资源简介

UNIT 6　THE ADMIRABLE
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·四川新高考三模)
　　The winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2025 is Liu Jiakun.The prize,established in 1979,is commonly regarded as “the Nobel Prize of architecture”.
Liu Jiakun was born in 1956.His architectural adventure began when he started playing in the corridors of the large brick hospital where his mother worked as a doctor.“From the rooftop,I could see the whole city,” Liu recalled in an interview,describing how these early experiences shaped his perspective on urban space and community life.After graduating in 1982,Liu’s career took a special path.While working for a state-owned architecture firm,he also developed a strong passion for writing.“I had two identities then,” he explained “By day I was an architect,by night a writer.” This creative life would later profoundly influence his architectural philosophy.
Liu’s designs skillfully combine traditional Chinese elements with modern functionality.His West Village commercial complex in Chengdu (2015) is a typical example of this approach, transforming the entire city block into a lively public space with buildings,bike paths and pedestrian walkways that reexplain traditional Chinese urban planning for modern needs.
The Pritzker judges particularly praised Liu’s “respect for culture,history and nature”. Remarkable projects include a well-known building in Shanghai,which features dramatic balconies inspired by ancient Chinese architecture,and the Luyeyuan Stone Sculpture Art Museum,evoking (唤醒) the peace of classical Chinese gardens.
Perhaps Liu’s most painful creation is his “rebirth brick” project following the deadly 2008 Sichuan earthquake.Using straw and stones from the fallen buildings,Liu developed these special bricks to help rebuild communities.“Each brick carries history,” he said,highlighting how architecture can represent both memory and restoration.
In his Pritzker statement,Liu described his design philosophy in a poetic way,“I dream to be like water—adapting to each place’s unique qualities while gradually solidifying into architecture that honours both tradition and innovation.”
(　　)1.What is Liu Jiakun’s most likely view of his childhood
A.A source of inspiration.
B.A burden of his growth.
C.A stage of academic achievement.
D.A period of artistic exploration.
(　　)2.Which words can best describe Liu Jiakun’s architectural style
A.Modern but ordinary. B.Expensive but functional.
C.Simple and impractical. D.Traditional and innovative.
(　　)3.Why is the “rebirth brick” project mentioned in Paragraph 5
A.To highlight Liu’s mixed feelings.
B.To introduce a new type of brick.
C.To illustrate Liu’s design concept.
D.To evaluate local construction materials.
(　　)4.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.The Pritzker Prize Honours a New Wave of Architecture
B.Chinese Architect Liu Jiakun Wins the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize
C.Creativity in Architecture Leads to Global Recognition in Design
D.Traditional Chinese Elements Are Transforming Modern Architecture
B
(2025·云南玉溪高三模拟)
Huang Xuhua,born in 1926 in Guangdong Province,is known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”. His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China’s nuclear submarine programme,which played a key role in the country’s defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure.
In 1958,Mr Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China’s first nuclear submarine project.At that time,China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines,and due to international situation,the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation.Despite these significant challenges,Mr Huang accepted the mission with determination,driven by the need to safeguard China’s maritime sovereignty (主权) and strengthen its strategic defense.The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering,Mr Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor,demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills.
After over a decade of hard work,Huang’s team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China’s first nuclear-powered submarine,the Type 091 (Han-class).This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines.Soon after,they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class),China’s first ballistic missile submarine,which boosted the country’s nuclear defense.
Huang’s contributions went beyond technology.His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation.Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work,Huang stayed committed to the project,often sacrificing personal comforts for its success.In recognition of his achievements,Huang has received many awards,including the National Highest Science and Technology Award,China’s highest honour for scientific achievements.
(　　)5.What was the biggest challenge in developing China’s first nuclear submarine
A.Funding missile systems.
B.Lacking the necessary technology and resources.
C.Coordinating international cooperation.
D.Designing a compact nuclear reactor to power a submarine.
(　　)6.What is the primary purpose of Paragraph 3
A.To compare the functions of Type 091 and Type 092 submarines.
B.To emphasise the global popularity of Chinese submarine technology.
C.To showcase the technological achievements and their strategic impact.
D.To list the names and launch dates of China’s early nuclear submarines.
(　　)7.Which of the following can best describe Huang Xuhua
A.Innovative and patriotic. B.Talented and generous.
C.Modest and kind-hearted. D.Hard-working and adventurous.
(　　)8.Where would you most likely read this passage
A.A fictional novel. B.A travel guide.
C.A biography. D.A newspaper.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·四川泸县高三模拟)
With science and technology advancing in agricultural development,Chinese researchers
1.　　　　(report) to have developed a lightweight carrot combine harvester intended 2.　　　　(improve) efficiency and reduce labour costs in carrot farming.
The new machine,3.　　　　(develop) by the Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization (NIAM) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,4.　　　　 the aid of the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,addresses key technical challenges in carrot combine harvesting.
Harvesting is one of the most labour-intensive as well as costly 5.　　　　(stage) of carrot production,totaling over one-third of the whole labour and more than 50 percent of production costs.6.　　　　 newly-developed harvester is designed mainly to solve the problems of high digging resistance,breaking off the carrot tops when clamping,and inconsistent cutting of the carrot tops,according to NIAM.Apart from this,the harvester can 7.　　　　(unbelievable) harvest up to two mu of carrots per hour,the equivalent (等量) of 8.　　　　 more than 30 workers can achieve in a day.
NIAM researchers say not only can the machine noticeably boost efficiency,but it can undoubtedly minimise harvest losses and cut labour costs.With its 9.　　　　(innovation) design and remarkable efficiency,the new lightweight carrot combine harvester will revolutionise carrot farming practices,10.　　　　(offer) a promising solution to the difficult problem of harvesting carrots.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·广东高州三模)
Living for 97 years is an impressive achievement in and of itself.Most people hitting this milestone are probably thankful for what health they have and the memories they’ve made.In the case of TV host and conservationist David Attenborough,he can reflect on a life of activism in service for our planet.The British icon turned an impressive 97 on May 8,2023.Born in 1926, Attenborough has spent most of his life on camera covering animals and natural history.Today, despite his age,he is still an active campaigner for our planet.
Attenborough travelled around the world with his Zoo Quest programme,highlighting different creatures.Afterwards,he created his iconic series Life on Earth in 1979.Since then,he has created and starred in countless programmes which have brought nature closer to viewers around the world.
His documentary with WWF,David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet,often returns to a theme which has predominated in Attenborough’s later work.He reflects on just how much the environment has changed in his decades of observation and how swiftly time is running out before further serious damage can be prevented.This programme was widely streamed and considered a “wake-up call” for the world.While Attenborough is far from the first or only voice to raise this call,his reach as a respected and powerful figure within the media provides a useful platform.
Although he has received countless awards,Attenborough has used recent accolades (荣誉) as a chance to focus once more on the planet.Shortly after winning the Champions of the Earth Lifetime Achievement Award in 2022,he sent an urgent message about the state of the planet to all viewers in Frozen Planet Ⅱ.Even after his 97th birthday,he continues to write and speak on preserving the UK and the world for future generations.
(　　)1.What is David Attenborough known for
A.The possession of treasures. B.The memories about activities.
C.The rewards as a British icon. D.The contribution to earth protection.
(　　)2.How did Attenborough try to get nature and his audience closer
A.By majoring in natural science in university.
B.By travelling throughout the world.
C.By sitting closer to viewers when hosting programmes.
D.By starting and starring in many relevant programmes.
(　　)3.What can we know about David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet
A.It features environment shifts and conservation.
B.It is about how swiftly one’s life runs out.
C.It is received by few viewers and thought little of.
D.It provides a powerful and useful platform for the media.
(　　)4.Which words can best describe David Attenborough
A.Dependent and curious. B.Devoted and responsible.
C.Humorous and passionate. D.Ambitious and reserved.
B
(2025·安徽亳州高三模拟)
As the planet gets hotter,the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent.But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.
Now,researchers from McGill University,UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive,sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants(制冷剂)in hot and dry climates,and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts.
The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark(基准) in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt, they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe,even under direct sunlight,and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation(通风).These cool radiator materials and coatings are often used to stop roofs overheating.Researchers have also used them to improve heat rejection from chillers.But there is untapped potential for integrating them into architectural design more fully,so they can not only reject indoor heat to outer space in a passive way,but also drive regular and healthy air changes.
“We found we could maintain air temperatures several degrees below the current surrounding temperature,and several degrees more below a reference ‘gold standard’ for passive cooling,” said Remy Fortin,lead author and PhD candidate at McGill University.“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.” This was a considerable challenge,considering air exchanges are a source of heating when the aim is to keep a room cooler than the outside.
The researchers hope the findings will be used to positively impact communities suffering from dangerous climate heating and heatwaves.“We hope that materials scientists,architects,and engineers will be interested in these results,and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions,” said Remy Fortin.
(　　)5.What might cause researchers to look for an alternative to air conditioning
A.The severe shortage of energy.
B.The greenhouse effect of air conditioning.
C.The increasing dangerous heatwaves.
D.The need for cool living environments.
(　　)6.Why did researchers examine the use of roof materials
A.To obtain ideas for their research. B.To prevent roofs from overheating.
C.To find the best material for roofs. D.To make roofs well ventilated.
(　　)7.What is Remy’s attitude towards the new findings
A.Uncaring. B.Disapproving. C.Positive. D.Worried.
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.An Effective Architectural Solution
B.A Major Contributor to Global Warming
C.A Sustainable Alternative to Air Conditioning
D.A More Complete Thinking for Cooling Materials
Ⅱ.七选五
　　Pythagoras was a philosopher and mathematician who revolutionised the world.He was best known for the Pythagorean Theorem (勾股定理).1.　　　 Here we mention some famous sayings from Pythagoras.
“Do not be ambitious and stingy;the just measure is excellent in such cases.”
2.　　　 That’s because excessive ambition can turn you into a person who doesn’t know how to enjoy the little things in life.In fact,it sows the seed of continuous dissatisfaction.
“Listen,you will be wise.3.　　　”
Do you know how to listen to others Do you balance out your speaking and listening Although this may seem easy to answer,in reality,you usually tend to talk more than listen. However,this is a serious mistake to make.
Pythagoras was aware that so much can be learnt by listening to others.There’s no rush to respond or to challenge an opinion with which you don’t agree.4.　　　 That’s the key.
“Assist a man in raising a burden,but do not assist him in laying it down.”
Sometimes,you want to help others.Maybe they have problems with their partner or they’re just feeling sad.
Being there for these people and supporting them are something that will help them a lot.However,if you help them,it should be because you want to.Remember,you’re not required to completely assume their problems for them.More than anything,this is because you won’t solve anything by doing so.5.　　
A.It is better to express your ideas.
B.The beginning of wisdom is silence.
C.Listen first then respond wisely later.
D.Such behaviour can lead to endless quarrels.
E.Indeed,this is still studied in philosophy today.
F.In fact,you’ll just add more weight to their load.
G.You are bound to maintain moderate positions in life.UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
One of the most common questions I get from concerned gardeners is how to deal with climbing plants,like ivy.The thinking behind this is that climbers are a drag on brickwork and can cause structural damage to buildings.But when you actually look at the science,very few of these facts are based on any evidence.
