资源简介

写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　vi.(　　　　,　　　　) 起身;出现;由……引起 2.　　　　 adj.令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 3.　　　　 adj.壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的 n.壮丽的场面;精彩的表演 4.　　　　 n.顶峰;山峰;尖形 5.　　　　 n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目 6.　　　　 vi.& vt.钻(孔);打(眼) n.钻(头);训练;演习 7.　　　　 n.束;串;捆 8.　　　　　　vi.& vt.(使)加入;注册;登记 9.　　　　 adv.(结束交谈或转移话题时)不过;反正 10.　　　　 prep.在……旁边;与……一起 adv.在旁边 11.　　　　 vi.行进;继续做 12.　　　　 vt.欠(账、债、情等);归功于 13.　　　　 n.烤面包片;吐司;干杯 vt.为……干杯 vt.& vi.烤(尤指面包)
阅 读 词 汇 1.airline　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.bay n.　　　　　　　 3.craft n.　　　　　　　 4.antique n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 5.scenery n.　　　　　　　 6.goat n.　　　　　　　 7.grizzly bear n.　　　　　　　 8.mall n.(also shopping mall) 　　　　　　　 9.prairie　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 10.curtain n.　　　　　　　 11.border n.　　　　　　　 12.harbour n.　　　　　　　 13.quarry n.　　　　　　　 14.idiom n.　　　　　　　 15.shore n.　　　　　　　 16.steel n.　　　　　　　 17.accent n.　　　　　　　 18.cobblestone adj.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.令人愉快的;友好的→　　　　 vt.使满意;使愉快;喜欢→　　　　 n.快乐;玩乐;令人高兴的事→　　　　 adj.高兴的;满意的→　　　　 adj.令人高兴的;令人满意的 2.　　　　 adj.巨大的;非常严重的→　　　　 n.团,块;大量;群众→　　　　 adv.大量地;沉重地 3.　　　　 adv.字面上;真正地→　　　　 adj.字面意义的;完全按原文的 4.　　　　 n.呼吸的空气→　　　　 vi.& vt.呼吸;呼出→　　　　 adj.(使)气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的 5.　　　　 adj.准备前往(某地);一定会→　　　　 n.边界;界限 6.　　　　 vi.& vt.结冰;(使)冻住→　　　　 adj.极冷的;冰冻的 n.冰点;冻结→　　　　 adj.冷冻的;结冰的;冻结的→　　　　 n.冰柜;冷冻柜
拓 展 词 汇 7.　　　　 vt.预料;预见;期望→　　　　 n.预料;预期;期望 8.　　　　 vi.打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动 n.雷声;轰隆声→　　　　 adj.雷鸣般的 9.　　　　 n.霜;严寒天气;霜冻 vt.使蒙上霜 vi.结霜→　　　　 adj.结霜的;严寒的 10.　　　　 n.持续时间;期间→　　　　 prep.在……期间;在……期间的某个时候→　　　　 adj.耐用的;持久的→　　　　 vt.& vi.忍耐;忍受;持续 11.　　　　 adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)→　　　　 adv.相反地;相反;反之→　　　　 vt.反驳;与……矛盾;违背→　　　　 n.矛盾;不一致;反驳 12.　　　　 vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;使大为惊奇→　　　　 adj.令人吃惊的;令人十分惊讶的 →　　　　 adj.感到十分惊讶的;感到吃惊的→　　　　 n.惊讶;惊异 13.　　　　 n.薄雾;水汽→　　　　 adj.多雾的;模糊的 14.　　　　 n.黄昏;傍晚→　　　　 adj.(光线)昏暗的;暗淡的 15.　　　　 n.广告;启事→　　　　 vt.登广告;为……做广告;公布→　　　　 n.广告商;广告公司 16.　　　　 n.摄影师;拍照者→　　　　 n.照片;相片 vt.拍照;照相→　　　　 n.照相术;摄影 17.　　　　 adj.有条理的;清楚易懂的→ 　　　　 n.连贯性;条理性→　　　　 adv.条理清楚地;连贯地
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　几个 2.　　　　　　 是……的典型特点 3.　　　　　　　 令人惊叹 4.　　　　　　　 除……之外(还) 5.　　　　　　　 极冷的;冻僵的 6.　　　　　　　 一束;一串;一群;大量 7.　　　　　　　 把……向后拉;(使)撤退 8.　　　　　　　　　　总的来说;总之 9.　　　　　　　 相反的;相对立的 10.　　　　　　　 进而做(参加) 11.　　　　　　　 和……形成对比;和……相反 12.　　　　　　　 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
重 点 句 型 1.她们没有一路乘坐商业航班,而是决定先飞到温哥华,然后再乘坐火车。(rather than) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 2.从车窗往外望去,加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。(过去分词短语作状语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 3.此外,这里还有很棒的餐馆和俱乐部。(There be句型) 　　　　　　　　 fantastic restaurants and clubs around,too. 4.上午九点半,她们终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。(not until的强调句型) 　　　　　　　　　　　　that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto. 5.如果有机会,我想去加拿大。(倒装句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (=If the opportunity should arise),I’d love to go to Canada.
变动词的后缀“-ize/-ise”集锦:
①real→realize/realise意识到;实现　　　　　　②organ→organize/organise组织;安排
③modern→modernize/modernise使现代化 ④apology→apologize/apologise道歉;认错
⑤critic→criticize/criticise批评;评论 ⑥memory→memorize/memorise记住;熟记
⑦special→specialize/specialise专门研究;专攻 ⑧global→globalize/globalise使全球化
⑨social→socialize/socialise交往;使社会化
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially 　　　　 (please) where I live,thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (而不是买它们)outright,providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Given the 　　　　 (astonish) potential of AI to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future... 4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)“The kids 　　　　 (literal) come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. 5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)...join Yellowstone’s park 　　　　 (photograph) for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6.(2022·全国乙卷)But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (反驳了那个观点). 7.(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (恢复正常呼吸),Steve got down on one knee. 8.(2021·浙江1月卷)The satisfaction of knowing that my work will be on that mountainside for years to come is 　　　　 (mass). 9.(2021·全国甲卷)It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and 　　　　 (freeze) fog hung in the air. 10.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or 　　　　 (antique).
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.arise vi.(arose,arisen) 起身;出现;由……引起
①[建议信]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (当学习中出现困难时),it is wise to ask teachers for help in time.
②[动作描写]As soon as the bell rang,　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他从座位上站起来),grabbed his schoolbag and ran to the school gate.
③[申请信]我对这个社团的申请源于对环保活动的热爱。
My application for this club 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 environmental protection activities.
2.bound adj.准备前往(某地);一定会
①[神态描写]His gaze was firm,as if saying 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(他一定会赢得这场比赛).
②[申请信] I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直热衷于) environmental protection activities,which is why I apply to join the environmental club.
③[通知]The school bus 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (开往北京的) will depart at the school gate at 7 am.
④[报道]研究表明,健康问题常常和不良的饮食习惯密切相关。
Studies show that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.freeze vi.& vt.(froze,frozen)结冰;(使)冻住
①[通知]Due to the 　　　　 (freeze) cold weather,the outdoor sports meeting scheduled for tomorrow will be postponed.
②[邀请信]We’re going to have a ice-skating party at the 　　　　 (freeze) lake this Sunday.
③[场景描写]His breath turned into white fog in the air—temperatures were far 　　　　 freezing.
④[心理描写]看到那只狗吠叫着朝我冲来时,我吓得呆在原地。我的大脑一片空白。
As I saw the dog rushing toward me barking,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.My mind went blank.
4.contrary adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)
①There is no evidence 　　　　 the contrary,so we have to believe his story.
②[心理描写] She wanted to take part in the competition but was afraid of failure,and this 　　　　 (contrary) kept her awake all night.
③[求助信] I thought I could finish the project alone,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (可恰恰相反),I’m now stuck in collecting data.
④[报道] The survey shows that 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (与预期相反),most students prefer reading paper books to e-books.
⑤[主旨升华]成长从不与挑战相悖,正是通过克服困难,我们才变得更强大。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;it is through overcoming difficulties that we become stronger.
5.astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;使大为惊奇
①When the 　　　　 news of her sudden victory spread,the crowd looked 　　　　,and the sheer surprise seemed to 　　　　 even the winner herself.(astonish)
②[建议信]You may be astonished 　　　　 (find) that taking 10-minute breaks actually helps you focus longer.
③[邀请信]You’ll be astonished 　　　　 how lively our autumn festival is—there are games,performances,and delicious food.Would you join us
④[神态描写]His eyes widened 　　　　 astonishment,and his mouth hung open as he heard the unexpected news.
⑤[申请信]令我惊讶的是,这个项目提供了这么多实用课程,这也是我申请的原因。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 that the program offers so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(it作形式主语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,the program provides so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(astonishment)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the program has so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(astonishing)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is that the program offers so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(主语从句)
6.owe vt.欠(账、债、情等);归功于
①[神态描写]He nodded firmly,as if saying he owed it to his teammates 　　　　 (try) his best.
②[感谢信]I owe it 　　　　 my chemistry teacher that I fell in love with science.
③[建议信]You should know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (你欠她一个道歉) for your careless words.
④[主旨升华]由于合作精神,微小的努力可汇聚为改变世界的强大力量。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,small efforts can gather into great power to change the world.
7.take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹
①[动作描写]He climbed the stairs three at a time,reaching the top 　　　　 (breath) and leaning against the wall.
②[通知]Please keep calm and maintain steady 　　　　 (breathe) during the fire drill.
③[演讲稿]人生就像一连串的呼吸——我们在挑战中屏住呼吸,深吸一口气继续前行,呼出勇气。这就是成长的方式。
Life is like 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　—we 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in challenges,
　　　　　　　　　　　　 to keep going,and 　　　　　　　　 courage.That’s how we grow.
④[场景描写]一路飞奔到山顶后,她气喘吁吁,于是坐下来恢复正常呼吸。山谷上方那壮丽的日落景色让她惊叹不已。
She 　　　　　　　　　　　 after sprinting to the top of the hill,so she sat down 　　　　　　　　　　　.The stunning view of the sunset over the valley 　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.rather than句式
[教材原句] Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way,they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们没有一路乘坐商业航班,而是决定先飞到温哥华,然后再乘坐火车。
①毫无疑问,用自己的双手工作而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。
There is no doubt that it is very meaningful 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②[主旨升华]机遇,而非运气,会降临到那些努力工作且永不放弃的人身上。
Opportunities,　　　　　　　　　　　　,come to those who work hard and never give up.
③尽管面临许多巨大的困难,但我宁愿坚持也不愿放弃。
→In spite of many massive difficulties,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(would rather do...than do...)
→In spite of many massive difficulties,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(would do...rather than do...)
→In spite of many massive difficulties,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(prefer to do...rather than do...)
→In spite of many massive difficulties,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(prefer doing...to doing...)
①would do...rather than do...=would rather do...than do...=prefer to do... rather than do...=prefer doing... to doing...宁愿做……也不愿做……
②rather than后接动词不定式时,动词不定式可以带to,也可以不带to,但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to的动词不定式。
9.there be 句型
[教材原句] There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around,too.
此外,这里还有很棒的餐馆和俱乐部。
①[神态描写]她听到好消息时,脸上有一个灿烂的笑容。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when she heard the good news.
②[通知]为了让校园更加美丽,我们预计本周日会有一场清洁活动。请加入我们。
We expect 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 this Sunday to make our campus more beautiful.Please join us.
③[主旨升华]生活中有时存在黑暗是一种考验,因为黑暗之后必定会有黎明。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a test,for there will surely be dawn after it.
there be句型有多种变体,主要有:
①There+seem(s)/happen(s)/appear(s) to be+主语+其他.
②There+stand(s)/lie(s)/live(s)/exist(s)/remain(s)...+主语+其他.
③There+情态动词+be+主语+其他.
④There used to be+主语+其他.
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Looking at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed ①that it was the most awesome journey②they had ever taken.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。主句为they both agreed,①是that引导的　　　　从句,作agreed的　　　　;②是省略that的　　　　从句,修饰先行词journey。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:品尝着美味的食物,他们都觉得这是他们吃过的最不可思议的一餐。
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.peak
A.vi.达到高峰　B.adj.高峰时期的　C.n.高峰;顶峰　D.n.山峰
①Traffic usually reaches its peak between eight and nine o’clock in the morning.　　　
②He is one of the excellent athletes who peaks at just the right time.　　　
③As you know,we need extra help during the peak season.　　　
④The climbers made camp halfway up the peak before dark.　　　
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Bordering the square,the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.　　　　　　　
②(2025·浙江1月卷)The man froze for a second,but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief.　　　　　　　
③(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.　　　　　　　
④(2020·浙江1月卷)The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.　　　
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.The store offers a variety of 　　　　 (freeze) fruit and vegetables,which are convenient for quick cooking.
2.The students waited in 　　　　 (anticipate) for the results of the science competition,hoping their hard work would pay off.
3.Contrary 　　　　 popular belief,digital reading is not always more efficient than reading printed books.
4.I was 　　　　 (astonish) by the hummingbird’s courage when it flew close to my face to say goodbye.
5.The bike rental company placed an 　　　　 (advertise) in the local newspaper to attract more tourists.
6.The audience erupted into 　　　　 (thunder) applause when the singer finished her performance.
7.[神态描写] Her eyes widened at the 　　　　 (mass) cake,a look of surprise mixing with joy on her face.
8.[动作描写] The 　　　　 (photograph) knelt down,raised his camera quickly,and pressed the shutter to freeze the moment.
9.[主旨升华] True happiness arises 　　　　 not what we get,but how we cherish what we have.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 介绍信——国家地理概况——桂林旅游
　　假设你是李华,几天前你和父母一起去了桂林旅游,请你根据以下提示给你的外国朋友Steven写一封信介绍一下这次旅行。
参考词汇:龙脊梯田the Longji Rice Terraces,象鼻山the Elephant Trunk Hill
[场景演练]
1.几天前,我和父母进行了一次愉快的桂林之旅。我将和你分享一下此次旅行。(pleasant)
2.我们参观了许多著名的旅游景点,包括漓江、龙脊梯田和象鼻山。(tourist spot)
3.龙脊梯田真的令我们赞叹。(take sb’s breath away)
4.它不仅是农业工程的奇观,也是人类智慧的活博物馆。因此每个游客都一定会去参观它。(bound)
5.象鼻山是一个壮观的景点,它像大象鼻子浸在河中。(spectacular)
6.这是一次非常棒的旅行,它将永远留在我的记忆中。(awesome)
[句式升级]
1.将第3句用what引导的主语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第4句用not only...but also...的倒装结构进行改写升级。
3.将第5句用过去分词作定语进行改写升级。
4.将第6句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
要求:请根据P255的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
　　On her way home after school,she had to pass the old house that stood alone at the corner of the street.①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(强调句) made her freeze with terror.Her throat tightened at once,②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(独立主格结构).Fear swept over her—she broke into a cold sweat and her knees suddenly went weak.Down her back ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(倒装句).④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(现在分词作状语),she was too scared to even call out for help.That sudden fright nearly scared her to death.Overwhelming terror kept her rooted to the spot,⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(形容词短语作状语).⑥　
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.arise　　　　vi.(arose,arisen) 起身;出现;由……引起 2.awesome adj.令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的 3.spectacular adj.壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的 n.壮丽的场面;精彩的表演 4.peak n.顶峰;山峰;尖形 5.highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目 6.drill vi.& vt.钻(孔);打(眼) n.钻(头);训练;演习 7.bunch　　　　n.束;串;捆 8.enrol vi.& vt.(使)加入;注册;登记 9.anyhow adv.(结束交谈或转移话题时)不过;反正 10.alongside prep.在……旁边;与……一起 adv.在旁边 11.proceed vi.行进;继续做 12.owe vt.欠(账、债、情等);归功于 13.toast n.烤面包片;吐司;干杯 vt.为……干杯 vt.& vi.烤(尤指面包)
阅 读 词 汇 1.airline　　　　n.航空公司 2.bay n.(海或湖的)湾 3.craft n.手艺;工艺;技艺 4.antique n.古物;古董 adj.古老的;古董的 5.scenery n.风景;景色 6.goat n.山羊 7.grizzly bear n.灰熊 8.mall n.(also shopping mall) 购物商场;购物广场 9.prairie　　　　　n.北美草原 10.curtain n.窗帘 11.border n.国界;边界(地区) 12.harbour n.(海)港;港口 13.quarry n.采石场 14.idiom n.习语;成语 15.shore n.岸;滨 16.steel n.钢;钢铁工业 17.accent n.口音 18.cobblestone adj.铺有鹅卵石的
拓 展 词 汇 1.pleasant adj.令人愉快的;友好的→please vt.使满意;使愉快;喜欢→pleasure n.快乐;玩乐;令人高兴的事→pleased adj.高兴的;满意的→pleasing adj.令人高兴的;令人满意的 2.massive adj.巨大的;非常严重的→mass n.团,块;大量;群众→massively adv.大量地;沉重地 3.literally adv.字面上;真正地→literal adj.字面意义的;完全按原文的 4.breath n.呼吸的空气→breathe vi.& vt.呼吸;呼出→breathless adj.(使)气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的 5.bound adj.准备前往(某地);一定会→boundary n.边界;界限 6.freeze vi.& vt.结冰;(使)冻住→freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的 n.冰点;冻结→frozen adj.冷冻的;结冰的;冻结的→freezer n.冰柜;冷冻柜 7.anticipate vt.预料;预见;期望→anticipation n.预料;预期;期望 8.thunder vi.打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动 n.雷声;轰隆声→thunderous adj.雷鸣般的 9.frost n.霜;严寒天气;霜冻 vt.使蒙上霜 vi.结霜→frosty adj.结霜的;严寒的 10.duration n.持续时间;期间→during prep.在……期间;在……期间的某个时候→durable adj.耐用的;持久的→endure vt.& vi.忍耐;忍受;持续
拓 展 词 汇 11.contrary adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)→contrarily adv.相反地;相反;反之→contradict vt.反驳;与……矛盾;违背→contradiction n.矛盾;不一致;反驳 12.astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;使大为惊奇→astonishing adj.令人吃惊的;令人十分惊讶的→astonished adj.感到十分惊讶的;感到吃惊的→astonishment n.惊讶;惊异 13.mist n.薄雾;水汽→misty adj.多雾的;模糊的 14.dusk n.黄昏;傍晚→dusky adj.(光线)昏暗的;暗淡的 15.advertisement n.广告;启事→advertise vt.登广告;为……做广告;公布→advertiser n.广告商;广告公司 16.photographer n.摄影师;拍照者→photograph n.照片;相片 vt.拍照;照相→photography n.照相术;摄影 17.coherent adj.有条理的;清楚易懂的→coherence n.连贯性;条理性→coherently adv.条理清楚地;连贯地
重 点 词 块 1.a couple of　　　　　　几个 2.be typical of 是……的典型特点 3.take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹 4.in addition to 除……之外(还) 5.freezing cold 极冷的;冻僵的 6.a bunch of 一束;一串;一群;大量 7.pull back　　 　把……向后拉;(使)撤退 8.all in all 总的来说;总之 9.contrary to 相反的;相对立的 10.proceed to sth 进而做(参加) 11.in contrast to 和……形成对比;和……相反 12.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
重 点 句 型 1.她们没有一路乘坐商业航班,而是决定先飞到温哥华,然后再乘坐火车。(rather than) Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way,they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 2.从车窗往外望去,加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。(过去分词短语作状语) Seen from the train window,the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 3.此外,这里还有很棒的餐馆和俱乐部。(There be句型) There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around,too. 4.上午九点半,她们终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。(not until的强调句型) It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto. 5.如果有机会,我想去加拿大。(倒装句) Should the opportunity arise (=If the opportunity should arise),I’d love to go to Canada.
变动词的后缀“-ize/-ise”集锦:
①real→realize/realise意识到;实现　　　　　　②organ→organize/organise组织;安排
③modern→modernize/modernise使现代化 ④apology→apologize/apologise道歉;认错
⑤critic→criticize/criticise批评;评论 ⑥memory→memorize/memorise记住;熟记
⑦special→specialize/specialise专门研究;专攻 ⑧global→globalize/globalise使全球化
⑨social→socialize/socialise交往;使社会化
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant (please) where I live,thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them (而不是买它们)outright,providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing (astonish) potential of AI to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future... 4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)“The kids literally (literal) come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. 5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)...join Yellowstone’s park photographer (photograph) for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6.(2022·全国乙卷)But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology contradicted that idea (反驳了那个观点). 7.(2022·全国甲卷)When we paused to catch our breath (恢复正常呼吸),Steve got down on one knee. 8.(2021·浙江1月卷)The satisfaction of knowing that my work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive (mass). 9.(2021·全国甲卷)It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing (freeze) fog hung in the air. 10.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques (antique).
