资源简介

UNIT 8　LITERATURE
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Alien Clay by Adrian Tchaikovsky
On the distant world of Kiln lie the ruins of an alien civilisation.A great mystery awaits humans:who were the builders and where are they now These questions become real for Professor Arton Daghdev,exiled (流放) from Earth to Kiln’s off-world labour camp due to his mistake.Facing the planet’s dangerous ecosystem,Arton fights for survival.
Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang
A science fiction classic in a brand-new edition.From a high Babylonian tower that connects a flat Earth to the sky above,to an alien language that challenges our very sense of time and reality,Chiang’s unique imagination invites readers to question their understanding of the universe and their place in it.
War Bodies by Neal Asher
In a world ruled by robots,the Cyberat faces a rebellion (叛乱) when the human Polity arrives.Piper,raised as a weapon,seeks help from the Polity after his parents are caught by enemies.As war worsens,Piper must face the puzzling technology implanted in his own body.It could either end their fight or cause serious consequences.The future of civilisation hangs in the balance as the battle unfolds.
In the Lives of Puppets by TJ Klune
In a strange little home built into the branches of a forest live three robots.Vic Lawson,a human,lives there too.The day Vic repairs an unfamiliar android labelled “HAP”,he learns of a shared criminal past between the robots—a past spent in hunting humans.The robots,once hidden and safe,are now exposed.
【语篇导读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四本科幻书籍。
(　　)1.Which book explores the relations between humans and the universe
A.Alien Clay.
B.In the Lives of Puppets.
C.War Bodies.
D.Stories of Your Life and Others.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang部分中的“From a high Babylonian tower that...of the universe and their place in it.”可知,Stories of Your Life and Others这本书探索人类与宇宙之间的关系。故选D。
(　　)2.Whose book uncovers the crime done by robots to humans
A.Adrian Tchaikovsky’s.
B.Ted Chiang’s.
C.Neal Asher’s.
D.TJ Klune’s.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据In the Lives of Puppets by TJ Klune部分中的“The day Vic repairs an unfamiliar android...are now exposed.”可知,TJ Klune在In the Lives of Puppets一书中揭露了机器人对人类犯下的罪行。故选D。
(　　)3.Who is the text probably intended for
A.Book reviewers.
B.Science fiction lovers.
C.Universe researchers.
D.Robot developers.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Alien Clay by Adrian Tchaikovsky部分中的“On the distant world...an alien civilisation.”、Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang部分中的“A science fiction classic in a brand-new edition.”、War Bodies by Neal Asher部分中的“In a world ruled by robots...Polity arrives.”及In the Lives of Puppets by TJ Klune部分中的“In a strange little home...live three robots.”可知,这四本书都与科幻有关。由此可推知,本文是写给科幻小说爱好者的。故选B。
B
Kafka worked in an Italian insurance company for a year,during which period his letter witnessed that he was unhappy with his working time schedule,as it made it difficult for him to concentrate on his writing.On July 15,1908,he resigned,and two weeks later he got employed by the Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute.Both in his letters and his diaries,Kafka frequently complained about his life at work.
He was promoted to the position of chief clerk at the Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute,where he worked from 8:30 a.m.until 2:30 p.m.Then he had lunch around 3:00 p.m.,slept until 7:30 p.m.,did some exercise and had a family dinner,after which he started work around 11:00 p.m (the letter-and diary-writing took up several hours a day).“Depending on my strength,inclination and luck,until one,two,or three o’clock,once even till six in the morning.” This routine left him permanently on the verge of collapse.It would be wrong,however,to consider him a long-suffering official who was depressed by his work or even found it detestable.On the contrary,he was a model official,precise and efficient,who successfully climbed the career ladder.
Kafka is one of the highest regarded writers of the German language,although he achieved little to no fame during his own lifetime.During his lifetime,Franz Kafka burned an estimated 90 per cent of his work.After his death at age 41,in 1924,a letter was discovered in his desk,addressed to his friend Max Brod.“Dearest Max,” it began.“My last request:Everything I leave behind me...in the way of diaries,manuscripts,letters (my own and others’),sketches and so on,to be burned unread.” Less than two months later,Brod,disregarding Kafka’s request,signed an agreement to prepare a posthumous edition of Kafka’s unpublished novels.Thanks largely to Brod’s efforts,Kafka’s slim,mysterious works were gradually recognised as one of the great monuments of 20th century literature.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了弗朗茨·卡夫卡的职业经历、写作困境以及他去世后的声名鹊起,主要介绍了他的生活历程和对文学的贡献。
(　　)4.Why did Kafka quit the job on July 15,1908
A.Because he found a better job.
B.Because he found it affected his writing.
C.Because he had to work ten hours a day.
D.Because he needed money to support his family.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kafka worked in an...the Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute.”可知,卡夫卡辞职是因为他发现他的工作时间安排影响了他的写作。故选B。
(　　)5.What can we learn about Kafka
A.He did poorly in his work.
B.He got all of his works published.
C.He was famous when he was alive.
D.He had a preference for writing.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Kafka worked in an...to concentrate on his writing.”和最后一段中的“Thanks largely to Brod’s efforts...of 20th century literature.”可推知,卡夫卡对写作有着极高的热爱,尽管生前未获名声,但其作品后来被认定为文学巨作。故选D。
(　　)6.What contributed to Kafka’s fame according to the last paragraph
A.His friend’s efforts.
B.His experience.
C.His diligence.
D.His luck.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thanks largely to Brod’s efforts...of 20th century literature.”可知,卡夫卡的成名很大程度上归功于他的朋友Brod的努力。故选A。
(　　)7.In which column of the newspaper can you read the passage
A.Geography. B.Health.
C.Literature. D.Sports.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文,根据第一段中的“Kafka worked in an...Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute.”和最后一段中的“Thanks largely to...of 20th century literature.”可知,文章主要讲述了弗朗茨·卡夫卡的生活和工作经历及其文学成就。由此可推知,这篇文章最有可能出现在报纸的文学专栏上。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
In today’s world of digital distractions,the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless and impossible challenge.Surely a child won’t have the patience to stare at something for long.1.　　
Being exposed to art,however,holds profound significance for the development of young minds,both intellectually and emotionally.2.　　　 Each painting,sculpture,or photograph in art galleries tells a story,inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with it on a personal level.
But with many kids being extremely picky eaters,and galleries seeming as appetising as yesterday’s porridge,how can we get them to tuck in 3.　　　 I firmly believe art galleries can be great fun if we set out with the intention of making them so.
First,why not let your children enjoy art on their own terms Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow,stopping to look at every picture 4.　　　 If they want to head straight for a certain display,let them.If something catches their eye on the other side of the room,that’s absolutely fine.
5.　　　 What really matters in a gallery is that children build a connection with art,for whatever reason.To encourage this,you can make it into a game,either with or without a reward,with simple questions like,“Who can guess the artist ” I did this many times with my children and always found that it enhanced their interest.
A.Let them determine the pace.
B.Make the art gallery fit in with your kids.
C.Turning art into a game is another trick.
D.The answer is to approach them with fresh eyes.
E.It is a crying shame that they are least-visited attractions.
F.It allows children opportunities to engage in diverse perspectives and cultures.
G.It’s understandable to think of art galleries as anything but child-friendly places.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了带孩子参观美术馆有助于孩子们的智力和情感发展,通过让孩子自主探索和将艺术变成游戏可以增强他们对艺术的兴趣。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 上文“In today’s world...a thankless and impossible challenge.”提到带孩子去美术馆似乎是一项出力不讨好且不可能完成的挑战。G项“把美术馆想象成一个不适合儿童的地方是可以理解的”符合语境。G项中的“anything but child-friendly places”与上文中的“impossible challenge”相呼应。故选G。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 上文提到接触艺术对青少年的智力和情感发展都有着深远的意义,F项中的“engage in diverse perspectives and cultures”与上文中的“profound significance”相呼应,是这种深远意义的具体表现形式,且代词It指代上文中的“Being exposed to art”。所以F项“它使儿童有机会参与不同的观点和文化”符合语境。故选F。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 上文提出了“如何提高孩子们对美术馆的兴趣”的问题。D项中的“answer”与上文的问句相呼应,回答上句提出的问题,因此D项“答案是以全新的眼光接近它们”符合语境。故选D。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 上文提到逛美术馆不一定要慢慢走,不必每一幅画都停下来看。A项“让他们决定节奏”符合语境,A项中的“pace”与上文的“slow”相呼应。故选A。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 下文提到可以把参观美术馆的过程变成一个游戏,可以问孩子一些问题。C项“把艺术变成游戏是另一个技巧”符合语境,C项中的“game”与下文的“game”一致,且“another trick”与第四段中的“First”形成并列关系。故选C。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Oh,dear,I am surprised you didn’t know that your little brother is blind!” Hearing Nathan’s words,I was extremely desperate to find out the truth about my two-year-old brother,David.
With a misty vision,I ran home as fast as I could.Still out of breath,I questioned,“Is David blind ” Mother turned to me with tears in her eyes.“Yes,he’s born blind.” It was a heartbreaking moment.I knew clearly the dream of showing David my cool soccer moves or playing games with him ended cruelly.“Why did you keep the truth from me I often wondered why he didn’t look at me or why he was always tripping over things and I thought it was because he was still too young...” Before I could continue any further,mother hugged me and cried,“I’m sorry,Caleb.Dad and I just didn’t know how to tell you.”
Suddenly,it struck me that David was blind but he could still hear the whole conversation.Not wanting him to be affected by it,I stopped crying and went forward and embraced him.“I love you so much,David.” Worry crept upon me: How hard life would be for him!
Little did I know that David was to inspire me so greatly.
As David grew up,he was fairly strong-willed.Despite the challenges that he faced,he continued to attend the school for visually impaired children.He insisted he would take the bus home on his own.Often,he would walk through the main door looking sheepish and saying the same phrase,“Sorry Mum,I am late.I boarded the wrong bus again.”
Tough as life was,there was always silver lining of misfortune.Despite not being able to see,he could play a piece of music after listening to it being played once on the piano.He even dreamt of playing solo (独奏) one day onstage.Luckily for him,the school had discovered David’s extraordinary talent.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
One day,David burst through the main door excitedly.
Paragraph 2:
Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
Who David,mother and I 急切 难过 担心 激动、不安 宽慰、自豪
Where At home and at school
What David was blind but strong-willed.He inspired me through his efforts.
Conflict & Clue Conflict: David would give a performance.I was a little worried about him,because he was blind. Clue: Despite not being able to see,he could play music.
Theme David’s strong will and determination inspired me.
Para.1 One day,David burst through the main door excitedly. Q1: Why was David excited Q2: What was the family’s reaction Q3: What did David do in the following days
Para.2 Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage. Q1: How did David behave on the stage Q2: What was the audience’s reaction Q3: How did David influence me
　　One possible version:
One day,David burst through the main door excitedly. Unable to conceal his delight and thrill,he announced that the school would like him to play solo at the school concert hall.The whole family was extremely thrilled for him,for it was a perfect opportunity to realise his music dream.There was also a bit worry that he might suffer a blow in case of failure, which threw us into a hint of uneasiness.But we had faith in him.The following days witnessed him repeatedly practising the chosen music skillfully. Then came the big day when he would go onstage.
Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage. With the widest smile on his face,he walked towards the grand piano located in the middle of the stage.I sat up with anticipation, heart filled with pride.His fingers flew on the keys as his music filled the air of the concert hall.After the last note was played,the whole hall erupted into applause.David stood up and took a bow, smiling broadly as the spotlight shone brightly on him.He would always be an inspiration to me.Through him,I learnt having a persevering spirit could overcome challenges and David truly had that.
点津:为形容词短语作状语,conceal his delight and thrill 为动作描写;
为which引导的非限制性定语从句,a hint of uneasiness为情感描写;
为Then引起的完全倒装句,其中包含一个when引导的定语从句;
为with复合结构,且为神态描写;
为独立主格结构;
为现在分词作伴随状语。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·山东临朐高三检测)
I believe in the power of science fiction,not just for its capacity to turn dreams into reality,but also for its power to gather those who share a common view about the future.For me,that’s true of my relationship with my dad.Some fathers and sons bond over sports,fishing or hunting,but my dad and I bond over science fiction.
