
To protect oceans，we should ________________________________．
play a key role
Not only do oceans offer us sufficient food
but they also maintain
attach importance to our daily actions
⑥我们也可以分发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。
We can also hand out leaflets ___________________________ oceans．
⑦现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。
__________________ we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans．
to call on more people to protect
It is high time that
把以上句子用适当的过渡词和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
When it comes to oceans，the pollution is becoming increasingly serious．World Oceans Day，which falls on June 8th，is aimed at raising people's awareness of oceans conservation．
Oceans play a key role in the world．Not only do oceans offer us sufficient food，but they also maintain the balance of nature．To protect oceans，we should attach importance to our daily actions．What's more，we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect oceans．
All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans．
名词 flower花，rose玫瑰，darkness黑暗，wind蜿蜒，迂回，breeze微风，snowflake雪花，star星星，sun太阳 形容词/副词 angry生气的，smiling微笑的，cheering令人高兴的，whispering耳语的，frowningly皱眉地，gently轻轻地，silently默默地，wildly失控地，desperately拼命地，merrily愉快地
把动物 当作人来描写 ①In the dead of night，the crickets (蟋蟀) played on the terrace of the house．
半夜时分，蟋蟀在房屋的露台上鸣叫。
②Birds on the tree are singing a beautiful song．树上的小鸟唱着美妙的歌曲。
③The frogs are giving a concert—mixed chorus．青蛙在举办音乐会——混声大合唱。
④Fireflies patrol the grass with small lanterns．萤火虫提着小灯笼在草丛中巡逻。
⑤The birds danced happily on the branch．鸟儿在树枝上欢快地舞动。
把自然 现象当 作人来 描写 ①The breeze gently kissed her cheeks．微风轻柔地亲吻她的脸颊。
②The mist swallowed him up．薄雾把他包围起来。
③Immediately，an absolute darkness ruled the forest．顷刻间，森林陷入了一片漆黑之中。
④Stars winked at me in the darkening sky．夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
⑤The flowers nodded their heads happily in the sun．花朵在阳光下欢快地点头。
⑥The river sang a cheerful song as it flowed through the valley．河流流经山谷时唱着欢快的歌。
把含蓄 抽象的 概念当 作人来描写 ①Fear seized/swallowed him．恐惧把他吞噬了。
②Anger choked my words．我气得说不出话来。
③A good idea suddenly struck me．我突然想到一个好主意。
④Anxiety torn him into pieces．他焦虑不安，十分崩溃。
⑤The excitement deprived me of all power of speech．我兴奋得啥也说不出来了。
⑥Courage/Confidence deserted him．他失去信心了。
微情景1　深渊独行
As the submersible plunged into absolute darkness，①__________
___________________ (恐惧绝望地吞噬了)the diver．②___________ (低语着的) currents brushed against the steel hull like ghostly fingers，while angry pressure groaned in the depths．Suddenly，a school of anglerfish approached，their bioluminescent lures ③_______________ (疯狂地欢呼) like tiny lanterns．④_____________________________
fear
desperately swallowed
Whispering
cheering wildly
Confidence finally smiled upon him
(信心终于向他微笑) as their glow pierced the gloom，⑤____________
____________________ (温柔地引导他穿越深渊)．
gently guiding
him through the abyss
微情景2　珊瑚秘语
Sunbeams ①_____________________ (欢快地在……间起舞) the turquoise waves，②_______ (亲吻着) a coral reef where ③________ (微笑的) clownfish darted like living roses．An old sea turtle ④_______________ (皱眉瞪着) distant engine roars，while whispering anemones murmured secrets to the gently passing tide．⑤______________________ (勇气突然击中) the young explorer—she plunged deeper，where starfish ⑥_______ (眨眼) from sand pillows and a pearl oyster silently revealed its hidden treasure under the cheering bubbles．
merrily danced through
kissing
smiling
frowned at
Courage suddenly struck
winked
题型组合练(三十四)
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·北京房山区模拟)
If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends．Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure．The consequence，if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name．If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death．
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales，for example．And so，long ago，did ichthyosaurs．That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones．If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone，they can cut off its blood supply．This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse．Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends．
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past．What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years．To this end，he and his colleagues travelled to the world's natural-history museums，looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods．
When he started，he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils，reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression．Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite．More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury．
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means，they clearly did so quickly—and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards．But that is not what Dr．Rothschild thinks happened．He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change．