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.arise vi.(arose,arisen) 起身;出现;由……引起
①[建议信]When difficulties arise in study (当学习中出现困难时),it is wise to ask teachers for help in time.
②[动作描写]As soon as the bell rang,he arose from his seat (他从座位上站起来),grabbed his schoolbag and ran to the school gate.
③[申请信]我对这个社团的申请源于对环保活动的热爱。
My application for this club arises from/out of my love for environmental protection activities.
2.bound adj.准备前往(某地);一定会
①[神态描写]His gaze was firm,as if saying he was bound to win the game (他一定会赢得这场比赛).
②[申请信] I have always been bound up in (一直热衷于) environmental protection activities,which is why I apply to join the environmental club.
③[通知]The school bus bound for Beijing (开往北京的) will depart at the school gate at 7 am.
④[报道]研究表明,健康问题常常和不良的饮食习惯密切相关。
Studies show that health problems are often bound up with bad eating habits.
3.freeze vi.& vt.(froze,frozen)结冰;(使)冻住
①[通知]Due to the freezing (freeze) cold weather,the outdoor sports meeting scheduled for tomorrow will be postponed.
②[邀请信]We’re going to have a ice-skating party at the frozen (freeze) lake this Sunday.
③[场景描写]His breath turned into white fog in the air—temperatures were far below freezing.
④[心理描写]看到那只狗吠叫着朝我冲来时,我吓得呆在原地。我的大脑一片空白。
As I saw the dog rushing toward me barking,I was frozen to the spot/ground.My mind went blank.
4.contrary adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)
①There is no evidence to the contrary,so we have to believe his story.
②[心理描写] She wanted to take part in the competition but was afraid of failure,and this contradiction (contrary) kept her awake all night.
③[求助信] I thought I could finish the project alone,but quite/on the contrary (可恰恰相反),I’m now stuck in collecting data.
④[报道] The survey shows that contrary to expectations (与预期相反),most students prefer reading paper books to e-books.
⑤[主旨升华]成长从不与挑战相悖,正是通过克服困难,我们才变得更强大。
Growth is never contrary to challenges;it is through overcoming difficulties that we become stronger.
5.astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;使大为惊奇
①When the astonishing news of her sudden victory spread,the crowd looked astonished,and the sheer surprise seemed to astonish even the winner herself.(astonish)
②[建议信]You may be astonished to find (find) that taking 10-minute breaks actually helps you focus longer.
③[邀请信]You’ll be astonished at/by how lively our autumn festival is—there are games,performances,and delicious food.Would you join us
④[神态描写]His eyes widened in astonishment,and his mouth hung open as he heard the unexpected news.
⑤[申请信]令我惊讶的是,这个项目提供了这么多实用课程,这也是我申请的原因。
→It astonishes me that the program offers so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(it作形式主语)
→To my astonishment,the program provides so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(astonishment)
→It is astonishing that the program has so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(astonishing)
→What astonishes me is that the program offers so many practical courses,and this is why I’m applying.(主语从句)
6.owe vt.欠(账、债、情等);归功于
①[神态描写]He nodded firmly,as if saying he owed it to his teammates to try (try) his best.
②[感谢信]I owe it to my chemistry teacher that I fell in love with science.
③[建议信]You should know you owe her an apology (你欠她一个道歉) for your careless words.
④[主旨升华]由于合作精神,微小的努力可汇聚为改变世界的强大力量。
Owing to the spirit of cooperation,small efforts can gather into great power to change the world.
7.take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹
①[动作描写]He climbed the stairs three at a time,reaching the top breathless (breath) and leaning against the wall.
②[通知]Please keep calm and maintain steady breath (breathe) during the fire drill.
③[演讲稿]人生就像一连串的呼吸——我们在挑战中屏住呼吸,深吸一口气继续前行,呼出勇气。这就是成长的方式。
Life is like a series of breaths—we hold our breath in challenges,take a deep breath to keep going,and breathe out courage.That’s how we grow.
④[场景描写]一路飞奔到山顶后,她气喘吁吁,于是坐下来恢复正常呼吸。山谷上方那壮丽的日落景色让她惊叹不已。
She was out of breath after sprinting to the top of the hill,so she sat down to catch her breath.The stunning view of the sunset over the valley took her breath away.
8.rather than句式
[教材原句] Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way,they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们没有一路乘坐商业航班,而是决定先飞到温哥华,然后再乘坐火车。
①毫无疑问,用自己的双手工作而不是依靠别人是非常有意义的。
There is no doubt that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than depend on others.
②[主旨升华]机遇,而非运气,会降临到那些努力工作且永不放弃的人身上。
Opportunities,rather than luck,come to those who work hard and never give up.
③尽管面临许多巨大的困难,但我宁愿坚持也不愿放弃。
→In spite of many massive difficulties,I would rather persist than give up.(would rather do...than do...)
→In spite of many massive difficulties,I would persist rather than give up.(would do...rather than do...)
→In spite of many massive difficulties,I prefer to persist rather than give up.(prefer to do...rather than do...)
→In spite of many massive difficulties,I prefer persisting to giving up.(prefer doing...to doing...)
①would do...rather than do...=would rather do...than do...=prefer to do... rather than do...=prefer doing... to doing...宁愿做……也不愿做……
②rather than后接动词不定式时,动词不定式可以带to,也可以不带to,但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to的动词不定式。
9.there be 句型
[教材原句] There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around,too.
此外,这里还有很棒的餐馆和俱乐部。
①[神态描写]她听到好消息时,脸上有一个灿烂的笑容。
There was a big smile on her face when she heard the good news.
②[通知]为了让校园更加美丽,我们预计本周日会有一场清洁活动。请加入我们。
We expect there to be a clean-up activity this Sunday to make our campus more beautiful.Please join us.
③[主旨升华]生活中有时存在黑暗是一种考验,因为黑暗之后必定会有黎明。
There being darkness sometimes in life is a test,for there will surely be dawn after it.
there be句型有多种变体,主要有:
①There+seem(s)/happen(s)/appear(s) to be+主语+其他.
②There+stand(s)/lie(s)/live(s)/exist(s)/remain(s)...+主语+其他.
③There+情态动词+be+主语+其他.
④There used to be+主语+其他.
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Looking at the beautiful scenery,they both agreed ①that it was the most awesome journey
②they had ever taken.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。主句为they both agreed,①是that引导的宾语从句,作agreed的宾语;②是省略that的定语从句,修饰先行词journey。
自主翻译:看着这美丽的风景,她们都认为这是她们所经历过的最令人惊叹的旅行。
情境仿写:品尝着美味的食物,他们都觉得这是他们吃过的最不可思议的一餐。
Tasting the delicious food,they all felt that it was the most incredible meal they had ever had.
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.peak
A.vi.达到高峰　B.adj.高峰时期的　C.n.高峰;顶峰　D.n.山峰
①Traffic usually reaches its peak between eight and nine o’clock in the morning.　C　
②He is one of the excellent athletes who peaks at just the right time.　A　
③As you know,we need extra help during the peak season.　B　
④The climbers made camp halfway up the peak before dark.　D　
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Bordering the square,the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.v.和……毗邻;与……接壤
②(2025·浙江1月卷)The man froze for a second,but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief.v.愣住;僵住
③(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.v.为……增添亮点
④(2020·浙江1月卷)The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.adj.泪眼蒙眬的
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.The store offers a variety of frozen (freeze) fruit and vegetables,which are convenient for quick cooking.
2.The students waited in anticipation (anticipate) for the results of the science competition,hoping their hard work would pay off.
3.Contrary to popular belief,digital reading is not always more efficient than reading printed books.
4.I was astonished (astonish) by the hummingbird’s courage when it flew close to my face to say goodbye.
5.The bike rental company placed an advertisement (advertise) in the local newspaper to attract more tourists.
6.The audience erupted into thunderous (thunder) applause when the singer finished her performance.
7.[神态描写] Her eyes widened at the massive (mass) cake,a look of surprise mixing with joy on her face.
8.[动作描写] The photographer (photograph) knelt down,raised his camera quickly,and pressed the shutter to freeze the moment.
9.[主旨升华] True happiness arises from not what we get,but how we cherish what we have.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 介绍信——国家地理概况——桂林旅游
　　假设你是李华,几天前你和父母一起去了桂林旅游,请你根据以下提示给你的外国朋友Steven写一封信介绍一下这次旅行。
参考词汇:龙脊梯田the Longji Rice Terraces,象鼻山the Elephant Trunk Hill
[场景演练]
1.几天前,我和父母进行了一次愉快的桂林之旅。我将和你分享一下此次旅行。(pleasant)
I went on a pleasant trip to Guilin with my parents a few days ago.I will share it with you.
2.我们参观了许多著名的旅游景点,包括漓江、龙脊梯田和象鼻山。(tourist spot)
We dropped in at many famous tourist spots,including the Li River,the Longji Rice Terraces and the Elephant Trunk Hill.
3.龙脊梯田真的令我们赞叹。(take sb’s breath away)
The Longji Rice Terraces really took our breath away.
4.它不仅是农业工程的奇观,也是人类智慧的活博物馆。因此每个游客都一定会去参观它。(bound)
It is not only a wonder of agricultural engineering,but it is also a living museum of human wisdom,and therefore every visitor is bound to visit it.
5.象鼻山是一个壮观的景点,它像大象鼻子浸在河中。(spectacular)
The Elephant Trunk Hill is a spectacular scenic spot and it is shaped like an elephant dipping its trunk into the river.
6.这是一次非常棒的旅行,它将永远留在我的记忆中。(awesome)
It was an awesome trip and it will stick in my memory forever.
[句式升级]
1.将第3句用what引导的主语从句进行改写升级。
What really took our breath away was the Longji Rice Terraces.
2.将第4句用not only...but also...的倒装结构进行改写升级。
Not only is it a wonder of agricultural engineering,but it is also a living museum of human wisdom,and therefore every visitor is bound to visit it.
3.将第5句用过去分词作定语进行改写升级。
The Elephant Trunk Hill is a spectacular scenic spot shaped like an elephant dipping its trunk into the river.
4.将第6句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
It was an awesome trip,sticking in my memory forever.
[连句成篇]
Dear Steven,
How is everything going I went on a pleasant trip to Guilin with my parents a few days ago.I will share it with you.
We dropped in at many famous tourist spots,including the Li River,the Longji Rice Terraces and the Elephant Trunk Hill.What really took our breath away was the Longji Rice Terraces.Not only is it a wonder of agricultural engineering,but it is also a living museum of human wisdom,and therefore every visitor is bound to visit it.The Elephant Trunk Hill is a spectacular scenic spot shaped like an elephant dipping its trunk into the river.
It was an awesome trip,sticking in my memory forever.
Yours,
Li Hua
要求:请根据P191的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
　　On her way home after school,she had to pass the old house that stood alone at the corner of the street.①It was a loud sound from the old house that(强调句) made her freeze with terror.Her throat tightened at once,②her heart pounding wildly(独立主格结构).Fear swept over her—she broke into a cold sweat and her knees suddenly went weak.Down her back ③ran a shiver of panic(倒装句).④Trembling with fear(现在分词作状语),she was too scared to even call out for help.That sudden fright nearly scared her to death.Overwhelming terror kept her rooted to the spot,⑤unable to move a muscle(形容词短语作状语).⑥Only when she heard the laughter of her classmates in the distance did she force herself to turn around and run.She dashed toward the familiar laughter,her fear dissolving into a mixture of relief and playful anger.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　adj.复杂的;难懂的;(语法)复合的 2.　　　　 vt.& vi.记起;回想起 3.　　　　 n.公司;商行;事务所 adj.结实的;牢固的;坚定的 4.　　　　 vt.理解;领会;抓紧 5.　　　　 vi.& n.迅速发展;繁荣 6.　　　　　　vt.否认;否定;拒绝 7.　　　　 vt.获得;赢得;取得;增加 n.好处;增加 8.　　　　 n.前景;可能性;观点 9.　　　　 n.腰带;地带 10.　　　　 n.结果;效果
阅 读 词 汇 1.tutor　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.cite vt.　　　　　　　 3.zone n.　　　　　　　 4.insight n.　　　　　　　 5.setting n.　　　　　　　 6.tremendous　　　　adj.　　　　　　　 7.perspective n.　　　　　　　 8.envoy n.　　　　　　　 9.angle n.　　　　　　　 10.initiative n.　　　　　　　 11.budget n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 vt.& vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→　　　　 n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历→　　　　 adj.具备……的学历(或资历);符合资格 2.　　　　 n.追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→　　　　 adj.有野心的;有雄心的→　　　　 adv.雄心勃勃地 3.　　　　 n.适应;改编本→　　　　 vt.使适应;改编 vi.适应→　　　　 adj.适应的;有适应能力的 4.　　　　 n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰→　　　　 adj.舒适的;舒服的;自在的→　　　　 adv.舒适地;舒服地→　　　　 adj.使人不舒服的;令人不舒适的→　　　　 n.不适;不舒服;不安 vt.使不舒服;使不安 5.　　　　 vi.参加;参与→　　　　 n.参加;参与→　　　　 n.参加者;参与者 6.　　　　 n.报告;陈述;出示;拿出→　　　　 vt.颁发;提交;展示;上演 n.礼物;目前 adj.当前的;出席 7.　　　　 vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)→　　　　 n.订婚;约定;(与……的)密切关系→　　　　 adj.忙于,从事;已订婚的;被占用的→　　　　 adj.有趣的;令人愉快的;迷人的 8.　　　　 vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→　　　　 n.参与;加入;投入→　　　　 adj.参与;有关联;关注 9.　　　　 n.送信人;信使→　　　　 n.(书面或口头的)消息,信息;(书、演讲等的)要旨 10.　　　　 n.(报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次→　　　　 vt.编辑;剪辑→　　　　 n.(报纸、杂志等的)主编,编辑;(书的)编者
拓 展 词 汇 11.　　　　 adj.无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的→　　　　 vt.(感情或感觉)充溢,难以承受;彻底战胜;压垮 12.　　　　 n.思乡病;乡愁→　　　　 adj.思乡的;想家的 13.　　　　 vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励→　　　　 n.动力;积极性;动机→　　　　 adj.积极的;主动的 14.　　　　 n.(also adviser) 顾问→　　　　 vt.& vi.建议;劝告→　　　　 n.建议;劝告 15.　　　　 adj.有道理的;合情理的→　　　　 n.原因;理由;理性 v.推理;思考→　　　　 adv.合情合理地;适度地 16.　　　　 n.期望;预期;期待→　　　　 v.期待;预期;指望→　　　　 adj.预期的;预料的→　　　　 adj.出乎意料的;始料不及的→　　　　 adv.出乎意料地 17.　　　　 n.申请人→　　　　 vt.& vi.申请 vt.应用;涂→　　　　 n.申请;应用;申请书 18.　　　　 vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)→　　　　 n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露→　　　　 adj.无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的 19.　　　　 n.离开;启程;出发→　　　　 vt.& vi.离开;启程;出发 20.　　　　 adj.巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→　　　　 n.戏剧→　　　　 adv.急剧地;戏剧性地 21.　　　　 n.费用;花费;开销→　　　　 v.花费;消耗;耗费→　　　　 adj.昂贵的;花钱多的→　　　　 adj.不昂贵的 22.　　　　 vi.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌→　　　　 n.行为,举止;习性→　　　　 adj.彬彬有礼的;行为端正的→　　　　 adj.表现差的 23.　　　　 n.[pl.] 环境;周围的事物→　　　　 vt.包围;环绕→　　　　 adj.周围的;附近的 24.　　　　 adj.成熟的→　　　　 n.成熟;完备→　　　　 adj.(行为)不成熟的;发育未全的 25.　　　　 vt.使沮丧;使忧愁→　　　　 adj.沮丧的;意志消沉的→　　　　 n.抑郁;沮丧;萧条→　　　　 adj.令人沮丧的;令人消沉的 26.　　　　 vi.& vt.加强;增强;巩固→　　　　 n.力量;力气;优势→　　　　 adj.强壮的;强烈的 27.　　　　 adj.乐观的→　　　　 n.乐观;乐观主义→　　　　 adv.乐观地 28.　　　　 adj.有能力的;称职的→　　　　 n.能力;胜任;本领→　　　　 vi.竞争;比赛 29.　　　　 vi.合作;协作;配合→　　　　 n.合作;协作→　　　　 adj.合作的;协作的 n.合作企业;合作社组织 30.　　　　 adv.真诚地;诚实地→　　　　 adj.真诚的;诚挚的;诚实的→　　　　 n.坦诚;诚恳→　　　　 adj.不诚恳的;不真心的 31.　　　　 adj.合乎逻辑的;合情合理的→ 　　　　 n.思维方式;逻辑;逻辑学→　　　　 adv.合乎逻辑地
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　　参加;参与 2.　　　　　　　 大声点说;明确表态 3.　　　　　　　 舒服自在;不拘束 4.　　　　　　　 (使)从事;参与 5.　　　　　　　 参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于 6.　　　　　　　 文化冲击 7.　　　　　　　　　　舒适区;舒适范围 8.　　　　　　　 (使)花一大笔钱 9.　　　　　　　 支持;站在……的一边 10.　　　　　　　 据我所知 11.　　　　　　　 就我而言;依我看来 12.　　　　　　　 总的来说;总之 13.　　　　　　　 一般来说
重 点 句 型 1.这是她第一次离开中国。(It was the first time that+过去完成时) 　　　　　　　　　　 she 　　　　　　　 China. 2.她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。[the first time (that)...第一次……时] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 3.刚开始,谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是,没过几周,她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。(what引导的同位语从句) At first,Xie Lei had no idea 　　　　　　　　　　　　,but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 4.在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时,有些人可能会感到吃力,并承受文化冲击的折磨。(状语从句的省略) Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.总之,出国留学有不利的一面,这个事实是不可否认的,因此当你想要出国留学时,应当考虑上述诸多因素。(one cannot deny the fact that...) To sum up,　　　　　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so when you think about studying abroad,you should consider these many factors.
动词、名词变形容词的后缀“-ic/-tic”集锦:
①drama→dramatic巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的
②history→historic历史上著名(或重要)的
③poet→poetic诗歌的　　　　　　　　　　④economy→economic经济的;经济学的
⑤hero→heroic英雄的;英勇的 ⑥romance→romantic浪漫的
⑦realise→realistic现实的;逼真的 ⑧fantasy→fantastic极好的;了不起的
⑨academy→academic学业的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)This approach spared me the 　　　　 (comfort) of having to over-explain. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of 　　　　 (surround) yourself with plants,don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Helping the community lowers rates of 　　　　 (depress). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its 　　　　 (logic) conclusion. 5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No 　　　　 (edit) is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the 　　　　 (depart) of the last bus to Prague.
7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The latest engineering techniques 　　　　 (apply) to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Audio (音频) and video can feel more 　　　　 (engage) than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies... 9.(2024·北京卷)Since there are many factors involved 　　　　 the pairing process,not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 10.(2024·北京卷)Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged,while 　　　　 (cooperate),humbleness and courage are praised. 11.(2024·北京卷)These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our 　　　　 (behave) according to the norms and values of our family and our community. 12.(2024·北京卷)These abilities 　　　　 (strengthen) by our capacity for language,which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们第一次住在那里的时候),we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike making its way down the hill toward us. 14.(2023·全国乙卷)She 　　　　 (qualify) as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas. 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)I’m preparing a 　　　　 (present) for the city library.It’s about a girl named Tracy Woods. 16.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)The first group participated 　　　　 a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. 17.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s 　　　　 (expect). 18.(2022·全国甲卷)Though not 　　　　 (know) to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 19.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly 　　　　 (ambition) sportsmen. 20.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can 　　　　 (reasonable) support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 21.(2021·浙江6月卷)To us,the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans,which gives them a lot of 　　　　 (expose) to human facial expressions... 22.(2021·浙江6月卷)And his dad,Albert,took the money my dad earned and used it to pay family 　　　　 (expense).
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰
①[求助信] 　　　　　　　　　　　　(令我宽慰的是),I know you’re always willing to help,so I’m writing to ask for your advice on my study plan.
②[建议信] If you feel anxious before the exam,listening to light music can help you 　　　　　
　　　　　　　(保持舒适) and calm down.
③[主旨升华] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(真正的安慰并非来自物质的东西),but from the love and care we share with each other.
④[动作描写] She 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(用……安慰哭泣的妹妹) a stuffed bear,patting her back gently until the girl 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (舒适地睡着).
当comfort表示抽象概念“安慰;舒服”时,是不可数名词;当表示具体的“令人感到安慰的人或事物”时,是可数名词,可与不定冠词a连用。类似用法的名词还有success,failure,surprise, joy,danger,honour等(均遵循“抽象不可数,具体可数”的规律),但fun例外,fun虽可指具体的人或事,但它是不可数名词,不能与不定冠词a连用。
2.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
①[建议信] Schools should engage professional mentors 　　　　 (guide) students in career planning.