A 2020 study of a range of climbing plants on model brick buildings found that the shade cast by the plants’ leaves cooled the surface of the buildings in the summer by as much as 5.7℃,reducing the wide swings between day and night temperatures—a key driver of surface structural damage.It also lowered summer temperatures inside the buildings by up to 7.2℃,and was even projected to reduce heating bills by as much as 20 percent in the winter.Despite concerns that plants release moisture (水分) against brickwork,leading to damp issues,the same trial showed ivy didn’t significantly raise moisture levels—rather,it helped stabilise them,minimising changes that could damage the building surfaces.
It is worth bearing in mind that these results were from model buildings with new brickwork. What about well-used buildings Well,another study,which was from 2011,found that in five historical buildings,bare walls experienced average maximum temperatures 36 percent higher and minimum temperatures 15 percent lower compared with those coated with leaves.
The researchers concluded that the living protection provided by those climbing plants would “reduce the likelihood of frost and salt damage to the building materials,thus contributing to their conservation”.They also found that the leaves’ ability to trap pollution could reduce the damage to historical walls.
Imagine if there were a new material that could cool cities and cut energy bills,all while looking beautiful.Did I mention it was also self-cleaning and carbon negative The truth is that we have had this amazing material all along,but rather than appreciating it,we have spent huge amounts of time worrying about how to tear it down.
(　　)1.What are gardeners commonly concerned about
A.Poor quality of brickwork.
B.Weeds competing for space.
C.Damage caused by construction.
D.Potential dangers of climbing plants.
(　　)2.What do climbing plants mainly serve as according to the 2020 study
A.Temperature adjusters. B.Moisture testers.
C.Pollution monitors. D.Air purifiers.
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Possible doubts about the findings.
B.Analysis of the experimental data.
C.Supporting evidence for the findings.
D.An explanation for the research process.
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude towards climbing plants
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Appreciative. D.Tolerant.
B
Photographer Xie Jianguo’s passion for photographing wild animals and polar ecology is evident in his extensive travels.He has travelled to destinations such as Kenya,Botswana and Madagascar nine times.Furthermore,he has visited the Arctic and Antarctic continents more than 30 times.Xie has also explored diverse regions across Europe,North America,South America,Asia and Australia,catching the remarkable beauty of nature through his cameras on numerous occasions.
Since 2012,Xie has redirected his cameras towards his homeland,focusing on taking pictures of wildlife in China.His footprints have covered nearly all the provinces and regions throughout the country.He has explored nearly 100 wildlife protection areas,such as Source of the Three Rivers,Qinghai Hoh Xil,Qilian Mountains and Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna. From the adorable pandas in Sichuan to the playful Pallas’s Cats in Inner Mongolia,Xie has devoted himself to documenting the country’s rare and endangered animals in order to showcase unique natural and ecological wonders of China.
During his photographic trips,Xie places great emphasis on establishing a harmonious relationship with the animals he encounters,ensuring that they are undisturbed throughout the shooting process.He always tries to film the animals face to face,to catch their most natural and authentic forms.
He said,“I want to showcase the beautiful and dynamic moments of wildlife,to not only record their living conditions but also express the importance of loving and protecting wild animals and their habitats.I also aim to present the rich biological resources of species as well as the achievements of wildlife protection in China through my images.”
In 2016,Xie joined forces with a teammate to launch the “Nature Image China” project.This initiative is committed to recording and preserving the natural beauty of China while promoting its rich natural image culture to the world.Till 2023,the project had organised about 30 photography events,hosted over 100 photo exhibitions at home and abroad,and exhibited over 7,000 photographic works.
(　　)5.What can we learn about Xie from the first paragraph
A.He focused on taking pictures of Chinese wonders.
B.He was enthusiastic about photographing wild animals.
C.He went to many places to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D.He travelled abroad to know more about foreign culture.
(　　)6.What does Xie emphasise while taking photos
A.Perfect moment. B.Beautiful gesture.
C.Delicate technique. D.Harmonious relationship.
(　　)7.How is the achievement of the project demonstrated in the last paragraph
A.By presenting data. B.By giving definitions.
C.By analysing processes. D.By making comparisons.
(　　)8.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A travel brochure. B.A fashion newspaper.
C.A photographic magazine. D.A geography book.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·江苏苏州模拟)
In today’s rapidly changing world,environmental protection has become a topic of great concern for people all over the globe.From the smallest individual actions to large-scale international policies,every effort counts in the fight to preserve our planet.Here are some important aspects and ways to contribute to environmental conservation.
Reduce,Reuse and Recycle
One of the most fundamental principles of environmental protection is the “3R” concept.
1.　　　 By reducing the amount of waste we generate,we can significantly decrease the pressure on landfills and natural resources.For example,choosing to buy products with minimal packaging can cut down on the amount of waste materials.Reusing items is another great way to save resources.Instead of throwing away old clothes,books,or furniture,you can donate them or find creative ways to repurpose them.2.　　　 Recycling is equally important.Many materials such as paper,plastic,glass,and metal can be recycled into new products,reducing the need for raw material extraction.
Energy Conservation
Energy consumption is a major contributor to environmental problems,especially climate change.3.　　　 At home,you can start by switching to energy-efficient light bulbs,unplugging electronic devices when they are not in use,and adjusting the thermostat to a more energy-saving setting.In the workplace,encouraging the use of natural light and proper insulation(隔热材料) can also make a big difference.Additionally,consider using public transport,carpooling(拼车),cycling, or walking instead of driving alone.This not only reduces your carbon footprint but also helps to ease traffic congestion.
Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity is essential for the stability and health of our ecosystems.4.　　　 When we destroy habitats,many species are at risk of extinction,which can have far-reaching consequences for the entire planet.To protect biodiversity,we can support conservation organisations that work to preserve natural habitats and endangered species.Planting native trees and plants in our gardens can also provide habitats for local wildlife.Avoiding the use of pesticides and herbicides in our gardens helps to protect beneficial insects and other small animals.
Educating Others
Education plays a crucial role in environmental protection.5.　　　 By raising awareness about environmental issues,we can inspire more people to take action.You can start by educating your family and friends about simple ways to be more environmentally friendly.Schools and communities can also organise environmental education programmes to teach students and residents about the importance of protecting the environment and the actions they can take.
A.This concept helps us to make better use of resources and minimize waste.
B.We should try to conserve energy in our daily lives as much as possible.
C.Many species are facing extinction due to human activities.
D.People need to understand the impact of their actions on the environment.
E.And recycling centers play a key role in this process.
F.We should focus on economic development at all costs.
G.These actions can have a positive impact on the environment in the long run.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·湖南永州高三二模)
On the beach of San Miguel, a Mexican surf heaven in Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada, a small freshwater stream flows into the bay.While it doesn’t look like much, this connection of the stream and the sea is key to the bay’s famous surf break.For years, though, this delicate bond has been threatened by illegal landfills and proposed projects to expand the port facilities of Ensenada.
“The construction of coastal protection infrastructure (基础设施) is especially lethal to waves,” says Salazar, a local surfer.Three breakwaters have been responsible for wave extinctions in Ensenada:two of them built to secure ports and a third constructed to protect a gas company.
Although the biologists and surfers could see they urgently needed a conservation plan, the big question was how to design a project attractive enough for local politicians to get on board.So from 2014 to 2015, Trent E.Hodges,the conservation programme manager of Save the Waves Coalition (STW), an international nonprofit organisation committed to the protection of surf ecosystems around the world, studied the surfing activities of several hotspots in Todos Santos Bay in Ensenada using “surfonomics”, a methodology adopted by STW to measure the economic influence of surfing.
His study revealed that tourists had an average budget per day of US $111 and stayed an average of 10 bined, the expenditures of tourists and local surfers ranged from $746,000 to $969,000 annually.With the surfonomics data on board, the wave protection movement entered a new stage.In 2021, Arroyo San Miguel State Park was established and it was the first state park in Baja California.
For now, San Miguel’s waves keep rolling in.Surfers watch for them; children laugh and play near the stream that helps create them.This unique state park in Mexico seems to be ringing with the sounds of community and cooperation, nature and conservation, and the waves that will, hopefully, keep breaking far into the future.Together, these seem like a victory song.
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Extremely harmful. B.Directly beneficial.
C.Highly responsive. D.Relatively sensitive.
(　　)2.What might be a logical starting point for involving politicians in wave conservation
A.Urgent need for coastal protection.
B.Environmental impact of wave loss.
C.Economic benefits from surf tourism.
D.Wave extinction in Todos Santos Bay.
(　　)3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A.The data collected by Hodges.
B.The implications of Hodges’ study.
C.The current situation of surf tourism.
D.The process of wave protection movement.
(　　)4.What does the author think of the establishment of the state park
A.It’s a short-term fix.
B.It’s the result of joint efforts.
C.It’s only a temporary success.
D.It’s a once-and-for-all victory.
B
　　An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas”—eagles don’t hunt flies—meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small,insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants,because these ants are changing their lifestyles.
The story starts with the acacia trees (金合欢树) in an African wildlife area in central Kenya.Some of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species,which in turn defend the tree against herbivores (食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves.This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.
But these ants are in trouble.Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree-protecting ants.This,in turn,sets off an entire chain of events that end up influencing when and how lions can hunt.
This ant invasion (入侵) affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions,while hunting for food,have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in.
“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten and where,” said Todd Palmer,an ecologist from Florida.
The lions,which are already endangered,are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras,of course,can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead,they are targeting water buffalo.But this also isn’t the end of the story.Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Direct. B.Discourage. C.Identify. D.Seek.
(　　)6.What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction
A.Cooperating with “big-headed” ants.
B.Damaging the hiding places for lions.
C.Protecting the acacias from herbivores.
D.Starting off the disturbance of the chain.
(　　)7.The author mentions lions,zebras and water buffaloes to show that 　　　.
A.animals fall victim to bigger ones
B.the ecology is on the road to recovery
C.animals are correlative in the ecosystem
D.species are firmly positioned in the food chain
(　　)8.What is the text mainly about
A.What ecologists find about animals.
B.Why African lions are endangered.
C.How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt.
D.How the law of the jungle works in Africa.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·八省联考)
I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park,which was a seaside area in Karachi.There, I would always see the same elderly lady 　1　 the pigeons (鸽子).The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in 　2　,would gather around her before she even had a 　3　 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag.It was the same each day,part of her 　4　.
I found that 　5　 her perform this ordinary task with such 　6　 was both calming and beautiful.
On this particular evening,the lady arrived at her 　7　 spot to feed the birds.But,as she
　8　 the bench (长凳) to sit down,her necklace (项链) fell to the ground.
I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.Noticing that,I 　9　 to get it back for her.　10　,before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the 　11　 picked up the necklace,　12　 to the bench,and dropped it on her lap.
I couldn’t 　13　 my eyes.The old lady,also 　14　,began laughing quietly to herself.I was 　15　 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset.
