资源简介

写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　vt.& n.排放;释放;发布 2.　　　　 n.燃料;刺激性言行 3.　　　　 adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的 4.　　　　 n.趋势;趋向;动向 5.　　　　 vt.& vi.(　　　　,　　　　)播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目 6.　　　　 vt.抓住;夺取;控制;扣押;没收 7.　　　　 vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良 8.　　　　　　vt.(　　　　,　　　　) 经历;经受(变化、不快等) 9.　　　　 vt.使生效;贯彻;执行 10.　　　　 n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱 11.　　　　 n.垃圾;废物 12.　　　　 vt.恢复;使复原;修复 13.　　　　 n.(一)打;十二个 14.　　　　 vt.对……处以罚款 15.　　　　 n.运动;战役 vi.& vt.参加运动;领导运动
阅 读 词 汇 1.graph　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.seal n.　　　　　　　 3.methane n.　　　　　　　 4.carbon n.　　　　　　　 5.dioxide n.　　　　　　　 6.carbon dioxide 　　　　　　　 7.fossil n.　　　　　　　 8.fossil fuel 　　　　　　　 9.policy n.　　　　　　　 10.footprint n.　　　　　　　 11.basin　　　n.　　　　　　　 12.penguin n.　　　　　　　 13.tropical adj.　　　　　　　 14.nuclear adj.　　　　　　　 15.jungle n.　　　　　　　 16.smog n.　　　　　　　 17.volume n.　　　　　　　 18.enterprise n.　　　　　　　 19.waterway n.　　　　　　　 20.agenda n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 n.排放物;散发物;排放→　　　　 vt.散发(光、热、声音、气等);发出 2.　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→　　　　 n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死→　　　　 adj.饥饿的;挨饿的→　　　　 adj.缺乏……的;急需……的 3.　　　　 n.生态;生态学→　　　　 adj.生态的,生态学的→　　　　 n.生态学者;生态保护论者 4.　　　　 adj.适合居住的→　　　　 n.(动植物的)生活环境;栖息地 5.　　　　 vt.维持;遭受;承受住→　　　　 adj.可持续的;合理利用的→　　　　 adv.可持续地 6.　　　　 adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的→　　　　 v.理解;领悟;懂→　　　　 n.理解力;领悟能力
拓 展 词 汇 7.　　　　 adv.频繁地;经常→　　　　 adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的→　　　　 n.频率;频繁 8.　　　　 vt.限制;限定;束缚→　　　　 n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→　　　　 adj.受限制的;受约束的→　　　　 adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的 9.　　　　 adj.和谐的→　　　　 n.协调;和睦;融洽→　　　　 vt.(使)协调;(使)和谐→　　　　 adv.和谐地 10.　　　　 adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 vi.& vt.缓和;使适中→　　　　 adv.适度;一般地→　　　　 n.适度;节制 11.　　　　 vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→　　　　 n.服从;提交(或呈递)的文件;屈服→ 　　　　 adj.顺从的;听话的 12.　　　　 adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→　　　　 adv.一年一次地 13.　　　　 adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→　　　　 n.感觉;意义;判断力 vt.意识到→　　　　 adj.明智的;合理的 14.　　　　 vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→　　　　 n.起源;起因;来历→　　　　 adj.原先的;最早的 n.原件;原作 15.　　　　 n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→　　　　 adj.保守的;因循守旧的→　　　　 vt.节约;保护;保存→　　　　 n.环保主义者 16.　　　　 n.章程;规章制度→　　　　 vt.调节;管理;控制 17.　　　　 n.去掉;清除;处理→　　　　 vt.布置;安排 18.　　　　 n.检查;查看;视察→　　　　 vt.视察;检查→　　　　 n.检查员;(警察)巡官 19.　　　　 vt.忍受;包容;容许→　　　　 adj.容忍的;宽容的→　　　　 n.忍耐力;宽容;容忍
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　与……同样地;除……之外(还) 2.　　　　　　　 对……有影响 3.　　　　　　　 释放……到…… 4.　　　　　　　 被困在;陷入(困境) 5.　　　　　　　　 采取适当的行动 6.　　　　　　　　　　代表(代替)某人 7.　　　　　　　 最终成为;最终处于 8.　　　　　　　 许多;很多 9.　　　　　　　 执行;实施 10.　　　　　　　　 实际上;事实上
重 点 句 型 1.毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。(There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). 2.一位长期研究北极熊的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这头北极熊像是饿死的。(who引导定语从句;appear to have done) An expert 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 said that from the position of its dead body,the bear 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题,导致鱼的种类减少。(现在分词短语作结果状语) These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。(it is believed that...相信……) With these measures,　　　　　　　　　　　 the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
变动词的前缀“en-”集锦:
①courage→encourage鼓励　　　②rich→enrich充实;使丰富　　　③able→enable使能够;使有机会
④title→entitle给……命名 ⑤force→enforce强制执行 ⑥case→encase把……装箱
⑦wrap→enwrap包;裹;围绕 ⑧circle→encircle环绕;包围 ⑨roll→enroll登记;(使)加入
⑩code→encode把……编码 list→enlist征募;(使)入伍 rage→enrage使异常愤怒;激怒
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The 　　　　 (燃料) for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Similar 　　　　 (运动) occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 　　　　 (emit). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One long-term option for 　　　　 (sustain) fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)One of the four 　　　　 (origin) copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from 　　　　 (垃圾;废物). 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)After the coding of all 　　　　 (submission),half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)Any 　　　　 (restriction) established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity 　　　　(遍及全球地). 10.(2025·浙江1月卷)I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less 　　　　 (restrict),they do make better decisions. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring 　　　　 (sense) resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely to 　　　　 (忍受) a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. 13.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Is 　　　　 (comprehend) the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper 14.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walkers are sure to learn lots about the 　　　　 (habitable) and natural world of the Blackstairs. 15.(2024·全国甲卷)What is 　　　　 (moderate) Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs. 16.(2024·全国甲卷)Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique 　　　　 (每年的) celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. 17.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most 　　　　 (frequent),the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” 18.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“　　　　 (ecology) design” is the name John gives to what he does. 19.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,　　　　 with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools. 20.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The researchers then examined these submissions,　　　　 (code) experiences into different categories.
21.(2023·浙江1月卷)These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact 　　　　 everything that’s going on in the landscape... 22.(2023·全国乙卷)Cookery shows and documentaries about food 　　　　 (broadcast) more often than before. 23.(2021·天津3月卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life,seeking a 　　　　 (harmony) relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
①Children 　　　　 of care for a long time are often 　　　　 for warmth,and this emotional “　　　　” needs to be filled with companionship.(starve)
②[建议信]Many students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (缺乏户外实践机会),making it hard to improve their hands-on skills.I suggest our school organise more study trips to enrich students’ experience.
③[演讲稿] 我渴望学好英语,因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
2.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
①Discussion in the seminar is restricted 　　　　 the topic of sustainable energy development.
②[申请信] I promise to restrict myself to 　　　　 (follow) the rules if I get this job.
③[主旨升华] 真正的自由并非毫无限制地生活,而是懂得如何平衡自由与责任。
3.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制;扣押;没收
①[动作描写] The teacher seized Tom 　　　　 the arm when he was about to rush out of the classroom.
②[场景描写] The wind seized the hat 　　　　 the old man and blew it into the river.
③[建议信] I strongly suggest 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (你抓住参加英语演讲比赛的机会)— it will improve your skills a lot.
④[神态描写] 火警响起时,他脸色苍白,突然感到惊慌。
His face turned pale and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 as the fire alarm rang.
与seize用法类似的单词有hit,pat,strike等,构成“动词 + sb+on/in/by + the + 身体部位”结构,表示“敲打某人的身体部位”。on一般接比较硬的身体部位,in接比较软的身体部位,而by一般接身体比较突出的部位。三个介词后面都要用定冠词the,不用物主代词。
4.harmonious adj.和谐的
①In our community,residents live 　　　　,maintaining a 　　　　 relationship with one another,and this 　　　　 has become the most precious treasure of our neighbourhood.(harmony)
②[建议信] I think your study plan should be harmonious 　　　　 your daily schedule—don’t push yourself too hard.
③[演讲稿] Dear friends,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (让我们学会与自然和谐共处),for it’s the home we share.
④[主旨升华] 若人人都学会和谐相处,世界将充满温暖与善意。
5.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
①[演讲稿] Let’s take pride in our hard work,not in the 　　　　 (submit) to challenges—courage matters most.
②[主旨升华] 坚强的人从不屈服于困难,他们会寻找克服困难的方法。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　;they will find ways to overcome them.
③[通知] 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前把申请书和相关资料提交给老师。
Those who are interested in the summer camp must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by 15 May.
6.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许
①A 　　　　 person can 　　　　 different opinions,and such 　　　　 helps build a harmonious community.(tolerate)
②The park can’t tolerate visitors 　　　　 (pick) flowers,so there are signs everywhere to remind them.
③[报道] The community is praised for being tolerant 　　　　 people with disabilities,offering them convenient facilities.
④[主旨升华] 容忍他人不是软弱,而是成熟与善良的象征。
7.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
①[邀请信] 我代表学生会写信邀请您参加我校的艺术节。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I’m writing to invite you to take part in our school’s Art Festival.
②“CEO”代表首席执行官。
“CEO” 　　　　　　　　 Chief Executive Officer.
③[神态描写] 她坚定的眼神代表着自信,让所有人都相信她能完成任务。
Her determined eyes 　　　　　　　　,making everyone believe she can finish the task.
8.There is no/little doubt that ...毫无疑问……
[教材原句] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
①There is some doubt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (运动会是否按计划举行) due to the bad weather.
②[主旨升华] 毫无疑问,善意就像一盏灯,即使在最黑暗的角落也能带来光明。
③[邀请信] 我毫不怀疑这次夏令营会成为你难忘的经历。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 this summer camp will be an unforgettable experience for you.(宾语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 this summer camp will be an unforgettable experience for you.(同位语从句)
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Local officials were concerned ①that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt ②that urgent steps should be taken ③to restore the river’s original beauty.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句中①和②都是that引导的　　　　从句,③是动词不定式短语作
　　　　状语。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:[主旨升华] 我们都知道微小的善举能温暖他人的心,相信我们应该传递这份温暖,以使世界更美好。
We all know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and believe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.release
A.vt.排放;释放　B.vt.发布;公布 　C.vt.发泄;宣泄　D.n.公开;发行;发布
①When the ice melts,it releases trapped carbon dioxide.　　　
②The new album’s release has been delayed until next month.　　　　
③The company plans to release a new electric car model this year.　　　　
④Painting the mural allowed her to release her grief while creating something meaningful.　　　
2.seize
A.vt.抓住;捉住　B.vt.抓住,把握(机会等)　C.vt.扣押;没收　D.vt.(情绪等) 突然侵袭;控制
①A severe headache seized him as he was working.　　　
②She seized the child’s hand to stop him from running into the road.　　　
③Customs officers seized a large quantity of banned things at the airport.　　　
④You must seize the opportunity to study abroad—it won’t come again.　　　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
The fine① weather made us decide to have a picnic,where we enjoyed the fine② wine and fine③ food,savoring every fine④ moment together.
①　　　　天气让我们决定去野餐,在那里我们品尝了②　　　　葡萄酒和③　　　食物,一同享受着每一个④　　　　瞬间。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Here’s the breakdown of the 　　　　 (emission) in 2018 for different modes of transport.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)However,if I need to check the 　　　　 (originate) of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)...we ended 　　　　 almost missing the sunset entirely.
4.(2022·全国乙卷)Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how 　　　　 (frequent) each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
5.Only in this way can we enjoy a 　　　　 (harmony) relationship between parents and children.
6.Proper 　　　　 (dispose) of food waste can reduce environmental pollution.
7.I have read and agreed to all the 　　　　 (regulation) of the volunteer programme.
8.A safety 　　　　 (inspect) will be carried out in all classrooms this Friday.
9.The 　　　　 (submit) of application forms will end at 5 p.m. this Saturday.
10.Our access to the school lab is restricted 　　　　 two hours a week,which is far from enough.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 演讲稿—人与环境—全球变暖
　　我们都知道燃烧化石燃料产生的大量二氧化碳气体加剧了“温室效应”。温室效应给我们的日常生活带来了极大的挑战。请就这一话题,写一篇英语发言稿,谈谈全球变暖的危害,并发表个人看法。
[场景演练]
1.我们都知道,燃烧化石燃料产生的大量二氧化碳气体加剧了“温室效应”。(an amount of,carbon dioxide,fossil fuel)
2.毫无疑问,人类活动导致了全球气候进一步变暖。(There’s no doubt that...)
3.全球变暖导致海平面上升,极端天气和自然灾害频繁发生。(frequent)
4.这些给人们的和谐生活带来了极大的挑战。(harmonious)
5.使情况更糟的是,一些气候学家甚至预言如果不采取有效措施,地球将无法再维系生命。(predict,sustain)
6.幸运的是,许多国家开始制定全面的政策和法律来保护环境。 (comprehensive)
7.与此同时,作为个人,我们应该通过限制日常生活中产生的二氧化碳量来发挥作用。(restrict)
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用主语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第2句用强调句型进行改写升级。
3.将第3句和第4句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
guilty 内疚的 regretful 后悔的 guilt 内疚 regret 后悔 shameful 可耻的;丢脸的 ashamed 感到羞耻的 remorseful 懊悔的;悔恨的 contrite 深感懊悔的;痛悔的 full of guilt 满是愧疚 feel guilty 感到内疚 much to one’s regret 深感遗憾 后悔、 内疚、 自责 with regretful tears in one’s eyes 眼里含着悔恨的泪水 lower/drop/bow one’s head in shame 羞愧地低下了头 tears of regret fill one’s eyes 悔恨的泪水涌上某人的眼眶 to one’s deep shame 令某人深感羞耻的是 to one’s shame 令某人羞愧的是 be ashamed of 为……感到羞耻 with a guilty look 带着愧疚的神情 shed tears of regret 流下后悔的泪水
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) 2.　　　　 n.重大进展;突破 3.　　　　 n.名誉;名声 4.　　　　 vt.购买;采购 n.购买;购买的东西 5.　　　　 n.委托人;当事人;客户 6.　　　　 n.照相术;摄影 7.　　　　 vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送 8.　　　　 adj.主观的 9.　　　　 adj.外表的;外边的;外围的 10.　　　　 adj.喜爱 11.　　　　 adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的 12.　　　　　　n.墨水;墨汁;油墨 13.　　　　 n.画面;框架 vt.给……镶框;陷害;制订;拟订 14.　　　　 n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落 vi.& vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝 15.　　　　 n.花瓶;装饰瓶 16.　　　　 n.加入;进入;参与;参赛作品 17.　　　　 vt.保证;确保;肯定……必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保物 18.　　　　 adj.当代的;现代的;属同时期的 n.同代人;同辈人 19.　　　　 adj.值得……的;有价值的
阅 读 词 汇 1.Christianity　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 2.two-dimensional adj.　　　　　　　 3.dimension n.　　　　　　　 4.noble n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 5.mythology n.　　　　　　　 6.Impressionism n.　　　　　　　 7.sunrise n.　　　　　　　 8.Cubism n.　　　　　　　 9.fine art [also fine arts] 　　　　　　　 10.water lily 　　　　　　　 11.pond n.　　　　　　　 12.arched adj.　　　　　　　 13.arch　　　　vt.& vi.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 14.bride n.　　　　　　　 15.memorial n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 16.animation n.　　　　　　　 17.symphony n.　　　　　　　 18.bronze n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 19.ceramic n.　　　　　　　 20.Buddhist adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 21.Buddhism n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.准确的;精确的→　　　　 adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此→　　　　 n.准确性 2.　　　　 adj.现实的;逼真的→　　　　 n.逼真;现实主义;务实作风→　　　　 n.现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者→　　　　 adj.真实的;真正的→　　　　 adv.实际上;事实上→　　　　 n.现实;事实 3.　　　　 adj.人文主义的→　　　　 n.人性;人道;(统称)人类→　　　　 n.人类;人adj.人的;人本性的 4.　　　　 adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的→　　　　 n.影响;作用;支配力;有影响的人(或事物) vt.影响;对……起作用;支配 5.　　　　 n.地位;级别;行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级;使排成行→　　　　 n.地位,排名 adj.地位高的;高级的 6.　　　　 vi.& vt.出现;浮现;暴露→　　　　 n.出现;显现 7.　　　　 adj.随后的;后来的;之后的→　　　　 adv.随后;后来;之后→　　　　 n.随后;接着(尤指结果、效果) 8.　　　　 n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术→　　　　 n.雕刻家;雕塑家→　　　　 vt.雕刻;雕塑 9.　　　　 adj.视觉的;视力的→　　　　 adv.表面上;外观上→　　　　 vt.使可视化;使看得见;使形象化→　　　　 n.视力;视野;想象 10.　　　　 n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入→　　　　 vt.投资;投入→　　　　 n.投资者;投资机构 11.　　　　 adj.谦逊的;虚心的;卑微的→　　　　 adv.谦逊地;低声下气地→　　　　 n.谦逊;谦虚 12.　　　　 vi.& vt.批评;指责;评价→　　　　 n.批评;指责;评论→　　　　 adj.批评的;重要的;危急的→　　　　 n.批评家;评论家 13.　　　　 adj.典型的;有代表性的n.代表→　　　　 vt.代表;表示;作为……的代言人;描述;描写→　　　　 n.代表;描绘;表现;陈述 14.　　　　 n.展览;展览品;(技能、感情或行为的)表演→　　　　 vt.展览;展出;显示n.展览品;证据→　　　　 n.参展者;参展商 15.　　　　 adj.艺术的;艺术家的→ 　　　　 n.艺术,美术(特指绘画、雕刻、雕塑)→　　　　 n.艺术家;(尤指)画家 16.　　　　 adj.国民的;民用的;民事的→　　　　 n.文明;文明社会→　　　　 vt.教化;开化;使文明→　　　　 adj.文明的;开化的;有礼貌的 17.　　　　 n.承认;认出;赞誉→　　　　 vt.认出;认可;承认;赞赏→　　　　 adj.容易认出的;易于识别的 18.　　　　 n.扩张;扩展;扩大→　　　　 vt.扩大;增加;扩展;详述
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　尤其;特别 2.　　　　　　　 使与众不同;使突出;使优于…… 3.　　　　　　　 集中精力于;全神贯注于 4.　　　　　　　 除……之外;也;还 5.　　　　　　　 喜爱;喜欢 6.　　　　　　　 旨在做;目的是 7.　　　　　　　　　　赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来 8.　　　　　　　　 即将发生(在某人身上);等待着(某人) 9.　　　　　　　 值得 10.　　　　　　　 (表示允许)可以随便做某事
重 点 句 型 1.由于西方艺术风格多种多样,不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。(as引导原因状语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 2.最后,大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。(主语+be+adj.+动词不定式 ) Finally,most clients wanted 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是大自然或日常生活中的场景,但是雷诺阿(1841年—1919年)等其他画家却侧重于人物。(while引导让步状语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,others,such as Renoir(1841-1919),focused on people. 4.唐寅生于明朝,一心想要踏入仕途而不得,因此转而从事绘画。(过去分词作状语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service,so he turned to painting instead. 5.这幅作品呈现了白雪覆盖下的高山、树木和房屋,技法超乎寻常。(现在分词作状语) This painting,　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,was made with extraordinary skill. 6.中国雕塑因此深受经丝绸之路从印度和中亚传来的佛教艺术的影响。(find+宾语+宾语补足语) Chinese sculpture thus 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.
表示“人”的后缀“-ist”集锦:
①art→artist 艺术家;(尤指)画家 ②piano→pianist 钢琴家　　　 　　③violin→violinist 小提琴家
④science→scientist 科学家 ⑤chemistry→chemist 化学家;药剂师 ⑥physics→physicist 物理学家
⑦biology→biologist 生物学家 ⑧geology→geologist 地质学家 ⑨psychology→psychologist 心理学家
⑩type→typist 打字员 journal→journalist 记者;新闻工作者 social→socialist 社会主义者
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass 　　　　 (花瓶) that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)...the 　　　　 (realistic) is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)An 　　　　 (exhibit) at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go... 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a 　　　　 (vision) context. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s 　　　　 well. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (尽管道路安全可能有所改善)in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人)mobility, especially among young children. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)More than once,　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我发现自己想知道) just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well.