②[求助信] Could I engage you 　　　　 discussing the outline of my history paper I’m unsure about the structure.
③[邀请信] It’s my pleasure to inform you that I am engaged 　　　　 Anna,and the wedding will be held next month.
④[神态描写] With bright eyes and an 　　　　 (engage) smile,she told stories that fascinated everyone.
⑤[主旨升华] 那些投身于保护传统文化的人,正在为文明延续点亮灯火。
→Those 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 protecting traditional culture are lighting the way for the continuation of civilization.(定语从句)
→Those 　　　　　　　　 protecting traditional culture are lighting the way for the continuation of civilization.(过去分词)
→Those 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the protection of traditional culture are lighting the way for the continuation of civilization.(现在分词)
be engaged to sb 表示“与某人订婚”,此时engaged后接介词to,不可用介词with。
3.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加
①[建议信] I suggest you involve 　　　　 (you) in class management as it can develop your sense of responsibility and organizational skills.
②[求助信] This research project involves 　　　　 (collect) a large amount of data,and I find it hard to finish alone.Could you help me
③Those 　　　　 in the community project,whose active 　　　　 has greatly helped improve local life,believe that such efforts 　　　　 more than just physical work—they build connections between people.(involve)
④[活动报道] 在全体师生的参与下,我校科技节取得了圆满成功。
The science and technology festival of our school was a great success 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.expectation n.期望;预期;期待
①[求助信] I expect you 　　　　 (give) me some advice on how to improve my English writing skills.
②We all 　　　　 the team to achieve the 　　　　 goal in the competition,but an 　　　　 heavy rain came 　　　　,which made their performance beyond everyone’s 　　　　.(expect)
③[邀请信] We await your arrival 　　　　　　　　(满怀期待地),as your presence will make the party more wonderful.
④[人物介绍] Despite his young age,he showed a remarkably high level in the competition and fully 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (不负他教练所望).
⑤[活动报道] 　　　　　　　　(不出所料),the local team won the championship in the basketball match yesterday.
⑥[主旨升华] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(生活中充满了意想不到的挑战),but it is these challenges that make our growth more meaningful.
5.expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
①[主旨升华] 　　　　 (expose) to different perspectives teaches us to respect differences,and this is how the world becomes more harmonious.
②[动作描写] He quickly pulled down the curtain to avoid exposing the surprise party 　　　　 his sister.
③[建议信] If you expose yourself to more English conversations,your oral communication skills will improve gradually.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you will find your oral communication skills improving gradually.(现在分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,your oral communication skills will improve gradually.(过去分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 will lead to a gradual improvement of your oral communication skills.(动名词短语作主语)
及物动词expose后若无宾语,则常常使用它的被动形式;在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
6.behave vi.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌
①[主旨升华] Good 　　　　 (behave) is like a light—it not only brightens yourself but also guides others to be better.
②[动作描写] He behaved 　　　　 a gentleman,opening the door for the girl carrying heavy books.
③[演讲稿] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (友善对待他人) is not just polite—it’s the foundation of a harmonious society!
④[求助信] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我弟弟表现很差)at parties,so I need your help 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(教他守规矩).
7.deny vt.否认;否定;拒绝
①[邀请信] We would never deny the chance to attend our festival 　　　　 a friend like you,so please accept our invitation.
②[动作描写] He crossed his arms,denying 　　　　 (knock) over the vase,even though the broken pieces were at his feet.
③[神态描写] She bit her lip,　　　　　　　　 (否认) she was sad—yet tears filled her eyes.
④[主旨升华] 不可否认,善意虽小,却能像阳光一样温暖整个世界。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(denying)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (denied)
8.It was the first time that sb had done sth 这是某人第一次做某事
[教材原句] It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
①[求助信] 这是我第一次在上学路上丢了钱包。曾经有一段时间妈妈总提醒我要小心,可我没听。
This is the first time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on the way to school.　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　my mom always reminded me to be careful,but I didn’t listen.
②[邀请信] 这是我第三次邀请你参加我的生日聚会了。到了你该答应的时候了——我的朋友们都很期待见到你!
This was the third time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It is high time that
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　—my friends are all looking forward to meeting you!
9.the first time (that)... 第一次……时
[教材原句] The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。
①[邀请信] 每次我们举办班级聚会,你的笑话总能让气氛很活跃。这周五你来吗 (every time)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,your jokes always make the atmosphere lively.Will you come this Friday
②[活动报道] 比赛一开始,所有运动员都大显身手。(the minute)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,all the players showed their best skills.
③[场景描写] 太阳一越过山顶,整个村庄就沐浴在金色的阳光中。(the instant)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the whole village was bathed in golden sunlight.
④[神态描写] 第一次获奖时,她的眼睛里闪烁着骄傲与喜悦的光芒。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,her eyes were shining with pride and happiness.
the first time表示“第一次”,在句中可作宾语、表语,还可作连词引导时间状语从句。for the first time是介词短语,表示“第一次”,作状语,不引导从句。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] At first,Xie Lei had no idea ①what she should say,but ②what surprised her was ③that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
尝试分析: 这是一个并列复合句,由but连接。句①是what引导的　　　　从句,句②是what引导的　　　　从句,句③是that引导的　　　　从句。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:一开始,我压根不清楚自己面临着什么问题,可让我发愁的是,学了好几个小时,物理概念还是一知半解。
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.engage(d)
A.vt.聘用　　　　　　B.adj.忙于
C.vi.参加;参与(活动) D.adj.已订婚的
E.vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
①Only 10% of the students engaged in the qualification examination.　　　
②No one can deny the fact that this moving film engages both the mind and the eye.　　　
③His father engaged a tutor to motivate him to improve his maths.　　　　
④In summary,I was so engaged in my study that I paid no attention to my mother’s feelings.
　　　
⑤She was engaged to Peter,which was beyond our expectations.　　　
2.firm
A.adj.牢固的;结实的　B.adj.坚定的;坚决的
C.n.公司;商行 D.v.(使)变坚实;(使)稳固
①The small firm specializes in producing high-quality handmade furniture.　　　
②You need a firm surface to place the heavy machine,or it might tip over.　　　
③Her firm refusal to compromise surprised everyone in the meeting.　　　
④Leave the mixture in the fridge for an hour to let it firm up.　　　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”　　　　　　　
②(2022·浙江1月卷)America did not invent the steam engine,but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.　　　　　　　
③(2022·浙江1月卷)Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.　　　　　　　
④(2021·浙江6月卷)Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles.　　　　　　　
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this 　　　　 (behave) up a notch.
2.(2024·全国甲卷)Elizabeth Sims analyses the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them 　　　　 your work.
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher’s office after the award 　　　　 (present).
4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)...I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more 　　　　 (comfort) and confident speaking English.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)Last weekend,I participated 　　　　 a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Students’ Union.
6.[活动报道] The exhibition gave students 　　　　 (expose) to ancient culture through interactive displays.
7.Initially,I used the online platform as a diary,something to look back on,giving me a sense of achievement and keeping me 　　　　 (motivate) and moving forward.
8.[求助信] I’m worried I can’t meet my parents’ 　　　　 (expect) for the exam.Could you give me some advice
9.[主旨升华] True 　　　　 (competent) isn’t about being perfect,but having the courage to learn from failures.
10.[演讲稿] There is no 　　　 　 (deny) that environmental protection concerns every one of us.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 求助信—跨文化沟通—文化差异
假设你是李华,你来到英国的一所中学学习。因为文化差异,你感到压力很大,所以写信向老师Tom求助。
要点如下:1.如何适应环境;2.如何与同学们相处;3.如何提升学业成绩。
[场景演练]
1.我写信向您求助,因为我面临巨大的压力。(overwhelming)
2.首先,我觉得很难适应国外生活。(gain,adaptation)
3.我需要住在寄宿家庭吗 (host family)
4.寄宿家庭有成熟的语言环境。(mature,surroundings)
5.此外,我和同学相处有困难。(get along with)
6.我需要参加各种各样的活动吗 (engage in)
7.通过参加活动,我可以交朋友。(get involved in)
8.最后但同等重要的是,您能告诉我如何克服学业上的困难,提升成绩吗 (overcome, academic)
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用it作形式宾语进行改写升级。
2.将第3句和第4句用定语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
frightened adj.受惊的 scared adj.害怕的 terrified adj.非常害怕;十分恐惧 fear n.害怕,惧怕 panic n.惊恐;恐慌(含慌乱感) fright n.惊吓,恐怖(常指突发) terror n.惊恐,恐惧;惊骇(极端强烈) freeze with terror 吓呆 恐惧、 惊恐 tremble with fear 吓得发抖 break into a cold sweat 冒冷汗 one’s throat tightens 喉咙发紧 one’s knees go weak 膝盖发软 heart pounds wildly 心脏狂跳 fear sweeps over sb 恐惧席卷某人 be scared to death 吓得要死 a shiver of panic 一阵恐慌的颤抖
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 2.　　　　 n.证据;证明;检验 3.　　　　 n.泵;抽水机;打气筒 4.　　　　 vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责 5.　　　　 n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6.　　　　 n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联 7.　　　　 n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 8.　　　　 adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体 9.　　　　　　vt.(　　　　,　　　　) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷 10.　　　　 n.阴影;影子;背光处 11.　　　　 vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) 12.　　　　 n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的 13.　　　　 vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 14.　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 15.　　　　 prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且;此外 16.　　　　 adv.此外;再者 17.　　　　 n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
阅 读 词 汇 1.cholera　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.diarrhoea (NAmE diarrhea)n.　　　　　　　 3.dehydration n.　　　　　　　 4.germ n.　　　　　　　 5.household n.　　　　　　　 6.raw adj.　　　　　　　 7.substantial adj.　　　　　　　 8.statistic n.[pl.-s] 　　　　　　　 9.epidemiology n.　　　　　　　 10.microscope n.　　　　　　　 11.protein n.　　　　　　　 12.cell n.　　　　　　　 13.virus　　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 14.vaccine n.　　　　　　　 15.framework n.　　　　　　　 16.rainbow n.　　　　　　　 17.plasma n.　　　　　　　 18.aerospace n.　　　　　　　 19.patriotic adj.　　　　　　　 20.aviation n.　　　　　　　 21.jet n.　　　　　　　 22.missile n.　　　　　　　 23.abstract adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 24.concept n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→ 　　　　 vt.使沮丧;使懊恼;挫败→ 　　　　 n.懊恼;沮丧;挫败→ 　　　　 adj.令人懊恼的;使人沮丧的 2.　　　　 adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→　　　　 vt.反驳;相矛盾;相反→ 　　　　 n.矛盾;对立;反驳 3.　　　　 vt.使感染;传染→ 　　　　 n.感染;传染→ 　　　　 adj.感染的;传染性的;有传染力的→ 　　　　adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的 4.　　　　 vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→ 　　　　 n.订阅;定期服务费;订购→ 　　　　 n.订阅人;用户 5.　　　　 adj.数量多的;多种多样的→ 　　　　 vt.乘;大量增加;繁殖 6.　　　　 vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→ 　　　　 n.怀疑;嫌疑→ 　　　　 adj.怀疑的;不信任的 7.　　　　 n.介入;出面;干涉→　　　　 vi.干预;介入;出面;插嘴;阻挠 8.　　　　 adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ 　　　　 adv.仅仅;完全→ 　　　　 vt.净化 9.　　　　vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ 　　　　 n.(彻底的)变化,改观,转变,改革→ 　　　　 adj.有改革能力的 10.　　　　 n.思想;思维;见解→ 　　　　 v.思考;认为→ 　　　　 n.想法;思想 11.　　　　n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→ 　　　　 vt.发现;找到→ 　　　 n.发现者 12.　　　　adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→ 　　　　 adv.起初;开始→ 　　　　 vt.开始;发起;创始 13.　　　　 n.机械师;机械修理工→ 　　　　 adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的 14.　　　　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ 　　　　 n.保卫;保护;防御→ 　　　　 n.守卫者;保护人→ 　　　　 adj.自卫的;防御的 15.　　　　 n.助理;助手→ 　　　　 v.帮助;协助;援助→ 　　　　 n.帮助;援助;支持 16.　　　　n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→ 　　　　 vt.领导;引导→ 　　　　 n.领导者;首领 17.　　　　adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ 　　　　 n.天赋;礼物;赠品 18.　　　　 adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ 　　　　 adv.稳定地;稳步地→ 　　　　 n.稳定;稳固→　　　　 adj.站不稳的;摇晃的→ 　　　　adv.不稳定地 19.　　　　 n.天文学家→ 　　　　 n.天文学 20.　　　　 n.弱点;过错→ 　　　　 adj.有错误的;有缺陷的→ 　　　　 adj.没有错误的;无缺点的→ 　　　　 adv.无缺点地 21.　　　　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的;逼真的→ 　　　　 adv.清晰地;鲜明地→ 　　　　 n.逼真
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　关怀;照料;处理 2.　　　　　　　 最终地;彻底地 3.　　　　　　　 总的来说;通常 4.　　　　　　　 同意;赞同 5.　　　　　　　 怀疑某人(做了)某事 6.　　　　　　　 应受责备;对……负有责任 7.　　　　　　　 幸亏;由于 8.　　　　　　　　　　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 9.　　　　　　　 主管;掌管 10.　　　　　　　 患(病);染上(小病) 11.　　　　　　　 最重要的是;尤其是 12.　　　　　　　 及时;迟早 13.　　　　　　　 可能做某事
重 点 句 型 1.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。(“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构) As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。(so...that...引导结果状语从句) He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 　　　　　　　　　　　 more than 500 people died in ten days. 3.该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。(It seemed that句型;have sth done结构) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she 　　　　　　　　　　　　 to her house every day. 4.与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。(be likely to) The people who drank this water 　　　　　　　　　　　　 get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 5.此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。(the way+定语从句) Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
动词、名词变形容词的后缀“-ous”集锦:
①infect→infectious感染的;传染性的;有传染力的　　　②danger→dangerous危险的
③fame→famous有名的 ④courage→courageous勇敢的
⑤anxiety→anxious焦虑的;担忧的 ⑥fury→furious狂怒的;激烈的
⑦glory→glorious荣耀的;辉煌的 ⑧envy→envious嫉妒的
⑨humor→humorous幽默的 ⑩nerve→nervous紧张的;神经的
vary→various各种各样的 poison→poisonous有毒的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is 　　　　 charge of the exhibition. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked 　　　　 some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Our study showed that there was a 30% 　　　　 (降低) in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)They 　　　　 (pure) the environment. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks 　　　　 the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteers are also more likely 　　　　　　　　 (look) after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I forced a smile,unsure 　　　　　　　　　　　　(如何进一步回答). 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) A few minutes spent 　　　　 (投射) your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
9.(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific 　　　　 (证据) concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. 10.(2024·北京卷)When something is 　　　　 (contradict) to their view,they don’t treat it as exceptional. 11.(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　 (assistant) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are 　　　　 (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new. 13.(2023·全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas 　　　　 one of the best gymnasts in the world,helping her skyrocket from an elected member of the national team to the top of the sport. 14.(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting 　　　　 (fault) in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems. 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷) I bit back my 　　　　 (frustrate).I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. 16.(2021·全国乙卷)People have been pouring 　　　　 stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 17.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make great 　　　　(gift) and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
①I 　　　　 that the 　　　　 behavior of the 　　　　 has caused widespread 　　　　 among the neighbours.(suspect)
②[建议信] I suggest that the library enforce stricter rules,as 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 (我们怀疑一些学生损坏了) the newly-purchased books.
③[申请信] My commitment to the environment is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (无可置疑),as proven by my three-year volunteer work in community green projects.
④[神态描写] Mom frowned, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (脸上掠过一丝怀疑) as she noticed the half-eaten cake and my coffee-spilled shirt.
英语中常见的“动词+sb+of sth”结构还有:
①accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事　　　　　　　②convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
③inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 ④remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
⑤rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物 ⑥warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
⑦cure sb of sth 治愈某人某种疾病 ⑧rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事
2.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
①[动作描写] She slammed the door,blaming her brother 　　　　 leaking her secret to their parents.
②[演讲稿] We teenagers often blame our mistakes 　　　　 parents or teachers,but true growth starts from taking responsibility.
③[投诉信] The students who chatted loudly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (应对嘈杂环境负责) in the library.
④[主旨升华] 生活中,真正的成熟不在于从不犯错,而在于敢于承担责任——责备他人只会让我们停滞不前。
In life,true maturity lies not in never making mistakes,but in daring to 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　—　　　　　　　　 only keeps us stuck.
短语be to blame中的blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
3.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
①[建议信] 规律锻炼与身体健康之间有明显联系,你应该试着加入校体育社团。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 physical health—you should try joining the school sports club.
②[求助信] 我无法将英语习语与文化背景联系起来,您能推荐一些相关阅读材料吗
I can’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Could you recommend some relevant reading materials
③[演讲稿] 为解决气候变化等全球性问题,我们必须与各国人民携手合作。
To solve global problems like climate change,we must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and work together.
表示“与……有关”的短语:
be related to;be associated with;be involved in;be connected with
4.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等) 减少;减小;降低
①The number of residents joining weekend activities is 　　　　 the decrease,mainly due to the lack of interesting themes.
②[求助信] There has been a decrease 　　　　 40% in new members of the science club this term.Could you advise us on promoting activities
③Last month,the school canteen’s food waste decreased 　　　　 50 kg 　　　　 30 kg per day after a “Clean Plate” campaign.Teachers also reported a decrease 　　　　 students buying unhealthy snacks.Surprisingly,soda sales decreased 　　　　 40% because the school promoted water instead of sugary drinks.
5.cast vt.(cast,cast) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷;分配角色 n.(一出戏剧或一部电影的)全体演员
①Her honest explanation cast light on why she had made that mistake. 　　　　　　　
②[神态描写] Hearing the good news,she cast a bright smile on her face,with her eyes twinkling with joy.　　　　　　　
③[通知] The school drama club is casting actors for the upcoming play.Those who are interested and have acting talents are welcome to sign up.　　　　　　　
④[场景描写] The setting sun cast golden light through the theater windows,while the cast practised lines,their voices casting echoes in the empty hall.　　　　　　　
⑤[情感描写] 他们之间的误会给他们的友谊蒙上了阴影。
6.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
①[心理描写] 她在演讲前一点也不紧张,这让教室里的每个人都感到惊讶。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,which surprised everyone in the classroom.
②[申请信] 合计有2年组织校园活动的经验,我有信心竞选学生会主席。
With 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I am confident to run for the student union president.
③[演讲稿] 为了实现我们的目标,首先,我们必须保持决心;毕竟,成功从来不是轻而易举的。总而言之,正是坚持的勇气才让一切有所不同。
To achieve our goals, 　　　　　　　　,we must stay determined;　　　　　　　　,success never comes easily,and 　　　　　　　　,it is the courage to persist that makes a difference.
7.“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构
[教材原句] As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
①什么时候开会还没有决定。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
②[求助信] 您能够告诉我如何提高写作技能吗
Could you tell me 　　　　　　　　 my writing skills
③她想知道去哪里寻求帮助。
She is wondering 　　　　　　　　 for help.
④[求助信] 我不确定如何写申请书。
⑤[求助信] 我不知道该向谁求助。
在此结构中,如果用在tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,discuss等动词后面,且特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式通常用主动形式。
8.so...that...引导结果状语从句
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
①[主旨升华] 小善举力量如此巨大,以至于它们能点亮世界、让其更美好。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that they can light up the whole world and make it a better place.
②[建议信] 学校食堂午餐时间太吵,学生很难集中讨论学习计划,我建议设安静讨论区。
The school canteen is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 discussing study plans.I suggest setting up a quiet discussion zone.
③[通知] 将有一场超有意义的科学讲座,欢迎对AI感兴趣的同学去礼堂参加。
→There will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that every student interested in AI is welcome to attend in the auditorium.(such)
→There will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that every student interested in AI is welcome to attend in the auditorium.(so)
④[心理描写] I was so nervous that my hands were shaking when I stood on the stage for the first time.
→ 　　　　　　　　　　　　 that my hands were shaking when I stood on the stage for the first time.(倒装)
当so/such位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装结构。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,①until a British doctor,John Snow,showed ②how it could be overcome.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为Cholera used to be...world,①为until引导的　　　　从句,②为how引导的　　　　从句。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:同学矛盾曾造成紧张氛围,直到我们班长展示了每周班会如何和平解决问题。
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
　　　　　　　
②(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.　　　　　　　
③(2022·全国甲卷)He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.
　 　
④(2021·浙江1月卷)What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity 　　　　　　　
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
I subscribe to① an English learning magazine every month and subscribe to② the library’s usage agreement.I fully subscribe to③ green transportation and am even willing to subscribe to④ related environmental protection activities.
