资源简介

UNIT 2　SUCCESS
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Everyone knows what makes a good story.Our heroes start their journey as flawed human beings.In scene after scene,they face challenges that push them down new paths.By the end of the tale,they overcome setbacks and become better persons in the process.
We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment.Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health.Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health.Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.
McAdams invited 14- and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success.Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better.Eight weeks later,members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.
Exciting as these results are,some experts sound a few notes of caution.They worry that, hearing about the power of self-narratives,many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life.If they can’t,they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.
Clearly,self-narratives aren’t the panacea.Nevertheless,if you hope for self-improvement,you can use the findings to good effect.By recognising ourselves as the hero at the centre of our own struggles,we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better.
(　　)1.What does the research focus on
A.The causes of stress.
B.The principles of narrative.
C.The connection between struggle and well-being.
D.The link between mental health and self-narratives.
(　　)2.Why is the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To give proof.
B.To make predictions.
C.To draw a conclusion.
D.To make comparisons.
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to
A.Attempt to get rid of worries.
B.Means of recognising yourself.
C.Solution to adolescent problems.
D.Guarantee to become better people.
B
　　Orange chicken,sweet and sour pork,fried rice...Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him.For a native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China,the cuisine is far from authentic,but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences.
What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (歪曲).Quite a few Westerners recognise that particular type of fare as the whole of Chinese cuisine.
“They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine and how it varies,since many people forget how vast China is.It is a country that has deserts from one side,jungles and seas from the other side.Each area has its unique style of cooking,” he says.
Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.“Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture,” he says.
Sometimes,his British friends would join to help.“And quite often,they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine.They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today.“So,I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.”
Interestingly,when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton,England from Beijing,copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”,as he puts it,because he was never super into cooking.At the time,the videos centred more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture,including movies,snacks,restaurants and more.
Looking ahead,Burns has some plans in mind.“I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV.Also,I would love to have my own restaurant in the future.That’s definitely going to happen.”
(　　)4.When did Max Burns return to Brighton,England according to the passage
A.At age 13. B.At age 14.
C.At age 16. D.At age 21.
(　　)5.How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisine
A.Treat them to Chinese dishes.
B.Write reports on Chinese cuisine.
C.Cook Chinese dishes for them in person.
D.Display authentic Chinese cuisine on vlogs.
(　　)6.What is Paragraph 5 of the passage mainly about
A.Burns’s ambitions. B.Burns’s achievements.
C.Burns’s adventures. D.Burns’s subscribers.
(　　)7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage
A.An Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine
B.An Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change
C.Chinese Cuisine Have to Cater to Westerners
D.Chinese Cuisine Have Been Around the World
C
(2025·八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order,walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions,because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side,to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,work, and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels,engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: Shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
(　　)8.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A.Efficient public transport.
B.Strong interaction between people.
C.Uniform style of buildings.
D.A comparatively large population.
(　　)9.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A.Local residents. B.Government officials.
C.City planners. D.Construction workers.
(　　)10.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A.Lined with plants. B.Painted with clear signs.
C.Tightly connected. D.Convenient for the old.
(　　)11.According to Jacobs,the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of 　　　.
A.pride B.comfort
C.security D.urgency
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京绢人).In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1.　　　　 entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost2.　　　　 (basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 3.　　　　 (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4.　　　　 they needed: finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 5.　　　　 (adaptation) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the 6.　　　　 (origin) one.However,7.　　　　 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 8.　　　　 the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 9.　　　　 (call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 10.　　　　 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·贵州二模)
To date,artificial repellents (驱虫剂) have been the best way to keep mosquitoes away. However,they can cause a range of health problems,which has led many to search for alternatives. The compounds responsible for nice smell of lavender (薰衣草),known as essential oils,have long been shown to drive away mosquitoes.
In a paper in the Journal of Pest Science,Zeeshan Tariq and Wang Xiaoqin at Soochow University in China use their background as textile engineers to turn the oils into long-lasting mosquito-repellent cloth that can be fashioned into outerwear.
The researchers created a solution (溶液) of Silk Fibroin and gum Arabic,a substance used to help the materials form into stable structures.The solution was stirred continuously at warm temperatures as lavender oil and water were added.Under these conditions,the Silk Fibroin and gum Arabic formed into tiny oil-containing capsules.When the solution was cooled,the stirring stopped and other important ingredients were added,the capsules sank to the bottom for collection.
They then tied thousands of these capsules to pieces of cotton cloth.Keen to see if the cloth would drive mosquitoes away,Dr Tariq and Dr Wang turned it into arm-length gloves.Then three volunteers repeatedly put gloved arms into containers full of starving mosquitoes for five minutes at a time.The researchers noted how many of the mosquitoes landed on the volunteers’ arms during each trial.As a control,each volunteer was also asked to wear a glove with no lavender capsules.It’s reported that an average of 15 mosquitoes landed on each control glove,the average landing on each scented (有香味的) arm was less than one.
The researchers were also eager to test how well the cloth held up in the wash.They,therefore, threw the gloves into ordinary washing machines and repeated the trials.Even after 40 washes,an average of only 2.5 mosquitoes landed on the 15% gloves during trials.Success has rarely smelled sweeter.
(　　)1.What makes lavender oil an alternative to artificial repellents
A.Smell. B.Safety.
C.Color. D.Cost.
(　　)2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The formation of lavender oil capsules.
B.The test of the specially designed cloth.
C.The collection of oil-containing capsules.
D.The benefits of Silk Fibroin and gum Arabic.
(　　)3.What does the underlined phrase “control glove” refer to
A.A glove with mosquitoes in it.
B.A glove controlling mosquitoes.
C.A glove giving off lavender scent.
D.A glove without lavender capsules.
(　　)4.How does the author feel about the experiment
A.Critical. B.Concerned.
C.Satisfied. D.Skeptical.
B
　　My dad doesn’t seem like the kind of guy who would bake great bread,but he is and he does.Every Saturday he produces homemade bread.When he’s finished,the whole house smells delicious.
The rest of the week,Dad works as a mechanic (机修工).The car repair shop where Dad works is running so well that he is always busy.He is under a lot of stress.I think Dad began baking bread to help him relax.
I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I failed to join the school swim team.Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to try out again.Besides,I’m taking some difficult classes this year.
I think Dad knew I was feeling bad.Last Saturday he asked me how things were going.I said OK,even though I didn’t feel OK at all.He looked at me for a moment,and then he said it was time for me to help.Then he headed to the kitchen.
I followed right behind him.Once we were there,Dad got out his big mixing bowl,handed me a large wooden spoon,and told me to mix while he added the ingredients (配料).Dad isn’t big on measuring.He knows how much of each ingredient to use,and the bread always turns out great.
When I had finished,Dad showed me how to knead the dough (揉面团).Next came the most difficult part—doing nothing.We put the dough back into the bowl and then we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly rise and double in size.Next,we divided it into two and waited for it to rise again.After that,we put the dough into pans (烤盘) and waited another hour for the dough to rise and double.
Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part.“Listen to me,Diana.It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the baking oven,but if you do,the bread will be hard.The most important lesson of all is learning to be patient,” Dad taught me more than how to bake bread.
(　　)5.What can we learn about the author’s father
A.He is living a relaxing life.
B.He tries his best to raise his family.
C.He has a special way to deal with stress.
D.He is more like a baker than a mechanic.
(　　)6.Why is the author feeling stressed
A.She couldn’t finish her homework.
B.She is tired of making bread.
C.Her school life isn’t satisfying.
D.She failed some difficult exams.
(　　)7.What does the underlined sentence “Dad isn’t big on measuring” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Dad needs me to measure.
B.Dad doesn’t like measuring the amount of ingredients.
C.Dad is careful about ingredients.
D.Dad is inexperienced in bread baking.
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.A Valuable Life Lesson B.Enjoyable Housework
C.Father’s Unique Way to Relax D.The Secret of Delicious Bread
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Five years ago,my husband and I bought a farm.
As we restored the land,I felt my well-being　1　.I thought the farm was also working its magic on our son.Since he was 20,he has lived with mental illness.Just when it couldn’t get any worse,an unexpected 　2　 occurred in my life.We 　3　 the farm.
It has taken a couple of years to 　4　 the land,seed the lawn and build garden beds.The farm was holding our 　5　 together.Before my son went to treatment,we planted a “guild” (同一目的协会) in the old farm to support the health of trees by grouping other helpful plants around them.We dug around the 　6　 trees and placed in garlic,wildflowers,etc.and the garden seemed to grow well.
We also learnt how to 　7　 others.Our workman worked steadily and helped when I asked.Asking for help is a principle in the recovery community,a lesson my son is 　8　.The desire to recover this land has 　9　 in me.I have seen this 　10　 towards restoration in my son as well.It truly does take a village to rebuild a farm and a(n)　11　.And my son has found his own kind of guild that 　12　 him.
Owning a farm was never our　13　,but it came when our family needed a　14　 project.Digging is an act of faith,hope and 　15　 of what will appear next.
(　　)1.A.disappearing B.lasting C.returning D.crashing
(　　)2.A.song B.light C.shadow D.storm
(　　)3.A.secured B.found C.explored D.repaired
(　　)4.A.clear B.remove C.shelter D.access
(　　)5.A.patients B.friends C.staff D.family
(　　)6.A.weaker B.older C.taller D.smaller
(　　)7.A.respond to B.appeal to C.concentrate on D.depend on
(　　)8.A.preparing B.selecting C.processing D.learning
(　　)9.A.grown B.changed C.faded D.remained
(　　)10.A.gratitude B.contribution C.responsibility D.drive
(　　)11.A.house B.life C.organisation D.career
(　　)12.A.supports B.impresses C.recognises D.persuades
(　　)13.A.destination B.plan C.adventure D.belief
(　　)14.A.familiar B.flexible C.meaningful D.tough
(　　)15.A.prediction B.admiration C.expectation D.evaluation选择性必修　第一册
UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Lord Norman Foster,renowned as one of the world’s foremost architects,has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings.“What we’ve done is create a sense of identify drawn from real needs,” Foster said.“It’s not a fashionable idea,but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong.Now, he’s set his sights on Qatar.
Reaching a height of 301 metres,Foster’s Lusail Towers claim the title of Qatar’s tallest buildings.Lusail Towers serve as a centre for Qatar’s financial institutions,with four distinctive blocks,two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories.
But the construction itself wasn’t all plain sailing.To address the unique challenges presented by Qatar’s hot climate,Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—part of what Foster called a decades-long quest to “reinvent the tall building”.The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风),while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine-grade” aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings,protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍),which not only optimise views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all-glass towers.
While the towers are ready to become a recognisable landmark for Lusail,Foster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface.It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan”.They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront (滨水区) to the nearby football stadium.According to Foster,the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.
(　　)1.According to Foster’s concept,what should tall buildings be like
A.Renowned. B.Identical.
C.Fashionable. D.Practical.
(　　)2.What can we learn about the Lusail Towers
A.They function as a global financial centre.
B.They are Qatar’s tallest buildings.
C.They are Foster’s most renowned iconic masterpiece.
D.They have four blocks with the same style and height.
(　　)3.What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar’s hot climate
A.Coating the tower with an unconventional material.
B.Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
C.Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum.
D.Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation.
(　　)4.What’s the goal of “low-scale master plan”
A.To link the waterfront to the football stadium.
B.To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens.
C.To offer a dynamic public space for the future.
D.To connect a subway line and a commercial avenue.