8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in 　　　　 (当代的) design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China... 9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)For well over a hundred years the most 　　　　 (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of 　　　　 (photograph) in the wild. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)After I made Italy my 　　　　 (永久的;永恒的) home,I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)They are fond 　　　　 sharing daily experiences. 13.(2024·全国甲卷)From then on,if I wanted to read an ending 　　　　 (guarantee) to be happy,I’d pick up a love romance. 14.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared 　　　　 (human) that go beyond culture and time. 15.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued and respected,no matter my level of 　　　　 (art) ability. 16.(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the centre was the Forbidden City,surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and 　　　　 (外边的;外围的) City. 17.(2023·全国甲卷)It’s the only Thai restaurant that 　　　　 (rank) among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. 18.(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then 　　　　 (frame) each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better. 19.(2023·全国甲卷)Well,when I work,I often concentrate so much 　　　　 what I’m doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly. 20.(2023·全国乙卷)And it was interesting to say that a kid made his 　　　　 (重大进展;突破) already at the age of 10.And that was me. 21.(2022·全国甲卷)In the experiment,Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual 　　　　 (recognise) alone. 22.(2022·全国乙卷)They could do 　　　　 (precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. 23.(2021·天津3月卷)These 　　　　 (expansion) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.influential adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
①[通知] An 　　　　 (influence) scientist will give a talk on environmental protection.All students are welcome to attend.
②[演讲稿] We can all influence each other 　　　　　　　　 (be) kinder—a simple smile or a helping hand can make a difference.
③[报道] The student’s invention,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(对人们的日常生活有重大影响),won first prize in the competition.
2.convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送
①[建议信] A handwritten note can better convey your sincerity 　　　　 a friend who’s feeling down.
②[邀请信] 我写信是为了向你表达最诚挚的祝愿,并邀请你这周末参加我的生日聚会。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and invite you to my birthday party this weekend.
③[通知] 校车将把学生从大门运送到体育场参加开幕式。
The school bus will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for the opening ceremony.
convey 常指通过媒介传递、输送;也表示交流、传达信息、情感等。
carry 常表示移动时搬运着某物,或指随身携带。
transport 往往是长距离的运送或运输,常指交通运输。
3.decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落 vi.& vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝
①[建议信] Don’t decline 　　　　 (ask) for help when you’re stuck;teachers are always willing to support you.
②[报道] Sales of DVDs are 　　　　 the decline because of the increasing popularity of streaming platforms.
③The company’s profits declined 　　　　 15% last year,from $2 million 　　　　 $1.7 million.
4.guarantee vt.保证;确保;肯定……必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保物
①[场景描写] The sunny weather 　　　　 (guarantee) to make the picnic enjoyable.
②[演讲稿] Hard work is guaranteed 　　　　 (bring) you closer to your dreams.
③[动作描写] 他拍了拍我的肩膀,保证会支持我。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he would support me.
5.worthy adj.值得……的;有价值的
①[主旨升华] Persevering through difficulties is 　　　　 (good) worth doing,as it builds strength and leads to growth.
②[建议信] 中国长城是举世闻名的建筑,值得一游。
→The Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction,　　　　　　　　　　　　.(be worthy of+n.)
→The Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(be worthy of being done/to be done)
→The Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction,　　　　　　　　　　　　.(be worth doing)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction.(It is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth)
6.in particular尤其;特别
①In the application form,you’re required to 　　　　　　　　　　　　(详细叙述) about your volunteer experiences.
②[邀请信] Our festival will have many activities,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (尤其是一场现场音乐表演).We’d love you to join!
③[动作描写] He frowning,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (对画的颜色很挑剔).It is clear that he wasn’t satisfied.
④[主旨升华] 生活的美好不在于完美,而在于每个瞬间所特有的细节。
Life’s beauty lies not in perfection,but in 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
7.set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
[人物介绍] 李先生热衷于环境保护事业,这使得他与众不同。除了从事多年的志愿者工作之外,他现在正着手建立一个非营利性组织来保护海洋环境。
Mr Li is devoted to environmental protection,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　 being a volunteer for many years,now he is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 a non-profit organisation to protect marine environment.
8.bring...to life 赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来
①[倡议信] It’s important to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(过健康的生活) by exercising regularly and eating well.
②[动作描写] 那只一直躺着不动的小狗,看到球后变得活跃起来,跳起来摇着尾巴。
The puppy,which had been lying still,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when it saw the ball,jumping up and wagging its tail.
③[主旨升华] 善意能给生活带来温暖,让世界变成一个更宜居的地方。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,making the world a better place to live.
9.主语+be+adj.+动词不定式
[教材原句] Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
最后,大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。
①[推荐信] Classic literature remains interesting 　　　　 (read) with each life stage offering new insights.
②[推荐信] 热带海滩在气候温和的冬季游览起来是令人愉悦的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in winter when the weather is mild.
③[求助信] 我在英语学习中的主要问题是很难记住单词。
The main problem in my English study is that 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①As there have been so many different styles of Western art,②it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句,主句为it is impossible to describe them all in a short text。句中①为as引导的　　　　从句,从句中含有一个　　　　结构的句子,②为it作　　　　主语,
　　　　　　　　作真正主语。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:由于有如此多的在线课程可供选择,人们在家学习很方便。
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.decline
A.vi.减少;下降;衰弱;衰退　B.vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝　C.n.减少;下降;衰落
①Sales of whole milk declined by 4% in the first quarter.　　　　
②Some scholars worry about the decline of traditional crafts in modern society.　　　　
③The manager declined our request for a meeting.　　　
2.exhibition
A.n.展览;展出　B.n.展览品　C.n.表现,显示,表演
①The annual art exhibition will be held at the city gallery next month.　　　　
②Her exhibition of courage during the crisis inspired everyone around her.　　　
③The exhibition includes three paintings by
Picasso and a collection of ancient vases.　　　　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.　　　　　　　
②(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.　　　　　　　
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It should give you a 　　　　 (precision) definition of each word,thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published 　　　　(art).
3.(2022·全国乙卷)Selected from collections throughout the world,it is the first major 　　　　 (exhibit) of his work to be held in over forty years.
4.The man was praised for his courage and 　　　　 (human).
5.Apart 　　　　 studying textbooks,you should also read more extracurricular books to broaden your horizons.
6.I know you’re fond 　　　　 traditional music.We’re holding a folk concert this weekend—would you like to come
7.Every small act of kindness,from helping a classmate to picking up litter,is worthy 　　　　 our respect—it builds a better community.
8.When the teacher announced her award,her eyes lit up with joy—pride in earning 　　　　 (recognise) made her smile bright.
9.The park,after years of 　　　　 (invest),now has colourful flowers,tall trees,and a small lake.
10.A survey shows that 60% of students are particular 　　　　 the quality of school meals,not just the taste.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 应用文—介绍信—介绍一次参加画展的经历
假设你是李华,最近参观了博物馆举办的画展,你的外国朋友Daniel对此很感兴趣,写信向你咨询细节,请你写一封回信。
内容包括:1.活动亮点;2.观展感受。
[场景演练]
1.收到你询问我所参观的画展的来信,我非常激动。(exhibition)
2.画展展出了 150 多件作品,包括各个时期的代表作。(representative)
3.那些有影响力的艺术家的突破性作品的展出,使它有别于其他展览。(influential,breakthrough,set...apart from)
4.他们精准的笔触和独特的风格确实让每个场景都栩栩如生。(precise,bring...to life)
5.尤其值得一提的是,现代展区给我留下了深刻印象。其大胆的艺术表达体现了文化的多样性。(in particular,artistic)
6.难怪这个画展获得了广泛的认可。(recognition)
7.这次经历加深了我对艺术的热爱。
8.这个画展确实值得一看,我保证你也会被吸引。如果你来,我很乐意再陪你去一次!(be worthy of,guarantee)
[句式升级]
1.将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第3句和第4句用what引导的主语从句和whose引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写
升级。
3.将第5句用with复合结构进行改写升级。
4.将第8句用so...that...引导的结果状语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
我举起那个碎了的花瓶时,汤姆立刻低下了头。他尴尬地笑着,脸上渐渐露出惭愧的神情。他垂下眼睛,盯着自己的脚。由于被羞愧和尴尬淹没,他的脸一阵发烫。这可怜的孩子看上去既羞愧又内疚,我的怒气也消了。“我……我不是故意的,”他嘟囔着,他的声音因尴尬而颤抖。
When I held up the broken vase,Tom ①　　　　　　　　　　　　 instantly.
He ②　　　　　　　　,and ③　　　　　　　　　　　　 spread over his face.
He ④　　　　　　　　　　　　,⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Because he ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,⑦　　　　　　　　　　　.
The poor boy looked so ⑧　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that my anger faded.
“I...I didn’t mean it,” he mumbled and his voice ⑨　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.folk　　　　adj.民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的 2.dawn n.黎明;开端;萌芽 3.butterfly n.蝴蝶 4.amateur n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的;业余爱好的 5.tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄 6.delicate adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的 7.await vt.等候;期待;将发生在 8.revolve vi.旋转;环绕;转动 9.shelf n.(pl.shelves) 架子;搁板 10.core n.核心;精髓;(水果的)核儿 11.era n.时代;年代;纪元 12.sow vt.& vi.(sowed,sown or sowed) 播种;种 13.seed　　　　n.种子;起源;萌芽 14.deadline n.最后期限;截止日期 15.polish vt.修改;润色;抛光 n.上光剂;抛光;擦亮 16.string n.细绳;线;一串 vt.(strung,strung) 悬挂;系 adj.弦乐器的;线织的 17.wherever conj.在任何地方;在所有……的情况下 adv.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里 18.prejudice n.偏见;成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见
阅 读 词 汇 1.nursery　　　　adj.幼儿教育的 n.托儿所;保育室 2.mockingbird n.嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽,能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫) 3.diamond n.钻石;金刚石;菱形 4.brass n.黄铜;黄铜制品;铜管乐器 5.bull n.公牛 6.bee n.蜜蜂 7.dewdrop n.露珠;水珠 8.clover n.三叶草 9.lawn n.草坪;草地 10.cinquain n.五行诗 11.haiku n.俳句 12.syllable　　　　n.音节 13.format n.格式;总体安排;(出版物的)版式 vt.格式化 14.blossom n.花朵;花簇 15.cherry n.樱桃;樱桃树;樱桃色 adj.樱桃色的;鲜红色的 16.verse n.诗;韵文;诗节 17.civilian n.平民;老百姓 18.prose n.散文 19.version n.版本;(从不同角度的)说法 20.sonnet n.十四行诗 21.barren adj.贫瘠的;不结果实的
拓 展 词 汇 1.drama n.戏;剧;戏剧艺术→dramatic adj.戏剧(性)的;突然的→dramatically adv.突然;戏剧性地 2.sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事vi.感到悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲伤的 3.imagery n.形象的描述;意象;像→image n.形象;印象;画像;意象→imagine vt.想象;猜测;认为→imagination n.想象力;幻想物;创造力 4.literary adj.文学的;爱好文学的;有文学作品特征的→literature n.文学;文学作品;文献 5.rhyme n.押韵词;押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵→rhythm n.节奏;韵律;规律 6.recite vt.背诵;吟诵;列举→recitation n.朗诵;朗读;逐一列举→reciter n.朗诵者;背诵者 7.mood n.情绪;心情;语气→moody adj.情绪多变的;喜怒无常的;感伤的
拓 展 词 汇 8.respective adj.分别的;各自的→respectively adv.分别;各自;依次为 9.utter vt.出声;说;讲 adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的→utterly adv.完全地;彻底地→utterance n.说话;言论 prehension n.理解力;领悟力;理解练习→comprehend vt.理解;领悟;懂→comprehensive adj.全部的;详尽的;综合性的→comprehensively adv.完全地;彻底地 11.blank adj.空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的 n.空白;空格→blankly adv.茫然地;毫无表情地→blankness n.空白;空虚 12.sympathy n.同情;赞同→sympathetic adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的→sympathetically adv.悲怜地,怜悯地;富有同情心地 13.innocence n.天真;单纯;无罪→innocent adj.天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的→innocently adv.天真地;纯洁地;无罪地 14.correspond vi.相一致;符合;相当于;通信→ correspondence n.来往信件;通信联系→corresponding adj.符合的;相应的;一致的 15.dominant adj.首要的;占支配地位的;显著的→dominance n.优势;支配地位;显著→dominate vt.支配;控制;高耸于;(在比赛中)占有优势 16.contest n.比赛;竞赛;竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩→contestant n.比赛者;竞争者 17.grief n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事→grieve vi.& vt.悲伤,悲痛,伤心 plicated adj.复杂的;难懂的→complicate vt.使复杂化 19.variation n.变化;变体;变奏曲→vary vi.变化;不同→various adj.不同的;各种各样的→variety n.多样性;变化 20.racial adj.种族的;人种的→race n.人种;民族;种族;赛跑;竞争 vt.参加比赛;快速运转→racism n.种族主义;种族偏见;种族歧视→racist n.种族主义者
重 点 词 块 1.to the point　　　　　简明恰当;简洁中肯 2.make sense 讲得通;有意义 3.be made up of 由……组成(构成) 4.consist of 包括;由……组成(构成) 5.in particular 尤其;特别 6.transform ...into ... 把……转变成…… 7.keep up　　　　　　　坚持;继续;保持 8.seek for 寻找;探索;追求 9.keep up with 跟上;赶上;与(某人)保持联系 10.take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 11.be based on 以……为基础
重 点 句 型 1.人们写诗的原因多种多样。(why引导定语从句) There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 2.通过玩童谣中的文字游戏,孩子们学习了语言。(by doing...) By playing with the words in nursery rhymes,children learn about language. 3.有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择,你可能最终想自己写几首诗。(with复合结构) With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. 4.原因是他们能够感受到爱的温暖,享受到童年的天真。(that引导表语从句) The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood. 5.(你)总是应该大声朗读诗歌,因为那是你能听到词汇之美的时候。(when引导表语从句) Poetry should always be read aloud,as that is when you can hear the music of the words.
表示否定/相反意义的前缀“il-”集锦:
①legal→illegal不合法的;非法的　　　　　　　　②logical→illogical不合逻辑的
③literate→illiterate不识字的;文盲的 ④limitable→illimitable无限的
⑤liberal→illiberal不开明的;狭隘的 ⑥loyal→illoyal不忠诚的;背叛的
⑦legible→illegible难以辨认的,字迹模糊的 ⑧legitimate→illegitimate非法的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood (情绪;心情) and how we think. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Also,could I remind you that the deadline (截止日期) for submission is this Saturday,June 14th 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy (同情;赞同) instead. 4.(2025·浙江1月卷)The stereotypes commonly associated with men,such as competitiveness and dominance (dominant),are more valued than those associated with women. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)With human inputs dramatically (dramatic) reduced,the garden’s ecology can develop well. 6.(2024·全国甲卷)From webs to cocoons,invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate (精美的) and beautiful designs. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By connecting (connect) through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored. 8.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)When I was in middle school,my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest (比赛;竞赛). 9.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In this “book of books”,artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasises these connections between different eras (era) and cultures. 10.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds (seed) to start their own vegetable gardens. 11.(2023·浙江1月卷)It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings (string) them together. 12.(2023·全国甲卷)Skilled at putting up shelves (shelf) and piecing together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)The bees,butterflies (butterfly) and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps. 14.(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation (vary). 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of 16.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank (空白的) space. 17.(2022·全国甲卷)Yes,I remember these things.This was when I was between ten and fifteen (在我十岁到十五岁之间的时候). 18.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)One reason is that (一个原因是) most people are not even aware of their mispronunciations. 19.(2021·全国乙卷)I knew my lines,but I was terrified to have to recite (背诵) them in front of an audience. 20.(2021·全国乙卷)That said,to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents,to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone. 21.(2021·天津3月卷)The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary (imagine) world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
①[建议信]I suggest you talk to your parents to ease your sorrow at/over/for the failed exam.
②[神态描写]Her eyes were red and her face wore a sorrowful (sorrow) look,telling everyone she’d cried.
③[动作描写]他悲伤地坐着,手指摸着朋友的旧照片,微微颤抖。
He sat in sorrow,fingers trembling as he touched the old photo of his friend.
④[主旨升华]令我们悲伤的是,生活充满离别,但它们教会我们珍惜所拥有的。
To our sorrow,life is full of partings,but they teach us to cherish what we have.
2.mood n.情绪;心情;语气
①[建议信]If you’re in a bad mood,I suggest taking a walk in a park—nature always helps lift spirits.
②[求助信]I’m in no mood to study (study) these days,and I wonder if you could share how you deal with stress.
③[神态描写]His moody (mood) look—frowning one minute,staring blankly the next—made us all confused.
④[演讲稿]让我们带着微笑开始每一天:心情好不仅对自己有益,还能温暖他人。
Let’s start each day with a smile—being in a good mood not only helps ourselves but also warms others.
3.sympathy n.同情;赞同
①When she heard about his loss,her sympathetic eyes showed deep sympathy,and she patted his shoulder sympathetically,saying,“I’m here for you.” (sympathy)
②[动作描写]出于对受伤小鸟的同情,她轻轻地捧起它,用软布裹了起来。
Out of sympathy for the injured bird,she picked it up gently,wrapping it in a soft cloth.
③[演讲稿]要建设有爱心的班级,我们应当体谅遇到困难的同学,对他们的困境表示同情,并积极地帮助他们。
To build a caring class,we should be/feel sympathetic to/towards classmates in trouble,show sympathy for their hardships,and actively help them.
4.correspond vi.相一致;符合;相当于;通信
①Her recent emails,part of our long correspondence,show that her actions now correspond with her promises,and the corresponding changes in her behaviour have impressed everyone.(correspond)
②[建议信]If you want to improve your writing,try to correspond with foreign exchange students—talking with them in letters will make your skills grow.
③事实上我们所有人都渴望成功,但是有时候我们的行动与我们想要实现的目标不一致。
→Actually all of us desire for success,but sometimes our actions don’t correspond with/to what we desire to achieve.(correspond)
→Actually all of us are eager for success,but sometimes our actions aren’t in correspondence with what we desire to achieve.(correspondence)
5.be made up of由……组成(构成)
①[求助信]我不理解化学实验步骤,担心赶不上实验室的截止日期。课后你能给我讲讲吗
I can’t make out the chemistry experiment steps,and I’m afraid I won’t make it to the lab deadline.Could you explain them to me after class
②[主旨升华]人生是一段旅程,我们下定决心追逐目标,利用每一刻时光,用勇气弥补过失,最终会明白:每一份努力,哪怕微小,都是有意义的,它会帮我们渡过难关,不断成长。
Life is a journey where we make up our minds to chase goals,make use of every moment,make up for missteps with courage,and finally realise that every effort—even the small ones—makes sense,helping us make it through and grow.
6.why引导定语从句
[教材原句] There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人们写诗的原因多种多样。
①[申请信]我申请加入学生会的原因是我想服务同学,提升领导力。我相信我的热情和能力适合这个岗位。
The reason why I apply for the Students’ Union is that I want to serve classmates and improve my leadership.I believe my enthusiasm and skills fit the position.
②[动作描写]他一路跑向教室。这是因为他不想重要考试迟到。
He ran all the way to the classroom.This was because he didn’t want to be late for the important exam.
③[演讲稿]知识改变生活、创造可能。这就是我们该珍惜每一个学习机会的原因。
Knowledge changes lives and creates possibilities.This is the reason why we should cherish every study opportunity.
④[主旨升华]成长源于面对挑战并从中学习。这就是每个困难都是迈向更好自我的一步的原因。
Growth comes from facing challenges and learning from them.This is why every difficulty is a step towards a better self.