(　　)1.A.feeding B.pursuing C.training D.collecting
(　　)2.A.age B.size C.weight D.number
(　　)3.A.wish B.chance C.plan D.reason
(　　)4.A.job B.project C.routine D.dream
(　　)5.A.watching B.helping C.making D.hearing
(　　)6.A.confidence B.enthusiasm C.flexibility D.precision
(　　)7.A.original B.parking C.hiding D.usual
(　　)8.A.repaired B.approached C.shared D.supported
(　　)9.A.slipped in B.ran away C.got up D.turned around
(　　)10.A.However B.Afterwards C.Gradually D.Fortunately
(　　)11.A.sea B.tree C.pair D.group
(　　)12.A.walked B.stuck C.pointed D.flew
(　　)13.A.lift B.cover C.believe D.close
(　　)14.A.satisfied B.surprised C.annoyed D.frightened
(　　)15.A.caught B.hit C.left D.met必修　第二册
UNIT 4　INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
There is a day in the life with AI,which follows your move: the way you travel,the food you eat,how you spend your money,the news you read and your social interactions...
7:am　You wake up and glance at your smartphone,which unlocks itself using facial recognition
Smartphones’ Face ID changes your face to a set of numbers that act as your own unique identifier.This biometric portrait is not set in stone—it uses AI to track changes in your appearance,updating its model if you grow a beard,change your makeup style or get older and it also detects whether your eyes are open and your attention is directed at your phone.
8:30 am　You drive to work in your electric car
Some electric cars can do most of the ordinary aspects of driving.Those vehicles’ AI systems collect data from the cameras,identify obstacles,lanes,intersections and traffic lights and decide what action to take,whether moving skillfully into an awkward parking spot or overtaking a slow lorry.But self-driving cars know only how to deal with situations they have seen before and an ongoing challenge is how to equip them for rare and unexpected events.
4:30 pm　Your phone rings with a message from your Shopping APP’s Ring doorbell— a package has been delivered to your doorstep
Last year,about one in five households in the UK reported having an AI-based home security system.Shopping Apps’ Ring uses a motion-activated camera,heat sensor and radar and uses computer vision software to make users different when a person,or a package,is outside their property.Humans have a heavy heat signature and with the radar,the object moving in 3D spaces can be detected.
9:30 pm　You scroll (滚动) through a newspaper article that contains a special ad
As you read news articles,scroll through social media,make Internet searches and buy things online,you leave a trail of clues about who you are,what you might want to spend your money on—that is incredibly valuable for digital advertisers.AI can sift (筛) these data for insights into your age,gender,lifestyle,income and your hobbies.This allows companies to serve up specific,targeted adverts that pop up as you scroll through a news article.
(　　)1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of electric cars
A.Tendency to cut in line.
B.Speeding on the lane.
C.Uncontrolled parking areas.
D.Lack of information about emergencies.
(　　)2.What can we learn about AI from the text
A.Smartphones’ Face ID may change your facial features.
B.Self-driving vehicles can replace human drivers.
C.About 20% of English homes adopt Shopping Apps’ Ring.
D.AI can work out your personal online preference.
(　　)3.What information does the passage convey
A.We will live a better life with AI.
B.AI enters many aspects of our life.
C.The smartphone is a necessity for us.
D.Personal information is no longer secure.
B
(2025·湖北高三模拟)
There has been growing concern about “digital dementia”—the idea that excessive reliance on smartphones and the Internet harms cognitive (认知的) abilities.However,research suggests that for adults aged 50 and above,these technologies may actually have the opposite effect.A comprehensive analysis found that those who frequently used smartphones,computers,and the Internet were less likely to experience cognitive decline compared to those who used them less.
Jared Benge of University of Texas at Austin and his team studied the daily use of digital technologies among adults aged 50 and above.Most of the studies were conducted in Europe or North America,but there were studies from other regions,says Benge.“The effects seem to be fairly consistent.”
There are three key mechanisms that explain this effect,says Benge.First,digital activities are more cognitively engaging than passive ones like watching TV.Second,digital technology strengthens social connections,for instance,video calls.Third,digital tools like navigation applications help older adults maintain independence,ensuring they don’t get lost even if their way-finding abilities decline,for example.
The main weakness is that the studies in the analysis relied on people self-reporting how much they used smartphones,computers or the Internet.In the future,technologies such as screen-time monitoring can provide objective measures.Benge also points out that people in these studies didn’t gain access to smartphones or Internet when they were children.“Does this play out for digital natives This is a snapshot that’s encouraging,but the story is not done being told.”
While the results of the meta-analysis are inconclusive,they suggest that long-term technology use can be beneficial to the brain and cognition,says neuroscientist Dean Burnett.“This clearly challenges the common quick judgment that ‘technology is always bad’ in terms of brain and mental health.”
(　　)4.What is the main finding of the research
A.Smartphone use leads to memory loss in seniors.
B.Internet browsing prevents all forms of dementia.
C.Regular tech use shows cognitive benefits for the elderly.
D.Video games are better than social media for brain health.
(　　)5.What is the main focus of the research
A.Social media habits in teenagers.
B.Daily use of digital technologies.
C.Digital programmes for brain training.
D.Digital activities in western countries.
(　　)6.How might digital technology help older adults stay independent according to Benge
A.By encouraging more self-reporting.
B.By giving directions and locations.
C.By discouraging social interactions.
D.By doing all their daily tasks automatically.
(　　)7.What is Dean Burnett’s attitude towards the research findings
A.Dismissive. B.Uncertain.
C.Supportive. D.Critical.
Ⅱ.语法填空
We already know the fact 1.　　　　 mobile phones have changed the way we live.They have a significant effect on how we read,work,communicate,and shop.People in modern times count on the tiny machines heavily,2.　　　　 (carry) them whenever and wherever.
However,there is still something 3.　　　　 (known) to us.What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons.4.　　　　 (possible),they change not just the way we behave but even 5.　　　　 very shape of our bodies.New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland,Australia suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend 6.　　　　 (they) heads when they use the phone.This shifts 7.　　　　 (weigh) onto the muscles at the back of the head 8.　　　　 causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal.This process can 9.　　　　 (compare) to the way the skin hardens in response 10.　　　　 constant rubbing or pressure.The result is a piece of bone like a horn that sticks out from the head by the neck.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·湖北黄冈联考)
Welcome to the Future City Living Experience!
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·Our smart thermostats learn your preferences and adjust the temperature automatically based on your daily routine and weather conditions.Say goodbye to manual adjustments and enjoy a perfectly comfortable environment at all times.
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·Equipped with AI-powered cameras,motion sensors,and facial recognition technology,our security system ensures your home is always protected.Receive real-time alerts on your smartphone if any unusual activity is detected.
3.Voice-Activated Home Automation
·Control everything from lighting to appliances using voice commands.Through seamless integration with some popular virtual assistants,you can manage your home effortlessly.
4.Energy Efficiency
·Our smart home technology is designed to optimise energy consumption.Smart meters monitor your energy usage and provide detailed reports,cutting down your daily expenses and reducing your carbon footprints.
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Our Smart Home Project is located in the heart of the city,with easy access to public transportation,top-rated schools,and world-class amenities.The area is known for its vibrant community and eco-friendly environment.
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Our smart homes are available in various sizes and configurations to suit your lifestyle.Prices start from $ 6,500.For more information,visit our website or contact our sales team at 1-800-123-4567.
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(　　)1.What is the main purpose of the Smart Home Project
A.To provide affordable housing options.
B.To promote environment-friendly lifestyle.
C.To offer better security solutions for residents.
D.To integrate advanced technology into daily life.
(　　)2.What is the main advantage of the smart home’s energy efficiency feature
A.It reduces the carbon footprints of the home.
B.It provides detailed energy usage reports.
C.It helps save costs and reduce environmental impact.
D.It allows for manual control of energy consumption.
(　　)3.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A business report. B.An advertisement.
C.An amusing project. D.A high-technology workshop.
B
The motivation for his invention came to Aarrav Anil last year when he saw his uncle Arjun,who has Parkinson’s disease,struggle to eat.Some food spilled (溢出) out of his mouth,the rest splattered (溅) on his clothes.Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him.
The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav,17,from Bengaluru, south India,to turn to robotics.He locked himself in his room with microcontrollers,sensors,motors, and a 3D printer.What emerged was a prototype (原型) of a smart spoon that is now undergoing trials at one college of physiotherapy in Bengaluru.
The sensors in the battery-operated spoon detect shaking on one side and activate movement on the other,effectively cancelling out shaking to keep the spoon stable.
“I’ve been fine tuning the design based on the college’s feedback—that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside;that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork,” Aarrav says.
For Aarrav it was the peak of a 10-year interest in mechanics that began when his mother bought him a Lego set.He has now represented India at more than 20 robotics competitions across the world.
When the blueprint for the smart spoon won first prize in the future innovators category at last year’s World Robot Olympiad in Germany,Aarrav felt encouraged to make the prototype.
More than 7 million people in India are estimated to have Parkinson’s disease,a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged and which mainly affects people over the age of 50.Symptoms (症状) include involuntary shaking and stiff muscles.As the disease progresses,eating can become more difficult,forcing people to rely on help from others.
Aarrav’s ambition is that every family that has someone with Parkinson’s will have the smart spoon.He says his uncle Arjun’s words keep echoing (回响) in his mind: “Who would have thought such a small thing could mean the difference between dignity and indignity ”
(　　)4.What can Aarrav’s invention help people with Parkinson’s do
A.Control their physical balance.
B.Boost their mood and relieve stress.
C.Maintain a good range of movement.
D.Feed themselves more independently.
(　　)5.What does the underlined part “fine tuning” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Overturning. B.Reconsidering.
C.Conducting a study of. D.Making minor changes to.
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Parkinson’s in India
A.To show prospects of Aarrav’s invention.
B.To reveal the nation’s poor health situation.
C.To popularise general knowledge of the disease.
D.To convince people to volunteer for social causes.
(　　)7.What can be learnt about Aarrav from the passage
A.He enjoys being alone. B.He has an innovative mind.
C.He used to be a health worker. D.He longed to be a businessman.
Ⅱ.完形填空
In the middle of 2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 　1　 to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science that has yet come to 　2　 someone’s mind.
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.　3　 this ability gives patients greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations, researchers and other third parties,a(n) 　4　 degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be 　5　 for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity,and free will.The potential 　6　 of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.
　7　 this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental
　8　,but was also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neuro data,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.
The proposed legislation recognises the intensely 　9　 nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced 　10　,with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and　11　 to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnology.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future　12　 are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing 　13　 of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n) 　14　 stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider its implications for legal action becomes more 　15　.
(　　)1.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable
(　　)2.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading
(　　)3.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring
(　　)4.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive
(　　)5.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied
(　　)6.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance
(　　)7.A.In comparison with B.In line with
C.At the conclusion of D.At the cost of
(　　)8.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function
(　　)9.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal
(　　)10.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence
(　　)11.A.far-reaching B.labour-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed
(　　)12.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies
(　　)13.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement
(　　)14.A.mature B.initial C.different D.final
(　　)15.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.specialUNIT 6　THE ADMIRABLE
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·四川新高考三模)
　　The winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2025 is Liu Jiakun.The prize,established in 1979,is commonly regarded as “the Nobel Prize of architecture”.