B
　　Many years ago,a 14-year-old boy from Kasungu district in Malawi was forced to drop out of school for lack of fees.At the same time,a severe famine was destroying his village,claiming people’s lives and leaving desperation in its wake.
This was a situation to break the strongest of minds but William Kamkwamba did not give up.Young as he was,he knew that education was where his future lay.He found hope in the library and feasted on the knowledge that he harvested from its books.It was there that he came across a science textbook entitled Using Energy.He learnt that he could generate electricity using wind.The youngster realised that,if mastered,this power could help his village in exceptional ways.
Armed with determination and an iron will,the teenager set out to build a windmill out of random materials from a scrapyard (垃圾场).Though his outside world was collapsing to dust,the youngster did not hesitate about his purpose.He defended himself from all doubt and criticism.He worked tirelessly until his dream of bringing electricity to his village became reality.Soon,he was caught in the centre of media attention that took him to new places that he would never have stepped on without his invention.
In his village,the dust has not settled yet and the winds of change continue to blow across the land.Windmills pump water to irrigate crops,sweeping away another period of hunger.William’s former primary school boasts new and stronger buildings,thanks to the help of well-wishers and the villagers’ united efforts.
What seemed like a hopeless situation has been turned into an inspirational story that motivates each and every one of us,persuading us that no misfortune is set in stone.William refused to be a school drop-out forever.He sought solutions for his problems and continued fighting even when the going got tough.He was able to rise above poverty to become a graduate from one of America’s best universities,Dartmouth College.
(　　)5.What inspired William to bring electricity to his village
A.His realisation of the impact of electricity.
B.His awareness of the role of education.
C.The science textbook entitled Using Energy.
D.The severe famine destroying his village.
(　　)6.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.All people didn’t support William’s dream at first.
B.The public had little interest in William’s invention.
C.The invention enabled William to make a big fortune.
D.The windmill is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
(　　)7.What do the underlined words “set in stone” in the last paragraph mean
A.Visible. 　B.Avoidable.
C.Unchangeable. 　D.Unpredictable.
(　　)8.What message does the author want to convey in this story
A.Knowledge feasts mind and education promises wealth.
B.Necessity inspires invention and hardship makes heroes.
C.Criticism promotes success and doubt facilitates creation.
D.Adversity motivates inspiration and support pushes solutions.
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　There is argument over the term hanfu,as some scholars prefer huafu:“Hua” represents the Chinese nation,all 56 of its ethnic (民族的) groups 1. 　　　　 (include).However,since the Han Dynasty,the Han nationality has always been the dominant ethnic group in China.2. 　　　　 (basic),people refer to ancient Chinese clothing as hanfu.
To the 3. 　　　　 (train) eye,hanfu,the Japanese kimono and the Korean hanbok may look alike.However,each has distinctive design elements,historical 4. 　　　　 (origin),and cultural significance unique 5. 　　　　 their respective countries.Here are some of the unique features of the special type of clothes.
Ancient Chinese clothing was very lightweight.People tend to believe 6. 　　　　 ancient Chinese clothing was bulky and heavy.Although some garments (衣服) were indeed complicated and layered,many traditional clothes,especially 7. 　　　　 made of silk,were designed to be lightweight and comfortable.
Putting on hanfu with proper ceremony was important in ancient Chinese society,as it was a way 8. 　　　　 (distinguish) social roles.At that time,rules on how to wear,fold,and tie garments 9. 　　　　 (follow) carefully to project an image of grace,modesty,and respect.Today, some of the flowers of the hanfu revival movement adopt 10. 　　　　 same principles.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
　　People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts,according to new Cornell University research that is the first to examine perceptions of our personalities based on online activity.
An analysis of online status updates found great difference between how viewers saw the authors across a range of personality traits (个人特质),and the authors’ self-perceptions.
Viewers rated the Internet users as having lower self-esteem and being more self-revealing than the users rated themselves.Status updates containing photos,videos or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate assessments than those with just text,the researchers found.
Overall,the study illustrates the dynamic process by which a cyber audience tries to make sense of who we are from isolated fragments (碎片) of shared information,jointly constructing our digital identity.
“The impression people form about us on social media based on what we post can differ from the way we view ourselves,” said Wang,professor of psychology and director of the Culture & Cognition Lab.“A mismatch between who we are and how people perceive us could influence our ability to feel connected online and the benefits of engaging in social media interaction.”
The Cornell researchers believe their study is the first to investigate audience perceptions of social media users through their posts.On platforms,users often share fragmentary personal narratives while interacting with “friends” they may know only a little or sometimes not at all.
Wang said the findings could help developers design interfaces (界面) that allow people to express themselves most authentically.
“If people’s view of us is very different from who we actually are,or how we would like to be perceived,” Wang said,“it could harm our social life and well-being.”
(　　)1.What may your online posts lead to according to the research
A.Dynamic digital identity. B.Viewers’ misjudgment of you.
C.Less social media interaction. D.Limited social perception.
(　　)2.Which of the following will least reveal your personality
A.A link with text. B.A pure video post.
C.A plain text post. D.A text post with photos.
(　　)3.Why is a viewer’s perception of an author different from the author’s own
A.The author facilitates status updates.
B.The author constructs the personal traits.
C.The viewer rates the frequency of the posts.
D.The viewer assesses partial shared information.
(　　)4.What does Wang think of the result of the research
A.Harmful. B.Meaningless.
C.Useful. D.Unpractical.
B
　　You probably know that sunshine affects your mental and physical health.New research shows it may also affect your appetite—but only if you’re male.
That finding surprised Carmit Levy,who had been studying how ultraviolet-B (UV-B)rays affect the skin of mice.The sun’s UV-B rays are the main cause of sunburns and skin changes that can lead to cancer.Levy exposed mice to these rays for a few weeks.The dose was so weak that it didn’t cause any redness.But Levy noticed changes in the animals’ fat tissue.Part of the mice also became heavier.
Levy ordered new mice to look into these unexpected changes.The new group included a mix of males and females.She found that UV-B exposure enhanced the appetite of male mice—but not females.The males also worked harder to get food that was difficult to reach.Something was really motivating them to eat more.
She wondered whether sunlight might have a similar effect on people.To find it out,she gathered volunteers for two studies.Both suggested that men and women may respond differently to UV-B.But the number of volunteers in these tests was too small to be persuasive.
Fortunately,Levy’s colleague Andrews had access to data from almost 3,000 people.They’d all participated in Israel’s first nutrition survey,some 20 years before.These data showed that 1,330 of the surveyed men consumed more food in summer months.From March to September,they tended to down about 2,188 daily calories.They averaged only about 1,875 calories from October to February.The 1,661 women in this study consumed about 1,500 calories per day all year long.
Longer days in summer give males of many species more time to hunt and provide for their families.Consuming more food would give them the energy to do just that.In human evolution, UV-B might have motivated our male ancestors to hunt more to help their communities survive.
(　　)5.Where is the passage most probably taken from
A.A textbook on biology. B.An abstract of a food journal.
C.A review of medical research. D.An essay from the science website.
(　　)6.What happened to the mice after weeks’ exposure to UV-B rays
A.Their fat tissue decreased. B.Some of them gained weight.
C.Their skin became reddened. D.Some of them developed cancer.
(　　)7.What did Levy do when she found her studies weren’t convincing enough
A.She gathered more volunteers.
B.She set out to conduct more tests.
C.She invited more scientists to join her.
D.She turned to some previous research data.
(　　)8.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.Advantages of males of many species over females.
B.Reasons why males of many species prefer summer.
C.Benefits of UV-B exposure to males of many species.
D.Effects of sunlight on the health of males of many species.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　One day,hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm.With the conditions making it 　1　 for rescue workers to help,many were trapped overnight with no access to 　2　.
But one stuck driver found a 　3　 spot in the despair.As she was sitting in her car fearing the 　4　,Casey Holihan and her husband,John Noe,　5　 a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam.Willing to try just about anything,they called the customer service number listed on the back of the truck and left a 　6　 begging for the driver to open the back and 　7　 bread to the hungry passengers around them.It was a last-ditch effort,and the couple wasn’t very 　8　 about getting a response.But to their 　9　,they soon received a phone call from the company’s owner,Chuck Paterakis,with the news that he was 　10　 the truck’s driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo.Overjoyed by the news,Holihan and Noe 　11　 the truck’s driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.
The simple loaves of bread were surely a ray of 　12　 in an impossibly disturbing situation.Holihan herself calls it “one of the 　13　moments” she’s ever witnessed.This company could have made a 　14　 from the bread but instead chose to help the people around them.That is just so incredible that someone chose 　15　 over profit,especially in a situation where people were so desperate.
(　　)1.A.stressful B.effortless C.practical D.difficult
(　　)2.A.water B.necessities C.bread D.blankets
(　　)3.A.new B.familiar C.bright D.strange
(　　)4.A.least B.best C.most D.worst
(　　)5.A.spotted B.realised C.stared D.knew
(　　)6.A.number B.message C.note D.clue
(　　)7.A.lend B.sell C.distribute D.send
(　　)8.A.upset B.optimistic C.excited D.anxious
(　　)9.A.relief B.regret C.surprise D.credit
(　　)10.A.consulting B.guiding C.begging D.instructing
(　　)11.A.kept up with B.teamed up with C.met up with D.put up with
(　　)12.A.hope B.truth C.inspiration D.faith
(　　)13.A.happiest B.bravest C.kindest D.friendliest
(　　)14.A.profit B.difference C.living D.contribution
(　　)15.A.welfare B.fame C.award D.humanity选择性必修　第一册
UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Lord Norman Foster,renowned as one of the world’s foremost architects,has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings.“What we’ve done is create a sense of identify drawn from real needs,” Foster said.“It’s not a fashionable idea,but generated from the realities we were in.” His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong.Now,he’s set his sights on Qatar.
Reaching a height of 301 metres,Foster’s Lusail Towers claim the title of Qatar’s tallest buildings.Lusail Towers serve as a centre for Qatar’s financial institutions,with four distinctive blocks,two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories.
But the construction itself wasn’t all plain sailing.To address the unique challenges presented by Qatar’s hot climate,Foster’s team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—part of what Foster called a decades-long quest to “reinvent the tall building”.The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风),while the towers’ surfaces are coated with “marine-grade”aluminum (铝) that wraps around the buildings,protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.Central to the project are special shading fins (鳍),which not only optimise views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all-glass towers.
While the towers are ready to become a recognisable landmark for Lusail,Foster believes that a city’s skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface.It was crucial to integrate the towers into a “low-scale master plan”.They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront (滨水区) to the nearby football stadium.According to Foster,the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了建筑师诺曼·福斯特及他设计卡塔尔卢塞尔塔楼的背景和卢塞尔塔楼的建构特点。
(　　)1.According to Foster’s concept,what should tall buildings be like
A.Renowned. B.Identical.
C.Fashionable. D.Practical.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中福斯特所说内容可知,福斯特认为他们所做的是创造一种从实际需求中汲取的认同感,而这种认同感是从人们所处的现实中产生的。由此可推知,他强调的是建筑的实用性,而非主流时尚。故选D。
(　　)2.What can we learn about the Lusail Towers
A.They function as a global financial centre.
B.They are Qatar’s tallest buildings.
C.They are Foster’s most renowned iconic masterpiece.