注意区别以下句式结构:
①“That/This is because...”,意为“那/这是因为……”,because引导的表语从句表示原因。
②“That/This is why...”,意为“那/这就是……的原因”,why引导的表语从句表示结果。
③“The reason why...is/was that...”,意为“……的原因是……”,表语从句常用that引导,而不用because。
④“This is the reason why...”,意为“这就是……的原因”。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”,①which contains a list of things,people,
ideas,or descriptions ②that develop a particular theme.
尝试分析:本句是一个复合句。主句是One of ... poem is the “list poem”。句中①为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰the “list poem”;②为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词things,people,ideas,or descriptions。
自主翻译:“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一,它(一般)包含一份有关事物、人物、想法或描述性内容的清单,形成一个特定主题。
情境仿写:本月令人兴奋的活动之一是“文化节”,它设有传统表演、创意工作坊、国际美食摊位或演出,这些内容旨在庆祝文化多样性。
One of the exciting events this month is “Culture Festival”,which offers traditional shows,creative workshops,international food stalls or performances that celebrate cultural diversity.
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.blank
A.adj.空白的　　B.n.空白处;空格 C.adj.没表情的 D.v.突然忘掉
①Sign your name in the blank below.　B　
②Hearing the news,my mind went blank.　A　
③In fact I knew the answer,but I totally blanked during the test.　D　
④The teacher could tell by the blank look on Mary’s face that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.　C　
2.contest
A.v.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)　B.v.争辩;就……提出异议　C.n.比赛;竞赛　D.n.(控制权或权力的)争夺,竞争
①She decided to enter the cooking contest to show her skills.　C　
②The two teams will contest the championship in the final match.　A　
③He plans to contest the election result in court.　B　
④The contest for the company’s CEO position is getting fierce.　D　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
The delicate① vase,with its delicate② patterns,requires delicate③ handling.It’s a delicate④ matter to determine its value,as such delicate⑤ craftsmanship is rare today.
这个①易碎的花瓶,有着②精致的图案,需要③小心翼翼地搬运。确定它的价值是件④棘手的事,因为如此⑤精湛的工艺在如今并不常见。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In the wrong hands,such a book could prove as complicated (complicate) to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI...
2.(2022·全国乙卷)The results were clear:Our young subjects comprehended (comprehend) the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic (sympathy) to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic (drama) roles.
5.(2021·天津3月卷)It requires creativity on the part of the technologist,imagination (imagine),a lot of patience and kindness.
6.These films can help foreign friends better understand this land—Chinese literature (literary),geography,history,food and so on.
7.Only when what you do corresponds with/to what you say can you make better relationships with others.
8.The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have trouble communicating with their parents.
9.Morning mist transformed the quiet valley into a mysterious world.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 告知信—传统文化—唐诗
　　假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Wendy非常喜欢中国文化,她给你写信想了解唐诗。请你根据下列要点给她写一封回信,对唐诗加以介绍。
[场景演练]
1.我很高兴知道你喜欢唐诗。许多人喜欢吟诵唐诗,因为它们十分押韵。(recite,rhyme)
I’m so glad to know you are fond of Tang poems.Many people prefer to recite Tang poems because they rhyme very well.
2.一般来说,大多数唐诗由4到8行组成,每行有5或7个字。(be made up of)
Generally speaking,most Tang poems are made up of 4 to 8 lines and there are 5 or 7 words in each line.
3.唐代诗人写诗有不同的目的。例如,一些人揭露社会的黑暗,而另一些人则抒发个人情感及人生追求。(while)
Tang poets wrote poems for different purposes.For example,some exposed the darkness of the society while others expressed their personal feelings and life pursuit.
4.每当我们读唐诗时,我们仿佛置身于诗人所生活的那个时代。(whenever,era)
Whenever we read Tang poems,it seems as if we were exposed to the era the poets lived in.
5.李白是我最喜欢的诗人。他生活在中国诗歌的黄金时代,以其丰富的想象力和作品中生动的意象闻名于世。(imagery)
Li Bai is my favourite poet.He lived in the golden era of Chinese poetry and he was best known for his rich imagination and vivid imagery of his works.
6.只有亲身体验,我们才能与诗人的想法一致,从而掌握唐诗的精神。(correspond with)
We can correspond with what the poets thought and master the spirits of Tang poems only through personal experience.
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用with复合结构进行改写升级。
Generally speaking,most Tang poems are made up of 4 to 8 lines,with 5 or 7 words in each line.
2.将第5句用定语从句和过去分词作状语进行改写升级。
Li Bai is my favourite poet,who lived in the golden era of Chinese poetry,best known for his rich imagination and vivid imagery of his works.
3.将第6句用“only+介词短语”结构进行改写升级。
Only through personal experience can we correspond with what the poets thought and master the spirits of Tang poems.
[连句成篇]
Dear Wendy,
I’m so glad to know you are fond of Tang poems.Many people prefer to recite Tang poems because they rhyme very well.
Generally speaking,most Tang poems are made up of 4 to 8 lines,with 5 or 7 words in each line.Tang poets wrote poems for different purposes.For example,some exposed the darkness of the society while others expressed their personal feelings and life pursuit.Whenever we read Tang poems,it seems as if we were exposed to the era the poets lived in.Li Bai is my favourite poet,who lived in the golden era of Chinese poetry,best known for his rich imagination and vivid imagery of his works.
Only through personal experience can we correspond with what the poets thought and master the spirits of Tang poems.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
要求:请根据P240的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
　　Standing frozen in the living room,Lisa realised the weight of her mistake the moment she heard the vase shatter.Lisa stood there,①with a guilty look appearing on her face (with复合结构) as she fixed her eyes on the broken vase.To her deep shame,she had lied to her mum about who did it,and now the truth pressed on her heart like a stone.She bowed her head in shame,②afraid to look into her mum’s eyes (形容词短语作状语).Suddenly,③so guilty did she feel (倒装句) for hurting the person who loved her most that tears of regret filled her eyes.“I’m sorry,” she murmured,④regretful tears rolling down her cheeks (独立主格结构),⑤knowing she could never take back the lie (现在分词短语作状语).⑥It was her mum’s soft smile that (强调句) made her even more ashamed of her silly mistake,and she vowed to never let such a thing happen again.⑦Healing wasn’t the vase,but in truth—love grows when we fix wrongs.“I promise I will be honest from now on,” she whispered,her voice trembling yet firm.Her mother gently patted her shoulder,and a wave of warmth dissolved the guilt within her.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.abuse　　　n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 2.cue n.提示;暗示;信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示) 3.negative adj.消极的;有害的;否定的 4.discipline n.自制力;纪律;学科;行为准则 vt.自我控制;严格要求;管教;处罚 5.delete　　　　　v.删去;删除 6.shave vi.,vt.& n.剃(须发);刮脸 7.skip vt.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n.蹦跳 8.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的 9.skateboard n.滑板 vi.滑滑板
阅 读 词 汇 1.tobacco　　　　n.烟草;烟叶 2.alcohol n.酒;酒精 3.escalator n.自动扶梯;滚梯 4.pill n.药丸;药片 5.beard n.胡须;络腮胡子 6.cigarette n.香烟;卷烟 7.drug　　　　n.毒品;药物 8.flu n.流感 9.dentist n.牙科医生 10.nut n.坚果 11.bowling n.保龄球运动 12.comedy n.喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目
拓 展 词 汇 1.physical adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的→physically adv.身体上(地);根本上→physics n.物理学→physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→physicist n.物理学家;物理学研究者 2.dominate vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势→dominant adj.占优势的;显著的→domination n.控制;支配 3.repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复(说或写);重复发生→repeated adj.重复的;反复发生的→repetition n.重复 4.psychology n.心理学;心理;心理影响→psychological adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的→psychologically adv.心理上地;心理学地→psychologist n.心理学家;心理学研究者 5.reward n.回报;奖励;报酬vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬→rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的;有意义的 6.rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖→reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的→reliably adv.可靠地;确实地→reliability n.可靠性 7.facilitate vt.促进;促使;使便利→facilitation n.增强;促进→facilitator n.引导者;促进(或推动)……的事物 8.examine vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验→examination n.考试;(仔细的)检查;审查→examinee n.应试人;参加考试者→examiner n.审查人;主考人 9.pessimistic adj.悲观的;悲观主义的→pessimism n.悲观→pessimist n.悲观主义者 pose vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写→composition n.作文;作曲;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品;构成→composer n.(尤指古典音乐的)创作者;作曲者;作曲家 11.surgeon n.外科医生→surgery n.外科手术;外科学 12.liberation n.解放;摆脱→liberate vt.解放;使自由;使摆脱约束(或限制)→liberated adj.解放的;开放的 13.disturb vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼→disturbed adj.心神不安的;烦恼的→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→disturbance n.(受)打扰,干扰;骚乱;骚动;失调
拓 展 词 汇 14.specialist n.专科医生;专家→special adj.特别的;重要的;特设的→specialise vi.专门研究(或从事);专攻→specially adv.特别;专门地 15.consultant n.顾问;高级顾问医师→consult vt.咨询;请教;(与某人)商议;查阅→consultation n.咨询;商讨;查阅 16.stimulate vt.激发;促进;刺激→stimulation n.刺激;激励;鼓舞→stimulating adj.激励人的;增加活力的 17.sugary adj.含糖的;甜的→sugar n.糖;食糖→sugarless adj.不含糖的;无糖的 18.dynamic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的→dynamically adv.动态地;充满活力地;不断变化地 19.monthly adv.& adj.每月;每月一次的n.月刊→month n.月;一个月的时间 20.enhance vt.提高;增强;增进→enhancement n.提高;增加;增强 21.refresh vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新→refreshment n.饮料;恢复活力;焕发精神→refreshed adj.精神焕发的;神清气爽的→refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的;使人凉爽的;使人精力充沛的 22.absorb vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收;使专心→absorbed adj.被……吸引住的;专心致志的;全神贯注的→absorbing adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的→absorption n.吸收;并入;专心致志
重 点 词 块 1.in response to　　　　回答;答复 2.rely on 依赖;依靠;信赖 3.aside from 除……之外 4.straight away 立即;马上 5.after all 毕竟;终究 6.decide on 决定;选定 7.make up one’s mind　下定决心 8.be composed of 由……组成(或构成)的 9.shave off 剃掉;刮去 10.stressed out 焦虑不安;心力交瘁 11.worn out 筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
重 点 句 型 1.如果任其发展,那么在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。(if+省略结构) These bad habits,if left unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 2.因此,当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素),我们可以听几首自己最喜欢的音乐(惯常行为),而不是吃零食,这会使我们感到放松(回报)。(which引导非限制性定语从句) So,when we feel unhappy again (cue),rather than eat snacks,we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine),which will make us feel relaxed (reward). 3.每次和朋友们出去时,我都会从家里带零食,也就是没有添加任何糖分的东西:水果、坚果、肉干等。(whenever引导时间状语从句;that引导定语从句) Whenever I went out with friends,I brought snacks from home,things that didn't have any added sugar: fruit,nuts,dried meat,etc. 4.不和我的朋友们一起玩网络游戏是一件十分困难的事情,因为我沉迷其中。(it作形式主语;as引导原因状语从句) It was a big struggle not to join my friends in playing online games as I'm mad for them.
表示“人”的后缀“-ant/-ian”集锦:
①history→historian历史学家　　②music→musician音乐家　　　③magic→magician魔术师
④library→librarian图书管理员 ⑤comedy→comedian喜剧演员 ⑥Asia→Asian 亚洲人
⑦politics→politician政治家 ⑧assist→assistant 助手 ⑨account→accountant 会计
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that/which broadened my view and touched my heart. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)It’s estimated(据估算) that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)Well you had a lot of sugary(sugar) foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices... 6.(2025·浙江1月卷)It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative(消极的;有害的) impact. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding(reward) experience. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping(skip) major holidays or rush hour. 9.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable (rely) weekly supply of fresh greens. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing(absorb) new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 11.(2024·全国甲卷)For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the dominant (dominate) response. 13.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Whenever I tell people(无论何时我告诉人们) that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look. 14.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition (repeat). 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Or do you just want to be physically (physical) fit,able to move with strength and flexibility 16.(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist (special). 17.(2022·全国乙卷)The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter. 18.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed (refresh)! 19.(2021·全国乙卷)Since the effects were small,this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 20.(2021·全国乙卷)I’ve been very dizzy (头晕目眩的) lately.And last night,I had some chest pain. 21.(2021·天津3月卷)During the examination (exam) children don’t move.It works perfectly. 22.(2021·天津6月卷)Back in 1978,I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning,teaching freshmen composition (compose). 23.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)When he was 16,Molai began to notice something disturbing (disturb) happening around his home.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.reward n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
①[建议信] Volunteering at the animal shelter is rewarding (reward).It not only helps animals but also teaches you responsibility.
②[神态描写] The teacher smiled and rewarded him with a nod for his clever answer—his eyes lit up with joy.
③[感谢信]我很乐意带你游玩西湖,以报答你的慷慨相助。
→I’m more than willing to show you around the West Lake in reward for your generous help.(in reward for)
→I’m more than pleased to show you around the West Lake,rewarding you for your generous help.(现在分词短语作状语)
→I’m very glad to reward you with the trip to the West Lake for your generous help.(reward sb with sth)
2.rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖
①[演讲稿] We don’t just rely on/upon our teachers’ knowledge—we need their reliable (rely) guidance to light up our paths.
②[通知] The school bus will reliably (reliable) depart at 7:30 a.m.,so please arrive at the stop 10 minutes early.
③[心理描写] 她相信父母会理解她的选择,所以内心很平静。
She relied on/upon it that her parents would understand her choice,so she felt at peace.
④[动作描写]小男孩紧紧抓着爸爸的手,显然是在依靠他穿过拥挤的街道。
→The little boy held his father’s hand tightly,clearly relying on/upon him to cross the crowded street.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)
→The little boy held his father’s hand tightly,clearly relying on/upon him/his crossing the crowded street.(rely on/upon sb/sb’s doing sth)
3.compose vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写
①[人物描写]The famous composer spent three years composing a symphony,and his composition won the international music award.(compose)
②[动作描写] 在回答老师的问题前,他停顿了一下,让自己平静下来。
He paused to compose himself before answering the teacher’s question.
③[演讲稿] 成功并非偶然,它由努力、坚持和机遇组成。让我们为梦想全力以赴!
Success is not accidental; it is composed of effort,persistence,and opportunity.Let’s go all out for our dreams!
be made up of,be composed of 和consist of都表示“由……组成(或构成)”,但是consist of 只能用于主动语态,不可用于被动语态。
4.disturb vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼
①The disturbing noise from the disturbance in the street disturbed the old man,making him feel disturbed all night.(disturb)
②[神态描写]她眉头紧锁,显然对刚刚听到的消息感到不安。
Her frown showed that she was disturbed by/about/at the news she’d just heard.
③[求助信]我很不安地发现自己无法集中精力学习,你能给我一些建议吗
I’m disturbed to find that I can’t concentrate on studying.Could you give me some advice
5.in response to 回答;答复
①[演讲稿]The value of life lies not in how much applause we get,but in our warm response (respond) to the world.
②[动作描写] He didn’t speak but responded by nodding slightly to his father’s instructions.
③[主旨升华] 真正的文明,在于对他人的困境作出善意回应,对社会的需求作出积极行动。
True civilisation lies in responding to others’ difficulties with kindness and to society’s needs with positive actions.
④[通知]为响应“绿色出行”倡议,本周六将组织校园骑行活动。
→In response to the “green travel” initiative,a campus cycling activity will be held this Saturday.(response)
→To respond to the “green travel” initiative,a campus cycling activity will be held this Saturday.(respond)
6.make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下定决心(做某事)
①[主旨升华]We should bear/keep in mind that(我们应该记住) the value of life lies not in speed but direction,not in perfection but persistence—that is the true meaning of growth.
②[主旨升华] 人生路上,我们会多次改变主意,但重要的是坚守我们的初心;无数的想法会进入我们的脑海,但关键是专注于真正重要的事。
On the life journey,we’ll change our minds many times,but what matters is keeping our original heart; countless ideas will come into our minds,but the key is fixing our minds on/upon what truly matters.
③[心理描写] 这首老歌让我想起了快乐的童年。
The old song brought/called happy childhood to my mind.
make up one’s mind中的名词mind有数的变化,根据one’s的单复数来确定mind的单复数。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句]①As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices,I started to analyse my choices,especially ②what I did to relax and ③how it was affecting my whole life.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。①是由as引导的时间状语从句,②是由what引导的宾语从句,③是由how引导的宾语从句。
自主翻译:自从参加了有关个人生活选择的夏令营后,我开始分析自己的选择,尤其是我做了些什么来放松自己,以及它是如何影响我的整个生活的。
情境仿写:[主旨升华] 当我们在挑战和失败中成长时,我们获得了真正的智慧,尤其是每一次经历教会了我们什么,以及它是如何把我们塑造成更强大、更有韧性的人的。
As we grow through challenges and failures,we gain true wisdom,especially what each experience teaches us and how it shapes us into stronger and more resilient people.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.adj.客观存在的
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.adj.被……吸引住的
③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding experiences into different categories.vt.测验
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
(1)I skip① the breakfast to save time,then skip② the crowded main road by taking a side street.Along the way,I see kids skip③ over puddles laughing,and I know I can’t skip④ stopping to enjoy such a lively morning.
为了省时间,我会①跳过早餐,接着走小路来②避开拥挤的主干道。路上,我看到孩子们笑着③蹦蹦跳跳地走过水洼,我知道自己不能④错过停下来享受这充满活力的早晨的机会。
(2)To manage any team,one must first develop discipline① to follow basic discipline②;it’s necessary to discipline③ oneself strictly,and sometimes even discipline④ those who break the rules to maintain order.
要管理任何一个团队,一个人首先必须培养①自制力以遵守基本的②行为准则;③严格要求自己是必要的,有时甚至需要④管教那些违规者来维持秩序。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical (physics) activity into their lives.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption (absorb),reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
3.(2023·全国甲卷)A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(reward).
5.I suggest you take a 10-minute walk during the break; it will leave you feeling refreshed (refresh) for the next class.
6.A medical specialist (special) visited our school yesterday,giving a speech on how to protect eyesight in daily life.
7.Let’s work dynamically (dynamic) to make our campus greener because small actions can bring big changes!
8.The school canteen will offer sugarless (sugar) drinks to promote healthier choices among students.
9.Join us for the weekend hike—stepping into nature will bring you a sense of liberation (liberate) from daily stress.
10.I believe my experience in organising debates can bring new stimulation (stimulate) to the school’s club activities.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入]投稿—健康的生活方式—养成良好的生活习惯
假设你是李华,你校英文报社最近在征稿,主题为“健康的生活方式,我的生活我做主”。请你根据以下要点给报社写一封投稿征文,号召大家养成良好的生活习惯。
[场景演练]
1.我写信来分享我改善生活方式的经历。(lifestyle)
I’m writing to share my experience of improving my lifestyle.
2.4年前,我被一所由10个学院组成的大学录取,主修外科。 (compose,surgery)
Four years ago,I was admitted to a university composed of 10 colleges and I majored in surgery.
3.这所大学以高标准的纪律而闻名。(discipline)
The university had a reputation for its high standards of discipline.
4.由于压力太大,我变得消极和悲观。(negative,pessimistic,stress)
I became negative and pessimistic because of too much stress.
5.我养成了熬夜和不吃早餐的习惯。(get into,skip)
I got into the habit of staying up late and skipping breakfast.
6.直到有一天我患了严重的流感去看医生。(flu)
Until one day I suffered from a bad flu and went to see the doctor.
7.体检后,医生除了给我一些药,还强烈要求我改掉坏习惯。(physical,pill)
After physical examinations,the doctor gave me some pills.He also urged me to get rid of the bad habits.
8.最终,我听从医生的建议,下定决心过健康的生活。(make up one’s mind)
At last,I followed the doctor’s advice and made up my mind to lead a healthy life.
9.现在我活力焕发,感觉更加精力充沛。 我相信每个人都能做出改变。(refresh,dynamic)
Now,I get refreshed and feel more dynamic.I believe everyone can make a change.
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用where引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
Four years ago,I was admitted to a university composed of 10 colleges,where I majored in surgery.