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark．One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches．Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free．In the Triassic，then，ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain．In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey (猎物) as well as predators—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result．
1．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends
A．A twisted body．
B．A drop in blood pressure．
C．A gradual decrease in blood supply．
D．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood．
√
A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The consequence，if the bubbles accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name．If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death．”可知，遭遇bend的症状是sharp pain and a bent body，即扭曲的身体。故选A。]
2．What is the purpose of Rothschild's study
A．To see why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies．
B．To see when ichthyosaurs broke their bones．
C．To see how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends．
D．To see how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression．
√
D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years．”可知，Rothschild教授的研究目的是弄明白鱼龙是如何适应减压问题的。故选D。]
3．What can we know about Rothschild's findings stated in paragraph 4
A．They confirmed his assumption．
B．They disagreed with his assumption．
C．They changed his research objectives．
D．They speeded up his research process．
√
B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite．”可知，研究结果与他原本的假设相反。故选B。]
4．What might Rothschild have concluded about ichthyosaurs
A．They failed to evolve an anti-decompression means．
B．They died out because of large sharks and crocodiles．
C．They gradually developed measures against the bends．
D．They evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it．
√
A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means，they clearly did so quickly—and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards．”可推知，Rothschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官。故选A。]
B
(2026·河南郑州模拟)
A new form of real estate (不动产) appeared along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast—tiny white beach huts．With the good conditions and a sea view，they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins．Their unique selling point：a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖)．
African penguins，unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice，live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean．But when they come to land，their thick black coats absorb the heat，and they desperately look for cover—both for themselves and their fragile eggs．
Historically，the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa's penguin colonies，but in the 19th century，traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料)，leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun．This，combined with other threats such as egg poaching，overfishing and climate change，has caused African penguin populations to plummet．In 2019，they were thought to be less than 20，000 breeding pairs，down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in 1900．For more than a decade，the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN．
By February 2023，the African Penguin Nest Project had built more than 1，500 nests across five of South Africa's penguin colonies，and planned to expand into Namibia in 2024，the only other country with breeding populations of the species．
“This is still just a drop in the bucket，” said Graham，who anticipated they would need to set up at least 4，500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas．“The goal is that every penguin that needs a nest will get one．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋。这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖场所。
5．Why have so many beach huts been built based on the text
A．To beautify the beach．
B．To conduct research．
C．To shelter the penguins．
D．To balance the ecology．
√
C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“With the good conditions and a sea view，they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins．Their unique selling point：a safe and cool place for penguins to breed．”可知，建这么多的海滩小屋是为了给企鹅繁殖提供安全凉爽的地方。故选C。]
6．How many factors cause the penguin population to decrease according to the text
A．Three． B．Four．
C．Five． D．Six．
√
B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Historically，the penguins dug holes in layers of guano that lined Africa's penguin colonies...This，combined with other threats such as egg poaching，overfishing and climate change，has caused African penguin populations to plummet．”可知，影响企鹅数量的因素有四个：商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化。故选B。]
7．What does the underlined word “plummet” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Decline． B．Increase．
C．Extinct． D．Interrupt．
√