D.They have four blocks with the same style and height.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Reaching a height of 301 metres...the title of Qatar’s tallest buildings.”可知,卢塞尔塔楼是卡塔尔最高的建筑。故选B。
(　　)3.What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar’s hot climate
A.Coating the tower with an unconventional material.
B.Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
C.Replacing the glass with “marine-grade” aluminum.
D.Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通风)...while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.”可知,在塔楼表面涂上非传统材料“海洋级”铝,把塔楼包裹起来,是应对卡塔尔炎热气候的办法。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s the goal of “low-scale master plan”
A.To link the waterfront to the football stadium.
B.To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens.
C.To offer a dynamic public space for the future.
D.To connect a subway line and a commercial avenue.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,福斯特认为小规模总体规划的目标是为未来提供一个充满活力的公共空间。故选C。
B
　　Many years ago,a 14-year-old boy from Kasungu district in Malawi was forced to drop out of school for lack of fees.At the same time,a severe famine was destroying his village,claiming people’s lives and leaving desperation in its wake.
This was a situation to break the strongest of minds but William Kamkwamba did not give up.Young as he was,he knew that education was where his future lay.He found hope in the library and feasted on the knowledge that he harvested from its books.It was there that he came across a science textbook entitled Using Energy.He learnt that he could generate electricity using wind.The youngster realised that,if mastered,this power could help his village in exceptional ways.
Armed with determination and an iron will,the teenager set out to build a windmill out of random materials from a scrapyard (垃圾场).Though his outside world was collapsing to dust,the youngster did not hesitate about his purpose.He defended himself from all doubt and criticism.He worked tirelessly until his dream of bringing electricity to his village became reality.Soon,he was caught in the centre of media attention that took him to new places that he would never have stepped on without his invention.
In his village,the dust has not settled yet and the winds of change continue to blow across the land.Windmills pump water to irrigate crops,sweeping away another period of hunger.William’s former primary school boasts new and stronger buildings,thanks to the help of well-wishers and the villagers’ united efforts.
What seemed like a hopeless situation has been turned into an inspirational story that motivates each and every one of us,persuading us that no misfortune is set in stone.William refused to be a school drop-out forever.He sought solutions for his problems and continued fighting even when the going got tough.He was able to rise above poverty to become a graduate from one of America’s best universities,Dartmouth College.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了少年William Kamkwamba利用从垃圾场找到的材料制造风车,把村里通电的梦想变为现实,并用风车抽水灌溉庄稼,缓解了当地的饥荒的故事。
(　　)5.What inspired William to bring electricity to his village
A.His realisation of the impact of electricity.
B.His awareness of the role of education.
C.The science textbook entitled Using Energy.
D.The severe famine destroying his village.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was there that he came across a science textbook entitled Using Energy...this power could help his village in exceptional ways.”可知,William从科学教科书《使用能源》中了解到可以利用风发电。由此可推知,《使用能源》这本书激励William把电带到他的村庄。故选C。
(　　)6.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.All people didn’t support William’s dream at first.
B.The public had little interest in William’s invention.
C.The invention enabled William to make a big fortune.
D.The windmill is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He defended himself from all doubt and criticism.”可知,起初并不是所有人都支持William的梦想。故选A。
(　　)7.What do the underlined words “set in stone” in the last paragraph mean
A.Visible. 　B.Avoidable.
C.Unchangeable. 　D.Unpredictable.
【答案】 C
【解析】 短语猜测题。根据画线短语上文内容以及下文“He sought solutions for his problems and continued fighting even when the going got tough.”可知,此处指一个看似绝望的情况已经变成了一个鼓舞人心的故事,没有什么不幸是一成不变的,故画线短语意思是“不变的”。故
选C。
(　　)8.What message does the author want to convey in this story
A.Knowledge feasts mind and education promises wealth.
B.Necessity inspires invention and hardship makes heroes.
C.Criticism promotes success and doubt facilitates creation.
D.Adversity motivates inspiration and support pushes solutions.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了少年William Kamkwamba利用从垃圾场找到的材料制造风车,把村里通电的梦想变为现实,并用风车抽水灌溉庄稼,缓解了当地的饥荒的故事,作者在这个故事中表达的是需求激发发明,苦难造就英雄的观点。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　There is argument over the term hanfu,as some scholars prefer huafu:“Hua” represents the Chinese nation,all 56 of its ethnic (民族的) groups 1. 　　　　 (include).However,since the Han Dynasty,the Han nationality has always been the dominant ethnic group in China.2. 　　　　 (basic),people refer to ancient Chinese clothing as hanfu.
To the 3. 　　　　 (train) eye,hanfu,the Japanese kimono and the Korean hanbok may look alike.However,each has distinctive design elements,historical 4. 　　　　 (origin),and cultural significance unique 5. 　　　　 their respective countries.Here are some of the unique features of the special type of clothes.
Ancient Chinese clothing was very lightweight.People tend to believe 6. 　　　　 ancient Chinese clothing was bulky and heavy.Although some garments (衣服) were indeed complicated and layered,many traditional clothes,especially 7. 　　　　 made of silk,were designed to be lightweight and comfortable.
Putting on hanfu with proper ceremony was important in ancient Chinese society,as it was a way 8. 　　　　 (distinguish) social roles.At that time,rules on how to wear,fold,and tie garments 9. 　　　　 (follow) carefully to project an image of grace,modesty,and respect. Today,some of the flowers of the hanfu revival movement adopt 10. 　　　　 same principles.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的汉服及其特征。
1.【答案】 included
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词include和被修饰的名词短语all 56 of its ethnic (民族的) groups是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动。故填included。
2.【答案】 Basically
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Basically。
3.【答案】 untrained
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子结构和意思可知,此处应用形容词untrained(未经训练的)作定语修饰名词eye。故填untrained。
4.【答案】 origins
【解析】 考查名词复数。分析句子结构和意思可知,origin是可数名词,在此处作宾语,要用复数形式表示泛指。故填origins。
5.【答案】 to
【解析】 考查固定短语。此处考查固定短语unique to,意为“唯一的,对……来说是独特的”。故填to。
6.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查宾语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,从句基本成分完整,上下文意思连贯,应用连词that引导。故填that。
7.【答案】 those
【解析】 考查代词。分析句子结构和意思可知,此处用代词those代替上文的复数名词clothes。故填those。
8.【答案】 to distinguish
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词way。固定短语a way to do sth意为“做某事的方式”。故填to distinguish。
9.【答案】 were followed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,At that time作时间状语,描述的是过去的事情,谓语用一般过去时,主语rules和动词follow是被动关系,用被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用were。故填were followed。
10.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查定冠词。the same是固定搭配,意为“相同的”。故填the。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
　　People may form inaccurate impressions about us from our social media posts,according to new Cornell University research that is the first to examine perceptions of our personalities based on online activity.
An analysis of online status updates found great difference between how viewers saw the authors across a range of personality traits (个人特质),and the authors’ self-perceptions.
Viewers rated the Internet users as having lower self-esteem and being more self-revealing than the users rated themselves.Status updates containing photos,videos or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate assessments than those with just text,the researchers found.
Overall,the study illustrates the dynamic process by which a cyber audience tries to make sense of who we are from isolated fragments (碎片) of shared information,jointly constructing our digital identity.
“The impression people form about us on social media based on what we post can differ from the way we view ourselves,” said Wang,professor of psychology and director of the Culture & Cognition Lab.“A mismatch between who we are and how people perceive us could influence our ability to feel connected online and the benefits of engaging in social media interaction.”
The Cornell researchers believe their study is the first to investigate audience perceptions of social media users through their posts.On platforms,users often share fragmentary personal narratives while interacting with “friends” they may know only a little or sometimes not at all.
Wang said the findings could help developers design interfaces (界面) that allow people to express themselves most authentically.
“If people’s view of us is very different from who we actually are,or how we would like to be perceived,” Wang said,“it could harm our social life and well-being.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了新研究发现人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象,这是首次根据网络帖子来调查人们对发帖人性格的看法。
(　　)1.What may your online posts lead to according to the research
A.Dynamic digital identity.
B.Viewers’ misjudgment of you.
C.Less social media interaction.
D.Limited social perception.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,你在网上的帖子可能会导致观看者对你形成错误的判断。故选B。
(　　)2.Which of the following will least reveal your personality
A.A link with text.
B.A pure video post.
C.A plain text post.
D.A text post with photos.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,研究人员发现,除了文本之外,包含照片、视频或链接的状态更新比只有文本的状态更新更有助于进行更准确地评估。由此可推知,纯文本帖子最不能透露个性。故选C。
(　　)3.Why is a viewer’s perception of an author different from the author’s own
A.The author facilitates status updates.
B.The author constructs the personal traits.
C.The viewer rates the frequency of the posts.
D.The viewer assesses partial shared information.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可推知,观看者对作者的认知与作者的自我认知不同是因为观看者是基于部分共享的信息来评估作者性格的。故选D。
(　　)4.What does Wang think of the result of the research
A.Harmful. B.Meaningless.
C.Useful. D.Unpractical.
【答案】 C
【解析】 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,王教授认为这些发现可以帮助开发人员设计出允许人们最真实地表达自己的界面。由此可推知,王教授认为这项研究的结果是有用的。故选C。
B
　　You probably know that sunshine affects your mental and physical health.New research shows it may also affect your appetite—but only if you’re male.
That finding surprised Carmit Levy,who had been studying how ultraviolet-B (UV-B)rays affect the skin of mice.The sun’s UV-B rays are the main cause of sunburns and skin changes that can lead to cancer.Levy exposed mice to these rays for a few weeks.The dose was so weak that it didn’t cause any redness.But Levy noticed changes in the animals’ fat tissue.Part of the mice also became heavier.
Levy ordered new mice to look into these unexpected changes.The new group included a mix of males and females.She found that UV-B exposure enhanced the appetite of male mice—but not females.The males also worked harder to get food that was difficult to reach.Something was really motivating them to eat more.
She wondered whether sunlight might have a similar effect on people.To find it out,she gathered volunteers for two studies.Both suggested that men and women may respond differently to UV-B.But the number of volunteers in these tests was too small to be persuasive.
Fortunately,Levy’s colleague Andrews had access to data from almost 3,000 people.They’d all participated in Israel’s first nutrition survey,some 20 years before.These data showed that 1,330 of the surveyed men consumed more food in summer months.From March to September,they tended to down about 2,188 daily calories.They averaged only about 1,875 calories from October to February.The 1,661 women in this study consumed about 1,500 calories per day all year long.
Longer days in summer give males of many species more time to hunt and provide for their families.Consuming more food would give them the energy to do just that.In human evolution,UV-B might have motivated our male ancestors to hunt more to help their communities survive.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究——阳光除了会影响身心健康,也可能会影响雄性动物的食欲。
(　　)5.Where is the passage most probably taken from
A.A textbook on biology.
B.An abstract of a food journal.
C.A review of medical research.
D.An essay from the science website.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段内容可知,文章主要介绍了一项新的研究。由此可推知,文章最有可能出自科学网站。故选D。
(　　)6.What happened to the mice after weeks’ exposure to UV-B rays
A.Their fat tissue decreased.
B.Some of them gained weight.
C.Their skin became reddened.
D.Some of them developed cancer.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Levy exposed mice to these rays for a few weeks...Part of the mice also became heavier.”可知,在这些射线下照射几周后,一些实验鼠的体重增加了。故选B。
(　　)7.What did Levy do when she found her studies weren’t convincing enough
A.She gathered more volunteers.
B.She set out to conduct more tests.
C.She invited more scientists to join her.