2.将第4句和第5句用形容词作状语进行改写升级。
Negative and pessimistic because of too much stress,I got into the habit of staying up late and skipping breakfast.
3.将第7句用not only... but also...进行改写升级。
After physical examinations,not only did the doctor give me some pills,but he also urged me to get rid of the bad habits.
[连句成篇]
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to share my experience of improving my lifestyle.
Four years ago,I was admitted to a university composed of 10 colleges,where I majored in surgery.The university had a reputation for its high standards of discipline.Negative and pessimistic because of too much stress,I got into the habit of staying up late and skipping breakfast.Until one day I suffered from a bad flu and went to see the doctor.After physical examinations,not only did the doctor give me some pills,but he also urged me to get rid of the bad habits.
At last,I followed the doctor’s advice and made up my mind to lead a healthy life.Now,I get refreshed and feel more dynamic.I believe everyone can make a change.
Yours,
Li Hua
要求:请根据P215的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
I heard a crash from the living room and rushed over. When I held up the broken vase,Tom hung his head instantly.He smiled awkwardly,①a guilty look spreading over his face(独立主格结构).②Dropping his eyes(现在分词短语作状语),he stared at his feet.③Overwhelmed by shame and embarrassment (形容词短语作状语),his face burned.④So ashamed and guilty did the poor boy look(so...that...倒装) that my anger faded.“I...I didn’t mean it,” he mumbled,⑤whose voice trembled with embarrassment(whose引导非限制性定语从句).⑥I knelt to his level,and patted his shoulder,telling him accidents happen.Hearing this,the boy felt relieved and told me that he would never do such a thing again.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　n.工资 2.　　　　 adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 3.　　　　 vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群 4.　　　　 vi. (　　　　,　　　　)沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 5.　　　　 n.毯子 6.　　　　 n.& vi.航海;航行 7.　　　　 adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 8.　　　　　　[NAmE cozy]adj.温馨的;舒适的 9.　　　　 n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队;一群人 10.　　　　 n.家具 11.　　　　 vi.& n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫声 12.　　　　 n.球拍;蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球;挥打;拍打 13.　　　　 adj.潮湿的;湿气重的 14.　　　　 n.候选人;应试者
阅 读 词 汇 1.adversity　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.expedition n.　　　　　　　 3.cupboard n.　　　　　　　 4.steward n.　　　　　　　 5.stove n.　　　　　　　 6.banjo n.　　　　　　　 7.navy n.　　　　　　　 8.rugby　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 9.nephew n.　　　　　　　 10.motor n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 11.episode n.　　　　　　　 12.Confucianism n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的→　　　　 adv.伤心地;愤怒地;极其;非常;严寒→　　　　 n.苦味;痛苦;怨恨 2.　　　　 n.忍耐力;耐久力→　　　　 vt.忍耐;持久→　　　　 adj.持久的;耐久的 3.　　　　 [NAmE vigor] n.精力;力量;活力→　　　　 adj.果断的;精力充沛的;强壮的→　　　　 adv.强度大地;活泼地;积极地 4.　　　　 adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→　　　　 vt.(使)具有资格;(使)符合条件→　　　　 n.资格;资历;限定条件;获得资格 5.　　　　 adj.热情的;热心的→　　　　 n.热情;热衷的事物→　　　　 adv.热情地;热心地 6.　　　　 vt.分派;布置;分配→　　　　 n.(分派的)工作,任务;(工作等的)分派,布置→　　　　 adj.指定的;指派的;已分配的 7.　　　　 n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌→　　　　 adj.羡慕的;妒忌的→　　　　 adv.羡慕地;妒忌地 8.　　　　 vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃→　　　　 adj.被离弃的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的 9.　　　　 n.[pl.] 财物;动产→　　　　 vi.属于;应在(某处);适应
拓 展 词 汇 10.　　　　 adj.痛苦的;令人难受的→　　　　 n.痛苦;悲惨;穷困→　　　　 adv.悲惨地;痛苦地 11.　　　　 adj.自私的→　　　　 n.自私自利;自我中心;任性→　　　　 adv.自私地;任性地→　　　　 adj.无私的 12.　　　　 adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的→　　　　 adv.真诚地;诚实地 13.　　　　 vi.坚持;孜孜以求→　　　　 n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神→　　　　 adj.坚韧不拔的;不屈不挠的 14.　　　　 vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→ 　　　　 n.决议;解决;坚定→　　　　 adj.坚决的;有决心的 15.　　　　 adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→　　　　 n.残忍;残暴;不公→　　　　 adv.残酷地;极度地;非常 16.　　　　 adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的→　　　　 adv.非常;完全;极其;彻底 17.　　　　 adv.幸运地→　　　　 adv.不幸地;遗憾地→　　　　 n.运气;幸运→　　　　 adj.幸运的→　　　　 adj.不幸的 18.　　　　 n.娱乐;消遣;游戏→　　　　 vt.再现;再创造→　　　　 adj.娱乐的;消遣的 19.　　　　 n.指导;引导;导航→　　　　 n.指南;导游 vt.指导;带领 20.　　　　 vt.& vi.公布;宣传;做广告→　　　　 n.广告活动;广告业→ 　　　　 n.广告;宣传 21.　　　　 adj.公司的;法人的;社团的→　　　　 n.大公司;法人团体 22.　　　　 adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的→　　　　 adv.粗糙地;粗暴地;大约→ 　　　　 n.粗糙(度);粗暴;猛烈 23.　　　　 n.领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→　　　　 n.导航;领航;航行→　　　　 vt.& vi.导航;航行 24.　　　　 adj.忠诚的;忠实的→　　　　 n.忠诚;忠心;忠实→　　　　 adv.忠诚地;诚实地 25.　　　　 n.承诺;保证;奉献→　　　　 vt.犯(错误或罪行);使承担义务;做出保证;承诺;忠于→　　　　 adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的 26.　　　　 n.动机;原因;目的→　　　　 n.动机;动力;诱因→　　　　 adj.有动机的;有积极性的
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　梦想着…… 2.　　　　　　　 拒绝(某人) 3.　　　　　　　 对……充满热情 4.　　　　　　　 (使)原路返回;往回走 5.　　　　　　　 出发;动身;启程 6.　　　　　　　　 陷入;困于 7.　　　　　　　 扔掉 8.　　　　　　　　　　每况愈下 9.　　　　　　　 别挂断电话,稍等一下;坚持住;挺住 10.　　　　　　　 生火 11.　　　　　　　 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 12.　　　　　　　 (使)振作起来
重 点 句 型 1.……这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了,乘坐小船,肯定无法每个人都到达。(too...to...句式结构) ...the voyage was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in our small boats. 2.要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们到现在早就没命了。(without构成含蓄条件句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we’d all be dead by now. 3.没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。(There is nothing like句型) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. 4.要不是这些海洋动物,我们都得挨饿。(if引导的虚拟条件句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we would all starve.
表示否定/相反意义的前缀“dis-”集锦:
①agree→disagree 不同意;有分歧　　　　　　　　　②appear→disappear 消失;不见
③approve→disapprove 不赞成;反对 ④like→dislike 不喜爱;厌恶
⑤obey→disobey 不服从;违抗 ⑥honest→dishonest 不诚实的
⑦appoint→disappoint 使失望 ⑧able→disable 使丧失能力;使伤残
⑨connect→disconnect 切断;断开 ⑩cover→discover 发现;发觉
close→disclose 揭露;透露 comfort→discomfort 使不舒服;使不安
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)I sit in my apartment today,loving each of the 　　　　 (belonging) that share our small space. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘　　　　 (guide)’ till they lose... 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)For the next two 　　　　(assignment),a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a 　　　　(相当不错的) place to live,and not just rush through. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Many parents say 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (路上车辆太多,孩子们无法安全步行上学),so they pack them into the car instead. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though wastED received 　　　　 (热情的) reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (不要离开这个港口) without a traditional Cornish pie. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)Even the most engaged and 　　　　 (commit) audience will eventually get bored. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷)These qualities,in turn,are mapped onto products that have been 　　　　(assign) a gender. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I dreamt 　　　　 entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Feeling 　　　　 (motivate),I started running regularly,but then two things happened. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 (fortunate),I didn’t miss the whole arrangements for the conference. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)By the early 1970s,after centuries of 　　　　 (残酷的;残忍的) and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. 14.(2023· 全国甲卷)I think I’m well 　　　　 (qualify) for the accountant position here. 15.(2023·浙江1月卷)When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a 　　　　 (毯子) for free,even if your trip is an overnight one. 16.(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of 　　　　 (潮湿的) tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). 17.(2023·浙江1月卷)I also offered to cook every so often,so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard (　　　　) for my own zero waste groceries.
18.(2023·浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to 　　　　 (下沉;下降) as I 　　　　　　　　 (出发;动身) into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. 19.(2023·全国乙卷)The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cook’s 　　　　 (航海;航行)and the Australian Aboriginals. 20.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert,because people can be easily influenced by 　　　　 (advertisement) that lack scientific support. 21.(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci,for example,　　　　 (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 22.(2021·全国甲卷)As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity,　　　　 (persevere) (毅力),and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world. 23.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)We’ve been 　　　　(幸运的) to have got good advice from some famous athletes on how to improve our skills and build up our body. 24.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 (fortunately),it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 25.(2021·天津3月卷)This requires 　　　　 (commit) to a particular occupation,branch of study or research. 26.(2021·天津3月卷)Although exhausting,it gave me energy,　　　　 (enthusiastic) and happiness.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
①To become a 　　　　 doctor,you must first 　　　　 by passing the exam and getting the required 　　　　.(qualify)
②[建议信]The training course will qualify participants 　　　　 first-aid volunteers in community events.
③[申请信]我认为自己有资格组织英语角,因为我之前主持过类似活动。
→I think my experience of hosting similar activities before 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(qualify)
→I think I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 because I hosted similar activities before.(qualified)
→I think I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 because I hosted similar activities before.(qualification)
2.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的
①An 　　　　 student often shows great 　　　　 for group activities and participates in discussions 　　　　.(enthusiastic)
②[神态描写]His eyes lit up,looking enthusiastic about 　　　　 (try) the new experiment, hands already reaching for the equipment.
③[场景描写]The crowd cheered enthusiastically when the team scored the winning goal.
→The crowd cheered 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when the team scored the winning goal.(介词短语)
④[主旨升华]青春就是要对梦想充满热情,无论梦想看起来多遥远。(enthusiasm)
3.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
①[投诉信]The staff 　　　　 board were unfriendly,refusing to help with my broken suitcase.
②[场景描写]Passengers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (开始登上火车),with suitcases rolling and voices saying goodbye.
③[动作描写]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (登上了飞往家乡的飞机),she held the gift tightly,heart beating fast at the thought of seeing her parents.
④[主旨升华]出国不仅是为了看新的风景,而且是为了学会理解不同的文化。
注意区别以下四个词形相近的单词:aboard、abroad、board与broad
aboard adv.& prep.在(船、火车、飞机等)上;上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
abroad adv.在国外;到国外
board v.上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等);寄宿 n.木板;膳食;董事会
broad adj.广阔的;宽阔的;广泛的;概括的
4.assign vt.分派;布置;分配
①The teacher will 　　　　 us a new 　　　　,and the task 　　　　 last week must be finished by Friday.(assign)
②[邀请信]Our class will hold a charity sale,and we hope the teacher will assign you 　　　　　　　　 (host) it—you’re good at organising events.
③[动作描写]The group leader 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (给每个成员分配了角色),and everyone nodded in agreement.
④[心理描写]得知这个项目分配给了他,他有些紧张,但也想全力以赴。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he wanted to go all out.(Although 引导的让步状语从句)。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he felt a little nervous but also wanted to go all out.(现在分词短语作状语)
5.envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌
①[心理描写]He watched his brother playing the guitar on stage,envying him 　　　　 (perform) in front of the crowd.
②[动作描写]They stared 　　　　 envy at the winner holding the trophy,clapping loudly but feeling a little sad.
③[建议信]羡慕别人的优点很正常,但把这种感觉转化为动力会更好。
It’s normal 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but turning this feeling into motivation is better.
6.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;中止 n.放任;放纵
①[建议信]Don’t abandon 　　　　 (practise) the piano just because it’s hard—progress takes time.
②[动作描写]Children ran on the playground 　　　　 abandon,laughing loudly as they chased each other in the sunlight.
③[动作描写]He was abandoned to reading the novel.He failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.
→He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.(so...that...)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,he failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.(过去分词短语作状语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.(现在分词短语作状语)
7.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
①[场景描写]With 　　　　 (resolve) in his eyes,he walked onto the stage,ready to give his speech.
②[演讲稿]After discussing,we resolved 　　　　 starting a recycling programme to protect the environment.
③[人际沟通]为了解决冲突,我们应该学会多沟通,设身处地为他人着想。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
8.turn sb down拒绝(某人)
①[动作描写]他打开收音机,接着把音量调大,但很快又关掉了。
He 　　　　　　　　 the radio,then 　　　　　　　　,but soon 　　　　　　　　.
②[报道]这次慈善活动很成功:学生们上交了200多本书,有人向邻居求助募集捐赠,没人拒绝帮忙的机会。
The charity event 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　:students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,some
　　　　　　　　　 to collect donations,and no one 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[主旨升华]生活充满转折——我们开启新机遇,放下过往遗憾,学会向别人寻求帮助。微小的善举能变成无限的爱,让世界更温暖。
Life is full of turns—we 　　　　　　　　 new opportunities,let go of past regrets,and learn to
　　　　　　　　 others for help.Small acts of kindness can 　　　　　　　　 boundless love,making the world warmer.
9.if引导的虚拟条件句
[教材原句]If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.
要不是这些海洋动物,我们都得挨饿。
①[演讲稿]如果我们现在开始回收利用,校园会更整洁,我们也能为他人树立好榜样。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,our campus would be cleaner,and we could set a good example to others.
②[心理描写]要是我之前认真复习了所有笔记,本该取得更好的成绩。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 all the notes carefully,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[邀请信]If you were to come to our graduation party,we would be thrilled—there would be music,games,and your favourite cake!
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we would be thrilled—there would be music,games,and your favourite cake! (倒装句式)
④[演讲稿]If we should give up in the face of difficulties,our dreams would never come true.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,our dreams would never come true.(倒装句式)
　　在if引导的虚拟条件句中,当句中含有were、should、had时,可以省略if,将这些词提到主语之前,构成倒装句式,使句子更加正式或强调假设的意味。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①How everyone will envy me ②when I come back and tell them about the amazing places ③I have been to!
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句,主句是How everyone will envy me。①是由how引导的　　　　句,②是由when引导的　　　　从句;③是省略了引导词的　　　　从句,修饰　　　　。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:等我站在舞台上,唱那首练了好几个月的歌时,我会多么兴奋啊!
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.rough
A.adj.汹涌的;风浪很大的　B.adj.高低不平的　C.adj.粗略的;大致的　D.adj.艰难的　E.adj.粗暴的;粗野的
①I can’t tolerate sailing in rough sea.　　　　
②He is such a rough person that he doesn’t behave himself.　　　　
③I don’t know how to release pressure in such a rough time.　　　
④The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.　　　
2.bat
A.n.蝙蝠　B.n.球棒;球拍　C.v.用球板(或球棒)击球　D.v.眨(眼)
①He picked up a bat and hit the ball out of the park.　　　
②Bats use echolocation to find food in the dark.　　　
③She didn’t bat an eye when hearing the surprising news.　　　
④She watched the tennis player bat the ball across the net skillfully.　　　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·浙江1月卷)For instance,if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless,like Miuu,participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”.　　　
②(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.　　　　　　　
③(2022·全国乙卷)They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.　　　　　　　
④(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.　　　　　　　
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·浙江1月卷)But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart 　　　　 (sink).
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,　　　　 (assign) an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps is to give 　　　　 (guide) to citizen scientists.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)She qualified 　　　　 a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.
5.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an 　　　　 (enthusiasm) exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
6.I’m writing to ask for help—my 　　　　 (belong) were left in the school bus,and I wonder if you could assist in finding them.
7.It is 　　　　 (endure) that helps us overcome difficulties—let’s keep moving forward with courage!
8.She felt 　　　　 (envy) when seeing her classmates receive awards,but soon cheered up to work harder.
9.The wind blew 　　　　 (bitter) and snow covered the fields,making the village look quiet and peaceful.
10.We plan to set 　　　　 early tomorrow morning to avoid the traffic.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 记叙文—人物介绍—南极探险家
假设你是李华,请你结合本单元提供的两篇航海备忘录及以下内容要点,介绍Shackleton的南极探险故事。
[场景演练]
1.沙克尔顿于1914年带着热情的队员们开始了他的第三次南极探险。(expedition, enthusiastic)
2.经过700多天的艰苦冒险,他和他的队员们安然无恙地返回了。(bitter)
3.当他们接近南极洲时,不幸的是,他们的船“坚忍”号被冰毁坏,他们不得不弃船而去。(unfortunately,abandon)
4.他们扔掉了大部分物品,只带走了一些必需品,比如煮饭的炉子和毯子。(belongings,stove,blanket)
5.由于没有任何获救的机会,沙克尔顿和他的五名忠诚的队员冒险到1 300多千米之外的另一个岛屿寻求帮助。非常艰辛。(loyal,miserable)
6.这就是沙克尔顿,一位有责任心、有巨大毅力的领导者。(perseverance)
7.如果以目标是否实现来衡量成功,那么沙克尔顿的探险几乎都是不成功的。
8.但是,沙克尔顿的南极探险是一次伟大的探险。他是一个真正的领导者,有爱心、有决心。(genuine)
[句式升级]
1.将第4句用现在分词短语作状语进行改写升级。
2.将第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
　　丽莎站在那里,带着愧疚的神情凝视着那只打碎的花瓶。让她深感羞耻的是,关于是谁打碎了花瓶她向妈妈说谎了,如今真相像块石头一样压在她的心头。她羞愧地低下头,不敢看妈妈的眼睛。突然,想到自己伤害了这个最爱她的人,她感到内疚,悔恨的泪水涌上眼眶。“对不起,”她低声说道。悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊滑落。她知道,那句谎言再也无法收回了。妈妈温柔的笑容让她更加为自己这个愚蠢的错误感到羞耻,她发誓再也不会让这样的事情发生。
　　Lisa stood there,and ①　　　　　　　　　　 appeared on her face as she fixed her eyes on the broken vase.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she had lied to her mum about who did it,and now the truth pressed on her heart like a stone.
She ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and was afraid to look into her mum’s eyes.
Suddenly,she ④　　　　　　　　　　 for hurting the person who loved her most,and ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
“I’m sorry,” she murmured.⑥　　　　　　　　 rolled down her cheeks.She knew she could never take back the lie.