Over the years,nearly every situation has become far away for my dad and me.When it’s warm at night,we’re not driving along some dark streets in Indiana,but going at slow speed with stars dimly shining.Both of us are thinking of them,without needing to say a word.All these imaginations of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
A science fiction writer once said,“Science fiction is a way of thinking,a way of logic that bypasses a lot of nonsense.It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad,and it has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future.I’m now a science fiction writer.
Yes,science fiction has made me into a “nerd” and it has also been a source of joy for my family,making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology.Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it.Thank my dad,who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。
(　　)1.What contributes to the bond between the author and his father
A.Their similar dream.
B.Their love for each other.
C.Their common interest.
D.Their hobby of fishing.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,有些父亲和儿子会因为运动、钓鱼或打猎而增进感情,但作者和父亲却因为科幻小说而增进感情。故选C。
(　　)2.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 2
A.His deep impression of his dad.
B.His feeling of staying with his dad.
C.His earliest memory of his dad.
D.His good relationship with his dad.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句可知,该段主要讲述了作者和父亲共同的爱好和一起做的事,体现了他们之间的良好关系。故选D。
(　　)3.How does science fiction help the author at present
A.It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B.It brings him the courage to live better.
C.It inspires him to face the danger of technology.
D.It makes him a source of his family’s joy.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,科幻小说不仅影响了作者和父亲的关系,还帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。作者现在是一名科幻小说作家。故选A。
(　　)4.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Wonders Science Brings
B.The Power of Science Fiction
C.The Stories About Science Fiction
D.The Time Together with My Father
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句可知,作者相信科幻小说的力量,不仅因为它能把梦想变成现实,还因为它能把那些对未来有着共同愿景的人联系在一起。后文主要讲述了作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。因此,B项最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
B
As a child of a Chinese mother and a British father,young Lily had always been fascinated by the rich tapestry of her dual heritage.However,it wasn’t until her first visit to China that she truly began to appreciate the depth of Chinese culture.One particular experience stood out:her first encounter with the art of Chinese tea.
Lily had grown up with the aroma of tea wafting through her home,a legacy of her mother’s Chinese roots.Yet,it was in the ancient teahouses of Hangzhou that she discovered the soul of Chinese tea culture.There,amidst the gentle rustle of bamboo and the soft murmur of conversation,she observed the ritualistic preparation of tea,a process as natural as the flow of the streams she had once explored in the English countryside.
Her mother,a connoisseur (鉴赏家) of Chinese teas,introduced Lily to the subtleties of tasting.Why do certain leaves unfurl to reveal hidden flavours Which infusions can evoke the essence of a mountain mist or a summer breeze With each sip,Lily felt a connection to her ancestral home,a bond that transcended language and tradition.
The journey of tea from leaf to cup became a metaphor for Lily’s own journey of self-discovery.She decided to embark on a quest to understand the art of tea,to learn how the Chinese have cultivated and cherished this ancient beverage for centuries.She would later refer to this pursuit as her “cultural eco-journey”.
The task Lily set for herself was to immerse herself in the tea culture,to experience firsthand the process from tea picking to brewing.First,she visited the lush tea gardens of Longjing,where she learnt about the meticulous care required for each leaf.Then she travelled to the workshops where artisans crafted the tea,each step a testament to the harmony between human skill and natural bounty.
She was captivated by the results.The tea she tasted was not just a drink; it was a story,a history,and a tradition that had been passed down through generations.Within moments,the flavours unfolded on her palate,a testament to the purity and wisdom of Chinese tea culture.
Over time,Lily has delved deeper into the world of tea.She has explored the tea ceremonies of various regions,each with its unique customs and significance.She also discovered the therapeutic properties of tea,how it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote health and well-being.
“Cultural immersion” is what Lily calls her approach to understanding her heritage.“The world is a treasure trove (宝库) of experiences for the curious,” she says.“You immerse yourself in new cultures and observe the traditions.Then you let these new insights shape your own understanding of the world.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lily通过探索中国茶文化来体验和理解自己双重的文化背景的事情。
(　　)5.What can we learn about Lily from the first two paragraphs
A.She was curious about her dual heritage.
B.She preferred the British lifestyle.
C.She had a deep interest in tea.
D.She longed to visit China.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段的前两句可知,Lily对自己的双重遗产很好奇,并且渴望了解中国文化。故选A。
(　　)6.What is Lily’s purpose of visiting the tea gardens and workshops
A.To learn about the tea-making process.
B.To find the perfect cup of tea.
C.To understand the cultural significance of tea.
D.To test her knowledge of Chinese tea.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知,Lily参观茶园和作坊是为了了解制茶过程。故选A。
(　　)7.What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning Longjing
A.To review Lily’s cultural journey.
B.To show an application of Lily’s interest in tea.
C.To compare different tea regions in China.
D.To dispel doubts about the quality of Chinese tea.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段内容可知,作者提到龙井是为了展示Lily如何将自己对茶的兴趣付诸实践,即通过亲自去龙井茶园学习来更深入地了解茶。故选B。
(　　)8.What is the basis for Lily’s cultural exploration
A.The desire to connect with her Chinese roots.
B.The belief in the therapeutic properties of tea.
C.The fascination with the art of tea preparation.
D.The curiosity about the cultural significance of tea.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和最后一段内容并结合全文内容可知,Lily的文化探索是基于她想要与自己的中国根源建立联系的愿望。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Around 2,000 years ago,ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 equal segments,each segment was called a “Solar Term”.Each solar term　1　 a unique period of a year.But have you ever heard the term—“Hui Nantian”,a unique meteorological (气象的) 　2　 that occurs 　3　 in southern China This term,which translates to “the return of the south wind”,encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift that not only 　4　 the weather patterns,but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the 　5　 from winter to spring,when the cold,dry air of winter 　6　 the warm,damp air of the south.This change is not merely a meteorological shift;it’s a cultural event.People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a 　7　 of excitement and caution.
On the one hand,it signals the end of winter and the　8　 of spring,a time of renewal and rebirth.On the other hand,the 　9　 humidity and dampness can present challenges,especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and 　10　 personal items.In Chinese culture,
“Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs.It also reflects the importance of respect for 　11　 and traditional values in Chinese culture.In addition,it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature”.This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the 　12　 of nature,such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
By 　13　 these natural rhythms,it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony,which is essential for leading a healthy and 　14　 life.Overall,“Hui Nantian” shows a blend of traditional practices,beliefs,and values that are unique to Chinese culture.These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also 　15　 harmony and balance in people’s lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国南方特有的气象现象“回南天”,它标志着冬春季节的转换,影响天气、生活及生产活动,体现了人与自然和谐共处的传统理念。
[语篇脉络]
(　　)1.A.reviewed B.represented
C.regained D.researched
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空后的“a unique period of a year”可知,每一个节气代表(represented)一年中一个独特的时期。故选B。
(　　)2.A.phenomenon B.view
C.landscape D.opinion
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“This term,which translates to...cultural practices in this region.”可知,“回南天”是一种独特的气象现象(phenomenon)。故选A。
(　　)3.A.hardly B.seldom
C.primarily D.never
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“in southern China”以及常识可知,“回南天”主要(primarily)出现在中国南方。故选C。
(　　)4.A.maintains B.remains
C.changes D.keeps
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“This term,which translates to...a seasonal shift”可知,“回南天”会改变(changes)天气模式。故选C。
(　　)5.A.transportation B.show
C.transplant D.shift
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“a seasonal shift”以及空后的“from winter to spring”可知,“回南天”发生在冬季向春季的转换(shift)之时。故选D。
(　　)6.A.gives out B.gives up
C.gives off D.gives way to
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前的“when the cold,dry air of winter”以及空后的“the warm,damp air of the south”可知,此处描述的是冬季到春季的气候变化,寒冷干燥的空气让位给(gives way to)温暖潮湿的空气。故选D。
(　　)7.A.result B.force
C.mix D.power
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文的“This change is...a cultural event.”以及空后的“of excitement and caution”可知,此处指人们以一种混合的(mix)情绪对待“回南天”,既期待又警惕。故选C。
(　　)8.A.end B.approach
C.warmth D.beauty
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文可知,“回南天”标志着冬天的结束,也意味着春天的临近(approach)。故选B。
(　　)9.A.decreased B.lost
C.increased D.regained
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后的“humidity and dampness”可知,此处指“回南天”增加的(increased)湿度和潮湿可能带来挑战。故选C。
(　　)10.A.arriving B.preserving
C.serving D.approving
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文可知,增加的湿度和潮湿给保持建筑物的完整性带来挑战,设空处与“maintaining”并列,所以这里指保存(preserving)个人物品。故选B。
(　　)11.A.ancestors B.wealth
C.harvest D.descendants
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空前的“It also reflects the importance of respect”以及文化背景可知,“回南天”反映了中国文化中尊重祖先(ancestors)和传统价值观的重要性。故选A。
(　　)12.A.circles B.return
C.power D.cycles
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文的“such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy”可知,此处指的是与自然世界和谐共处,尊重自然界的周期循环(cycles),如季节更替和能量流动。故选D。
(　　)13.A.following B.keeping
C.noticing D.staying
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“it is believed that...healthy and 　14　 life”可知,此处指遵循(following)自然规律,人们就可以达到内心的平静与和谐。故选A。
(　　)14.A.brilliant B.unforgettable
C.necessary D.satisfying
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前的“which is essential for leading a healthy”可知,内心和谐对过上健康和满意的(satisfying)生活是极其重要的。故选D。
(　　)15.A.protect B.promote
C.preview D.predict
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文的“‘Hui Nantian’ shows a blend of...to Chinese culture”可知,此处指传统习俗在保存文化遗产和促进(promote)人们生活的和谐与平衡方面发挥着积极作用。故选B。UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard.If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest,they would run first and question later.At the same time,the ability to analyse and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals.The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉) and when to think slowly matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace.Yet instinct also has its place.
Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis.In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations,instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved.Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience.In one well-known experiment,volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not.Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate (深思熟虑) over their decision.Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags;indeed,it outperformed analysis.The more expert you become,the better your instinct tends to be.
However,the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is,well,fast.It is often the only way to get through the day.To take one example,when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day,there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully.Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened.Fast thinking can also help the entire organisation.The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all.Yet as data explodes,the temptation to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist.Managers often suffer from overthinking,turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition.Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning Above all,is it worth delaying the decision Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right.But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning into a waste of time.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Accurate. 　B.Creative.
C.Controllable. 　D.Obvious.
【答案】 A
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Instinct can also be improved.”及第三段最后一句“The more expert you become,the better your instinct tends to be.”可知,大量研究表明,随着经验的积累,直觉变得更加准确。故“unerring”意为“无偏差的,精确的”。故选A。
(　　)2.How is the third paragraph mainly developed
A.By process. B.By comparison.
C.By example. D.By classification.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,本段主要通过实例展开论述。故选C。
(　　)3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B.Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C.Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D.Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened.Fast thinking can also help the entire organisation.”可知,快速思考可以提高工作效率,避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B。
B
Generations of parents have told their children to practise their musical instruments.They have good reason for it:Learning an instrument is not only associated with better educational attainment but also cognition (认知) and even intelligence scores in children.But does this musicality translate to better cognition thinking later in life
A recent study showed that musical people had better memory and executive (决策的) function than those with less or no musicality.This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities,such as playing an instrument,should result in continued brain health benefits.
Singing is a very popular musical activity as it allows joining musical groups,such as choirs.But does singing provide the same cognitive benefit as playing an instrument According to the study,singing can result in better executive function but not memory,suggesting that playing an instrument has additional brain health benefits.However,singing has strong social benefits when done in choirs,and there is strong evidence that being engaged in social activity is good for our brain health.
Many people might remember the famous “Mozart Effect”,which was based on a 1993 study showing that when students were played Mozart,they scored higher on intelligence tests.Sadly,the current study found having played the recorder for three years at primary school might not have that big an impact on our cognitive performance.So,passively listening to music doesn’t seem to provide any cognitive benefits.