D.She turned to some previous research data.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后两句以及第五段第一、二句可知,为了使研究结果更可信,Levy查阅了大约20年前的研究数据。故选D。
(　　)8.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.Advantages of males of many species over females.
B.Reasons why males of many species prefer summer.
C.Benefits of UV-B exposure to males of many species.
D.Effects of sunlight on the health of males of many species.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,本段主要讨论的是紫外线照射对雄性物种的益处。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　One day,hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm.With the conditions making it 　1　 for rescue workers to help,many were trapped overnight with no access to 　2　.
But one stuck driver found a 　3　 spot in the despair.As she was sitting in her car fearing the 　4　,Casey Holihan and her husband,John Noe,　5　 a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam.Willing to try just about anything,they called the customer service number listed on the back of the truck and left a 　6　 begging for the driver to open the back and 　7　 bread to the hungry passengers around them.It was a last-ditch effort,and the couple wasn’t very 　8　 about getting a response.But to their 　9　,they soon received a phone call from the company’s owner,Chuck Paterakis,with the news that he was 　10　 the truck’s driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo.Overjoyed by the news,Holihan and Noe 　11　 the truck’s driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them.
The simple loaves of bread were surely a ray of 　12　 in an impossibly disturbing situation.Holihan herself calls it “one of the 　13　moments” she’s ever witnessed.This company could have made a 　14　 from the bread but instead chose to help the people around them.That is just so incredible that someone chose 　15　 over profit,especially in a situation where people were so desperate.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章叙述了由于暴风雪,数百人被困在高速公路上过夜,由于条件恶劣,无法获得必需品。绝望之时,一位被困司机看到了前车是一辆装载面包的卡车,于是拨通了卡车后面的客户服务电话进行求助,面包公司老板让卡车司机将车上的面包分发出去救了很多被困的人的故事。
[语篇脉络]
(　　)1.A.stressful B.effortless
C.practical D.difficult
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“One day,hundreds of people were stuck in traffic on the highway in below-freezing temperatures due to a snowstorm.”可知,由于条件恶劣,救援人员很难(difficult)提供帮助。故选D。
(　　)2.A.water B.necessities
C.bread D.blankets
【答案】 B
【解析】 由于条件恶劣,救援人员很难提供帮助,许多人被困过夜,无法获得必需品(necessities)。故选B。
(　　)3.A.new B.familiar
C.bright D.strange
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam”可知,被困的司机在绝望中找到了一丝光明(bright)。故选C。
(　　)4.A.least B.best
C.most D.worst
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“fearing”可知,Casey Holihan正坐在车里担心最糟糕的(worst)情况。故选D。
(　　)5.A.spotted B.realised
C.stared D.knew
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“a bread truck just ahead of them in the jam”可知,他们发现(spotted)一辆装载面包的卡车就在他们前面。故选A。
(　　)6.A.number B.message
C.note D.clue
【答案】 B
【解析】 他们愿意尝试任何办法,于是打电话给卡车后面的客户服务电话,并留言(message)请求司机打开后车厢,把面包分发给周围饥饿的乘客。故选B。
(　　)7.A.lend B.sell
C.distribute D.send
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“pass out loaves of bread from his cargo”可知,他们请求司机打开后车厢,把面包分发(distribute)给周围饥饿的乘客。故选C。
(　　)8.A.upset B.optimistic
C.excited D.anxious
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“It was a last-ditch effort”以及下文夫妇俩接到电话的反应可知,这对夫妇对得到回应不太乐观(optimistic)。故选B。
(　　)9.A.relief B.regret
C.surprise D.credit
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“It was a last-ditch effort,and the couple wasn’t very 　8　 about getting a response.”以及下文“they soon received a phone call from the company’s owner”可知,当这对夫妇接到面包公司老板的电话时,他们很惊讶(surprise)。故选C。
(　　)10.A.consulting B.guiding
C.begging D.instructing
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“the truck’s driver to open up and pass out loaves of bread from his cargo”可知,他正在指示(instructing)卡车司机打开后车厢。故选D。
(　　)11.A.kept up with B.teamed up with
C.met up with D.put up with
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“the truck’s driver to bring much-needed things to the cars around them”可知,他们与卡车司机合作(teamed up with),把急需的东西送到他们周围的汽车上。故选B。
(　　)12.A.hope B.truth
C.inspiration D.faith
【答案】 A
【解析】 在这种令人难以置信的混乱局面中,简单的几条面包无疑是一线希望(hope)。故选A。
(　　)13.A.happiest B.bravest
C.kindest D.friendliest
【答案】 C
【解析】 在困难时刻,有人伸出了援助之手,可见这是最善良的(kindest)时刻。故选C。
(　　)14.A.profit B.difference
C.living D.contribution
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“profit”可知,这家公司本可以从面包中获利(profit)。故选A。
(　　)15.A.welfare B.fame
C.award D.humanity
【答案】 D
【解析】 这太不可思议了,有人选择了人性(humanity)而不是利益,尤其是在人们如此绝望的情况下。故选D。UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
One man’s trash is another man’s treasure is absolutely the case in Türkiye where garbage collectors started collecting books that have been thrown away and ended up opening a library.
It started when garbage man Durson Ipek found a bag of abandoned books when he was working and then it snowballed from there.Ipek and other garbage men started gathering the books they found on the streets that were ready for landfills (垃圾填埋地) and as their collection started to grow,so did word of mouth.Soon,local residents started donating books directly.The library was initially available only to the garbage employees and their families to use but as the collection grew,so did public interest and the library was opened to the public later.
“On the one hand,there were those who were leaving these books on the streets.On the other hand,others were looking for these books,” Ankara mayor said.“We started to discuss the idea of creating a library for these books.When everyone supported it,this project happened.”
All the books that are found are sorted and checked for conditions.If they pass,they go on the shelves.Today,the library has over 6,000 books that range from fiction to nonfiction and there’s a very popular children’s section that even has a collection of comic books.An entire section is devoted to scientific research and there are also books available in English and French.The collection has grown so large that the library loans books to schools and educational programmes.
“Village school teachers from all over Türkiye are requesting books,” a volunteer said.The government has to hire a full-time employee to manage the library.
This library is incredibly popular.It is frequently filled with children of the city’s workers and students from nearby schools.There is a waiting room set up for readers and chess boards for the people who visit the library.You can even enjoy a cup of tea in the waiting room.
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “snowballed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Declined quickly. B.Grew slowly.
C.Developed rapidly. D.Worsened steadily.
(　　)2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the library
A.Its great popularity. B.Its potential significance.
C.Its huge collection of books. D.Its wide variety of readers.
(　　)3.Why did the government hire a full-time employee
A.To raise people’s awareness of recycling.
B.To classify and check the donated books.
C.To expand the social influence of the library.
D.To meet the huge demand from rural teachers.
B
By the middle of the last decade,I had been studying Indian butterflies for over 20 years. However,I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat.So,in 2015,I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies.
My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016,then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018.For these visits,I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion.I covered some of the well-known locations.
Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species.By trickling streams and wet areas,we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings,along with numerous Meadowblues,all part of the Blues family.In alpine meadows,countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about.More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow,and chase after it,only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away.Once,I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes, managing only a few photos before it disappeared.Another time,I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow.I spent half an hour chasing them,only for them to fly away each time.
Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation,I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers”—species I encountered for the very first time.These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the Journal of Threatened Taxa.
In addition to this,I partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh,with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity.This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region,while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems.
(　　)4.Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh
A.To survey butterflies at high altitudes.
B.To search for butterfly habitats.
C.To carry out a travel schedule.
D.To recommend tourist attractions.
(　　)5.Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies
A.Challenging and fascinating. B.Scary and exciting.
C.Embarrassing and amusing. D.Dangerous and interesting.
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet
A.To document insect species in India.
B.To encourage eco-aware exploration.
C.To promote local tourism in Ladakh.
D.To compare butterfly research findings.
(　　)7.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Uniqueness of Butterflies B.A Fascinating Journey
C.Biodiversity in Ladakh D.A Fluttering Discovery
C
(2025·广东高三一模)
Envision a futuristic rooftop garden so intelligent that it is capable of discerning the optimal moments to store water in anticipation of arid conditions, and when to expel water to avert inundation. Now, such intelligent roofs are transitioning from the realm of fantasy to reality in the Netherlands.
With a substantial portion of the nation situated below sea level, the Netherlands has long been acquainted with the perils of flooding. The advent (出现) of climate change has ushered in an era of more extreme meteorological phenomena, including torrential downpours and periods of drought, compelling the city of Amsterdam to contemplate novel strategies for self-preservation, and it is within this context that RESILIO (气候复原计划) emerges as a pivotal(关键性的) player.
As per the assertions on their official website, RESILIO is engaged in the construction of blue-green roofs across the expanse of Amsterdam. In conjunction with the local governmental authorities, from the years 2018 through to 2022, they have installed specialised roofing systems in the neighbourhoods of Amsterdam that are most vulnerable to the ravages of flood damage.
These roofs are composed of a multitude of strata. Paramount among these layers is the water retention layer. During episodes of copious rainfall, this layer serves to accumulate the rainwater that would otherwise inundate the streets, and in times of drought, it channels its stored water to nourish the garden situated on the uppermost layer. It is this particular layer that distinguishes the blue-green roofs from their conventional green counterparts. Research indicates that blue-green roofs possess the capacity to capture as much as 97% of extreme rainfall, in stark contrast to the mere 12% that regular green roofs can retain.
However, what truly sets RESILIO roofs apart is their sophisticated systems. An array of blue-green roofs are interconnected via a digital communication network, thereby enabling each roof to be manipulated independently, responding to the volume of water amassed on that specific roof as the situation demands. Each roof is also equipped with a valve (阀) that is linked to a computerised system known as the Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS interfaces with local weather prognostications to determine whether the valve on a particular roof should be opened, allowing water to be discharged in a controlled and gradual manner into the sewerage system, or whether it should remain sealed to collect the impending rain.
These innovations are the hallmarks that render RESILIO truly revolutionary. Blue-green roofs exemplify that the remedies to the hazards posed by climate change necessitate a blend of creativity and a multifaceted approach, operating on various levels to mitigate the adverse effects of our changing environment.
(　　)8.What may directly lead to the building of RESILIO roofs in Amsterdam
A.The increasing disasters. B.The city’s financial suffering.
C.The ever-rising sea level. D.The city’s geographic advantage.
(　　)9.What do we know about the water retention layer of RESILIO roofs
A.It is slow to drought. B.It is absolutely perfect.
C.It serves a double purpose. D.It can trap solar energy.
(　　)10.What is the main function of the DSS according to the passage
A.To collect weather information.
B.To control the use of the valve.
C.To help the sewer system work.
D.To connect the digital network.
(　　)11.What might be a suitable title for this passage
A.Smart Roof Systems Becoming a Reality in Auckland
B.RESILIO Blue-green Roof Systems Preventing Disasters
C.The Working Principle of the Blue-green Roof Systems
D.The Differences Between RESILIO Roofs and Regular Green Roofs
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·福建泉州模拟)
Tie dyeing,or Zaran in Chinese,is the time-honoured handmade art of the Bai ethnic group (白族).The exact origin of this technique 1.　　　　 (remain) undetermined,but it had already matured by the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
To hold on to tradition,Zhang Bin and Zhang Hanmin,a young couple of the Bai ethnic group,chose 2.　　　　 (quit) their jobs in Beijing and returned to their hometown.They set up a tie dyeing workshop,which gradually made a name for 3.　　　　 (it) and started turning a profit by improving the production technique and product quality.Many of its 4.　　　　 (finish) products feature snowflake and flower patterns,5.　　　　 (symbolise) natural scenery.Aside from drawing dye from nature,tie dyeing production processes,too,are 6.　　　　 (environment) friendly,requiring no chemical materials.
