资源简介

写 作 词 汇 1.range　　　n.一系列;范围、界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 2.figure n.人物;数字;身材 vt.认为;认定 3.gratitude n.感激之情;感谢 4.harvest n.收获季节;收获;收成 vi.& vt.收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼) 5.gather vi.聚集;集合 vt.聚集;搜集;收割 6.feature vt.以……为特色 n.特色;特征;特点 7.fade vi.& vt.逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 8.atmosphere　n.气氛;氛围;(地球的)大气(层) 9.pleased adj.高兴的;满意的 10.frank adj.坦率的;直率的 11.inner adj.内部的;里面的;内心的 12.fancy adj.花哨的;精致的;昂贵的 vt.想要;倾慕;自认为是 13.moment n.片刻;瞬间 14.clap vt.鼓掌;拍手;击掌 n.鼓掌;拍手;掌声
阅 读 词 汇 1.lantern　　　n.灯笼;提灯 2.carnival n.狂欢节;嘉年华 3.costume n.(某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏装 4.march vi.& n.行进;前进;示威游行 5.riddle n.谜语;神秘事件 6.ceremony n.典礼;仪式 7.samba n.桑巴舞;桑巴舞曲 8.make-up n.化妆品;性格;构成方式 9.crop n.庄稼;作物;一季的收成 10.church n.(基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 11.firecracker n.鞭炮;爆竹 12.evil adj.邪恶的;有害的;罪恶的 n.邪恶;罪恶;恶行 13.medium n.(pl.media)媒介;手段;方法 adj.中等的;中号的 14.the media 大众传播媒介 15.lunar adj.阴历的;月球的;月亮的 16.eve n.前夕;前一天 17.envelope n.信封;塑料封套 18.Christmas carol　　　圣诞颂歌 19.Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐! 20.pumpkin n.南瓜 21.pudding n.布丁;(餐末的)甜食 22.mashed potatoes 土豆泥 23.roast adj.烤的;焙的 vi.& vt.烘烤;焙 24.turkey n.火鸡;火鸡肉 25.roast turkey 烤火鸡肉 26.firework n.烟火;烟花; [pl.]烟花表演 27.autonomous adj.自治的;有自治权的 28.archery n.射箭术;射箭运动 29.robe n.袍服;礼袍 30.eagle n.雕 31.tent n.帐篷 32.pot n.罐;壶;锅 33.branch n.树枝;分支;支流 34.wedding n.婚礼;结婚庆典
拓 展 词 汇 1.congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪→ congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜 2.origin n.起源;起因;出身→ original adj.起初的;原先的;独创的→ originally adv.起初;原来;独创地 3.religion n.宗教;宗教信仰→ religious adj.宗教的;笃信宗教的 4.charm n.魅力;迷人的特征;咒语→charming adj.迷人的;富有魅力的 5.joy n.高兴;喜悦→joyful adj.高兴的;快乐的;令人愉快的→joyfully adv.高兴地;喜悦地 6.agriculture n.农业;农艺→agricultural adj.农业(劳动/生产) 7.grateful adj.感激的;表示感谢的→gratefully adv.感激地;感谢地→gratefulness n.感恩;感激 8.decorate vt.装饰;装潢→decoration n.装饰;装饰品;装潢→decorative adj.装饰性的;用作装饰的 9.significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的 →significance n.重要性;意义;含义→significantly adv.显著地;值得注意地;意味深长地 mercial adj.商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→commercialise (NAmE also -ize) vt.使商业化;利用……牟利 →commercialisation (NAmE also -ization) n.商业化 11.reflect vt.显示;反映;反射→reflection n.反射;回声;反思;反省 →reflective adj.反射的;反光的;沉思的;体现……的 12.belief n.信仰;信心;信任 →believe vt.相信;认为;信任→believable adj.可信的→unbelievable adj.难以置信的 13.faith n.宗教信仰;信任;相信→faithful adj.忠实的;忠诚的;可信的→faithfully adv.忠实地;忠诚地;如实地 14.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会→occasional adj.偶尔的;不经常的;为特殊场合所准备的→occasionally adv.偶然;偶尔 15.merry adj.愉快的;高兴的→merrily adv.愉快地;高兴地;欢乐地 16.region n.地区;区域;地带 →regional adj.地区的;区域的 17.represent vt.象征;代表;相当于→ representative adj.典型的;有代表性的 n.代表;代表人物;代理人 18.wrestle vi.& vt.摔跤;奋力对付 →wrestling n.摔跤运动 →wrestler n.摔跤运动员 19.grace n.优美;优雅;高雅→graceful adj.优美的;优雅的;得体的;有风度的→gracefully adv.优雅地;温文地 20.absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地→absolute adj.绝对的;完全的 21.brief adj.简洁的;简单的;短暂的→briefly adv.简洁地;简单地;短暂地 22.respect n.& vt.尊敬;尊重→respectable adj.值得尊敬的;体面的→respectful adj.尊敬的;恭敬的;有礼貌的 23.horrible adj.令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的 →horribly adv.令人震惊地;恐怖地;极坏地 →horror n.震惊;恐怖;恐惧 24.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的→typically adv.典型地;有代表性地;一般,通常
重 点 词 块 1. after all　　　 　　毕竟;别忘了 2.dress (sb) up 穿上盛装;装扮 3.range from...to... 包括从……到……之间 4.fade away 逐渐消失;(身体)变得虚弱 5.in spite of 不管;尽管 6.take advantage of 利用;欺骗;占……的便宜 7.have sth in common　　(兴趣、想法等方面)相同;有相同的特征 8.to be frank 坦白说;坦率地说 9.go off 爆炸;走火;离开 10.except for 除……之外 11.set off 出发;动身;启程
重 点 句 型 1.然而,无论节日多么迥异,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。(“no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句) However,no matter how different they may seem,all over the world,the spirit of sharing joy,gratitude,love,or peace is common in all festivals. 2.节日正变得越来越商业化,商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。(with复合结构) Festivals are becoming more and more commercial,with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 3.购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。(it作形式宾语) 　Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 4.几首歌唱毕,选手们开始在草地上翩翩起舞,他们挥动着双臂,宛如雄鹰。(现在分词作伴随状语;as if 引导方式状语从句) After singing some songs,the competitors danced onto the green field,waving their arms in the air as if they were eagles. 5.听说这是因为儿童体重更轻,马儿才能跑得更快、更远。(because 引导表语从句) I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.
动词变名词的后缀“-ption” 集锦:
①adopt→adoption 采用;收养　　　　　　　　　
②adapt→adaption 适应;改编本
③corrupt→corruption 贪污;堕落
④interrupt→interruption 中断;打扰
⑤opt→option 选项;选择权
⑥prescribe→prescription 药方;指示
⑦subscribe→subscription 订阅;会员费
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)After all(毕竟),I had left him little choice. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering (gather) in the early summer. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance (significant) —the ability to connect people,to put us in another’s skin,to teach us what it means to be human. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)It was an awkward moment(片刻;瞬间).I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house,and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect (尊敬;尊重)for the other side. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family,where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range(范围、界限),and central heating doesn’t exist. 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions (region),time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent(代表) actual global biodiversity patterns. 9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)After studying agriculture(农业),medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
10.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured(认为),maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. 11.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is,no matter how(无论多么) small it might seem,write it down. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智),wealth or faith(信仰) of the subject. 13.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they occasionally (occasion) make salads for their entire schools. 14.(2023· 浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to celebrate a unique honey harvest(收获). 15.(2023·全国甲卷)If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically (typical) pass by without trouble. 16.(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief (believe)that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances. 17.(2023·全国甲卷)Here’s a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common(有相同的特征) 18.(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere(氛围),the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots,yet still manages to add a special twist. 19.(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson,who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this branch(分支,分店) in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. 20.(2023·全国甲、乙卷)As a musician,it’s important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections(reflect) of your own feelings. 21.(2023·全国乙卷)In spite of(尽管) the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜;祝贺词(常用复数)
① [动作描写] 听到自己获得奖学金的消息,他激动地站起来,接受周围人诚挚的祝贺。
Upon hearing the news that he had got a scholarship,he stood up excitedly,receiving heartfelt congratulations from everyone around.
② [情感描写] 一封祝贺信进入了她的邮箱,当她打开它时,一股兴奋之情在她血管里奔涌。
A letter of congratulation found its way into her mailbox,and as she unfolded it,a rush of excitement coursed through her veins.
③[新闻报道] 在毕业典礼上,校长向所有毕业生表示祝贺,并鼓励我们勇敢追求梦想。
At the graduation ceremony,the principal extended/offered/expressed/sent his congratulations to all the graduates and encouraged us to pursue our dreams bravely.
2.range n.一系列;范围、界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
①[场景描写] 他望向远处连绵的山脉,思考着如何跨越这片广阔的区域以完成探险。
He looked into the distance at the continuous mountain range,thinking about how to cross this vast area to complete his expedition.
②[动作描写] 她快速浏览了书架上的书籍,手指在一排排书脊上划过,寻找那本关于野生动物的画册。
She quickly scanned the bookshelf,her fingers gliding over the range of spines,searching for the wildlife album.
③ [邀请信] 我们夏令营的活动从体育到艺术应有尽有,确保每个人都能有愉快的体验。
The activities in our summer camp range from sports to the arts,ensuring that everyone can have a pleasant experience.
④[介绍信] 除了这些传统活动,我们还有一些更广泛的选择,如旅游和拜访我们的亲戚或朋友。
In addition to these traditional activities,we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
3.figure n.人物;数字;身材;画像;雕像;图表 vt.认为;认定;估计;计算
A.n.数字　B.n.身材　C.n.人物
D.n.图表　E.vt.认为
①Figures for April show a slight improvement on previous months.　A　
②I figured if I took the night train,I could be in England by morning. 　E　
③Only by eating proper food and taking regular exercise can you keep your figure.　B　
④As for my favourite figure in Chinese history,it must be Confucius,a great thinker in ancient China.　C　
⑤Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.　D　
⑥[情境描写] 月光下,一个模糊的身影站在街角,静静地注视着远方。
Under the moonlight,a shadowy figure stood at the street corner,gazing silently into the distance.
4.grateful adj.感激的;表示感谢的
①I’m deeply grateful for your timely help during the crisis.
②[感谢信] I am grateful to you for decorating our classroom for the graduation ceremony.
③[感谢信] I am writing to convey my heartfelt gratefulness(grateful) for what you have done for me.
④[求助信] 如果您能给我一些关于如何适应新环境的建议,我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful/I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to adapt to new surroundings.
⑤[情感描写] 他怀着感激之情看着她,知道她的话让他没有放弃。
He looked at her with gratitude,knowing that her words had saved him from giving up.
⑥[场景描写] 当志愿者把丢失的钱包交还给他时,他眼中闪着泪光,不停地说着他是多么感激。
When the volunteer returned his lost wallet,his eyes glistened with tears as he kept saying how grateful he was.
5.significant adj.有重大意义的;重要的;显著的
①The discovery of this new element is of significant importance,as it could potentially change our understanding of chemistry and has significantly increased the significance of this research field.(significant)
②[建议信] 此外,古筝对中国民间音乐具有重要意义,将你引向一个美妙的音乐世界。
Besides,guzheng is of great significance to/is significant to Chinese folk music,leading you to a wonderful music world.
③[主旨升华] 很明显,生命中最珍贵的礼物是友谊。
It is significant that the most precious gift of life is friendship.
④他认为这个警告不重要并继续他的冒险,但这最终成了一个大错误。
He attached little significance/importance to the warning and continued his adventure,but it turned out to be a big mistake.
⑤[2025·新课标Ⅱ卷] 对于成年人来说,志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处。
For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
6.reflect vt.显示;反映;反射;反思;思考
①The success of our project is reflected (reflect) in the high satisfaction rate of our clients.
②Usually a child’s behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family environment.
③[动作描写] 坐在窗户边,他认真思考了自己过去的错误并决定做出改变。
Sitting by the window,he reflected on/upon his past mistakes and decided to make a change.
④[情境描写] 他陷入了深思,没有注意到时间的流逝。
He was lost in reflection/thought,not noticing the time passing by.
⑤[环境描写] 夕阳的余晖映照在玻璃幕墙上,整栋大楼仿佛被点燃了一般。
The setting sun’s glow reflected on the glass curtain wall,making the whole building appear ablaze.
reflect当“倒映;反射”讲时,常用作及物动词;reflect当“反思;思考”讲时,常用作不及物动词。
7.respect n.& vt.尊敬;尊重 n.敬意;方面
①The respected professor was treated with respectful attitudes by people of all walks of life especially those who performed well respectively in their own field.(respect)
②All the students respect their history teacher for his profound knowledge and fair attitude.
③[情感描写] 当老兵颤抖着手指向军功章时,年轻记者屏住呼吸,眼中闪烁着真诚的敬意。
When the veteran pointed at his military medals with trembling fingers,the young reporter held his breath,sincere respect shining in his eyes.
respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“着眼点;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
8.set off 出发;动身;启程;引起;燃放;触发(警报);衬托出
A.引起,引发　B.燃放　C.衬托出　D.出发
①As the sun rose,they set off towards the distant mountains,their hearts filled with hope and excitement.　D　
②His careless remark set off her long-suppressed tears.　A　
③People used to set off the fireworks in the dark night,lighting up the sky with colourful sparks.
　B　
④The plain white walls in the exhibition set off the vibrant paintings strikingly.　C　
⑤早上,她写下了当天的计划,然后开始打扫房间。之后,她留出了一些钱以备不时之需,并为学习制定了新的时间表。下午,她动身前往图书馆,她读了一些以古代为背景的故事。
In the morning,she set down her plans for the day,then set about cleaning the room.After that,she set aside some money for emergencies and set up a new schedule for her study.In the afternoon,she set out for the library and read some stories set in ancient times.
9.“no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句
[教材原句] However,no matter how different they may seem,all over the world,the spirit of sharing joy,gratitude,love,or peace is common in all festivals.
然而,无论节日多么迥异,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日
之中。
①[建议信] 无论这个问题有多难,你都不应该放弃,因为坚持是成功的关键。
No matter how/However difficult this problem is,you should never give up,because persistence is the key to success.
②[演讲稿] 无论你选择哪条职业道路,只要你全力以赴,就一定能实现自己的价值。
No matter which/Whichever career path you choose,you can surely realize your value as long as you give it your all.
③无论生活将他带向何方,他始终把父亲的忠告铭记于心。
No matter where/Wherever life took him,he always carried his father’s advice in his heart.
④[主旨升华] 无论别人怎么说,她都相信自己的梦想,永不放弃。
No matter what/Whatever others said,she believed in her dream and never gave up.
①no matter how意为“不管多么……,无论多么……”,引导让步状语从句,相当于however,此时however后接形容词或副词的原级,即“however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语”。
②“疑问词+-ever”类的词有whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,wherever,whenever,however,它们可以引导让步状语从句,通常可以转换为“no matter+疑问词”。
③“疑问词+-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句;而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
10.it作形式宾语
[教材原句] Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。
①现代科技让我们足不出户就能购物变得可能。
Modern technology has made it possible for us to shop without leaving home.
②[建议信] 老师认为每天阅读英文报纸对提高英语水平很有帮助。
The teacher thinks it very helpful to read English newspapers daily for improving English.
③[心理描写] 他们感觉在日落前到达山顶是不可能的,但他们没有放弃。
They felt it impossible to reach the top of the mountain before sunset,but they didn’t give up.
当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。下列四种情况须用it作形式宾语:
①当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词(如 think、make、find、consider、feel、believe等)的宾语时。
②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如appreciate、enjoy、like、dislike、love、hate、 prefer等,往往不能直接接宾语从句。
③that 引导的宾语从句一般不能直接作介词的宾语,而应用“动词+prep.+it+that从句”结构,常见的有see to it that,depend on it that,insist on it that。
④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it, 即用“动词+it+介词短语+that从句”结构,常见的有take it for granted that,owe it to sb that。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] And ①if you study festivals carefully,you may be surprised to find ②that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是you may be surprised to find...after all;①为if引导的条件状语从句;②是 that 引导的宾语从句,作find的宾语。
自主翻译:此外,如果你仔细研究各种节日,你可能会惊讶地发现,不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。
情境仿写:如果你仔细研究传统技艺,你可能会惊讶地发现,不同的地区实际上终究有着许多相似的创意理念。
If you study traditional crafts carefully,you may be surprised to find that different regions actually share many similar creative ideas after all.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.v.显示
②(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.adj.明显的
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.n.特征
④(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch.v.收集
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
After carefully examining the figure① in the research paper,the scientist noticed an error in the data.As a leading figure② in her field,she knew this discovery could change current theories.The surprising figure③ shocked everyone.