Playing an instrument or singing seems to have benefits to our brain health in aging,according to the study.What is yet to be established is whether this would also help prevent future cognitive decline or dementia.However,considering the overall cognitive and social benefits of learning an instrument or singing in a choir,it might be worth engaging in such cognitive stimulation as we age.Our parents would be proud of us.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了演奏乐器和唱歌对大脑健康的影响。
(　　)4.Why do parents intend their kids to learn an instrument
A.Because they suppose it can broaden the kids’ horizons.
B.Because they design the kids to be musicians in the future.
C.Because they expect to equip the kids with critical thinking.
D.Because they think it can improve the kids’ study and thinking.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Learning an instrument...intelligence scores in children”可知,父母希望他们的孩子学乐器是因为他们认为这可以提高孩子的学习和思考能力。故选D。
(　　)5.Where could singing differ from playing an instrument
A.It results in better memories.
B.It has social benefits.
C.It requires more energy.
D.It shapes brain development.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However,singing has strong...for our brain health.”可知,唱歌与演奏乐器的不同之处是唱歌还有社交益处。故选B。
(　　)6.What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning “Mozart Effect”
A.To show that cognition relies on active engagement.
B.To display the real role that music plays in study.
C.To list similarities between music and study.
D.To demonstrate how to play a recorder properly.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后两句可推知,作者提到“莫扎特效应”是为了表明认知依赖于积极的参与。故选A。
(　　)7.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Why Do People Prefer Singing
B.What Musicals Can Do for You
C.How Music Boosts Your Brain
D.Where Shall We Find Musicality
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,根据第二段的第一句、第三段的第二句以及最后一段的第一句可知,文章主要介绍了音乐,特别是演奏乐器和唱歌是如何有益于大脑健康的。由此可推知,C项“音乐如何增强大脑功能”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
C
The art of writing by hand has a great history.From Emily Dickinson’s elegant cursive(草书)to Stephen King’s neat block lettering,many of the most famous and important works of literature have been written by hand,reports Forbes,even when,as in King’s case,electronic word processing was an option.Now,studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory,brain development,and even the quality of the writing itself.
Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s,even more so due to computers.In fact,many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums.However,despite the sense that writing on paper is passe,it actually has a number of important benefits.
Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that.A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand,leads to shallower processing of the material learnt.This is because when using a laptop,students will often type out lectures verbatim (逐字地),as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language.
These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information.In this case,writing it by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams.A study led by Dr.Virginia Berninger,a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington,suggests that children write longer and more complex essays when they are writing by hand,as opposed to using a keyboard.So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one,consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了手写对记忆、大脑发育以及写作本身的好处。
(　　)8.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1
A.Introduce the new finding of the study.
B.Describe the history of the writing art.
C.Show the benefits of writing by hand.
D.Tell the story of some famous writers.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,本段主要是为了介绍这项研究的新发现。故选A。
(　　)9.What does the underlined word “passe” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Necessary. B.Out-of-date.
C.Essential. D.Fundamental.
【答案】 B
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第二段的前两句可知,有人认为手写已经成为一门垂死的艺术,所以画线词所在句的意思是“尽管在纸上写字已经过时了”。故选B。
(　　)10.What can we infer from the study from the Association for Psychological Science
A.Taking notes on a laptop contributes to deeper processing of the material learnt.
B.When using a laptop,students will often type out lectures in a whole new light.
C.Writing by hand makes people process information in their own language.
D.Typing out lectures can help people reword information.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知,与手写笔记相比,在笔记本电脑上记笔记会导致对所学材料的浅层处理。这是因为当使用笔记本电脑时,学生们经常会逐字输入讲课内容,而不是处理信息并用自己的语言重新表述。由此可推知,手写能够帮助人们处理信息并用自己的语言重新表述。故选C。
(　　)11.How should you express your love to your loved one according to the passage
A.By typing the email.
B.By writing by yourself.
C.By writing longer essays.
D.By reading a poem.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,我们可以通过手写信的方式向自己所爱之人表达爱意,这可能会对大脑更好。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(期刊 《国家地理》)
Doing morning exercises is a daily routine in every Chinese kindergarten and school.For the grown-ups,however,familiar schoolyards have already been replaced 1.　　　　 public parks.
The morning scenes in central parks around China are lively.At every corner of the park,you can also see people 2.　　　　(practise) many kinds of sports: square dancing,badminton and so on.
But the most eye-catching groups in the park are the so-called “Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies”,3.　　　　 videos have gone viral on the Internet.Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started exercising after their 4.　　　　(retire).They say age is just a number when it comes to fitness.
The 5.　　　　(benefit) of exercise are endless:A healthier body together with a 6.　　　　 (happy) mood.No matter how old they are or when during the day they exercise,they will always strengthen the body.
Social connection is also what the elderly seek during their morning workout.Feng,who is seventy-two years old,plays Taijiquan 7.　　　　(serious) every day.He 8.　　　　 (keep) this exercise routine for six years and now he is managing an online group of over 200 members who share 9.　　　　 same hobby.
“What I like about this place is that newcomers are always welcome.Everyone in the park feels10.　　　　(include),” said Feng.It is like a chorus of life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了中国公园里的晨练现象和晨练的好处。
1.【答案】 with/by　
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be replaced with/by意为“被……取代”。故填with/by。
2.【答案】 practising　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。see sb doing sth 意为“看见某人正在做某事”,符合此处的用法及句意。故填practising。
3.【答案】 whose　
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies指人,关系词代替先行词在从句中作videos的定语,应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
4.【答案】 retirement　
【解析】 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处应填名词作介词after的宾语。故填retirement。
5.【答案】 benefits　
【解析】 考查名词复数。分析句子结构再结合空后的are可知,本空应用复数形式作主语。故填benefits。
6.【答案】 happier　
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。分析可知,此处与空前的A healthier body并列,应用比较级形式。故填happier。
7.【答案】 seriously　
【解析】 考查副词。分析可知,此处应用副词修饰动词plays。故填seriously。
8.【答案】 has kept/has been keeping　
【解析】 考查动词的时态。结合句意和时间状语for six years可知,句子时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在(且很有可能继续下去),且主语He为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has kept/has been keeping。
9.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。结合空后的same可知,此处应填冠词the,the same意为“同样的”。故填the。
10.【答案】 included　
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词形式作表语。故填included。
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
In distance running,it turns out that humans are better than other species,even if our two-leggedness makes us about half as fast as other mammals of similar size,on average.So what is it about our bodies and our physiology (生理学) that allows us to undertake such long and tough runs
“Our ancestors developed adaptations for running literally from toe to head,” said Lieberman,a human evolutionary biologist at Harvard University.“There’s no part of our body that running doesn’t touch.”
According to Lieberman,our toes are short so they don’t break while running.And in general,our lower body has larger joints,tendons (筋,腱) and muscles than our upper body does to absorb the forces we generate at speed.Strong muscles in our rears (臀部) keep our upper body from falling forward,and our arms,swinging in a controlled manner,stabilise our heads.
But perhaps the biggest adaptations that set humans apart deal with our ability to release heat.Our tall,upright bodies create a lot of surface area for cooling,and the ability to breathe from both the nose and mouth helps dump heat as well.
Humans are also one of the only species with the ability to sweat,and without thick fur,our sweat can easily evaporate (蒸发) from our skin,cooling us down.All of these adaptations led humans to adopt what’s known as persistence hunting long before the invention of early weapons.Rather than chasing down prey,hunters likely followed their prey for miles until the animal was exhausted.Other animals do this too,but none can persistently hunt during the day or in hot climates.
“Hunting gave humans access to more energy,which made our brains grow larger.In turn,our brains have co-evolved alongside,and fed into,our ability to run and hunt,” said Missy Thompson,a biologist at Fort Lewis College.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了人类在长距离跑步方面的优势,并分析了其原因。
(　　)1.Why are humans better at distance running than other species
A.Because of our strong muscles.
B.Because of our adaptations for running.
C.Because of our psychology of living.
D.Because of our desire for challenges.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,人类之所以比其他物种更擅长长跑是因为我们的身体适应了跑步。故选B。
(　　)2.What’s the function of strong muscles in our rears during running
A.They help keep a steady pace.
B.They assist in breathing efficiently.
C.They provide strength for the legs.
D.They maintain the upper body stable.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Strong muscles in our rears...from falling forward”可知,跑步时,强健的臀部肌肉使我们保持上半身的稳定。故选D。
(　　)3.What’s the direct result of sweating
A.Cooling human body temperature.
B.Improving the human ability to breathe.
C.Chasing down prey quickly and accurately.
D.Exhausting animal body energy persistently.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知,出汗可以使人体降温。故选A。
(　　)4.What message does Thompson seem to convey in the text
A.Hunting helps with running training.
B.Hunting benefits the brain development.
C.Hunting is closely linked to human evolution.
D.Hunting and brain development are mutually reinforcing.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Thompson认为狩猎能力和大脑发育是共同进化、相辅相成的。故选D。
B
When we come across a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm.However,plenty of evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximise collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we’d better turn to a process called “brainwriting”.
You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.
Next,you collect them and share them among the group without telling the authors.Then,
each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation,the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions.
Rather,they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas.A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialised tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.
Research by organisational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it is too easy for participation to become one-sided in favour of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room,it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn’t end there.Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone.This implies that while individuals may come up with more brilliant ideas than groups,they also tend to produce a large number of less viable or even terrible ideas.Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“脑力写作”的团队创意生成方法。
(　　)5.What’s the purpose of brainwriting
A.To discover the hidden potential in teams.
B.To minimise collective intelligence.
C.To use thinkers’ brains separately.
D.To develop and assess ideas individually.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,脑力写作的目的是挖掘团队的潜在能力。故选A。
(　　)6.What may help to save the miners in Chile
A.Brainstorming sessions.
B.The urgency of the situation.
C.A tiny plastic telephone.
D.Researchers from universities.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句可知,在智利矿工救援的例子中,一个24岁的工程师提出的微型塑料电话成了与被困矿工沟通的唯一方法,从而有助于救援成功。故选C。
(　　)7.What do the underlined words “this method” refer to
A.Brainstorming.
B.Balanced participation.
C.Collective intelligence.
D.Brainwriting.
【答案】 D
【解析】 短语猜测题。根据画线短语后面的内容“They find that...brought into conversation.”可知,此处强调的是脑力写作能够确保所有想法都能被提出并参与讨论,即对“脑力写作”方法的作用进行解释。故画线短语指代的是“脑力写作”。故选D。
(　　)8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.What is brainwriting.
B.How best ideas occur.
C.Why brainwriting is good.
D.Where best ideas are.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知,本段主要讲述了集体智慧开始于个体创造力,但并不止步于此,个体在独自工作时能产生更多新颖的想法,但同时也可能产生一些糟糕的想法,因此需要集体判断来筛选出最佳想法,即最佳想法是如何产生的。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Strengthen Your Willpower
Many of us face challenges with willpower,yet most people seem to believe this skill can be learnt and strengthened.Fortunately,researchers have also come to similar conclusions.1.　　　.
Work it like a muscle
Think of willpower as a muscle that can be strengthened with time and effort.Experts recommend simple but challenging tasks,like using your left hand to open doors or turning off lights when leaving a room.2.　　　.Training your willpower can have amazing effects,but don’t overdo it.
3.　　　
Bad sleeping habits exhaust you physically and mentally,affecting your resistance to temptation.Sleep-deprived people are more prone to lack of focus and risky decisions.While everyone’s sleep needs vary,the National Sleep Foundation recommends seven to nine hours of sleep per night for the best performance.
Meditate
4.　　　.Regular mindfulness meditation improves focus and willpower even when not actively meditating.Easy to perform anywhere,anytime,a five-minute session in the morning or during lunch is a great start.With practice,resisting the urge to wander will make resisting other temptations easier.