Her mum’s soft smile made her even more ⑦　　　　　　　　 her silly mistake,and she vowed to never let such a thing happen again.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.primitive　　adj.发展水平低的;原始的;远古的 n.文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品) 2.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 3.reputation n.名誉;名声 4.purchase vt.购买;采购 n.购买;购买的东西 5.client n.委托人;当事人;客户 6.photography n.照相术;摄影 7.convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送 8.subjective adj.主观的 9.outer adj.外表的;外边的;外围的 10.fond adj.喜爱 11.permanent adj.永久的;永恒的;长久的 12.ink　　　 　n.墨水;墨汁;油墨 13.frame n.画面;框架 vt.给……镶框;陷害;制订;拟订 14.decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落 vi.& vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝 15.vase n.花瓶;装饰瓶 16.entry n.加入;进入;参与;参赛作品 17.guarantee vt.保证;确保;肯定……必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保物 18.contemporary adj.当代的;现代的;属同时期的 n.同代人;同辈人 19.worthy adj.值得……的;有价值的
阅 读 词 汇 1.Christianity　　　　 n.基督教 2.two-dimensional adj.二维的 3.dimension n.维;规模;范围 4.noble n.贵族成员;出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的;宏伟的;高贵的 5.mythology n.神话;虚幻的想法 6.Impressionism n.印象主义;印象派(绘画风格) 7.sunrise n.日出 8.Cubism n.立体主义;立体派 9.fine art [also fine arts] 美术(尤指绘画和雕塑) 10.water lily 睡莲 11.pond n.池塘;水池 12.arched　 　adj.拱形的;弓形的 13.arch vt.& vi.呈弧形横跨;(使)成弓形 n.拱;拱形结构;拱门 14.bride n.新娘 15.memorial n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物;纪念品 adj.纪念的;悼念的 16.animation n.(电脑、录像)动画制作;动画片 17.symphony n.交响乐;交响曲 18.bronze n.青铜;深红褐色 adj.青铜色的;深红褐色的 19.ceramic n.陶瓷制品;制陶艺术 20.Buddhist adj.佛教的 n.佛教徒 21.Buddhism n.佛教
拓 展 词 汇 1.precise adj.准确的;精确的→precisely adv.准确地;精确地;的确如此→precision n.准确性 2.realistic adj.现实的;逼真的→realism n.逼真;现实主义;务实作风→realist n.现实主义画家(或作家等);现实主义者→real adj.真实的;真正的→really adv.实际上;事实上→reality n.现实;事实 3.humanistic adj.人文主义的→humanity n.人性;人道;(统称)人类→human n.人类;人adj.人的;人本性的 4.influential adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的→influence n.影响;作用;支配力;有影响的人(或事物) vt.影响;对……起作用;支配 5.rank n.地位;级别;行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级;使排成行→ranking n.地位,排名 adj.地位高的;高级的 6.emerge vi.& vt.出现;浮现;暴露→emergence n.出现;显现 7.subsequent adj.随后的;后来的;之后的→subsequently adv.随后;后来;之后→subsequence n.随后;接着(尤指结果、效果) 8.sculpture n.雕像;雕刻品;雕刻术→sculptor n.雕刻家;雕塑家→sculpt vt.雕刻;雕塑 9.visual adj.视觉的;视力的→visually adv.表面上;外观上→visualise vt.使可视化;使看得见;使形象化→vision n.视力;视野;想象 10.investment n.投资额;投资;(时间、精力的)投入→invest vt.投资;投入→investor n.投资者;投资机构 11.humble adj.谦逊的;虚心的;卑微的→humbly adv.谦逊地;低声下气地→humility n.谦逊;谦虚 12.criticise vi.& vt.批评;指责;评价→criticism n.批评;指责;评论→critical adj.批评的;重要的;危急的→critic n.批评家;评论家 13.representative adj.典型的;有代表性的n.代表→represent vt.代表;表示;作为……的代言人;描述;描写→representation n.代表;描绘;表现;陈述 14.exhibition n.展览;展览品;(技能、感情或行为的)表演→exhibit vt.展览;展出;显示n.展览品;证据→exhibitor n.参展者;参展商 15.artistic adj.艺术的;艺术家的→art n.艺术,美术(特指绘画、雕刻、雕塑)→artist n.艺术家;(尤指)画家 16.civil adj.国民的;民用的;民事的→civilisation n.文明;文明社会→civilise vt.教化;开化;使文明→civilised adj.文明的;开化的;有礼貌的 17.recognition n.承认;认出;赞誉→recognise vt.认出;认可;承认;赞赏→recognisable adj.容易认出的;易于识别的 18.expansion n.扩张;扩展;扩大→expand vt.扩大;增加;扩展;详述
重 点 词 块 1.in particular　　 　　尤其;特别 2.set apart from 使与众不同;使突出;使优于…… 3.concentrate on 集中精力于;全神贯注于 4.as well 除……之外;也;还 5.be fond of 喜爱;喜欢 6.be intended to do sth 旨在做;目的是 7.bring...to life　 　赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来 8.in store (for sb) 即将发生(在某人身上);等待着(某人) 9.be worthy of 值得 10.feel free (to do sth) (表示允许)可以随便做某事
重 点 句 型 1.由于西方艺术风格多种多样,不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。(as引导原因状语从句) As there have been so many different styles of Western art,it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 2.最后,大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。(主语+be+adj.+动词不定式 ) Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. 3.虽然许多印象派画家描绘的是大自然或日常生活中的场景,但是雷诺阿(1841年—1919年)等其他画家却侧重于人物。(while引导让步状语从句) While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life,others,such as Renoir(1841-1919),focused on people.
重 点 句 型 4.唐寅生于明朝,一心想要踏入仕途而不得,因此转而从事绘画。(过去分词作状语) Born during the Ming Dynasty,Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service,so he turned to painting instead. 5.这幅作品呈现了白雪覆盖下的高山、树木和房屋,技法超乎寻常。(现在分词作状语) This painting,showing high mountains,trees,and houses covered in snow,was made with extraordinary skill. 6.中国雕塑因此深受经丝绸之路从印度和中亚传来的佛教艺术的影响。(find+宾语+宾语补足语) Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road.
表示“人”的后缀“-ist”集锦:
①art→artist 艺术家;(尤指)画家 ②piano→pianist 钢琴家　　　 　　③violin→violinist 小提琴家
④science→scientist 科学家 ⑤chemistry→chemist 化学家;药剂师 ⑥physics→physicist 物理学家
⑦biology→biologist 生物学家 ⑧geology→geologist 地质学家 ⑨psychology→psychologist 心理学家
⑩type→typist 打字员 journal→journalist 记者;新闻工作者 social→socialist 社会主义者
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One August afternoon,I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase (花瓶) that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)...the reality (realistic) is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)An exhibition (exhibit) at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go... 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We hope to present the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual (vision) context. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)While safety improvements might have been made (尽管道路安全可能有所改善)in recent years,transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人)mobility,especially among young children. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)More than once,I found myself wondering (我发现自己想知道) just how my students,who’d created these people,knew their subjects so well. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary (当代的) design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China... 9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)For well over a hundred years the most influential (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography (photograph) in the wild. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)After I made Italy my permanent (永久的;永恒的) home,I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)They are fond of sharing daily experiences. 13.(2024·全国甲卷)From then on,if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed (guarantee) to be happy,I’d pick up a love romance. 14.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity (human) that go beyond culture and time. 15.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued and respected,no matter my level of artistic (art) ability. 16.(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the centre was the Forbidden City,surrounded in concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer (外边的;外围的) City.
17.(2023·全国甲卷)It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks (rank) among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. 18.(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames (frame) each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better. 19.(2023·全国甲卷)Well,when I work,I often concentrate so much on what I’m doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly. 20.(2023·全国乙卷)And it was interesting to say that a kid made his breakthrough (重大进展;突破) already at the age of 10.And that was me. 21.(2022·全国甲卷)In the experiment,Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition (recognise) alone. 22.(2022·全国乙卷)They could do precisely (precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. 23.(2021·天津3月卷)These expansions (expansion) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.influential adj.有很大影响力的;有支配力的
①[通知] An influential (influence) scientist will give a talk on environmental protection.All students are welcome to attend.
②[演讲稿] We can all influence each other to be (be) kinder—a simple smile or a helping hand can make a difference.
③[报道] The student’s invention,which has a great influence on people’s daily lives(对人们的日常生活有重大影响),won first prize in the competition.
2.convey vt.表达;传递(思想、感情等);传送
①[建议信] A handwritten note can better convey your sincerity to a friend who’s feeling down.
②[邀请信] 我写信是为了向你表达最诚挚的祝愿,并邀请你这周末参加我的生日聚会。
I’m writing to convey my warmest wishes to you and invite you to my birthday party this weekend.
③[通知] 校车将把学生从大门运送到体育场参加开幕式。
The school bus will convey students from the gate to the stadium for the opening ceremony.
convey 常指通过媒介传递、输送;也表示交流、传达信息、情感等。
carry 常表示移动时搬运着某物,或指随身携带。
transport 往往是长距离的运送或运输,常指交通运输。
3.decline n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少;下降;衰落 vi.& vt.减少;下降;衰落;谢绝
①[建议信] Don’t decline to ask (ask) for help when you’re stuck;teachers are always willing to support you.
②[报道] Sales of DVDs are on the decline because of the increasing popularity of streaming platforms.
③The company’s profits declined by 15% last year,from $2 million to $1.7 million.
4.guarantee vt.保证;确保;肯定……必然发生 n.保证;保修单;担保物
①[场景描写] The sunny weather is guaranteed (guarantee) to make the picnic enjoyable.
②[演讲稿] Hard work is guaranteed to bring (bring) you closer to your dreams.
③[动作描写] 他拍了拍我的肩膀,保证会支持我。
He patted my shoulder to guarantee that he would support me.
5.worthy adj.值得……的;有价值的
①[主旨升华] Persevering through difficulties is well (good) worth doing,as it builds strength and leads to growth.
②[建议信] 中国长城是举世闻名的建筑,值得一游。
→The Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction,is worthy of a visit.(be worthy of+n.)
→The Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction,is worthy of being visited/to be visited.(be worthy of being done/to be done)
→The Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction,is worth visiting.(be worth doing)
→It’s worthwhile visiting/to visit the Great Wall of China,a world-famous construction.(It is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth)
6.in particular尤其;特别
①In the application form,you’re required to go into particulars (详细叙述) about your volunteer experiences.
②[邀请信] Our festival will have many activities,in particular a live music show (尤其是一场现场音乐表演).We’d love you to join!
③[动作描写] He frowning,was particular about the painting’s colour (对画的颜色很挑剔).It is clear that he wasn’t satisfied.
④[主旨升华] 生活的美好不在于完美,而在于每个瞬间所特有的细节。
Life’s beauty lies not in perfection,but in the details particular to each moment.
7.set apart from使与众不同;使突出;使优于……
[人物介绍] 李先生热衷于环境保护事业,这使得他与众不同。除了从事多年的志愿者工作之外,他现在正着手建立一个非营利性组织来保护海洋环境。
Mr Li is devoted to environmental protection,which sets him apart from others.Apart from being a volunteer for many years,now he is setting about setting up/setting out to set up a non-profit organisation to protect marine environment.
8.bring...to life 赋予……生命;使……鲜活起来
①[倡议信] It’s important to live/lead a healthy life(过健康的生活) by exercising regularly and eating well.
②[动作描写] 那只一直躺着不动的小狗,看到球后变得活跃起来,跳起来摇着尾巴。
The puppy,which had been lying still,came back to life when it saw the ball,jumping up and wagging its tail.
③[主旨升华] 善意能给生活带来温暖,让世界变成一个更宜居的地方。
Kindness can bring warmth to life,making the world a better place to live.
9.主语+be+adj.+动词不定式
[教材原句] Finally,most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
最后,大多数顾客想要看上去既美丽又有趣的绘画。
①[推荐信] Classic literature remains interesting to read (read) with each life stage offering new insights.
②[推荐信] 热带海滩在气候温和的冬季游览起来是令人愉悦的。
The tropical beach is pleasant to visit in winter when the weather is mild.
③[求助信] 我在英语学习中的主要问题是很难记住单词。
The main problem in my English study is that it’s very difficult for me to memorise vocabulary words.
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①As there have been so many different styles of Western art,②it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句,主句为it is impossible to describe them all in a short text。句中①为as引导的原因状语从句,从句中含有一个there be结构的句子,②为it作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正主语。
自主翻译:由于西方艺术风格多种多样,不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。
情境仿写:由于有如此多的在线课程可供选择,人们在家学习很方便。
As there have been so many online courses available,it is convenient for people to learn at home.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.decline
A.vi.减少;下降;衰弱;衰退　B.vt.谢绝;婉言拒绝　C.n.减少;下降;衰落
①Sales of whole milk declined by 4% in the first quarter.　A　
②Some scholars worry about the decline of traditional crafts in modern society.　C　
③The manager declined our request for a meeting.　B　
2.exhibition
A.n.展览;展出　B.n.展览品　C.n.表现,显示,表演
①The annual art exhibition will be held at the city gallery next month.　A　
②Her exhibition of courage during the crisis inspired everyone around her.　C　
③The exhibition includes three paintings by Picasso and a collection of ancient vases.　B　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)Transportation invoices (发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.v.保证
②(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.n.参赛作品
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It should give you a precise (precision) definition of each word,thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist (art).
3.(2022·全国乙卷)Selected from collections throughout the world,it is the first major exhibition (exhibit) of his work to be held in over forty years.
4.The man was praised for his courage and humanity (human).
5.Apart from studying textbooks,you should also read more extracurricular books to broaden your horizons.
6.I know you’re fond of traditional music.We’re holding a folk concert this weekend—would you like to come
7.Every small act of kindness,from helping a classmate to picking up litter,is worthy of our respect—it builds a better community.
8.When the teacher announced her award,her eyes lit up with joy—pride in earning recognition (recognise) made her smile bright.
9.The park,after years of investment (invest),now has colourful flowers,tall trees,and a small lake.
10.A survey shows that 60% of students are particular about/over the quality of school meals,not just the taste.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 应用文—介绍信—介绍一次参加画展的经历
假设你是李华,最近参观了博物馆举办的画展,你的外国朋友Daniel对此很感兴趣,写信向你咨询细节,请你写一封回信。
内容包括:1.活动亮点;2.观展感受。
[场景演练]
1.收到你询问我所参观的画展的来信,我非常激动。(exhibition)
I am thrilled to get your letter asking about the painting exhibition I visited.
2.画展展出了 150 多件作品,包括各个时期的代表作。(representative)
It featured over 150 works,including representative pieces from various periods.
3.那些有影响力的艺术家的突破性作品的展出,使它有别于其他展览。(influential,breakthrough,set...apart from)
The display of influential artists’ breakthrough works set it apart from other exhibitions.
4.他们精准的笔触和独特的风格确实让每个场景都栩栩如生。(precise,bring...to life)
Their precise brushstrokes and unique styles really brought every scene to life.
5.尤其值得一提的是,现代展区给我留下了深刻印象。其大胆的艺术表达体现了文化的多样性。(in particular,artistic)
In particular,the Modern Section impressed me deeply.Its bold artistic expressions reflected cultural diversity.
6.难怪这个画展获得了广泛的认可。(recognition)
It is no wonder that the painting exhibition has won wide recognition.
7.这次经历加深了我对艺术的热爱。
This experience deepened my love for art.
8.这个画展确实值得一看,我保证你也会被吸引。如果你来,我很乐意再陪你去一次!(be worthy of,guarantee)
The painting exhibition is truly worthy of a visit,and I guarantee you’d be attracted too.If you come,I’d happily go with you again!
[句式升级]
1.将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
I am thrilled to get your letter asking about the painting exhibition I visited,which featured over 150 works,including representative pieces from various periods.
2.将第3句和第4句用what引导的主语从句和whose引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
What set it apart from other exhibitions was the display of influential artists’ breakthrough works,whose precise brushstrokes and unique styles really brought every scene to life.
3.将第5句用with复合结构进行改写升级。
In particular,the Modern Section impressed me deeply,with its bold artistic expressions reflecting cultural diversity.
4.将第8句用so...that...引导的结果状语从句进行改写升级。
The painting exhibition is so truly worthy of a visit that I guarantee you’d be attracted too.If you come,I’d happily go with you again!
[连句成篇]
Dear Daniel,
I am thrilled to get your letter asking about the painting exhibition I visited,which featured over 150 works,including representative pieces from various periods.
What set it apart from other exhibitions was the display of influential artists’ breakthrough works,whose precise brushstrokes and unique styles really brought every scene to life.In particular,the Modern Section impressed me deeply,with its bold artistic expressions reflecting cultural diversity.It is no wonder that the painting exhibition has won wide recognition.
This experience deepened my love for art.The painting exhibition is so truly worthy of a visit that I guarantee you’d be attracted too.If you come,I’d happily go with you again!
Yours,
Li Hua
我举起那个碎了的花瓶时,汤姆立刻低下了头。他尴尬地笑着,脸上渐渐露出惭愧的神情。他垂下眼睛,盯着自己的脚。由于被羞愧和尴尬淹没,他的脸一阵发烫。这可怜的孩子看上去既羞愧又内疚,我的怒气也消了。“我……我不是故意的,”他嘟囔着,他的声音因尴尬而颤抖。
When I held up the broken vase,Tom ①hung his head instantly.
He ②smiled awkwardly,and ③a guilty look spread over his face.
He ④dropped his eyes,⑤staring at his feet.
Because he ⑥was overwhelmed by shame and embarrassment,⑦his face burned.
The poor boy looked so ⑧ashamed and guilty that my anger faded.
“I...I didn’t mean it,” he mumbled and his voice ⑨trembled with embarrassment.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　adj.民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的 2.　　　　 n.黎明;开端;萌芽 3.　　　　 n.蝴蝶 4.　　　　 n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的;业余爱好的 5.　　　　 vi.& vt.取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄 6.　　　　 adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的 7.　　　　 vt.等候;期待;将发生在 8.　　　　 vi.旋转;环绕;转动 9.　　　　 n.(pl.shelves) 架子;搁板 10.　　　　 n.核心;精髓;(水果的)核儿 11.　　　　 n.时代;年代;纪元 12.　　　　 vt.& vi.(　　　　,　　　　) 播种;种 13.　　　　　　n.种子;起源;萌芽 14.　　　　 n.最后期限;截止日期 15.　　　　 vt.修改;润色;抛光 n.上光剂;抛光;擦亮 16.　　　　 n.细绳;线;一串 vt.(　　　　,　　　　) 悬挂;系 adj.弦乐器的;线织的 17.　　　　 conj.在任何地方;在所有……的情况下 adv.(用于问句)究竟在(到)哪里 18.　　　　 n.偏见;成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见
阅 读 词 汇 1.nursery　　　　adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 2.mockingbird n.　　　　　　　 3.diamond n.　　　　　　　 4.brass n.　　　　　　　 5.bull n.　　　　　　　 6.bee n.　　　　　　　 7.dewdrop n.　　　　　　　 8.clover n.　　　　　　　 9.lawn n.　　　　　　　 10.cinquain n.　　　　　　　 11.haiku n.　　　　　　　 12.syllable　　　　n.　　　　　　　 13.format n.　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　　 14.blossom n.　　　　　　　 15.cherry n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 16.verse n.　　　　　　　 17.civilian n.　　　　　　　 18.prose n.　　　　　　　 19.version n.　　　　　　　 20.sonnet n.　　　　　　　 21.barren adj.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 n.戏;剧;戏剧艺术→　　　　 adj.戏剧(性)的;突然的→　　　　 adv.突然;戏剧性地 2.　　　　 n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事vi.感到悲伤→ 　　　　 adj.悲伤的 3.　　　　 n.形象的描述;意象;像→　　　　 n.形象;印象;画像;意象→　　　　 vt.想象;猜测;认为→　　　　 n.想象力;幻想物;创造力 4.　　　　 adj.文学的;爱好文学的;有文学作品特征的→　　　　 n.文学;文学作品;文献 5.　　　　 n.押韵词;押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵→　　　　 n.节奏;韵律;规律 6.　　　　 vt.背诵;吟诵;列举→　　　　 n.朗诵;朗读;逐一列举→　　　　 n.朗诵者;背诵者 7.　　　　 n.情绪;心情;语气→　　　　 adj.情绪多变的;喜怒无常的;感伤的 8.　　　　 adj.分别的;各自的→　　　　 adv.分别;各自;依次为 9.　　　　 vt.出声;说;讲 adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的→　　　　 adv.完全地;彻底地→　　　　 n.说话;言论 10.　　　　 n.理解力;领悟力;理解练习→　　　　 vt.理解;领悟;懂→　　　　 adj.全部的;详尽的;综合性的→　　　　 adv.完全地;彻底地 11.　　　　 adj.空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的 n.空白;空格→　　　　 adv.茫然地;毫无表情地→　　　　 n.空白;空虚 12.　　　　 n.同情;赞同→　　　　 adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的→　　　　 adv.悲怜地,怜悯地;富有同情心地 13.　　　　 n.天真;单纯;无罪→　　　　 adj.天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的→　　　　 adv.天真地;纯洁地;无罪地 14.　　　　 vi.相一致;符合;相当于;通信→　　　　 n.来往信件;通信联系→　　　　 adj.符合的;相应的;一致的 15.　　　　 adj.首要的;占支配地位的;显著的→　　　　 n.优势;支配地位;显著→　　　　 vt.支配;控制;高耸于;(在比赛中)占有优势 16.　　　　 n.比赛;竞赛;竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩→　　　　 n.比赛者;竞争者 17.　　　　 n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事→　　　　 vi.& vt.悲伤,悲痛,伤心 18.　　　　 adj.复杂的;难懂的→　　　　 vt.使复杂化 19.　　　　 n.变化;变体;变奏曲→　　　　 vi.变化;不同→　　　　 adj.不同的;各种各样的→　　　　 n.多样性;变化 20.　　　　 adj.种族的;人种的→　　　　 n.人种;民族;种族;赛跑;竞争 vt.参加比赛;快速运转→　　　　 n.种族主义;种族偏见;种族歧视→　　　　 n.种族主义者
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　简明恰当;简洁中肯 2.　　　　　　　 讲得通;有意义 3.　　　　　　　 由……组成(构成) 4.　　　　　　　 包括;由……组成(构成) 5.　　　　　　　 尤其;特别 6.　　　　　　　 把……转变成…… 7.　　　　　　　　　　坚持;继续;保持 8.　　　　　　　 寻找;探索;追求 9.　　　　　　　 跟上;赶上;与(某人)保持联系 10.　　　　　　　 轮流做某事 11.　　　　　　　 以……为基础
重 点 句 型 1.人们写诗的原因多种多样。(why引导定语从句) There are various reasons 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　. 2.通过玩童谣中的文字游戏,孩子们学习了语言。(by doing...) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,children learn about language. 3.有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择,你可能最终想自己写几首诗。(with复合结构) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. 4.原因是他们能够感受到爱的温暖,享受到童年的天真。(that引导表语从句) The reason is 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.(你)总是应该大声朗读诗歌,因为那是你能听到词汇之美的时候。(when引导表语从句) Poetry should always be read aloud,as that is 　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
表示否定/相反意义的前缀“il-”集锦:
①legal→illegal不合法的;非法的　　　　　　　　②logical→illogical不合逻辑的
③literate→illiterate不识字的;文盲的 ④limitable→illimitable无限的
⑤liberal→illiberal不开明的;狭隘的 ⑥loyal→illoyal不忠诚的;背叛的
⑦legible→illegible难以辨认的,字迹模糊的 ⑧legitimate→illegitimate非法的
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Adding more nature to our environment can change our 　　　　 (情绪;心情) and how we think. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Also,could I remind you that the 　　　　 (截止日期) for submission is this Saturday,June 14th 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express 　　　　 (同情;赞同) instead. 4.(2025·浙江1月卷)The stereotypes commonly associated with men,such as competitiveness and 　　　　 (dominant),are more valued than those associated with women. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)With human inputs 　　　　 (dramatic) reduced,the garden’s ecology can develop well. 6.(2024·全国甲卷)From webs to cocoons,invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most 　　　　 (精美的) and beautiful designs. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By 　　　　 (connect) through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored. 8.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)When I was in middle school,my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing 　　　　 (比赛;竞赛). 9.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In this “book of books”,artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasises these connections between different 　　　　 (era) and cultures. 10.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home 　　　　 (seed) to start their own vegetable gardens. 11.(2023·浙江1月卷)It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and 　　　　 (string) them together.