A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段落中“Historically，the penguins dug holes in layers of guano that lined Africa's penguin colonies...has caused African penguin populations to plummet．”及语境可知，由于商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化的影响，企鹅的数量在急剧下降。A选项与画线词为同义词。故选A。]
8．Which column may the text appear in a newspaper
A．Culture． B．History．
C．Technology． D．Environment．
√
D　[文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new form of real estate appeared along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast—tiny white beach huts...Their unique selling point：a safe and cool place for penguins to breed．”介绍了一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋，这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖场所。由此推断，该篇短文可能出现在报纸的环境专栏中。故选D。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽滁州模拟)
A five-month-old bar-tailed godwit recently broke the record for long-distance migration after flying 13，560 kilometers non-stop over a period of 11 days．
Every autumn，millions of migratory birds take to the 1 for a long and exhausting journey to 2 the coming cold，feed and breed for the next few months．Many of them 3 impressive distances of over 10，000 kilometers，but this year，one small bird was 4 all expectations regarding long-distance flying，traveling a big 13，560 kilometers without stopping．And it was all because of an unusual roundabout way that could have 5 the bird its life，considering that the non-stop journey pushed its 6 capacity to the limit．
Last month，the young bar-tailed godwit 7 from Alaska to New Zealand，but somehow，at one point during its 8 journey，the small bird took a little roundabout way that added an extra 500 kilometers to its original route．That seems like a small distance to cover，considering that the normal 9 would have seen it fly around 13，000 kilometers，but it's actually a significant difference that could have had deadly 10 ．
Scientists were able to 11 the godwit's record flight with the help of a tiny tracker that only weighed 5 grams．Technological advancements have allowed researchers to track such small species of birds without 12 them，as adding any kind of significant weight to a creature that weighs only between 300 and 400 grams could put its life in danger．
Dr．Woehler estimates that the bird lost “half or more of its body
13 ” during the 11-day continuous flight，but 14 it to dry land safely．
Interestingly，scientists haven't yet understood 15 birds like the bar-tailed godwit are able to navigate such large distances without stopping and without getting lost．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一只5个月大的斑尾塍鹬最近打破了长距离迁徙的纪录，它在11天内不间断飞行了13 560公里。
1．A．ground B．forest
C．sky D．mountain
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“for a long and exhausting journey”可知，此处指候鸟飞上天开始迁徙。故选C。]
2．A．challenge B．bear
C．escape D．enjoy
√
C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“the coming cold”及常识可知，候鸟迁徙是为了避开寒冷。故选C。]
3．A．add B．cover
C．measure D．calculate
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“That seems like a small distance to cover”可知，此处指鸟飞过10 000多公里的路，指飞过多远的路应用动词cover。故选B。]
4．A．within B．under
C．for D．beyond
√
D　[考查介词词义辨析。此处指超出了所有人的预期，表“超出”应用介词beyond。故选D。]
5．A．costed B．saved
C．offered D．changed
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。此处指这只鸟付出生命的代价，表“付出”应用动词cost。故选A。]
6．A．recognition B．flight
C．defense D．management
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。此处指鸟的飞行能力。故选B。]
7．A．put off B．turned off
C．showed off D．took off
√
D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据后文“from Alaska to New Zealand”可知，这只年轻的斑尾塍鹬从阿拉斯加飞往新西兰。故选D。]
8．A．tiring B．exciting
C．smooth D．short
√
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。对应上文“a long and exhausting journey”，tiring journey指疲惫的旅程。故选A。]
9．A．gesture B．route
C．sight D．dream
√
B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“would have seen it fly around 13，000 kilometers”可知，它的正常飞行路线大约是13 000公里。故选B。]
10．A．thoughts B．strengths
C．consequences D．diseases
√
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文小鸟付出了生命的代价可知，此处指这是一个可能造成致命后果的显著差异。故选C。]
11．A．track B．create
C．break D．bring
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。后文“with the help of a tiny tracker”指通过追踪器追踪鸟的飞行记录。故选A。]
12．A．decorating B．endangering
C．protecting D．preserving
√
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“as adding any kind of significant weight to a creature that weighs only between 300 and 400 grams could put its life in danger”可知，对于这种体重只有300到400克的生物来说，增加任何一种明显的重量都可能使其生命处于危险之中。故选B。]
13．A．water B．muscle
C．weight D．size
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“during the 11-day continuous flight”及常识可知，迁徙中，鸟持续飞行会消耗大量的能量，导致体重减少。故选C。]
√
14．A．made B．managed
C．took D．appreciated
√
A　[考查动词词义辨析。此处指成功着陆，表“成功”应用make it。故选A。]
15．A．when B．where
C．whether D．how
√
D　[考查连词词义辨析。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“如何”应用how。故选D。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·浙江杭州模拟)
1．_____________ Christmas morning，nine-year-old Molly Sampson and her 17-year-old sister Natalie wore chest-high waterproof overalls to go shark tooth hunting like professionals．The sisters set off for Maryland's Calvert Beach with their father to put their new 2． ____________ (equip) to use．