我每月都①　　　　英语学习杂志,还②　　　　图书馆的使用协议。对于绿色出行,我完全③　　　　,甚至愿意④　　　　相关环保活动。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·北京卷)The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the
　　　　 (purify) joy of learning.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)When women are put into positions of 　　　　 (leader) like running companies,it reduces negative stereotypes about women.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People often link their memory of what they’ve read 　　　　 how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols 　　　　 another.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the 　　　　 (multiply) ways that kids learn.
6.[主旨升华] True success isn’t just about being 　　　　 (gift);it’s about using every talent to make a difference to others.
7.[动作描写] He took an 　　　　 (steady) step forward,his hand trembling as he reached for the letter on the desk.
8.[报道] The team’s 　　　　 (fault) performance in the science competition won them first prize,setting a new school record.
9.[场景描写] The sunset 　　　　 (vivid) painted the sky in orange and red,while students laughed loudly on the playground.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 说明文—对社会有突出贡献的人物—科学家袁隆平
　　假设你是李华,请为校报的“英语园地”栏目写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家——袁隆平。
[场景演练]
1.“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平是一位杰出的农业科学家,我最崇拜他。(outstanding)
2.1930年9月7日,袁隆平出生于北京的一个普通家庭。(household)
3.从西南农学院毕业后,他被派往湖南安江农校教书。(graduate from)
4.后来,他开始研究特殊水稻。在经历了多次的失败后,1974年他终于培育出了第一种杂交水稻,极大地增加了水稻产量。(multiple)
5.袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻的研究。由于他的贡献,世界饥饿人口数量减少了很多。(devote...to...,thanks to,decrease)
6.尽管他很出名,他还是过着简朴且淡泊名利的生活。(fame)
7.他是我的榜样,他的精神将激励我继续前进。(inspire)
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用whom引导的定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第6句用as引导的倒装句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
要求:请根据P220的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
Nervous energy filled the air. Lisa stood at the school auditorium entrance, ①　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(with复合结构).Her mind went blank when she heard the host announce her name.She shifted from foot to foot, ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　 (独立主格结构),and felt butterflies in her stomach.③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (现在分词作状语),she forced herself to step forward, ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　 (even though引导让步状语从句).The audience’s eyes felt like weights,and she felt ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(强调句) her heart would jump to her mouth.⑥　
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　vt.填满;把……塞进 n.东西;物品 2.　　　　 n.(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片 3.　　　　 n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的 4.　　　　 n.脾气;火气 5.　　　　 n.无用的东西 6.　　　　 　　adv.有点;稍微 7.　　　　 n.类别;种类 8.　　　　 n.数量;数额 9.　　　　 vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎 n.咀嚼 10.　　　　 adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的 11.　　　　 adv.总体上;大致上 adj.全面的;综合的
阅 读 词 汇 1.cuisine　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.pepper n.　　　　　　　 3.recipe n.　　　　　　　 4.chef n.　　　　　　　 5.peppercorn n.　　　　　　　 6.vinegar n.　　　　　　　 7.onion n.　　　　　　　 8.lamb n.　　　　　　　 9.dim sum n.　　　　　　　 10.vegetarian n.　　　　　　　 11.garlic n.　　　　　　　 12.bacon n.　　　　　　　 13.ham n.　　　　　　　 14.sausage n.　　　　　　　 15.cabbage n.　　　　　　　 16.bean curd n. (=tofu)　　　　　　　 17.brand n.　　　　　　　 18.olive　　　　n.　　　　　　　 19.fig n.　　　　　　　 20.ingredient n.　　　　　　　 21.dessert n.　　　　　　　 22.dough n.　　　　　　　 23.haggis n.　　　　　　　 24.canteen n.　　　　　　　 25.cafeteria n.　　　　　　　 26.bun n.　　　　　　　 27.chilli n.[pl.-es] 　　　　　　　 28.pork n.　　　　　　　 29.pearl n.　　　　　　　 30.madam n.　　　　　　　 31.calorie n.　　　　　　　 32.vitamin n.　　　　　　　 33.fibre n.　　　　　　　 34.dairy adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.先前的;优先的→　　　　 n.首要事情;优先;优先权 2.　　　　 vi.存在于;在于;由……组成(或构成)→　　　　 adj.一致的;连续的→　　　　 adv.一贯地;始终如一地→　　　　 n.一致性;连贯性 3.　　　　 adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的→　　　　 adv.大胆地;勇敢地;冒失地→　　　　 n.大胆;勇敢;冒失 4.　　　　 adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→　　　　 n.优美;典雅;高雅→　　　　 adv.优美地;雅致地 5.　　　　 adj.特别的;罕见的→　　　　 vt.不包括;把……除外prep.除……之外conj.除了;只是→　　　　 n.例外;例外的事物→　　　　 adv.罕见;特别;例外地 6.　　　　 vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→　　　　 n.消费者;顾客;用户→　　　　 n.消耗;消费 7.　　　　 adj.稳定的;稳重的→　　　　 n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→　　　　 adv.稳定地;坚固 地→　　　　 adj.不稳定的;易变的→　　　　 adv.不稳定地 8.　　　　 n.协会;关联→　　　　 vt.联想;联系 vi.交往 adj.副的;联合的 n.同事;伙伴→　　　　 adj.有关联的;相关的;联合的 9.　　　　 adv.不顾;不加理会→　　　　 n.注意;尊重;问候 vt.把……视为;看待;注视→　　　　 prep.关于;至于 10.　　　　 n.适度;合理→　　　　 adj.适度的;温和的→　　　　 adv.一般地;适度;适中 11.　　　　 adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物) →　　　　 adv.合乎理想地;完美地→　　　　 n.理想主义;唯心主义→　　　　 adj.理想主义的;空想的→　　　　 vt.将……理想化;将……视为理想 12.　　　　 adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→　　　　 adv.根本上,基本上 13.　　　　 n.诀窍;计谋;把戏vt.欺骗;欺诈→　　　　 adj.难办的;难对付的;狡猾的
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　把……和……联系起来 2.　　　　　　　 在……之前的 3.　　　　　　　 由……组成(或构成) 4.　　　　　　　 用B填满A 5.　　　　　　　 切下 6.　　　　　　　 至少;最少 7.　　　　　　　　　　联系紧密;相辅相成 8.　　　　　　　 形成;构成;编造;上妆 9.　　　　　　　 不管;不顾 10.　　　　　　　 削减,缩小(尺寸、数量或数目) 11.　　　　　　　 最终成为;做完某事 12.　　　　　　　 由某人决定
重 点 句 型 1.又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。(形容词作状语) 　　　　,　　　　,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 2.因此,他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成,通常是水煮肉或烤肉,例如羊肉串。(what引导的表语从句) As a result,their traditional foods are 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　—usually boiled or roasted meat,such as lamb kebab. 3.然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物,而是糖。(there be句型) However,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food,as it is sugar. 4.无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。(regardless of引导让步状语从句) This is true 　　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
重 点 句 型 5.此外,饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。(it作形式主语) Besides this,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. 6.你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食选择,这完全取决于你自己。(It is up to sb to do sth) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
表示否定/相反意义的形容词后缀“-less”集锦:
①hope→hopeless 无望的　　　　　　　　　　 ②home→homeless 无家可归的
③care→careless 粗心的;不仔细的 ④harm→harmless 无害的
⑤use→useless 无用的;无效的 ⑥help→helpless 无助的
⑦end→endless 无休止的 ⑧taste→tasteless 无味的
⑨speech→speechless 说不出话的 ⑩power→powerless 无权的;无影响力的
meaning→meaningless 毫无意义的 count→countless 数不清的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷) It’s estimated 　　　　 the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷) There are up 　　　　 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Physical health and mental health are the 　　　　 (prior). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　 (determine) to turn her life around,Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle... 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools,it’s based on an 　　　　 (elegant) simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 6.(2024·全国甲卷) It’s more challenging to eat in 　　　　 (moderate) if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies. 7.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated 　　　　 historic events. 8.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 (ideal) a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can’t. 9.(2023·全国乙卷) It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s 　　　　 (consume) would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. 10.(2023·全国乙卷)However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost 　　　　 (miss) the sunset entirely. 11.(2023·全国甲卷) You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the 　　　　 (数量). 12.(2023·全国甲卷) Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or 　　　　 (associate).
13.(2022·全国甲卷) We can’t seem to make 　　　　 our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. 14.(2021·全国甲卷) A few minutes later,when I landed the 　　　　 (技巧),my friends beat their boards loud,shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” 15.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a 　　　　 (consist) basis. 16.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an 　　　　 (exception) museum in Shanghai. 17.(2020·江苏卷) Success depends 　　　　 (fundamental) on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.consist vi.存在于;在于;由……组成(或构成)
①[通知] The sports meeting will consist 　　　　 five events,including 100-meter race and long jump.
②[人物介绍] His smiling face was consistent 　　　　 his kind words,making everyone feel warm.
③[演讲稿] True courage does not consist 　　　　 never being afraid,but 　　　　 moving forward consistently despite fear.
④[主旨升华] 真正的善良体现在那些始终帮助他人却不求回报的人身上。
True kindness is shown by those 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 without expecting anything in return.
consist of 表示“由……组成”,其用法相当于be made up of/be composed of /be comprised of,但不用于被动语态。
2.association n.协会;关联
①The science 　　　　 believes that any discovery 　　　　 with nature should make people
　　　　 curiosity with responsibility.(associate)
②[建议信] 如果你想提高英语口语,试着多和英语说得流利的同学交流。
If you want to improve your oral English,try to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[主旨升华] 真正的幸福与财富无关,而与善良和感恩相连。
→True happiness 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but with kindness and gratitude.(associated)
→True happiness 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but with kindness and gratitude.(association)
3.recommend vt.推荐,介绍;劝告,建议
①Based on her excellent performance in class,the teacher made a strong 　　　　 (recommend) for her to join the competition.
②[建议信] The adviser 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (建议学生平衡学习) with after-class activities for a good high school experience.
③The health education teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (建议保持健康的饮食) and regular exercise routine.
①recommend后跟宾语从句或recommendation后跟同位语从句、表语从句时,从句中要用虚拟语气;
②后接宾语从句,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”的常见动词有:
4.quantity n.数量;数额
①[神态描写] Quantities of joy 　　　　 (be) shining in his eyes when he heard the good news.
②[通知] A quantity of books 　　　　 (be) waiting to be distributed in the library.Please come to collect yours this Friday.
③[动作描写] The children rushed to the playground 　　　　 quantity,laughing and chasing each other.
④[演讲稿] 让我们携手为环境保护筹集大量资金,因为地球的未来取决于我们的共同努力。
Let us join hands to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for environmental protection,as our planet’s future depends on our collective efforts.
⑤[建议信]要扩大词汇量,你应该每天学少量新单词,而不是一次性记很多。
To enlarge your vocabulary,you should learn 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 instead of memorizing many at a time.
①a quantity of或quantities of既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,表示“一些;大
量的”。
②“a quantity/an amount of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与后面的名词保持一致(名词是可数名词复数则谓语动词用复数,名词是不可数名词则谓语动词用单数)。
③“quantities/amounts of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词一律用复数(因“quantities/amounts”本身是复数形式,强调“大量”这一整体概念)。
5.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 vt.欺骗;欺诈
①[心理描写] He felt his heart sink—had they played a trick 　　　　 him,or did he really fail the exam
②[演讲稿] Life is full of 　　　　 (trick) moments,but facing them bravely teaches us more than easy success.
③[建议信] 如果你记不住英语语法规则,试试为每条规则造简单的句子这个诀窍。
If you struggle with remembering English grammar rules,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 for each rule.
④[神态描写] 他茫然地瞪着眼,意识到自己被骗着相信了谎言,脸色变得苍白。
He stared blankly,realizing he’d 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 —his face turned pale.
6.regardless of 不管;不顾
①[场景描写] 尽管夜已深,但街上很热闹,小贩们在叫卖,孩子们在欢笑。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,the street was lively with street vendors shouting and kids laughing.
②[演讲稿] 我们应该追求自己的梦想,不顾别人可能会嘲笑我们这一事实——勇气是成功的第一步。
We should pursue our dreams,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 —courage is the first step to success.
③[主旨升华] 至于生活,其目标不在于逃避挑战,而在于通过挑战变得更强大。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,its goal is not to avoid challenges,but to grow stronger through them.
7.形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
①[求助信] 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (对历史时间线感到困惑),I wonder if you can sort it out for me.
②[心理描写] She waited for the result,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (既紧张又焦虑).
③　　　　 (令人惊讶的是),our school’s robotics team won the national competition.
④[活动报道] 对学生们的创造力感到惊讶,评委将一等奖颁给了他们的科学项目。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he awarded first prize to their science project.(并列句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he awarded first prize to their science project.(结果状语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the judge awarded first prize to their science project.(形容词短语作状语)
8.it作形式主语
[教材原句] Besides this,it is also important to have some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.
此外,饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
①[演讲稿] 我们保持积极的学习态度很重要。
②[感谢信] 你帮我解答了这道难题,你真是太好了。
③[建议信] 熬夜学习是没有好处的,因为它会影响你的健康。
在“It is+adj.+of sb to do sth”句型中,形容词说明不定式逻辑主语即sb的品行、性格等,该句型通常可改为“sb+be+adj.+to do sth”,能用于该结构的形容词有:nice,good,silly,careful等。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①What this means is ②that people ③who chew too quickly end up eating too much food ④because they still feel hungry.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。主句为What this means is...,句①是由what引导的　　　　从句,what作means的宾语;句②是由that引导的　　　　从句,that不作成分,仅起引导作用;句③是由who引导的　　　　从句,修饰先行词people;句④是由because引导的　　　　　　　　从句。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:[主旨升华] 生活教会我们的是,勇敢面对困难的人会变得更强大,因为挑战能够塑造品格。
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.trick
A.n.诀窍　　　　　B.n.把戏;戏法 C.n.计谋;花招 D.n.骗局
①The clown entertained the kids with a funny trick involving balloons.　　　　
②She realized too late that the “free trial” offer was just a trick to get her credit card details.　　　
③He used a clever trick to get his little sister to finish her vegetables.　　　
④Baking perfect bread requires mastering a few simple tricks.　　　
2.bold
A.adj.勇敢的;无畏的　B.adj.鲁莽的;冒失的　C.adj.醒目的;粗体的　D.adj.果断的;大胆的
①She made a bold decision to quit her stable job and start her own business.　　　
②The logo was designed in bold letters to stand out on the packaging.　　　
③It was bold of him to criticize the boss in front of the entire team.　　　
④The soldier’s bold actions saved many lives during the mission.　　　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
As a modest① painter,he lives in a modest② cottage and has no modest ③fame.Nevertheless,he always remained modest④ when praised for his work.
作为一名①　　　　画家,他住在一间②　　　　小屋里,名气也③　　　　。然而,当人们称赞他的作品时,他始终保持着④　　　　。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while 　　　　 (consume) digital content.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)Often,they’ll end up 　　　　 (fill) the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.
3.(2023·浙江1月卷)I 　　　　 (stuff) a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside,closing the door securely behind me.
4.(2023·全国甲卷)However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several 　　　　 (trick).
5.(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an 　　　　 (elegance) atmosphere,the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots,yet still manages to add a special twist.
6.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Jenna found the bread and put two 　　　　 (slice) into the egg mixture.
7.[建议信] Mastering basic grammar is fundamental 　　　　 improving your English writing skills.
8.[求助信] I’ve been facing 　　　　 (consist) difficulties in solving math problems,so I wonder if you could offer me some guidance.
9.[邀请信] Your 　　　　 (exception) talent in music would make our school concert more wonderful,so we sincerely invite you to perform.
10.[神态描写] Her 　　　　 (modest) showed in her downcast eyes and soft smile when others praised her painting.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 推荐信—民族文化与节日传统—中国传统美食
　　假设你是李华,你校外教Cindy想请你推荐一款你喜欢的体现中国文化的传统美食,请你用英语给她回一封信。
[场景演练]
1.我想推荐饺子,它是一种经典的中国美食。(cuisine)
2.饺子由薄薄的面皮组成,面皮里包着肉片和新鲜蔬菜,有时甚至是甜馅。(consist of,stuff, slice)
3.它们外观朴素,味道却格外出众。饺子非常适合家庭团聚时食用。(modest,exceptional,ideal)
4.饺子与农历新年的关联,使其成为中国饮食文化中不可或缺的一部分。(association,fundamental)
5.吃饺子时,慢慢咀嚼能让我们感受到那份暖意,它们还能带给我们喜悦。(consume,chew)
6.吃饺子体现了我们对团圆的价值观,无论我们吃多少(饺子)。(regardless of)
7.总的来说,饺子是感受中国文化的绝佳方式。(overall)
[句式升级]
将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句和过去分词短语作定语进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
　　老房子里传出的一声巨响把她吓呆了。她顿时喉咙发紧,心脏狂跳。恐惧席卷而来——她冒出冷汗,膝盖突然发软。一阵恐慌掠过她的脊背。她吓得发抖,太害怕以至于连呼喊求救都不敢。那突如其来的惊吓几乎让她吓得要死。巨大的恐惧让她僵在原地,动弹不得。
A loud sound from the old house ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 at once and ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④　　　　　　　　　　　　—she ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 and ⑥　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　.
⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　 ran down her back.
She ⑧　　　　　　　　　　　　,too scared to even call out for help.
That sudden fright nearly ⑨　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑩　　　　　　　　　　　　 kept her rooted to the spot and she was unable to move a muscle.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.severe　　　adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 2.proof n.证据;证明;检验 3.pump n.泵;抽水机;打气筒 4. blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责 5.handle n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联 7.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低 8.solid adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体 9.cast　　　　　vt.(cast,cast) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷 10. shadow n.阴影;影子;背光处 11.pour vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) 12.concrete n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的 13.trace vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹 14.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 15.besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且;此外 16.furthermore adv.此外;再者 17.shift n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
阅 读 词 汇 1.cholera　　　　n.霍乱 2.diarrhoea (NAmE diarrhea)n.腹泻 3.dehydration n.脱水 4.germ n.微生物;细菌;病菌 5.household n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人 6.raw adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 7.substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 8.statistic n.[pl.-s] 统计数字;统计资料;统计学 9.epidemiology n.流行病学 10.microscope n.显微镜 11.protein n.蛋白质 12.cell　　　　n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房 13.virus n.病毒 14.vaccine n.疫苗 15.framework n.框架;结构 16.rainbow n.彩虹 17.plasma n.血浆 18.aerospace n.航空航天工业 19.patriotic adj.爱国的 20.aviation n.航空制造业;航空;飞行 21.jet n.喷气式飞机 22.missile n.导弹 23.abstract adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.(文献等的)摘要 24.concept n.概念;观念
拓 展 词 汇 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→ frustrate vt.使沮丧;使懊恼;挫败→ frustration n.懊恼;沮丧;挫败→ frustrating adj.令人懊恼的;使人沮丧的 2.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→contradict vt.反驳;相矛盾;相反→ contradiction n.矛盾;对立;反驳 3.infect vt.使感染;传染→ infection n.感染;传染→ infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有传染力的→ infected adj.受(有害细菌、病毒等)感染的 4.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)→ subscription n.订阅;定期服务费;订购→ subscriber n.订阅人;用户 5.multiple adj.数量多的;多种多样的→ multiply vt.乘;大量增加;繁殖 6.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象→ suspicion n.怀疑;嫌疑→ suspicious adj.怀疑的;不信任的 7.intervention n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干预;介入;出面;插嘴;阻挠 8. pure adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ purely adv.仅仅;完全→ purify vt.净化 9.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ transformation n.(彻底的)变化,改观,转变,改革→ transformative adj.有改革能力的 10.thinking n.思想;思维;见解→ think v.思考;认为→ thought n.想法;思想 11.finding n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→ find vt.发现;找到→ finder n.发现者 12. initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→ initially adv.起初;开始→ initiate vt.开始;发起;创始 13.mechanic n.机械师;机械修理工→ mechanical adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的 14. defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ defence n.保卫;保护;防御→ defender n.守卫者;保护人→ defensive adj.自卫的;防御的 15. assistant n.助理;助手→ assist v.帮助;协助;援助→ assistance n.帮助;援助;支持 16.leadership n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→ lead vt.领导;引导→ leader n.领导者;首领 17.gifted adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ gift n.天赋;礼物;赠品 18. steady adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ steadily adv.稳定地;稳步地→ steadiness n.稳定;稳固→unsteady adj.站不稳的;摇晃的→ unsteadily adv.不稳定地 19.astronomer n.天文学家→ astronomy n.天文学 20.fault n.弱点;过错→ faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的→ faultless adj.没有错误的;无缺点的→ faultlessly adv.无缺点地 21.vivid adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的;逼真的→ vividly adv.清晰地;鲜明地→ vividness n.逼真
重 点 词 块 1.attend to　　　　关怀;照料;处理 2.once and for all 最终地;彻底地 3.in general 总的来说;通常 4.subscribe to 同意;赞同 5.suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做了)某事 6.be to blame 应受责备;对……负有责任 7.thanks to 幸亏;由于 8.break out　　　　　　(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发 9.in charge of 主管;掌管 e down with 患(病);染上(小病) 11.above all 最重要的是;尤其是 12.in time 及时;迟早 13.be likely to do sth 可能做某事
重 点 句 型 1.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。(“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构) As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 2.他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。(so...that...引导结果状语从句) He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 3.该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。(It seemed that句型;have sth done结构) It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 4.与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比,饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。(be likely to) The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 5.此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。(the way+定语从句) Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
动词、名词变形容词的后缀“-ous”集锦:
①infect→infectious感染的;传染性的;有传染力的　　　②danger→dangerous危险的
③fame→famous有名的 ④courage→courageous勇敢的
⑤anxiety→anxious焦虑的;担忧的 ⑥fury→furious狂怒的;激烈的
⑦glory→glorious荣耀的;辉煌的 ⑧envy→envious嫉妒的
⑨humor→humorous幽默的 ⑩nerve→nervous紧张的;神经的
vary→various各种各样的 poison→poisonous有毒的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease (降低) in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)They purify (pure) the environment. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteers are also more likely to look (look) after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I forced a smile,unsure how to respond further(如何进一步回答). 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) A few minutes spent casting (投射) your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 9.(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof (证据) concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. 10.(2024·北京卷)When something is contradictory (contradict) to their view,they don’t treat it as exceptional.