Avoid temptations
When tempted by food,drinks,or spending,use the “out of sight,out of mind” method.If not possible,remove the temptation or distance yourself temporarily.Walk,call a friend,or pursue a hobby until the urge fades.5.　　　.Distraction until the urge passes can help you stay focused and reach your goals.
A.Sleep as long as possible
B.Form a good sleeping habit
C.Here are tips to help you strengthen your willpower
D.Meditation is a powerful tool for enhancing willpower
E.Engage in these tasks for a few weeks to boost your willpower
F.This is effective for behavioural addictions or problematic behaviours
G.Meditation is the act of remaining in a silent and calm state for a period of time
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何增强个人的意志力,意志力像肌肉一样,可以通过时间和努力来增强。
1.【答案】 C
【解析】 上文提出大多数人似乎都相信意志力是可以学习和加强的,根据下文提出的具体建议可知,设空处应该是过渡句,引起下文。C项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你增强意志力”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
2.【答案】 E
【解析】 上文提到专家建议做一些简单但有挑战性的任务,比如用左手开门或离开房间时关灯。E项中的“these tasks”与上文的“simple but challenging tasks”相互呼应,所以E项“花几周时间完成这些任务来增强你的意志力”符合语境。故选E。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 设空处为本段的小标题。下文内容与睡眠习惯有关,B项“养成良好的睡眠习惯”概括了本段的主要内容,符合语境。故选B。
4.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据本段小标题Meditate可知,本段主要讲的是通过冥想来增强自己的意志力。D项“冥想是增强意志力的一个有力工具”与小标题呼应,符合语境。故选D。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 上文强调当受到食物、饮料或消费的诱惑时,可以通过散步、给朋友打电话或者追求一个爱好的方法来避免上瘾和沉迷。F项中的“This”指代上文的通过分散注意力而消除诱惑的方法,所以F项“这对行为成瘾或有问题的行为很有效”符合语境。故选F。选择性必修　第三册
UNIT 7　CAREERS
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Levon Biss was looking at insects from his garden through an expensive microscope he bought for his son.For fun,they unintentionally placed an insect under the lens (镜头).“It is amazingly beautiful! ” they both screamed.
The father had been making a career taking photos for advertisements.But that experience gave him a new direction.Around the world,insect populations are in decline because of habitat loss and climate change.Biss thought that if people could see what he saw through his son’s microscope,they would care more about protecting insects.
So Biss turned to macrophotography: taking close-up pictures of small things,like flowers or insects.His work has not only attracted attention for its unusual beauty,but also raised awareness about the need for conservation.
In 2016,Biss showed his first insect project,Microsculpture.The term refers to the features of an insect’s exoskeleton (外骨骼),which develops over time as it adapts to its environment.
Biss’s pictures exhibit the insects in all their microscopic details.Then he blows up (放大) the images until the insects become larger than life,some of them as tall as eight feet,namely nearly 2.5 metres.But each image takes weeks to make.He uses a digital camera with a microscope lens.The camera is fixed on a computerised track,which allows Biss to take a shot,then move the camera by seven microns—a distance equals to about 1/10 the thickness of a human hair—for the next shot.In the end,Biss might take 10,000 shots of an insect.A computer combines these small pictures into a single image.
Biss’s latest exhibition was Extinct and Endangered at the American Museum of Natural History.He selected insects that were extinct or endangered,hoping his photos would serve as a better purpose.“I communicate visually,” he says.“The way I work is through pictures.But I think it’s my duty to shake things up and get people to pay attention.”
(　　)1.What made Levon Biss turn to macrophotography
A.An expensive microscope.
B.An accidental observation.
C.His son’s biology experiments.
D.Higher income to take photos for advertisements.
(　　)2.How does Levon Biss manage to display insects’ microscopic details
A.By adjusting the camera on a track.
B.By taking photos of insects’ eight feet.
C.By taking close-up pictures many times.
D.By enlarging their images on computer.
(　　)3.Which of the following can best describe Levon Biss
A.Great team spirit.
B.Positive work attitude.
C.Strong interpersonal skills.
D.High sense of responsibility.
B
A surprising new research from Auckland University of Technology(AUT),New Zealand contradicts the commonly held view that surfers are folks only focused on their own fun.Instead, they often play an important role in saving lives.The research reveals that these thrill seekers,by selflessly saving people who are struggling in the ocean,whether they are swimmers in distress or victims of boating incidents,are actually reducing deaths from drowning and thereby playing a key role in making beaches safer.
According to the World Health Organisation,an estimated 236,000 people drown worldwide each year,with drowning the third leading cause of unintentional death.
However,according to a survey,at the heart of the research,life-saving acts of heroism by surfers who save others in difficulty in the ocean waters around them,are surprisingly common.In fact,based on the sample of 418 surfers,respondents reportedly rescue an average of three people drowning or struggling in the water over the course of their lives,and some even report taking part in 10 to 20 rescues.This makes surfers the under-recognised guardians of the beach rather than the self-centred images shown in some movies.
In addition,the survey found that in almost 90 per cent of rescues,people aided by the responding surfers required no further treatment after the incident,making it unlikely that their help would be reported and therefore recorded.As one of the survey’s co-authors Jamie Mead says,“We need to get surfers the recognition they deserve and do more research to accurately quantify (用数量表述) how many rescues they’re actually doing.”
Since this research was published,there has been a growing interest in the training of surfers in life-saving skills.Sonia Keeper,an experienced surfer and instructor,explains that the insights provided by the survey have motivated surfing organisations to expand their reach and connect with an even broader community of surfers.“If life-saving skills are rolled out (正式推出) to the broader coastal surfer communities around the world,this preparation can help ensure that a good day at the beach doesn’t turn into a sad one,” she adds.
(　　)4.What is the typical impression of surfers according to the text
A.They have an interest in saving lives.
B.They are self-centred pleasure seekers.
C.They are the spotlights of most beaches.
D.They seldom witness drowning incidents.
(　　)5.What does the survey find
A.Surfers have saved many people from drowning.
B.Surfers are experienced in treating the drowned.
C.People at the beaches speak highly of surfers.
D.People are in need of more recognised guardians.
(　　)6.What’s the function of the last paragraph
A.To tell the necessity of surfing organisations.
B.To emphasise the popularity of a new type of sport.
C.To prove the benefits of taking surfing training.
D.To show the research’s societal significance.
(　　)7.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To criticise people’s wrong view on surfers.
B.To promote much wider acceptance of surfing.
C.To recognise surfers’ crucial role in beach safety.
D.To appeal for helping each other at beaches.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Restoring the Old Book
Song Jing,who is a “book doctor”,1.　　　　 (make) her way to the ancient books division after graduating from Beijing University in 2015.She has been working in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing for several years.
Song,along with her colleagues,took part in the restoration work of a copy of Yongle Dadian, an encyclopedia 2.　　　　 (create) in the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).After receiving the challenge,it took Song and her colleagues six months to research and decide on 3.　　　　to restore the books.To restore them to their 4.　　　　(origin) form,they need to gather information from various sources,such as images and texts,before they can figure out their binding (装订) style and repair them accordingly.
In the past,restorers had to rely on their experience to determine the materials appropriate
5.　　　　 (use).As technology develops,they are able to use a new method to finish the task through microscopes.6.　　　　,ancient-book restoration still requires essential manual skills, including cutting and brushing paper and binding.Apart from this,7.　　　　 restoration process also requires strong control.Unless the pressure of touching books 8.　　　　 (control) in a proper way during the brushing process,the paper will tear; if the touch is too light,the paper won’t stick.
“9.　　　　 (hopeful),I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion 10.　　　　 cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
There have been many great painters in the rich history of Chinese art.Here are four of the greatest painters from China.
Li Cheng (919—967)
Li Cheng contributed greatly to one of the golden ages of landscape paintings in world history.During his time,he was considered the best landscape painter ever.He is remembered especially for the winter landscapes he created and for simple composition of tall,old evergreens set against a dry landscape.Several of his paintings use diluted (稀释了的) pigments,which gives them a foggy appearance.
Fan Kuan (950—1032)
Fan Kuan began his career by modeling his works on those of Li Cheng but later created his own style claiming that the only true teacher was nature.His finest work Travellers Among Mountains and Streams is a masterpiece of landscape painting and many future artists turned to it for inspiration.
Qi Baishi (1864—1957)
Qi Baishi,one of the greatest traditional Chinese painters of modern times,is known for his refusal to be influenced by Western styles,unlike many of his contemporaries.He is considered to be the last great traditional painter of China.Qi Baishi painted almost everything from insects to landscapes.He is regarded highly in Chinese art for the freshness and spontaneity (自然) that he brought to the familiar types of insects,birds and flowers.
Wu Guanzhong (1919—2010)
Widely considered as the founder of modern Chinese painting,Wu Guanzhong has painted various aspects of China,like its architecture,plants,animals,figures and landscapes.Influenced by Post-Impressionist art,an important Western movement,Wu combined Western and Chinese styles to create a unique form of modern art.In 1992,he became the first living Chinese artist to have work exhibited at the British Museum.
(　　)1.What do we know about Fan Kuan
A.He copied many artists’ works.
B.His masterpiece was inspiring.
C.His works gained worldwide recognition.
D.He created his own style from the very beginning.
(　　)2.What is one feature of Wu Guanzhong’s paintings
A.They have foggy appearances.
B.They focus on a single theme.
C.They come under Western influence.
D.They show traditional painting skills.
(　　)3.What did the four Chinese painters have in common
A.They all created landscape paintings.
B.They were all influenced by Western art.
C.They were all pioneers in Chinese art history.
D.Their works were all exhibited at the British Museum.
B
For a long time,I kept a selection of books on a shelf next to my bed that I called my “heart books”.To qualify for a place on the shelf,a book had to be not only one I loved,but one that mattered.There was one book that never made it onto that shelf,though I read it in high school: Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg.
I can still remember the day I bought it.It was summer and I must have been 14 or 15. Desperate to get out of my house,I rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore.I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye.I picked it up,read a few pages,and bought it.Then I took it with me to a park,read the first few chapters,and opened my notebook to write.
It’s a fairly straightforward writing book.Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic,set a timer,and write for 10,15,or 20 minutes without picking up your pen.Free writing,timed writing,writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing class may have encountered these things.There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it attracted me so much.But it changed everything.I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer.
During my teen years and early twenties,following Goldberg’s method was at the core of my identity.No matter where I was or what I was doing,I filled notebooks.When I eventually started writing fiction,I did the same thing.The “I” in my notebooks became someone else,but I held to the same practice.
This writing practice not only introduced me to a writing group in Boston,but also paved the way for my current career.In so many ways,it led me towards self-discovery.Becoming a writer allowed me to embrace multiple identities:an activist,a business owner,a farmer,a baker...Writing is where I found my confidence.It was where I became curious about the world.From that, everything else has followed.
(　　)4.What can we learn about Writing Down the Bones from the first two paragraphs
A.It was among the list of “heart books”.
B.It was recommended by the author’s teacher.
C.The author encountered it in a bookstore.
D.The author treasured it on her book shelf.
(　　)5.What does the author think of Goldberg’s method
A.Unique and innovative.
B.Ordinary and normal.
C.Direct and typical.
D.Attractive and inspiring.
(　　)6.What did the author do while writing
A.She strictly followed Goldberg’s writing steps.
B.She wrote on her notebook whenever possible.
C.She kept practising through different methods.
D.She imagined many characters in her fictions.
(　　)7.Which is the suitable title for the text
A.Natalie Goldberg and Her Book
B.The Start of My Writing Career
C.Confidence Found Through Writing
D.Chain Reaction Caused by a Book
Ⅱ.完形填空
After months of unsuccessfully trying to secure a summer job at a newspaper to show my independence,I found myself struggling to prove my capabilities.Despite my persistence,all my attempts were 　1　.This led me to explore different avenues (途径),and I accidentally discovered a unique position that would eventually shape my career: a “flag girl” directing traffic for a construction company.The turning point came when I decided to take a more active and initiative-taking approach.　2　sending another written application,I drove directly to the construction site.My timing was fortunate;the foreman (工头) was 　3　an additional “flag girl” just as I arrived.Seizing the opportunity,I was offered the job 　4　.