Besides turning the technique into profit,the couple have also been promoting it among the public.The workshop provides local children 7.　　　　 free classes,during which they go pick plants on the mountains and create tie dyeing products.It also offers jobs to 8.　　　　 (local) who once only relied on farm work for income.Additionally,the workshop plans to organise more educational tours and travel activities,and attract more people to participate in the 9.　　　　 (preserve) of tie dyeing.
“As a way of life,10.　　　　 bears the customs and culture of the Bai people,tie dyeing matters a lot to us.By maintaining the technique,we also hope to improve rural life,” Zhang Bin said.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Will Gladstone,an amateur birder,was in his 5th-grade science class when he first heard of the blue-footed booby,a beautiful,eye-catching bird.He learnt that the population of this particular bird was in decline.Will decided to raise money to support conservation efforts.As he was brainstorming ideas,he looked down at his feet,and suddenly he had an idea.Feet,he thought,blue feet!He decided to sell bright blue socks and donate the money to environmental organisations trying to help the birds.His younger brother Matty joined him in his effort as his partner.The boys started the Blue Feet Foundation (BFF) in 2016.
In the beginning,it was a challenge for the boys to gather support for their cause.They decided to ask a better-known conservation organisation to sponsor them.However,none were willing to do so.“They didn’t agree to it because we were just kids,” says Will.
Although this was discouraging,the two persevered.Finally,they came across an organisation they hadn’t heard of before:the Galapagos Conservancy (GC).Its mission was to support conservation in the Galapagos Islands.These islands are home to about half of the world’s blue-footed boobies.They offered to highlight the foundation in the protection’s newsletter.It boosted the BFF’s credibility.
Four years later,their hard work paid off.They amassed over 28,000 followers on various social media sites.They sold 18,000 pairs of socks,sending them all across the globe.Orders have come from 50 different countries.If you visit the picture gallery on their website,you’ll also see blue socks being modeled by a few famous people,including members of the Blue Man Group and a Boston Bruins hockey player.
Although the population of these birds in the Galapagos has declined significantly over the past 20 years,we have seen some hopeful signs.These include an increase in young birds.However, there is still work to be done.Although the decline in population is slowing,it’s not reversing. Elderly birds are dying faster than chicks are being born.
(　　)1.Which of the following can best define the boys
A.Ambitious daydreamers. B.Active bird researchers.
C.Good problem solvers. D.Passionate science fans.
(　　)2.What contributed to the Galapagos Conservancy’s decision to help the boys
A.Their consistent goals. B.Their accidental meeting.
C.Their equal credibility. D.Their financial strength.
(　　)3.What’s the purpose of listing the numbers in Paragraph 4
A.To promote the fame of the foundation.
B.To show the popularity of the boys’ socks.
C.To highlight the impact of the foundation.
D.To demonstrate the diversity of the customer base.
(　　)4.What can be learnt about the bird population from the last paragraph
A.It remains stable. B.It remains declining.
C.It is increasing shockingly. D.It is undergoing ups and downs.
B
Jennifer DeStefano answered a call from a number she did not recognise.“Mum,I messed up,” her daughter’s voice told her,crying.“These bad men have me.” A man proceeded to demand money,or he would drug her daughter and leave her in Mexico.But while she kept him on the phone,friends managed to reach her daughter,only to discover that she was,in fact,free and well on a skiing trip in Arizona.The voice used on the phone was a fake.
Voice cloning’s influences will be huge.For several years,customers have been able to identify themselves over the phone to their bank and other companies using their voice.Not even a gifted mimic(巧于模仿的人) could fool the detection system.But the arrival of cloning will force adaptation in order to prevent cheating.
Creative industries could face the impact too.Voice actors’ skills,trained over a lifetime,can be copied in a matter of seconds.But some actors may,in fact,find cloning congenial.Val Kilmer, who has lost much of his voice to throat cancer,was delighted to have his voice restored for Top Gun:Maverick.
Another industry that will have to come to cope with the rise of clones is journalism.Now who will trust a story based on an audio clip (片段) Slightly easier to manage might be the false positives:recordings claiming to be someone but which are fakes.The opposite problem—the false negatives—will arise when public figures deny authentic recordings.Proving that a clip is genuine is hard,perhaps even impossible.Journalists will need to show how they obtained and stored audio files.
The term “fake news” had existed long before voice cloning.Now,even more people caught in a crime are likely to defend themselves.“It wasn’t me.” And many people will have even more reason to believe them.
(　　)5.What does Jennifer DeStefano’s experience indicate
A.The high frequency of fake news.
B.The rising crime rate in Mexico.
C.The danger of voice-cloning technology.
D.The value of bravery in an emergency.
(　　)6.What does the underlined word “congenial” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Illegal. B.Ridiculous. C.Horrible. D.Agreeable.
(　　)7.Which of the following belongs to the false negatives
A.Late Beatles’ songs have been restored by voice cloning.
B.A pop star declares an authentic recording is untrue.
C.Journalists prove their reports with audio clips.
D.The police identify a criminal through voice.
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Voice Cloning Is Increasingly Used in Journalism
B.Voice Cloning Is Challenging Our Traditional Ideas
C.Voice Cloning Is Impacting Different Aspects of Our Life
D.Voice Cloning Is Re-establishing Lifestyles for the Better
Ⅱ.七选五
Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert,which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields.The desert is on the move.This is called desertification.
Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.1.　　　 The first is overuse of water in the area.There is not enough water in any case,and if it is not carefully used,disaster can follow.As time goes on,water shortages make farming more and more difficult.In some places,locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds.2.　　　 Farmers leave the land,and fields are replaced by deserts.
The second cause is misuse or overuse of the land.3.　　　 Ploughing (耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil.Once the soil is lost,it is hard to replace,and if there is rain,it has nowhere to go,and brings no benefit.
4.　　　 Every spring,the skies over some of eastern cities,thousands of kilometres away from the deserts,can be darkened by sandstorms.Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems.While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming,these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.
What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way.Obviously,the first step is to find new water sources.5.　　　 Some types of grass also hold the soil together,and stop the wind taking it.Without these efforts,it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks,and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities.The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.
A.It generally arises from two related causes.
B.It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.
C.They have been completely buried by the sand now.
D.Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification.
E.They destroy the land as the soil dries out and is then blown away.
F.Tree planting can help,by providing barriers between desert and rich field.
G.This means that the wrong crops are planted,and need more water than is available.UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
One man’s trash is another man’s treasure is absolutely the case in Türkiye where garbage collectors started collecting books that have been thrown away and ended up opening a library.
It started when garbage man Durson Ipek found a bag of abandoned books when he was working and then it snowballed from there.Ipek and other garbage men started gathering the books they found on the streets that were ready for landfills (垃圾填埋地) and as their collection started to grow,so did word of mouth.Soon,local residents started donating books directly.The library was initially available only to the garbage employees and their families to use but as the collection grew,so did public interest and the library was opened to the public later.
“On the one hand,there were those who were leaving these books on the streets.On the other hand,others were looking for these books,” Ankara mayor said.“We started to discuss the idea of creating a library for these books.When everyone supported it,this project happened.”
All the books that are found are sorted and checked for conditions.If they pass,they go on the shelves.Today,the library has over 6,000 books that range from fiction to nonfiction and there’s a very popular children’s section that even has a collection of comic books.An entire section is devoted to scientific research and there are also books available in English and French.The collection has grown so large that the library loans books to schools and educational programmes.
“Village school teachers from all over Türkiye are requesting books,” a volunteer said.The government has to hire a full-time employee to manage the library.
This library is incredibly popular.It is frequently filled with children of the city’s workers and students from nearby schools.There is a waiting room set up for readers and chess boards for the people who visit the library.You can even enjoy a cup of tea in the waiting room.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了清洁工收集被丢弃的书籍,建造了一家图书馆并且广受欢迎的故事。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “snowballed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Declined quickly.
B.Grew slowly.
C.Developed rapidly.
D.Worsened steadily.
【答案】 C
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句中的“It started when garbage man Durson Ipek found a bag of abandoned books”可知,刚开始Durson Ipek只是发现了一袋被丢弃的书;再结合第二段中的“as their collection started to grow,so did word of mouth”可知,随着他们收藏的书越来越多,口碑也越来越好。由此可以推断出,画线单词“snowballed”在此处意为“迅速发展”。故选C。
(　　)2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the library
A.Its great popularity.
B.Its potential significance.
C.Its huge collection of books.
D.Its wide variety of readers.
【答案】 C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,第四段主要介绍了该图书馆收藏了大量的书籍。故选C。
(　　)3.Why did the government hire a full-time employee
A.To raise people’s awareness of recycling.
B.To classify and check the donated books.
C.To expand the social influence of the library.
D.To meet the huge demand from rural teachers.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知,土耳其各地的乡村学校的教师都需要书籍,因此,政府不得不雇用一位全职员工来管理图书馆,以满足乡村教师对书籍的庞大需求。故
选D。
B
By the middle of the last decade,I had been studying Indian butterflies for over 20 years.However,I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat.So,in 2015,I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies.
My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016,then in July of the same year,followed by another visit in August 2018.For these visits,I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion.I covered some of the well-known locations.
Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species.By trickling streams and wet areas,we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings,along with numerous Meadowblues,all part of the Blues family.In alpine meadows,countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about.More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow,and chase after it,only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away.Once,I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes,managing only a few photos before it disappeared.Another time,I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow.I spent half an hour chasing them,only for them to fly away each time.
Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation,I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers”—species I encountered for the very first time.These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the Journal of Threatened Taxa.
In addition to this,I partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh,with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity.This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region,while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶,并描述了作者追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。
(　　)4.Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh
A.To survey butterflies at high altitudes.
B.To search for butterfly habitats.
C.To carry out a travel schedule.
D.To recommend tourist attractions.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者决定去拉达克是为了在高海拔地区观察蝴蝶。故选A。
(　　)5.Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies
A.Challenging and fascinating.
B.Scary and exciting.
C.Embarrassing and amusing.
D.Dangerous and interesting.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly...only for them to fly away each time.”可知,追逐蝴蝶很费力,应是具有挑战性的;再根据第四段内容可知,作者第一次遇到了舞蝶物种,增加了宝贵知识,说明过程很有吸引力。综上可推知,作者追逐蝴蝶的过程是具有挑战性和吸引力的。故选A。
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet
A.To document insect species in India.
B.To encourage eco-aware exploration.
C.To promote local tourism in Ladakh.
D.To compare butterfly research findings.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,作者制作小册子的目的是鼓励生态探索。故选B。
(　　)7.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Uniqueness of Butterflies
B.A Fascinating Journey
C.Biodiversity in Ladakh
D.A Fluttering Discovery
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据第二段第一句可知,本文主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶,并描述了作者追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。因此D项“一个翩翩飞舞的发现”适合作为文章标题,故选D。
C
(2025·广东高三一模)
Envision a futuristic rooftop garden so intelligent that it is capable of discerning the optimal moments to store water in anticipation of arid conditions, and when to expel water to avert inundation. Now, such intelligent roofs are transitioning from the realm of fantasy to reality in the Netherlands.