11.(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants (assistant) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new. 13.(2023·全国乙卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world,helping her skyrocket from an elected member of the national team to the top of the sport. 14.(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults (fault) in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems. 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷) I bit back my frustration (frustrate).I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. 16.(2021·全国乙卷)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 17.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts(gift) and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
①I suspect that the suspicious behavior of the suspect has caused widespread suspicion among the neighbours.(suspect)
②[建议信] I suggest that the library enforce stricter rules,as we suspect some students of damaging (我们怀疑一些学生损坏了) the newly-purchased books.
③[申请信] My commitment to the environment is above/beyond suspicion (无可置疑),as proven by my three-year volunteer work in community green projects.
④[神态描写] Mom frowned, a shadow of suspicion crossing her face (脸上掠过一丝怀疑) as she noticed the half-eaten cake and my coffee-spilled shirt.
英语中常见的“动词+sb+of sth”结构还有:
①accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事　②convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
③inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 ④remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
⑤rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物 ⑥warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
⑦cure sb of sth 治愈某人某种疾病 ⑧rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事
2.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
①[动作描写] She slammed the door,blaming her brother for leaking her secret to their parents.
②[演讲稿] We teenagers often blame our mistakes on parents or teachers,but true growth starts from taking responsibility.
③[投诉信] The students who chatted loudly should be to blame for the noisy environment (应对嘈杂环境负责) in the library.
④[主旨升华] 生活中,真正的成熟不在于从不犯错,而在于敢于承担责任——责备他人只会让我们停滞不前。
In life,true maturity lies not in never making mistakes,but in daring to take/shoulder/bear the blame—blaming others only keeps us stuck.
短语be to blame中的blame不能用被动形式,该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
3.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
①[建议信] 规律锻炼与身体健康之间有明显联系,你应该试着加入校体育社团。
There is a clear link between regular exercise and physical health—you should try joining the school sports club.
②[求助信] 我无法将英语习语与文化背景联系起来,您能推荐一些相关阅读材料吗
I can’t link English idioms with/to their cultural backgrounds.Could you recommend some relevant reading materials
③[演讲稿] 为解决气候变化等全球性问题,我们必须与各国人民携手合作。
To solve global problems like climate change,we must link up with people from different countries and work together.
表示“与……有关”的短语:
be related to;be associated with;be involved in;be connected with
4.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等) 减少;减小;降低
①The number of residents joining weekend activities is on the decrease,mainly due to the lack of interesting themes.
②[求助信] There has been a decrease of 40% in new members of the science club this term.
Could you advise us on promoting activities
③Last month,the school canteen’s food waste decreased from 50 kg to 30 kg per day after a “Clean Plate” campaign.Teachers also reported a decrease in students buying unhealthy snacks.Surprisingly,soda sales decreased by 40% because the school promoted water instead of sugary drinks.
5.cast vt.(cast,cast) 投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷;分配角色 n.(一出戏剧或一部电影的)全体演员
①Her honest explanation cast light on why she had made that mistake. 揭示
②[神态描写] Hearing the good news,she cast a bright smile on her face,with her eyes twinkling with joy.脸上绽放出灿烂的笑容
③[通知] The school drama club is casting actors for the upcoming play.Those who are interested and have acting talents are welcome to sign up.挑选演员
④[场景描写] The setting sun cast golden light through the theater windows,while the cast practised lines,their voices casting echoes in the empty hall.投射金光
⑤[情感描写] 他们之间的误会给他们的友谊蒙上了阴影。
The misunderstanding between them cast a shadow on/over their friendship.
6.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
①[心理描写] 她在演讲前一点也不紧张,这让教室里的每个人都感到惊讶。
She wasn’t nervous at all before the speech,which surprised everyone in the classroom.
②[申请信] 合计有2年组织校园活动的经验,我有信心竞选学生会主席。
With 2 years of experience in organising campus activities in all,I am confident to run for the student union president.
③[演讲稿] 为了实现我们的目标,首先,我们必须保持决心;毕竟,成功从来不是轻而易举的。总而言之,正是坚持的勇气才让一切有所不同。
To achieve our goals, first of all,we must stay determined;after all,success never comes easily,and all in all,it is the courage to persist that makes a difference.
7.“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构
[教材原句] As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
①什么时候开会还没有决定。
When to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
②[求助信] 您能够告诉我如何提高写作技能吗
Could you tell me how to improve my writing skills
③她想知道去哪里寻求帮助。
She is wondering where to ask for help.
④[求助信] 我不确定如何写申请书。
I am not sure how to write an application.
⑤[求助信] 我不知道该向谁求助。
I don’t know whom to turn to for help.
在此结构中,如果用在tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,discuss等动词后面,且特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式通常用主动形式。
8.so...that...引导结果状语从句
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天内就有500多人死亡。
①[主旨升华] 小善举力量如此巨大,以至于它们能点亮世界、让其更美好。
Small acts of kindness are so powerful that they can light up the whole world and make it a better place.
②[建议信] 学校食堂午餐时间太吵,学生很难集中讨论学习计划,我建议设安静讨论区。
The school canteen is so noisy at lunchtime that students can hardly focus on discussing study plans.I suggest setting up a quiet discussion zone.
③[通知] 将有一场超有意义的科学讲座,欢迎对AI感兴趣的同学去礼堂参加。
→There will be such a meaningful science lecture that every student interested in AI is welcome to attend in the auditorium.(such)
→There will be so meaningful a science lecture that every student interested in AI is welcome to attend in the auditorium.(so)
④[心理描写] I was so nervous that my hands were shaking when I stood on the stage for the first time.
→ So nervous was I that my hands were shaking when I stood on the stage for the first time.
(倒装)
当so/such位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装结构。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,①until a British doctor,John Snow,showed ②how it could be overcome.
尝试分析:本句为主从复合句。主句为Cholera used to be...world,①为until引导的时间状语从句,②为how引导的宾语从句。
自主翻译:在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
情境仿写:同学矛盾曾造成紧张氛围,直到我们班长展示了每周班会如何和平解决问题。
Classmate conflicts used to create a tense atmosphere,until our monitor showed how weekly class meetings could help resolve issues peacefully.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.n.变化;
变动
②(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.vt.使用;操作
③(2022·全国甲卷)He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.vt.倒;倾倒
④(2021·浙江1月卷)What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity n.减少
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
I subscribe to① an English learning magazine every month and subscribe to② the library’s usage agreement.I fully subscribe to③ green transportation and am even willing to subscribe to④ related environmental protection activities.
我每月都①订阅英语学习杂志,还②签署图书馆的使用协议。对于绿色出行,我完全③同意;认同 ,甚至愿意④捐助相关环保活动。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·北京卷)The feeling of success was no longer attached to what grade I received but to the pure (purify) joy of learning.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)When women are put into positions of leadership (leader) like running companies,it reduces negative stereotypes about women.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple (multiply) ways that kids learn.
6.[主旨升华] True success isn’t just about being gifted (gift);it’s about using every talent to make a difference to others.
7.[动作描写] He took an unsteady (steady) step forward,his hand trembling as he reached for the letter on the desk.
8.[报道] The team’s faultless (fault) performance in the science competition won them first prize,setting a new school record.
9.[场景描写] The sunset vividly (vivid) painted the sky in orange and red,while students laughed loudly on the playground.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 说明文—对社会有突出贡献的人物—科学家袁隆平
　　假设你是李华,请为校报的“英语园地”栏目写一篇英语短文,介绍你最崇拜的中国科学家——袁隆平。
[场景演练]
1.“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平是一位杰出的农业科学家,我最崇拜他。(outstanding)
Yuan Longping,known as the “father of hybrid rice”,was an outstanding agricultural scientist and I admire him most.
2.1930年9月7日,袁隆平出生于北京的一个普通家庭。(household)
Yuan Longping was born into an ordinary household on September 7,1930,in Beijing.
3.从西南农学院毕业后,他被派往湖南安江农校教书。(graduate from)
After he graduated from Southwest Agricultural College,he was sent to work as a teacher at Anjiang Agricultural School in Hunan Province.
4.后来,他开始研究特殊水稻。在经历了多次的失败后,1974年他终于培育出了第一种杂交水稻,极大地增加了水稻产量。(multiple)
Later on,he started a study about special rice and after multiple failures,he finally developed the first hybrid rice in 1974,which greatly increased rice output.
5.袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻的研究。由于他的贡献,世界饥饿人口数量减少了很多。(devote...to...,thanks to,decrease)
Yuan Longping devoted himself to the study of hybrid rice and thanks to his contributions,the number of people suffering from hunger in the world has decreased a lot.
6.尽管他很出名,他还是过着简朴且淡泊名利的生活。(fame)
Although he was famous,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.
7.他是我的榜样,他的精神将激励我继续前进。(inspire)
He sets an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用whom引导的定语从句进行改写升级。
Yuan Longping,known as the “father of hybrid rice”,was an outstanding agricultural scientist whom I admire most.
2.将第6句用as引导的倒装句进行改写升级。
Famous as he was,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.
[连句成篇]
Yuan Longping,known as the “father of hybrid rice”,was an outstanding agricultural scientist whom I admire most.
He was born into an ordinary household on September 7,1930 in Beijing.After he graduated from Southwest Agricultural College,he was sent to work as a teacher at Anjiang Agricultural School in Hunan Province.Later on,he started a study about special rice and after multiple failures,he finally developed the first hybrid rice in 1974,which greatly increased rice output.Yuan Longping devoted himself to the study of hybrid rice and thanks to his contributions,the number of people suffering from hunger in the world has decreased a lot.
Famous as he was,he led a simple life and cared little for money and fame.He sets an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward.
要求:请根据P165的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
Nervous energy filled the air. Lisa stood at the school auditorium entrance, ①with her heart racing and hands sweating (with复合结构).Her mind went blank when she heard the host announce her name.She shifted from foot to foot, ②breathing becoming shallow (独立主格结构),and felt butterflies in her stomach.③Trembling with nervousness (现在分词作状语),she forced herself to step forward, ④even though each step made her more tense (even though引导让步状语从句).The audience’s eyes felt like weights,and she felt ⑤it was any second that(强调句) her heart would jump to her mouth.⑥Yet a quick glance at the crowd steadied her—just enough to begin.Then,taking a deep breath,she let the melody carry her away,her voice growing stronger with each passing note.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　prep.& adv.在……底下;隐藏在下面 2.　　　　 vt.& vi.吞下;咽下 3.　　　　 vt.包、裹;(用手臂等)围住 4.　　　　 adj.年纪较大的;上了年纪的(婉辞) 5.　　　　 vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁 n.延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 6.　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没 7.　　　　 vt.扭伤(关节) n.扭伤 8.　　　　　　vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊;大声叫 n.尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音 9.　　　　 adj.同类的;同事的;同伴的;同情况的 n.男人;家伙;同事;同辈;同类 10.　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽 11.　　　　 vt.(用手掌)打、拍 n.(用手掌)打、拍;拍击声 12.　　　　 n.拳;拳头 13.　　　　 vt.抓住;攫取 n.抓取;抢夺 14.　　　　 vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
阅 读 词 汇 1.leaflet　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.toxin n.　　　　　　　 3.ray n.　　　　　　　 4.radiation n.　　　　　　　 5.acid n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 6.millimetre n.　　　　　　　 7.layer n.　　　　　　　 8.victim n.　　　　　　　 9.blister n.　　　　　　　 10.fabric n.　　　　　　　 11.paramedic n.　　　　　　　 12.bathtub n.　　　　　　　 13.mosquito　　n.(pl.-oes,-os) 　　　　　　　 14.carpet n.　　　　　　　 15.ambulance n.　　　　　　　 16.needle n.　　　　　　　 17.ward n.　　　　　　　 18.ankle n.　　　　　　　 19.steak n.　　　　　　　 20.throat n.　　　　　　　 21.obstruction n.　　　　　　　 22.welfare n.　　　　　　　 23.manual n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 24.suburb n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 n.技能;技术;技艺→　　　　 adj.技术的;技艺的;专业的→　　　　 adv.在技术上;在专业上;严格按照事实地→　　　　 n.技术员;技师;(艺术、体育等的)有技巧者,技艺精湛者→　　　　 n.技术;工艺;工艺技术→　　　　 adj.技术的;工艺的;工艺技术的→　　　　 n.技术专家;工艺师 2.　　　　 n.(人或动植物的)器官→　　　　 adj.器官的;有机的;有机物的→　　　　 n.生物;有机体;(尤指)微生物→　　　　 n.组织;机构;团体→　　　　 vt.组织;安排;筹备 3.　　　　 adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→　　　　 n.少数;少数人;未成年→　　　　 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的 n.最小值;最少量 4.　　　　 adj.电的;用电的;电动的→　　　　 adj.电的;用电的;发电的→　　　　 n.电;电能 5.　　　　 vi.(swelled,swollen) 膨胀;肿胀→　　　　 n.膨胀;肿胀;肿胀处→　　　　 adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的 6.　　　　 n.神经→　　　　 adj.焦虑的;担忧的;神经系统的→　　　　 adv.紧张地→　　　　 n.焦虑 7.　　　　 adj.松的;未系紧的;宽松的→　　　　 vt.& vi.(使)放松;解开;松散→　　　　 adv.宽松地;松散地 8.　　　　 adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→　　　　 n.紧急;紧迫;紧迫性→　　　　 adv.急切地;紧急地 9.　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在→　　　　 adj.容易的;不费力的;舒适的→　　　　 adv.容易地;轻易地;无疑→　　　　 adj.不安的;焦虑的 10.　　　　 n.洗澡 vt.给……洗澡→ 　　　　 vt.用水清洗(尤指身体部位) 11.　　　　 vi.滑倒;滑落;溜走 n.滑倒;小错误; 纸条→　　　　 adj.滑的;靠不住的→　　　　 n.拖鞋 12.　　　　 n.电话接线员;操作员→　　　　 vi.& vt.操作;(使)运转;经营;动手术→　　　　 n.操作;运转;经营;手术 13.　　　　 vi.(bled,bled) 流血;失血→　　　　 n.流血;失血→　　　　 n.血;血统→　　　　 adj.流血的;血腥的;残暴的 14.　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐;恐慌→　　　　 adj.惊慌的;焦虑不安的 15.　　　　 vi.& vt.打断;打扰 vt.使暂停;使中断→　　　　 n.中断;障碍物 16.　　　　 n.(尤指餐馆的)就餐者→　　　　 vi.& vt.进餐;用饭→　　　　 n.进餐;用饭 17.　　　　 adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的→　　　　 adv.(因绝望而)不惜冒险地;不顾一切地,拼命地;非常地→　　　　 n.绝望;拼命;铤而走险 18.　　　　 adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→　　　　 adv.实际地;几乎;实事求是地→　　　　 adj.不现实的 19.　　　　 adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地→　　　　 adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地→　　　　 n.紧密;坚固;紧张→　　　　 vt.(使)变紧;加强 20.　　　　 n.运动;移动→　　　　 adj.静止的;一动不动的→　　　　 adj.发动的;导致运动的 n.动机;目的 21.　　　　 vt.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由→　　　　 n.正当理由;辩护;证明→　　　　 adj.(做某事)有正当理由的;合乎情理的→　　　　 adj.不公正的;不正当的;不必要的 22.　　　　 adj.有雾的→　　　　 n.雾;迷惑不解 vt.(使)雾气笼罩;使困惑 23.　　　　 n.会员身份;全体会员;会员人数→　　　　 n.成员;会员;分子
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　充当;担当 2.　　　　　　　 触觉 3.　　　　　　　 各种各样的;不同的 4.　　　　　　 把……分成…… 5.　　　　　　　 触电;电击 6.　　　　　　　　　受……折磨/之苦; 患……病 7.　　　　　　　 帮助某人站起身来 8.　　　　　　　 面朝上(朝下) 9.　　　　　　　 迟起;睡过头;睡懒觉 10.　　　　　　　 健康状况不好;变形;走样
重 点 句 型 1.可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。(as引导非限制性定语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 2.根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。[现在分词(短语)作伴随状语] Burns are divided into three types,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立刻送往医院。(there is a need to do sth) If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐,这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。(have sth done) Chen Wei,a high school student in Beijing,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when he heard someone screaming from another table.
变动词的后缀“-ify”集锦:
①just→justify 证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由 ②pure→purify 净化;提纯
③intense→intensify (使)加强,增强,加剧 ④class→classify 分类;归类
⑤solid→solidify (使)凝固;巩固 ⑥beauty→beautify 美化;使更美丽
⑦simple→simplify 使简化;使简易 ⑧identity→identify 辨认;认出
⑨note→notify (正式)通报,通知
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was 　　　　 (technical) made from garbage. 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)If the information you’re communicating isn’t 　　　　 (紧急的),consider sending an email. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷)With his heart in his mouth,Kevin 　　　　 (抓住) Mrs. Hill’s home phone and called the police. 4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering 　　　　 (technique) are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm,my flight 　　　　 (delay) by an hour and a half. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since 1982,　　　　 (member) in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Bring 　　　　 (layer) for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to 　　　　 (减轻;缓解) pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)She stopped to help her 　　　　 (同伴的) runner,Danielle Lenoue.
10.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. 11.(2023·浙江1月卷)It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟),　　　　 (desperate) trying to escape. 12.(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,　　　　 (wrap) them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). 13.(2023·全国甲卷)Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time 　　　　 (organ) activities... 14.(2022·浙江1月卷)When my teammate and I met to discuss our project,I was 　　　　(easy). 15.(2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing 　　　　 (minor) of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 16.(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway 　　　　 (operate) save billions of euros each year 17.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)He said he became just as 　　　　 (nerve) as those playing instruments on stage. 18.(2021·浙江1月卷)Any small 　　　　 (interrupt)—a price check,a chatty customer—can have downstream effects,holding up an entire line. 19.(2021·全国乙卷)　　　　 (practical) everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在
①After taking a deep breath to 　　　　 her 　　　　 feelings,she found that solving the problem was much 　　　　 than she had thought,and she completed it 　　　　.(ease)
②[心理描写] He felt uneasy 　　　　 lying to his parents,even though he thought it was for their own good.
③[心理描写] Her mind was 　　　　 ease when seeing her lost cat return.
④[申请信] I can speak English 　　　　 ease,which helps me communicate with others.So I hope to join the exchange program.
⑤[神态描写] 老师温暖的笑容让这位新同学放松下来。
The teacher’s warm smile 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑥[建议信] 为了减轻考试压力,我建议学习后散散步。我认为这是个简单的放松方法。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I suggest taking a short walk after studying,which I think is 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.delay vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁 n.延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟
①[场景描写] A delay 　　　　 the train’s arrival left the platform crowded with impatient passengers.
②[演讲稿] Opportunities don’t wait—don’t delay 　　　　 (chase) your dreams,or you’ll regret it.
③[建议信] 如果你在这份计划中发现错误,要立刻改正。现在的小修正能避免以后的大麻烦。
If you find mistakes in the plan,correct them 　　　　　　　　.Small fixes now can avoid big problems later.
表示“推迟”的短语还有hold up,set back等。
3.drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
①[动作描写] She drowned her face 　　　　 cold water to calm down the burning anger.