Liu Jiakun was born in 1956.His architectural adventure began when he started playing in the corridors of the large brick hospital where his mother worked as a doctor.“From the rooftop,I could see the whole city,” Liu recalled in an interview,describing how these early experiences shaped his perspective on urban space and community life.After graduating in 1982,Liu’s career took a special path.While working for a state-owned architecture firm,he also developed a strong passion for writing.“I had two identities then,” he explained “By day I was an architect,by night a writer.” This creative life would later profoundly influence his architectural philosophy.
Liu’s designs skillfully combine traditional Chinese elements with modern functionality.His West Village commercial complex in Chengdu (2015) is a typical example of this approach,transforming the entire city block into a lively public space with buildings,bike paths and pedestrian walkways that reexplain traditional Chinese urban planning for modern needs.
The Pritzker judges particularly praised Liu’s “respect for culture,history and nature”.Remarkable projects include a well-known building in Shanghai,which features dramatic balconies inspired by ancient Chinese architecture,and the Luyeyuan Stone Sculpture Art Museum,evoking (唤醒) the peace of classical Chinese gardens.
Perhaps Liu’s most painful creation is his “rebirth brick” project following the deadly 2008 Sichuan earthquake.Using straw and stones from the fallen buildings,Liu developed these special bricks to help rebuild communities.“Each brick carries history,” he said,highlighting how architecture can represent both memory and restoration.
In his Pritzker statement,Liu described his design philosophy in a poetic way,“I dream to be like water—adapting to each place’s unique qualities while gradually solidifying into architecture that honours both tradition and innovation.”
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述了2025年普利兹克建筑奖得主中国建筑师刘家琨的成长经历、设计理念、代表作品等。
(　　)1.What is Liu Jiakun’s most likely view of his childhood
A.A source of inspiration.
B.A burden of his growth.
C.A stage of academic achievement.
D.A period of artistic exploration.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘From the rooftop,I could see...,’Liu recalled in an...urban space and community life.”可知,童年在医院走廊玩耍、从屋顶俯瞰城市的经历塑造了他对城市空间和社区生活的看法,成为他建筑理念的灵感来源。因此,他认为童年的经历可能是他灵感的源泉。故选A。
(　　)2.Which words can best describe Liu Jiakun’s architectural style
A.Modern but ordinary.
B.Expensive but functional.
C.Simple and impractical.
D.Traditional and innovative.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和最后一段中的“honours both tradition and innovation”可知,刘家琨的建筑风格兼具传统与创新。故选D。
(　　)3.Why is the “rebirth brick” project mentioned in Paragraph 5
A.To highlight Liu’s mixed feelings.
B.To introduce a new type of brick.
C.To illustrate Liu’s design concept.
D.To evaluate local construction materials.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段尤其是最后一句可知,刘家琨强调建筑既能承载记忆,也能体现重建的过程。故提及这一项目是为了具体说明他尊重文化、历史与自然的设计理念。故选C。
(　　)4.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.The Pritzker Prize Honours a New Wave of Architecture
B.Chinese Architect Liu Jiakun Wins the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize
C.Creativity in Architecture Leads to Global Recognition in Design
D.Traditional Chinese Elements Are Transforming Modern Architecture
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,全文围绕刘家琨获得普利兹克建筑奖展开,介绍了刘家琨的成长经历、设计理念、代表作品及获奖原因。B项直接点明核心事件,涵盖主要人物与奖项,适合作为标题。故选B。
B
(2025·云南玉溪高三模拟)
Huang Xuhua,born in 1926 in Guangdong Province,is known as the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”. His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China’s nuclear submarine programme,which played a key role in the country’s defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure.
In 1958,Mr Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China’s first nuclear submarine project.At that time,China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines,and due to international situation,the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation.Despite these significant challenges,Mr Huang accepted the mission with determination,driven by the need to safeguard China’s maritime sovereignty (主权) and strengthen its strategic defense.The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering,Mr Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor,demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills.
After over a decade of hard work,Huang’s team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China’s first nuclear-powered submarine,the Type 091 (Han-class).This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines.Soon after,they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class),China’s first ballistic missile submarine,which boosted the country’s nuclear defense.
Huang’s contributions went beyond technology.His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation.Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work,Huang stayed committed to the project,often sacrificing personal comforts for its success.In recognition of his achievements,Huang has received many awards,including the National Highest Science and Technology Award,China’s highest honour for scientific achievements.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了黄旭华对中国核潜艇事业的贡献。
(　　)5.What was the biggest challenge in developing China’s first nuclear submarine
A.Funding missile systems.
B.Lacking the necessary technology and resources.
C.Coordinating international cooperation.
D.Designing a compact nuclear reactor to power a submarine.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest hurdle was...capable of powering a submarine.”可知,研发中国第一艘核潜艇最大的挑战是设计一个紧凑的核反应堆来为潜艇提供动力。故选D。
(　　)6.What is the primary purpose of Paragraph 3
A.To compare the functions of Type 091 and Type 092 submarines.
B.To emphasise the global popularity of Chinese submarine technology.
C.To showcase the technological achievements and their strategic impact.
D.To list the names and launch dates of China’s early nuclear submarines.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,本段主要讲述了中国在核潜艇技术方面取得的成就及其战略影响。故选C。
(　　)7.Which of the following can best describe Huang Xuhua
A.Innovative and patriotic.
B.Talented and generous.
C.Modest and kind-hearted.
D.Hard-working and adventurous.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Despite these significant challenges...strengthen its strategic defense.”以及该段最后一句可推知,黄旭华具有爱国精神和创新精神。故选A。
(　　)8.Where would you most likely read this passage
A.A fictional novel.
B.A travel guide.
C.A biography.
D.A newspaper.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华对中国核潜艇事业的贡献,所以这篇文章最有可能出现在人物传记中。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·四川泸县高三模拟)
With science and technology advancing in agricultural development,Chinese researchers 1.　　　　(report) to have developed a lightweight carrot combine harvester intended 2.　　　　(improve) efficiency and reduce labour costs in carrot farming.
The new machine,3.　　　　(develop) by the Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization (NIAM) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,4.　　　　 the aid of the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,addresses key technical challenges in carrot combine harvesting.
Harvesting is one of the most labour-intensive as well as costly 5.　　　　(stage) of carrot production,totaling over one-third of the whole labour and more than 50 percent of production costs.6.　　　　 newly-developed harvester is designed mainly to solve the problems of high digging resistance,breaking off the carrot tops when clamping,and inconsistent cutting of the carrot tops,according to NIAM.Apart from this,the harvester can 7.　　　　(unbelievable) harvest up to two mu of carrots per hour,the equivalent (等量) of 8.　　　　 more than 30 workers can achieve in a day.
NIAM researchers say not only can the machine noticeably boost efficiency,but it can undoubtedly minimise harvest losses and cut labour costs.With its 9.　　　　(innovation) design and remarkable efficiency,the new lightweight carrot combine harvester will revolutionise carrot farming practices,10.　　　　(offer) a promising solution to the difficult problem of harvesting carrots.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国研究人员研发的一款轻型胡萝卜联合收割机,它能提高效率、降低人工成本。
1.【答案】 are reported　
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处是谓语动词,与主语Chinese researchers之间是被动关系,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是复数名词,be动词用are。故填are reported。
2.【答案】 to improve　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。intend to do sth是固定搭配,意为“打算做某事;想要做某事”。故填to improve。
3.【答案】 developed　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处与其逻辑主语The new machine之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填developed。
4.【答案】 with　
【解析】 考查介词。with the aid of是固定短语,意为“在……的帮助下”,符合语境。故填with。
5.【答案】 stages　
【解析】 考查名词复数。“one of+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定搭配,意为“最……之一”,应用名词复数形式。故填stages。
6.【答案】 The　
【解析】 考查冠词。分析可知,此处特指上文提到的新研发的收割机,应用定冠词the,句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
7.【答案】 unbelievably　
【解析】 考查副词。分析可知,此处修饰动词harvest,应用副词形式。故填unbelievably。
8.【答案】 what　
【解析】 考查宾语从句。分析可知,此处是宾语从句,且从句中谓语动词achieve后缺少宾语,再结合句意可知,此处应用连接代词what引导该从句,并在从句中作宾语。故填what。
9.【答案】 innovative　
【解析】 考查形容词。分析可知,此处修饰名词design,应用形容词形式作定语。故填innovative。
10.【答案】 offering　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析可知,设空处与其逻辑主语the new lightweight carrot combine harvester之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填offering。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·广东高州三模)
Living for 97 years is an impressive achievement in and of itself.Most people hitting this milestone are probably thankful for what health they have and the memories they’ve made.In the case of TV host and conservationist David Attenborough,he can reflect on a life of activism in service for our planet.The British icon turned an impressive 97 on May 8,2023.Born in 1926,Attenborough has spent most of his life on camera covering animals and natural history.Today,despite his age,he is still an active campaigner for our planet.
Attenborough travelled around the world with his Zoo Quest programme,highlighting different creatures.Afterwards,he created his iconic series Life on Earth in 1979.Since then,he has created and starred in countless programmes which have brought nature closer to viewers around the world.
His documentary with WWF,David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet,often returns to a theme which has predominated in Attenborough’s later work.He reflects on just how much the environment has changed in his decades of observation and how swiftly time is running out before further serious damage can be prevented.This programme was widely streamed and considered a “wake-up call” for the world.While Attenborough is far from the first or only voice to raise this call,his reach as a respected and powerful figure within the media provides a useful platform.
Although he has received countless awards,Attenborough has used recent accolades (荣誉) as a chance to focus once more on the planet.Shortly after winning the Champions of the Earth Lifetime Achievement Award in 2022,he sent an urgent message about the state of the planet to all viewers in Frozen Planet Ⅱ.Even after his 97th birthday,he continues to write and speak on preserving the UK and the world for future generations.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。大卫·爱登堡不仅是一位杰出的自然博物学家,还是勇敢无畏的探险家和旅行家,他被世人誉为“世界自然纪录片之父”。
(　　)1.What is David Attenborough known for
A.The possession of treasures.
B.The memories about activities.
C.The rewards as a British icon.
D.The contribution to earth protection.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the case of TV host and conservationist David Attenborough,he can reflect on a life of activism in service for our planet.”以及“Today,despite his age,he is still an active campaigner for our planet.”可知,大卫·爱登堡因其积极保护地球的行为而为世人熟知。故选D。
(　　)2.How did Attenborough try to get nature and his audience closer
A.By majoring in natural science in university.
B.By travelling throughout the world.
C.By sitting closer to viewers when hosting programmes.
D.By starting and starring in many relevant programmes.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since then,he has created and starred in countless programmes which have brought nature closer to viewers around the world.”可知,大卫·爱登堡创作并主演了很多节目,这些节目拉近了观众与自然之间的距离。故选D。
(　　)3.What can we know about David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet
A.It features environment shifts and conservation.
B.It is about how swiftly one’s life runs out.
C.It is received by few viewers and thought little of.