科学家仔细检查了研究论文中的①图表后,发现了一个数据错误。作为该领域的领军②人物,她知道这个发现可能会改变现有理论。这个出人意料的③数字震惊了所有人。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally(occasion) laugh at his unusual methods.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A feeling of gratitude (grateful) washed over me as I heard his words.
3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued and respected (respect),no matter my level of artistic ability.
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration (decorate),and the hutongs were narrower.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”,originally(origin) meaning “water well” in Mongolian,appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
6.They finally reached the small village,surrounded by vast green agricultural (agriculture) fields.
7.Despite their different backgrounds,they discovered they had one thing in common—a passion for adventure.
8.I congratulated him on winning an award in the talent show.
9.“Frankly (frank),I don’t know how we’re going to get out of this mess,” she said,her voice shaking with fear.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 告知信—节日和庆祝—端午节
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom想了解中国端午节的有关情况。请你给他写一封电子邮件,告知相关信息。
[场景演练]
1.收到你询问有关中国端午节的来信,我非常高兴。(pleased)
I’m more than pleased to receive your letter asking about the Dragon Boat Festival in China.
2.在这里,我会坦诚地与你分享其细节。(frank)
Here, I’ll be frank with you and share its details.
3.端午节有着重要且具有历史意义的起源。它在每年农历五月初五。(significant,origin,lunar)
The Dragon Boat Festival has a significant and historic origin.It falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year.
4.这个节日是为了纪念我们历史上的杰出人物屈原而设立的。(figure)
This festival is held in honour of Qu Yuan, a remarkable figure in our history.
5.人们利用这个特殊时刻相聚在一起。(take advantage of,moment,gather)
People take advantage of this special moment to gather together.
6.一系列的活动营造出了美妙的氛围,其中最典型的是龙舟比赛和吃粽子。(range,atmosphere,typical)
There is a range of activities creating a wonderful atmosphere.The most typical of them are dragon boat races and eating zongzi.
7.我很感激你对我们的传统节日感兴趣。我真诚地希望我的介绍能帮助你更好地理解它。(grateful)
I’m grateful that you show interest in our traditional festival.I sincerely hope my introduction can help you understand it better.
[句式升级]
1.将第3句用定语从句进行改写升级。
The Dragon Boat Festival,which has a significant and historic origin,falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year.
2.将第6句用of which引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
There is a range of activities creating a wonderful atmosphere,of which the most typical are dragon boat races and eating zongzi.
[连句成篇]
Dear Tom,
I’m more than pleased to receive your letter asking about the Dragon Boat Festival in China.Here,I’ll be frank with you and share its details.
The Dragon Boat Festival,which has a significant and historic origin,falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year.This festival is held in honour of Qu Yuan,a remarkable figure in our history.People take advantage of this special moment to gather together.There is a range of activities creating a wonderful atmosphere,of which the most typical are dragon boat races and eating zongzi.
I’m grateful that you show interest in our traditional festival.I sincerely hope my introduction can help you understand it better.
Yours,
Li Hua
一听到这个坏消息,她眼眶泛红。她几乎要哭出来了,喉咙哽咽,几乎无法呼吸。抑制许久的泪水开始像雨点一样从她的脸颊上滚落下来。她的心因一种无法形容的痛苦而感到疼痛。疼痛是明显的,完全吞噬了她。在这悲伤的时刻,她号啕大哭,啜泣声在空荡荡的房间里回荡。她之前从未感到如此孤独和失落。然而,黑暗中总有一线希望。突然,她停止哭泣并擦去了眼泪,决心面对困难。
The moment she heard the bad news,①her eyes reddened.
She was close to tears,②her throat choked,and she could hardly breathe.
Tears,which she had tried to hold back for so long,started to ③stream down her cheeks like raindrops.Her heart ached with a pain she couldn’t describe.
The pain was clear,absorbing her totally.In this moment of sadness,she ④wailed loudly and ⑤her sobs echoed in the empty room.She had never felt so alone and lost before.
However,there’s always a glimmer of hope in the darkness.Suddenly,she stopped crying,
wiped the tears and determined to face the difficulty.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　n.一系列;范围、界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 2.　　　　 n.人物;数字;身材 vt.认为;认定 3.　　　　 n.感激之情;感谢 4.　　　　 n.收获季节;收获;收成 vi.& vt.收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼) 5.　　　　 vi.聚集;集合 vt.聚集;搜集;收割 6.　　　　 vt.以……为特色 n.特色;特征;特点 7.　　　　　　vi.& vt.逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 8.　　　　 n.气氛;氛围;(地球的)大气(层) 9.　　　　 adj.高兴的;满意的 10.　　　　 adj.坦率的;直率的 11.　　　　 adj.内部的;里面的;内心的 12.　　　　 adj.花哨的;精致的;昂贵的 vt.想要;倾慕;自认为是 13.　　　　 n.片刻;瞬间 14.　　　　 vt.鼓掌;拍手;击掌 n.鼓掌;拍手;掌声
阅 读 词 汇 1.lantern　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.carnival n.　　　　　　　 3.costume n.　　　　　　　 4.march vi.& n.　　　　　　　 5.riddle n.　　　　　　　 6.ceremony n.　　　　　　　 7.samba n.　　　　　　　 8.make-up n.　　　　　　　 9.crop n.　　　　　　　 10.church n.　　　　　　　 11.firecracker n.　　　　　　　 12.evil adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 13.medium n.(pl.media)　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 14.the media 　　　　　　　 15.lunar adj.　　　　　　　 16.eve n.　　　　　　　 17.envelope n.　　　　　　　 18.Christmas carol　　　　　　　　　　 19.Merry Christmas! 　　　　　　　 20.pumpkin n.　　　　　　　 21.pudding n.　　　　　　　 22.mashed potatoes 　　　　　　　 23.roast adj.　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.　　　　　　 24.turkey n.　　　　　　　 25.roast turkey 　　　　　　　 26.firework n.　　　　　　　 [pl.]　　　　　　　 27.autonomous adj.　　　　　　　 28.archery n.　　　　　　　 29.robe n.　　　　　　　 30.eagle n.　　　　　　　 31.tent n.　　　　　　　 32.pot n.　　　　　　　 33.branch n.　　　　　　　 34.wedding n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 vt.向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪→ 　　　　 n.祝贺;恭喜 2.　　　　 n.起源;起因;出身→ 　　　　 adj.起初的;原先的;独创的→ 　　　　 adv.起初;原来;独创地 3.　　　　 n.宗教;宗教信仰→ 　　　　 adj.宗教的;笃信宗教的 4.　　　　 n.魅力;迷人的特征;咒语→　　　　 adj.迷人的;富有魅力的 5.　　　　 n.高兴;喜悦→　　　　 adj.高兴的;快乐的;令人愉快的→　　　　 adv.高兴地;喜悦地 6.　　　　 n.农业;农艺→　　　　 adj.农业(劳动/生产) 7.　　　　 adj.感激的;表示感谢的→　　　　 adv.感激地;感谢地→　　　　 n.感恩;感激 8.　　　　 vt.装饰;装潢→　　　　 n.装饰;装饰品;装潢→　　　　 adj.装饰性的;用作装饰的 9.　　　　 adj.有重大意义的;显著的 →　　　　 n.重要性;意义;含义→　　　　 adv.显著地;值得注意地;意味深长地 10.　　　　 adj.商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→　　　　 (NAmE also -ize) vt.使商业化;利用……牟利 →　　　　 (NAmE also -ization) n.商业化 11.　　　　 vt.显示;反映;反射→　　　　 n.反射;回声;反思;反省 →　　　　 adj.反射的;反光的;沉思的;体现……的 12.　　　　 n.信仰;信心;信任 →　　　　 vt.相信;认为;信任→　　　　 adj.可信的→　　　　 adj.难以置信的 13.　　　　 n.宗教信仰;信任;相信→　　　　 adj.忠实的;忠诚的;可信的→　　　　 adv.忠实地;忠诚地;如实地 14.　　　　 n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会→　　　　 adj.偶尔的;不经常的;为特殊场合所准备的→　　　　 adv.偶然;偶尔 15.　　　　 adj.愉快的;高兴的→　　　　 adv.愉快地;高兴地;欢乐地 16.　　　　 n.地区;区域;地带 →　　　　 adj.地区的;区域的 17.　　　　 vt.象征;代表;相当于→ 　　　　 adj.典型的;有代表性的 n.代表;代表人物;代理人 18.　　　　 vi.& vt.摔跤;奋力对付 →　　　　 n.摔跤运动 →　　　　n.摔跤运动员 19.　　　　 n.优美;优雅;高雅→　　　　 adj.优美的;优雅的;得体的;有风度的→　　　　 adv.优雅地;温文地 20.　　　　 adv.绝对地;完全地→　　　　 adj.绝对的;完全的 21.　　　　 adj.简洁的;简单的;短暂的→　　　　 adv.简洁地;简单地;短暂地 22.　　　　 n.& vt.尊敬;尊重→　　　　 adj.值得尊敬的;体面的→　　　　 adj.尊敬的;恭敬的;有礼貌的 23.　　　　 adj.令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的 →　　　　 adv.令人震惊地;恐怖地;极坏地 →　　　　 n.震惊;恐怖;恐惧 24.　　　　 adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的→　　　　 adv.典型地;有代表性地;一般,通常
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　毕竟;别忘了 2.　　　　　　　 穿上盛装;装扮 3.　　　　　　　 包括从……到……之间 4.　　　　　　　 逐渐消失;(身体)变得虚弱 5.　　　　　　　 不管;尽管 6.　　　　　　　 利用;欺骗;占……的便宜 7.　　　　　　　　　　(兴趣、想法等方面)相同;有相同的特征 8.　　　　　　　 坦白说;坦率地说 9.　　　　　　　　 爆炸;走火;离开 10.　　　　　　　 除……之外 11.　　　　　　　 出发;动身;启程
重 点 句 型 1.然而,无论节日多么迥异,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日之中。(“no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句) However,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,all over the world,the spirit of sharing joy,gratitude,love,or peace is common in all festivals. 2.节日正变得越来越商业化,商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。(with复合结构) Festivals are becoming more and more commercial,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。(it作形式宾语) 　Online shopping websites and social media apps have 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.几首歌唱毕,选手们开始在草地上翩翩起舞,他们挥动着双臂,宛如雄鹰。(现在分词作伴随状语;as if 引导方式状语从句) After singing some songs,the competitors danced onto the green field,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.听说这是因为儿童体重更轻,马儿才能跑得更快、更远。(because 引导表语从句) I heard it is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and the horses can run faster and farther.
动词变名词的后缀“-ption” 集锦:
①adopt→adoption 采用;收养　　　　　　　　　②adapt→adaption 适应;改编本
③corrupt→corruption 贪污;堕落 ④interrupt→interruption 中断;打扰
⑤opt→option 选项;选择权 ⑥prescribe→prescription 药方;指示
⑦subscribe→subscription 订阅;会员费
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　(毕竟),I had left him little choice. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small 　　　　 (gather) in the early summer. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)When the final bell rang in June,I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful 　　　　 (significant) —the ability to connect people,to put us in another’s skin,to teach us what it means to be human. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)It was an awkward 　　　　 (片刻;瞬间).I didn’t want Toby to be running around in the house,and my brother wasn’t happy with driving home with a wet dog. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of 　　　　 (尊敬;尊重)for the other side. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family,where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-　　　　(范围、界限),and central heating doesn’t exist.
7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain 　　　　 (region),time periods,and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 8.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data 　　　　(代表) actual global biodiversity patterns. 9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)After studying 　　　　(农业),medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions. 10.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)With the right combination of animals and plants,he 　　　　(认为),maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. 11.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Whatever it is,　　　　　　　　(无论多么) small it might seem,write it down. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智),wealth or 　　　　(信仰) of the subject. 13.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Several times a year,students cook the vegetables they grow,and they 　　　　 (occasion) make salads for their entire schools. 14.(2023· 浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to celebrate a unique honey 　　　　(收获). 15.(2023·全国甲卷)If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will 　　　　 (typical) pass by without trouble. 16.(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the 　　　　 (believe)that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances. 17.(2023·全国甲卷)Here’s a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all 　　　　　　　　(有相同的特征) 18.(2023·全国甲卷)Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant 　　　　(氛围),the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots,yet still manages to add a special twist. 19.(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson,who received a Michelin star for his London- based Thai restaurant of the same name,opened this 　　　　(分支,分店) in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. 20.(2023·全国甲、乙卷)As a musician,it’s important to give maximum attention and time to your own 　　　　(reflect) of your own feelings. 21.(2023·全国乙卷)　　　　　　　　(尽管) the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜;祝贺词(常用复数)
① [动作描写] 听到自己获得奖学金的消息,他激动地站起来,接受周围人诚挚的祝贺。
Upon hearing the news that he had got a scholarship,he stood up excitedly,　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　 from everyone around.
② [情感描写] 一封祝贺信进入了她的邮箱,当她打开它时,一股兴奋之情在她血管里奔涌。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and as she unfolded it,a rush of excitement coursed through her veins.
③[新闻报道] 在毕业典礼上,校长向所有毕业生表示祝贺,并鼓励我们勇敢追求梦想。
At the graduation ceremony,the principal 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 and encouraged us to pursue our dreams bravely.
2.range n.一系列;范围、界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
①[场景描写] 他望向远处连绵的山脉,思考着如何跨越这片广阔的区域以完成探险。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,thinking about how to cross this vast area to complete his expedition.
②[动作描写] 她快速浏览了书架上的书籍,手指在一排排书脊上划过,寻找那本关于野生动物的画册。
She quickly scanned the bookshelf,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,searching for the wildlife album.
③ [邀请信] 我们夏令营的活动从体育到艺术应有尽有,确保每个人都能有愉快的体验。
The activities in our summer camp 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,ensuring that everyone can have a pleasant experience.
④[介绍信] 除了这些传统活动,我们还有一些更广泛的选择,如旅游和拜访我们的亲戚或
朋友。
In addition to these traditional activities,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
3.figure n.人物;数字;身材;画像;雕像;图表 vt.认为;认定;估计;计算
A.n.数字　　B.n.身材　　C.n.人物 D.n.图表　　E.vt.认为
①Figures for April show a slight improvement on previous months.　　　
②I figured if I took the night train,I could be in England by morning.　　　
③Only by eating proper food and taking regular exercise can you keep your figure.　　　
④As for my favourite figure in Chinese history,it must be Confucius,a great thinker in ancient China.　　　
⑤Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.　　　
⑥[情境描写] 月光下,一个模糊的身影站在街角,静静地注视着远方。
Under the moonlight,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,gazing silently into the distance.
4.grateful adj.感激的;表示感谢的
①I’m deeply grateful 　　　　 your timely help during the crisis.
②[感谢信] I am grateful 　　　　 you 　　　　 decorating our classroom for the graduation ceremony.
③[感谢信] I am writing to convey my heartfelt 　　 　　(grateful) for what you have done for me.
④[求助信] 如果您能给我一些关于如何适应新环境的建议,我将不胜感激。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 if you could give me some advice on how to adapt to new surroundings.
⑤[情感描写] 他怀着感激之情看着她,知道她的话让他没有放弃。
He looked at her 　　　　　　　　,knowing that her words had saved him from giving up.
⑥[场景描写] 当志愿者把丢失的钱包交还给他时,他眼中闪着泪光,不停地说着他是多么
感激。
When the volunteer returned his lost wallet,his eyes glistened with tears as he 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　.
5.significant adj.有重大意义的;重要的;显著的
①The discovery of this new element is of 　　　　 importance,as it could potentially change our understanding of chemistry and has 　　　　 increased the 　　　　 of this research field.(significant)
②[建议信] 此外,古筝对中国民间音乐具有重要意义,将你引向一个美妙的音乐世界。
Besides,guzheng 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Chinese folk music,leading you to a wonderful music world.
③[主旨升华] 很明显,生命中最珍贵的礼物是友谊。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the most precious gift of life is friendship.
④他认为这个警告不重要并继续他的冒险,但这最终成了一个大错误。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and continued his adventure,but it turned out to be a big mistake.
⑤[2025·新课标Ⅱ卷] 对于成年人来说,志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处。
For adults,volunteering can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.reflect vt.显示;反映;反射;反思;思考
①The success of our project 　　　　 (reflect) in the high satisfaction rate of our clients.
②Usually a child’s behaviour is a 　　　　 (reflect) of his family environment.
③[动作描写] 坐在窗户边,他认真思考了自己过去的错误并决定做出改变。
Sitting by the window,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and decided to make a change.