②[演讲稿] Let’s drown 　　　　 (us) in the pursuit of dreams,for only persistence can make them come true.
③[场景描写] The sudden thunder drowned 　　　　 the teacher’s words,making the whole class jump.
④[心理描写] 比赛失利后,她沉浸在悲伤中,好几天吃不下、睡不着。
After failing the competition,　　　　　　　　　　　　,unable to eat or sleep for days.
4.panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐;恐慌
①[演讲稿] Dear classmates,don’t panic 　　　　 failures—they are just stepping stones to success.
②[神态描写] With 　　　　 (panic) eyes darting around the room,she looked as if she was searching for a way to escape the awkward situation.
③[心理描写] 我的脑子一片空白,我处在恐慌中,心想自己怎么会忘了练了那么久的台词。
My mind went blank,and 　　　　　　　　　　　　,wondering how I could have forgotten the lines I’d practiced so long.
④[动作描写] 他慌了神,冲向响铃的电话时撞翻了椅子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,knocking over his chair as he rushed to the ringing phone.
动词panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked,现在分词是panicking。
5.desperate adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的
①In the face of the approaching flood,the 　　　　 villagers,driven by 　　　　,　　　　 tried to move the elderly and children to higher ground.(desperate)
②[场景描写] The thirsty plants in the garden were desperate 　　　　 rain after weeks of hot weather.
③[演讲稿] Don’t make choices 　　　　 desperation—take a deep breath and think twice before acting.
④[申请信] 我渴望成为一名志愿者,我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(状语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(形容词短语作状语)
表示“渴望”的短语还有be eager for,be hungry for,be thirsty for,be dying for,long for等。
6.help sb to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来
①[新闻报道] When the old man fell on the street,a young volunteer quickly ran over 　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　 (扶他站了起来).
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (让我们站起来) and cheer for the athletes who tried their best in the competition!
③[动作描写] 看到主人开门,狗一下子跳起来,疯狂地摇着尾巴。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when it saw its owner opening the door,wagging its tail wildly.
④[神态描写] 和弟弟争论时,她生气地跺着脚,脸涨得通红。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,her face turning red as she argued with her little brother.
7.out of shape 健康状况不好;变形;走样
①[演讲稿] Kindness can appear 　　　　 the shape of a smile,a helping hand,or a few encouraging words.
②[动作描写] She folded the paper carefully,and soon it was shaped 　　　　 a little bird.
③[申请信] I believe this volunteer program will help shape me 　　　　 a more responsible person.
④[建议信] Doing morning exercises every day will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (帮你保持体形) and stay energetic.
⑤After months of skipping the gym,I’m so 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (健康状况不好) that climbing two flights of stairs leaves me breathless.
“out of+n.”结构的表达还有:out of control 失控;out of sight 看不见;out of work 失业;out of pity 出于同情;out of curiosity 出于好奇;out of love 基于爱。
8.as引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句] As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。
①[主旨升华] 众所周知,小小的善举能带来巨大影响。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
②[建议信] 正如被报道的那样,规律锻炼有助于改善身心健康。因此我建议你加入学校体育俱乐部。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,regular exercise helps improve both physical and mental health.So I suggest you join the school sports club.
9.现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
[教材原句] Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
①[神态描写] 小男孩捧着奖杯,站得笔直,激动得脸都红了。
The little boy held the trophy,　　　　　　,his face turning red with excitement.
②[活动报道] 学生们在公园里种树,有说有笑,让这项活动充满了欢乐。
The students planted trees in the park,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[心理描写] 被大家注视着,她突然变得紧张起来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she suddenly became nervous.
④[倡议信] 为了构建一个更美好的世界,每个人都应该行动起来,传递善意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,everyone should act,spreading kindness.
①表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况,通常用现在分词或过去分词。若句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词;若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,用过去分词或现在分词的被动式(being done)。
②表示目的,通常用动词不定式。表目的的不定式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之后,且常用于in order to,so as to结构,有时为了强调,可将不定式短语放在句首。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Instead,①lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body,and then ②give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
尝试分析:这是一个　　　　复合句。由“and then”连接两个　　　　句:句①和句②。句①中“with the head lower than the rest of his body”是with复合结构作　　　　状语;句②中“until he can breathe again” 是时间状语从句,说明“give firm slaps”的持续时间。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:[动作描写] 消防员抱着孩子冲出着火的房子,用外套盖住孩子,然后快速跑,直到他们到达一个安全的地方。
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.swallow
A.vt.掩饰;抑制　　　B.vt.& vi.吞下;咽下
C.vt.吞没;淹没;侵吞 D.vt.相信;信以为真
①She swallowed the pill with a sip of water.　　　
②The flood swallowed the small village in just a few hours.　　　
③He tried to swallow his anger when he heard the unfair criticism.　　　
④It’s hard to swallow the idea that such a kind person could be guilty.　　　
2.desperate
A.adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的　B.adj.非常需要的
C.adj.不顾一切的;拼命的
①She’s desperate for a glass of water after running the marathon.　　　
②After months of failing to find a job,he felt increasingly desperate.　　　
③In the story,the hero takes desperate action to save his trapped friend.　　　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
She slipped① on the wet floor,and the slip② of paper in her hand fell out.She tried to slip③ it back into her pocket quickly,but a little slip④ in her action made it fall again,and she had to watch it slip⑤ under the sofa.
她在湿滑的地板上①　　　　了,手里的②　　　　掉了出来。她想赶紧把它③　　　　回口袋,可动作上的一点小④　　　　又让它掉了下来,她只能眼睁睁看着它⑤　　　　到沙发底下。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Liquid ammonia is 　　　　 (ease) to keep and transport,but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a 　　　　 (practice) roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
3.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　 it turned out,Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.
4.(2021·全国乙卷)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement 　　　　 (operate).
5.That way,you will avoid potential time delays 　　　　 getting to your classes.
6.[场景描写] The garden is lovely to 　　　　 (bath) in sunlight before the rain comes,painting the flowers in bright colors.
7.[情景描写] The cat lay 　　　　 (motion) on the windowsill before the rain stopped,watching drops fall patiently.
8.[动作描写] She tried to 　　　　 (loose) her tense nerves before the speech.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 记叙文—安全常识—急救故事
假设你是李华,你的同学汤姆在早晨锻炼时扭伤了脚踝,汤姆的队友约翰对他实施了急救。请你根据以下要点,给校英语报写一篇题为A Timely First Aid的文章来记录这个故事。
[场景演练]
1.今天早上,我的同学汤姆跑步时扭伤了脚踝,这让他疼得尖叫起来。(sprain,scream)
2.他的队友们处于慌乱中,不知道该如何应对。(fellow,panic)
3.这时,学过急救的约翰立刻上前帮忙。(without delay)
4.他先抓住汤姆的胳膊,帮助他坐在长椅上。(grab)
5.接着,他轻轻跪下,用毛巾裹住汤姆肿胀的脚踝。(wrap,swollen)
6.“勇敢面对——恰当的处理能减轻疼痛,”他一边说,一边运用着实用的技巧。(face up,practical)
7.在约翰及时的帮助下,汤姆很快就康复了。
8.他的行为表明,在这类紧急情况下,各种急救技能确实能发挥重要作用。(a variety of,desperate)
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用which引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第2句用现在分词作结果状语进行改写升级。
3.将第4句用现在分词作伴随状语进行改写升级。
4.将第7句用强调句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
embarrassed 尴尬的 awkward 尴尬的 ashamed 羞愧的 guilty 内疚的 shame 羞愧 embarrassment 尴尬 face burning 脸发热 尴尬、 羞愧 hang one’s head 低下头 smile awkwardly 尴尬地微笑着 a guilty look 惭愧的神情 drop one’s eyes 垂下眼睛 stare at one’s feet 盯着某人的脚 shift from foot to foot 不安地换脚站 be overwhelmed by embarrassment/shame 被尴尬/羞愧淹没 tremble with embarrassment 因尴尬而颤抖
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.stuff 　　　　vt.填满;把……塞进 n.东西;物品 2.slice n.(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片 3.minimum n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的 4.temper n.脾气;火气 5. junk n.无用的东西 6.somewhat 　　adv.有点;稍微 7.category n.类别;种类 8.quantity n.数量;数额 9.chew vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎 n.咀嚼 10.modest adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的 11.overall adv.总体上;大致上 adj.全面的;综合的
阅 读 词 汇 1.cuisine　　　n.菜肴;风味;烹饪 2.pepper n.甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉 3.recipe n.烹饪法;食谱 4.chef n.厨师;主厨 5.peppercorn n.胡椒粒 6.vinegar n.醋 7.onion n.洋葱;葱头 8.lamb n.羊羔肉;羔羊 9.dim sum n.点心(中国食品) 10.vegetarian n.素食者 11.garlic n.蒜 12.bacon n.熏猪肉;咸肉 13.ham n.火腿 14.sausage n.香肠;腊肠 15.cabbage n.甘蓝;卷心菜;洋白菜 16.bean curd n. (=tofu)豆腐 17.brand n.品牌 18.olive n.油橄榄;橄榄树 19.fig　　　　n.无花果 20.ingredient n.(尤指烹饪)材料;成分 21.dessert n.(饭后)甜点 22.dough n.生面团 23.haggis n.(苏格兰)羊杂碎肚 24.canteen n.食堂;餐厅 25.cafeteria n.自助餐厅;自助食堂 26.bun n.圆面包;小圆甜饼 27.chilli n.[pl.-es] 辣椒 28.pork n.猪肉 29.pearl n.珍珠 30.madam n.夫人;女士 31.calorie n.卡路里(热量单位) 32.vitamin n.维生素 33.fibre n.纤维;纤维制品 34.dairy adj.奶制的;乳品(业)的 n.乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
拓 展 词 汇 1.prior adj.先前的;优先的→priority n.首要事情;优先;优先权 2.consist vi.存在于;在于;由……组成(或构成)→consistent adj.一致的;连续的→consistently adv.一贯地;始终如一地→consistency n.一致性;连贯性 3.bold adj.大胆自信的;敢于冒险的→boldly adv.大胆地;勇敢地;冒失地→boldness n.大胆;勇敢;冒失 4.elegant adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→elegance n.优美;典雅;高雅→elegantly adv.优美地;雅致地 5.exceptional adj.特别的;罕见的→except vt.不包括;把……除外prep.除……之外conj.除了;只是→exception n.例外;例外的事物→exceptionally adv.罕见;特别;例外地 6.consume vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→consumer n.消费者;顾客;用户→consumption n.消耗;消费
拓 展 词 汇 7.stable adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stably adv.稳定地;坚固地→unstable adj.不稳定的;易变的→unstably adv.不稳定地 8.association n.协会;关联→associate vt.联想;联系 vi.交往 adj.副的;联合的 n.同事;伙伴→associated adj.有关联的;相关的;联合的 9.regardless adv.不顾;不加理会→regard n.注意;尊重;问候 vt.把……视为;看待;注视→regarding prep.关于;至于 10.moderation n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;温和的→moderately adv.一般地;适度;适中 11.ideal adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物) →ideally adv.合乎理想地;完美地→idealism n.理想主义;唯心主义→idealistic adj.理想主义的;空想的→idealize vt.将……理想化;将……视为理想 12.fundamental adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→fundamentally adv.根本上,基本上 13.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏vt.欺骗;欺诈→tricky adj.难办的;难对付的;狡猾的
重 点 词 块 1.relate...to...　　　把……和……联系起来 2.prior to 在……之前的 3.consist of 由……组成(或构成) 4.stuff A with B 用B填满A 5.slice...off 切下 6.at a minimum 至少;最少 7.go hand in hand　　联系紧密;相辅相成 8.make up 形成;构成;编造;上妆 9.regardless of 不管;不顾 10.cut down (on) 削减,缩小(尺寸、数量或数目) 11.end up doing sth 最终成为;做完某事 12.be up to sb 由某人决定
重 点 句 型 1.又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。(形容词作状语) Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 2.因此,他们的传统食物在篝火上烹制而成,通常是水煮肉或烤肉,例如羊肉串。(what引导的表语从句) As a result,their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat,such as lamb kebab. 3.然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物,而是糖。(there be句型) However,there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food,as it is sugar. 4.无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。(regardless of引导让步状语从句) This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 5.此外,饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。(it作形式主语) Besides this,it is also important to have some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. 6.你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食选择,这完全取决于你自己。(It is up to sb to do sth) It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
表示否定/相反意义的形容词后缀“-less”集锦:
①hope→hopeless 无望的　　　　　　　　　　 ②home→homeless 无家可归的
③care→careless 粗心的;不仔细的 ④harm→harmless 无害的
⑤use→useless 无用的;无效的 ⑥help→helpless 无助的
⑦end→endless 无休止的 ⑧taste→tasteless 无味的
⑨speech→speechless 说不出话的 ⑩power→powerless 无权的;无影响力的
meaning→meaningless 毫无意义的 count→countless 数不清的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷) It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Physical health and mental health are the priority (prior). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Determined (determine) to turn her life around,Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle... 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools,it’s based on an elegantly (elegant) simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 6.(2024·全国甲卷) It’s more challenging to eat in moderation (moderate) if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies. 7.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events. 8.(2023·全国乙卷)Ideally (ideal) a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can’t. 9.(2023·全国乙卷) It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers (consume) would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. 10.(2023·全国乙卷)However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing (miss) the sunset entirely. 11.(2023·全国甲卷) You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity (数量). 12.(2023·全国甲卷) Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or associations (associate). 13.(2022·全国甲卷) We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. 14.(2021·全国甲卷) A few minutes later,when I landed the trick (技巧),my friends beat their boards loud,shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” 15.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent (consist) basis. 16.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional (exception) museum in Shanghai. 17.(2020·江苏卷) Success depends fundamentally (fundamental) on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.consist vi.存在于;在于;由……组成(或构成)
①[通知] The sports meeting will consist of five events,including 100-meter race and long jump.
②[人物介绍] His smiling face was consistent with his kind words,making everyone feel warm.
③[演讲稿] True courage does not consist in never being afraid,but in moving forward consistently despite fear.
④[主旨升华] 真正的善良体现在那些始终帮助他人却不求回报的人身上。
True kindness is shown by those who consistently help others without expecting anything in return.
consist of 表示“由……组成”,其用法相当于be made up of/be composed of /be comprised of,但不用于被动语态。
2.association n.协会;关联
①The science association believes that any discovery associated with nature should make people associate curiosity with responsibility.(associate)
②[建议信] 如果你想提高英语口语,试着多和英语说得流利的同学交流。
If you want to improve your oral English,try to associate with classmates who speak English fluently.
③[主旨升华] 真正的幸福与财富无关,而与善良和感恩相连。
→True happiness is not associated with wealth,but with kindness and gratitude.(associated)
→True happiness is not in association with wealth,but with kindness and gratitude.(association)
3.recommend vt.推荐,介绍;劝告,建议
①Based on her excellent performance in class,the teacher made a strong recommendation (recommend) for her to join the competition.
②[建议信] The adviser recommends that students (should) balance their study/recommends students to balance their study (建议学生平衡学习) with after-class activities for a good high school experience.
③The health education teacher recommends maintaining a healthy diet (建议保持健康的饮食) and regular exercise routine.
①recommend后跟宾语从句或recommendation后跟同位语从句、表语从句时,从句中要用虚拟语气;
②后接宾语从句,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”的常见动词有:
4.quantity n.数量;数额
①[神态描写] Quantities of joy were (be) shining in his eyes when he heard the good news.
②[通知] A quantity of books are (be) waiting to be distributed in the library.Please come to collect yours this Friday.
③[动作描写] The children rushed to the playground in quantity,laughing and chasing each other.
④[演讲稿] 让我们携手为环境保护筹集大量资金,因为地球的未来取决于我们的共同努力。
Let us join hands to raise large quantities of money for environmental protection,as our planet’s future depends on our collective efforts.
⑤[建议信]要扩大词汇量,你应该每天学少量新单词,而不是一次性记很多。
To enlarge your vocabulary,you should learn a small quantity of new words every day instead of memorizing many at a time.
①a quantity of或quantities of既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,表示“一些;大量的”。
②“a quantity/an amount of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与后面的名词保持一致(名词是可数名词复数则谓语动词用复数,名词是不可数名词则谓语动词用单数)。
③“quantities/amounts of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词一律用复数(因“quantities/amounts”本身是复数形式,强调“大量”这一整体概念)。
5.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 vt.欺骗;欺诈
①[心理描写] He felt his heart sink—had they played a trick on him,or did he really fail the exam
②[演讲稿] Life is full of tricky (trick) moments,but facing them bravely teaches us more than easy success.
③[建议信] 如果你记不住英语语法规则,试试为每条规则造简单的句子这个诀窍。
If you struggle with remembering English grammar rules,try the trick of making simple sentences for each rule.
④[神态描写] 他茫然地瞪着眼,意识到自己被骗着相信了谎言,脸色变得苍白。
He stared blankly,realizing he’d been tricked into believing the lie —his face turned pale.
6.regardless of 不管;不顾
①[场景描写] 尽管夜已深,但街上很热闹,小贩们在叫卖,孩子们在欢笑。
In spite of the dark night,the street was lively with street vendors shouting and kids laughing.
②[演讲稿] 我们应该追求自己的梦想,不顾别人可能会嘲笑我们这一事实——勇气是成功的第一步。
We should pursue our dreams,regardless of the fact that others may laugh at us —courage is the first step to success.
③[主旨升华] 至于生活,其目标不在于逃避挑战,而在于通过挑战变得更强大。
With regard to life,its goal is not to avoid challenges,but to grow stronger through them.
7.形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] Tired,hungry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
又累又饿,一个汉字也不认识,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
①[求助信] Puzzled by the history timeline (对历史时间线感到困惑),I wonder if you can sort it out for me.
②[心理描写] She waited for the result,nervous and anxious (既紧张又焦虑).
③Surprisingly (令人惊讶的是),our school’s robotics team won the national competition.
④[活动报道] 对学生们的创造力感到惊讶,评委将一等奖颁给了他们的科学项目。
→The judge was amazed at the students’ creativity,and/so he awarded first prize to their science project.(并列句)
→The judge was so amazed at the students’ creativity that he awarded first prize to their science project.(结果状语从句)
→Amazed at the students’ creativity,the judge awarded first prize to their science project.(形容词短语作状语)
8.it作形式主语
[教材原句] Besides this,it is also important to have some meat,beans,or dairy products in your diet,as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.
此外,饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要,因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。
①[演讲稿] 我们保持积极的学习态度很重要。
It is very important that we maintain a positive learning attitude.
②[感谢信] 你帮我解答了这道难题,你真是太好了。
It’s really nice of you to help me solve this difficult problem.
③[建议信] 熬夜学习是没有好处的,因为它会影响你的健康。
It is no good staying up late to study because it will affect your health.
在“It is+adj.+of sb to do sth”句型中,形容词说明不定式逻辑主语即sb的品行、性格等,该句型通常可改为“sb+be+adj.+to do sth”,能用于该结构的形容词有:nice,good,silly,careful等。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①What this means is ②that people ③who chew too quickly end up eating too much food ④because they still feel hungry.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。主句为What this means is...,句①是由what引导的主语从句,what作means的宾语;句②是由that引导的表语从句,that不作成分,仅起引导作用;句③是由who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people;句④是由because引导的原因状语从句。
自主翻译:这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们依然感到饥饿。
情境仿写:[主旨升华] 生活教会我们的是,勇敢面对困难的人会变得更强大,因为挑战能够塑造品格。
What life teaches us is that people who face difficulties bravely grow stronger because challenges can build character.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.trick
A.n.诀窍　　　　　B.n.把戏;戏法 C.n.计谋;花招 D.n.骗局
①The clown entertained the kids with a funny trick involving balloons.　B　
②She realized too late that the “free trial” offer was just a trick to get her credit card details.　D　
③He used a clever trick to get his little sister to finish her vegetables.　C　
④Baking perfect bread requires mastering a few simple tricks.　A　
2.bold
A.adj.勇敢的;无畏的　B.adj.鲁莽的;冒失的　C.adj.醒目的;粗体的　D.adj.果断的;大胆的
①She made a bold decision to quit her stable job and start her own business.　D　
②The logo was designed in bold letters to stand out on the packaging.　C　
③It was bold of him to criticize the boss in front of the entire team.　B　
④The soldier’s bold actions saved many lives during the mission.　A　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
As a modest① painter,he lives in a modest② cottage and has no modest ③fame.Nevertheless,he always remained modest④ when praised for his work.
作为一名①朴素的画家,他住在一间②简陋的小屋里,名气也③不大。然而,当人们称赞他的作品时,他始终保持着④谦虚。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming (consume) digital content.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)Often,they’ll end up filling (fill) the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.
3.(2023·浙江1月卷)I stuffed (stuff) a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside,closing the door securely behind me.