D.It provides a powerful and useful platform for the media.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“His documentary with WWF,David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet...how much the environment has changed in his decades of observation and how swiftly time is running out before further serious damage can be prevented.”可知,大卫·爱登堡在David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet中反思几十年来环境的变化,并意识到阻止地球遭受更严重损害的紧迫性,可见David Attenborough:A Life on Our Planet以环境变化及环境保护为主题。故选A。
(　　)4.Which words can best describe David Attenborough
A.Dependent and curious.
B.Devoted and responsible.
C.Humorous and passionate.
D.Ambitious and reserved.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even after his 97th birthday,he continues to write and speak on preserving the UK and the world for future generations.”可知,过完97岁生日的爱登堡持续为保护地球发声,为下一代奉献,这充分说明了他是一个对事业充满热忱,对世界和未来高度负责的人。故选B。
B
(2025·安徽亳州高三模拟)
As the planet gets hotter,the need for cool living environments is becoming more urgent.But air conditioning is a major contributor to global warming since its units release powerful greenhouse gases and use lots of energy.
Now,researchers from McGill University,UCLA and Princeton have found in a new study an inexpensive,sustainable alternative to mechanical cooling with refrigerants(制冷剂)in hot and dry climates,and a way to relieve dangerous heat waves during electricity blackouts.
The researchers set out to answer how to achieve a new benchmark(基准) in passive cooling inside naturally conditioned buildings in hot climates such as Southern California.As an attempt,they examined the use of roof materials that radiate(辐射) heat into the cold universe,even under direct sunlight,and how to combine them with temperature-driven ventilation(通风).These cool radiator materials and coatings are often used to stop roofs overheating.Researchers have also used them to improve heat rejection from chillers.But there is untapped potential for integrating them into architectural design more fully,so they can not only reject indoor heat to outer space in a passive way,but also drive regular and healthy air changes.
“We found we could maintain air temperatures several degrees below the current surrounding temperature,and several degrees more below a reference ‘gold standard’ for passive cooling,” said Remy Fortin,lead author and PhD candidate at McGill University.“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.” This was a considerable challenge,considering air exchanges are a source of heating when the aim is to keep a room cooler than the outside.
The researchers hope the findings will be used to positively impact communities suffering from dangerous climate heating and heatwaves.“We hope that materials scientists,architects,and engineers will be interested in these results,and that our work will inspire more complete thinking for how to integrate breakthroughs in radiative cooling materials with simple but effective architectural solutions,” said Remy Fortin.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员发现的一种节能环保的制冷方案。
(　　)5.What might cause researchers to look for an alternative to air conditioning
A.The severe shortage of energy.
B.The greenhouse effect of air conditioning.
C.The increasing dangerous heatwaves.
D.The need for cool living environments.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But air conditioning is a major contributor...use lots of energy.”可知,空调制冷产生的温室效应可能促使研究人员寻找空调的替代品。故选B。
(　　)6.Why did researchers examine the use of roof materials
A.To obtain ideas for their research.
B.To prevent roofs from overheating.
C.To find the best material for roofs.
D.To make roofs well ventilated.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知,研究人员研究能辐射热量的屋顶材料的使用是想尝试解答如何在炎热的气候条件下实现建筑内部被动制冷的新基准,即为他们的研究获取想法。故选A。
(　　)7.What is Remy’s attitude towards the new findings
A.Uncaring. B.Disapproving.
C.Positive. D.Worried.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We did this without sacrificing healthy ventilation air changes.”和最后一段中雷米说的话可知,雷米对研究结果感到自豪,并希望更多学者对此感兴趣并进行进一步研究。由此可推知他对新发现的态度是积极的。故选C。
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.An Effective Architectural Solution
B.A Major Contributor to Global Warming
C.A Sustainable Alternative to Air Conditioning
D.A More Complete Thinking for Cooling Materials
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据第二段内容可知,本文主要介绍了科研人员发现的一种比空调更加节能环保的制冷方案。C项适合作标题,故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
　　Pythagoras was a philosopher and mathematician who revolutionised the world.He was best known for the Pythagorean Theorem (勾股定理).1.　　　 Here we mention some famous sayings from Pythagoras.
“Do not be ambitious and stingy;the just measure is excellent in such cases.”
2.　　　 That’s because excessive ambition can turn you into a person who doesn’t know how to enjoy the little things in life.In fact,it sows the seed of continuous dissatisfaction.
“Listen,you will be wise.3.　　　”
Do you know how to listen to others Do you balance out your speaking and listening Although this may seem easy to answer,in reality,you usually tend to talk more than listen.However,this is a serious mistake to make.
Pythagoras was aware that so much can be learnt by listening to others.There’s no rush to respond or to challenge an opinion with which you don’t agree.4.　　　 That’s the key.
“Assist a man in raising a burden,but do not assist him in laying it down.”
Sometimes,you want to help others.Maybe they have problems with their partner or they’re just feeling sad.
Being there for these people and supporting them are something that will help them a lot.However,if you help them,it should be because you want to.Remember,you’re not required to completely assume their problems for them.More than anything,this is because you won’t solve anything by doing so.5.　　
A.It is better to express your ideas.
B.The beginning of wisdom is silence.
C.Listen first then respond wisely later.
D.Such behaviour can lead to endless quarrels.
E.Indeed,this is still studied in philosophy today.
F.In fact,you’ll just add more weight to their load.
G.You are bound to maintain moderate positions in life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了毕达哥拉斯的一些名言。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据空处前后两句可知,本句主要肯定了毕达哥拉斯的勾股定理,下文引出其他名言。故E选项“的确,这在今天的哲学中仍在研究”符合语境。故选E。
2.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据小标题以及下文内容可知,下文提到不要过度有野心,推测本句是在建议保持怎样的立场。故G选项“你在生活中一定要保持温和的立场”符合语境。故选G。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“Listen,you will be wise.”可知,本句与如何变得有智慧有关系,且B选项中的wisdom对应上文的wise。故B选项“智慧的开端是沉默”符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“Pythagoras was aware that so much can be learnt by listening to others.There’s no rush to respond or to challenge an opinion with which you don’t agree.”可知,本句说明如何正确地倾听。故C选项“先听,然后明智地回应”符合语境。故选C。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据上文“Being there for these people...this is because you won’t solve anything by doing so.”可知,上文提到了不需要完全承担他们的问题,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文,说明这么做的坏处。故F选项“事实上,你只会增加他们的负担”符合语境。故选F。UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
One of the most common questions I get from concerned gardeners is how to deal with climbing plants,like ivy.The thinking behind this is that climbers are a drag on brickwork and can cause structural damage to buildings.But when you actually look at the science,very few of these facts are based on any evidence.
A 2020 study of a range of climbing plants on model brick buildings found that the shade cast by the plants’ leaves cooled the surface of the buildings in the summer by as much as 5.7℃,reducing the wide swings between day and night temperatures—a key driver of surface structural damage.It also lowered summer temperatures inside the buildings by up to 7.2℃,and was even projected to reduce heating bills by as much as 20 percent in the winter.Despite concerns that plants release moisture (水分) against brickwork,leading to damp issues,the same trial showed ivy didn’t significantly raise moisture levels—rather,it helped stabilise them,minimising changes that could damage the building surfaces.
It is worth bearing in mind that these results were from model buildings with new brickwork.What about well-used buildings Well,another study,which was from 2011,found that in five historical buildings,bare walls experienced average maximum temperatures 36 percent higher and minimum temperatures 15 percent lower compared with those coated with leaves.
The researchers concluded that the living protection provided by those climbing plants would “reduce the likelihood of frost and salt damage to the building materials,thus contributing to their conservation”.They also found that the leaves’ ability to trap pollution could reduce the damage to historical walls.
Imagine if there were a new material that could cool cities and cut energy bills,all while looking beautiful.Did I mention it was also self-cleaning and carbon negative The truth is that we have had this amazing material all along,but rather than appreciating it,we have spent huge amounts of time worrying about how to tear it down.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究发现攀缘植物(如常春藤)对建筑物有多方面的益处。
(　　)1.What are gardeners commonly concerned about
A.Poor quality of brickwork.
B.Weeds competing for space.
C.Damage caused by construction.
D.Potential dangers of climbing plants.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the most common questions I get from concerned gardeners is how to deal with climbing plants,like ivy.The thinking behind this is that climbers are a drag on brickwork and can cause structural damage to buildings.”可知,园丁们通常担心的是攀缘植物的潜在危险。故选D。
(　　)2.What do climbing plants mainly serve as according to the 2020 study
A.Temperature adjusters.
B.Moisture testers.
C.Pollution monitors.
D.Air purifiers.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A 2020 study of a range of climbing plants on model brick buildings found that...It also lowered summer temperatures inside the buildings by up to 7.2 ℃”可知,攀缘植物的叶子形成的阴影可以在夏天降低建筑表面的温度,减少昼夜温差之间的大幅波动,这是造成建筑表面结构破坏的关键因素;同时还可以降低建筑内部的温度。因此,由2020年的这项研究可知,攀缘植物主要作为温度调节器。故选A。
(　　)3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Possible doubts about the findings.
B.Analysis of the experimental data.
C.Supporting evidence for the findings.
D.An explanation for the research process.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段提到了一项2011年的研究,该研究发现与覆盖着叶子的墙壁相比,裸露的墙壁经历了更高的最高温度和更低的最低温度。这是为了支持第二段中的研究发现,即攀缘植物可以降低建筑表面和内部的温度,从而减少对建筑结构的损害。因此,第三段主要提供了对发现的支持证据。故选C。
(　　)4.What is the author’s attitude towards climbing plants
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.
C.Appreciative. D.Tolerant.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者在文章中提到,虽然有人担心攀缘植物会对建筑造成损害,但研究表明攀缘植物可以降温、降低能耗,并对建筑物有保护作用。结合最后一段内容可知,作者对攀缘植物持赞赏的态度。故选C。
B
Photographer Xie Jianguo’s passion for photographing wild animals and polar ecology is evident in his extensive travels.He has travelled to destinations such as Kenya,Botswana and Madagascar nine times.Furthermore,he has visited the Arctic and Antarctic continents more than 30 times.Xie has also explored diverse regions across Europe,North America,South America,Asia and Australia,catching the remarkable beauty of nature through his cameras on numerous occasions.
Since 2012,Xie has redirected his cameras towards his homeland,focusing on taking pictures of wildlife in China.His footprints have covered nearly all the provinces and regions throughout the country.He has explored nearly 100 wildlife protection areas,such as Source of the Three Rivers,Qinghai Hoh Xil,Qilian Mountains and Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna.From the adorable pandas in Sichuan to the playful Pallas’s Cats in Inner Mongolia,Xie has devoted himself to documenting the country’s rare and endangered animals in order to showcase unique natural and ecological wonders of China.
During his photographic trips,Xie places great emphasis on establishing a harmonious relationship with the animals he encounters,ensuring that they are undisturbed throughout the shooting process.He always tries to film the animals face to face,to catch their most natural and authentic forms.
He said,“I want to showcase the beautiful and dynamic moments of wildlife,to not only record their living conditions but also express the importance of loving and protecting wild animals and their habitats.I also aim to present the rich biological resources of species as well as the achievements of wildlife protection in China through my images.”