④[情境描写] 他陷入了深思,没有注意到时间的流逝。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,not noticing the time passing by.
⑤[环境描写] 夕阳的余晖映照在玻璃幕墙上,整栋大楼仿佛被点燃了一般。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,making the whole building appear ablaze.
reflect当“倒映;反射”讲时,常用作及物动词;reflect当“反思;思考”讲时,常用作不及物动词。
7.respect n.& vt.尊敬;尊重 n.敬意;方面
①The 　　　　 professor was treated with 　　　　 attitudes by people of all walks of life especially those who performed well 　　　　 in their own field.(respect)
②All the students respect their history teacher 　　　　 his profound knowledge and fair attitude.
③[情感描写] 当老兵颤抖着手指向军功章时,年轻记者屏住呼吸,眼中闪烁着真诚的敬意。
When the veteran pointed at his military medals with trembling fingers,the young reporter held his breath,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“着眼点;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
8.set off 出发;动身;启程;引起;燃放;触发(警报);衬托出
A.引起,引发　B.燃放　C.衬托出　D.出发
①As the sun rose,they set off towards the distant mountains,their hearts filled with hope and excitement.　　　
②His careless remark set off her long-suppressed tears.　　　
③People used to set off the fireworks in the dark night,lighting up the sky with colourful sparks.　　　
④The plain white walls in the exhibition set off the vibrant paintings strikingly.　　　
⑤早上,她写下了当天的计划,然后开始打扫房间。之后,她留出了一些钱以备不时之需,并为学习制定了新的时间表。下午,她动身前往图书馆,她读了一些以古代为背景的故事。
In the morning,she 　　　　　　　　 her plans for the day,then 　　　　　　　　 cleaning the room.After that,she 　　　　　　　 some money for emergencies and 　　　　　　　 a new schedule for her study.In the afternoon,she 　　　　　　　　 the library and read some stories 　　　　　　　　 ancient times.
9.“no matter +疑问词”引导让步状语从句
[教材原句] However,no matter how different they may seem,all over the world,the spirit of sharing joy,gratitude,love,or peace is common in all festivals.
然而,无论节日多么迥异,在世界各地,分享快乐、感恩、友爱或和平的精神存在于所有节日
之中。
①[建议信] 无论这个问题有多难,你都不应该放弃,因为坚持是成功的关键。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you should never give up,because persistence is the key to success.
②[演讲稿] 无论你选择哪条职业道路,只要你全力以赴,就一定能实现自己的价值。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you can surely realize your value as long as you give it your all.
③无论生活将他带向何方,他始终把父亲的忠告铭记于心。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he always carried his father’s advice in his heart.
④[主旨升华] 无论别人怎么说,她都相信自己的梦想,永不放弃。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she believed in her dream and never gave up.
①no matter how意为“不管多么……,无论多么……”,引导让步状语从句,相当于however,此时however后接形容词或副词的原级,即“however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语”。
②“疑问词+-ever”类的词有whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,wherever,whenever,however,它们可以引导让步状语从句,通常可以转换为“no matter+疑问词”。
③“疑问词+-ever”既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句;而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
10.it作形式宾语
[教材原句] Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones.
购物网站和社交媒体应用程序极大地方便了人们为至亲至爱花更多钱购买礼物。
①现代科技让我们足不出户就能购物变得可能。
Modern technology has 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 without leaving home.
②[建议信] 老师认为每天阅读英文报纸对提高英语水平很有帮助。
The teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for improving English.
③[心理描写] 他们感觉在日落前到达山顶是不可能的,但他们没有放弃。
They 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before sunset,but they didn’t give up.
当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。下列四种情况须用it作形式宾语:
①当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词(如 think、make、find、consider、feel、believe等)的宾语时。
②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如appreciate、enjoy、like、dislike、love、hate、 prefer等,往往不能直接接宾语从句。
③that 引导的宾语从句一般不能直接作介词的宾语,而应用“动词+prep.+it+that从句”结构,常见的有see to it that,depend on it that,insist on it that。
④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it, 即用“动词+it+介词短语+that从句”结构,常见的有take it for granted that,owe it to sb that。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] And ①if you study festivals carefully,you may be surprised to find ②that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是you may be surprised to find...after all;①为if引导的　　　　　　　　;②是 that 引导的　　　　,作find的　　　　。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:如果你仔细研究传统技艺,你可能会惊讶地发现,不同的地区实际上终究有着许多相似的创意理念。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you may be surprised to find 　　 　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.　　　　　　
②(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The River Severn has a significant turn through town,almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center.　　　　　　　
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.　　　　　　　
④(2023·浙江1月卷)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and lit the bunch to create a torch.　　　　　　　
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
After carefully examining the figure① in the research paper,the scientist noticed an error in the data.As a leading figure② in her field,she knew this discovery could change current theories.The surprising figure③ shocked everyone.
科学家仔细检查了研究论文中的①　　　　后,发现了一个数据错误。作为该领域的领军②　　　　,她知道这个发现可能会改变现有理论。这个出人意料的③　　　震惊了所有人。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers 　　　　(occasion) laugh at his unusual methods.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A feeling of 　　　　 (grateful) washed over me as I heard his words.
3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued and 　　　　 (respect),no matter my level of artistic ability.
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and 　　　　 (decorate),and the hutongs were narrower.
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”,　　　　(origin) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
6.They finally reached the small village,surrounded by vast green 　　　　 (agriculture) fields.
7.Despite their different backgrounds,they discovered they had one thing 　　　　 common—a passion for adventure.
8.I congratulated him 　　　　 winning an award in the talent show.
9.“　　　　 (frank),I don’t know how we’re going to get out of this mess,” she said,her voice shaking with fear.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 告知信—节日和庆祝—端午节
假设你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom想了解中国端午节的有关情况。请你给他写一封电子邮件,告知相关信息。
[场景演练]
1.收到你询问有关中国端午节的来信,我非常高兴。(pleased)
2.在这里,我会坦诚地与你分享其细节。(frank)
3.端午节有着重要且具有历史意义的起源。它在每年农历五月初五。(significant,origin, lunar)
4.这个节日是为了纪念我们历史上的杰出人物屈原而设立的。(figure)
5.人们利用这个特殊时刻相聚在一起。(take advantage of, moment, gather)
6.一系列的活动营造出了美妙的氛围,其中最典型的是龙舟比赛和吃粽子。(range,atmosphere,typical)
7.我很感激你对我们的传统节日感兴趣。我真诚地希望我的介绍能帮助你更好地理解它。(grateful)
[句式升级]
1.将第3句用定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第6句用of which引导的非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
一听到这个坏消息,她眼眶泛红。她几乎要哭出来了,喉咙哽咽,几乎无法呼吸。抑制许久的泪水开始像雨点一样从她的脸颊上滚落下来。她的心因一种无法形容的痛苦而感到疼痛。疼痛是明显的,完全吞噬了她。在这悲伤的时刻,她号啕大哭,啜泣声在空荡荡的房间里回荡。她之前从未感到如此孤独和失落。然而,黑暗中总有一线希望。突然,她停止哭泣并擦去了眼泪,决心面对困难。
The moment she heard the bad news,①　　　　　　　　　　　　.
She was close to tears,②　　　　　　　　　　　　,and she could hardly breathe.
Tears,which she had tried to hold back for so long,started to ③　　　　　　　　　　　 like raindrops.Her heart ached with a pain she couldn’t describe.
The pain was clear,absorbing her totally.In this moment of sadness,she ④　　　　　　　 and ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the empty room.She had never felt so alone and lost before.
However,there’s always a glimmer of hope in the darkness.Suddenly,she stopped crying, wiped the tears and determined to face the difficulty.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　vt.看见;注意到;发现 n.地点;处所;斑点;污迹 2.　　　　 vi.& modal v.胆敢;敢于 3.　　　　 n.种类;类别 4.　　　　 vt.延迟;延期;延缓 5.　　　　 n.歌剧 6.　　　　 vt.& vi.拥抱;抱紧 7.　　　　　　n.举止;行为方式;方法;[pl.]礼貌;礼仪 8.　　　　 adv.顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下 9.　　　　 n.楼梯;梯级 10.　　　　 n.& vi.皱眉 11.　　　　 adv.其实;实际上;当然;确实 12.　　　　 vt.维持;保持;维修;保养
阅 读 词 汇 1.loan　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.plastic n.　　　 adj.　　　　　　　 3.bet n.　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　　 4.consulate n.　　　　　　　 5.mining n.　　　　　　　 6.beneath adv.& prep.　　　　　　　 7.odd adj.　　　　　　　 8.nowhere adv.　　　　　　　 9.extent n.　　　　　　　 10.dinosaur n.　　　　　　　 11.duty　　　　n.　　　　　　　 12.sequence vt.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 13.tailor n.　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　　 14.clerk n.　　　　　　　 15.element n.　　　　　　　 16.plot n.　　　　　　　 17.ambassador n.　　　　　　　 18.upper-class adj.　　　　　　　 19.upper adj.　　　　　　　 20.saying n.　　　　　　　 21.external adj.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 n.基础;根据;基点→　　　　 adj.基本的;基础的→　　　　 vt.以……为据点;把……设在→　　　　 adv.基本上 2.　　　　 (also apologize) vi.道歉;谢罪→ 　　　　 n.道歉;谢罪;致歉→　　　　 adj.道歉的;谢罪的 3.　　　　 vt.忽视;对……不予理会→　　　　 adj.无知的;愚昧的→　　　　 n.无知;愚昧 4.　　　　 vt.& vi.评价;评判;判断 n.法官;审判员;裁判员→　　　　 n.判断力;看法;评价 5.　　　　 n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面→　　　　 n.风景;景色→　　　　 adj.风景优美的;舞台布景的 6.　　　　 n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员→ 　　　　 n.叙述;讲述;解说→　　　　 vt.讲(故事);叙述;解说 7.　　　　 n.仆人;用人→　　　　 n.服务→　　　　 vt.为……服务;提供 8.　　　　 vi.& vt.(船)航行;(人)乘船航行→　　　　 n.水手→　　　　 n.航行
拓 展 词 汇 9.　　　　 n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力→　　　　 adj.有耐心的 n.病人→　　　　 adj.不耐烦的;没有耐心的→　　　　 n.不耐烦 10.　　　　 vt.& vi.表明;显示 vt.象征;暗示→　　　　 n.暗示;提示 11.　　　　 n.义务;职责;责任→　　　　 vt.迫使;强迫→　　　　 adj.感激的;感谢的 12.　　　　 n.打算;计划;意图;目的→　　　　 vt.计划;打算→　　　　 adj.故意的;蓄意的→　　　　 adv.故意地 13.　　　　 n.音乐剧 adj.音乐的→　　　　 n.音乐→　　　　 n.音乐家 14.　　　　 vt.追求;致力于→　　　　 n.追求;追寻 15.　　　　 vi.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑→　　　　 n.犹豫;迟疑 16.　　　　 adv.最后;终于→　　　　 adj.最终的 17.　　　　 n.可选择的事物;选择;选择权→　　　　 adj.可选择的;选修的 18.　　　　 adj.宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的→ 　　　　 v.(使)变宽;(使)扩大→　　　　 adv.宽广地;广泛地 19.　　　　 adj.愿意;乐意→　　　　 adv.欣然地;乐意地→　　　　 n.乐意;心甘情愿→　　　　 adj.不愿意的;不情愿的 20.　　　　 adj.典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的 n.常态;通常标准;一般水平→ 　　　　 adv.正常地;通常;平常→　　　　 adj.不正常的;反常的 21.　　　　 vt.& vi.允许;准许;使有可能→　　　　 n.准许;许可;批准;许可证
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　在某事的基础上;根据某事 2.　　　　　　　 取得贷款 3.　　　　　　　 作为回报;作为回应 4.　　　　　　　 打个赌 5.　　　　　　　 事实上;其实;说真的 6.　　　　　　　 偶然地;意外地 7.　　　　　　　 说实话;坦率地说 8.　　　　　　　 应该;应当 9.　　　　　　　　　　即将或正要(做某事) 10.　　　　　　　 以防;以防万一 11.　　　　　　　 到……程度;在……程度上 12.　　　　　　　　 值班;值勤 13.　　　　　　　 以一种……的方式;带着 一副……的样子 14.　　　　　　　 既然那样;假使那样的话 15.　　　　　　　 愿意或乐意做某事
重 点 句 型 1.是那条船把你带到了英国。(强调句) And 　　　　　　　　　　　　 brought you to England. 2.那正是我们给你这封信的原因。(why引导的表语从句) That’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.听到大卫将在这部剧中扮演恐龙的消息,我非常惊讶,高兴地给了他一个拥抱。(so...that...句型) I was 　　　　　　　　　　　　 that David would play the role of the dinosaur in the play 　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……(倒装句) I remember thinking that 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　... 5.……似乎城里的每个银行家和裁缝都渴望见到你。(it作形式主语) ...　　　　　　　　 every banker and tailor in the city is eager to meet you.
动词变名词的后缀“-y” 集锦:
①apologise→apology 道歉　　　　②discover→discovery发现　　　　③deliver→delivery递送
④recover→recovery恢复 ⑤injure→injury伤害 ⑥master→mastery精通
⑦inquire→inquiry询问;调查 ⑧flatter→flattery奉承 ⑨memorise→memory记忆
⑩assemble→assembly集会;议会
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)She has every 　　　　 (intend) of staying and continuing doing what she loves. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　 (eventual),my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that 　　　　 (broad) my view and touched my heart. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and 　　　　 (maintain) overall health longer than others their age. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose 　　　　 (patient) with me. 6.(2025·浙江1月卷)Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor (　　　　) your communications to their interests. 7.(2025·浙江1月卷)Any restrictions established by the lending library will 　　　　　　　　 (indicate) on the label. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)This platform is not only reserved for professional cooks,but also for those 　　　　　　　　 (乐意……) discover new experiences. 9.(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)I flashed him an 　　　　 (apologise) smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. 10.(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)“Sometimes 　　　　 surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.” 11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular 　　　　 (地点). 12.(2024· 新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic (　　　　). 13.(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world,we build models 　　　　 (base) on conceptual metaphors that are familiar to us. 14.(2024·北京卷)...I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me,handed me a bag of paints,and told me to start painting.The dream felt so authoritative 　　　　 it shook me. 15.(2024·北京卷)Once a pair has been determined to be suitable,the students will be contacted individually with a special 　　　　 (permit) number to register for the programme. 16.(2024·浙江1月卷)A 35-minute hand-clapping,foot-stomping 　　　　 (music) version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. 17.(2024·浙江1月卷)This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never 　　　　 (normal) consider buying.
18.(2023·浙江1月卷)It is this 　　　　 distinguishes humans from machines. 19.(2023·浙江1月卷)And I have to manage a staff of 12 people.It can be quite a difficult situation sometimes.That’s 　　　　 I am here today. 20.(2023·北京卷)　　　　 (确实),when it comes to environmental transformations,we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”,and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.apologise(=apologize) vi.道歉;谢罪
①[道歉信] I would like to make an apology to you 　　　　 accidentally knocking you down during the basketball game yesterday.
②[情感描写] 盯着那封皱巴巴的信,他羞愧难当,意识到自己欠她一个真诚的道歉。
Staring at the crumpled letter,he burned with shame,realising that he 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　.
③[动作描写] 他深吸一口气,走近了一步,低头看着自己的鞋子,向他的妈妈道歉:“我不该那么说。”
Taking a deep breath,he stepped closer,looked down at his shoes,and 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　,“I shouldn’t have said that.”
2.judge vt.& vi.评价;评判;判断 n.法官;审判员;裁判员
①I don’t really want to make any 　　　　 (judge) on the decisions they made.
②　　　　 (judge) from your dress and appearance,it seems that you’re looking forward to today’s school activities.
③[建议信] 我认为,加入校戏剧社对你来说是一个非常好的选择。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,joining the school drama club will be a great choice for you.
④[邀请信] 我写信是想邀请你在我们学校将要举行的英语演讲比赛中担任评委。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at our English speech contest to be held in our school.
⑤[主旨升华] 永远不要以貌取人,因为真正的美来自内在。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,for true beauty comes from the inside.
judging from/by用在句首作为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响,只用现在分词形式作状语。
3.spot vt.看见;注意到;发现 n.地点;处所;斑点;污迹
A.vt.看见,注意到　　B.n.地点　　C.n.斑点
①In the forest,they searched for a long time until they discovered a hidden spot that seemed perfect for their campsite.　　　　
②The white dress was ruined by the red ink spots,which made her very upset.　　　
③The little coffee house,a quiet spot 　　　　 I often pass by,is a good place where we can discuss the matter without being disturbed.