12.(2023·全国甲卷)Skilled at putting up 　　　　 (shelf) and piecing together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)The bees,　　　　 (butterfly) and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps. 14.(2023·全国乙卷)Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,mainly because the corn state lacks geographical 　　　　 (vary). 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)How many parts is a student’s final grade made up 　　　　 16.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the 　　　　 (空白的) space. 17.(2022·全国甲卷)Yes,I remember these things.This was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在我十岁到十五岁之间的时候). 18.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　　　　　　　　 (一个原因是) most people are not even aware of their mispronunciations. 19.(2021·全国乙卷)I knew my lines,but I was terrified to have to 　　　　 (背诵) them in front of an audience. 20.(2021·全国乙卷)That said,to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents,　　　　 the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone. 21.(2021·天津3月卷)The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an 　　　　 (imagine) world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤
①[建议信]I suggest you talk to your parents to ease your sorrow 　　　　 the failed exam.
②[神态描写]Her eyes were red and her face wore a 　　　　 (sorrow) look,telling everyone she’d cried.
③[动作描写]他悲伤地坐着,手指摸着朋友的旧照片,微微颤抖。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,fingers trembling as he touched the old photo of his friend.
④[主旨升华]令我们悲伤的是,生活充满离别,但它们教会我们珍惜所拥有的。
2.mood n.情绪;心情;语气
①[建议信]If you’re 　　　　 a bad mood,I suggest taking a walk in a park—nature always helps lift spirits.
②[求助信]I’m in no mood 　　　　　　　　 (study) these days,and I wonder if you could share how you deal with stress.
③[神态描写]His 　　　　 (mood) look—frowning one minute,staring blankly the next—made us all confused.
④[演讲稿]让我们带着微笑开始每一天:心情好不仅对自己有益,还能温暖他人。
Let’s start each day with a smile—　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.sympathy n.同情;赞同
①When she heard about his loss,her 　　　　 eyes showed deep 　　　　,and she patted his shoulder 　　　　,saying,“I’m here for you.” (sympathy)
②[动作描写]出于对受伤小鸟的同情,她轻轻地捧起它,用软布裹了起来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she picked it up gently,wrapping it in a soft cloth.
③[演讲稿]要建设有爱心的班级,我们应当体谅遇到困难的同学,对他们的困境表示同情,并积极地帮助他们。
To build a caring class,we should 　　　　　　　　　　　　 classmates in trouble,　　　　　
　　　　　　　 their hardships,and actively help them.
4.correspond vi.相一致;符合;相当于;通信
①Her recent emails,part of our long 　　　　,show that her actions now 　　　　 with her promises,and the 　　　　 changes in her behaviour have impressed everyone.(correspond)
②[建议信]If you want to improve your writing,try to correspond 　　　　 foreign exchange students—talking with them in letters will make your skills grow.
③事实上我们所有人都渴望成功,但是有时候我们的行动与我们想要实现的目标不一致。
→Actually all of us desire for success,but sometimes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(correspond)
→Actually all of us are eager for success,but sometimes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(correspondence)
5.be made up of由……组成(构成)
①[求助信]我不理解化学实验步骤,担心赶不上实验室的截止日期。课后你能给我讲讲吗
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the chemistry experiment steps,and I’m afraid 　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Could you explain them to me after class
②[主旨升华]人生是一段旅程,我们下定决心追逐目标,利用每一刻时光,用勇气弥补过失,最终会明白:每一份努力,哪怕微小,都是有意义的,它会帮我们渡过难关,不断成长。
Life is a journey where 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　,　　　　　　　　 missteps with courage,and finally realise that every effort—even the small ones—　　　　　　　　,helping us 　　　　　　　　　　　　 and grow.
6.why引导定语从句
[教材原句] There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
人们写诗的原因多种多样。
①[申请信]我申请加入学生会的原因是我想服务同学,提升领导力。我相信我的热情和能力适合这个岗位。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I want to serve classmates and improve my leadership.I believe my enthusiasm and skills fit the position.
②[动作描写]他一路跑向教室。这是因为他不想重要考试迟到。
He ran all the way to the classroom.This was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ③[演讲稿]知识改变生活、创造可能。这就是我们该珍惜每一个学习机会的原因。
Knowledge changes lives and creates possibilities.This is the reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　.
④[主旨升华]成长源于面对挑战并从中学习。这就是每个困难都是迈向更好自我的一步的
原因。
Growth comes from facing challenges and learning from them.This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　.
注意区别以下句式结构:
①“That/This is because...”,意为“那/这是因为……”,because引导的表语从句表示原因。
②“That/This is why...”,意为“那/这就是……的原因”,why引导的表语从句表示结果。
③“The reason why...is/was that...”,意为“……的原因是……”,表语从句常用that引导,而不用because。
④“This is the reason why...”,意为“这就是……的原因”。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”,①which contains a list of things,people,ideas,or descriptions ②that develop a particular theme.
尝试分析:本句是一个复合句。主句是One of ... poem is the “list poem”。句中①为which引导的　　　　　　　　从句,修饰the “list poem”;②为that引导的　　　　从句,修饰先行词things,people,ideas,or descriptions。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:本月令人兴奋的活动之一是“文化节”,它设有传统表演、创意工作坊、国际美食摊位或演出,这些内容旨在庆祝文化多样性。
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.blank
A.adj.空白的　　B.n.空白处;空格
C.adj.没表情的 D.v.突然忘掉
①Sign your name in the blank below.　　　
②Hearing the news,my mind went blank.　　　
③In fact I knew the answer,but I totally blanked during the test.　　　
④The teacher could tell by the blank look on Mary’s face that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.　　　
2.contest
A.v.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)　B.v.争辩;就……提出异议　C.n.比赛;竞赛　D.n.(控制权或权力的)争夺,竞争
①She decided to enter the cooking contest to show her skills.　　　　
②The two teams will contest the championship in the final match.　　　　
③He plans to contest the election result in court.　　　　
④The contest for the company’s CEO position is getting fierce.　　　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
The delicate① vase,with its delicate② patterns,requires delicate③ handling.It’s a delicate④ matter to determine its value,as such delicate⑤ craftsmanship is rare today.
这个①　　　　花瓶,有着②　　　　图案,需要③　　　　　　搬运。确定它的价值是件④
　　　　事,因为如此⑤　　　　工艺在如今并不常见。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In the wrong hands,such a book could prove as 　　　　 (complicate) to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI...
2.(2022·全国乙卷)The results were clear:Our young subjects 　　　　 (comprehend) the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be 　　　　 (sympathy) to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
4.(2021·浙江6月卷)Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in 　　　　 (drama) roles.
5.(2021·天津3月卷)It requires creativity on the part of the technologist,　　　　 (imagine),a lot of patience and kindness.
6.These films can help foreign friends better understand this land—Chinese 　　　　 (literary),geography,history,food and so on.
7.Only when what you do corresponds 　　　　 what you say can you make better relationships with others.
8.The experts are trying to find out the reason 　　　　 many teenagers have trouble communicating with their parents.
9.Morning mist transformed the quiet valley 　　　　 a mysterious world.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 告知信—传统文化—唐诗
　　假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Wendy非常喜欢中国文化,她给你写信想了解唐诗。请你根据下列要点给她写一封回信,对唐诗加以介绍。
[场景演练]
1.我很高兴知道你喜欢唐诗。许多人喜欢吟诵唐诗,因为它们十分押韵。(recite,rhyme)
2.一般来说,大多数唐诗由4到8行组成,每行有5或7个字。(be made up of)
3.唐代诗人写诗有不同的目的。例如,一些人揭露社会的黑暗,而另一些人则抒发个人情感及人生追求。(while)
4.每当我们读唐诗时,我们仿佛置身于诗人所生活的那个时代。(whenever,era)
5.李白是我最喜欢的诗人。他生活在中国诗歌的黄金时代,以其丰富的想象力和作品中生动的意象闻名于世。(imagery)
6.只有亲身体验,我们才能与诗人的想法一致,从而掌握唐诗的精神。(correspond with)
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用with复合结构进行改写升级。
2.将第5句用定语从句和过去分词作状语进行改写升级。
3.将第6句用“only+介词短语”结构进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
要求:请根据P320的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
　　Standing frozen in the living room,Lisa realised the weight of her mistake the moment she heard the vase shatter.Lisa stood there,①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (with复合结构) as she fixed her eyes on the broken vase.To her deep shame,she had lied to her mum about who did it,and now the truth pressed on her heart like a stone.She bowed her head in shame,②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (形容词短语作状语).Suddenly,
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (倒装句) for hurting the person who loved her most that tears of regret filled her eyes.“I’m sorry,” she murmured,④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(独立主格结构),⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (现在分词短语作状语).⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (强调句) made her even more ashamed of her silly mistake,and she vowed to never let such a thing happen again.⑦　
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.wage　　　　n.工资 2.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) 3.crush vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群 4.sink vi. (sank or sunk,sunk)沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 5.blanket n.毯子 6.voyage n.& vi.航海;航行 7.decent adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 8.cosy　　　　[NAmE cozy]adj.温馨的;舒适的 9.crew n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队;一群人 10.furniture n.家具 11.bark vi.& n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫声 12.bat n.球拍;蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球;挥打;拍打 13.damp adj.潮湿的;湿气重的 14.candidate n.候选人;应试者
阅 读 词 汇 1.adversity　　　　　n.困境;逆境 2.expedition n.探险;远征;探险队 3.cupboard n.橱柜;壁橱;衣柜 4.steward n.( 轮船、飞机或火车上的) 乘务员;服务员 5.stove n.炉具;厨房灶具 6.banjo n.班卓琴 (乐器) 7.navy n.海军;海军部队 8.rugby　　　　　n.橄榄球运动 9.nephew n.侄子;外甥 10.motor n.发动机;马达 adj.有引擎的;机动车的 11.episode n.(人生的)一段经历;(小说的) 片段;插曲 12.Confucianism n.孔子学说;儒家(学说)
拓 展 词 汇 1.bitter adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的→bitterly adv.伤心地;愤怒地;极其;非常;严寒→bitterness n.苦味;痛苦;怨恨 2.endurance n.忍耐力;耐久力→endure vt.忍耐;持久→enduring adj.持久的;耐久的 3.vigour [NAmE vigor]n.精力;力量;活力→vigorous adj.果断的;精力充沛的;强壮的→vigorously adv.强度大地;活泼地;积极地 4.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格;(使)符合条件→qualification n.资格;资历;限定条件;获得资格 5.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的→enthusiasm n.热情;热衷的事物→enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地 6.assign vt.分派;布置;分配→assignment n.(分派的)工作,任务;(工作等的)分派,布置→assigned adj.指定的;指派的;已分配的 7.envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌→envious adj.羡慕的;妒忌的→enviously adv.羡慕地;妒忌地 8.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃→abandoned adj.被离弃的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的 9.belongings n.[pl.] 财物;动产→belong vi.属于;应在(某处);适应 10.miserable adj.痛苦的;令人难受的→misery n.痛苦;悲惨;穷困→miserably adv.悲惨地;痛苦地 11.selfish adj.自私的→selfishness n.自私自利;自我中心;任性→selfishly adv.自私地;任性地→selfless adj.无私的
拓 展 词 汇 12.genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的→genuinely adv.真诚地;诚实地 13.persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求→perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神→persevering adj.坚韧不拔的;不屈不挠的 14.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→ resolution n.决议;解决;坚定→resolute adj.坚决的;有决心的 15.cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→cruelty n.残忍;残暴;不公→cruelly adv.残酷地;极度地;非常 16.thorough adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的→thoroughly adv.非常;完全;极其;彻底 17.fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地→fortune n.运气;幸运→fortunate adj.幸运的→unfortunate adj.不幸的 18.recreation n.娱乐;消遣;游戏→recreate vt.再现;再创造→recreational adj.娱乐的;消遣的 19.guidance n.指导;引导;导航→guide n.指南;导游 vt.指导;带领 20.advertise vt.& vi.公布;宣传;做广告→advertising n.广告活动;广告业→ advertisement n.广告;宣传 21.corporate adj.公司的;法人的;社团的→corporation n.大公司;法人团体 22.rough adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的→roughly adv.粗糙地;粗暴地;大约→ roughness n.粗糙(度);粗暴;猛烈 23.navigator n.领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者→navigation n.导航;领航;航行→navigate vt.& vi.导航;航行 24.loyal adj.忠诚的;忠实的→loyalty n.忠诚;忠心;忠实→loyally adv.忠诚地;诚实地 mitment n.承诺;保证;奉献→commit vt.犯(错误或罪行);使承担义务;做出保证;承诺;忠于→committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的 26.motive n.动机;原因;目的→motivation n.动机;动力;诱因→motivated adj.有动机的;有积极性的
重 点 词 块 1.dream of/about...　　　　梦想着…… 2.turn sb down 拒绝(某人) 3.be enthusiastic about... 对……充满热情 4.turn back (使)原路返回;往回走 5.set off 出发;动身;启程 6.be/become stuck in 陷入;困于 7.throw away　　　　扔掉 8.from bad to worse 每况愈下 9.hold on 别挂断电话,稍等一下;坚持住;挺住 10.make fire 生火 11.give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 12.cheer up (使)振作起来
重 点 句 型 1.……这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了,乘坐小船,肯定无法每个人都到达。(too...to...句式结构) ...the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 2.要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们到现在早就没命了。(without构成含蓄条件句) Without Frank and Ernest,we’d all be dead by now. 3.没有什么比得上一顿好饭和一点儿音乐能让我们振作起来了。(There is nothing like句型) There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. 4.要不是这些海洋动物,我们都得挨饿。(if引导的虚拟条件句) If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.
表示否定/相反意义的前缀“dis-”集锦:
①agree→disagree 不同意;有分歧　　　　　　　　　②appear→disappear 消失;不见
③approve→disapprove 不赞成;反对 ④like→dislike 不喜爱;厌恶
⑤obey→disobey 不服从;违抗 ⑥honest→dishonest 不诚实的
⑦appoint→disappoint 使失望 ⑧able→disable 使丧失能力;使伤残
⑨connect→disconnect 切断;断开 ⑩cover→discover 发现;发觉
close→disclose 揭露;透露 comfort→discomfort 使不舒服;使不安
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)I sit in my apartment today,loving each of the belongings (belonging) that share our small space. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘guidance (guide)’ till they lose... 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)For the next two assignments(assignment),a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre(体裁) and that it contain a thesis. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent(相当不错的) place to live,and not just rush through. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school (路上车辆太多,孩子们无法安全步行上学),so they pack them into the car instead. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though wastED received enthusiastic (热情的) reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Don’t leave the harbor (不要离开这个港口) without a traditional Cornish pie. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)Even the most engaged and committed (commit) audience will eventually get bored. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷)These qualities,in turn,are mapped onto products that have been assigned(assign) a gender. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I dreamt of/about entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Feeling motivated (motivate),I started running regularly,but then two things happened. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Fortunately (fortunate),I didn’t miss the whole arrangements for the conference. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel (残酷的;残忍的) and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. 14.(2023· 全国甲卷)I think I’m well qualified (qualify) for the accountant position here. 15.(2023·浙江1月卷)When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket (毯子) for free,even if your trip is an overnight one. 16.(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp (潮湿的) tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch (火把). 17.(2023·浙江1月卷)I also offered to cook every so often,so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard (橱柜) for my own zero waste groceries. 18.(2023·浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to sink (下沉;下降) as I set off (出发;动身) into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. 19.(2023·全国乙卷)The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cook’s voyage (航海;航行)and the Australian Aboriginals. 20.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert,because people can be easily influenced by advertisements (advertisement) that lack scientific support.
21.(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci,for example,roughly (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 22.(2021·全国甲卷)As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with “intelligence,creativity,perseverance (persevere) (毅力),and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world. 23.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)We’ve been fortunate(幸运的) to have got good advice from some famous athletes on how to improve our skills and build up our body. 24.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Unfortunately (fortunately),it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 25.(2021·天津3月卷)This requires commitment (commit) to a particular occupation,branch of study or research. 26.(2021·天津3月卷)Although exhausting,it gave me energy,enthusiasm (enthusiastic) and happiness.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
①To become a qualified doctor,you must first qualify by passing the exam and getting the required qualification.(qualify)
②[建议信]The training course will qualify participants as first-aid volunteers in community events.
③[申请信]我认为自己有资格组织英语角,因为我之前主持过类似活动。
→I think my experience of hosting similar activities before qualifies me to organise the English Corner.(qualify)
→I think I am qualified to organise/for organising the English Corner because I hosted similar activities before.(qualified)
→I think I have a qualification to organise the English Corner because I hosted similar activities before.(qualification)
2.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的
①An enthusiastic student often shows great enthusiasm for group activities and participates in discussions enthusiastically.(enthusiastic)
②[神态描写]His eyes lit up,looking enthusiastic about trying (try) the new experiment,hands already reaching for the equipment.
③[场景描写]The crowd cheered enthusiastically when the team scored the winning goal.