On
equipment
Though it was very cold，Molly was undeterred．With the tide particularly low，she 3． _____________ (walk) deep into the ocean．
In less than half an hour，the fourth-grader noticed something big just beneath the surface of the water．To her delight，it was exactly 4． ______ she was hoping to find：a megalodon's (巨齿鲨的) tooth．
walked
what
The Sampsons took Molly's 5． _____________ (excite) find to the Calvert Marine Museum in Solomons，Maryland．There，Dr．Stephen Godfrey，the Curator of Paleontology，confirmed that the massive five-inch tooth was indeed that of a megalodon．
exciting
The waters off Calvert Cliffs were once home 6． _____________ whales and dolphins that would have attracted hungry megalodons and other shark species．Sharks 7． _____________ (frequent) lose their teeth and replace them with new ones．As 8． _____________ result，the area is a treasure trove for amateur fossil hunters looking for shark teeth．While over a hundred shark teeth 9． _____________ (find) annually，few are 10． __________ (large) than the one Molly found．
to
frequently
a
are found
larger
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。在圣诞节的早上，莫莉和姐姐娜塔莉以及她们的父亲一起前往马里兰州的卡尔弗特海滩去寻找鲨鱼牙齿。在那儿，莫莉找到了一颗巨齿鲨的牙齿。
1．On　[考查介词。根据句意和空后的“Christmas morning”可知，具体到某一天的早上，应该用介词on。句首单词首字母应大写。故填On。]
2．equipment　[考查名词。根据句意和所给动词equip以及句中的动词put可知，设空处应填equip的名词形式equipment，作动词put的宾语。故填equipment。]
3．walked　[考查时态。根据上下文的时态是一般过去时可知，该句子也应该用一般过去时。故填walked。]
4．what　[考查连接代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，“ __________ she was hoping to find”是一个表语从句，该表语从句缺少宾语，所以设空处应填一个连接代词引导表语从句，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what。故填what。]
5．exciting　[考查形容词。根据句意和所给动词excite以及空后的名词find可知，设空处应填excite的形容词形式exciting，作定语，修饰后面的名词find。故填exciting。]
6．to　[考查介词。根据句意和空前的名词home可知，此处应填介词to和名词home搭配：be home to“是……的故乡/栖息地/发源地”。故填to。]
7．frequently　[考查副词。根据句意和所给形容词frequent可知，设空处应填frequent的副词形式frequently，作状语，修饰动词lose。故填frequently。]
8．a　[考查冠词。根据空前的As和空后的result可知，此处是考查固定短语as a result“因此，结果”。故填a。]
9．are found　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意和所给动词find可知，设空处是该从句的谓语部分，根据annually可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；主语teeth和动词find之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语shark teeth是复数形式，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填are found。]
10．larger　[考查形容词比较级。根据句意和所给形容词large以及空后的than可知，设空处应填large的比较级形式larger。故填larger。]
谢 谢 ！题型组合练(三十四)　选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION
(建议用时：45分钟　总分：50分)
(提示：批阅时只需批阅本页即可)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·北京房山区模拟)
If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends． Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure． The consequence，if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name． If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death．
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales，for example． And so，long ago，did ichthyosaurs． That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones． If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone，they can cut off its blood supply． This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse． Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends．
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past． What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years． To this end，he and his colleagues travelled to the world's natural-history museums，looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods．
When he started，he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils，reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression． Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite． More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury．
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means，they clearly did so quickly—and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards． But that is not what Dr． Rothschild thinks happened． He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change．
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark． One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches． Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free． In the Triassic，then，ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain． In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey (猎物) as well as predators—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result．
1．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends
A．A twisted body．
B．A drop in blood pressure．
C．A gradual decrease in blood supply．
D．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood．
2．What is the purpose of Rothschild's study
A．To see why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies．
B．To see when ichthyosaurs broke their bones．
C．To see how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends．
D．To see how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression．