4.(2023·全国甲卷)However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks (trick).
5.(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant (elegance) atmosphere,the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots,yet still manages to add a special twist.
6.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Jenna found the bread and put two slices (slice) into the egg mixture.
7.[建议信] Mastering basic grammar is fundamental to improving your English writing skills.
8.[求助信] I’ve been facing consistent (consist) difficulties in solving math problems,so I wonder if you could offer me some guidance.
9.[邀请信] Your exceptional (exception) talent in music would make our school concert more wonderful,so we sincerely invite you to perform.
10.[神态描写] Her modesty (modest) showed in her downcast eyes and soft smile when others praised her painting.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 推荐信—民族文化与节日传统—中国传统美食
　　假设你是李华,你校外教Cindy想请你推荐一款你喜欢的体现中国文化的传统美食,请你用英语给她回一封信。
[场景演练]
1.我想推荐饺子,它是一种经典的中国美食。(cuisine)
I’d like to recommend jiaozi,or dumplings,a classic Chinese cuisine.
2.饺子由薄薄的面皮组成,面皮里包着肉片和新鲜蔬菜,有时甚至是甜馅。(consist of,stuff,slice)
They consist of thin wrappers which are stuffed with sliced meat,fresh vegetables,and occasionally even sweet fillings.
3.它们外观朴素,味道却格外出众。饺子非常适合家庭团聚时食用。(modest,exceptional,ideal)
With a modest appearance but exceptional taste,dumplings are ideal for family gatherings.
4.饺子与农历新年的关联,使其成为中国饮食文化中不可或缺的一部分。(association,fundamental)
Their association with the Lunar New Year makes them a fundamental part of Chinese food culture.
5.吃饺子时,慢慢咀嚼能让我们感受到那份暖意,它们还能带给我们喜悦。(consume,chew)
When consuming dumplings,chewing slowly allows us to feel that warmth and brings us pleasure.
6.吃饺子体现了我们对团圆的价值观,无论我们吃多少(饺子)。(regardless of)
Eating dumplings reflects our values of togetherness,regardless of how many we consume.
7.总的来说,饺子是感受中国文化的绝佳方式。(overall)
Overall,they’re a perfect way to feel Chinese culture.
[句式升级]
将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句和过去分词短语作定语进行改写升级。
I’d like to recommend jiaozi,or dumplings,a classic Chinese cuisine,which consist of thin wrappers stuffed with sliced meat,fresh vegetables,and occasionally even sweet fillings.
[连句成篇]
Dear Cindy,
I’d like to recommend jiaozi,or dumplings,a classic Chinese cuisine,which consist of thin wrappers stuffed with sliced meat,fresh vegetables,and occasionally even sweet fillings.
With a modest appearance but exceptional taste,dumplings are ideal for family gatherings.Their association with the Lunar New Year makes them a fundamental part of Chinese food culture.When consuming dumplings,chewing slowly allows us to feel that warmth and brings us pleasure.Eating dumplings reflects our values of togetherness,regardless of how many we consume.
Overall,they’re a perfect way to feel Chinese culture.I hope you’ll try them soon and enjoy the unique taste!
Yours,
Li Hua
　　老房子里传出的一声巨响把她吓呆了。她顿时喉咙发紧,心脏狂跳。恐惧席卷而来——她冒出冷汗,膝盖突然发软。一阵恐慌掠过她的脊背。她吓得发抖,太害怕以至于连呼喊求救都不敢。那突如其来的惊吓几乎让她吓得要死。巨大的恐惧让她僵在原地,动弹不得。
A loud sound from the old house ①made her freeze with terror.
②Her throat tightened at once and ③her heart pounded wildly.
④Fear swept over her—she ⑤broke into a cold sweat and ⑥her knees suddenly went weak.
⑦A shiver of panic ran down her back.
She ⑧trembled with fear,too scared to even call out for help.
That sudden fright nearly ⑨scared her to death.
⑩Overwhelming terror kept her rooted to the spot and she was unable to move a muscle.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.complex　　adj.复杂的;难懂的;(语法)复合的 2.recall vt.& vi.记起;回想起 3.firm n.公司;商行;事务所 adj.结实的;牢固的;坚定的 4.grasp vt.理解;领会;抓紧 5.boom vi.& n.迅速发展;繁荣 6.deny　　　　vt.否认;否定;拒绝 7.gain vt.获得;赢得;取得;增加 n.好处;增加 8.outlook n.前景;可能性;观点 9.belt n.腰带;地带 10.outcome n.结果;效果
阅 读 词 汇 1.tutor　　　n.(英国大学中的)助教;导师;家庭教师 2.cite vt.引用;引述 3.zone n.(有别于周围的)地区;地带;区域 4.insight n.洞察力;眼光 5.setting n.环境;背景;(小说等的)情节背景 6.tremendous　　　　adj.巨大的;极大的 7.perspective n.(思考问题的)角度;观点 8.envoy n.使者;使节;代表 9.angle n.角;角度;立场 10.initiative n.倡议;新方案 11.budget n.预算
拓 展 词 汇 1.qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格;(使)合格→qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格;学历→qualified adj.具备……的学历(或资历);符合资格 2.ambition n.追求的目标;夙愿;野心;抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的→ambitiously adv.雄心勃勃地 3.adaptation n.适应;改编本→adapt vt.使适应;改编 vi.适应→adaptive adj.适应的;有适应能力的 4.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰→comfortable adj.舒适的;舒服的;自在的→comfortably adv.舒适地;舒服地→uncomfortable adj.使人不舒服的;令人不舒适的→discomfort n.不适;不舒服;不安 vt.使不舒服;使不安 5.participate vi.参加;参与→participation n.参加;参与→participant n.参加者;参与者 6.presentation n.报告;陈述;出示;拿出→present vt.颁发;提交;展示;上演 n.礼物;目前 adj.当前的;出席 7.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)→engagement n.订婚;约定;(与……的)密切关系→engaged adj.忙于,从事;已订婚的;被占用的→engaging adj.有趣的;令人愉快的;迷人的 8.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加→involvement n.参与;加入;投入→involved adj.参与;有关联;关注 9.messenger n.送信人;信使→message n.(书面或口头的)消息,信息;(书、演讲等的)要旨 10.edition n.(报纸、杂志)一份;(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑;版次→edit vt.编辑;剪辑→editor n.(报纸、杂志等的)主编,编辑;(书的)编者 11.overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的;巨大的;压倒性的→overwhelm vt.(感情或感觉)充溢,难以承受;彻底战胜;压垮 12.homesickness n.思乡病;乡愁→homesick adj.思乡的;想家的 13.motivate vt.成为……的动机;激发;激励→motivation n.动力;积极性;动机→motivated adj.积极的;主动的
拓 展 词 汇 14.advisor n.(also adviser) 顾问→advise vt.& vi.建议;劝告→advice n.建议;劝告 15.reasonable adj.有道理的;合情理的→reason n.原因;理由;理性 v.推理;思考→reasonably adv.合情合理地;适度地 16.expectation n.期望;预期;期待→expect v.期待;预期;指望→expected adj.预期的;预料的→unexpected adj.出乎意料的;始料不及的→unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地 17.applicant n.申请人→apply vt.& vi.申请 vt.应用;涂→application n.申请;应用;申请书 18.expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)→exposure n.接触;体验;暴露;揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的;不遮挡风雨的 19.departure n.离开;启程;出发→depart vt.& vi.离开;启程;出发 20.dramatic adj.巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的→drama n.戏剧→dramatically adv.急剧地;戏剧性地 21.expense n.费用;花费;开销→expend v.花费;消耗;耗费→expensive adj.昂贵的;花钱多的→inexpensive adj.不昂贵的 22.behave vi.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌→behaviour n.行为,举止;习性→well-behaved adj.彬彬有礼的;行为端正的→badly-behaved adj.表现差的 23.surroundings n.[pl.] 环境;周围的事物→surround vt.包围;环绕→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 24.mature adj.成熟的→maturity n.成熟;完备→immature adj.(行为)不成熟的;发育未全的 25.depress vt.使沮丧;使忧愁→depressed adj.沮丧的;意志消沉的→depression n.抑郁;沮丧;萧条→depressing adj.令人沮丧的;令人消沉的 26.strengthen vi.& vt.加强;增强;巩固→strength n.力量;力气;优势→strong adj.强壮的;强烈的 27.optimistic adj.乐观的→optimism n.乐观;乐观主义→optimistically adv.乐观地 petent adj.有能力的;称职的→competence n.能力;胜任;本领→compete vi.竞争;比赛 29.cooperate vi.合作;协作;配合→cooperation n.合作;协作→cooperative adj.合作的;协作的 n.合作企业;合作社组织 30.sincerely adv.真诚地;诚实地→sincere adj.真诚的;诚挚的;诚实的→sincerity n.坦诚;诚恳→insincere adj.不诚恳的;不真心的 31.logical adj.合乎逻辑的;合情合理的→logic n.思维方式;逻辑;逻辑学→logically adv.合乎逻辑地
重 点 词 块 1.participate in　　　　　　参加;参与 2.speak up 大声点说;明确表态 3.feel at home 舒服自在;不拘束 4.engage in (使)从事;参与 5.be/get involved in 参与;卷入;与……有关联;专注于 6.culture shock 文化冲击 7.comfort zone 舒适区;舒适范围 8.cost an arm and a leg　　(使)花一大笔钱 9.side with 支持;站在……的一边 10.as far as I know 据我所知 11.as far as I am concerned 就我而言;依我看来 12.in summary 总的来说;总之 13.generally speaking 一般来说
重 点 句 型 1.这是她第一次离开中国。(It was the first time that+过去完成时) It was the first time that she had left China. 2.她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。[the first time (that)...第一次……时] The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 3.刚开始,谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是,没过几周,她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。(what引导的同位语从句) At first,Xie Lei had no idea what she should say,but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
重 点 句 型 4.在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时,有些人可能会感到吃力,并承受文化冲击的折磨。(状语从句的省略) Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 5.总之,出国留学有不利的一面,这个事实是不可否认的,因此当你想要出国留学时,应当考虑上述诸多因素。(one cannot deny the fact that...) To sum up,one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages,so when you think about studying abroad,you should consider these many factors.
动词、名词变形容词的后缀“-ic/-tic”集锦:
①drama→dramatic巨大的;突然的;急剧的;戏剧(般)的
②history→historic历史上著名(或重要)的
③poet→poetic诗歌的　　　　　　　　　　
④economy→economic经济的;经济学的
⑤hero→heroic英雄的;英勇的
⑥romance→romantic浪漫的
⑦realise→realistic现实的;逼真的
⑧fantasy→fantastic极好的;了不起的
⑨academy→academic学业的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)This approach spared me the discomfort (comfort) of having to over-explain. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding (surround) yourself with plants,don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Helping the community lowers rates of depression (depress). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical (logic) conclusion. 5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No editor (edit) is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure (depart) of the last bus to Prague. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The latest engineering techniques are applied (apply) to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging (engage) than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies... 9.(2024·北京卷)Since there are many factors involved in the pairing process,not all students who sign up will be matched with a partner and be able to register for the programme. 10.(2024·北京卷)Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged,while cooperation (cooperate),humbleness and courage are praised. 11.(2024·北京卷)These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour (behave) according to the norms and values of our family and our community. 12.(2024·北京卷)These abilities are strengthened (strengthen) by our capacity for language,which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)The first time we stayed there(我们第一次住在那里的时候),we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike making its way down the hill toward us. 14.(2023·全国乙卷)She qualified (qualify) as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas. 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)I’m preparing a presentation (present) for the city library.It’s about a girl named Tracy Woods.
16.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. 17.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s expectations (expect). 18.(2022·全国甲卷)Though not known (know) to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 19.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious (ambition) sportsmen. 20.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably (reasonable) support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 21.(2021·浙江6月卷)To us,the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans,which gives them a lot of exposure (expose) to human facial expressions... 22.(2021·浙江6月卷)And his dad,Albert,took the money my dad earned and used it to pay family expenses (expense).
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.comfort n.安慰;令人感到安慰的人或事物;舒服;安逸 vt.安慰;抚慰
①[求助信] To my comfort(令我宽慰的是),I know you’re always willing to help,so I’m writing to ask for your advice on my study plan.
②[建议信] If you feel anxious before the exam,listening to light music can help you stay in comfort(保持舒适) and calm down.
③[主旨升华] True comfort doesn’t come from material things(真正的安慰并非来自物质的东西),but from the love and care we share with each other.
④[动作描写] She comforted her crying little sister with(用……安慰哭泣的妹妹) a stuffed bear,patting her back gently until the girl fell asleep comfortably (舒适地睡着).
当comfort表示抽象概念“安慰;舒服”时,是不可数名词;当表示具体的“令人感到安慰的人或事物”时,是可数名词,可与不定冠词a连用。类似用法的名词还有success,failure,surprise,joy,danger,honour等(均遵循“抽象不可数,具体可数”的规律),但fun例外,fun虽可指具体的人或事,但它是不可数名词,不能与不定冠词a连用。
2.engage vi.参加;参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
①[建议信] Schools should engage professional mentors to guide (guide) students in career planning.
②[求助信] Could I engage you in discussing the outline of my history paper I’m unsure about the structure.
③[邀请信] It’s my pleasure to inform you that I am engaged to Anna,and the wedding will be held next month.
④[神态描写] With bright eyes and an engaging (engage) smile,she told stories that fascinated everyone.
⑤[主旨升华] 那些投身于保护传统文化的人,正在为文明延续点亮灯火。
→Those who engage themselves in protecting traditional culture are lighting the way for the continuation of civilization.(定语从句)
→Those engaged in protecting traditional culture are lighting the way for the continuation of civilization.(过去分词)
→Those engaging themselves in the protection of traditional culture are lighting the way for the continuation of civilization.(现在分词)
be engaged to sb 表示“与某人订婚”,此时engaged后接介词to,不可用介词with。
3.involve vt.包含;需要;涉及;影响;(使)参加
①[建议信] I suggest you involve yourself (you) in class management as it can develop your sense of responsibility and organizational skills.
②[求助信] This research project involves collecting (collect) a large amount of data,and I find it hard to finish alone.Could you help me
③Those involved in the community project,whose active involvement has greatly helped improve local life,believe that such efforts involve more than just physical work—they build connections between people.(involve)
④[活动报道] 在全体师生的参与下,我校科技节取得了圆满成功。
The science and technology festival of our school was a great success with the involvement of all teachers and students.
4.expectation n.期望;预期;期待
①[求助信] I expect you to give (give) me some advice on how to improve my English writing skills.
②We all expect the team to achieve the expected goal in the competition,but an unexpected heavy rain came unexpectedly,which made their performance beyond everyone’s expectations.(expect)
③[邀请信] We await your arrival with expectation(满怀期待地),as your presence will make the party more wonderful.
④[人物介绍] Despite his young age,he showed a remarkably high level in the competition and fully lived up to/met his coach’s expectations (不负他教练所望).
⑤[活动报道] As expected(不出所料),the local team won the championship in the basketball match yesterday.
⑥[主旨升华] Life is full of unexpected challenges(生活中充满了意想不到的挑战),but it is these challenges that make our growth more meaningful.
5.expose vt.使接触;使体验;显露;使暴露于(险境)
①[主旨升华] Exposure (expose) to different perspectives teaches us to respect differences,and this is how the world becomes more harmonious.
②[动作描写] He quickly pulled down the curtain to avoid exposing the surprise party to his sister.
③[建议信] If you expose yourself to more English conversations,your oral communication skills will improve gradually.
→Exposing yourself to more English conversations,you will find your oral communication skills improving gradually.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Exposed to more English conversations,your oral communication skills will improve gradually.(过去分词短语作状语)
→Exposing yourself to more English conversations will lead to a gradual improvement of your oral communication skills.(动名词短语作主语)
及物动词expose后若无宾语,则常常使用它的被动形式;在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
6.behave vi.表现 vi.& vt.表现得体;有礼貌
①[主旨升华] Good behaviour (behave) is like a light—it not only brightens yourself but also guides others to be better.
②[动作描写] He behaved like a gentleman,opening the door for the girl carrying heavy books.
③[演讲稿] Behaving well towards others (友善对待他人) is not just polite—it’s the foundation of a harmonious society!
④[求助信] My little brother is badly-behaved (我弟弟表现很差)at parties,so I need your help to teach him to behave himself(教他守规矩).
7.deny vt.否认;否定;拒绝
①[邀请信] We would never deny the chance to attend our festival to a friend like you,so please accept our invitation.
②[动作描写] He crossed his arms,denying knocking/having knocked (knock) over the vase,even though the broken pieces were at his feet.
③[神态描写] She bit her lip,denying that (否认) she was sad—yet tears filled her eyes.
④[主旨升华] 不可否认,善意虽小,却能像阳光一样温暖整个世界。
→There is no denying that kindness,though small,can warm the world like sunlight.(denying)
→It can’t be denied that kindness,though small,can warm the world like sunlight. (denied)
8.It was the first time that sb had done sth 这是某人第一次做某事
[教材原句] It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
①[求助信] 这是我第一次在上学路上丢了钱包。曾经有一段时间妈妈总提醒我要小心,可我没听。
This is the first time that I have lost my wallet on the way to school.There was a time when my mom always reminded me to be careful,but I didn’t listen.
②[邀请信] 这是我第三次邀请你参加我的生日聚会了。到了你该答应的时候了——我的朋友们都很期待见到你!
This was the third time that I had invited you to my birthday party.It is high time that you said yes/should say yes—my friends are all looking forward to meeting you!
9.the first time (that)... 第一次……时
[教材原句] The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注明,不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的。
①[邀请信] 每次我们举办班级聚会,你的笑话总能让气氛很活跃。这周五你来吗 (every time)
Every time we have a class party,your jokes always make the atmosphere lively.Will you come this Friday
②[活动报道] 比赛一开始,所有运动员都大显身手。(the minute)
The minute the competition started,all the players showed their best skills.
③[场景描写] 太阳一越过山顶,整个村庄就沐浴在金色的阳光中。(the instant)
The instant the sun rose over the mountain,the whole village was bathed in golden sunlight.
④[神态描写] 第一次获奖时,她的眼睛里闪烁着骄傲与喜悦的光芒。
The first time (that) she received a prize,her eyes were shining with pride and happiness.
the first time表示“第一次”,在句中可作宾语、表语,还可作连词引导时间状语从句。for the first time是介词短语,表示“第一次”,作状语,不引导从句。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] At first,Xie Lei had no idea ①what she should say,but ②what surprised her was ③that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
尝试分析: 这是一个并列复合句,由but连接。句①是what引导的同位语从句,句②是what引导的主语从句,句③是that引导的表语从句。
自主翻译:刚开始,谢蕾不知道该说什么。但使她惊奇的是,没过几周,她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。
情境仿写:一开始,我压根不清楚自己面临着什么问题,可让我发愁的是,学了好几个小时,物理概念还是一知半解。
At first,I had no idea what problem I was facing,but what worried me was that I still couldn’t fully understand physics concepts after hours of studying.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.engage(d)
A.vt.聘用　　　　　　　　　B.adj.忙于 C.vi.参加;参与(活动) D.adj.已订婚的 E.vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
①Only 10% of the students engaged in the qualification examination.　C　
②No one can deny the fact that this moving film engages both the mind and the eye.　E　
③His father engaged a tutor to motivate him to improve his maths.　A　
④In summary,I was so engaged in my study that I paid no attention to my mother’s feelings.　B　
⑤She was engaged to Peter,which was beyond our expectations.　D　
2.firm
A.adj.牢固的;结实的　B.adj.坚定的;坚决的 C.n.公司;商行 D.v.(使)变坚实;(使)稳固
①The small firm specializes in producing high-quality handmade furniture.　C　
②You need a firm surface to place the heavy machine,or it might tip over.　A　
③Her firm refusal to compromise surprised everyone in the meeting.　B　
④Leave the mixture in the fridge for an hour to let it firm up.　D　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”v.推理;论证
②(2022·浙江1月卷)America did not invent the steam engine,but once they grasped its possibilities they put it to more uses than anyone else.vt.理解;领会
③(2022·浙江1月卷)Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.vt.获得;赢得(时间、机会等)
④(2021·浙江6月卷)Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles.adj.戏剧的;有关戏剧的
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behaviour (behave) up a notch.
2.(2024·全国甲卷)Elizabeth Sims analyses the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation (present).
4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)...I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable (comfort) and confident speaking English.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)Last weekend,I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Students’ Union.
6.[活动报道] The exhibition gave students exposure (expose) to ancient culture through interactive displays.
7.Initially,I used the online platform as a diary,something to look back on,giving me a sense of achievement and keeping me motivated (motivate) and moving forward.