→The crowd cheered with enthusiasm when the team scored the winning goal.(介词短语)
④[主旨升华]青春就是要对梦想充满热情,无论梦想看起来多遥远。(enthusiasm)
Youth is about being full of enthusiasm for dreams,no matter how distant they may seem.
3.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
①[投诉信]The staff on board were unfriendly,refusing to help with my broken suitcase.
②[场景描写]Passengers began to go aboard the train (开始登上火车),with suitcases rolling and voices saying goodbye.
③[动作描写]Aboard the plane to her home town (登上了飞往家乡的飞机),she held the gift tightly,heart beating fast at the thought of seeing her parents.
④[主旨升华]出国不仅是为了看新的风景,而且是为了学会理解不同的文化。
Going abroad is not just about seeing new scenery,but about learning to understand different cultures.
注意区别以下四个词形相近的单词:aboard、abroad、board与broad
aboard adv.& prep.在(船、火车、飞机等)上;上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
abroad adv.在国外;到国外
board v.上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等);寄宿 n.木板;膳食;董事会
broad adj.广阔的;宽阔的;广泛的;概括的
4.assign vt.分派;布置;分配
①The teacher will assign us a new assignment,and the task assigned last week must be finished by Friday.(assign)
②[邀请信]Our class will hold a charity sale,and we hope the teacher will assign you to host (host) it—you’re good at organising events.
③[动作描写]The group leader assigned each member a role/assigned a role to each member (给每个成员分配了角色),and everyone nodded in agreement.
④[心理描写]得知这个项目分配给了他,他有些紧张,但也想全力以赴。
→Although he felt a little nervous when he knew the project was assigned to him,he wanted to go all out.(Although引导的让步状语从句)
→Knowing that the project was assigned to him,he felt a little nervous but also wanted to go all out.(现在分词短语作状语)
5.envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌
①[心理描写]He watched his brother playing the guitar on stage,envying him performing (perform) in front of the crowd.
②[动作描写]They stared with envy at the winner holding the trophy,clapping loudly but feeling a little sad.
③[建议信]羡慕别人的优点很正常,但把这种感觉转化为动力会更好。
It’s normal to be envious of others’ strengths,but turning this feeling into motivation is better.
6.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;中止 n.放任;放纵
①[建议信]Don’t abandon practising (practise) the piano just because it’s hard—progress takes time.
②[动作描写]Children ran on the playground with abandon,laughing loudly as they chased each other in the sunlight.
③[动作描写]He was abandoned to reading the novel.He failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.
→He was so abandoned to reading the novel that he failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.(so...that...)
→Abandoned to the novel,he failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.(过去分词短语作
状语)
→Abandoning himself to the novel,he failed to catch his mother’s call for dinner.(现在分词短语作状语)
7.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
①[场景描写]With resolution (resolve) in his eyes,he walked onto the stage,ready to give his speech.
②[演讲稿]After discussing,we resolved on starting a recycling programme to protect the environment.
③[人际沟通]为了解决冲突,我们应该学会多沟通,设身处地为他人着想。
To resolve conflicts,we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
8.turn sb down拒绝(某人)
①[动作描写]他打开收音机,接着把音量调大,但很快又关掉了。
He turned on the radio,then turned it up,but soon turned it off.
②[报道]这次慈善活动很成功:学生们上交了200多本书,有人向邻居求助募集捐赠,没人拒绝帮忙的机会。
The charity event turned out very successful:students turned in over 200 books,some turned to their neighbours to collect donations,and no one turned down the chance to help.
③[主旨升华]生活充满转折——我们开启新机遇,放下过往遗憾,学会向别人寻求帮助。微小的善举能变成无限的爱,让世界更温暖。
Life is full of turns—we turn on new opportunities,let go of past regrets,and learn to turn to others for help.Small acts of kindness can turn into boundless love,making the world warmer.
9.if引导的虚拟条件句
[教材原句]If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.
要不是这些海洋动物,我们都得挨饿。
①[演讲稿]如果我们现在开始回收利用,校园会更整洁,我们也能为他人树立好榜样。
If we started recycling now,our campus would be cleaner,and we could set a good example to others.
②[心理描写]要是我之前认真复习了所有笔记,本该取得更好的成绩。
If I had reviewed all the notes carefully,I would/could/should/might have gotten a better score.
③[邀请信]If you were to come to our graduation party,we would be thrilled—there would be music,games,and your favourite cake!
→Were you to come to our graduation party,we would be thrilled—there would be music,games,and your favourite cake! (倒装句式)
④[演讲稿]If we should give up in the face of difficulties,our dreams would never come true.
→Should we give up in the face of difficulties,our dreams would never come true.(倒装句式)
在if引导的虚拟条件句中,当句中含有were、should、had时,可以省略if,将这些词提到主语之前,构成倒装句式,使句子更加正式或强调假设的意味。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①How everyone will envy me ②when I come back and tell them about the amazing places ③I have been to!
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句,主句是How everyone will envy me。①是由how引导的感叹句,②是由when引导的时间状语从句;③是省略了引导词的定语从句,修饰places。
自主翻译:等我回来,告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇地方,大家该会多么羡慕我啊!
情境仿写:等我站在舞台上,唱那首练了好几个月的歌时,我会多么兴奋啊!
How excited I will be when I stand on the stage and sing the song I have practised for months!
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.rough
A.adj.汹涌的;风浪很大的　B.adj.高低不平的　C.adj.粗略的;大致的　D.adj.艰难的　E.adj.粗暴的;粗野的
①I can’t tolerate sailing in rough sea.　A　
②He is such a rough person that he doesn’t behave himself.　E　
③I don’t know how to release pressure in such a rough time.　D　
④The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.　B　
2.bat
A.n.蝙蝠　B.n.球棒;球拍　C.v.用球板(或球棒)击球　D.v.眨(眼)
①He picked up a bat and hit the ball out of the park.　B　
②Bats use echolocation to find food in the dark.　A　
③She didn’t bat an eye when hearing the surprising news.　D　
④She watched the tennis player bat the ball across the net skillfully.　C　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·浙江1月卷)For instance,if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless,like Miuu,participants would still assign a gender to it—they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”.vt.指定
②(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.adj.被抛弃的;被遗弃的
③(2022·全国乙卷)They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.n.厚层;厚的覆盖层
④(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.n.水槽;洗碗池
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·浙江1月卷)But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank (sink).
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say,assigning (assign) an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps is to give guidance (guide) to citizen scientists.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.
5.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)Fortunately for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic (enthusiasm) exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
6.I’m writing to ask for help—my belongings (belong) were left in the school bus,and I wonder if you could assist in finding them.
7.It is endurance (endure) that helps us overcome difficulties—let’s keep moving forward with courage!
8.She felt envious (envy) when seeing her classmates receive awards,but soon cheered up to work harder.
9.The wind blew bitterly (bitter) and snow covered the fields,making the village look quiet and peaceful.
10.We plan to set off early tomorrow morning to avoid the traffic.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 记叙文—人物介绍—南极探险家
假设你是李华,请你结合本单元提供的两篇航海备忘录及以下内容要点,介绍Shackleton的南极探险故事。
[场景演练]
1.沙克尔顿于1914年带着热情的队员们开始了他的第三次南极探险。(expedition,enthusiastic)
Shackleton began his third expedition to Antarctica in 1914 with his enthusiastic men.
2.经过700多天的艰苦冒险,他和他的队员们安然无恙地返回了。(bitter)
After more than 700 bitter days of adventure,he and his men returned,safe and sound.
3.当他们接近南极洲时,不幸的是,他们的船“坚忍”号被冰毁坏,他们不得不弃船而去。(unfortunately,abandon)
As they approached Antarctica,unfortunately,their ship,Endurance,was crushed by the ice and they had to abandon it.
4.他们扔掉了大部分物品,只带走了一些必需品,比如煮饭的炉子和毯子。(belongings,stove,blanket)
They threw away most belongings and took only essential supplies,such as the cook stove and blankets.
5.由于没有任何获救的机会,沙克尔顿和他的五名忠诚的队员冒险到1 300多千米之外的另一个岛屿寻求帮助。非常艰辛。(loyal,miserable)
As there wasn’t any chance of being rescued,Shackleton ventured more than 1,300 kilometres with five of his loyal men to another island to search for help.It was very miserable.
6.这就是沙克尔顿,一位有责任心、有巨大毅力的领导者。(perseverance)
That was Shackleton,a responsible leader with great perseverance.
7.如果以目标是否实现来衡量成功,那么沙克尔顿的探险几乎都是不成功的。
If success is measured by whether the goal is achieved,almost all Shackleton’s expeditions are unsuccessful.
8.但是,沙克尔顿的南极探险是一次伟大的探险。他是一个真正的领导者,有爱心、有决心。(genuine)
However,Shackleton’s expedition to Antarctica was a great one.He was a genuine leader,caring and determined.
[句式升级]
1.将第4句用现在分词短语作状语进行改写升级。
They threw away most belongings,taking only essential supplies,such as the cook stove and blankets.
2.将第5句用定语从句进行改写升级。
As there wasn’t any chance of being rescued,Shackleton ventured more than 1,300 kilometres with five of his loyal men to another island to search for help,which was very miserable.
[连句成篇]
Shackleton began his third expedition to Antarctica in 1914 with his enthusiastic men.After more than 700 bitter days of adventure,he and his men returned,safe and sound.
As they approached Antarctica,unfortunately,their ship,Endurance,was crushed by the ice and they had to abandon it.They threw away most belongings,taking only essential supplies,such as the cook stove and blankets.As there wasn’t any chance of being rescued,Shackleton ventured more than 1,300 kilometres with five of his loyal men to another island to search for help,which was very miserable.That was Shackleton,a responsible leader with great perseverance.
If success is measured by whether the goal is achieved,almost all Shackleton’s expeditions are unsuccessful.However,Shackleton’s expedition to Antarctica was a great one.He was a genuine leader,caring and determined.
　　丽莎站在那里,带着愧疚的神情凝视着那只打碎的花瓶。让她深感羞耻的是,关于是谁打碎了花瓶她向妈妈说谎了,如今真相像块石头一样压在她的心头。她羞愧地低下头,不敢看妈妈的眼睛。突然,想到自己伤害了这个最爱她的人,她感到内疚,悔恨的泪水涌上眼眶。“对不起,”她低声说道。悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊滑落。她知道,那句谎言再也无法收回了。妈妈温柔的笑容让她更加为自己这个愚蠢的错误感到羞耻,她发誓再也不会让这样的事情发生。
　　Lisa stood there,and ①a guilty look appeared on her face as she fixed her eyes on the broken vase.
②To her deep shame,she had lied to her mum about who did it,and now the truth pressed on her heart like a stone.
She ③lowered/dropped/bowed her head in shame and was afraid to look into her mum’s eyes.
Suddenly,she ④felt guilty for hurting the person who loved her most,and ⑤tears of regret filled her eyes.
“I’m sorry,” she murmured.⑥Regretful tears rolled down her cheeks.She knew she could never take back the lie.
Her mum’s soft smile made her even more ⑦ashamed of her silly mistake,and she vowed to never let such a thing happen again.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.release　　　vt.& n.排放;释放;发布 2.fuel n.燃料;刺激性言行 3.worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的 4.trend n.趋势;趋向;动向 5.broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast,broadcast)播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目 6.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制;扣押;没收 7.reform vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良 8.undergo　　　vt.(underwent,undergone) 经历;经受(变化、不快等) 9.implement vt.使生效;贯彻;执行 10.chaos n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱 11.garbage n.垃圾;废物 12.restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复 13.dozen n.(一)打;十二个 14.fine vt.对……处以罚款 15.campaign n.运动;战役 vi.& vt.参加运动;领导运动
阅 读 词 汇 1.graph　　　　　n.图;图表;曲线图 2.seal n.海豹 3.methane n.甲烷;沼气 4.carbon n.碳 5.dioxide n.二氧化物 6.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 7.fossil n.化石 8.fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油) 9.policy n.政策;方针;原则 10.footprint n.足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积 11.basin　　　n.流域;盆地;盆 12.penguin n.企鹅 13.tropical adj.热带的;来自热带的 14.nuclear adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的 15.jungle n.(热带)丛林;密林 16.smog n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物) 17.volume n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷 18.enterprise n.公司;企业;事业 19.waterway n.水道;航道 20.agenda n.议程表;议事日程
拓 展 词 汇 1.emission n.排放物;散发物;排放→emit vt.散发(光、热、声音、气等);发出 2.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→starvation n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死→starving adj.饥饿的;挨饿的→starved adj.缺乏……的;急需……的 3.ecology n.生态;生态学→ecological adj.生态的,生态学的→ecologist n.生态学者;生态保护论者 4.habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境;栖息地 5.sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的→sustainably adv.可持续地 6.comprehensive adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的→comprehend v.理解;领悟;懂→comprehension n.理解力;领悟能力 7.frequently adv.频繁地;经常→frequent adj.频繁的;时常发生的;惯常的→frequency n.频率;频繁 8.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚→restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→restricted adj.受限制的;受约束的→restrictive adj.限制(性)的;约束(性)的
拓 展 词 汇 9.harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n.协调;和睦;融洽→harmonise vt.(使)协调;(使)和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地 10.moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 vi.& vt.缓和;使适中→moderately adv.适度;一般地→moderation n.适度;节制 11.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→submission n.服从;提交(或呈递)的文件;屈服→ submissive adj.顺从的;听话的 12.annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→annually adv.一年一次地 13.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→sense n.感觉;意义;判断力 vt.意识到→sensible adj.明智的;合理的 14.originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立→origin n.起源;起因;来历→original adj.原先的;最早的 n.原件;原作 15.conservation n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→conservative adj.保守的;因循守旧的→conserve vt.节约;保护;保存→conservationist n.环保主义者 16.regulation n.章程;规章制度→regulate vt.调节;管理;控制 17.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理→dispose vt.布置;安排 18.inspection n.检查;查看;视察→inspect vt.视察;检查→inspector n.检查员;(警察)巡官 19.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许→tolerant adj.容忍的;宽容的→tolerance n.忍耐力;宽容;容忍
重 点 词 块 1.along with...　　　　　与……同样地;除……之外(还) 2.have an impact on 对……有影响 3.release...into... 释放……到…… 4.be trapped in... 被困在;陷入(困境) 5.take appropriate actions 采取适当的行动 6.on behalf of　　　　　代表(代替)某人 7.end up 最终成为;最终处于 8.dozens of 许多;很多 9.carry out 执行;实施 10.in effect 实际上;事实上
重 点 句 型 1.毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。(There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……) There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). 2.一位长期研究北极熊的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这头北极熊像是饿死的。(who引导定语从句;appear to have done) An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died. 3.这些化学物质造成了严重的水质问题,导致鱼的种类减少。(现在分词短语作结果状语) These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,causing a decrease in the number of fish species. 4.有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。(it is believed that...相信……) With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
变动词的前缀“en-”集锦:
①courage→encourage鼓励　　　②rich→enrich充实;使丰富　　　③able→enable使能够;使有机会
④title→entitle给……命名 ⑤force→enforce强制执行 ⑥case→encase把……装箱
⑦wrap→enwrap包;裹;围绕 ⑧circle→encircle环绕;包围 ⑨roll→enroll登记;(使)加入
⑩code→encode把……编码 list→enlist征募;(使)入伍 rage→enrage使异常愤怒;激怒
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The fuels (燃料) for transport need to be not just green,cheap and powerful,but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Similar campaigns (运动) occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (emit). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)One long-term option for sustainable (sustain) fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)One of the four original (origin) copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage (垃圾;废物). 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)After the coding of all submissions (submission),half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)Any restrictions (restriction) established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide(遍及全球地). 10.(2025·浙江1月卷)I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive (restrict),they do make better decisions. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive (sense) resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)No editor is likely to tolerate (忍受) a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. 13.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Is comprehension (comprehend) the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper 14.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats (habitable) and natural world of the Blackstairs. 15.(2024·全国甲卷)What is moderation (moderate) Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs. 16.(2024·全国甲卷)Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual (每年的) celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. 17.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most frequently (frequent),the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” 18.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Ecological (ecology) design” is the name John gives to what he does. 19.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low-income schools. 20.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The researchers then examined these submissions,coding (code) experiences into different categories. 21.(2023·浙江1月卷)These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape... 22.(2023·全国乙卷)Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast (broadcast) more often than before. 23.(2021·天津3月卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life,seeking a harmonious (harmony) relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
①Children starved of care for a long time are often starving for warmth,and this emotional “starvation” needs to be filled with companionship.(starve)
②[建议信]Many students are starved of/for outdoor practice opportunities (缺乏户外实践机会),making it hard to improve their hands-on skills.I suggest our school organise more study trips to enrich students’ experience.
③[演讲稿] 我渴望学好英语,因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
I am starving to/am eager to learn English well because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
2.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
①Discussion in the seminar is restricted to the topic of sustainable energy development.
②[申请信] I promise to restrict myself to following (follow) the rules if I get this job.
③[主旨升华] 真正的自由并非毫无限制地生活,而是懂得如何平衡自由与责任。
True freedom is not living without restriction,but knowing how to balance freedom and responsibility.
3.seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制;扣押;没收
①[动作描写] The teacher seized Tom by the arm when he was about to rush out of the classroom.
②[场景描写] The wind seized the hat from the old man and blew it into the river.
③[建议信] I strongly suggest you seize the chance/opportunity to join the English Speech Contest (你抓住参加英语演讲比赛的机会)— it will improve your skills a lot.
④[神态描写] 火警响起时,他脸色苍白,突然感到惊慌。
His face turned pale and he was seized with/by panic as the fire alarm rang.
与seize用法类似的单词有hit,pat,strike等,构成“动词 + sb+on/in/by + the + 身体部位”结构,表示“敲打某人的身体部位”。on一般接比较硬的身体部位,in接比较软的身体部位,而by一般接身体比较突出的部位。三个介词后面都要用定冠词the,不用物主代词。
4.harmonious adj.和谐的
①In our community,residents live harmoniously,maintaining a harmonious relationship with one another,and this harmony has become the most precious treasure of our neighbourhood.(harmony)
②[建议信] I think your study plan should be harmonious with your daily schedule—don’t push yourself too hard.
③[演讲稿] Dear friends,let’s learn to be in harmony with nature (让我们学会与自然和谐共处),for it’s the home we share.
④[主旨升华] 若人人都学会和谐相处,世界将充满温暖与善意。
If everyone learns to live in harmony,the world will be filled with warmth and kindness.
5.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
①[演讲稿] Let’s take pride in our hard work,not in the submission (submit) to challenges—courage matters most.
②[主旨升华] 坚强的人从不屈服于困难,他们会寻找克服困难的方法。
Strong people never submit to difficulties;they will find ways to overcome them.
③[通知] 对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前把申请书和相关资料提交给老师。
Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit their applications and relevant materials to the teacher by 15 May.
6.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许
①A tolerant person can tolerate different opinions,and such tolerance helps build a harmonious community.(tolerate)
②The park can’t tolerate visitors picking (pick) flowers,so there are signs everywhere to remind them.
③[报道] The community is praised for being tolerant of/towards people with disabilities,offering them convenient facilities.
④[主旨升华] 容忍他人不是软弱,而是成熟与善良的象征。
Having tolerance of/for others is not weakness,but a sign of maturity and kindness.
7.on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
①[邀请信] 我代表学生会写信邀请您参加我校的艺术节。
On behalf of the Students’ Union/On the Students’ Union’s behalf,I’m writing to invite you to take part in our school’s Art Festival.
②“CEO”代表首席执行官。
“CEO” stands for Chief Executive Officer.
③[神态描写] 她坚定的眼神代表着自信,让所有人都相信她能完成任务。
Her determined eyes represent confidence,making everyone believe she can finish the task.
8.There is no/little doubt that ...毫无疑问……
[教材原句] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
①There is some doubt whether the sports meeting will be held as planned (运动会是否按计划举行) due to the bad weather.
②[主旨升华] 毫无疑问,善意就像一盏灯,即使在最黑暗的角落也能带来光明。
There is no/little doubt that kindness,like a light,can brighten even the darkest corners.