In 2016,Xie joined forces with a teammate to launch the “Nature Image China” project.This initiative is committed to recording and preserving the natural beauty of China while promoting its rich natural image culture to the world.Till 2023,the project had organised about 30 photography events,hosted over 100 photo exhibitions at home and abroad,and exhibited over 7,000 photographic works.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师谢建国致力于拍摄自然状态下的野生动物以及宣传保护野生动物的事情。
(　　)5.What can we learn about Xie from the first paragraph
A.He focused on taking pictures of Chinese wonders.
B.He was enthusiastic about photographing wild animals.
C.He went to many places to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
D.He travelled abroad to know more about foreign culture.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知,谢热衷于拍摄野生动物。故选B。
(　　)6.What does Xie emphasise while taking photos
A.Perfect moment.
B.Beautiful gesture.
C.Delicate technique.
D.Harmonious relationship.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Xie places great emphasis on establishing a harmonious relationship with the animals he encounters”可知,谢拍照时非常重视他与遇到的动物之间的和谐关系。故选D。
(　　)7.How is the achievement of the project demonstrated in the last paragraph
A.By presenting data.
B.By giving definitions.
C.By analysing processes.
D.By making comparisons.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,该项目的成果是通过展示数据来呈现的。故选A。
(　　)8.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A travel brochure.
B.A fashion newspaper.
C.A photographic magazine.
D.A geography book.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要讲述了摄影师谢建国致力于拍摄自然状态下的野生动物以及宣传保护野生动物的事情。由此可推知,本文可能选自摄影杂志。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·江苏苏州模拟)
In today’s rapidly changing world,environmental protection has become a topic of great concern for people all over the globe.From the smallest individual actions to large-scale international policies,every effort counts in the fight to preserve our planet.Here are some important aspects and ways to contribute to environmental conservation.
Reduce,Reuse and Recycle
One of the most fundamental principles of environmental protection is the “3R” concept.1.　　　 By reducing the amount of waste we generate,we can significantly decrease the pressure on landfills and natural resources.For example,choosing to buy products with minimal packaging can cut down on the amount of waste materials.Reusing items is another great way to save resources.Instead of throwing away old clothes,books,or furniture,you can donate them or find creative ways to repurpose them.2.　　　 Recycling is equally important.Many materials such as paper,plastic,glass,and metal can be recycled into new products,reducing the need for raw material extraction.
Energy Conservation
Energy consumption is a major contributor to environmental problems,especially climate change.3.　　　 At home,you can start by switching to energy-efficient light bulbs,unplugging electronic devices when they are not in use,and adjusting the thermostat to a more energy-saving setting.In the workplace,encouraging the use of natural light and proper insulation(隔热材料) can also make a big difference.Additionally,consider using public transport,carpooling(拼车),cycling,or walking instead of driving alone.This not only reduces your carbon footprint but also helps to ease traffic congestion.
Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity is essential for the stability and health of our ecosystems.4.　　　 When we destroy habitats,many species are at risk of extinction,which can have far-reaching consequences for the entire planet.To protect biodiversity,we can support conservation organisations that work to preserve natural habitats and endangered species.Planting native trees and plants in our gardens can also provide habitats for local wildlife.Avoiding the use of pesticides and herbicides in our gardens helps to protect beneficial insects and other small animals.
Educating Others
Education plays a crucial role in environmental protection.5.　　　 By raising awareness about environmental issues,we can inspire more people to take action.You can start by educating your family and friends about simple ways to be more environmentally friendly.Schools and communities can also organise environmental education programmes to teach students and residents about the importance of protecting the environment and the actions they can take.
A.This concept helps us to make better use of resources and minimize waste.
B.We should try to conserve energy in our daily lives as much as possible.
C.Many species are facing extinction due to human activities.
D.People need to understand the impact of their actions on the environment.
E.And recycling centers play a key role in this process.
F.We should focus on economic development at all costs.
G.These actions can have a positive impact on the environment in the long run.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了保护环境的几个重要方面及相应做法,旨在呼吁人们采取行动保护地球环境。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据设空处上下文可知,上文提到了“3R”概念,下文提到了通过减少我们产生的垃圾数量,我们可以显著减轻垃圾填埋场和自然资源的压力,由此可推知,此处可能阐述“3R”概念的作用。A项承上启下,符合语境,故选A。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处下文可知,下文在强调回收的重要性。E项说明了回收过程中回收中心的作用,与下文紧密相关,故选E。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“At home...a more energy-saving setting.”可知,更换节能灯泡,不使用电子设备时拔掉插头以及将恒温器调整到更节能的设置都是和日常生活相关的活动,由此可推出,此处应强调在日常生活中节能的重要性。B项符合语境,故选B。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据设空处下一句可知,当人类破坏动物栖息地时,许多物种会面临灭绝的风险,C项与下文内容紧密相关,解释了许多物种面临灭绝的原因是人类活动,符合语境,故选C。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处上下文可知,上文提到了教育在环境保护中起着至关重要的作用,下文说的是通过提高对环境问题的认识,我们可以激励更多的人采取行动,由此可推出,此处应强调人们需要了解自己的行为对环境的影响。D项与上下文衔接自然,符合语境,故选D。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·湖南永州高三二模)
On the beach of San Miguel, a Mexican surf heaven in Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada, a small freshwater stream flows into the bay.While it doesn’t look like much, this connection of the stream and the sea is key to the bay’s famous surf break.For years, though, this delicate bond has been threatened by illegal landfills and proposed projects to expand the port facilities of Ensenada.
“The construction of coastal protection infrastructure (基础设施) is especially lethal to waves,” says Salazar, a local surfer.Three breakwaters have been responsible for wave extinctions in Ensenada:two of them built to secure ports and a third constructed to protect a gas company.
Although the biologists and surfers could see they urgently needed a conservation plan, the big question was how to design a project attractive enough for local politicians to get on board.So from 2014 to 2015, Trent E.Hodges,the conservation programme manager of Save the Waves Coalition (STW), an international nonprofit organisation committed to the protection of surf ecosystems around the world, studied the surfing activities of several hotspots in Todos Santos Bay in Ensenada using “surfonomics”, a methodology adopted by STW to measure the economic influence of surfing.
His study revealed that tourists had an average budget per day of US $111 and stayed an average of 10 bined, the expenditures of tourists and local surfers ranged from $746,000 to $969,000 annually.With the surfonomics data on board, the wave protection movement entered a new stage.In 2021, Arroyo San Miguel State Park was established and it was the first state park in Baja California.
For now, San Miguel’s waves keep rolling in.Surfers watch for them; children laugh and play near the stream that helps create them.This unique state park in Mexico seems to be ringing with the sounds of community and cooperation, nature and conservation, and the waves that will, hopefully, keep breaking far into the future.Together, these seem like a victory song.
【语篇导读】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了墨西哥冲浪胜地面临危机时,各方通过合作促成当地州立公园的建立,达到保护冲浪点的目的。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Extremely harmful.
B.Directly beneficial.
C.Highly responsive.
D.Relatively sensitive.
【答案】 A
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Three breakwaters...a gas company.”可知,有三个防波堤导致了海浪的消失,可推断海岸保护基础设施的建设对海浪是“极具破坏性的”,与“Extremely harmful”一致。故选A。
(　　)2.What might be a logical starting point for involving politicians in wave conservation
A.Urgent need for coastal protection.
B.Environmental impact of wave loss.
C.Economic benefits from surf tourism.
D.Wave extinction in Todos Santos Bay.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,第三段指出生物学家和冲浪者需设计吸引政客参与的保护计划,Hodges通过“冲浪经济学”测算冲浪旅游的经济影响,最终推动政策支持。因此,政客参与海浪保护的逻辑起点是冲浪旅游的经济收益。故选C。
(　　)3.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A.The data collected by Hodges.
B.The implications of Hodges’ study.
C.The current situation of surf tourism.
D.The process of wave protection movement.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。第四段先呈现 Hodges 研究得出的游客消费数据,随后说明这些数据推动保护运动进入新阶段并促成州立公园建立。所以本段讲的是研究结果的影响。故选B。
(　　)4.What does the author think of the establishment of the state park
A.It’s a short-term fix.
B.It’s the result of joint efforts.
C.It’s only a temporary success.
D.It’s a once-and-for-all victory.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ringing with the sounds of community and cooperation”和最后一句可知,作者强调州立公园的建立是多方共同努力和协作的成果。故选B。
B
　　An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas”—eagles don’t hunt flies—meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small,insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants,because these ants are changing their lifestyles.
The story starts with the acacia trees (金合欢树) in an African wildlife area in central Kenya.Some of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species,which in turn defend the tree against herbivores (食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves.This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.
But these ants are in trouble.Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree-protecting ants.This,in turn,sets off an entire chain of events that end up influencing when and how lions can hunt.
This ant invasion (入侵) affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions,while hunting for food,have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in.
“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together,determining who is eaten and where,” said Todd Palmer,an ecologist from Florida.
The lions,which are already endangered,are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras,of course,can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead,they are targeting water buffalo.But this also isn’t the end of the story.Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何通过食物链影响到狮子的捕猎方式。
(　　)5.What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Direct. B.Discourage.
C.Identify. D.Seek.
【答案】 B
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leaves.This is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores”可知,这种蚂蚁对金合欢树具有保护作用。由此猜测“but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers”意为“还释放出可以阻止其他潜在攻击者的化学物质”,即deter意为“阻止”,与discourage同义。故选B。
(　　)6.What role do the elephants play in the chain reaction
A.Cooperating with “big-headed” ants.
B.Damaging the hiding places for lions.
C.Protecting the acacias from herbivores.
D.Starting off the disturbance of the chain.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This ant invasion (入侵) affects one thing after the other...have no more trees to use for hiding.”可知,在这条食物链中大象破坏了狮子的藏身之处。故选B。
(　　)7.The author mentions lions,zebras and water buffaloes to show that 　　　.
A.animals fall victim to bigger ones
B.the ecology is on the road to recovery
C.animals are correlative in the ecosystem
D.species are firmly positioned in the food chain
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知,蚂蚁的入侵导致金合欢树被大量吃掉,使得狮子在狩猎时失去掩护,这导致以斑马为主食的狮子转而猎杀水牛。由此推知,作者提到狮子、斑马和水牛是为了说明动物在生态系统中是相互关联的。故选C。
(　　)8.What is the text mainly about
A.What ecologists find about animals.
B.Why African lions are endangered.
C.How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt.
D.How the law of the jungle works in Africa.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据第一段中的“But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants,because these ants are changing their lifestyles.”可知,文章主要介绍了小蚂蚁如何通过食物链影响到狮子的捕猎方式。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·八省联考)
I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park,which was a seaside area in Karachi.There,I would always see the same elderly lady 　1　 the pigeons (鸽子).The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in 　2　,would gather around her before she even had a 　3　 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag.It was the same each day,part of her 　4　.
I found that 　5　 her perform this ordinary task with such 　6　 was both calming and beautiful.
On this particular evening,the lady arrived at her 　7　 spot to feed the birds.But,as she 　8　 the bench (长凳) to sit down,her necklace (项链) fell to the ground.