On my first day,I arrived at the construction site on Monday.The foreman gave me a reflective vest (反光衣) to wear and a Stop/Slow bat to hold.My role was to 　5　traffic flow by coordinating with an experienced flag girl positioned at the opposite end of the site.The job required careful 　6　:I needed to flip (使快速翻转) my sign to “Stop” whenever she 　7　 “Slow”,allowing vehicles to pass in turn.It seemed simple,but it was not.By 8:30 am on my first day,I was already exhausted from 　8　.As the day progressed,the sun’s intensity increased, leading to sunburn on my arms.By the end of the day,my bones were aching.Despite these challenges,I decided not to 　9　 the job,driven by a desire to prove my determination and dedication.
After sticking it out all summer,I actively 　10　employment,sending applications to various newspapers and 　11　 my experience as a “flag girl” on my résumé.This unique position caught the interest of a small town newspaper,leading to a(n) 　12　 and eventually to my hiring as a junior reporter.I spent my entire career at this publication.My employer later shared that he gave me the opportunity because he was curious to see how a “flag girl” who had studied journalism would perform in the role.He was looking for someone who showed initiative and a willingness to 　13　 their comfort zone to achieve their goals.My story and experience demonstrated these qualities,　14　 I was the ideal candidate for the reporter role he needed to fill.This opportunity 　15　 the beginning of my long and fulfilling professional journey in journalism.
(　　)1.A.in place B.in vain C.in time D.in doubt
(　　)2.A.Because of B.Regardless of C.Instead of D.Apart from
(　　)3.A.training B.raising C.applying D.employing
(　　)4.A.on the whole B.on the spot C.on the way D.on the move
(　　)5.A.manage B.examine C.rescue D.invest
(　　)6.A.prediction B.calculation C.investigation D.observation
(　　)7.A.signalled B.ignored C.questioned D.annoyed
(　　)8.A.standing B.leaping C.jogging D.bending
(　　)9.A.save B.recommend C.accept D.quit
(　　)10.A.rejected B.sought C.dismissed D.avoided
(　　)11.A.permitting B.highlighting C.polishing D.reminding
(　　)12.A.interview B.task C.promotion D.award
(　　)13.A.go in for B.drop in on C.step out of D.put up with
(　　)14.A.denying B.inspiring C.producing D.confirming
(　　)15.A.relieved B.delayed C.interrupted D.marked选择性必修　第三册
UNIT 7　CAREERS
题组训练1　
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Levon Biss was looking at insects from his garden through an expensive microscope he bought for his son.For fun,they unintentionally placed an insect under the lens (镜头).“It is amazingly beautiful! ” they both screamed.
The father had been making a career taking photos for advertisements.But that experience gave him a new direction.Around the world,insect populations are in decline because of habitat loss and climate change.Biss thought that if people could see what he saw through his son’s microscope,they would care more about protecting insects.
So Biss turned to macrophotography: taking close-up pictures of small things,like flowers or insects.His work has not only attracted attention for its unusual beauty,but also raised awareness about the need for conservation.
In 2016,Biss showed his first insect project,Microsculpture.The term refers to the features of an insect’s exoskeleton (外骨骼),which develops over time as it adapts to its environment.
Biss’s pictures exhibit the insects in all their microscopic details.Then he blows up (放大) the images until the insects become larger than life,some of them as tall as eight feet,namely nearly 2.5 metres.But each image takes weeks to make.He uses a digital camera with a microscope lens.The camera is fixed on a computerised track,which allows Biss to take a shot,then move the camera by seven microns—a distance equals to about 1/10 the thickness of a human hair—for the next shot.In the end,Biss might take 10,000 shots of an insect.A computer combines these small pictures into a single image.
Biss’s latest exhibition was Extinct and Endangered at the American Museum of Natural History.He selected insects that were extinct or endangered,hoping his photos would serve as a better purpose.“I communicate visually,” he says.“The way I work is through pictures.But I think it’s my duty to shake things up and get people to pay attention.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了广告摄影师Levon Biss通过其独特的摄影方式和艺术表达对昆虫保护做出了重要贡献的故事。
(　　)1.What made Levon Biss turn to macrophotography
A.An expensive microscope.
B.An accidental observation.
C.His son’s biology experiments.
D.Higher income to take photos for advertisements.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的“But that experience gave him a new direction.” 可知,是Levon Biss和他的儿子用显微镜观察昆虫的意外发现给了他一个新的方向。故选B。
(　　)2.How does Levon Biss manage to display insects’ microscopic details
A.By adjusting the camera on a track.
B.By taking photos of insects’ eight feet.
C.By taking close-up pictures many times.
D.By enlarging their images on computer.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He uses a digital camera...into a single image.”可知,Biss使用带有显微镜镜头的数码摄像机对昆虫进行多次拍摄,最后再用电脑将这些小图像组成一张图像。故选C。
(　　)3.Which of the following can best describe Levon Biss
A.Great team spirit.
B.Positive work attitude.
C.Strong interpersonal skills.
D.High sense of responsibility.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But I think it’s my duty to shake things up and get people to pay attention.”可知,Biss觉得通过他的作品唤起人们保护昆虫的意识是自己的职责。由此可推知,他是一个有很强的责任感的人。故选D。
B
A surprising new research from Auckland University of Technology(AUT),New Zealand contradicts the commonly held view that surfers are folks only focused on their own fun.Instead,
they often play an important role in saving lives.The research reveals that these thrill seekers,by selflessly saving people who are struggling in the ocean,whether they are swimmers in distress or victims of boating incidents,are actually reducing deaths from drowning and thereby playing a key role in making beaches safer.
According to the World Health Organisation,an estimated 236,000 people drown worldwide each year,with drowning the third leading cause of unintentional death.
However,according to a survey,at the heart of the research,life-saving acts of heroism by surfers who save others in difficulty in the ocean waters around them,are surprisingly common.In fact,based on the sample of 418 surfers,respondents reportedly rescue an average of three people drowning or struggling in the water over the course of their lives,and some even report taking part in 10 to 20 rescues.This makes surfers the under-recognised guardians of the beach rather than the self-centred images shown in some movies.
In addition,the survey found that in almost 90 per cent of rescues,people aided by the responding surfers required no further treatment after the incident,making it unlikely that their help would be reported and therefore recorded.As one of the survey’s co-authors Jamie Mead says,“We need to get surfers the recognition they deserve and do more research to accurately quantify (用数量表述) how many rescues they’re actually doing.”
Since this research was published,there has been a growing interest in the training of surfers in life-saving skills.Sonia Keeper,an experienced surfer and instructor,explains that the insights provided by the survey have motivated surfing organisations to expand their reach and connect with an even broader community of surfers.“If life-saving skills are rolled out (正式推出) to the broader coastal surfer communities around the world,this preparation can help ensure that a good day at the beach doesn’t turn into a sad one,” she adds.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明,冲浪者并非是人们想象中的只顾享乐的人,他们实际上在海滩救援中起到了重要作用,减少了很多溺水事故的发生。
(　　)4.What is the typical impression of surfers according to the text
A.They have an interest in saving lives.
B.They are self-centred pleasure seekers.
C.They are the spotlights of most beaches.
D.They seldom witness drowning incidents.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A surprising new research...only focused on their own fun.”和第三段中的“This makes surfers...movies.”可知,人们对冲浪者的典型印象是他们是以自我为中心的寻求快乐者。故选B。
(　　)5.What does the survey find
A.Surfers have saved many people from drowning.
B.Surfers are experienced in treating the drowned.
C.People at the beaches speak highly of surfers.
D.People are in need of more recognised guardians.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In fact,based on the sample...10 to 20 rescues.”可知,受访的冲浪者表示,在他们的一生中,平均会救起3名溺水或在水中挣扎的人,有些人甚至表示曾参与过10至20次救援。由此可知,调查发现冲浪者救助了许多溺水的人。故选A。
(　　)6.What’s the function of the last paragraph
A.To tell the necessity of surfing organisations.
B.To emphasise the popularity of a new type of sport.
C.To prove the benefits of taking surfing training.
D.To show the research’s societal significance.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句可知,该研究的发表促使人们对冲浪者救生技能的培训日益关注,激发了冲浪组织扩大影响范围,并与更广泛的冲浪者社区建立联系。由此可推知,最后一段的功能是展示该研究的社会意义。故选D。
(　　)7.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A.To criticise people’s wrong view on surfers.
B.To promote much wider acceptance of surfing.
C.To recognise surfers’ crucial role in beach safety.
D.To appeal for helping each other at beaches.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句和倒数第二段的最后一句可知,该研究发现冲浪者实际上救助了很多人,我们需要让冲浪者得到他们应得的认可,并进行更多的研究来准确量化他们实际参与了多少次救援。由此可推知,本文旨在为冲浪者正名,也就是认可冲浪者对海滩安全的重要作用。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Restoring the Old Book
Song Jing,who is a “book doctor”,1.　　　　 (make) her way to the ancient books division after graduating from Beijing University in 2015.She has been working in the restoration division for ancient books at the National Library of China in Beijing for several years.
Song,along with her colleagues,took part in the restoration work of a copy of Yongle Dadian,an encyclopedia 2.　　　　 (create) in the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644).After receiving the challenge,it took Song and her colleagues six months to research and decide on 3.　　　　to restore the books.To restore them to their 4.　　　　(origin) form,they need to gather information from various sources,such as images and texts,before they can figure out their binding (装订) style and repair them accordingly.
In the past,restorers had to rely on their experience to determine the materials appropriate
5.　　　　 (use).As technology develops,they are able to use a new method to finish the task through microscopes.6.　　 　　,ancient-book restoration still requires essential manual skills,including cutting and brushing paper and binding.Apart from this,7.　　　　 restoration process also requires strong control.Unless the pressure of touching books 8.　　　　 (control) in a proper way during the brushing process,the paper will tear; if the touch is too light,the paper won’t stick.
“9.　　　　 (hopeful),I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion 10.　　　　 cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了“书籍医生”宋晶自2015年大学毕业后便在国家图书馆古籍修复部门工作,致力于古籍修复。她与同事们一起参与了修复明朝《永乐大典》的工作。
1.【答案】 made
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,make是句中的谓语动词,与主语Song Jing之间是主动关系,句中有时间状语after graduating...in 2015,讲述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填made。
2.【答案】 created
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处与空后的“in the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644)”作后置定语修饰encyclopedia,应用非谓语动词,create与其逻辑主语encyclopedia之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动。故填created。
3.【答案】 how
【解析】 考查疑问词。根据句意“宋和她的同事花了六个月的时间研究并决定如何修复这些书”可知,应用特殊疑问词how,与不定式构成复合结构作宾语。故填how。
4.【答案】 original
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰名词form,应用形容词。故填original。
5.【答案】 to use
【解析】 考查动词不定式。固定搭配 (be) appropriate to do...意为“适合做……”。故填to use。
6.【答案】 However
【解析】 考查副词。上文讲到“他们能够通过显微镜用新方法来完成这项任务”,而下文又提到“古籍修复仍然需要基本的手工技能”,上下文有转折关系,应用副词however,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填However。
7.【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。分析句子可知,设空处特指上文讲到的“修复过程”,应用定冠词。故填the。
8.【答案】 is controlled
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,control是从句的谓语动词,与从句主语the pressure之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;又因从句主语是不可数名词,所以be动词应用is。故填is controlled。
9.【答案】 Hopefully
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰逗号后的整句话,应用副词作状语,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Hopefully。
10.【答案】 in
【解析】 考查介词。根据句意“希望我能对激励更多的年轻人在文化遗产保护中找到他们毕生的激情有所帮助”可知,设空处表示“在……中”,应用介词in。故填in。
题组训练2　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读
A
There have been many great painters in the rich history of Chinese art.Here are four of the greatest painters from China.
Li Cheng (919—967)
Li Cheng contributed greatly to one of the golden ages of landscape paintings in world history.During his time,he was considered the best landscape painter ever.He is remembered especially for the winter landscapes he created and for simple composition of tall,old evergreens set against a dry landscape.Several of his paintings use diluted (稀释了的) pigments,which gives them a foggy appearance.