④[动作描写] 我发现自己的书桌布满了颜料滴,路过的汤姆二话不说当场就帮我擦掉了。
I found my desk 　　　　　　　　 drops of paints,and Tom,who passed by,helped me wipe them off 　　　　　　　　 without saying a word.
⑤[动作描写] 在公园散步时,我注意到一个小女孩正在喂猫,路过的摄影师发现了她这个善意的举动并捕捉到了这个温馨的画面。
While strolling in the park,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and her kind gesture
　　　　　　　　　　　　 a passing photographer who captured the heartwarming scene.
spot作“地点”讲,作定语从句的先行词时,从句如果缺少状语则用where引导,从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导。
4.patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力
①The doctor is very 　　　　 with his 　　　　,even when they keep asking the same questions,he still tries to explain 　　　　,and never yells at them 　　　　,showing great
　　　　 and perseverance.(patient)
②[神态描写] 她给了我一个安慰的微笑,一边点头一边耐心地听着。
She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[求职信] 我耐心地反复解答问题,确保每一位同学都感到自己被支持、被重视。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,ensuring every student feels supported and valued.
5.hesitate vi.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑
①He hesitated 　　　　 accepting the new job offer,considering the long working hours and high pressure.
②[心理描写] 小男孩因被众多观众吓到而迟疑着不敢走上舞台。
Frightened by the large audience,the little boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[动作描写] 为打破尴尬的沉默,他毫不犹豫地大步向前,轻声说了一句真诚的道歉。
To break the awkward silence,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and murmured a sincere apology.
6.permission n.准许;许可;批准;许可证
①His father wouldn’t permit him 　　　　 (drive) there.Without his father’s 　　　　 (permit),he had no choice but to go there by bus or on a bike.
②[通知] 如果天气允许,比赛将于下午两点在我校体育馆举行。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(独立主格结构)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(条件句)
③[动作描写] 吉米兴奋地跑进家,他还没来得及喘口气,就请求母亲允许他去滑冰。
Jimmy excitedly ran into his house,and before he could catch a breath,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
permit 用作不及物动词,表示“时间、条件、天气等允许的话”时,常用于独立主格结构,即“名词+动词-ing形式”。
7.in case 以防;以防万一
①[通知] Please provide your phone number 　　　　　　　　 (以防) we need to contact you about the schedule change.
②[建议信] Given the changeable weather,you’d better carry an umbrella 　　　　　　　　　　 (以防) rain.
③[动作描写] “　　　　　　　　 (既然那样),” he said quietly,reaching for his worn backpack, “I’ll find another way.”
④[主旨升华] 我们决不能向困难低头。
①in case可用作连词,引导从句,也可以单独使用,常位于句末,相当于一个副词。
②当case作先行词且引导词在定语从句中作状语时,要用where引导定语从句。
8.含否定意义的词或短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
[教材原句] I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...
记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
①[倡议书] Our oceans will never be protected without the meaningful cooperation of all the human beings.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(改为倒装句)
②[动作描写] He didn’t move or utter a sound,just frozen like a statue.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(改为用neither...nor...连接的倒装句)
③[邀请信] 在其他任何地方你都不会发现如此多样的文化,因此请接受我诚挚的邀请。
Nowhere else 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,so please accept my sincere invitation.
④[动作描写] 我还没来得及喘口气,大家都围上来对我表示热烈祝贺。
No sooner 　　　　　　　　　　　　 than everyone crowded around me with warm congratulations.
当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,即:否定词+助动词/情态动词/be+主语。
这样的词或短语有:
全部否定意义的副词:never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。
部分否定意义的副词:hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。
否定意义的短语:at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account等。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again,①as if looking at something ②he can’t believe is there.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。①为as if引导的　　　　了主语和部分谓语的　　　　从句;②是一个省略了关系代词　　　　的　　　　从句,修饰先行词　　　　。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:她拿起那封年代久远的信,轻柔地反复摩挲着泛黄的信纸,仿佛触摸着一件她不敢相信还能再次拥有的珍宝。
She picked up the old letter,gently stroking the yellowed paper over and over,　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Loan periods are established by the lending library.　　　　　　　
②(2025·浙江1月卷)Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.　　　　　　　
③(2025·浙江1月卷)Kevin followed out and told the arriving police officers what had happened. They pursued and arrested the man.　　　　　　　
④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.　　　　　　　
⑤(2023·全国甲卷)Now as a judge of the competition,I can see clearly the huge challenges facing the musicians in the competition.　　　　　　　
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
After scanning the hiking map for a safe camping spot①,the ranger suddenly pointed and exclaimed,“I spot② a rare bird in that tree!”As they approached,however,a dark spot③ on the bird’s wing suggested it might be injured.
护林员仔细查看徒步地图寻找安全的露营①　　　　后,突然指向远处喊道:“我②　　　　那棵树上有只珍稀鸟类!”然而在他们靠近时,鸟儿翅膀上一块深色③　　　　表明它可能受伤了。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The city I live in is very flat and close to the waterline,and rising sea levels are already creating floods.So I decided to do something to make it impossible 　　　　　　　　 (ignore).
2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　 (permit) of parents and activity fees are required to participate in all field trips.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any 　　　　 (indicate),he may be right...
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)When I was about 　　　　　　　　 (give) up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.
5.(2023·全国甲卷)However,research suggests that if we practiced 　　　　 (patient),we’d be a whole lot better off.
6.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This process requires you to step away from 　　　　 (option) online activities for thirty days.
7.The 　　　　 (serve) bowed politely and opened the door for the guests.
8.She had no 　　　　 (hesitate) in accepting the invitation.
9.It is proposed that the sports meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (postpone) due to the awful weather.
10.By learning when to ask for help,I 　　　　 (eventual) found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入]发言稿—学校生活—读书分享
假设你是李华,学校将于下周举办好书共读活动,你将代表班级在此次分享活动中介绍马克·吐温的《百万英镑》。请你写一篇发言稿,内容包括:(1)小说的概况;(2)你的感想;(3)推荐阅读。
[场景演练]
1.我很开心向大家推荐我最喜欢的书籍《百万英镑》。
2.这是马克·吐温的一部著名小说,其故事情节非常吸引人。(plot)
3.亨利发现自己被强风刮到了海上,当他正要放弃时,他被一艘船发现了。(be about to do sth,spot)
4.来到英格兰后,他被两个富裕的兄弟选中,他们打了个赌,愿意借给亨利一张面值百万英镑的钞票,目的是看看他的结局。(make a bet,be willing to do sth,intention)
5.最后,亨利成了真正的百万富翁。(eventually)
6.这个故事是以一种略带夸张且讽刺的方式讲述的,并且在阅读的时候一直让我发笑。
7.除了收获了快乐,我还学习到造就一个人的不是金钱,而是品德和良好品质。(强调句)
8.总而言之,《百万英镑》是一本值得一读的书,我相信你们肯定会喜欢。
[句式升级]
1.将第1句和第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
2.将第3句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
3.将第6句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
要求:请根据P156的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
　　After a long day at school,Tom was looking forward to going home and relaxing.Little did he know that an unexpected encounter would change the course of his afternoon.①　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (强调句) and started to dash after it.②　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(省略句),he jumped up and down in excitement.As Tom chased the butterfly,his heart was filled with a sense of excitement.The butterfly flew away,but Tom still bounced after it.However,after a while,③　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　(with复合结构),he started to drag his feet as he wandered aimlessly. Eventually,when he got back to his house,he tiptoed,④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(现在分词作结果状语).Tom had no idea that while he was on his little adventure,his mother was anxiously waiting for him.Inside,his mother,⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　(现在分词作伴随状语),was worried about his safety.⑥　
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.spot　　　vt.看见;注意到;发现 n.地点;处所;斑点;污迹 2.dare vi.& modal v.胆敢;敢于 3.sort n.种类;类别 4.postpone vt.延迟;延期;延缓 5.opera n.歌剧 6.hug vt.& vi.拥抱;抱紧 7.manner　　n.举止;行为方式;方法;[pl.]礼貌;礼仪 8.downstairs adv.顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下 9.stair n.楼梯;梯级 10. frown n.& vi.皱眉 11.indeed adv.其实;实际上;当然;确实 12.maintain vt.维持;保持;维修;保养
阅 读 词 汇 1.loan　　　n.贷款;借款 2.plastic n.塑料 adj.塑料制的;塑料的 3.bet n.打赌;赌注 vi.& vt.下赌注;用…… 打赌 vt.敢说 4.consulate n.领事馆 5.mining n.采矿;采矿业 6.beneath adv.& prep.在(或往)……下面;在……的表面之下 7.odd adj.奇怪的;怪异的;反常的 8.nowhere adv.无处;哪里都不 9.extent n.程度;限度;大小;范围 10.dinosaur　　n.恐龙 11.duty n.责任;义务;职责;值班 12.sequence vt.按顺序排列 n.顺序;一系列 13.tailor n.(男装)裁缝 vt.专门制作;定做 14.clerk n.职员;文书;店员 15.element n.要素;基本部分 16.plot n.故事情节;布局;阴谋 17.ambassador n.大使;使节;代表 18.upper-class adj.上流社会的;上等阶层的 19.upper adj.上面的;上层的;靠上部的 20.saying n.谚语;格言;警句 21.external adj.外部的;外面的;外来的
拓 展 词 汇 1.basis n.基础;根据;基点→basic adj.基本的;基础的→base vt.以……为据点;把……设在→basically adv.基本上 2.apologise (also apologize) vi.道歉;谢罪→apology n.道歉;谢罪;致歉→apologetic adj.道歉的;谢罪的 3.ignore vt.忽视;对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的;愚昧的→ignorance n.无知;愚昧 4.judge vt.& vi.评价;评判;判断 n.法官;审判员;裁判员→judg(e)ment n.判断力;看法;评价 5.scene n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面→scenery n.风景;景色→scenic adj.风景优美的;舞台布景的 6.narrator n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员→narration n.叙述;讲述;解说→narrate vt.讲(故事);叙述;解说 7.servant n.仆人;用人→service n.服务→serve vt.为……服务;提供 8.sail vi.& vt.(船)航行;(人)乘船航行→sailor n.水手→sailing n.航行 9.patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力→patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人→impatient adj.不耐烦的;没有耐心的→impatience n.不耐烦 10.indicate vt.& vi.表明;显示 vt.象征;暗示→indication n.暗示;提示
拓 展 词 汇 11.obligation n.义务;职责;责任→oblige vt.迫使;强迫→obliged adj.感激的; 感谢的 12.intention n.打算;计划;意图;目的→intend vt.计划;打算→intentional adj.故意的;蓄意的→intentionally adv .故意地 13.musical n.音乐剧 adj.音乐的→music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家 14.pursue vt.追求;致力于→pursuit n.追求;追寻 15.hesitate vi.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑→hesitation n.犹豫;迟疑 16.eventually adv.最后;终于→eventual adj.最终的 17.option n.可选择的事物;选择;选择权→optional adj.可选择的;选修的 18.broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的;广泛的→broaden v.(使)变宽;(使)扩大→broadly adv.宽广地; 广泛地 19.willing adj.愿意;乐意→willingly adv.欣然地;乐意地→willingness n.乐意;心甘情愿→unwilling adj.不愿意的;不情愿的 20.normal adj.典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的 n.常态;通常标准;一般水平→normally adv.正常地;通常;平常→abnormal adj.不正常的;反常的 21.permit vt.& vi.允许;准许;使有可能→permission n.准许;许可;批准;许可证
重 点 词 块 1.on the basis of　　　在某事的基础上;根据某事 2.take out a loan 取得贷款 3.in return 作为回报;作为回应 4.make a bet 打个赌 5.as a matter of fact 事实上;其实; 说真的 6.by accident 偶然地;意外地 7.to be honest 说实话;坦率地说 8.ought to 应该;应当 9.be about to do sth　　即将或正要(做某事) 10.in case 以防;以防万一 11.to...extent 到……程度;在……程度上 12.on duty 值班;值勤 13.in a...manner 以一种……的方式;带着 一副……的样子 14.in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话 15.be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事
重 点 句 型 1.是那条船把你带到了英国。(强调句) And it was the ship that brought you to England. 2.那正是我们给你这封信的原因。(why引导的表语从句) That’s why we’ve given you the letter. 3.听到大卫将在这部剧中扮演恐龙的消息,我非常惊讶,高兴地给了他一个拥抱。(so...that...句型) I was so surprised at the news that David would play the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy. 4.记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……(倒装句) I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 5.……似乎城里的每个银行家和裁缝都渴望见到你。(it作形式主语) ...it seems that every banker and tailor in the city is eager to meet you.
动词变名词的后缀“-y” 集锦:
①apologise→apology 道歉　　②discover→discovery发现　　③deliver→delivery递送
④recover→recovery恢复 ⑤injure→injury伤害 ⑥master→mastery精通
⑦inquire→inquiry询问;调查 ⑧flatter→flattery奉承 ⑨memorise→memory记忆
⑩assemble→assembly集会;议会
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)She has every intention (intend) of staying and continuing doing what she loves. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Eventually (eventual),my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened (broad) my view and touched my heart. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained (maintain) overall health longer than others their age. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)I feared that my classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience (patient) with me. 6.(2025·浙江1月卷)Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor (专门制作) your communications to their interests. 7.(2025·浙江1月卷)Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated (indicate) on the label. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)This platform is not only reserved for professional cooks,but also for those willing to (乐意……) discover new experiences. 9.(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)I flashed him an apologetic (apologise) smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. 10.(2024· 新课标Ⅰ卷)“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.” 11.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots (地点). 12.(2024· 新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic (塑料). 13.(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world,we build models based (base) on conceptual metaphors that are familiar to us. 14.(2024·北京卷)...I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me,handed me a bag of paints,and told me to start painting.The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. 15.(2024·北京卷)Once a pair has been determined to be suitable,the students will be contacted individually with a special permission (permit) number to register for the programme. 16.(2024·浙江1月卷)A 35-minute hand-clapping,foot-stomping musical (music) version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. 17.(2024·浙江1月卷)This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally (normal) consider buying. 18.(2023·浙江1月卷)It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. 19.(2023·浙江1月卷)And I have to manage a staff of 12 people.It can be quite a difficult situation sometimes.That’s why I am here today. 20.(2023·北京卷)Indeed (确实),when it comes to environmental transformations,we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”,and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.apologise(=apologize) vi.道歉;谢罪
①[道歉信] I would like to make an apology to you for accidentally knocking you down during the basketball game yesterday.
②[情感描写] 盯着那封皱巴巴的信,他羞愧难当,意识到自己欠她一个真诚的道歉。
Staring at the crumpled letter,he burned with shame,realising that he owed her a sincere apology.
③[动作描写] 他深吸一口气,走近了一步,低头看着自己的鞋子,向他的妈妈道歉:“我不该那么说。”
Taking a deep breath,he stepped closer,looked down at his shoes,and apologised to his mom,“I shouldn’t have said that.”
2.judge vt.& vi.评价;评判;判断 n.法官;审判员;裁判员
①I don’t really want to make any judg(e)ments (judge) on the decisions they made.
②Judging (judge) from your dress and appearance,it seems that you’re looking forward to today’s school activities.
③[建议信] 我认为,加入校戏剧社对你来说是一个非常好的选择。
As far as I can judge,joining the school drama club will be a great choice for you.
④[邀请信] 我写信是想邀请你在我们学校将要举行的英语演讲比赛中担任评委。
I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school.
⑤[主旨升华] 永远不要以貌取人,因为真正的美来自内在。
Never judge people from/by their appearances,for true beauty comes from the inside.
judging from/by用在句首作为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响,只用现在分词形式作状语。
3.spot vt.看见;注意到;发现 n.地点;处所;斑点;污迹
A.vt.看见,注意到　　B.n.地点　　C.n.斑点
①In the forest,they searched for a long time until they discovered a hidden spot that seemed perfect for their campsite.　B　
②The white dress was ruined by the red ink spots,which made her very upset.　C　
③The little coffee house,a quiet spot that/which I often pass by,is a good place where we can discuss the matter without being disturbed.
④[动作描写] 我发现自己的书桌布满了颜料滴,路过的汤姆二话不说当场就帮我擦掉了。
I found my desk spotted with drops of paints,and Tom,who passed by,helped me wipe them off on the spot without saying a word.