With a substantial portion of the nation situated below sea level, the Netherlands has long been acquainted with the perils of flooding. The advent(出现) of climate change has ushered in an era of more extreme meteorological phenomena, including torrential downpours and periods of drought, compelling the city of Amsterdam to contemplate novel strategies for self-preservation, and it is within this context that RESILIO (气候复原计划) emerges as a pivotal(关键性的) player.
As per the assertions on their official website, RESILIO is engaged in the construction of blue-green roofs across the expanse of Amsterdam. In conjunction with the local governmental authorities, from the years 2018 through to 2022, they have installed specialised roofing systems in the neighbourhoods of Amsterdam that are most vulnerable to the ravages of flood damage.
These roofs are composed of a multitude of strata. Paramount among these layers is the water retention layer. During episodes of copious rainfall, this layer serves to accumulate the rainwater that would otherwise inundate the streets, and in times of drought, it channels its stored water to nourish the garden situated on the uppermost layer. It is this particular layer that distinguishes the blue-green roofs from their conventional green counterparts. Research indicates that blue-green roofs possess the capacity to capture as much as 97% of extreme rainfall, in stark contrast to the mere 12% that regular green roofs can retain.
However, what truly sets RESILIO roofs apart is their sophisticated systems. An array of blue-green roofs are interconnected via a digital communication network, thereby enabling each roof to be manipulated independently, responding to the volume of water amassed on that specific roof as the situation demands. Each roof is also equipped with a valve(阀) that is linked to a computerised system known as the Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS interfaces with local weather prognostications to determine whether the valve on a particular roof should be opened, allowing water to be discharged in a controlled and gradual manner into the sewerage system, or whether it should remain sealed to collect the impending rain.
These innovations are the hallmarks that render RESILIO truly revolutionary. Blue-green roofs exemplify that the remedies to the hazards posed by climate change necessitate a blend of creativity and a multifaceted approach, operating on various levels to mitigate the adverse effects of our changing environment.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰阿姆斯特丹的RESILIO蓝绿屋顶系统是如何应对气候变化带来的洪水和干旱问题的。
(　　)8.What may directly lead to the building of RESILIO roofs in Amsterdam
A.The increasing disasters.
B.The city’s financial suffering.
C.The ever-rising sea level.
D.The city’s geographic advantage.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,建造RESILIO蓝绿屋顶的直接原因是日益增加的气象灾害。故选A。
(　　)9.What do we know about the water retention layer of RESILIO roofs
A.It is slow to drought.
B.It is absolutely perfect.
C.It serves a double purpose.
D.It can trap solar energy.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知,蓄水层具有双重功能。故选C。
(　　)10.What is the main function of the DSS according to the passage
A.To collect weather information.
B.To control the use of the valve.
C.To help the sewer system work.
D.To connect the digital network.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,DSS的主要功能是控制阀门的使用。故选B。
(　　)11.What might be a suitable title for this passage
A.Smart Roof Systems Becoming a Reality in Auckland
B.RESILIO Blue-green Roof Systems Preventing Disasters
C.The Working Principle of the Blue-green Roof Systems
D.The Differences Between RESILIO Roofs and Regular Green Roofs
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段内容可知,整篇文章都在介绍蓝绿屋顶系统是如何防止灾害的,并详细讨论了这种屋顶的结构、功能和创新之处。由此可知,B项“防止灾害的RESILIO蓝绿屋顶系统”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·福建泉州模拟)
Tie dyeing,or Zaran in Chinese,is the time-honoured handmade art of the Bai ethnic group (白族).The exact origin of this technique 1.　　　　 (remain) undetermined,but it had already matured by the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
To hold on to tradition,Zhang Bin and Zhang Hanmin,a young couple of the Bai ethnic group,chose 2.　　　　 (quit) their jobs in Beijing and returned to their hometown.They set up a tie dyeing workshop,which gradually made a name for 3.　　　　 (it) and started turning a profit by improving the production technique and product quality.Many of its 4.　　　　 (finish) products feature snowflake and flower patterns,5.　　　　 (symbolise) natural scenery.Aside from drawing dye from nature,tie dyeing production processes,too,are 6.　　　　 (environment) friendly,requiring no chemical materials.
Besides turning the technique into profit,the couple have also been promoting it among the public.The workshop provides local children 7.　　　　 free classes,during which they go pick plants on the mountains and create tie dyeing products.It also offers jobs to 8.　　　　 (local) who once only relied on farm work for income.Additionally,the workshop plans to organise more educational tours and travel activities,and attract more people to participate in the 9.　　　　 (preserve) of tie dyeing.
“As a way of life,10.　　　　 bears the customs and culture of the Bai people,tie dyeing matters a lot to us.By maintaining the technique,we also hope to improve rural life,” Zhang Bin said.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一对年轻的白族夫妇回家乡创办扎染工坊,不仅盈利还推广了扎染技艺,促进了乡村发展。
1.【答案】 remains
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词。句子描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语是单数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填remains。
2.【答案】 to quit
【解析】 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词。choose to do sth是固定搭配,意为“选择做某事”,符合句意。故填to quit。
3.【答案】 itself
【解析】 考查反身代词。make a name for oneself是固定搭配,意为“获得名声;变得出名”,此处指工坊为自己赢得名声,应用反身代词itself作宾语。故填itself。
4.【答案】 finished
【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰名词products,应用形容词finished,作定语,意为“完成了的”。故填finished。
5.【答案】 symbolising
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词,与逻辑主语Many of its finished products之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填symbolising。
6.【答案】 environmentally
【解析】 考查副词。此处修饰形容词friendly,应用副词。故填environmentally。
7.【答案】 with
【解析】 考查介词。provide sb with sth是固定搭配,意为“为某人提供某物”,符合句意。故填with。
8.【答案】 locals
【解析】 考查名词复数。此处作宾语,应用名词,local意为“当地人”,是可数名词,结合语境,应用复数形式。故填locals。
9.【答案】 preservation
【解析】 考查名词。此处作宾语,应用名词,preservation意为“保护,保存”,为不可数名词。故填preservation。
10.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a way of life,指物,引导词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。故填which。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Will Gladstone,an amateur birder,was in his 5th-grade science class when he first heard of the blue-footed booby,a beautiful,eye-catching bird.He learnt that the population of this particular bird was in decline.Will decided to raise money to support conservation efforts.As he was brainstorming ideas,he looked down at his feet,and suddenly he had an idea.Feet,he thought,blue feet!He decided to sell bright blue socks and donate the money to environmental organisations trying to help the birds.His younger brother Matty joined him in his effort as his partner.The boys started the Blue Feet Foundation (BFF) in 2016.
In the beginning,it was a challenge for the boys to gather support for their cause.They decided to ask a better-known conservation organisation to sponsor them.However,none were willing to do so.“They didn’t agree to it because we were just kids,” says Will.
Although this was discouraging,the two persevered.Finally,they came across an organisation they hadn’t heard of before:the Galapagos Conservancy (GC).Its mission was to support conservation in the Galapagos Islands.These islands are home to about half of the world’s blue-footed boobies.They offered to highlight the foundation in the protection’s newsletter.It boosted the BFF’s credibility.
Four years later,their hard work paid off.They amassed over 28,000 followers on various social media sites.They sold 18,000 pairs of socks,sending them all across the globe.Orders have come from 50 different countries.If you visit the picture gallery on their website,you’ll also see blue socks being modeled by a few famous people,including members of the Blue Man Group and a Boston Bruins hockey player.
Although the population of these birds in the Galapagos has declined significantly over the past 20 years,we have seen some hopeful signs.These include an increase in young birds.However,there is still work to be done.Although the decline in population is slowing,it’s not reversing.Elderly birds are dying faster than chicks are being born.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Will Gladstone和他的弟弟Matty创立了基金会,通过销售蓝色袜子来支持保护蓝脚鲣鸟的故事。尽管初期面临挑战,但他们最终与加拉帕戈斯保护协会合作,提高了基金会的知名度,取得了成功。
(　　)1.Which of the following can best define the boys
A.Ambitious daydreamers.
B.Active bird researchers.
C.Good problem solvers.
D.Passionate science fans.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He learnt that the population of this particular bird was in decline...The boys started the Blue Feet Foundation (BFF) in 2016.”可知,Will了解到这种鸟的数量正在下降后,就决定提供帮助,他想出了出售亮蓝色袜子并把钱捐给环保组织来帮助这些鸟的办法。2016年,Will和弟弟成立了基金会。由此可知,这两个男孩是很好的问题解决者。故选C。
(　　)2.What contributed to the Galapagos Conservancy’s decision to help the boys
A.Their consistent goals.
B.Their accidental meeting.
C.Their equal credibility.
D.Their financial strength.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He learnt that the population of...raise money to support conservation efforts.”和第三段中的“Finally,they came across an organisation...These islands are home to about half of the world’s blue-footed boobies.”可知,两个男孩的目标是筹集资金来支持蓝脚鲣鸟的保护工作,该协会的目标是支持加拉帕戈斯群岛的保护,这些群岛是世界上大约一半蓝脚鲣鸟的家园。由此推知,他们一致的目标促使保护协会决定帮助这两个男孩。故选A。
(　　)3.What’s the purpose of listing the numbers in Paragraph 4
A.To promote the fame of the foundation.
B.To show the popularity of the boys’ socks.
C.To highlight the impact of the foundation.
D.To demonstrate the diversity of the customer base.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They amassed over 28,000 followers on various social media sites...Orders have come from 50 different countries.”可知,这些数字表明基金会有很多支持者,袜子的销量大,且覆盖范围广。由此推知,列出这些数字是为了突出基金会的影响力。故选C。
(　　)4.What can be learnt about the bird population from the last paragraph
A.It remains stable.
B.It remains declining.
C.It is increasing shockingly.
D.It is undergoing ups and downs.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Although the decline in population is slowing,it’s not reversing.Elderly birds are dying faster than chicks are being born.”可推知,这种鸟类的数量仍在下降。故选B。
B
Jennifer DeStefano answered a call from a number she did not recognise.“Mum,I messed up,” her daughter’s voice told her,crying.“These bad men have me.” A man proceeded to demand money,or he would drug her daughter and leave her in Mexico.But while she kept him on the phone,friends managed to reach her daughter,only to discover that she was,in fact,free and well on a skiing trip in Arizona.The voice used on the phone was a fake.
Voice cloning’s influences will be huge.For several years,customers have been able to identify themselves over the phone to their bank and other companies using their voice.Not even a gifted mimic(巧于模仿的人) could fool the detection system.But the arrival of cloning will force adaptation in order to prevent cheating.
Creative industries could face the impact too.Voice actors’ skills,trained over a lifetime,can be copied in a matter of seconds.But some actors may,in fact,find cloning congenial.Val Kilmer,who has lost much of his voice to throat cancer,was delighted to have his voice restored for Top Gun:Maverick.
Another industry that will have to come to cope with the rise of clones is journalism.Now who will trust a story based on an audio clip (片段) Slightly easier to manage might be the false positives:recordings claiming to be someone but which are fakes.The opposite problem—the false negatives—will arise when public figures deny authentic recordings.Proving that a clip is genuine is hard,perhaps even impossible.Journalists will need to show how they obtained and stored audio files.
The term “fake news” had existed long before voice cloning.Now,even more people caught in a crime are likely to defend themselves.“It wasn’t me.” And many people will have even more reason to believe them.