Fan Kuan (950—1032)
Fan Kuan began his career by modeling his works on those of Li Cheng but later created his own style claiming that the only true teacher was nature.His finest work Travellers Among Mountains and Streams is a masterpiece of landscape painting and many future artists turned to it for inspiration.
Qi Baishi (1864—1957)
Qi Baishi,one of the greatest traditional Chinese painters of modern times,is known for his refusal to be influenced by Western styles,unlike many of his contemporaries.He is considered to be the last great traditional painter of China.Qi Baishi painted almost everything from insects to landscapes.He is regarded highly in Chinese art for the freshness and spontaneity (自然) that he brought to the familiar types of insects,birds and flowers.
Wu Guanzhong (1919—2010)
Widely considered as the founder of modern Chinese painting,Wu Guanzhong has painted various aspects of China,like its architecture,plants,animals,figures and landscapes.Influenced by Post-Impressionist art,an important Western movement,Wu combined Western and Chinese styles to create a unique form of modern art.In 1992,he became the first living Chinese artist to have work exhibited at the British Museum.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国历史上四位伟大的画家:李成、范宽、齐白石和吴冠中。
(　　)1.What do we know about Fan Kuan
A.He copied many artists’ works.
B.His masterpiece was inspiring.
C.His works gained worldwide recognition.
D.He created his own style from the very beginning.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Fan Kuan (950—1032)部分中的最后一句可知,范宽的代表作《溪山行旅图》给后来的画家带来了启发和灵感。故选B。
(　　)2.What is one feature of Wu Guanzhong’s paintings
A.They have foggy appearances.
B.They focus on a single theme.
C.They come under Western influence.
D.They show traditional painting skills.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Wu Guanzhong (1919—2010)部分中的第二句可知,吴冠中的绘画风格受到西方后印象派艺术的影响。故选C。
(　　)3.What did the four Chinese painters have in common
A.They all created landscape paintings.
B.They were all influenced by Western art.
C.They were all pioneers in Chinese art history.
D.Their works were all exhibited at the British Museum.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Li Cheng (919—967)部分中的第一句、Fan Kuan (950—1032)部分中的最后一句、Qi Baishi (1864—1957)部分中的倒数第二句以及Wu Guanzhong (1919—2010)部分中的第一句可知,这四位中国画家的共同之处是都创作过山水画。故选A。
B
For a long time,I kept a selection of books on a shelf next to my bed that I called my “heart books”.To qualify for a place on the shelf,a book had to be not only one I loved,but one that mattered.There was one book that never made it onto that shelf,though I read it in high school:Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg.
I can still remember the day I bought it.It was summer and I must have been 14 or 15.Desperate to get out of my house,I rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore.I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye.I picked it up,read a few pages,and bought it.Then I took it with me to a park,read the first few chapters,and opened my notebook to write.
It’s a fairly straightforward writing book.Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic,set a timer,and write for 10,15,or 20 minutes without picking up your pen.Free writing,timed writing,writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing class may have encountered these things.There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it attracted me so much.But it changed everything.I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer.
During my teen years and early twenties,following Goldberg’s method was at the core of my identity.No matter where I was or what I was doing,I filled notebooks.When I eventually started writing fiction,I did the same thing.The “I” in my notebooks became someone else,but I held to the same practice.
This writing practice not only introduced me to a writing group in Boston,but also paved the way for my current career.In so many ways,it led me towards self-discovery.Becoming a writer allowed me to embrace multiple identities:an activist,a business owner,a farmer,a baker...Writing is where I found my confidence.It was where I became curious about the world.From that,everything else has followed.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中时读过的Writing Down the Bones这本书对作者成为作家和发现自我的重要影响。
(　　)4.What can we learn about Writing Down the Bones from the first two paragraphs
A.It was among the list of “heart books”.
B.It was recommended by the author’s teacher.
C.The author encountered it in a bookstore.
D.The author treasured it on her book shelf.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Desperate to get out of my house...and bought it.”可知,作者是在书店遇到这本书的。故选C。
(　　)5.What does the author think of Goldberg’s method
A.Unique and innovative.
B.Ordinary and normal.
C.Direct and typical.
D.Attractive and inspiring.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Goldberg’s method is simple...why it attracted me so much.”可知,作者认为Goldberg的方法是普通和正常的。故选B。
(　　)6.What did the author do while writing
A.She strictly followed Goldberg’s writing steps.
B.She wrote on her notebook whenever possible.
C.She kept practising through different methods.
D.She imagined many characters in her fictions.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No matter where I was...I did the same thing.”可知,作者在写作时尽可能地写笔记。故选B。
(　　)7.Which is the suitable title for the text
A.Natalie Goldberg and Her Book
B.The Start of My Writing Career
C.Confidence Found Through Writing
D.Chain Reaction Caused by a Book
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是根据第三段中的“There was nothing particularly new...to being a writer.”和最后一段的内容可知,作者主要讲述了在高中时读过的Writing Down the Bones这本书对自己成为作家和发现自我的重要影响。通过这本书,作者培养了写作的习惯,进而发展出了自己的创作方式。成为作家的经历使作者成为拥有多重身份的人,如活动家、企业家、农民、烘焙师等,并且通过写作,作者找到了自信和对世界的好奇心。D项“由一本书引起的连锁反应”能够概括文章主旨,最适合作文章标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
After months of unsuccessfully trying to secure a summer job at a newspaper to show my independence,I found myself struggling to prove my capabilities.Despite my persistence,all my attempts were 　1　.This led me to explore different avenues (途径),and I accidentally discovered a unique position that would eventually shape my career: a “flag girl” directing traffic for a construction company.The turning point came when I decided to take a more active and initiative-taking approach.　2　sending another written application,I drove directly to the construction site.My timing was fortunate;the foreman (工头) was 　3　an additional “flag girl” just as I arrived.Seizing the opportunity,I was offered the job 　4　.
On my first day,I arrived at the construction site on Monday.The foreman gave me a reflective vest (反光衣) to wear and a Stop/Slow bat to hold.My role was to 　5　traffic flow by coordinating with an experienced flag girl positioned at the opposite end of the site.The job required careful 　6　:I needed to flip (使快速翻转) my sign to “Stop” whenever she 　7　
“Slow”,allowing vehicles to pass in turn.It seemed simple,but it was not.By 8:30 am on my first day,I was already exhausted from 　8　.As the day progressed,the sun’s intensity increased,
leading to sunburn on my arms.By the end of the day,my bones were aching.Despite these challenges,I decided not to 　9　 the job,driven by a desire to prove my determination and dedication.
After sticking it out all summer,I actively 　10　employment,sending applications to various newspapers and 　11　 my experience as a “flag girl” on my résumé.This unique position caught the interest of a small town newspaper,leading to a(n) 　12　 and eventually to my hiring as a junior reporter.I spent my entire career at this publication.My employer later shared that he gave me the opportunity because he was curious to see how a “flag girl” who had studied journalism would perform in the role.He was looking for someone who showed initiative and a willingness to 　13　 their comfort zone to achieve their goals.My story and experience demonstrated these qualities,　14　 I was the ideal candidate for the reporter role he needed to fill.This opportunity 　15　 the beginning of my long and fulfilling professional journey in journalism.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者没能在报社找到一份暑期工作,但是找到了“旗手”这一工作。虽然很累,但作者通过这份工作证实了自己的决心和奉献精神。同时,这次工作经历也为作者带来了新闻记者的好工作。
[语篇脉络]
(　　)1.A.in place B.in vain
C.in time D.in doubt
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“After months of unsuccessfully...to prove my capabilities.”可知,作者没能在报社找到一份暑期工作来证明自己的独立性,由此可知,作者的尝试都是徒劳(in vain)的。故
选B。
(　　)2.A.Because of B.Regardless of
C.Instead of D.Apart from
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“I drove directly to the construction site”可知,作者直接开车去了施工现场,而不是(Instead of)再寄送书面申请。故选C。
(　　)3.A.training B.raising
C.applying D.employing
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“Seizing the opportunity,I was offered the job”可知,作者被提供了“旗手”这份工作,这说明工头当时正在雇用(employing)一名“旗手”。故选D。
(　　)4.A.on the whole B.on the spot
C.on the way D.on the move
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“Seizing the opportunity,I was offered the job”可知,当时工头在招聘一名“旗手”,作者抓住了这个机会,所以当场(on the spot)就得到了这份工作。故选B。
(　　)5.A.manage B.examine
C.rescue D.invest
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“The foreman gave me a reflective vest...to hold.”可知,作者是一名交通“旗手”,其职责应该是管理(manage)交通流量。故选A。
(　　)6.A.prediction B.calculation
C.investigation D.observation
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“I needed to flip...to pass in turn”可知,这项工作需要仔细观察(observation),当另一位旗手发出“慢行”的信号时,作者就需要将牌子翻转到“停止”位置。故选D。
(　　)7.A.signalled B.ignored
C.questioned D.annoyed
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“‘Slow’,allowing vehicles to pass in turn”可知,此处指旗手发出(signalled)“慢行”的信号。故选A。
(　　)8.A.standing B.leaping
C.jogging D.bending
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“I needed to flip...to pass in turn”可知,作者的工作是旗手,需要站着指挥交通,故应是站(standing)得筋疲力尽了。故选A。
(　　)9.A.save B.recommend
C.accept D.quit
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“driven by a desire to prove my determination and dedication”可知,尽管面临这些挑战,作者还是决定不辞职(quit),因为作者要证明自己的决心和奉献精神。故选D。
(　　)10.A.rejected B.sought
C.dismissed D.avoided
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“sending applications to various newspapers”可知,作者向各家报社发送求职申请,这说明作者在积极寻找(sought)工作。故选B。
(　　)11.A.permitting B.highlighting
C.polishing D.reminding
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据下文“my experience as a ‘flag girl’ on my résumé”和上文“driven by a desire to prove my determination and dedication”可知,作者在当“旗手”时积极奉献,所以在申请其他工作时,她在简历中突出(highlighting)自己作为“旗手”的经历。故选B。
(　　)12.A.interview B.task
C.promotion D.award
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“This unique position caught the interest of a small town newspaper”可知,这个独特的职位引起了一家小镇报社的兴趣,让作者去参加面试(interview)。故选A。
(　　)13.A.go in for B.drop in on
C.step out of D.put up with
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“their comfort zone to achieve their goals”可知,此处指老板正在寻找一个有主动性并且愿意走出 (step out of)自己的舒适区来实现目标的人。故选C。
(　　)14.A.denying B.inspiring
C.producing D.confirming
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“My story and experience demonstrated these qualities”和下文“I was the ideal candidate for the reporter role he needed to fill”可知,作者的经历证实(confirming)了作者是老板所需要的记者职位的理想人选。故选D。
(　　)15.A.relieved B.delayed
C.interrupted D.marked
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文“the beginning of my long and fulfilling professional journey in journalism”可知,这个机会标志着(marked)作者漫长而充实的新闻职业生涯的开始。故选D。UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard.If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest,they would run first and question later.At the same time,the ability to analyse and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals.The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉) and when to think slowly matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace.Yet instinct also has its place.Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis.In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations,instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved.Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience.In one well-known experiment,volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not.Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate (深思熟虑) over their decision.Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags;indeed,it outperformed analysis.The more expert you become,the better your instinct tends to be.
However,the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is,well,fast.It is often the only way to get through the day.To take one example,when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day,there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully.Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened.Fast thinking can also help the entire organisation.The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all.Yet as data explodes,the temptation to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist.Managers often suffer from overthinking,turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition.Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning Above all,is it worth delaying the decision Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right.But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning into a waste of time.
(　　)1.What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Accurate. B.Creative. C.Controllable. D.Obvious.
(　　)2.How is the third paragraph mainly developed
A.By process. B.By comparison.
C.By example. D.By classification.