⑤[动作描写] 在公园散步时,我注意到一个小女孩正在喂猫,路过的摄影师发现了她这个善意的举动并捕捉到了这个温馨的画面。
While strolling in the park,I spotted a little girl feeding cats,and her kind gesture was spotted by a passing photographer who captured the heartwarming scene.
spot作“地点”讲,作定语从句的先行词时,从句如果缺少状语则用where引导,从句如果缺少主语或宾语则用that/which引导。
4.patience n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力
①The doctor is very patient with his patients,even when they keep asking the same questions,he still tries to explain patiently,and never yells at them impatiently,showing great patience and perseverance.(patient)
②[神态描写] 她给了我一个安慰的微笑,一边点头一边耐心地听着。
She gave me a comforting smile and nodded while listening patiently/with patience.
③[求职信] 我耐心地反复解答问题,确保每一位同学都感到自己被支持、被重视。
I have the patience to repeatedly answer questions,ensuring every student feels supported and valued.
5.hesitate vi.犹豫;迟疑;顾虑
①He hesitated about/over accepting the new job offer,considering the long working hours and high pressure.
②[心理描写] 小男孩因被众多观众吓到而迟疑着不敢走上舞台。
Frightened by the large audience,the little boy hesitated to step onto the stage.
③[动作描写] 为打破尴尬的沉默,他毫不犹豫地大步向前,轻声说了一句真诚的道歉。
To break the awkward silence,he strode forward without hesitation and murmured a sincere apology.
6.permission n.准许;许可;批准;许可证
①His father wouldn’t permit him to drive (drive) there.Without his father’s permission (permit),he had no choice but to go there by bus or on a bike.
②[通知] 如果天气允许,比赛将于下午两点在我校体育馆举行。
→Weather permitting,the competition will be held in our school gym at 2 p.m.(独立主格结构)
→If weather permits,the competition will be held in our school gym at 2 p.m.(条件句)
③[动作描写] 吉米兴奋地跑进家,他还没来得及喘口气,就请求母亲允许他去滑冰。
Jimmy excitedly ran into his house,and before he could catch a breath,he asked permission from his mom/asked his mother for permission to go skating.
permit 用作不及物动词,表示“时间、条件、天气等允许的话”时,常用于独立主格结构,即“名词+动词-ing形式”。
7.in case 以防;以防万一
①[通知] Please provide your phone number in case (以防) we need to contact you about the schedule change.
②[建议信] Given the changeable weather,you’d better carry an umbrella in case of (以防) rain.
③[动作描写] “In that case (既然那样),” he said quietly,reaching for his worn backpack,“I’ll find another way.”
④[主旨升华] 我们决不能向困难低头。
In no case should we give in to difficulty.
①in case可用作连词,引导从句,也可以单独使用,常位于句末,相当于一个副词。
②当case作先行词且引导词在定语从句中作状语时,要用where引导定语从句。
8.含否定意义的词或短语置于句首引起的部分倒装
[教材原句] I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...
记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
①[倡议书] Our oceans will never be protected without the meaningful cooperation of all the human beings.
→Never will our oceans be protected without the meaningful cooperation of all the human beings.(改为倒装句)
②[动作描写] He didn’t move or utter a sound,just frozen like a statue.
→Neither did he move nor utter a sound,just frozen like a statue.(改为用neither...nor...连接的倒装句)
③[邀请信] 在其他任何地方你都不会发现如此多样的文化,因此请接受我诚挚的邀请。
Nowhere else can/will you find such diverse cultures,so please accept my sincere invitation.
④[动作描写] 我还没来得及喘口气,大家都围上来对我表示热烈祝贺。
No sooner had I caught my breath than everyone crowded around me with warm congratulations.
当含有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装,即:否定词+助动词/情态动词/be+主语。
这样的词或短语有:
全部否定意义的副词:never/not/neither/nor/nowhere等。
部分否定意义的副词:hardly/scarcely/rarely/seldom/little等。
否定意义的短语:at no time/by no means/in no case/in no way/on no condition/on no account等。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again,①as if looking at something ②he can’t believe is there.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again。①为as if引导的省略了主语和部分谓语的方式状语从句;②是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词something。
自主翻译:接着,他把钞票折叠起来,然后又慢慢摊开,好像在看一个他难以置信的东西。
情境仿写:她拿起那封年代久远的信,轻柔地反复摩挲着泛黄的信纸,仿佛触摸着一件她不敢相信还能再次拥有的珍宝。
She picked up the old letter,gently stroking the yellowed paper over and over,as if touching a treasure she couldn’t believe she possessed again.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Loan periods are established by the lending library.n.借阅
②(2025·浙江1月卷)Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.n.小块土地
③(2025·浙江1月卷)Kevin followed out and told the arriving police officers what had happened.
They pursued and arrested the man.v.追捕
④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.n.场景
⑤(2023·全国甲卷)Now as a judge of the competition,I can see clearly the huge challenges facing the musicians in the competition.n.裁判
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
After scanning the hiking map for a safe camping spot①,the ranger suddenly pointed and exclaimed,“I spot② a rare bird in that tree!”As they approached,however,a dark spot③ on the bird’s wing suggested it might be injured.
护林员仔细查看徒步地图寻找安全的露营①地点后,突然指向远处喊道:“我②发现那棵树上有只珍稀鸟类!”然而在他们靠近时,鸟儿翅膀上一块深色③污迹表明它可能受伤了。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)The city I live in is very flat and close to the waterline,and rising sea levels are already creating floods.So I decided to do something to make it impossible to ignore (ignore).
2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Permission (permit) of parents and activity fees are required to participate in all field trips.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication (indicate),he may be right...
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)When I was about to give (give) up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.
5.(2023·全国甲卷)However,research suggests that if we practiced patience (patient),we’d be a whole lot better off.
6.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This process requires you to step away from optional (option) online activities for thirty days.
7.The servant (serve) bowed politely and opened the door for the guests.
8.She had no hesitation (hesitate) in accepting the invitation.
9.It is proposed that the sports meeting (should) be postponed (postpone) due to the awful weather.
10.By learning when to ask for help,I eventually (eventual) found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入]发言稿—学校生活—读书分享
假设你是李华,学校将于下周举办好书共读活动,你将代表班级在此次分享活动中介绍马克·吐温的《百万英镑》。请你写一篇发言稿,内容包括:(1)小说的概况;(2)你的感想; (3) 推荐阅读。
[场景演练]
1.我很开心向大家推荐我最喜欢的书籍《百万英镑》。
I’m delighted to recommend my favorite book The Million Pound Bank Note.
2.这是马克·吐温的一部著名小说,其故事情节非常吸引人。(plot)
It is a famous novel by Mark Twain,whose plot is very attractive.
3.亨利发现自己被强风刮到了海上,当他正要放弃时,他被一艘船发现了。(be about to do sth,spot)
Henry found himself carried out to a sea by a strong wind,and he was about to give up when he was spotted by a ship.
4.来到英格兰后,他被两个富裕的兄弟选中,他们打了个赌,愿意借给亨利一张面值百万英镑的钞票,目的是看看他的结局。(make a bet,be willing to do sth,intention)
After reaching England,he was chosen by two rich brothers,who had made a bet and were willing to lend Henry a million pound bank note with the intention of seeing his ending.
5.最后,亨利成了真正的百万富翁。(eventually)
Eventually,Henry became a genuine millionaire.
6.这个故事是以一种略带夸张且讽刺的方式讲述的,并且在阅读的时候一直让我发笑。
The story was told in a slightly exaggerated and ironic way and it made me laugh a lot while reading.
7.除了收获了快乐,我还学习到造就一个人的不是金钱,而是品德和良好品质。(强调句)
Besides the enjoyment,I also learn that it is not money but virtues and good qualities that make a person.
8.总而言之,《百万英镑》是一本值得一读的书,我相信你们肯定会喜欢。
All in all,The Million Pound Bank Note is a book worth reading.I’m sure you’ll enjoy it.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句和第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
I’m delighted to recommend my favorite book The Million Pound Bank Note,a famous novel by Mark Twain,whose plot is very attractive.
2.将第3句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
Having found himself carried out to a sea by a strong wind,Henry was about to give up when he was spotted by a ship.
3.将第6句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
The story was told in a slightly exaggerated and ironic way,making me laugh a lot while reading.
[连句成篇]
Dear teachers and students,
I’m delighted to recommend my favorite book The Million Pound Bank Note,a famous novel by Mark Twain,whose plot is very attractive.
Having found himself carried out to a sea by a strong wind,Henry was about to give up when he was spotted by a ship.After reaching England,he was chosen by two rich brothers,who had made a bet and were willing to lend Henry a million pound bank note with the intention of seeing his ending.Eventually,Henry became a genuine millionaire.The story was told in a slightly exaggerated and ironic way,making me laugh a lot while reading.Besides the enjoyment,I also learn that it is not money but virtues and good qualities that make a person.
All in all,The Million Pound Bank Note is a book worth reading.I’m sure you’ll enjoy it.
要求:请根据P117的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
　　After a long day at school,Tom was looking forward to going home and relaxing.Little did he know that an unexpected encounter would change the course of his afternoon.①It was on the way home from school that Tom saw a beautiful butterfly (强调句) and started to dash after it.②When thinking he was about to catch it(省略句),he jumped up and down in excitement.As Tom chased the butterfly,his heart was filled with a sense of excitement.The butterfly flew away,but Tom still bounced after it.However,after a while,③with the butterfly out of his sight(with复合结构),he started to drag his feet as he wandered aimlessly.Eventually,when he got back to his house,he tiptoed,④not wanting to disturb anyone(现在分词作结果状语).Tom had no idea that while he was on his little adventure,his mother was anxiously waiting for him.Inside,his mother,⑤pacing back and forth(现在分词作伴随状语),was worried about his safety.⑥On hearing his footsteps,she rushed to Tom,her eyes softening.“Where have you been ”she asked,though there was no blame in her voice.Realizing his carelessness had turned a simple butterfly chase into a family emergency,Tom promised to his mom that he’d never make her worry like that again.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　n.干酪;奶酪 2.　　　　 adv.在市中心;往市中心 3.　　　　 n.传教(区);重要任务;使命 4.　　　　 n.地区;区域 5.　　　　 n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的 6.　　　 (NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后;后来 7.　　　　 vt.& vi.(sought,sought)寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求 8.　　　　 vt.& vi.挣得;赚得;赢得;博得 9.　　　　 n.瓷;瓷器 10.　　　　 n.爵士乐 11.　　　　 n.酒吧;小吃店;小馆子 12.　　　　 n.简图;图解;图表;示意图 13.　　　　 n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物 14.　　　　 vt.& n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言 15.　　　　 n.一系列;连续;接连 16.　　　　　　vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱 17.　　　　 adj.大西洋的 18.　　　　 n.牛仔裤 19.　　　　 n.靴子 20.　　　　 n.蘑菇;蕈 21.　　　　 n.毒物;毒药;毒素 vt.毒死;毒害 22.　　　　 vt.包;裹;折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平 23.　　　　 adv.特别;格外 adj.顶好的;超级的 24.　　　　 n.百分率;百分比 25.　　　　 n.气候 26.　　　　 adj.温和的;和善的;轻微的 27.　　　　 n.材料;布料;素材 adj.物质的;实际的 28.　　　　 n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻) 29.　　　　 adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的
阅 读 词 汇 1.gumbo　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.nachos n.[pl.]　　　　　　　 3.chip n.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 4.spicy adj.　　　　　　　 5.ethnic adj.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 6.graffiti n.[pl.]　　　　　　　 7.immigrant　　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 8.poisonous adj.　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 9.accessory n.　　　　　　　 10.souvenir n.　　　　　　　 11.tai chi (also t’ai chi) 　　　　　　　 12.clothing n.　　　　　　　 13.herbal adj.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.不同的;多种多样的→　　　　 n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性 2.　　　　 n.机会;运气→　　　　 n.不幸;厄运→　　　　 adj.幸运的→　　　　 adv.幸运地→　　　　 adj.不幸的→　　　　 adv.不幸地 3.　　　　 vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入) →　　　　 n.准许进入;入场费;承认 4.　　　　 adv.肯定;确实→　　　　 adj.肯定的;明确的→　　　　 vt.给……下定义;使明确 5.　　　　 vi.发生;出现→　　　　 n.发生;发生的事 6.　　　　 adj.(有关)历史的→　　　　 n.历史→　　　　 n.历史学家→　　　　 adj.历史上著名的,有重大历史意义的 7.　　　　 vt.选择;挑选;选拔→　　　　 n.选择;挑选→　　　　 adj.选择性的;有选择的 8.　　　　 n.少数民族;少数派;少数人→　　　　 adj.较小的;较少的 9.　　　　 adj.财政的;财务的;金融的→　　　　 adv.金融上地;财政上地→　　　　 n.财政;财务;金融 10.　　　　 n.诗集;诗歌;诗作→　　　　 n.诗人→　　　　 n.诗作;诗 11.　　　　 n.作品集;收集物;收藏品→　　　　 vt.收藏;收集→　　　　 adj.共同的;集体的 12.　　　　 vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)→　　　　 n.协议;解决;定居点→　　　　 n.移民→　　　　 adj.稳定的;舒适自在的 13.　　　　 n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构→　　　　 vt.建筑;建造→　　　　 adj.建设性的,积极的 14.　　　　 vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装→　　　　 adj.适当的;合适的→　　　　 adv.合适地 15.　　　　 vt.包含;含有;容纳→　　　　 n.容器
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　(朝……)前进;(向……)去 2.　　　　　　　 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界 3.　　　　　　　 谋生 4.　　　　　　　 一系列或一连串(事件) 5.　　　　　　　 除了……外(还);此外 6.　　　　　　　 导致;引起 7.　　　　　　　 一整年;全年 8.　　　　　　　　　　定居;安顿下来 9.　　　　　　　 变成;成为 10.　　　　　　　 仅举几例 11.　　　　　　　 第一手;亲自 12.　　　　　　　 位于;坐落于 13.　　　　　　　 是……的聚集地/所在地
重 点 句 型 1.我得承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。(It is/feels good to do sth) I have to admit that 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。(独立主格结构) There are so many beautiful old buildings— 　　　　　　　　 on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. 3.为了谋生,有些人在中国城开商店、开餐馆。(不定式作目的状语) 　　　　　　　　, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
重 点 句 型 4.早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。(what引导的主语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 5.如今中国城的绝大多数居民依旧是华人,他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。(“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句) The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese,　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
动词变名词的后缀“-ment” 集锦:
①settle→settlement协议;解决;定居点　　　②achieve→achievement成就
③amaze→amazement惊讶 ④announce→announcement通知
⑤appoint→appointment 约会,预约 ⑥argue→argument争论
⑦attach→attachment附件;依恋 ⑧embarrass→embarrassment尴尬
⑨equip→equipment设备 judge→judgement判断
state→statement陈述,声明 treat→treatment对待;治疗
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We 　　　　 (definite) should get together sometime and have a drink. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)It should be noted that none of the 　　　　(item) on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers,students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our 　　　　(collect). 4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and 　　　　(poem) since the program was launched last March. 5.(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding 　　　　(finance) aid programs to motivate doctors to practise medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 6.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves 　　　　 (contain) separate portions (份). 7.(2024·浙江1月卷)Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read 　　　　 (material) and contribute to online discussion boards. 8.(2024·浙江1月卷)A single sugary treat,　　　　(select) by the child,was placed on a table. 9.(2024·北京卷)　　　　 (fortune),this is not a scientific question. 10.(2024·北京卷)He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes,but that they are less likely to recognise or 　　　　 (承认) that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. 11.(2024·北京卷)As a result,the first four years of my postgraduate career were denied by 　　　　　　　　 (一系列) failures.
12.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Seeking and accepting 　　　　(construct) feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. 13.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas 　　　　 (定居) into their new home. 14.(2023·全国甲、乙卷)So,　　　　 I’m really looking for in the competition is to meet someone who can touch me musically. 15.(2023·全国甲、乙卷)　　　　　　　　 (除……之外) the knowledge and skills related to my major,I’m really good with computers.I have a large amount of experience working with big data.I think I’m well qualified for the accountant position here. 16.(2023·全国甲卷)　　　　 (earn) first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list,progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. 17.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with 　　　　 (history) events. 18.(2023·北京卷)In recent years,researchers from 　　　　 (diversity) fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.fortune n.机会;运气;财富
①幸运垂青有准备的人。
②我认为我们随机结组不好,因为不是所有的学生都能有幸遇到一个合适的搭档。
I don’t think it’s good to pair us up randomly,because not all students 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　.
③幸运的是,经过医院短暂治疗后,他的健康状况已经允许他离开与家人团聚。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after a brief stay in the hospital,he was healthy enough to be permitted to leave and reunite with his family.
④[演讲稿]能有幸发表题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲,我感到很高兴。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 titled “Be smart online learners”.
2.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)
①Knowing that she was admitted 　　　　 her ideal university,she jumped with joy.