3．What can we know about Rothschild's findings stated in paragraph 4
A．They confirmed his assumption．
B．They disagreed with his assumption．
C．They changed his research objectives．
D．They speeded up his research process．
4．What might Rothschild have concluded about ichthyosaurs
A．They failed to evolve an anti-decompression means．
B．They died out because of large sharks and crocodiles．
C．They gradually developed measures against the bends．
D．They evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it．
B
(2026·河南郑州模拟)
A new form of real estate (不动产) appeared along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast—tiny white beach huts． With the good conditions and a sea view，they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins． Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed (繁殖)．
African penguins，unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice，live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean． But when they come to land，their thick black coats absorb the heat，and they desperately look for cover—both for themselves and their fragile eggs．
Historically，the penguins dug holes in layers of guano (鸟粪) that lined Africa's penguin colonies，but in the 19th century，traders started selling guano as fertilizer (肥料)，leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to natural enemies and the baking sun． This，combined with other threats such as egg poaching，overfishing and climate change，has caused African penguin populations to plummet． In 2019，they were thought to be less than 20，000 breeding pairs，down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in 1900．For more than a decade，the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN．
By February 2023，the African Penguin Nest Project had built more than 1，500 nests across five of South Africa's penguin colonies，and planned to expand into Namibia in 2024，the only other country with breeding populations of the species．
“This is still just a drop in the bucket，” said Graham，who anticipated they would need to set up at least 4，500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas．“The goal is that every penguin that needs a nest will get one．”
5．Why have so many beach huts been built based on the text
A．To beautify the beach．
B．To conduct research．
C．To shelter the penguins．
D．To balance the ecology．
6．How many factors cause the penguin population to decrease according to the text
A．Three．　　　 B．Four．
C．Five． D．Six．
7．What does the underlined word “plummet” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Decline． B．Increase．
C．Extinct． D．Interrupt．
8．Which column may the text appear in a newspaper
A．Culture． B．History．
C．Technology． D．Environment．
Ⅱ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·安徽滁州模拟)
A five-month-old bar-tailed godwit recently broke the record for long-distance migration after flying 13，560 kilometers non-stop over a period of 11 days．
Every autumn，millions of migratory birds take to the 1 for a long and exhausting journey to 2 the coming cold，feed and breed for the next few months． Many of them 3 impressive distances of over 10，000 kilometers，but this year，one small bird was 4 all expectations regarding long-distance flying，traveling a big 13，560 kilometers without stopping． And it was all because of an unusual roundabout way that could have 5 the bird its life，considering that the non-stop journey pushed its 6 capacity to the limit．
Last month，the young bar-tailed godwit 7 from Alaska to New Zealand，but somehow，at one point during its 8 journey，the small bird took a little roundabout way that added an extra 500 kilometers to its original route． That seems like a small distance to cover，considering that the normal 9 would have seen it fly around 13，000 kilometers，but it's actually a significant difference that could have had deadly 10 ．
Scientists were able to 11 the godwit's record flight with the help of a tiny tracker that only weighed 5 grams． Technological advancements have allowed researchers to track such small species of birds without 12 them，as adding any kind of significant weight to a creature that weighs only between 300 and 400 grams could put its life in danger．
Dr． Woehler estimates that the bird lost “half or more of its body 13 ” during the 11-day continuous flight，but 14 it to dry land safely．
Interestingly，scientists haven't yet understood 15 birds like the bar-tailed godwit are able to navigate such large distances without stopping and without getting lost．
1．A．ground B．forest
C．sky D．mountain
2．A．challenge B．bear
C．escape D．enjoy
3．A．add B．cover
C．measure D．calculate
4．A．within B．under
C．for D．beyond
5．A．costed B．saved
C．offered D．changed
6．A．recognition B．flight
C．defense D．management
7．A．put off B．turned off
C．showed off D．took off
8．A．tiring B．exciting
C．smooth D．short
9．A．gesture B．route
C．sight D．dream
10．A．thoughts B．strengths
C．consequences D．diseases
11．A．track B．create
C．break D．bring
12．A．decorating B．endangering
C．protecting D．preserving
13．A．water B．muscle