8.[求助信] I’m worried I can’t meet my parents’ expectations (expect) for the exam.Could you give me some advice
9.[主旨升华] True competence (competent) isn’t about being perfect,but having the courage to learn from failures.
10.[演讲稿] There is no denying (deny) that environmental protection concerns every one of us.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 求助信—跨文化沟通—文化差异
假设你是李华,你来到英国的一所中学学习。因为文化差异,你感到压力很大,所以写信向老师Tom求助。
要点如下:1.如何适应环境;2.如何与同学们相处;3.如何提升学业成绩。
[场景演练]
1.我写信向您求助,因为我面临巨大的压力。(overwhelming)
I’m writing to ask you for a favour,for I’m faced with the overwhelming pressure.
2.首先,我觉得很难适应国外生活。(gain,adaptation)
To begin with,I find it is hard to gain good adaptation to life in a foreign country.
3.我需要住在寄宿家庭吗 (host family)
Do I need to live with a host family
4.寄宿家庭有成熟的语言环境。(mature,surroundings)
In the host family there are mature language surroundings.
5.此外,我和同学相处有困难。(get along with)
Besides,I have trouble in getting along with my classmates.
6.我需要参加各种各样的活动吗 (engage in)
Do I need to engage in various activities
7.通过参加活动,我可以交朋友。(get involved in)
I can make friends by getting involved in activities.
8.最后但同等重要的是,您能告诉我如何克服学业上的困难,提升成绩吗 (overcome,academic)
Last but not least,could you tell me how I can overcome academic difficulties to enhance my performance
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用it作形式宾语进行改写升级。
To begin with,I find it hard to gain good adaptation to life in a foreign country.
2.将第3句和第4句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Do I need to live with a host family where there are mature language surroundings
[连句成篇]
Dear Tom,
I’m writing to ask you for a favour,for I’m faced with the overwhelming pressure.
To begin with,I find it hard to gain good adaptation to life in a foreign country.Do I need to live with a host family where there are mature language surroundings Besides,I have trouble in getting along with my classmates.Do I need to engage in various activities I can make friends by getting involved in activities.Last but not least,could you tell me how I can overcome academic difficulties to enhance my performance
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
frightened adj.受惊的 scared adj.害怕的 terrified adj.非常害怕;十分恐惧 fear n.害怕,惧怕 panic n.惊恐;恐慌(含慌乱感) fright n.惊吓,恐怖(常指突发) terror n.惊恐,恐惧;惊骇(极端强烈) freeze with terror 吓呆 恐惧、 惊恐 tremble with fear 吓得发抖 break into a cold sweat 冒冷汗 one’s throat tightens 喉咙发紧 one’s knees go weak 膝盖发软 heart pounds wildly 心脏狂跳 fear sweeps over sb 恐惧席卷某人 be scared to death 吓得要死 a shiver of panic 一阵恐慌的颤抖
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.underneath　　prep.& adv.在……底下;隐藏在下面 2.swallow vt.& vi.吞下;咽下 3.wrap vt.包、裹;(用手臂等)围住 4.elderly adj.年纪较大的;上了年纪的(婉辞) 5.delay vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁 n.延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟 6.drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没 7.sprain vt.扭伤(关节) n.扭伤 8.scream　　　　vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊;大声叫 n.尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音 9.fellow adj.同类的;同事的;同伴的;同情况的 n.男人;家伙;同事;同辈;同类 10.choke vi.& vt.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽 11.slap vt.(用手掌)打、拍 n.(用手掌)打、拍;拍击声 12.fist n.拳;拳头 13.grab vt.抓住;攫取 n.抓取;抢夺 14.collapse vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
阅 读 词 汇 1.leaflet　　　n.散页印刷品;传单;小册子 2.toxin n.毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) 3.ray n.光线;光束;(热、电等)射线 4.radiation n.辐射;放射线 5.acid n.酸 adj.酸的;酸性的 6.millimetre n.毫米;千分之一米 7.layer n.层;表层;层次 8.victim n.受害者;患者 9.blister n.(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱;(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 10.fabric n.织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构 11.paramedic n.急救医生;护理人员 12.bathtub n.浴缸;浴盆 13.mosquito　　　n.(pl.-oes,-os)蚊子 14.carpet n.地毯 15.ambulance n.救护车 16.needle n.针;缝衣针;注射针;指针 17.ward n.病房 18.ankle n.踝;踝关节 19.steak n.牛排;肉排 20.throat n.咽喉;喉咙 21.obstruction n.阻碍;堵塞;阻塞物 22.welfare n.幸福;福祉;安康;福利 23.manual n.使用手册;说明书 adj.用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的 24.suburb n.郊区;城外
拓 展 词 汇 1.technique n.技能;技术;技艺→technical adj.技术的;技艺的;专业的→technically adv.在技术上;在专业上;严格按照事实地→technician n.技术员;技师;(艺术、体育等的)有技巧者,技艺精湛者→technology n.技术;工艺;工艺技术→technological adj.技术的;工艺的;工艺技术的→technologist n.技术专家;工艺师 2.organ n.(人或动植物的)器官→organic adj.器官的;有机的;有机物的→organism n.生物;有机体;(尤指)微生物→organisation n.组织;机构;团体→organise vt.组织;安排;筹备 3.minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→minority n.少数;少数人;未成年→minimum adj.最低(限度)的;最小的 n.最小值;最少量
拓 展 词 汇 4.electric adj.电的;用电的;电动的→electrical adj.电的;用电的;发电的→electricity n.电;电能 5.swell vi.(swelled,swollen) 膨胀;肿胀→swelling n.膨胀;肿胀;肿胀处→swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的 6.nerve n.神经→nervous adj.焦虑的;担忧的;神经系统的→nervously adv.紧张地→nervousness n.焦虑 7.loose adj.松的;未系紧的;宽松的→loosen vt.& vi.(使)放松;解开;松散→loosely adv.宽松地;松散地 8.urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→urgency n.紧急;紧迫;紧迫性→urgently adv.急切地;紧急地 9.ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在→easy adj.容易的;不费力的;舒适的→easily adv.容易地;轻易地;无疑→uneasy adj.不安的;焦虑的 10.bath n.洗澡 vt.给……洗澡→bathe vt.用水清洗(尤指身体部位) 11.slip vi.滑倒;滑落;溜走 n.滑倒;小错误;纸条→slippery adj.滑的;靠不住的→slipper n.拖鞋 12.operator n.电话接线员;操作员→operate vi.& vt.操作;(使)运转;经营;动手术→operation n.操作;运转;经营;手术 13.bleed vi.(bled,bled) 流血;失血→bleeding n.流血;失血→blood n.血;血统→bloody adj.流血的;血腥的;残暴的 14.panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐;恐慌→panicky adj.惊慌的;焦虑不安的 15.interrupt vi.& vt.打断;打扰 vt.使暂停;使中断→interruption n.中断;障碍物 16.diner n.(尤指餐馆的)就餐者→dine vi.& vt.进餐;用饭→dining n.进餐;用饭 17.desperate adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的→desperately adv.(因绝望而)不惜冒险地;不顾一切地,拼命地;非常地→desperation n.绝望;拼命;铤而走险 18.practical adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→practically adv.实际地;几乎;实事求是地→impractical adj.不现实的 19.tight adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地→tightly adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地→tightness n.紧密;坚固;紧张→tighten vt.(使)变紧;加强 20.motion n.运动;移动→motionless adj.静止的;一动不动的→motive adj.发动的;导致运动的 n.动机;目的 21.justify vt.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由→justification n.正当理由;辩护;证明→justified adj.(做某事)有正当理由的;合乎情理的→unjustified adj.不公正的;不正当的;不必要的 22.foggy adj.有雾的→fog n.雾;迷惑不解 vt.(使)雾气笼罩;使困惑 23.membership n.会员身份;全体会员;会员人数→member n.成员;会员;分子
重 点 词 块 1.act as　　　　　　　 充当;担当 2.sense of touch 触觉 3.a variety of 各种各样的;不同的 4.divide...into... 把……分成…… 5.electric shock 触电;电击 6.suffer from 受……折磨/之苦;患……病 7.help sb to one’s feet　帮助某人站起身来 8.face up/down 面朝上(朝下) 9.sleep in 迟起;睡过头;睡懒觉 10.out of shape 健康状况不好;变形; 走样
重 点 句 型 1.可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。(as引导非限制性定语从句) As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 2.根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。[现在分词(短语)作伴随状语] Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage.
重 点 句 型 3.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立刻送往医院。(there is a need to do sth) If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,there is an urgent need to take him∕her to the hospital at once. 4.北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐,这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。(have sth done) Chen Wei,a high school student in Beijing,had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
变动词的后缀“-ify”集锦:
①just→justify 证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由 ②pure→purify 净化;提纯
③intense→intensify (使)加强,增强,加剧 ④class→classify 分类;归类
⑤solid→solidify (使)凝固;巩固 ⑥beauty→beautify 美化;使更美丽
⑦simple→simplify 使简化;使简易 ⑧identity→identify 辨认;认出
⑨note→notify (正式)通报,通知
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically (technical) made from garbage. 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent (紧急的),consider sending an email. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷)With his heart in his mouth,Kevin grabbed (抓住) Mrs. Hill’s home phone and called the police. 4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques (technique) are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 5.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed (delay) by an hour and a half. 6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since 1982,membership (member) in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Bring layers (layer) for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way to ease (减轻;缓解) pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)She stopped to help her fellow (同伴的) runner,Danielle Lenoue. 10.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. 11.(2023·浙江1月卷)It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟),desperately (desperate) trying to escape. 12.(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped (wrap) them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). 13.(2023·全国甲卷)Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organising (organ) activities... 14.(2022·浙江1月卷)When my teammate and I met to discuss our project,I was uneasy(easy). 15.(2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority (minor) of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 16.(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same time,help railway operators (operate) save billions of euros each year 17.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)He said he became just as nervous (nerve) as those playing instruments on stage. 18.(2021·浙江1月卷)Any small interruption (interrupt)—a price check,a chatty customer—can have downstream effects,holding up an entire line. 19.(2021·全国乙卷)Practically (practical) everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在
①After taking a deep breath to ease her uneasy feelings,she found that solving the problem was much easier than she had thought,and she completed it easily.(ease)
②[心理描写] He felt uneasy about lying to his parents,even though he thought it was for their own good.
③[心理描写] Her mind was at ease when seeing her lost cat return.
④[申请信] I can speak English with ease,which helps me communicate with others.So I hope to join the exchange program.
⑤[神态描写] 老师温暖的笑容让这位新同学放松下来。
The teacher’s warm smile put the new student at ease.
⑥[建议信] 为了减轻考试压力,我建议学习后散散步。我认为这是个简单的放松方法。
To ease yourself of exam stress,I suggest taking a short walk after studying,which I think is an easy way to relax.
2.delay vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事) vt.耽误;耽搁 n.延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟
①[场景描写] A delay in the train’s arrival left the platform crowded with impatient passengers.
②[演讲稿] Opportunities don’t wait—don’t delay chasing (chase) your dreams,or you’ll regret it.
③[建议信] 如果你在这份计划中发现错误,要立刻改正。现在的小修正能避免以后的大麻烦。
If you find mistakes in the plan,correct them without delay.Small fixes now can avoid big problems later.
表示“推迟”的短语还有hold up,set back等。
3.drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
①[动作描写] She drowned her face in cold water to calm down the burning anger.
②[演讲稿] Let’s drown ourselves (us) in the pursuit of dreams,for only persistence can make them come true.
③[场景描写] The sudden thunder drowned out the teacher’s words,making the whole class jump.
④[心理描写] 比赛失利后,她沉浸在悲伤中,好几天吃不下、睡不着。
After failing the competition,she drowned in sorrow,unable to eat or sleep for days.
4.panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐;恐慌
①[演讲稿] Dear classmates,don’t panic at/about/over failures—they are just stepping stones to success.
②[神态描写] With panicky (panic) eyes darting around the room,she looked as if she was searching for a way to escape the awkward situation.
③[心理描写] 我的脑子一片空白,我处在恐慌中,心想自己怎么会忘了练了那么久的台词。
My mind went blank,and I was in a panic,wondering how I could have forgotten the lines I’d practiced so long.
④[动作描写] 他慌了神,冲向响铃的电话时撞翻了椅子。
He got into a panic,knocking over his chair as he rushed to the ringing phone.
动词panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked,现在分词是panicking。
5.desperate adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的
①In the face of the approaching flood,the desperate villagers,driven by desperation,desperately tried to move the elderly and children to higher ground.(desperate)
②[场景描写] The thirsty plants in the garden were desperate for rain after weeks of hot weather.
③[演讲稿] Don’t make choices in desperation—take a deep breath and think twice before acting.
④[申请信] 我渴望成为一名志愿者,我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。
→As I am desperate to become a volunteer,I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(状语从句)
→Desperate to become a volunteer,I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(形容词短语作状语)
表示“渴望”的短语还有be eager for,be hungry for,be thirsty for,be dying for,long for等。
6.help sb to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来
①[新闻报道] When the old man fell on the street,a young volunteer quickly ran over to help him to his feet (扶他站了起来).
②Let’s rise to our feet (让我们站起来) and cheer for the athletes who tried their best in the competition!
③[动作描写] 看到主人开门,狗一下子跳起来,疯狂地摇着尾巴。
The dog jumped to its feet when it saw its owner opening the door,wagging its tail wildly.
④[神态描写] 和弟弟争论时,她生气地跺着脚,脸涨得通红。
She stamped her feet in anger,her face turning red as she argued with her little brother.
7.out of shape 健康状况不好;变形;走样
①[演讲稿] Kindness can appear in the shape of a smile,a helping hand,or a few encouraging words.
②[动作描写] She folded the paper carefully,and soon it was shaped like a little bird.
③[申请信] I believe this volunteer program will help shape me into a more responsible person.
④[建议信] Doing morning exercises every day will help you get/stay/keep in shape (帮你保持体形) and stay energetic.
⑤After months of skipping the gym,I’m so out of shape/in bad shape (健康状况不好) that climbing two flights of stairs leaves me breathless.
“out of+n.”结构的表达还有:out of control 失控;out of sight 看不见;out of work 失业;out of pity 出于同情;out of curiosity 出于好奇;out of love 基于爱。
8.as引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句] As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。
①[主旨升华] 众所周知,小小的善举能带来巨大影响。
As is known to us all/As we all know,small acts of kindness can make a big difference.
②[建议信] 正如被报道的那样,规律锻炼有助于改善身心健康。因此我建议你加入学校体育俱乐部。
As is reported,regular exercise helps improve both physical and mental health.So I suggest you join the school sports club.
9.现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
[教材原句] Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
①[神态描写] 小男孩捧着奖杯,站得笔直,激动得脸都红了。
The little boy held the trophy,standing straight,his face turning red with excitement.
②[活动报道] 学生们在公园里种树,有说有笑,让这项活动充满了欢乐。
The students planted trees in the park,chatting and laughing,making the activity full of joy.
③[心理描写] 被大家注视着,她突然变得紧张起来。
Being stared at by everyone,she suddenly became nervous.
④[倡议信] 为了构建一个更美好的世界,每个人都应该行动起来,传递善意。
In order to build a better world,everyone should act,spreading kindness.
①表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况,通常用现在分词或过去分词。若句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词;若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,用过去分词或现在分词的被动式(being done)。
②表示目的,通常用动词不定式。表目的的不定式所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词之后,且常用于in order to,so as to结构,有时为了强调,可将不定式短语放在句首。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Instead,①lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body,and then ②give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
尝试分析:这是一个并列复合句。由“and then”连接两个祈使句:句①和句②。句①中“with the head lower than the rest of his body”是with复合结构作伴随状语;句②中“until he can breathe again” 是时间状语从句,说明“give firm slaps”的持续时间。
自主翻译:相反,应将孩子脸朝下放在你的大腿上,使其头部低于身体其他部位,然后用力拍打他的上背部,直到他能重新呼吸为止。
情境仿写:[动作描写] 消防员抱着孩子冲出着火的房子,用外套盖住孩子,然后快速跑,直到他们到达一个安全的地方。
The firefighter carried the child out of the burning house with his coat covering the kid,and then ran quickly until they reached a safe place.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.swallow
A.vt.掩饰;抑制　　　B.vt.& vi.吞下;咽下 C.vt.吞没;淹没;侵吞 D.vt.相信;信以为真
①She swallowed the pill with a sip of water.　B　
②The flood swallowed the small village in just a few hours.　C　
③He tried to swallow his anger when he heard the unfair criticism.　A　
④It’s hard to swallow the idea that such a kind person could be guilty.　D　
2.desperate
A.adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的　B.adj.非常需要的 C.adj.不顾一切的;拼命的
①She’s desperate for a glass of water after running the marathon.　B　
②After months of failing to find a job,he felt increasingly desperate.　A　
③In the story,the hero takes desperate action to save his trapped friend.　C　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
She slipped① on the wet floor,and the slip② of paper in her hand fell out.She tried to slip③ it back into her pocket quickly,but a little slip④ in her action made it fall again,and she had to watch it slip⑤ under the sofa.
她在湿滑的地板上①滑倒了,手里的②纸条掉了出来。她想赶紧把它③悄悄塞回口袋,可动作上的一点小④差错又让它掉了下来,她只能眼睁睁看着它⑤滑落到沙发底下。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Liquid ammonia is easy (ease) to keep and transport,but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical (practice) roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
3.(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out,Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.
4.(2021·全国乙卷)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation (operate).
5.That way,you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.
6.[场景描写] The garden is lovely to bathe (bath) in sunlight before the rain comes,painting the flowers in bright colors.
7.[情景描写] The cat lay motionless (motion) on the windowsill before the rain stopped,watching drops fall patiently.
8.[动作描写] She tried to loosen (loose) her tense nerves before the speech.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 记叙文—安全常识—急救故事
假设你是李华,你的同学汤姆在早晨锻炼时扭伤了脚踝,汤姆的队友约翰对他实施了急救。请你根据以下要点,给校英语报写一篇题为A Timely First Aid的文章来记录这个故事。
[场景演练]
1.今天早上,我的同学汤姆跑步时扭伤了脚踝,这让他疼得尖叫起来。(sprain,scream)
This morning,my classmate Tom sprained his ankle while running.It made him scream out in pain.
2.他的队友们处于慌乱中,不知道该如何应对。(fellow,panic)
His fellow teammates were in a panic and they did not know how to react.
3.这时,学过急救的约翰立刻上前帮忙。(without delay)
Then John,who had learned first aid,stepped up to offer help without delay.
4.他先抓住汤姆的胳膊,帮助他坐在长椅上。(grab)
He first grabbed Tom’s arm and helped him sit on the bench.
5.接着,他轻轻跪下,用毛巾裹住汤姆肿胀的脚踝。(wrap,swollen)
He then knelt down gently to wrap a towel around Tom’s swollen ankle.
6.“勇敢面对——恰当的处理能减轻疼痛,”他一边说,一边运用着实用的技巧。(face up,practical)
“Face up to it—proper care reduces pain,” he said,using practical skills.
7.在约翰及时的帮助下,汤姆很快就康复了。
With John’s timely help,Tom recovered soon.
8.他的行为表明,在这类紧急情况下,各种急救技能确实能发挥重要作用。(a variety of,desperate)
His action shows a variety of first aid skills can really make a difference in such desperate situations.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用which引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
This morning,my classmate Tom sprained his ankle while running,which made him scream out in pain.
2.将第2句用现在分词作结果状语进行改写升级。
His fellow teammates were in a panic,not knowing how to react.
3.将第4句用现在分词作伴随状语进行改写升级。
He first grabbed Tom’s arm,helping him sit on the bench.
4.将第7句用强调句进行改写升级。
It is with John’s timely help that Tom recovered soon.
[连句成篇]
A Timely First Aid
This morning,my classmate Tom sprained his ankle while running,which made him scream out in pain.His fellow teammates were in a panic,not knowing how to react.
Then John,who had learned first aid,stepped up to offer help without delay.He first grabbed Tom’s arm,helping him sit on the bench.He then knelt down gently to wrap a towel around Tom’s swollen ankle.“Face up to it—proper care reduces pain,” he said,using practical skills.
It is with John’s timely help that Tom recovered soon.His action shows a variety of first aid skills can really make a difference in such desperate situations.
embarrassed 尴尬的 awkward 尴尬的 ashamed 羞愧的 guilty 内疚的 shame 羞愧 embarrassment 尴尬 face burning 脸发热 尴尬、 羞愧 hang one’s head 低下头 smile awkwardly 尴尬地微笑着 a guilty look 惭愧的神情 drop one’s eyes 垂下眼睛 stare at one’s feet 盯着某人的脚 shift from foot to foot 不安地换脚站 be overwhelmed by embarrassment/shame 被尴尬/羞愧淹没 tremble with embarrassment 因尴尬而颤抖
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》

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