②[动作描写]这个淘气的男孩低下头,用颤抖的声音承认打破了窗玻璃。
Lowering his head,the naughty boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in a tremulous voice.
③[通知] 凡穿校服者都将免费入场。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 to whoever wears the school uniform.
④[情感描写]他眼里含着泪水,承认自己犯了错误,并承诺改正。
With tears in his eyes,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and promised to make it right.
3.occur vi.发生;出现
①A good idea occurred 　　　　 him and he sighed with relief.
②What he describes is more a made-up story than a real 　　　　 (occur).
③It occurred to him 　　　　 (phone) the police for help.
④[道歉信] 我突然想到第二天早上有一个重要的讲座要听。很抱歉不能跟你一起去书店了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that I have an important lecture to attend the next morning.I am so sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you.
4.escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开;泄露 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
①To our relief,the students narrowly escaped 　　　　the shaking building.
②[动作描写]当兔子感觉到危险时,它迅速逃进了茂密的灌木丛。
The rabbit 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when it sensed danger.
③此刻我忘记了一些重要的事情,我就是想不起来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the moment and I just can’t recall it.
④我们九死一生,幸运地避免了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,fortunately avoiding being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
5.settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷);支付(债务或账单);最终决定;殖民;停留,降落
A.vt.结束(争论);解决(纠纷)　B.vi.定居 C.vt.支付(债务或账单) D.vi.停留,降落
①He settled his account before leaving the hotel.　　　
②They agree to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.　　　
③After traveling for years,they finally settled in a quiet village.　　　
④The bird circled the branch twice before deciding to settle,its wings still trembling slightly.　　　
⑤The 　　　　,who had long sought a 　　　　 life in the new land,finally reached a 　　　　 to end the conflicts and establish a peaceful 　　　　,where they hoped to 　　　　 down and live comfortably.(settle)
⑥[动作描写]一旦孩子们上床睡觉后,她就坐下来继续阅读她上周开始读的那本书。
Once the children were in bed,she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the book she had started the previous week.
6.suit vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n.西服;套装
①He decided to suit his study plan 　　　　 his new schedule to improve his efficiency.
②In my opinion,making a 　　　　 (suit) timetable is necessary and important for us to make good use of our time.
③[2023·全国乙卷]Many of these species are not ideally 　　　　(suit) to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.
④[申请信]我的确认为这项志愿者工作很适合我,因为我精通英语。
I do believe this voluntary work 　　　　　　　　　　　　,because I have a good knowledge of English.
⑤[动作描写]这个小女孩穿着一套新衣服,蹦蹦跳跳地出了家门。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the little girl danced out of the house.
7.bring about 导致;引起
①I don’t clearly remember who 　　　　　　　　　　 the question but clearly remember it
　　　　　　　　 a heated discussion.
②To better develop our country,we need to 　　　　　　　　a lot more new business.
③Our government has taken measures to 　　　　　　　　 the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
④The trip 　　　　　　　　 series of happy memories to me.
⑤[倡议信]日益加剧的全球变暖带来了许多意想不到的灾难。
The increasing global warming 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
除bring about 外,常见的表示“导致;引起”的还有cause,result in,lead to,contribute to等。
8.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese,many of whom do not speak English fluently.
如今中国城的绝大多数居民依旧是华人,他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。
①[环境描写]在黑暗的森林里,矗立着一所房子,它的屋顶覆盖着树叶和苔藓。
In the dark forest,there stood a house,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 leaves and moss.
②[告知信]这个学期,我们学校为学生提供了许多选修课程,每一门课程都吸引了许多学生。
Our school offers many optional courses to the students this semester,　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 many students.
③[感谢信]我非常感谢您的指导,没有您的指导,我绝不可能按时完成这个研究项目。
I deeply appreciate your guidance,　　　　　　　　 I could never have completed the research project on time.
(1)定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语,且介词位于引导词前时,指物只能用引导词which,指人只能用引导词whom,且引导词不能省略。
(2)“the +名词+of whom/which”可转换为“whose+名词”。
(3)如何判断和确定从句中的介词
①根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词;
②根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词;
③根据句意来确定介词。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。①为what引导的　　　　从句,what 是连接代词,在此处相当于the place that。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:一开始只是用手机随手拍照的业余爱好,后来渐渐发展成了浓厚的热爱,凭借这个爱好,她甚至获得了市级摄影奖项。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 has gradually developed into an intense passion,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.　　　　　　　
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.　　　　　　　
③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle,Italy was the clear winner.　　　　　　　
④(2024·北京卷)The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources,and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information.　　　　　　　
⑤(2023·北京卷)Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.　　　　　　　
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
We needed to settle① the bill before leaving the café,so Dad pulled out his wallet and paid the cashier.On the way home,we noticed a group of birds settle② on the telephone wire,chirping loudly in the afternoon sun.Mom mentioned that her friend wanted to settle③ in this neighborhood, drawn by the quiet streets and friendly neighbors.Later,we had to settle④a small argument between my elder sister and me over who got to pick the movie—we ended up choosing one we both liked.
离开咖啡馆前,我们得先①　　　　,于是爸爸拿出钱包跟收银员结了账。回家的路上,我们看到一群鸟儿②　　　　在电话线上,在午后的阳光下大声地鸣叫。妈妈说她的朋友被这里安静的街道和友善的邻居吸引了,想在这个小区③　　　　。后来,我们不得不④　　　　我和姐姐之间关于谁来选电影的小争论—— 最后选了一部我们俩都喜欢的。
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025· 新课标Ⅰ卷)As our move day drew near,I 　　　　(settle) on a new price ($0) and reposted it.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists 　　　　(collect)billions of records.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A torch (手电筒) along with 　　　　 (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark.
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped 　　　　 the tree.
5.The wetlands are home 　　　　 a large variety of wildlife.
6.His hard work paid off and he gained 　　　　 (admit) to his dream university.
7.His brave decision brought 　　　　 a great change to the situation.
8.Such an unexpected 　　　　(occur) made everyone present shocked.
9.English grammar becomes a bottleneck of my English writing,the sentence I 　　　　 (construction) being much more like a Chinese sentence than an English one.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入]推荐信—跨国交流—推荐中国城市
　　假设你是高中生李华,你的外国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化,最近打算来中国工作和生活一段时间,但是不确定应该去往哪个城市,写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信,内容包括:
1.你推荐的城市;
2.推荐的理由;
3.表达祝愿。
[场景演练]
1.我了解到你对中国传统文化怀有好奇并打算暂时来中国工作和生活,我非常乐意推荐北京,它是你在中国停留期间的理想去处。(settle,suitable)
2.北京是我们的首都,是见证中国辉煌的过去和不断变化的现在的理想地方。
3.北京因多样的古建筑而享有盛誉。(diversity)
4.它代表了当地传统的生活方式。
5.这里还有许多受欢迎的旅游景点,包括长城和故宫博物院,仅举几例。(to name but a few)
6.最吸引众多游客的是众多的博物馆和历史遗迹。(what引导的主语从句,historical)
7.那里珍贵的文物正等着你去探索。
8.除此之外,北京还有精彩的京剧表演。(apart from)
9.这些表演是你绝对不能错过的。
10.祝你在中国逗留期间感到愉快且充实。
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
2.将第3句和第4句用分词作状语进行改写升级。
3.将第6句和第7句用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句进行改写升级。
4.将第8句和第9句用what引导的表语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
tiptoe蹑手蹑脚 stride大步走 sneak鬼鬼祟祟地走 limp瘸着走 wander漫步 pace来回踱步 stroll漫步闲逛 走 crawl/creep/climb爬行 walk走 slip悄悄疾行 slide悄悄溜走 trudge跋涉,费力地走 stumble/stagger跌跌撞撞地走 drag one’s feet拖着脚步
run跑 dash猛冲;急奔 race快速奔跑 rush急速行进 charge猛冲 sprint全力冲刺 (速度快且持续时间短) 跑 jog慢跑 trot小跑;快步;疾走 gallop(马等四足动物)飞奔,疾驰 bolt突然快速移动 scamper轻快地跑,蹦蹦跳跳地跑(小动物或孩童)
jump双脚向上跳 skip双脚交替小步跳 bounce向前或向上双脚跳跃 hop单脚跳 leap跳跃 spring突然迅速地跳起 跳 bound轻快地跳,跳跃前进 vault撑跳,跃过 hop on/off快速跳上/跳下(交通工具等) jump to one’s feet猛地跳起来(强调动作迅速) jump up and down上下跳(常表达兴奋、激动的情绪)
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.procedure　　　n.程序;步骤;手续 2.launch vt.& n.发射;发起;上市 3.giant adj.巨大的;伟大的 n.巨人;巨兽;伟人 4.leap n.跳跃;剧增;剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt,leapt or leaped,leaped) 跳过;跃过 5.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 6.signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志 7.recycle　　　　　vt.回收利用;再利用 8.muscle n.肌肉;实力;影响力 9.otherwise adv.否则;要不然 10.beyond prep.在更远处;超出 11.facility n.设施;设备 12.keen adj.热衷的;渴望的 13.resource n.资源;财力;物力 14.closing adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭 15.attach vt.系;绑;贴
阅 读 词 汇 1.astronaut 　　　n.宇航员;太空人 2.cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米 3.rocket n.火箭;火箭弹 4.gravity n.重力;引力 5.frontier n.边境;国界;边远地区 6.vehicle n.交通工具;车辆 7.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星 8.orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的) 轨道;势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行;环绕……运行 9.mankind n.人类 10.data n. [pl.]资料;数据 11.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飞船 12.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间 13.jade n.玉;翡翠;玉器 14.module n.舱;组件;模块 15.float vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮 vt.使浮动;使漂流 16.solar 　　　　adj.太阳的;太阳能的 17.solar system 太阳系;类太阳系 18.soap n.肥皂 19.towel n.毛巾;抹布 20.microwave n.(also microwave oven) 微波炉 21.tissue n.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的) 组织 22.fatal adj.致命的;灾难性的 23.shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的 24.pattern n.模式;图案;模范 25.high-end adj.高端的 26.monitor n.监视器;监测仪 vt.监视;监测;监控 27.foam n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫 28.pillow n.枕头 29.smartphone n.智能手机 30.oxygen n.氧;氧气
拓 展 词 汇 1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→mentally adv.精神上;思想上 2.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→intelligence n.智力;智慧;才智→intelligently adv.聪明地;明智地 3.determine vt.查明;确定;决定→determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determination n.决心;毅力 4.agency n.(政府的) 专门机构;服务机构;代理处→agent n.代理人;经纪人 5.transmit vt.& vi.传输;发送→transmission n.传输;发送;传送;播送→transmitter n.发射机;发射台;传播者,传输者 6.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望;使破灭→disappointment n.失望;沮丧 7.universe n.宇宙;天地万物→universal adj.通用的;全体的;全世界的→universally adv.全体地;一致地 8.independent adj.独立的;自立的→independently adv.独立地;自立地→independence n.独立;自主 9.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的;不足的 10.current adj.当前的;现在的 n.水流;电流;思潮→ currently adv.现时;当前→currency n.通货;货币;流行 11.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地;足够地→sufficiency n.足量;充足→insufficient adj.不充分的,不够重要的 12.globe n.地球;世界;地球仪→global adj.全球的,世界的→globally adv.全球地 13.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→argument n.争论;争吵;论点→argumentative adj.爱辩论的;好争论的 14.analysis n.(pl. analyses)(对事物的) 分析;分析结果→analyse vt.分析 15.regular adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→regularly adv.经常;定期地→irregular adj.无规律的;不定期的 16.limited adj.有限的→limit n.限制;限度 vt.限制;限定→limitless adj.无限的;无界限的 17.mystery n.神秘事物;谜→mysterious adj.神秘的;不可思议的
重 点 词 块 1.be determined to do sth　　下定决心做某事 2.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 3.focus on 关注;聚焦于 4.carry on 继续做,坚持干 5.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上 6.in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 7.so as to (do sth)　　　　为了;以便 8.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 9.result in 导致;造成 10.as a result 所以;结果(是) 11.provide for sb 提供生活所需 12.in closing 最后 13.run out 用完;耗尽
重 点 句 型 1.……1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。(动词不定式作后置定语) ...on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. 2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。(because引导的表语从句) This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 3.世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是更远的星球。(whether...or...) 　Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away. 4.因此,这项事业应该继续下去,以便为人类(面临的)短期问题和长期问题提供更好的和更新的解决方案。(so as to引导目的状语) Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
动词变名词的后缀“-ure/-ture” 集锦:
①proceed→procedure 程序;步骤;手续　　
②press→pressure 压力　　　　
③fail→failure 失败
④please→pleasure 愉快
⑤expose→exposure 暴露;揭露
⑥sign→signature 签名
⑦mix→mixture 混合
⑧sculpt→sculpture 雕塑
⑨create→creature生物
⑩depart→departure 离开;出发
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,analyses(分析) suggest that renewables are up to the task. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The hospital school is free of parents,doctors,and medical procedures(procedure).It’s a place of learning. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise (否则) be thrown away. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined (determine) that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Physical health and mental(mentally)health are the priority. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow(学习和成长的一种方式). 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Once in a lecture,the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates.I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources (resource) and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns(模式). 11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive,it might be because(因为)even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently (current) developing it. 13.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage recycling (recycle) and waste reduction by limiting (限制) garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. 14.(2024·全国甲卷)Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses on board (在车上) provide rural (乡村的) populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions. 15.(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. 16.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in (造成) a more accurate estimate. 17.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)...the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent(dependent) individuals. 18.(2023·浙江1月卷) I’ve learned a few things along the way though,which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out(弄明白) how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. 19.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a result (所以),these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的
①[情感描写] She was disappointed at/by/about/with the canceled trip,her smile fading and fingers brushing the handle of the packed suitcase.
②[情感描写] He was disappointed to hear (hear) that their team lost the competition,sitting quietly on the bench,head down.
③[情感描写] He was a little disappointed in/with himself,staring at the final score,a little sigh slipping out.But,he didn’t lose heart.
④[心理描写] The disappointment settled in my chest like a heavy stone when I saw the disappointing results.I glanced at my friend—her disappointed expression mirrored mine.(disappoint)
⑤令我失望的是,音乐会在最后一刻取消了。
To my disappointment,the concert was canceled at the last minute.
2.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望
①[推荐信] Since you have a strong desire to learn(learn) Chinese culture,I think this university is an ideal place for you.
②[申请信] My bilingual skills and management experience make me a desirable(desire) candidate for this position.
③[建议信]如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流,我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely/you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely,I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
3.lack n.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏
①[建议信] You might find English writing hard because of a lack of daily practice.Try writing a short paragraph every day.
②[建议信] If you’re lacking in patience with difficult math problems,take small steps.Break them down,and you’ll solve them faster.
③[求助信] 由于缺乏足够的训练,我们在即将到来的比赛中很难取胜。
→Through lack of sufficient training,it is difficult for us to win in the upcoming competition.(介词短语)
→Lacking enough training,we will have difficulty winning in the upcoming match.(分词短语作状语)
4.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论
①[动作描写] She argued her friend into joining the debate club,grabbing her hand and grinning,“Just try one meeting—you’ll love sharing your ideas!”
②[演讲稿] Nowadays,it’s tough to argue against the many benefits that the Internet has brought into our lives.
③[倡议信] A strong argument (argue) for encouraging daily reading is that it not only helps build vocabulary but also sharpens critical thinking.
④[推荐信] 当谈到代表我国丰富的历史和文化遗产时,毋庸置疑,长城是中国的象征之一。
When it comes to representing the rich history and cultural heritage of our country,it is beyond argument that the Great Wall is one of the symbols of China.
⑤[动作描写] 他们就赢得比赛的最佳策略激烈地相互争论,每个人都坚持认为自己的方法更好。
They fiercely argued with each other over/about the best strategy to win the game,each insisting that their approach was superior.
5.carry on 继续做,坚持干
①[动作描写] She wiped the sweat from her forehead and carried on with her painting,brush moving steadily across the canvas even as her hand trembled a little.
②[动作描写] The team gathered around the desk,each picking up a tool to carry out their plan.
③[主旨升华] It was her friends who carried her through the tough times—like steady hands in a storm,their support and encouragement never wavering.
④[心理描写] 尽管下雨了,他们还是继续踢足球,决心不让一点雨水破坏他们的乐趣。
Despite the rain,they carried on playing football,determining not to let a little water spoil their fun.
⑤[场景描写] 新课本散发出的清新墨香让她回想起了开学第一天,同学们轻声交谈,老师在黑板上写下名字。
The smell of fresh ink from new textbooks carried her back to the first day of school when classmates chatted softly and the teacher wrote names on the blackboard.