(　　)3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B.Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C.Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D.Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
B
Generations of parents have told their children to practise their musical instruments.They have good reason for it:Learning an instrument is not only associated with better educational attainment but also cognition (认知) and even intelligence scores in children.But does this musicality translate to better cognition thinking later in life
A recent study showed that musical people had better memory and executive (决策的) function than those with less or no musicality.This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities,such as playing an instrument,should result in continued brain health benefits.
Singing is a very popular musical activity as it allows joining musical groups,such as choirs.But does singing provide the same cognitive benefit as playing an instrument According to the study,singing can result in better executive function but not memory,suggesting that playing an instrument has additional brain health benefits.However,singing has strong social benefits when done in choirs,and there is strong evidence that being engaged in social activity is good for our brain health.
Many people might remember the famous “Mozart Effect”,which was based on a 1993 study showing that when students were played Mozart,they scored higher on intelligence tests.Sadly,the current study found having played the recorder for three years at primary school might not have that big an impact on our cognitive performance.So,passively listening to music doesn’t seem to provide any cognitive benefits.
Playing an instrument or singing seems to have benefits to our brain health in aging, according to the study.What is yet to be established is whether this would also help prevent future cognitive decline or dementia.However,considering the overall cognitive and social benefits of learning an instrument or singing in a choir,it might be worth engaging in such cognitive stimulation as we age.Our parents would be proud of us.
(　　)4.Why do parents intend their kids to learn an instrument
A.Because they suppose it can broaden the kids’ horizons.
B.Because they design the kids to be musicians in the future.
C.Because they expect to equip the kids with critical thinking.
D.Because they think it can improve the kids’ study and thinking.
(　　)5.Where could singing differ from playing an instrument
A.It results in better memories. B.It has social benefits.
C.It requires more energy. D.It shapes brain development.
(　　)6.What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning “Mozart Effect”
A.To show that cognition relies on active engagement.
B.To display the real role that music plays in study.
C.To list similarities between music and study.
D.To demonstrate how to play a recorder properly.
(　　)7.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Why Do People Prefer Singing
B.What Musicals Can Do for You
C.How Music Boosts Your Brain
D.Where Shall We Find Musicality
C
The art of writing by hand has a great history.From Emily Dickinson’s elegant cursive(草书) to Stephen King’s neat block lettering,many of the most famous and important works of literature have been written by hand,reports Forbes,even when,as in King’s case,electronic word processing was an option.Now,studies have shown that writing by hand can have enormous benefits in terms of memory,brain development,and even the quality of the writing itself.
Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the typewriter in the mid 1880’s,even more so due to computers.In fact,many schools in the United States no longer require teaching cursive as a part of the core curriculums.However,despite the sense that writing on paper is passe,it actually has a number of important benefits.
Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can attest to that.A 2014 study from the Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to writing them longhand,leads to shallower processing of the material learnt.This is because when using a laptop,students will often type out lectures verbatim (逐字地),as opposed to processing information and rewording it in their own language.
These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information.In this case,writing it by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams.A study led by Dr.Virginia Berninger,a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington,suggests that children write longer and more complex essays when they are writing by hand,as opposed to using a keyboard.So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one,consider the possibility that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead.
(　　)8.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1
A.Introduce the new finding of the study.
B.Describe the history of the writing art.
C.Show the benefits of writing by hand.
D.Tell the story of some famous writers.
(　　)9.What does the underlined word “passe” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Necessary. B.Out-of-date.
C.Essential. D.Fundamental.
(　　)10.What can we infer from the study from the Association for Psychological Science
A.Taking notes on a laptop contributes to deeper processing of the material learnt.
B.When using a laptop,students will often type out lectures in a whole new light.
C.Writing by hand makes people process information in their own language.
D.Typing out lectures can help people reword information.
(　　)11.How should you express your love to your loved one according to the passage
A.By typing the email. B.By writing by yourself.
C.By writing longer essays. D.By reading a poem.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(期刊 《国家地理》)
Doing morning exercises is a daily routine in every Chinese kindergarten and school.For the grown-ups,however,familiar schoolyards have already been replaced 1.　　　　 public parks.
The morning scenes in central parks around China are lively.At every corner of the park,you can also see people 2.　　　　(practise) many kinds of sports: square dancing,badminton and so on.
But the most eye-catching groups in the park are the so-called “Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies”, 3.　　　　 videos have gone viral on the Internet.Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started exercising after their 4.　　　　(retire).They say age is just a number when it comes to fitness.
The 5.　　　　(benefit) of exercise are endless:A healthier body together with a 6.　　　　 (happy) mood.No matter how old they are or when during the day they exercise,they will always strengthen the body.
Social connection is also what the elderly seek during their morning workout.Feng,who is seventy-two years old,plays Taijiquan 7.　　　　(serious) every day.He 8.　　　　 (keep) this exercise routine for six years and now he is managing an online group of over 200 members who share 9.　　　　 same hobby.
“What I like about this place is that newcomers are always welcome.Everyone in the park feels10.　　　　(include),” said Feng.It is like a chorus of life.
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
In distance running,it turns out that humans are better than other species,even if our two-leggedness makes us about half as fast as other mammals of similar size,on average.So what is it about our bodies and our physiology (生理学) that allows us to undertake such long and tough runs
“Our ancestors developed adaptations for running literally from toe to head,” said Lieberman, a human evolutionary biologist at Harvard University.“There’s no part of our body that running doesn’t touch.”
According to Lieberman,our toes are short so they don’t break while running.And in general, our lower body has larger joints,tendons (筋,腱) and muscles than our upper body does to absorb the forces we generate at speed.Strong muscles in our rears (臀部) keep our upper body from falling forward,and our arms,swinging in a controlled manner,stabilise our heads.
But perhaps the biggest adaptations that set humans apart deal with our ability to release heat.Our tall,upright bodies create a lot of surface area for cooling,and the ability to breathe from both the nose and mouth helps dump heat as well.
Humans are also one of the only species with the ability to sweat,and without thick fur,our sweat can easily evaporate (蒸发) from our skin,cooling us down.All of these adaptations led humans to adopt what’s known as persistence hunting long before the invention of early weapons.Rather than chasing down prey,hunters likely followed their prey for miles until the animal was exhausted.Other animals do this too,but none can persistently hunt during the day or in hot climates.
“Hunting gave humans access to more energy,which made our brains grow larger.In turn,our brains have co-evolved alongside,and fed into,our ability to run and hunt,” said Missy Thompson, a biologist at Fort Lewis College.
(　　)1.Why are humans better at distance running than other species
A.Because of our strong muscles. B.Because of our adaptations for running.
C.Because of our psychology of living. D.Because of our desire for challenges.
(　　)2.What’s the function of strong muscles in our rears during running
A.They help keep a steady pace. B.They assist in breathing efficiently.
C.They provide strength for the legs. D.They maintain the upper body stable.
(　　)3.What’s the direct result of sweating
A.Cooling human body temperature.
B.Improving the human ability to breathe.
C.Chasing down prey quickly and accurately.
D.Exhausting animal body energy persistently.
(　　)4.What message does Thompson seem to convey in the text
A.Hunting helps with running training.
B.Hunting benefits the brain development.
C.Hunting is closely linked to human evolution.
D.Hunting and brain development are mutually reinforcing.
B
When we come across a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm. However,plenty of evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximise collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we’d better turn to a process called “brainwriting”. You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.Next, you collect them and share them among the group without telling the authors.Then,each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation,the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions.Rather, they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas.A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialised tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.
Research by organisational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it is too easy for participation to become one-sided in favour of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room,it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn’t end there.Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone.This implies that while individuals may come up with more brilliant ideas than groups,they also tend to produce a large number of less viable or even terrible ideas.Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas.
(　　)5.What’s the purpose of brainwriting
A.To discover the hidden potential in teams.
B.To minimise collective intelligence.
C.To use thinkers’ brains separately.
D.To develop and assess ideas individually.
(　　)6.What may help to save the miners in Chile
A.Brainstorming sessions. B.The urgency of the situation.
C.A tiny plastic telephone. D.Researchers from universities.
(　　)7.What do the underlined words “this method” refer to
A.Brainstorming. B.Balanced participation.
C.Collective intelligence. D.Brainwriting.
(　　)8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.What is brainwriting. B.How best ideas occur.
C.Why brainwriting is good. D.Where best ideas are.
Ⅱ.七选五
How to Strengthen Your Willpower
Many of us face challenges with willpower,yet most people seem to believe this skill can be learnt and strengthened.Fortunately,researchers have also come to similar conclusions.1.　　　.
Work it like a muscle
Think of willpower as a muscle that can be strengthened with time and effort.Experts recommend simple but challenging tasks,like using your left hand to open doors or turning off lights when leaving a room.2.　　　.Training your willpower can have amazing effects,but don’t overdo it.
3.　　　
Bad sleeping habits exhaust you physically and mentally,affecting your resistance to temptation.Sleep-deprived people are more prone to lack of focus and risky decisions.While everyone’s sleep needs vary,the National Sleep Foundation recommends seven to nine hours of sleep per night for the best performance.
Meditate
4.　　　.Regular mindfulness meditation improves focus and willpower even when not actively meditating.Easy to perform anywhere,anytime,a five-minute session in the morning or during lunch is a great start.With practice,resisting the urge to wander will make resisting other temptations easier.
Avoid temptations
When tempted by food,drinks,or spending,use the “out of sight,out of mind” method.If not possible,remove the temptation or distance yourself temporarily.Walk,call a friend,or pursue a hobby until the urge fades.5.　　　.Distraction until the urge passes can help you stay focused and reach your goals.
A.Sleep as long as possible
B.Form a good sleeping habit
C.Here are tips to help you strengthen your willpower
D.Meditation is a powerful tool for enhancing willpower
E.Engage in these tasks for a few weeks to boost your willpower
F.This is effective for behavioural addictions or problematic behaviours
G.Meditation is the act of remaining in a silent and calm state for a period of timeUNIT 8　LITERATURE
题组训练1
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Alien Clay by Adrian Tchaikovsky
On the distant world of Kiln lie the ruins of an alien civilisation.A great mystery awaits humans:who were the builders and where are they now These questions become real for Professor Arton Daghdev,exiled (流放) from Earth to Kiln’s off-world labour camp due to his mistake.Facing the planet’s dangerous ecosystem,Arton fights for survival.
Stories of Your Life and Others by Ted Chiang
A science fiction classic in a brand-new edition.From a high Babylonian tower that connects a flat Earth to the sky above,to an alien language that challenges our very sense of time and reality,Chiang’s unique imagination invites readers to question their understanding of the universe and their place in it.
War Bodies by Neal Asher
In a world ruled by robots,the Cyberat faces a rebellion (叛乱) when the human Polity arrives.Piper,raised as a weapon,seeks help from the Polity after his parents are caught by enemies.As war worsens,Piper must face the puzzling technology implanted in his own body.It could either end their fight or cause serious consequences.The future of civilisation hangs in the balance as the battle unfolds.
In the Lives of Puppets by TJ Klune
In a strange little home built into the branches of a forest live three robots.Vic Lawson,a human,lives there too.The day Vic repairs an unfamiliar android labelled “HAP”,he learns of a shared criminal past between the robots—a past spent in hunting humans.The robots,once hidden and safe,are now exposed.
(　　)1.Which book explores the relations between humans and the universe
A.Alien Clay. B.In the Lives of Puppets.
C.War Bodies. D.Stories of Your Life and Others.
(　　)2.Whose book uncovers the crime done by robots to humans
A.Adrian Tchaikovsky’s. B.Ted Chiang’s.
C.Neal Asher’s. D.TJ Klune’s.
(　　)3.Who is the text probably intended for
A.Book reviewers. B.Science fiction lovers.
C.Universe researchers. D.Robot developers.
B
Kafka worked in an Italian insurance company for a year,during which period his letter witnessed that he was unhappy with his working time schedule,as it made it difficult for him to concentrate on his writing.On July 15,1908,he resigned,and two weeks later he got employed by the Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute.Both in his letters and his diaries,Kafka frequently complained about his life at work.