③[邀请信] 我毫不怀疑这次夏令营会成为你难忘的经历。
→I don’t doubt that this summer camp will be an unforgettable experience for you.(宾语从句)
→I have no doubt that this summer camp will be an unforgettable experience for you.(同位语从句)
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Local officials were concerned ①that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt ②that urgent steps should be taken ③to restore the river’s original beauty.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句中①和②都是that引导的宾语从句,③是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
自主翻译:地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
情境仿写:[主旨升华] 我们都知道微小的善举能温暖他人的心,相信我们应该传递这份温暖,以使世界更美好。
We all know that small acts of kindness can warm others’ hearts and believe that we should pass on this warmth to make the world better.
Step 1　一词多义& 熟词生义
1.release
A.vt.排放;释放　B.vt.发布;公布 　C.vt.发泄;宣泄　D.n.公开;发行;发布
①When the ice melts,it releases trapped carbon dioxide.　A　
②The new album’s release has been delayed until next month.　D　
③The company plans to release a new electric car model this year.　B　
④Painting the mural allowed her to release her grief while creating something meaningful.　C　
2.seize
A.vt.抓住;捉住 B.vt.抓住,把握(机会等) C.vt.扣押;没收 D.vt.(情绪等) 突然侵袭;控制
①A severe headache seized him as he was working.　D　
②She seized the child’s hand to stop him from running into the road.　A　
③Customs officers seized a large quantity of banned things at the airport.　C　
④You must seize the opportunity to study abroad—it won’t come again.　B　
3.写出语段中黑体词的含义
The fine① weather made us decide to have a picnic,where we enjoyed the fine② wine and fine③ food,savoring every fine④ moment together.
①晴朗的天气让我们决定去野餐,在那里我们品尝了②优质的葡萄酒和③精美的食物,一同享受着每一个④美好的瞬间。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Here’s the breakdown of the emissions (emission) in 2018 for different modes of transport.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)However,if I need to check the origin (originate) of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)...we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.
4.(2022·全国乙卷)Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently (frequent) each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
5.Only in this way can we enjoy a harmonious (harmony) relationship between parents and children.
6.Proper disposal (dispose) of food waste can reduce environmental pollution.
7.I have read and agreed to all the regulations (regulation) of the volunteer programme.
8.A safety inspection (inspect) will be carried out in all classrooms this Friday.
9.The submission (submit) of application forms will end at 5 p.m. this Saturday.
10.Our access to the school lab is restricted to two hours a week,which is far from enough.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 演讲稿—人与环境—全球变暖
　　我们都知道燃烧化石燃料产生的大量二氧化碳气体加剧了“温室效应”。温室效应给我们的日常生活带来了极大的挑战。请就这一话题,写一篇英语发言稿,谈谈全球变暖的危害,并发表个人看法。
[场景演练]
1.我们都知道,燃烧化石燃料产生的大量二氧化碳气体加剧了“温室效应”。(an amount of,carbon dioxide,fossil fuel)
We all know that an amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels adds to the “greenhouse effect”.
2.毫无疑问,人类活动导致了全球气候进一步变暖。(There’s no doubt that...)
There’s no doubt that human activity has resulted in further warming to the global climate.
3.全球变暖导致海平面上升,极端天气和自然灾害频繁发生。(frequent)
Global warming leads to sea level rise,frequent occurrence of extreme weather and natural disasters.
4.这些给人们的和谐生活带来了极大的挑战。(harmonious)
These have brought great challenges to people’s harmonious life.
5.使情况更糟的是,一些气候学家甚至预言如果不采取有效措施,地球将无法再维系生命。(predict,sustain)
To make matters worse,some climate scientists even predict that if humans don’t take effective measures,Earth cannot sustain life any longer.
6.幸运的是,许多国家开始制定全面的政策和法律来保护环境。 (comprehensive)
Luckily,many countries start to make comprehensive policies and laws to protect the environment.
7.与此同时,作为个人,我们应该通过限制日常生活中产生的二氧化碳量来发挥作用。(restrict)
Meanwhile,we as individuals should make a difference by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide from our daily life.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用主语从句进行改写升级。
It’s well known that an amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels adds to the “greenhouse effect”.
2.将第2句用强调句型进行改写升级。
There’s no doubt that it is human activity that has resulted in further warming to the global climate.
3.将第3句和第4句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
Global warming leads to sea level rise,frequent occurrence of extreme weather and natural disasters,which have brought great challenges to people’s harmonious life.
[连句成篇]
　　It’s well known that an amount of carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels adds to the “greenhouse effect”.
There’s no doubt that it is human activity that has resulted in further warming to the global climate.Global warming leads to sea level rise,frequent occurrence of extreme weather and natural disasters,which have brought great challenges to people’s harmonious life.To make matters worse,some climate scientists even predict that if humans don’t take effective measures,Earth cannot sustain life any longer.
Luckily,many countries start to make comprehensive policies and laws to protect the environment.Meanwhile,we as individuals should make a difference by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide from our daily life.
guilty 内疚的 regretful 后悔的 guilt 内疚 regret 后悔 shameful 可耻的;丢脸的 ashamed 感到羞耻的 remorseful 懊悔的;悔恨的 contrite 深感懊悔的;痛悔的 full of guilt 满是愧疚 feel guilty 感到内疚 much to one’s regret 深感遗憾 后悔、 内疚、 自责 with regretful tears in one’s eyes 眼里含着悔恨的泪水 lower/drop/bow one’s head in shame 羞愧地低下了头 tears of regret fill one’s eyes 悔恨的泪水涌上某人的眼眶 to one’s deep shame 令某人深感羞耻的是 to one’s shame 令某人羞愧的是 be ashamed of 为……感到羞耻 with a guilty look 带着愧疚的神情 shed tears of regret 流下后悔的泪水
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 2.　　　　 n.提示;暗示;信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示) 3.　　　　 adj.消极的;有害的;否定的 4.　　　　 n.自制力;纪律;学科;行为准则 vt.自我控制;严格要求;管教;处罚 5.　　　　　　v.删去;删除 6.　　　　 vi.,vt.& n.剃(须发);刮脸 7.　　　　 vt.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n.蹦跳 8.　　　　 adj.头晕目眩的 9.　　　　 n.滑板 vi.滑滑板
阅 读 词 汇 1.tobacco　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.alcohol n.　　　　　　　 3.escalator n.　　　　　　　 4.pill n.　　　　　　　 5.beard n.　　　　　　　 6.cigarette n.　　　　　　　 7.drug　　　　n.　　　　　　　 8.flu n.　　　　　　　 9.dentist n.　　　　　　　 10.nut n.　　　　　　　 11.bowling n.　　　　　　　 12.comedy n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的→　　　　 adv.身体上(地);根本上→　　　　 n.物理学→　　　　 n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→　　　　 n.物理学家;物理学研究者 2.　　　　 vt.& vi.支配;控制;占有优势→　　　　 adj.占优势的;显著的→　　　　 n.控制;支配 3.　　　　 adv.重复地→　　　　 vt.重复(说或写);重复发生→　　　　 adj.重复的;反复发生的→　　　　 n.重复 4.　　　　 n.心理学;心理;心理影响→　　　　 adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的→　　　　 adv.心理上地;心理学地→　　　　 n.心理学家;心理学研究者 5.　　　　 n.回报;奖励;报酬vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬→　　　　 adj.值得做的;有益的;有意义的 6.　　　　 vi.依赖;依靠;信赖→　　　　 adj.可靠的;可信赖的→　　　　 adv.可靠地;确实地→　　　　 n.可靠性 7.　　　　 vt.促进;促使;使便利→　　　　 n.增强;促进→　　　　 n.引导者;促进(或推动)……的事物 8.　　　　 vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验→　　　　 n.考试;(仔细的)检查;审查→　　　　 n.应试人;参加考试者→　　　　 n.审查人;主考人 9.　　　　 adj.悲观的;悲观主义的→　　　　 n.悲观→　　　　 n.悲观主义者 10.　　　　 vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写→　　　　 n.作文;作曲;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品;构成→　　　　 n.(尤指古典音乐的)创作者;作曲者;作曲家 11.　　　　 n.外科医生→　　　　 n.外科手术;外科学
拓 展 词 汇 12.　　　　 n.解放;摆脱→　　　　 vt.解放;使自由;使摆脱约束(或限制)→　　　　 adj.解放的;开放的 13.　　　　 vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼→　　　　 adj.心神不安的;烦恼的→　　　　 adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→　　　　 n.(受)打扰,干扰;骚乱;骚动;失调 14.　　　　 n.专科医生;专家→　　　　 adj.特别的;重要的;特设的→　　　　 vi.专门研究(或从事);专攻→　　　　 adv.特别;专门地 15.　　　　 n.顾问;高级顾问医师→　　　　 vt.咨询;请教;(与某人)商议;查阅→　　　　 n.咨询;商讨;查阅 16.　　　　 vt.激发;促进;刺激→　　　　 n.刺激;激励;鼓舞→　　　　 adj.激励人的;增加活力的 17.　　　　 adj.含糖的;甜的→　　　　 n.糖;食糖→　　　　 adj.不含糖的;无糖的 18.　　　　 adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的→　　　　 adv.动态地;充满活力地;不断变化地 19.　　　　 adv.& adj.每月;每月一次的n.月刊→　　　　 n.月;一个月的时间 20.　　　　 vt.提高;增强;增进→　　　　 n.提高;增加;增强 21.　　　　 vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新→　　　　 n.饮料;恢复活力;焕发精神→　　　　 adj.精神焕发的;神清气爽的→　　　　 adj.令人耳目一新的;使人凉爽的;使人精力充沛的 22.　　　　 vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收;使专心→　　　　 adj.被……吸引住的;专心致志的;全神贯注的→　　　　 adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的→　　　　 n.吸收;并入;专心致志
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　回答;答复 2.　　　　　　　 依赖;依靠;信赖 3.　　　　　　　　 除……之外 4.　　　　　　　 立即;马上 5.　　　　　　　 毕竟;终究 6.　　　　　　　 决定;选定 7.　　　　　　　　　下定决心 8.　　　　　　　 由……组成(或构成)的 9.　　　　　　　 剃掉;刮去 10.　　　　　　　 焦虑不安;心力交瘁 11.　　　　　　　 筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
重 点 句 型 1.如果任其发展,那么在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。(if+省略结构) These bad habits,　　　　　　　　　　　　,could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 2.因此,当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素),我们可以听几首自己最喜欢的音乐(惯常行为),而不是吃零食,这会使我们感到放松(回报)。(which引导非限制性定语从句) So,when we feel unhappy again (cue),rather than eat snacks,we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine),　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.每次和朋友们出去时,我都会从家里带零食,也就是没有添加任何糖分的东西:水果、坚果、肉干等。(whenever引导时间状语从句;that引导定语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I brought snacks from home,things 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　: fruit,nuts,dried meat,etc. 4.不和我的朋友们一起玩网络游戏是一件十分困难的事情,因为我沉迷其中。(it作形式主语;as引导原因状语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 my friends in playing online games 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
表示“人”的后缀“-ant/-ian”集锦:
①history→historian历史学家　　②music→musician音乐家　　　③magic→magician魔术师
④library→librarian图书管理员 ⑤comedy→comedian喜剧演员 ⑥Asia→Asian 亚洲人
⑦politics→politician政治家 ⑧assist→assistant 助手 ⑨account→accountant 会计
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We had decided 　　　　 key items for the apartment we were moving to in town,donated what we could,and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,　　　　 always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters 　　　　 broadened my view and touched my heart. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　　　　　(据估算) that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷)Well you had a lot of 　　　　(sugar) foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices... 6.(2025·浙江1月卷)It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally 　　　　(消极的;有害的) impact. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a 　　　　(reward) experience. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Minimize impact and maximize experience by 　　　　(skip) major holidays or rush hour. 9.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a 　　　　 (rely) weekly supply of fresh greens. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This 　　　　(absorb) new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 11.(2024·全国甲卷)For instance,almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely 　　　　 to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This happened some of the time,but it wasn’t the 　　　　 (dominate) response. 13.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(无论何时我告诉人们) that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look. 14.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with 　　　　 (repeat). 15.(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)Or do you just want to be 　　　　 (physical) fit,able to move with strength and flexibility 16.(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport 　　　　 (special). 17.(2022·全国乙卷)The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,　　　　 turned white in the winter. 18.(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)It will undoubtedly help you get 　　　　 (refresh)! 19.(2021·全国乙卷)Since the effects were small,this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response 　　　　 total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 20.(2021·全国乙卷)I’ve been very 　　　　 (头晕目眩的) lately.And last night,I had some chest pain.
21.(2021·天津3月卷)During the 　　　　 (exam) children don’t move.It works perfectly. 22.(2021·天津6月卷)Back in 1978,I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning,teaching freshmen 　　　　 (compose). 23.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 　　　　 (disturb) happening around his home.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.reward n.回报;奖励;报酬 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
①[建议信] Volunteering at the animal shelter is 　　　　 (reward).It not only helps animals but also teaches you responsibility.
②[神态描写] The teacher smiled and rewarded him 　　　　 a nod for his clever answer—his eyes lit up with joy.
③[感谢信]我很乐意带你游玩西湖,以报答你的慷慨相助。
→I’m more than willing to show you around the West Lake 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(in reward for)
→I’m more than pleased to show you around the West Lake,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　.(现在分词短语作状语)
→I’m very glad to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(reward sb with sth)
2.rely vi.依赖;依靠;信赖
①[演讲稿] We don’t just rely 　　　　 our teachers’ knowledge—we need their 　　　　 (rely) guidance to light up our paths.
②[通知] The school bus will 　　　　 (reliable) depart at 7:30 a.m.,so please arrive at the stop 10 minutes early.
③[心理描写] 她相信父母会理解她的选择,所以内心很平静。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 her parents would understand her choice,so she felt at peace.
④[动作描写]小男孩紧紧抓着爸爸的手,显然是在依靠他穿过拥挤的街道。
→The little boy held his father’s hand tightly,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)
→The little boy held his father’s hand tightly,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(rely on/upon sb/sb’s doing sth)
3.compose vt.& vi.组成;作曲;撰写
①[人物描写]The famous 　　　　 spent three years 　　　　 a symphony,and his 　　　　 won the international music award.(compose)
②[动作描写] 在回答老师的问题前,他停顿了一下,让自己平静下来。
He paused to 　　　　　　　　 before answering the teacher’s question.
③[演讲稿] 成功并非偶然,它由努力、坚持和机遇组成。让我们为梦想全力以赴!
Success is not accidental; it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.Let’s go all out for our dreams!
be made up of,be composed of 和consist of都表示“由……组成(或构成)”,但是consist of 只能用于主动语态,不可用于被动语态。
4.disturb vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼
①The 　　　　 noise from the 　　　　 in the street 　　　　 the old man,making him feel 　　　　 all night.(disturb)
②[神态描写]她眉头紧锁,显然对刚刚听到的消息感到不安。
Her frown showed that she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 she’d just heard.
③[求助信]我很不安地发现自己无法集中精力学习,你能给我一些建议吗
　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I can’t concentrate on studying.Could you give me some advice
5.in response to 回答;答复
①[演讲稿]The value of life lies not in how much applause we get,but in our warm 　　　　 (respond) to the world.
②[动作描写] He didn’t speak but responded 　　　　 nodding slightly to his father’s instructions.
③[主旨升华] 真正的文明,在于对他人的困境作出善意回应,对社会的需求作出积极行动。
True civilisation lies in 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and to society’s needs with positive actions.
④[通知]为响应“绿色出行”倡议,本周六将组织校园骑行活动。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,a campus cycling activity will be held this Saturday.(response)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,a campus cycling activity will be held this Saturday.(respond)
6.make up one’s mind (to do sth) 下定决心(做某事)
①[主旨升华]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我们应该记住) the value of life lies not in speed but direction,not in perfection but persistence—that is the true meaning of growth.
②[主旨升华] 人生路上,我们会多次改变主意,但重要的是坚守我们的初心;无数的想法会进入我们的脑海,但关键是专注于真正重要的事。
On the life journey,we’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　 many times,but what matters is keeping our original heart; countless ideas will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,but the key is
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what truly matters.
③[心理描写] 这首老歌让我想起了快乐的童年。
The old song 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
make up one’s mind中的名词mind有数的变化,根据one’s的单复数来确定mind的单复数。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句]①As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices,I started to analyse my choices,especially ②what I did to relax and ③how it was affecting my whole life.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。①是由as引导的　　　　从句,②是由what引导的　　　　从句,③是由how引导的　　　　从句。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:[主旨升华] 当我们在挑战和失败中成长时,我们获得了真正的智慧,尤其是每一次经历教会了我们什么,以及它是如何把我们塑造成更强大、更有韧性的人的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we gain true wisdom, especially 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.　　　　　　　
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.　　　　　　　
③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They surveyed several hundred park-goers,asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions,coding experiences into different categories.　　　　　　　
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
(1)I skip① the breakfast to save time,then skip② the crowded main road by taking a side street.Along the way,I see kids skip③ over puddles laughing,and I know I can’t skip④ stopping to enjoy such a lively morning.
为了省时间,我会①　　　　早餐,接着走小路来②　　　　拥挤的主干道。路上,我看到孩子们笑着③　　　　　　　　过水洼,我知道自己不能④　　　　停下来享受这充满活力的早晨的机会。
(2)To manage any team,one must first develop discipline① to follow basic discipline②;it’s necessary to discipline③ oneself strictly,and sometimes even discipline④ those who break the rules to maintain order.
要管理任何一个团队,一个人首先必须培养①　　　　以遵守基本的②　　　　;③　　　　自己是必要的,有时甚至需要④　　　　那些违规者来维持秩序。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding 　　　　 (physics) activity into their lives.
2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon 　　　　 (absorb),reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
3.(2023·全国甲卷)A day’s work was rewarded 　　　　 ￡5 in pocket money.
4.(2023·全国乙卷)Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very 　　　　(reward).
5.I suggest you take a 10-minute walk during the break; it will leave you feeling 　　　　 (refresh) for the next class.
6.A medical 　　　　 (special) visited our school yesterday,giving a speech on how to protect eyesight in daily life.
7.Let’s work 　　　　 (dynamic) to make our campus greener because small actions can bring big changes!
8.The school canteen will offer 　　　　 (sugar) drinks to promote healthier choices among students.
9.Join us for the weekend hike—stepping into nature will bring you a sense of 　　　　 (liberate) from daily stress.
10.I believe my experience in organising debates can bring new 　　　　 (stimulate) to the school’s club activities.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入]投稿—健康的生活方式—养成良好的生活习惯
假设你是李华,你校英文报社最近在征稿,主题为“健康的生活方式,我的生活我做主”。请你根据以下要点给报社写一封投稿征文,号召大家养成良好的生活习惯。
[场景演练]
1.我写信来分享我改善生活方式的经历。(lifestyle)
2.4年前,我被一所由10个学院组成的大学录取,主修外科。 (compose,surgery)
3.这所大学以高标准的纪律而闻名。(discipline)
4.由于压力太大,我变得消极和悲观。(negative,pessimistic,stress)
5.我养成了熬夜和不吃早餐的习惯。(get into,skip)
6.直到有一天我患了严重的流感去看医生。(flu)
7.体检后,医生除了给我一些药,还强烈要求我改掉坏习惯。(physical,pill)
8.最终,我听从医生的建议,下定决心过健康的生活。(make up one’s mind)
9.现在我活力焕发,感觉更加精力充沛。 我相信每个人都能做出改变。(refresh,dynamic)
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用where引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第4句和第5句用形容词作状语进行改写升级。
3.将第7句用not only... but also...进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
要求:请根据P288的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
I heard a crash from the living room and rushed over. When I held up the broken vase,Tom hung his head instantly.He smiled awkwardly,①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(独立主格结构).②　　　　　　　　　　 　　(现在分词短语作状语),he stared at his feet.③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (形容词短语作状语),his face burned.④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(so...that...倒装) that my anger faded.“I...I didn’t mean it,” he mumbled,⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　(whose引导非限制性定语从句).⑥　
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》

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