6.result in 导致;造成
①Irregular eating habits may result in health problems.
②The misunderstanding between the two groups resulted from a lack of proper communication.
③He was injured in an accident.As a result,he couldn’t take part in the sports meeting.
→He couldn’t take part in the sports meeting as a result of his injury in an accident.
7.run out 用完;耗尽
①[建议信] By reading every day,your reading ability and vocabulary will improve in the long run.
②[环境描写] The sun lit up the forest path as she stepped over a fallen branch.Just then,she ran across/into a small stream,its water whispering over round stones.
③由于耗尽了精力和耐心,简放弃了在小溪边散步。
Running out of energy and patience,Jane gave up her walking along the stream.
④[心理描写] 她决定竞选班长一职,希望能为学校社区带来改变。
She decided to run for the class monitor,hoping to make a difference to the school community.
run out是不及物动词短语,主语通常是物,不能用于被动语态;run out of相当于use up,表示“用完;耗尽”时,为及物动词短语,通常以人作主语,可用于被动语态。
8.动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] ...on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
……1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
①[建议信] 你最好抓住这次机会来每天练习说英语。
You’d better seize the chance to practice speaking English every day.
②[建议信] 这是解决问题的最佳方法,能节省大量时间。
This is the best method to solve the problem,which saves a lot of time.
③[主旨升华]每次我失败时,她总是第一个提醒我优点的人。
Through every failure,she has always been the first person to remind me of my strengths.
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] China became the third country in the world ①to independently send humans into space in 2003,②when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003”。①为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰country;②为when引导的非限制性定语从句,对2003年进行补充说明。
自主翻译:在2003年,杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行,中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。
情境仿写:我校科技社团在2023年成为全市首个赢得全国冠军的社团,当时其成员凭借富有创意的编程击败了32支顶尖队伍。
Our school’s technology club became the first club in the city to win the national championship in 2023,when its members defeated 32 top teams with their innovative programming.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.pattern
A.n.模式　　　B.n.图案　　　 C.n.模范
①Children often learn by copying the behavior patterns of their parents.　A　
②Her dedication to work has set a pattern for all new employees.　C　
③The dress is decorated with a beautiful pattern of flowers and leaves.　B　
2.current
A.adj.当前的;现在的　　　B.n.水流
C.n.电流 D.n.思潮
①The strong current carried the boat downstream.　B　
②A sudden increase in current caused the light to go out.　C　
③The current situation requires us to make a quick decision.　A　
④There is a current of optimism among young people about the future.　D　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)...n.数据
② (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.v.监控
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.n.设备
④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. prep.超出
⑤(2023·浙江1月卷)According to the Solar Energy Industry Association,the number of solar panels installed has grown rapidly in the past decade...adj.太阳能的
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since setting out on the journey,the fitness lover has not only managed to grow an impressive set of muscles (muscle)—but also a huge following on social media.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments(argue) and strings them together.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited (limit) time.
4.Determined(determine)to succeed,he began to work hard.
5.The scientist’s intelligence (intelligent) and hard work led to the important discovery.
6.The disappointed (disappoint) look on her face showed she hadn’t expected such a result.
7.The young man strives for independence (independent) from his parents after graduation.
8.There’s a mysterious (mystery) atmosphere in the old house that makes people feel uneasy.
9.He saved every penny so as to afford the tuition for his dream university.
10.She was so attached(attach) to her old laptop that she found it difficult to switch to a newer model.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 演讲稿—科技发展与人类未来—太空探索
　　假设你是李华,你校英文社将要举行主题为“是否有必要进行太空探索”的演讲比赛,请你根据以下要点,写一篇演讲稿参赛。内容如下:1.人们对太空探索的看法各不相同;2.你的观点;3.你的结论。
[场景演练]
1.我很荣幸能站在这里就人类是否有必要进行太空探索发表演讲。(mankind)
It’s my great honour to stand here to deliver a speech on whether it’s necessary for mankind to carry out space exploration.
2.有些人主张太空探索,而另一些人则反对。(argue)
Some people argue for space exploration while others are against it.
3.在我看来,我们应该重视它,因为它有很多好处。(attach)
In my opinion,we should attach importance to it because of its many benefits.
4.首先,卫星收集的数据为我们提供了重要的信息,为几乎每个行业提供了参考。(satellite)
To begin with,the data collected by the satellites provides us with significant information and offers reference to nearly every industry.
5.而且,太空探索为我们提供了一个机会,让我们更多地了解生命和宇宙,从而拓宽了我们的思维和视野。(universe,动词不定式作后置定语)
Besides,space exploration offers us a chance to find out more about life and the universe,thus broadening our minds and horizons.
6.此外,太空探索取得的巨大飞跃,会激发人们突破极限的渴望,也进而促进科技领域更多突破的产生。(giant,leap,desire)
What’s more,the giant leaps achieved in space exploration will fuel people’s desire to push boundaries and further promote more breakthroughs in science and technology.
7.因此,我真诚地希望它能够继续下去,以便更好地为我们服务。(carry on,so as to)
Therefore,I sincerely hope that it can be carried on so as to serve us better.
[句式升级]
1.将第4句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
To begin with,the data collected by the satellites provides us with significant information,offering reference to nearly every industry.
2.将第6句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
What’s more,the giant leaps achieved in space exploration will fuel people’s desire to push boundaries,which further promotes more breakthroughs in science and technology.
[连句成篇]
Ladies and gentlemen,
It’s my great honour to stand here to deliver a speech on whether it’s necessary for mankind to carry out space exploration.Some people argue for space exploration while others are against it.In my opinion,we should attach importance to it because of its many benefits.
To begin with,the data collected by the satellites provides us with significant information,offering reference to nearly every industry.Besides,space exploration offers us a chance to find out more about life and the universe,thus broadening our minds and horizons.What’s more,the giant leaps achieved in space exploration will fuel people’s desire to push boundaries,which further promotes more breakthroughs in science and technology.
Therefore,I sincerely hope that it can be carried on so as to serve us better.
Thanks for your listening!
　　从学校回家的路上,汤姆看到一只美丽的蝴蝶,便开始追赶它。当汤姆追逐蝴蝶时,他的心中充满了冒险的感觉。当觉得自己就要抓住它的时候,他兴奋地上下蹦跳。蝴蝶飞走了,但汤姆仍然跳跃着追赶它。然而,过了一会儿,蝴蝶消失在他的视线中,他开始拖着脚步,漫无目的地闲逛。最后,当他回到家时,他蹑手蹑脚地走着,不想打扰任何人。汤姆不知道,在他进行这场小小的冒险时,他的母亲正在焦急地等待着他。在屋里,他的母亲正来回踱步,担心着他的安全。
On the way home from school,Tom saw a beautiful butterfly and started to ①dash after it.As Tom chased the butterfly,his heart was filled with a sense of adventure.
When he thought he was about to catch it,he ②jumped up and down in excitement.
The butterfly flew away,but Tom still ③bounced after it.
However,after a while,the butterfly was out of his sight,and he started to ④drag his feet as he ⑤wandered aimlessly.
Eventually,when he got back to his house,he ⑥tiptoed and didn’t want to disturb anyone.
Tom had no idea that while he was on his little adventure,his mother was anxiously waiting for him.Inside,his mother ⑦was pacing back and forth,worried about his safety.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.cheese　　　　n.干酪;奶酪 2.downtown adv.在市中心;往市中心 3.mission n.传教(区);重要任务;使命 4.district n.地区;区域 5.comic n.连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的 6.afterwards (NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后;后来 7.seek vt.& vi.(sought,sought)寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求 8.earn vt.& vi.挣得;赚得;赢得;博得 9.china n.瓷;瓷器 10.jazz n.爵士乐 11.bar n.酒吧;小吃店;小馆子 12.diagram n.简图;图解;图表;示意图 13.journal n.日志;日记;报纸;刊物 14.claim vt.& n.夺取(生命);宣称;断言 15.series n.一系列;连续;接连 16.escape　　vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱 17.Atlantic adj.大西洋的 18.jeans n.牛仔裤 19.boot n.靴子 20.mushroom n.蘑菇;蕈 21.poison n.毒物;毒药;毒素 vt.毒死;毒害 22.fold vt.包;裹;折叠 vt.& vi.(可)折小;(可)叠平 23.super adv.特别;格外 adj.顶好的;超级的 24.percentage n.百分率;百分比 25.climate n.气候 26.mild adj.温和的;和善的;轻微的 27.material n.材料;布料;素材 adj.物质的;实际的 28.item n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻) 29.neat adj.极好的;整洁的;整齐的
阅 读 词 汇 1.gumbo　　　　　n.秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤) 2.nachos n. [pl.]墨西哥玉米片 3.chip n.(英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片 4.spicy adj.加有香料的;辛辣的 5.ethnic adj.具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的 6.graffiti n.[pl.]涂鸦;胡写乱画 7.immigrant　　　　　　　n.(外来)移民;外侨 8.poisonous adj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的 9.accessory n.配饰;附件;配件 10.souvenir n.纪念物;纪念品 11.tai chi (also t’ai chi) 太极拳 12.clothing n.衣服;服装 13.herbal adj.药草的;香草的
拓 展 词 汇 1.diverse adj.不同的;多种多样的→diversity n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性 2.fortune n.机会;运气→misfortune n.不幸;厄运→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunate adj.不幸的→unfortunately adv.不幸地 3.admit vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入) →admission n.准许进入;入场费;承认 4.definitely adv.肯定;确实→definite adj.肯定的;明确的→define vt.给……下定义;使明确 5.occur vi.发生;出现→occurrence n.发生;发生的事 6.historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n.历史→historian n.历史学家→historic adj.历史上著名的,有重大历史意义的 7.select vt.选择;挑选;选拔→selection n.选择;挑选→selective adj.选择性的;有选择的 8.minority n.少数民族;少数派;少数人→minor adj.较小的;较少的 9.financial adj.财政的;财务的;金融的→financially adv.金融上地;财政上地→finance n.财政;财务;金融 10.poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作→poet n.诗人→poem n.诗作;诗 11.collection n.作品集;收集物;收藏品→collect vt.收藏;收集→collective adj.共同的;集体的 12.settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)→settlement n.协议;解决;定居点→settler n.移民→settled adj.稳定的;舒适自在的 13.construction n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建筑;建造→constructive adj.建设性的,积极的 14.suit vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身n.西服;套装→suitable adj.适当的;合适的→suitably adv.合适地 15.contain vt.包含;含有;容纳→container n.容器
重 点 词 块 1.head to　　　　　　(朝……)前进;(向……)去 2.seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界 3.earn a living 谋生 4.series of 一系列或一连串(事件) 5.apart from 除了……外(还);此外 6.bring about 导致;引起 7.all year round 一整年;全年 8.settle in　　　　　　定居;安顿下来 9.turn into 变成;成为 10.to name but a few 仅举几例 11.(at) first hand 第一手;亲自 12.be located in/on 位于;坐落于 13.be home to 是……的聚集地/所在地
重 点 句 型 1.我得承认,再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。(It is/feels good to do sth) I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again. 2.这里有众多美丽的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巅,城市、大海和金门大桥的美景尽收眼底。(独立主格结构) There are so many beautiful old buildings—many sitting on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. 3.为了谋生,有些人在中国城开商店、开餐馆。(不定式作目的状语) To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 4.早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。(what引导的主语从句) What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 5.如今中国城的绝大多数居民依旧是华人,他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。(“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句) The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese,many of whom do not speak English fluently.
动词变名词的后缀“-ment” 集锦:
①settle→settlement协议;解决;定居点　　　
②achieve→achievement成就
③amaze→amazement惊讶
④announce→announcement通知
⑤appoint→appointment 约会,预约
⑥argue→argument争论
⑦attach→attachment附件;依恋
⑧embarrass→embarrassment尴尬
⑨equip→equipment设备
judge→judgement判断
state→statement陈述,声明
treat→treatment对待;治疗
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)We definitely (definite) should get together sometime and have a drink. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)It should be noted that none of the items(item) on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. 3.(2025·浙江1月卷)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers,students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection(collect). 4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems(poem) since the program was launched last March. 5.(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial(finance) aid programs to motivate doctors to practise medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 6.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing (contain) separate portions (份). 7.(2024·浙江1月卷)Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials (material) and contribute to online discussion boards. 8.(2024·浙江1月卷)A single sugary treat,selected(select) by the child,was placed on a table. 9.(2024·北京卷)Unfortunately (fortune),this is not a scientific question. 10.(2024·北京卷)He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes,but that they are less likely to recognise or admit (承认) that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. 11.(2024·北京卷)As a result,the first four years of my postgraduate career were denied by a series of (一系列) failures. 12.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Seeking and accepting constructive(construct) feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. 13.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle (定居) into their new home. 14.(2023·全国甲、乙卷)So,what I’m really looking for in the competition is to meet someone who can touch me musically. 15.(2023·全国甲、乙卷)Apart from (除……之外) the knowledge and skills related to my major,I’m really good with computers.I have a large amount of experience working with big data.I think I’m well qualified for the accountant position here. 16.(2023·全国甲卷)Earning (earn) first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list,progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues (场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. 17.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic (history) events. 18.(2023·北京卷)In recent years,researchers from diverse (diversity) fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.fortune n.机会;运气;财富
①幸运垂青有准备的人。
Fortune favors those who prepare.
②我认为我们随机结组不好,因为不是所有的学生都能有幸遇到一个合适的搭档。
I don’t think it’s good to pair us up randomly,because not all students are fortunate to meet a suitable partner.
③幸运的是,经过医院短暂治疗后,他的健康状况已经允许他离开与家人团聚。
It was fortunate that after a brief stay in the hospital,he was healthy enough to be permitted to leave and reunite with his family.
④[演讲稿]能有幸发表题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲,我感到很高兴。
I’m delighted to have the (good) fortune to give a speech titled “Be smart online learners”.
2.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)
①Knowing that she was admitted to/into her ideal university,she jumped with joy.
②[动作描写]这个淘气的男孩低下头,用颤抖的声音承认打破了窗玻璃。
Lowering his head,the naughty boy admitted breaking/having broken the window in a tremulous voice.
③[通知] 凡穿校服者都将免费入场。
Admission will be free to whoever wears the school uniform.
④[情感描写]他眼里含着泪水,承认自己犯了错误,并承诺改正。
With tears in his eyes,he admitted his mistake/he admitted that he had made a mistake/he admitted having made a mistake and promised to make it right.
3.occur vi.发生;出现
①A good idea occurred to him and he sighed with relief.
②What he describes is more a made-up story than a real occurrence (occur).
③It occurred to him to phone (phone) the police for help.
④[道歉信] 我突然想到第二天早上有一个重要的讲座要听。很抱歉不能跟你一起去书店了。
It suddenly occurs to me that I have an important lecture to attend the next morning.I am so sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you.
4.escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开;泄露 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
①To our relief,the students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.
②[动作描写]当兔子感觉到危险时,它迅速逃进了茂密的灌木丛。
The rabbit quickly escaped into the thick bushes when it sensed danger.
③此刻我忘记了一些重要的事情,我就是想不起来。
Something important escapes me at the moment and I just can’t recall it.
④我们九死一生,幸运地避免了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
We had a narrow escape,fortunately avoiding being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
5.settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷);支付(债务或账单);最终决定;殖民;停留,降落
A.vt.结束(争论);解决(纠纷)　B.vi.定居
C.vt.支付(债务或账单) D.vi.停留,降落
①He settled his account before leaving the hotel.　C　
②They agree to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.　A　
③After traveling for years,they finally settled in a quiet village.　B　
④The bird circled the branch twice before deciding to settle,its wings still trembling slightly.
　D　
⑤The settlers,who had long sought a settled life in the new land,finally reached a settlement to end the conflicts and establish a peaceful settlement,where they hoped to settle down and live comfortably.(settle)
⑥[动作描写]一旦孩子们上床睡觉后,她就坐下来继续阅读她上周开始读的那本书。
Once the children were in bed,she settled down to continue reading the book she had started the previous week.
6.suit vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n.西服;套装
①He decided to suit his study plan to his new schedule to improve his efficiency.
②In my opinion,making a suitable (suit) timetable is necessary and important for us to make good use of our time.
③[2023·全国乙卷]Many of these species are not ideally suited(suit) to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.
④[申请信]我的确认为这项志愿者工作很适合我,因为我精通英语。
I do believe this voluntary work suits me well,because I have a good knowledge of English.
⑤[动作描写]这个小女孩穿着一套新衣服,蹦蹦跳跳地出了家门。
Dressed in a suit of new clothes,the little girl danced out of the house.