I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.Noticing that,I 　9　 to get it back for her.　10　,before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the 　11　 picked up the necklace,　12　 to the bench,and dropped it on her lap.
I couldn’t 　13　 my eyes.The old lady,also 　14　,began laughing quietly to herself.I was 　15　 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章通过描述作者在公园看日落时目睹一位老妇人喂鸽子的温馨场景,以及一只鸽子捡回老妇人掉落项链的瞬间,展现了人与动物之间的和谐美好。
[语篇脉络]
(　　)1.A.feeding B.pursuing
C.training D.collecting
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“On this particular evening,the lady arrived at her 　7　 spot to feed the birds.”可知,作者总是看到同一个老妇人在喂(feeding)鸽子。故选A。
(　　)2.A.age B.size
C.weight D.number
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“The birds,usually around 10 to 15”可知,此处是介绍这群鸽子的数量(number)。故选D。
(　　)3.A.wish B.chance
C.plan D.reason
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in 　2　,would gather around her before she even had a 　3　”和下文“to take the bag of rice out from her handbag”可知,此处描述鸽子迅速聚集在老妇人周围的场景,应该是不等她有机会(chance)从手提包里拿出装米的袋子,鸽子就聚集起来了。故选B。
(　　)4.A.job B.project
C.routine D.dream
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“It was the same each day”可知,喂鸽子这件事每天都是一样的,这成了老妇人的惯例(routine)。故选C。
(　　)5.A.watching B.helping
C.making D.hearing
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“There,I would always see the same elderly lady 　1　 the pigeons (鸽子).”可知,作者总是观看(watching)老妇人喂鸽子。故选A。
(　　)6.A.confidence B.enthusiasm
C.flexibility D.precision
【答案】 B
【解析】 此处描述看着她充满热情(enthusiasm)地做这件普通的事让作者觉得既平静又美好。with enthusiasm意为“充满热情地”,是固定搭配。故选B。
(　　)7.A.original B.parking
C.hiding D.usual
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“It was the same each day”可知,这件事每天都是一样的。由此可知,老妇人是来到常去的地方喂鸽子,usual意为“通常的,寻常的”,符合语境。故选D。
(　　)8.A.repaired B.approached
C.shared D.supported
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据语境可知,此处指老妇人走近长凳坐下,approach意为“靠近,接近”,符合语境。故选B。
(　　)9.A.slipped in B.ran away
C.got up D.turned around
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.”可知,作者坐在附近的草地上,等待太阳落山。由此可知,作者看到老妇人的项链掉落后,起身(got up)去帮她拿回来。故选C。
(　　)10.A.However B.Afterwards
C.Gradually D.Fortunately
【答案】 A
【解析】 上文说作者起身去捡项链,下文说作者捡到之前,一只鸽子把项链叼起来了,前后是转折关系。However表示转折。故选A。
(　　)11.A.sea B.tree
C.pair D.group
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“The birds,usually around 10 to 15 in 　2　,would gather around her”可知,这是聚集在老妇人周围的那群(group)鸽子中的一只。故选D。
(　　)12.A.walked B.stuck
C.pointed D.flew
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“one of the pigeons”和下文“dropped it on her lap”可知,鸽子应该是飞(flew)向长凳,把项链放在老妇人的腿上。故选D。
(　　)13.A.lift B.cover
C.believe D.close
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“before I reached it,one of the pigeons from the 　11　 picked up the necklace,　12　 to the bench,and dropped it on her lap”可知,看到老妇人经常喂的鸽子居然帮她捡回项链,这让作者觉得很惊讶,此处表示作者不敢相信(believe)自己的眼睛。故选C。
(　　)14.A.satisfied B.surprised
C.annoyed D.frightened
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“also”可知,看到自己经常喂的鸽子居然帮她捡回项链,老妇人也和作者一样感到非常惊讶(surprised)。故选B。
(　　)15.A.caught B.hit
C.left D.met
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset”可知,作者见到这一情景,脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。be left with意为“留下,剩下”,此处表示作者脸上留下了这样的表情。故选C。必修　第二册
UNIT 4　INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
There is a day in the life with AI,which follows your move: the way you travel,the food you eat,how you spend your money,the news you read and your social interactions...
7:am　You wake up and glance at your smartphone,which unlocks itself using facial recognition
Smartphones’ Face ID changes your face to a set of numbers that act as your own unique identifier.This biometric portrait is not set in stone—it uses AI to track changes in your appearance,updating its model if you grow a beard,change your makeup style or get older and it also detects whether your eyes are open and your attention is directed at your phone.
8:30 am　You drive to work in your electric car
Some electric cars can do most of the ordinary aspects of driving.Those vehicles’ AI systems collect data from the cameras,identify obstacles,lanes,intersections and traffic lights and decide what action to take,whether moving skillfully into an awkward parking spot or overtaking a slow lorry.But self-driving cars know only how to deal with situations they have seen before and an ongoing challenge is how to equip them for rare and unexpected events.
4:30 pm　Your phone rings with a message from your Shopping APP’s Ring doorbell—a package has been delivered to your doorstep
Last year,about one in five households in the UK reported having an AI-based home security system.Shopping Apps’ Ring uses a motion-activated camera,heat sensor and radar and uses computer vision software to make users different when a person,or a package,is outside their property.Humans have a heavy heat signature and with the radar,the object moving in 3D spaces can be detected.
9:30 pm　You scroll (滚动) through a newspaper article that contains a special ad
As you read news articles,scroll through social media,make Internet searches and buy things online,you leave a trail of clues about who you are,what you might want to spend your money on—that is incredibly valuable for digital advertisers.AI can sift (筛) these data for insights into your age,gender,lifestyle,income and your hobbies.This allows companies to serve up specific,targeted adverts that pop up as you scroll through a news article.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要通过四个时间点做的事情,来说明人工智能进入了我们生活的方方面面。
(　　)1.Which of the following is the disadvantage of electric cars
A.Tendency to cut in line.
B.Speeding on the lane.
C.Uncontrolled parking areas.
D.Lack of information about emergencies.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But self-driving cars know only how to deal with situations they have seen before and an ongoing challenge is how to equip them for rare and unexpected events.”可知,缺乏关于紧急情况的信息是电动汽车的缺点。故选D。
(　　)2.What can we learn about AI from the text
A.Smartphones’ Face ID may change your facial features.
B.Self-driving vehicles can replace human drivers.
C.About 20% of English homes adopt Shopping Apps’ Ring.
D.AI can work out your personal online preference.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“AI can sift (筛) these data for insights into your age,gender,lifestyle,income and your hobbies.”可知,人工智能可以计算出你的个人上网偏好。故选D。
(　　)3.What information does the passage convey
A.We will live a better life with AI.
B.AI enters many aspects of our life.
C.The smartphone is a necessity for us.
D.Personal information is no longer secure.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。文章主要通过四个时间点做的事情,来说明人工智能进入了我们生活的方方面面。由此可推知,文章所传递的信息是人工智能进入我们生活的许多方面。故选B。
B
(2025·湖北高三模拟)
There has been growing concern about “digital dementia”—the idea that excessive reliance on smartphones and the Internet harms cognitive (认知的) abilities.However,research suggests that for adults aged 50 and above,these technologies may actually have the opposite effect.A comprehensive analysis found that those who frequently used smartphones,computers,and the Internet were less likely to experience cognitive decline compared to those who used them less.
Jared Benge of University of Texas at Austin and his team studied the daily use of digital technologies among adults aged 50 and above.Most of the studies were conducted in Europe or North America,but there were studies from other regions,says Benge.“The effects seem to be fairly consistent.”
There are three key mechanisms that explain this effect,says Benge.First,digital activities are more cognitively engaging than passive ones like watching TV.Second,digital technology strengthens social connections,for instance,video calls.Third,digital tools like navigation applications help older adults maintain independence,ensuring they don’t get lost even if their way-finding abilities decline,for example.
The main weakness is that the studies in the analysis relied on people self-reporting how much they used smartphones,computers or the Internet.In the future,technologies such as screen-time monitoring can provide objective measures.Benge also points out that people in these studies didn’t gain access to smartphones or Internet when they were children.“Does this play out for digital natives This is a snapshot that’s encouraging,but the story is not done being told.”
While the results of the meta-analysis are inconclusive,they suggest that long-term technology use can be beneficial to the brain and cognition,says neuroscientist Dean Burnett.“This clearly challenges the common quick judgment that ‘technology is always bad’ in terms of brain and mental health.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现50岁以上的人经常使用智能手机、电脑和互联网等数字技术,可能有助于减缓认知衰退。
(　　)4.What is the main finding of the research
A.Smartphone use leads to memory loss in seniors.
B.Internet browsing prevents all forms of dementia.
C.Regular tech use shows cognitive benefits for the elderly.
D.Video games are better than social media for brain health.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,这项研究的主要发现是经常使用科技产品对老年人的认知能力有好处。故选C。
(　　)5.What is the main focus of the research
A.Social media habits in teenagers.
B.Daily use of digital technologies.
C.Digital programmes for brain training.
D.Digital activities in western countries.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,该研究的焦点是数字技术的日常使用。故选B。
(　　)6.How might digital technology help older adults stay independent according to Benge
A.By encouraging more self-reporting.
B.By giving directions and locations.
C.By discouraging social interactions.
D.By doing all their daily tasks automatically.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,数字技术通过提供方向和位置信息帮助老年人维持独立。故选B。
(　　)7.What is Dean Burnett’s attitude towards the research findings
A.Dismissive. B.Uncertain.
C.Supportive. D.Critical.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Dean Burnett认为该研究结果挑战了传统的观点,认为长期使用技术可能对大脑和认知有益。由此可推知,他对研究发现持支持态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
We already know the fact 1.　　　　 mobile phones have changed the way we live.They have a significant effect on how we read,work,communicate,and shop.People in modern times count on the tiny machines heavily,2.　　　　 (carry) them whenever and wherever.
However,there is still something 3.　　　　 (known) to us.What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons.4.　　　　 (possible),they change not just the way we behave but even 5.　　　　 very shape of our bodies.New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland,Australia suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads.These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend 6.　　　　 (they) heads when they use the phone.This shifts 7.　　　　 (weigh) onto the muscles at the back of the head 8.　　　　 causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal.This process can 9.　　　　 (compare) to the way the skin hardens in response 10.　　　　 constant rubbing or pressure.The result is a piece of bone like a horn that sticks out from the head by the neck.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了智能手机如何改变了我们的生活方式,以及这种改变对骨骼的影响。
1.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查同位语从句。分析句子可知,“　　　　 mobile phones have changed the way we live”是对名词fact内容的说明,是同位语从句,从句句意完整,不缺成分。故填that。
2.【答案】 carrying
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,carry是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语。故填carrying。
3.【答案】 unknown
【解析】 考查形容词。提示词作后置定语修饰something,结合句意可知,应用反义形容词unknown。故填unknown。
4.【答案】 Possibly
【解析】 考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Possibly。
5.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,very在此处是形容词,常与定冠词the搭配,表示特指。故填the。
6.【答案】 their
【解析】 考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
7.【答案】 weight
【解析】 考查名词。分析句子可知,空处作宾语,应用提示词的名词形式。故填weight。
8.【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。分析句子可知,causes和shifts是并列谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
9.【答案】 be compared
【解析】 考查动词语态。分析句子可知,提示词compare在此处作谓语动词,与主语this process之间是被动关系,情态动词can后的谓语动词用原形。故填be compared。
10.【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。固定短语in response to意为“作为对……的回应”。故填to。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·湖北黄冈联考)
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Our Smart Home Project is designed to redefine the way you live by applying cutting-edge technology in your everyday life.Experience unparalleled convenience,security,and comfort with our state-of-the-art smart home solutions.