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了语音克隆技术及其对我们生活的方方面面产生的影响。
(　　)5.What does Jennifer DeStefano’s experience indicate
A.The high frequency of fake news.
B.The rising crime rate in Mexico.
C.The danger of voice-cloning technology.
D.The value of bravery in an emergency.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,Jennifer DeStefano接到了一通伪造电话,对方冒充她的女儿的声音,并以她女儿的安全为筹码来要钱,因此她的经历表明了语音克隆技术的危险性。故选C。
(　　)6.What does the underlined word “congenial” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Illegal. B.Ridiculous.
C.Horrible. D.Agreeable.
【答案】 D
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知,有一位演员因患喉癌失去了大部分声音,他很开心语音克隆技术恢复了自己的声音,因此对于这些人来说,语音克隆技术是可以接受的。由此可知,画线词的意思是“可以接受的”。故选D。
(　　)7.Which of the following belongs to the false negatives
A.Late Beatles’ songs have been restored by voice cloning.
B.A pop star declares an authentic recording is untrue.
C.Journalists prove their reports with audio clips.
D.The police identify a criminal through voice.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Another industry that...when public figures deny authentic recordings.”可知,公众人物否认真实录音就属于“假否定”的情况,B项“一位流行歌手宣称一个真实录音是假的”符合题意。故选B。
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Voice Cloning Is Increasingly Used in Journalism
B.Voice Cloning Is Challenging Our Traditional Ideas
C.Voice Cloning Is Impacting Different Aspects of Our Life
D.Voice Cloning Is Re-establishing Lifestyles for the Better
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了语音克隆技术对人们生活产生的影响,因此C项“语音克隆正在影响着我们生活的方方面面”能概括文章的主旨,适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert,which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields.The desert is on the move.This is called desertification.
Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert.1.　　　 The first is overuse of water in the area.There is not enough water in any case,and if it is not carefully used,disaster can follow.As time goes on,water shortages make farming more and more difficult.In some places,locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds.2.　　　 Farmers leave the land,and fields are replaced by deserts.
The second cause is misuse or overuse of the land.3.　　　 Ploughing (耕) large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil.Once the soil is lost,it is hard to replace,and if there is rain,it has nowhere to go,and brings no benefit.
4.　　　 Every spring,the skies over some of eastern cities,thousands of kilometres away from the deserts,can be darkened by sandstorms.Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems.While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming,these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.
What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification A great deal of work is already under way.Obviously,the first step is to find new water sources.5.　　　 Some types of grass also hold the soil together,and stop the wind taking it.Without these efforts,it will be harder and harder to stop the world’s deserts in their tracks,and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities.The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.
A.It generally arises from two related causes.
B.It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer.
C.They have been completely buried by the sand now.
D.Scientists are doing the research on the cause of desertification.
E.They destroy the land as the soil dries out and is then blown away.
F.Tree planting can help,by providing barriers between desert and rich field.
G.This means that the wrong crops are planted,and need more water than is available.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了沙漠化的原因、影响以及应对措施。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文提出沙漠化发生在靠近现有沙漠的地区这一现象,而下文“The first is overuse of water in the area.”和“The second cause is misuse or overuse of the land.”列举了两个相关的原因。A项“它通常源于两个相关的原因”承上启下,引出下文两个原因。故选A。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文提到一些湖泊和湿地曾经是各种鱼和鸟类的家园,C项“它们现在完全被沙子掩埋了”承接上文并引出下文,说明这些湖泊和湿地的现状,符合语境,且选项中的“now”与上文的“once”相照应。故选C。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文提到第二个原因是不当使用或过度使用土地。G项“这意味着种植了错误的作物,而且需要的水比可用的多”承接上文,解释了“不当使用或过度使用土地”的意思,句中的“This”指代上文的“misuse or overuse of the land”。故选G。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 下文提到沙漠化还会影响到更远的地区,是对B项“不仅仅是农民和村民受到影响”的进一步说明,符合语境。故选B。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 上文“Obviously,the first step is to find new water sources.”和下文“Some types of grass also hold the soil together,and stop the wind taking it.”都是减缓或阻止沙漠化进程的方法。F项“植树可以提供帮助,通过在沙漠和肥沃的田地之间提供屏障”与上下文构成并列关系,说明可以通过植树的方式来应对沙漠化,回答了段首提出的问题,符合语境。故选F。UNIT 2　SUCCESS
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Everyone knows what makes a good story.Our heroes start their journey as flawed human beings.In scene after scene,they face challenges that push them down new paths.By the end of the tale,they overcome setbacks and become better persons in the process.
We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment.Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress.People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health.Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health.Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.
McAdams invited 14- and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success.Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better.Eight weeks later,members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.
Exciting as these results are,some experts sound a few notes of caution.They worry that,hearing about the power of self-narratives,many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life.If they can’t,they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.
Clearly,self-narratives aren’t the panacea.Nevertheless,if you hope for self-improvement,you can use the findings to good effect.By recognising ourselves as the hero at the centre of our own struggles,we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一项研究——我们对自己生活的描述可以有效地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来,那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康状况。
(　　)1.What does the research focus on
A.The causes of stress.
B.The principles of narrative.
C.The connection between struggle and well-being.
D.The link between mental health and self-narratives.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recent research shows that the narratives...have much better mental health.”可知,研究的重点是心理健康和自我叙述之间的联系。故选D。
(　　)2.Why is the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To give proof.
B.To make predictions.
C.To draw a conclusion.
D.To make comparisons.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知,在第三段中提到这个实验是为了提供证据。故选A。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to
A.Attempt to get rid of worries.
B.Means of recognising yourself.
C.Solution to adolescent problems.
D.Guarantee to become better people.
【答案】 D
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,自我叙述不是灵丹妙药,它并不能保证我们可以成为更好的人。故画线词意思与D项相近。故选D。
B
　　Orange chicken,sweet and sour pork,fried rice...Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him.For a native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China,the cuisine is far from authentic,but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences.
What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (歪曲).Quite a few Westerners recognise that particular type of fare as the whole of Chinese cuisine.
“They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine and how it varies,since many people forget how vast China is.It is a country that has deserts from one side,jungles and seas from the other side.Each area has its unique style of cooking,” he says.
Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.“Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture,” he says.
Sometimes,his British friends would join to help.“And quite often,they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine.They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today.“So,I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.”
Interestingly,when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton,England from Beijing,copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”,as he puts it,because he was never super into cooking.At the time,the videos centred more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture,including movies,snacks,restaurants and more.
Looking ahead,Burns has some plans in mind.“I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV.Also,I would love to have my own restaurant in the future.That’s definitely going to happen.”
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了伯恩斯通过拍摄并上传在家里做中国菜的视频,展示了中国菜的丰富和美味,迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的错误认知。
(　　)4.When did Max Burns return to Brighton,England according to the passage
A.At age 13. B.At age 14.
C.At age 16. D.At age 21.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For a native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China”和倒数第二段中的“Interestingly,when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton,England from Beijing”可知,伯恩斯前13年的人生是在中国度过的,说明他14岁时回到了英国的布莱顿。故选B。
(　　)5.How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisine
A.Treat them to Chinese dishes.
B.Write reports on Chinese cuisine.
C.Cook Chinese dishes for them in person.
D.Display authentic Chinese cuisines on vlogs.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.”可知,伯恩斯是通过拍摄并上传在家做中国菜的视频来展示正宗的中国菜,改变人们对中国菜的错误认知的。故选D。
(　　)6.What is Paragraph 5 of the passage mainly about
A.Burns’s ambitions.
B.Burns’s achievements.
C.Burns’s adventures.
D.Burns’s subscribers.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第五段中的“So,I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.”可知,第五段主要讲了伯恩斯的成就。故选B。
(　　)7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage
A.An Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine
B.An Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change
C.Chinese Cuisine Have to Cater to Westerners
D.Chinese Cuisine Have Been Around the World
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。本文主要报道了伯恩斯通过拍摄并上传在家里做中国菜的视频,展示了中国菜的丰富和美味,迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的错误认知,提升了众人对中国菜肴的鉴赏力。所以A项适合作为文章的标题。故选A。
C
(2025·八省联考)
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community.At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair,whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments.She prefers disorder to order,walking to driving,and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs,urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions,because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people to meet,talk,and get to know one another.Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also,for Jacobs,key elements of this urban form.The commercial,business,and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side,to allow for greater integration of people.There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings,and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally,urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live,work,and interact.Such high-density spaces are,she feels,engines of creativity and vitality.They are also safe places to be,because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”:Shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs在她的职业生涯中致力于推进独特的城市愿景,尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。
(　　)8.What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A.Efficient public transport.
B.Strong interaction between people.
C.Uniform style of buildings.
D.A comparatively large population.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At the heart of her vision...and exciting urban environments.”可知,Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说,人与人之间有很强的互动是最重要的。故选B。
(　　)9.Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A.Local residents.
B.Government officials.
C.City planners.
D.Construction workers.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A。
(　　)10.How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A.Lined with plants.
B.Painted with clear signs.
C.Tightly connected.
D.Convenient for the old.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The streets in which people live...and neighbourhood better.”可知,Jacobs建议修建紧密相连的人行道。故选C。
(　　)11.According to Jacobs,the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of 　　　.
A.pride B.comfort
C.security D.urgency
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They are also safe places to be...over the neighbourhood.”可知,Jacobs认为,“eyes on the street”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京绢人).In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1.　　　　 entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost2.　　　　 (basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 3.　　　　 (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4.　　　　 they needed: finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 5.　　　　 (adaptation) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the
6.　　　　 (origin) one.However,7.　　　　 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 8.　　　　 the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 9.　　　　 (call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 10.　　　　 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
【语篇导读】 本文是新闻报道。文章详细介绍了唐燕放弃了有前途的事业,投身于拯救濒临失传的“北京绢人”艺术,并详细介绍了她在创业过程中所遇到的挑战和困难,以及她如何通过创新和改良来降低成本,最终成功创建了自己的“唐娃娃”品牌。
1.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。year是可数名词,句中用的单数,空前应用不定冠词修饰表示“一”,且entire以元音音素开头,用an修饰。故填an。
2.【答案】 basically
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰空前的动词,应该用副词basically。故填basically。
3.【答案】 drove
【解析】 考查动词时态。本句是but连接的并列句,drive作后一分句的谓语,根据前文were amazed可知,用一般过去时。故填drove。
4.【答案】 what
【解析】 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且意义为“……的事物”,应用what引导。故填what。
5.【答案】 adaptations
【解析】 考查名词复数。空前是形容词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,adaptation在此处意为“改动”,为可数名词,根据前文的many可知,应用复数形式。故填adaptations。
6.【答案】 original
【解析】 考查形容词。空后是名词,所以空处应用形容词作定语。故填original。
7.【答案】 to lend
【解析】 考查动词不定式。根据句意可知,此处表目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故填to lend。
8.【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。此处devotion to是固定搭配,意为“对……的投入”。故填to。
9.【答案】 were called
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。call作本句谓语,和主语dolls之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据前文的was可知,用一般过去时,且主语为复数。故填were called。
10.【答案】 bearing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,bear和逻辑主语dolls之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式作定语。故填bearing。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·贵州二模)
To date,artificial repellents (驱虫剂) have been the best way to keep mosquitoes away.However,they can cause a range of health problems,which has led many to search for alternatives.The compounds responsible for nice smell of lavender (薰衣草),known as essential oils,have long been shown to drive away mosquitoes.