He was promoted to the position of chief clerk at the Worker’s Accident Insurance Institute, where he worked from 8:30 a.m.until 2:30 p.m.Then he had lunch around 3:00 p.m.,slept until 7:30 p.m.,did some exercise and had a family dinner,after which he started work around 11:00 p.m (the letter-and diary-writing took up several hours a day).“Depending on my strength,inclination and luck,until one,two,or three o’clock,once even till six in the morning.” This routine left him permanently on the verge of collapse.It would be wrong,however,to consider him a long-suffering official who was depressed by his work or even found it detestable.On the contrary,he was a model official,precise and efficient,who successfully climbed the career ladder.
Kafka is one of the highest regarded writers of the German language,although he achieved little to no fame during his own lifetime.During his lifetime,Franz Kafka burned an estimated 90 per cent of his work.After his death at age 41,in 1924,a letter was discovered in his desk,addressed to his friend Max Brod.“Dearest Max,” it began.“My last request:Everything I leave behind me...in the way of diaries,manuscripts,letters (my own and others’),sketches and so on,to be burned unread.” Less than two months later,Brod,disregarding Kafka’s request,signed an agreement to prepare a posthumous edition of Kafka’s unpublished novels.Thanks largely to Brod’s efforts,Kafka’s slim,mysterious works were gradually recognised as one of the great monuments of 20th century literature.
(　　)4.Why did Kafka quit the job on July 15,1908
A.Because he found a better job.
B.Because he found it affected his writing.
C.Because he had to work ten hours a day.
D.Because he needed money to support his family.
(　　)5.What can we learn about Kafka
A.He did poorly in his work.
B.He got all of his works published.
C.He was famous when he was alive.
D.He had a preference for writing.
(　　)6.What contributed to Kafka’s fame according to the last paragraph
A.His friend’s efforts. B.His experience.
C.His diligence. D.His luck.
(　　)7.In which column of the newspaper can you read the passage
A.Geography. B.Health.
C.Literature. D.Sports.
Ⅱ.七选五
In today’s world of digital distractions,the thought of taking your kids to an art gallery might seem a thankless and impossible challenge.Surely a child won’t have the patience to stare at something for long.1.　　
Being exposed to art,however,holds profound significance for the development of young minds,both intellectually and emotionally.2.　　　 Each painting,sculpture,or photograph in art galleries tells a story,inviting young viewers to interpret and connect with it on a personal level.
But with many kids being extremely picky eaters,and galleries seeming as appetising as yesterday’s porridge,how can we get them to tuck in 3.　　　 I firmly believe art galleries can be great fun if we set out with the intention of making them so.
First,why not let your children enjoy art on their own terms Who said that walking around a gallery had to be slow,stopping to look at every picture 4.　　　 If they want to head straight for a certain display,let them.If something catches their eye on the other side of the room,that’s absolutely fine.
5.　　　 What really matters in a gallery is that children build a connection with art,for whatever reason.To encourage this,you can make it into a game,either with or without a reward, with simple questions like,“Who can guess the artist ” I did this many times with my children and always found that it enhanced their interest.
A.Let them determine the pace.
B.Make the art gallery fit in with your kids.
C.Turning art into a game is another trick.
D.The answer is to approach them with fresh eyes.
E.It is a crying shame that they are least-visited attractions.
F.It allows children opportunities to engage in diverse perspectives and cultures.
G.It’s understandable to think of art galleries as anything but child-friendly places.
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Oh,dear,I am surprised you didn’t know that your little brother is blind!” Hearing Nathan’s words,I was extremely desperate to find out the truth about my two-year-old brother,David.
With a misty vision,I ran home as fast as I could.Still out of breath,I questioned,“Is David blind ” Mother turned to me with tears in her eyes.“Yes,he’s born blind.” It was a heartbreaking moment.I knew clearly the dream of showing David my cool soccer moves or playing games with him ended cruelly.“Why did you keep the truth from me I often wondered why he didn’t look at me or why he was always tripping over things and I thought it was because he was still too young...” Before I could continue any further,mother hugged me and cried,“I’m sorry,Caleb.Dad and I just didn’t know how to tell you.”
Suddenly,it struck me that David was blind but he could still hear the whole conversation.Not wanting him to be affected by it,I stopped crying and went forward and embraced him.“I love you so much,David.” Worry crept upon me: How hard life would be for him!
Little did I know that David was to inspire me so greatly.
As David grew up,he was fairly strong-willed.Despite the challenges that he faced,he continued to attend the school for visually impaired children.He insisted he would take the bus home on his own.Often,he would walk through the main door looking sheepish and saying the same phrase,“Sorry Mum,I am late.I boarded the wrong bus again.”
Tough as life was,there was always silver lining of misfortune.Despite not being able to see,he could play a piece of music after listening to it being played once on the piano.He even dreamt of playing solo (独奏) one day onstage.Luckily for him,the school had discovered David’s extraordinary talent.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
One day,David burst through the main door excitedly.
Paragraph 2:
Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
Who 　　　 　　　 　　　 　　　 　　　
Where
What
Conflict & Clue Conflict: Clue:
Theme
Para.1 One day,David burst through the main door excitedly. Q1: Q2: Q3:
Para.2 Tapping the ground with his walking stick,David entered the stage. Q1: Q2: Q3:
题组训练2
Ⅰ.阅读
A
(2025·山东临朐高三检测)
I believe in the power of science fiction,not just for its capacity to turn dreams into reality,but also for its power to gather those who share a common view about the future.For me,that’s true of my relationship with my dad.Some fathers and sons bond over sports,fishing or hunting,but my dad and I bond over science fiction.
Over the years,nearly every situation has become far away for my dad and me.When it’s warm at night,we’re not driving along some dark streets in Indiana,but going at slow speed with stars dimly shining.Both of us are thinking of them,without needing to say a word.All these imaginations of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
A science fiction writer once said,“Science fiction is a way of thinking,a way of logic that bypasses a lot of nonsense.It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad,and it has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future.I’m now a science fiction writer.
Yes,science fiction has made me into a “nerd” and it has also been a source of joy for my family,making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology. Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it.Thank my dad,who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known.
(　　)1.What contributes to the bond between the author and his father
A.Their similar dream. B.Their love for each other.
C.Their common interest. D.Their hobby of fishing.
(　　)2.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 2
A.His deep impression of his dad. B.His feeling of staying with his dad.
C.His earliest memory of his dad. D.His good relationship with his dad.
(　　)3.How does science fiction help the author at present
A.It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B.It brings him the courage to live better.
C.It inspires him to face the danger of technology.
D.It makes him a source of his family’s joy.
(　　)4.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Wonders Science Brings
B.The Power of Science Fiction
C.The Stories About Science Fiction
D.The Time Together with My Father
B
As a child of a Chinese mother and a British father,young Lily had always been fascinated by the rich tapestry of her dual heritage.However,it wasn’t until her first visit to China that she truly began to appreciate the depth of Chinese culture.One particular experience stood out:her first encounter with the art of Chinese tea.
Lily had grown up with the aroma of tea wafting through her home,a legacy of her mother’s Chinese roots.Yet,it was in the ancient teahouses of Hangzhou that she discovered the soul of Chinese tea culture.There,amidst the gentle rustle of bamboo and the soft murmur of conversation,she observed the ritualistic preparation of tea,a process as natural as the flow of the streams she had once explored in the English countryside.
Her mother,a connoisseur (鉴赏家) of Chinese teas,introduced Lily to the subtleties of tasting.Why do certain leaves unfurl to reveal hidden flavours Which infusions can evoke the essence of a mountain mist or a summer breeze With each sip,Lily felt a connection to her ancestral home,a bond that transcended language and tradition.
The journey of tea from leaf to cup became a metaphor for Lily’s own journey of self-discovery.She decided to embark on a quest to understand the art of tea,to learn how the Chinese have cultivated and cherished this ancient beverage for centuries.She would later refer to this pursuit as her “cultural eco-journey”.
The task Lily set for herself was to immerse herself in the tea culture,to experience firsthand the process from tea picking to brewing.First,she visited the lush tea gardens of Longjing,where she learnt about the meticulous care required for each leaf.Then she travelled to the workshops where artisans crafted the tea,each step a testament to the harmony between human skill and natural bounty.
She was captivated by the results.The tea she tasted was not just a drink; it was a story,a history,and a tradition that had been passed down through generations.Within moments,the flavours unfolded on her palate,a testament to the purity and wisdom of Chinese tea culture.
Over time,Lily has delved deeper into the world of tea.She has explored the tea ceremonies of various regions,each with its unique customs and significance.She also discovered the therapeutic properties of tea,how it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote health and well-being.
“Cultural immersion” is what Lily calls her approach to understanding her heritage.“The world is a treasure trove (宝库) of experiences for the curious,” she says.“You immerse yourself in new cultures and observe the traditions.Then you let these new insights shape your own understanding of the world.”
(　　)5.What can we learn about Lily from the first two paragraphs
A.She was curious about her dual heritage.
B.She preferred the British lifestyle.
C.She had a deep interest in tea.
D.She longed to visit China.
(　　)6.What is Lily’s purpose of visiting the tea gardens and workshops
A.To learn about the tea-making process.
B.To find the perfect cup of tea.
C.To understand the cultural significance of tea.
D.To test her knowledge of Chinese tea.
(　　)7.What’s the author’s purpose in mentioning Longjing
A.To review Lily’s cultural journey.
B.To show an application of Lily’s interest in tea.
C.To compare different tea regions in China.
D.To dispel doubts about the quality of Chinese tea.
(　　)8.What is the basis for Lily’s cultural exploration
A.The desire to connect with her Chinese roots.
B.The belief in the therapeutic properties of tea.
C.The fascination with the art of tea preparation.
D.The curiosity about the cultural significance of tea.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Around 2,000 years ago,ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 equal segments,each segment was called a “Solar Term”.Each solar term　1　 a unique period of a year.But have you ever heard the term—“Hui Nantian”,a unique meteorological (气象的) 　2　 that occurs 　3　 in southern China This term,which translates to “the return of the south wind”,encapsulates (概括) a seasonal shift that not only 　4　 the weather patterns,but also deeply affects the way of life and cultural practices in this region.
“Hui Nantian” occurs during the 　5　 from winter to spring,when the cold,dry air of winter 　6　 the warm,damp air of the south.This change is not merely a meteorological shift;it’s a cultural event.People in the southern China anticipate “Hui Nantian” with a 　7　 of excitement and caution.
On the one hand,it signals the end of winter and the　8　 of spring,a time of renewal and rebirth.On the other hand,the 　9　 humidity and dampness can present challenges,especially in terms of maintaining the integrity of buildings and 　10　 personal items.In Chinese culture,“Hui Nantian” is often associated with traditional practices and beliefs.It also reflects the importance of respect for 　11　 and traditional values in Chinese culture.In addition,it is also connected with the concept of “harmony with nature”.This belief encourages people to live in harmony with the natural world and respect the 　12　 of nature,such as the changing of the seasons and the flow of energy.
By 　13　 these natural rhythms,it is believed that people can achieve a state of inner peace and harmony,which is essential for leading a healthy and 　14　 life.Overall,“Hui Nantian” shows a blend of traditional practices,beliefs,and values that are unique to Chinese culture.These practices not only serve to preserve the cultural heritage of China but also 　15　 harmony and balance in people’s lives.
(　　)1.A.reviewed B.represented C.regained D.researched
(　　)2.A.phenomenon B.view C.landscape D.opinion
(　　)3.A.hardly B.seldom C.primarily D.never
(　　)4.A.maintains B.remains C.changes D.keeps
(　　)5.A.transportation B.show C.transplant D.shift
(　　)6.A.gives out B.gives up C.gives off D.gives way to
(　　)7.A.result B.force C.mix D.power
(　　)8.A.end B.approach C.warmth D.beauty
(　　)9.A.decreased B.lost C.increased D.regained
(　　)10.A.arriving B.preserving C.serving D.approving
(　　)11.A.ancestors B.wealth C.harvest D.descendants
(　　)12.A.circles B.return C.power D.cycles
(　　)13.A.following B.keeping C.noticing D.staying
(　　)14.A.brilliant B.unforgettable C.necessary D.satisfying
(　　)15.A.protect B.promote C.preview D.predict

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