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·Our smart thermostats learn your preferences and adjust the temperature automatically based on your daily routine and weather conditions.Say goodbye to manual adjustments and enjoy a perfectly comfortable environment at all times.
2.Advanced Security System
·Equipped with AI-powered cameras,motion sensors,and facial recognition technology,our security system ensures your home is always protected.Receive real-time alerts on your smartphone if any unusual activity is detected.
3.Voice-Activated Home Automation
·Control everything from lighting to appliances using voice commands.Through seamless integration with some popular virtual assistants,you can manage your home effortlessly.
4.Energy Efficiency
·Our smart home technology is designed to optimise energy consumption.Smart meters monitor your energy usage and provide detailed reports,cutting down your daily expenses and reducing your carbon footprints.
Location and Accessibility
Our Smart Home Project is located in the heart of the city,with easy access to public transportation,top-rated schools,and world-class amenities.The area is known for its vibrant community and eco-friendly environment.
Pricing and Availability
Our smart homes are available in various sizes and configurations to suit your lifestyle.Prices start from $ 6,500.For more information,visit our website or contact our sales team at 1-800-123-4567.
Join the Future of Living Today!
Don’t miss this opportunity to experience the future of home living.Book your visit to our smart home showcase today and discover how technology can enhance your everyday life.
【语篇导读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了智能家居项目的特点与服务项目。
(　　)1.What is the main purpose of the Smart Home Project
A.To provide affordable housing options.
B.To promote environment-friendly lifestyle.
C.To offer better security solutions for residents.
D.To integrate advanced technology into daily life.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中的“Our Smart Home Project ...in your everyday life.”可知,本文主要介绍智能家居项目如何通过先进技术提升日常生活体验。因此,主要目的是将先进技术融入日常生活中。故选D。
(　　)2.What is the main advantage of the smart home’s energy efficiency feature
A.It reduces the carbon footprints of the home.
B.It provides detailed energy usage reports.
C.It helps save costs and reduce environmental impact.
D.It allows for manual control of energy consumption.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据4.Energy Efficiency部分的内容可知,智能家居旨在优化能源消耗,通过智能计量表监控能源使用并提供详细报告,帮助用户节省成本并减少碳排放。因此,主要优势是节省成本和减少对环境的影响。故选C。
(　　)3.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A business report.
B.An advertisement.
C.An amusing project.
D.A high-technology workshop.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章通过功能介绍、优势强调、价格说明及“Join the Future of Living Today!”等号召性语句,呈现出典型的广告文体特征。故选B。
B
The motivation for his invention came to Aarrav Anil last year when he saw his uncle Arjun,who has Parkinson’s disease,struggle to eat.Some food spilled (溢出) out of his mouth,the rest splattered (溅) on his clothes.Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him.
The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav,17,from Bengaluru, south India,to turn to robotics.He locked himself in his room with microcontrollers,sensors, motors,and a 3D printer.What emerged was a prototype (原型) of a smart spoon that is now undergoing trials at one college of physiotherapy in Bengaluru.
The sensors in the battery-operated spoon detect shaking on one side and activate movement on the other,effectively cancelling out shaking to keep the spoon stable.
“I’ve been fine tuning the design based on the college’s feedback—that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside;that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork,” Aarrav says.
For Aarrav it was the peak of a 10-year interest in mechanics that began when his mother bought him a Lego set.He has now represented India at more than 20 robotics competitions across the world.
When the blueprint for the smart spoon won first prize in the future innovators category at last year’s World Robot Olympiad in Germany,Aarrav felt encouraged to make the prototype.
More than 7 million people in India are estimated to have Parkinson’s disease,a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged and which mainly affects people over the age of 50.Symptoms (症状) include involuntary shaking and stiff muscles.As the disease progresses,eating can become more difficult,forcing people to rely on help from others.
Aarrav’s ambition is that every family that has someone with Parkinson’s will have the smart spoon.He says his uncle Arjun’s words keep echoing (回响) in his mind: “Who would have thought such a small thing could mean the difference between dignity and indignity ”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Aarrav发明智能勺子的原因和过程。
(　　)4.What can Aarrav’s invention help people with Parkinson’s do
A.Control their physical balance.
B.Boost their mood and relieve stress.
C.Maintain a good range of movement.
D.Feed themselves more independently.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Arjun attempted to keep his dignity but the frustration forced him to give up and call his helper to feed him.”和第二段中的“The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav,17,from Bengaluru,south India,to turn to robotics.”可知,Aarrav的发明能帮助帕金森氏症患者更独立地自己进食。故选D。
(　　)5.What does the underlined part “fine tuning” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Overturning.
B.Reconsidering.
C.Conducting a study of.
D.Making minor changes to.
【答案】 D
【解析】 短语猜测题。根据文章画线短语后“the design based on the college’s feedback—that it needs to be waterproof so that it can be washed without damaging all the electronics inside; that it must be removable so it can be cleaned and replaced by a fork”可知,Aarrav根据学院的反馈对智能勺子进行调整,所以画线短语的意思是“调整”,与D项“对……进行微小更改”最相近。故
选D。
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Parkinson’s in India
A.To show prospects of Aarrav’s invention.
B.To reveal the nation’s poor health situation.
C.To popularise general knowledge of the disease.
D.To convince people to volunteer for social causes.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“More than 7 million people in India are estimated to have Parkinson’s disease,a condition in which parts of the brain become progressively damaged and which mainly affects people over the age of 50.”可知,作者提到印度帕金森氏症的目的是展示Aarrav发明的前景。故选A。
(　　)7.What can be learnt about Aarrav from the passage
A.He enjoys being alone.
B.He has an innovative mind.
C.He used to be a health worker.
D.He longed to be a businessman.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The sight of his uncle’s shaking the spoon so violently inspired Aarrav...What emerged was a prototype (原型) of a smart spoon that is now undergoing trials at one college of physiotherapy in Bengaluru.”和第五段“For Aarrav it was the peak of a 10-year interest in mechanics that began when his mother bought him a Lego set.He has now represented India at more than 20 robotics competitions across the world.”可知,Aarrav有创新的头脑。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In the middle of 2023,a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology.For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 　1　 to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language,using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology.This is the closest science that has yet come to 　2　 someone’s mind.
Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.　3　 this ability gives patients greater control over their lives.But it could also give other entities,such as corporations, researchers and other third parties,a(n) 　4　 degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients.The NeuroRights Foundation,based at Columbia University in New York,argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be 　5　 for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will.The potential 　6　 of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.
　7　 this approach,Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology.It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental
　8　,but was also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neuro data,and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices,even those intended for the general consumer.
The proposed legislation recognises the intensely 　9　 nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues,which cannot be bought or sold,only donated.But this legislation has also faced 　10　,with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.
While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and　11　 to date,other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnology.
And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical,future　12　 are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes.The growing 　13　 of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.
Different people,societies,and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line.We are at a(n)
　14　 stage of technological development.And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider its implications for legal action becomes more 　15　.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了得克萨斯大学HuthLab进行的一项研究在神经科学和技术领域引发了冲击波。恢复无法与外界交流的病人的交流能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活,但它也可以让其他实体在某种程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活,因此,随着脑科学的更多开发,考虑神经技术的应用对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。
[语篇脉络]
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
(　　)1.A.eager B.ready
C.unwilling D.unable
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后“were translated into continuous natural language”和下文“Losing the ability to communicate”可知,空处修饰people,此处表示一些人无法(unable)与外界交流,他们的想法和印象被翻译成连续的自然语言。故选D。
(　　)2.A.clearing B.occupying
C.changing D.reading
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“For the first time,the thoughts and impressions of people 　1　 to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language”可知,无法与外界交流的人的想法和印象被翻译成连续的自然语言,这是一种解读(reading)大脑思维的方法。故选D。
(　　)3.A.Reducing B.Restricting
C.Restoring D.Requiring
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“gives patients greater control over their lives”及上文“Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sense of self.”可知,有的人无法交流,恢复(restoring)这种能力能让病人更好地掌控生活。故选C。
(　　)4.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable
C.negligible D.supportive
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“But it could also give other entities,such as corporations,researchers and other third parties”及“degree of insight into,or even control over,the lives of patients”可知,解读大脑虽然可以给病人带来好处,但是也会在让他们不舒适的(uncomfortable)程度上控制他们的生活。故选B。
(　　)5.A.needed B.limited
C.controlled D.denied
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be”及下文“for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will”可知,需要(needed)围绕神经技术赋予新的权利,以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。故选A。
(　　)6.A.application B.weakness
C.impact D.significance
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem”可知,残疾患者是弱者,有着交流上的潜在弱点(weakness),所以需要新的权利才能保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志,这是十分重要的问题。故选B。
(　　)7.A.In comparison with B.In line with
C.At the conclusion of D.At the cost of
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“that new rights surrounding neurotechnology will be 　5　 for all humans to preserve their privacy,identity,and free will”及下文“Chile was the first country that adopted legislation,drafting new laws,to address the risks of neurotechnology”可知,智利的做法与上文提及的方法一致(In line with)。故选B。
(　　)8.A.integrity B.condition
C.disorder D.function
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“　3　 this ability gives patients greater control over their lives.”及空后法案内容可知,该法案与上文方法一致,不仅引入了精神健全(integrity)的新宪法权利,还保障了数据安全性。故选A。
(　　)9.A.group B.general
C.physical D.personal
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“which cannot be bought or sold,only donated”可知,该立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人(personal)性质,不能买卖,只能捐赠。故选D。
(　　)10.A.interaction B.chance
C.criticism D.defence
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients”可知,该立法也接受了法律学者的批评(criticism)。故选C。
(　　)11.A.far-reaching B.labour-saving
C.short-sighted D.ill-timed
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“the most impactful”可知,空处与形容词impactful并列,表示“影响深远的(far-reaching)”,情感色彩一致。故选A。
(　　)12.A.advances B.arrangements
C.requirements D.policies
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes”可知,此处表示这项技术的未来发展(advances)。故选A。
(　　)13.A.confidence B.availability
C.membership D.movement
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文“future 　12　 are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment,as well as for military and security purposes”可知,越多地普及该技术的可用性(availability),就会引起更多法律问题。故选B。
(　　)14.A.mature B.initial
C.different D.final
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science”可知,我们正处于技术发展的初级(initial)阶段。故选B。
(　　)15.A.diversified B.genuine
C.pressing D.special
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“And as we begin to uncover the great potential of brain science,the need to consider its implications for legal action becomes more”可知,脑科学发展越多,其中涉及的个人信息数据安全就越多,考虑法律影响就越迫切(pressing)。故选C。

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