C．weight D．size
14．A．made B．managed
C．took D．appreciated
15．A．when B．where
C．whether D．how
Ⅲ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·浙江杭州模拟)
1．___________ Christmas morning，nine-year-old Molly Sampson and her 17-year-old sister Natalie wore chest-high waterproof overalls to go shark tooth hunting like professionals． The sisters set off for Maryland's Calvert Beach with their father to put their new 2．___________ (equip) to use．
Though it was very cold，Molly was undeterred． With the tide particularly low，she 3．___________ (walk) deep into the ocean． In less than half an hour，the fourth-grader noticed something big just beneath the surface of the water． To her delight，it was exactly 4．___________ she was hoping to find: a megalodon's (巨齿鲨的) tooth．
The Sampsons took Molly's 5．___________ (excite) find to the Calvert Marine Museum in Solomons，Maryland． There，Dr． Stephen Godfrey，the Curator of Paleontology，confirmed that the massive five-inch tooth was indeed that of a megalodon．
The waters off Calvert Cliffs were once home 6．___________ whales and dolphins that would have attracted hungry megalodons and other shark species． Sharks 7．___________ (frequent) lose their teeth and replace them with new ones． As 8．___________ result，the area is a treasure trove for amateur fossil hunters looking for shark teeth． While over a hundred shark teeth 9．___________ (find) annually，few are 10．___________ (large) than the one Molly found．
题型组合练(三十四)
Ⅰ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对鱼龙等海洋生物变弯曲的原因的研究。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name． If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death．”可知，遭遇bend的症状是sharp pain and a bent body，即扭曲的身体。故选A。]
2．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years．”可知，Rothschild教授的研究目的是弄明白鱼龙是如何适应减压问题的。故选D。]
3．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite．”可知，研究结果与他原本的假设相反。故选B。]
4．A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards．”可推知，Rothschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官。故选A。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋。这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖场所。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“With the good conditions and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins． Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed．”可知，建这么多的海滩小屋是为了给企鹅繁殖提供安全凉爽的地方。故选C。]
6．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano that lined Africa's penguin colonies．．．This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change，has caused African penguin populations to plummet．”可知，影响企鹅数量的因素有四个：商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化。故选B。]
7．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段落中“Historically, the penguins dug holes in layers of guano that lined Africa's penguin colonies．．．has caused African penguin populations to plummet．”及语境可知，由于商人们开始出售鸟粪作为肥料、偷猎蛋、过度捕捞和气候变化的影响，企鹅的数量在急剧下降。A选项与画线词为同义词。故选A。]
8．D　[文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new form of real estate appeared along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast—tiny white beach huts．．．Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed．”介绍了一种新的房地产形式出现在南非的海滩和沿海干燥的岛屿上——白色的沙滩小屋，这些小屋为非洲企鹅提供了一个安全且凉爽的繁殖场所。由此推断，该篇短文可能出现在报纸的环境专栏中。故选D。]
Ⅱ．【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一只5个月大的斑尾塍鹬最近打破了长距离迁徙的纪录，它在11天内不间断飞行了13 560公里。
1．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“for a long and exhausting journey”可知，此处指候鸟飞上天开始迁徙。故选C。]
2．C　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“the coming cold”及常识可知，候鸟迁徙是为了避开寒冷。故选C。]
3．B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“That seems like a small distance to cover”可知，此处指鸟飞过10 000多公里的路，指飞过多远的路应用动词cover。故选B。]
4．D　[考查介词词义辨析。此处指超出了所有人的预期，表“超出”应用介词beyond。故选D。]
5．A　[考查动词词义辨析。此处指这只鸟付出生命的代价，表“付出”应用动词cost。故选A。]
6．B　[考查名词词义辨析。此处指鸟的飞行能力。故选B。]
7．D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据后文“from Alaska to New Zealand”可知，这只年轻的斑尾塍鹬从阿拉斯加飞往新西兰。故选D。]
8．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。对应上文“a long and exhausting journey”，tiring journey指疲惫的旅程。故选A。]
9．B　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“would have seen it fly around 13，000 kilometers”可知，它的正常飞行路线大约是13 000公里。故选B。]
10．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据前文小鸟付出了生命的代价可知，此处指这是一个可能造成致命后果的显著差异。故选C。]
11．A　[考查动词词义辨析。后文“with the help of a tiny tracker”指通过追踪器追踪鸟的飞行记录。故选A。]
12．B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“as adding any kind of significant weight to a creature that weighs only between 300 and 400 grams could put its life in danger”可知，对于这种体重只有300到400克的生物来说，增加任何一种明显的重量都可能使其生命处于危险之中。故选B。]
13．C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据后文“during the 11day continuous flight”及常识可知，迁徙中，鸟持续飞行会消耗大量的能量，导致体重减少。故选C。]
14．A　[考查动词词义辨析。此处指成功着陆，表“成功”应用make it。故选A。]
15．D　[考查连词词义辨析。引导宾语从句，从句中表示“如何”应用how。故选D。]
Ⅲ．1．On　2．equipment　3．walked　4．what　5．exciting　6．to　7．frequently　8．a　9．are found　10．larger
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