In a paper in the Journal of Pest Science,Zeeshan Tariq and Wang Xiaoqin at Soochow University in China use their background as textile engineers to turn the oils into long-lasting mosquito-repellent cloth that can be fashioned into outerwear.
The researchers created a solution (溶液) of Silk Fibroin and gum Arabic,a substance used to help the materials form into stable structures.The solution was stirred continuously at warm temperatures as lavender oil and water were added.Under these conditions,the Silk Fibroin and gum Arabic formed into tiny oil-containing capsules.When the solution was cooled,the stirring stopped and other important ingredients were added,the capsules sank to the bottom for collection.
They then tied thousands of these capsules to pieces of cotton cloth.Keen to see if the cloth would drive mosquitoes away,Dr Tariq and Dr Wang turned it into arm-length gloves.Then three volunteers repeatedly put gloved arms into containers full of starving mosquitoes for five minutes at a time.The researchers noted how many of the mosquitoes landed on the volunteers’ arms during each trial.As a control,each volunteer was also asked to wear a glove with no lavender capsules.It’s reported that an average of 15 mosquitoes landed on each control glove,the average landing on each scented (有香味的) arm was less than one.
The researchers were also eager to test how well the cloth held up in the wash.They,therefore,threw the gloves into ordinary washing machines and repeated the trials.Even after 40 washes,an average of only 2.5 mosquitoes landed on the 15% gloves during trials.Success has rarely smelled sweeter.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了为寻找安全的驱蚊方法,中国学者加入薰衣草精油制成持久驱蚊布,该布经试验效果良好,而且洗涤后仍具驱蚊性。
(　　)1.What makes lavender oil an alternative to artificial repellents
A.Smell. B.Safety.
C.Color. D.Cost.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知,人工驱虫剂会导致一系列健康问题,而薰衣草精油能驱蚊虫,可作为替代品,由此可推断出薰衣草精油的安全性使其成为人工驱虫剂的替代品。故选B。
(　　)2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The formation of lavender oil capsules.
B.The test of the specially designed cloth.
C.The collection of oil-containing capsules.
D.The benefits of Silk Fibroin and gum Arabic.
【答案】 A
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,文章主要讲述了研究人员通过将薰衣草精油加入丝素蛋白和阿拉伯树胶的混合溶液中,使其形成含有薰衣草精油的微小胶囊,因此第三段主要讲的是薰衣草精油胶囊的制成过程。故选A。
(　　)3.What does the underlined phrase “control glove” refer to
A.A glove with mosquitoes in it.
B.A glove controlling mosquitoes.
C.A glove giving off lavender scent.
D.A glove without lavender capsules.
【答案】 D
【解析】 短语猜测题。根据第四段最后两句可知,作为对照,志愿者被要求戴不含薰衣草精油胶囊的手套,平均有15只蚊子落在这种手套上,所以“control glove”指的是不含薰衣草精油胶囊的手套。故选D。
(　　)4.How does the author feel about the experiment
A.Critical. B.Concerned.
C.Satisfied. D.Skeptical.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,作者用“Success has rarely smelled sweeter.”表明他对试验结果非常满意,认为试验很成功。故选C。
B
　　My dad doesn’t seem like the kind of guy who would bake great bread,but he is and he does.Every Saturday he produces homemade bread.When he’s finished,the whole house smells delicious.
The rest of the week,Dad works as a mechanic (机修工).The car repair shop where Dad works is running so well that he is always busy.He is under a lot of stress.I think Dad began baking bread to help him relax.
I’ve been feeling kind of stressed out myself since I found out I failed to join the school swim team.Now I’ll have to wait a whole year to try out again.Besides,I’m taking some difficult classes this year.
I think Dad knew I was feeling bad.Last Saturday he asked me how things were going.I said OK,even though I didn’t feel OK at all.He looked at me for a moment,and then he said it was time for me to help.Then he headed to the kitchen.
I followed right behind him.Once we were there,Dad got out his big mixing bowl,handed me a large wooden spoon,and told me to mix while he added the ingredients (配料).Dad isn’t big on measuring.He knows how much of each ingredient to use,and the bread always turns out great.
When I had finished,Dad showed me how to knead the dough(揉面团).Next came the most difficult part—doing nothing.We put the dough back into the bowl and then we waited for more than an hour for the dough to slowly rise and double in size.Next,we divided it into two and waited for it to rise again.After that,we put the dough into pans (烤盘) and waited another hour for the dough to rise and double.
Dad said the waiting is always the hardest part.“Listen to me,Diana.It’s hard to resist putting the dough directly into the baking oven,but if you do,the bread will be hard.The most important lesson of all is learning to be patient,” Dad taught me more than how to bake bread.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲教作者制作面包的故事。在制作面包的过程中,父亲不仅教作者如何操作,还强调了耐心的重要性。通过这个过程,父亲向作者传达了生活的智慧和应对压力的方法。
(　　)5.What can we learn about the author’s father
A.He is living a relaxing life.
B.He tries his best to raise his family.
C.He has a special way to deal with stress.
D.He is more like a baker than a mechanic.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The car repair shop where Dad works is running so well that he is always busy.He is under a lot of stress.I think Dad began baking bread to help him relax.”可知,作者的父亲总是很忙,压力很大,他通过烤面包这种特殊的方法来放松自己,缓解压力。故选C。
(　　)6.Why is the author feeling stressed
A.She couldn’t finish her homework.
B.She is tired of making bread.
C.Her school life isn’t satisfying.
D.She failed some difficult exams.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,作者感到压力很大是因为她没能加入学校游泳队且面临困难的课程。由此可推知,作者压力大的原因是学校生活并不令人满意。故选C。
(　　)7.What does the underlined sentence “Dad isn’t big on measuring” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Dad needs me to measure.
B.Dad doesn’t like measuring the amount of ingredients.
C.Dad is careful about ingredients.
D.Dad is inexperienced in bread baking.
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意猜测题。根据画线句上文“Once we were there,Dad got out his big mixing bowl...while he added the ingredients (配料).”以及下文“He knows how much of each ingredient to use,and the bread always turns out great.”可知,父亲负责加配料,而且他能精准地把控配料的用量。由此推知,父亲并不喜欢测量配料的用量,而是凭自己的感觉来添加。故选B。
(　　)8.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.A Valuable Life Lesson
B.Enjoyable Housework
C.Father’s Unique Way to Relax
D.The Secret of Delicious Bread
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据最后一段中父亲告诉作者的话可知,在制作面包的过程中,父亲不仅教作者如何操作,还强调了耐心的重要性,向作者传达了生活的智慧和应对压力的方法,给作者上了人生中宝贵的一课。因此,A项“人生中宝贵的一课”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　Five years ago,my husband and I bought a farm.
As we restored the land,I felt my well-being　1　.I thought the farm was also working its magic on our son.Since he was 20,he has lived with mental illness.Just when it couldn’t get any worse,an unexpected 　2　 occurred in my life.We 　3　 the farm.
It has taken a couple of years to 　4　 the land,seed the lawn and build garden beds.The farm was holding our 　5　 together.Before my son went to treatment,we planted a “guild” (同一目的协会) in the old farm to support the health of trees by grouping other helpful plants around them.We dug around the 　6　 trees and placed in garlic,wildflowers,etc.and the garden seemed to grow well.
We also learnt how to 　7　 others.Our workman worked steadily and helped when I asked.Asking for help is a principle in the recovery community,a lesson my son is 　8　.The desire to recover this land has 　9　 in me.I have seen this 　10　 towards restoration in my son as well.It truly does take a village to rebuild a farm and a(n)　11　.And my son has found his own kind of guild that 　12　 him.
Owning a farm was never our　13　,but it came when our family needed a　14　 project. Digging is an act of faith,hope and 　15　 of what will appear next.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫买了一个农场,并努力修整农场的故事。作者的儿子患有心理疾病,但农场似乎对他的健康产生了积极的影响。作者对恢复这片土地的渴望在心中燃烧,并看到了儿子也有同样的愿望。
[语篇脉络]
(　　)1.A.disappearing B.lasting
C.returning D.crashing
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“also working its magic on our son”和最后一段中的“Digging is an act of faith,hope and 　15　 of what will appear next.”可推知,修整农场给作者和她的儿子带来了好的影响,所以她的幸福感又回来(returning)了。故选C。
(　　)2.A.song B.light
C.shadow D.storm
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“the farm was also working its magic on our son”和句中“Just when it couldn’t get any worse”可推知,在作者的生活糟透了的时候,农场给她的儿子带来了希望,就像出现在她生活中的一束意想不到的光(light)。故选B。
(　　)3.A.secured B.found
C.explored D.repaired
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据第一段中的“my husband and I bought a farm”可知,作者和丈夫发现(found)了农场并将它买了下来。故选B。
(　　)4.A.clear B.remove
C.shelter D.access
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合常识和句中“seed the lawn and build garden beds”可推知,播种草坪和建造花圃之前要先清理(clear)土地。故选A。
(　　)5.A.patients B.friends
C.staff D.family
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“Before my son went to treatment,we planted...”可推知,作者一家人在打理这个农场,所以农场把一家人(family)维系在一起。故选D。
(　　)6.A.weaker B.older
C.taller D.smaller
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“support the health of trees by grouping other helpful plants around them”可推知,种大蒜和野花等植物是为了帮助较弱(weaker)的树。故选A。
(　　)7.A.respond to B.appeal to
C.concentrate on D.depend on
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“Our workman worked steadily and helped when I asked.Asking for help is a principle in the recovery community”可知,修整农场需要寻求工人的协助,即作者一家人学会了如何依靠(depend on)他人。故选D。
(　　)8.A.preparing B.selecting
C.processing D.learning
【答案】 D
【解析】 “my son is　　　”是定语从句,修饰先行词a lesson,结合“Asking for help is a principle in the recovery community”可推知,“寻求帮助”是作者的儿子正在学习(learning)的课程。故选D。
(　　)9.A.grown B.changed
C.faded D.remained
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“desire to recover this land”可推知,这是在作者内心滋长(grown)的愿望。故选A。
(　　)10.A.gratitude B.contribution
C.responsibility D.drive
【答案】 D
【解析】 结合句中“as well”可知,作者的儿子与她一样,有恢复的欲望(drive),照应上文“desire”,应用名词drive。故选D。
(　　)11.A.house B.life
C.organisation D.career
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“The desire to recover this land has　9　 in me.I have seen this　10　 towards restoration in my son as well.”可知,对于作者而言,修整农场不单是为了重建,更是与儿子和自己的生活(life)相关。故选B。
(　　)12.A.supports B.impresses
C.recognises D.persuades
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“we planted a ‘guild’ (同一目的协会) in the old farm to support the health of trees”可知,此处与上文呼应,support为原词复现。故选A。
(　　)13.A.destination B.plan
C.adventure D.belief
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句中“when our family needed a　14　project”可知,农场项目是在作者一家人需要的时候出现的,并不是之前的计划(plan)。故选B。
(　　)14.A.familiar B.flexible
C.meaningful D.tough
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处指拥有一个农场从来都不是作者一家人的计划,但当他们的家庭需要一个有意义的(meaningful)项目时,它就出现了。故选C。
(　　)15.A.prediction B.admiration
C.expectation D.evaluation
【答案】 C
【解析】 挖掘是一种对未来充满信心、希望和期待(expectation)的行为。空处与名词faith,hope并列,结合句中“what will appear next”可知,此处表示一种期待。故选C。

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