7.bring about 导致;引起
①I don’t clearly remember who brought up the question but clearly remember it brought about a heated discussion.
②To better develop our country,we need to bring in a lot more new business.
③Our government has taken measures to bring down the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
④The trip brought back series of happy memories to me.
⑤[倡议信]日益加剧的全球变暖带来了许多意想不到的灾难。
The increasing global warming has brought about many unexpected disasters.
除bring about 外,常见的表示“导致;引起”的还有cause,result in,lead to,contribute to等。
8.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese,many of whom do not speak English fluently.
如今中国城的绝大多数居民依旧是华人,他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。
①[环境描写]在黑暗的森林里,矗立着一所房子,它的屋顶覆盖着树叶和苔藓。
In the dark forest,there stood a house,the roof of which was covered with leaves and moss.
②[告知信]这个学期,我们学校为学生提供了许多选修课程,每一门课程都吸引了许多学生。
Our school offers many optional courses to the students this semester,each of which appeals to/attracts many students.
③[感谢信]我非常感谢您的指导,没有您的指导,我绝不可能按时完成这个研究项目。
I deeply appreciate your guidance,without which I could never have completed the research project on time.
(1)定语从句的引导词作介词的宾语,且介词位于引导词前时,指物只能用引导词which,指人只能用引导词whom,且引导词不能省略。
(2)“the +名词+of whom/which”可转换为“whose+名词”。
(3)如何判断和确定从句中的介词
①根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词;
②根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词;
③根据句意来确定介词。
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] ①What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。①为what引导的主语从句,what 是连接代词,在此处相当于the place that。
自主翻译:早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
情境仿写:一开始只是用手机随手拍照的业余爱好,后来渐渐发展成了浓厚的热爱,凭借这个爱好,她甚至获得了市级摄影奖项。
What started as a casual hobby of taking photos with a mobile phone has gradually developed into an intense passion,with which she even won a city-level photography award.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.v.包含
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection.n.收集
③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to settle,Italy was the clear winner.v.定居
④(2024·北京卷)The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources,and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information.v.寻找
⑤(2023·北京卷)Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.v.承认
2.写出语段中黑体词的含义
We needed to settle① the bill before leaving the café,so Dad pulled out his wallet and paid the cashier.On the way home,we noticed a group of birds settle② on the telephone wire,chirping loudly in the afternoon sun.Mom mentioned that her friend wanted to settle③ in this neighborhood,drawn by the quiet streets and friendly neighbors.Later,we had to settle④a small argument between my elder sister and me over who got to pick the movie—we ended up choosing one we both liked.
离开咖啡馆前,我们得先①结账,于是爸爸拿出钱包跟收银员结了账。回家的路上,我们看到一群鸟儿②降落在电话线上,在午后的阳光下大声地鸣叫。妈妈说她的朋友被这里安静的街道和友善的邻居吸引了,想在这个小区③定居。后来,我们不得不④解决我和姐姐之间关于谁来选电影的小争论—— 最后选了一部我们俩都喜欢的。
Step 2　单句语法填空　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
1.(2025· 新课标Ⅰ卷)As our move day drew near,I settled(settle) on a new price ($0) and reposted it.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected(collect)billions of records.
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A torch (手电筒) along with suitable (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark.
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.
5.The wetlands are home to a large variety of wildlife.
6.His hard work paid off and he gained admission(admit) to his dream university.
7.His brave decision brought about a great change to the situation.
8.Such an unexpected occurrence (occur) made everyone present shocked.
9.English grammar becomes a bottleneck of my English writing,the sentence I construct(construction) being much more like a Chinese sentence than an English one.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入]推荐信—跨国交流—推荐中国城市
　　假设你是高中生李华,你的外国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化,最近打算来中国工作和生活一段时间,但是不确定应该去往哪个城市,写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信,内容包括:
1.你推荐的城市;
2.推荐的理由;
3.表达祝愿。
[场景演练]
1.我了解到你对中国传统文化怀有好奇并打算暂时来中国工作和生活,我非常乐意推荐北京,它是你在中国停留期间的理想去处。(settle,suitable)
Learning about your curiosity about traditional Chinese culture and your intention to temporarily work and settle in China,I’m more than glad to recommend Beijing as an ideal destination suitable for you to stay in China.
2.北京是我们的首都,是见证中国辉煌的过去和不断变化的现在的理想地方。
Beijing is our capital city and is an ideal place to witness China’s glorious past and ever-changing present.
3.北京因多样的古建筑而享有盛誉。(diversity)
Beijing enjoys a high reputation for its diversity of ancient architecture.
4.它代表了当地传统的生活方式。
It represents the traditional local lifestyles.
5.这里还有许多受欢迎的旅游景点,包括长城和故宫博物院,仅举几例。(to name but a few)
There are many popular tourist attractions,including the Great Wall and the Palace Museum,to name but a few.
6.最吸引众多游客的是众多的博物馆和历史遗迹。(what引导的主语从句,historical)
What attracts many tourists most are numerous museums and historical sites.
7.那里珍贵的文物正等着你去探索。
There precious relics are waiting for you to explore.
8.除此之外,北京还有精彩的京剧表演。(apart from)
Apart from that,Beijing has excellent Peking Opera performances.
9.这些表演是你绝对不能错过的。
These performances are something you can’t miss.
10.祝你在中国逗留期间感到愉快且充实。
I wish you a pleasant and fulfilling stay in China.
[句式升级]
1.将第2句用同位语进行改写升级。
Beijing,our capital city,is an ideal place to witness China’s glorious past and ever-changing present.
2.将第3句和第4句用分词作状语进行改写升级。
Beijing enjoys a high reputation for its diversity of ancient architecture,representing the traditional local lifestyles.
3.将第6句和第7句用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句进行改写升级。
What attracts many tourists most are numerous museums and historical sites in which precious relics are waiting for you to explore.
4.将第8句和第9句用what引导的表语从句进行改写升级。
Apart from that,the excellent Peking Opera performances there are also what you can’t miss.
[连句成篇]
Dear Jack,
Learning about your curiosity about traditional Chinese culture and your intention to temporarily work and settle in China,I’m more than glad to recommend Beijing as an ideal destination suitable for you to stay in China.
Beijing,our capital city,is an ideal place to witness China’s glorious past and ever-changing present.Beijing enjoys a high reputation for its diversity of ancient architecture,representing the traditional local lifestyles.There are many popular tourist attractions,including the Great Wall and the Palace Museum,to name but a few.What attracts many tourists most are numerous museums and historical sites in which precious relics are waiting for you to explore.Apart from that,the excellent Peking Opera performances there are also what you can’t miss.
I wish you a pleasant and fulfilling stay in China.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
tiptoe蹑手蹑脚 stride大步走 sneak鬼鬼祟祟地走 limp瘸着走 wander漫步 pace来回踱步 stroll漫步闲逛 走 crawl/creep/climb爬行 walk走 slip悄悄疾行 slide悄悄溜走 trudge跋涉,费力地走 stumble/stagger跌跌撞撞地走 drag one’s feet拖着脚步
run跑 dash猛冲;急奔 race快速奔跑 rush急速行进 charge猛冲 sprint全力冲刺 (速度快且持续时间短) 跑 jog慢跑 trot小跑;快步;疾走 gallop(马等四足动物)飞奔,疾驰 bolt突然快速移动 scamper轻快地跑,蹦蹦跳跳地跑(小动物或孩童)
jump双脚向上跳 skip双脚交替小步跳 bounce向前或向上双脚跳跃 hop单脚跳 leap跳跃 spring突然迅速地跳起 跳 bound轻快地跳,跳跃前进 vault撑跳,跃过 hop on/off快速跳上/跳下(交通工具等) jump to one’s feet猛地跳起来(强调动作迅速) jump up and down上下跳(常表达兴奋、激动的情绪)
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.moral　　　　　adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意 2.virtue n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质 3.dilemma n.进退两难的境地;困境 4.moral dilemma 道德困境 5.faint vi.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的;微弱的 6.precious adj.珍稀的;宝贵的 7.entrust vt.委托;交付 8.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应 9.response n.反应;回答;回复 10.hire vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用 11.faraway adj.遥远的 12.decade n.十年;十年期 13.publish vt.发表(作品);出版 14.principle n.道德原则;法则;原则 15.passive adj.被动的;顺从的 16.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 17.accident n.事故;车祸;失事 18.whisper　　　vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传19.midnight n.子夜;午夜 20.import n.进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进 21.export n.出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播 22.bite vt.& vi.(bit,bitten)咬;叮;蜇 n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤 23.memory n.记忆力;回忆 24.pregnant adj.怀孕的;妊娠的 25.disguise vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化装用具 26.spill vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled,spilt/ spilled)(使)洒出;(使)溢出 27.tear n.眼泪;泪水 28.despair n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望 29.might n.力量;威力 30.income n.收入;收益 31.per prep.每;每一 32.therefore adv.因此;所以 33.tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑
阅 读 词 汇 1.tuition　　　　　　n.(小组)教学;讲课 2.fee n.专业服务费;报酬 3.tuition fees 学费 4.union n.协会;联合会;工会 5.scholarship n.奖学金 6.resident physician 住院医师 7.colleague n.同事;同僚 8.clinic n.诊所;门诊部 9.elsewhere adv.在别处;去别处 10.staff n.员工;全体职员 11.saving n.节省物;节省;节约; [pl.]储蓄金;存款 12.kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园 13.insurance n.保险;保险业 14.pole　　　　n.(行星的)极;地极 15.lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈 16.lip n.嘴唇 17.first aid 急救 18.chairman n.主席;主持人;董事长 19.chain n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条 20.café n.咖啡馆;小餐馆 21.waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者 22.maple n.枫树;槭树 23.cart n.手推车;运货马车 24.limp vi.跛行;一瘸一拐地走 25.fable n.寓言;寓言故事 26.court n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭
拓 展 词 汇 1.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n.插图;图解;实例 2.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→marry vt.嫁;娶;与……结婚→married adj.已婚的 3.majority n.大部分;大多数→major adj.主要的 4.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n.牢骚;抱怨 5.physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→physics n.物理→physical adj.物理的;身体上的 6.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受;否决 7.appoint vt.任命;委派→appointment n.任命;委任 8.elect vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选 9.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.倾向;趋势 10.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→retired adj.退休的;退职的→retirement n.退休;退职;退出 11.scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的 12.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.能量;精力→energetically adv.精力充沛地 13.replace vt.接替;取代;更换→replacement n.替换(的人);更换(的物) 14.operation n.手术;企业;经营→operate v.做手术;操作;实施→operator n.操作员;经营者 15.assist vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助手→assistance n.帮助;援助 16.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 17.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n.灵活性
重 点 词 块 1.carry sb through sth　　帮助某人渡过难关 2.tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事 3.be responsible for 对……负责 4.be known as 被称为;以……著称 5.pass away 去世 6.in memory of 作为对……的纪念 7.once upon a time　　　　　　从前,很久以前 8.pick up 爬起,站起 9.trip over 被……绊倒 10.in tears 流着泪;含着泪 11.make an attempt to do sth 试图/尝试做某事 12.in despair 处于绝望中 13.a great deal (of) 大量
重 点 句 型 1.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级) To a person nothing is more precious than their life,... 2.虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。(having done作状语) Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. 3.我宁愿保持单身也要终生学习! (would rather do) I’d rather stay single to study all my life! 4.过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(独立主格结构) After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.
动词变名词的后缀“-(s)sion” 集锦:
①decide→decision决定　　　　　
②conclude→conclusion 结论　　　
③expand→expansion扩张
④extend→extension延长;扩展
⑤admit→admission 承认
⑥permit→permission许可
⑦submit→submission 提交;屈服
⑧discuss→discussion讨论
⑨express→expression表达;表情
⑩impress→impression印象
possess→possession拥有;占有
divide→division 划分;分割
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)In a study published (publish) Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)My daily posts and the visits I received became a precious(珍贵的) ray of light in the chaos of my house. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for(对……负责)a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away(去世)a few months earlier. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)A couple of messages came in,one wanting additional photos,another asking for a price cut(一条要求补充照片,另一条则要求降价). 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)“If you’re scared (scare) about something and thinking only about that,there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected (reject) sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine. 8.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Ludlow is known as(被称为……)the Foodie Centre of England. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers,students and staff (教职工)with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. 10.(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept is certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades (decade)— but for female shoppers,it is just taking off. 11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding (respond) to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable 12.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated (illustrate) what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)Different from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral(道德). 14.(2023·全国甲卷)This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues(同事) who appreciate fine food. 15.(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man(她在整个从医生涯中一直以男性的身份生活和工作). 16.(2023·北京卷)And on slow-burning problems like climate change,it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major (majority) difference tomorrow. 17.(2023·北京卷)This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value.Alan Smith,a complexity scientist,is tired of such complaints (complain). 18.(2023·北京卷)...I turned up at the appointed (appoint) hour for a dinner,only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 19.(2023·北京卷)The field of artificial life—called ALife for short—is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles (principle). 20.(2021·新课标Ⅱ卷)But if you have to read a great deal(大量)for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
①[动作描写] 收到客户的投诉邮件后,她立刻坐下回复,手指在键盘上快速敲击,眼神中透出专注和认真。
Upon receiving the customer’s complaint email,she sat down right away to respond,her fingers tapping the keyboard rapidly,with a focused and serious look in her eyes.
②[情感描写] 看到流浪动物无助的模样,她心中满是心疼,第一反应是联系救助机构。
When she saw the helpless look of the stray animal,her heart was filled with pity,and her first response was to contact the rescue organization.
③[情感描写] 收到远方挚友写满牵挂的信件,她连夜写下满是思念的回信,作为对这份珍贵情谊的温柔回应。
Upon getting a letter full of care from her dear friend far away,she wrote a reply brimming with longing overnight,in response to this precious friendship tenderly.
④他对我的邀请不予回应,这让我很尴尬。
He made no response to my invitation,which made me very awkward.
以上短语中的to均为介词词性。
2.elect vt.选举;推选;选择
①He was elected to take (take) part in the debate.
②[动作描写] 在学生会竞选现场,她深吸一口气,稳步走上讲台,开始介绍自己。
At the Student Union election scene,she took a deep breath,stepped onto the platform steadily,and began to introduce herself.
③[情感描写] 得知自己在班长竞选中高票当选,他眼中泛起泪光,这不仅是一份荣誉,更是同学们对他信任的回应。
When he learned that he was elected with a high vote in the monitor election,tears welled up in his eyes.This was not only an honor,but also a response to the trust from the classmates.
④[申请信] 我的英语成绩优异,因此老师选我担任课代表。
I am so skilled at English that my English teacher elects me as/to be an assistant.
elect作“选举”讲时,在“elect sb+职务”句式中,总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加任何冠词。
3.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
①People tend to feel(feel) more relaxed in natural surroundings.
②[心理描写] 她每日这般悉心照料,盼患者快些康复。
She tended to the patient with such care every day,hoping for a quick recovery.
③[情感描写] 面对压力时,她有个藏在心底的倾向,就是躲进旧书店。当她的指尖摩挲过泛黄的书页时,那些温暖的文字似乎能驱散她的焦虑。
When facing pressure,she had a tendency hidden in her heart:to hide in the old bookstore.As her fingertips caressed the yellowed pages,those warm words seemed to dispel her anxiety.
④[新闻报道] 当下,年轻人消费有个明显趋势,他们更愿意为体验和情绪价值买单。
Currently,there is an obvious tendency in young people’s consumption:they are more willing to pay for experience and emotional value.
“照料;护理”的表达还有look after,take care of,keep an eye on,attend to等。
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
①The sudden loud noise scared the little cat away/off.
②[情感描写] 看完那部恐怖电影后,她整个人处于极度害怕的状态,哪怕看到自己影子在墙上晃动,她都吓得要死。
After watching that scary movie,she was in a state of being extremely scared.Even when she saw her own shadow shaking on the wall,she was scared to death.
③[演讲稿] 今天,在我们毕业之际,让我们向自己承诺:永远不要害怕追逐梦想,即使前路充满未知。
As we graduate today,let’s promise ourselves never to be scared to pursue/of pursuing our dreams,even when faced with uncertainties.
表示“害怕”的其他表达:frightened,terrified,in terror等。
5.assist vt.帮助;援助
①The volunteer offered to assist the elderly with/in their shopping.
②实验室里,研究员正专注于调试仪器,实习生默默协助记录数据。
In the lab,the researcher was focused on adjusting the equipment.The intern silently assisted him in recording data.
③[情感描写] 独居老人突然病倒,邻居第一时间赶来帮忙。这份及时的援助像冬日暖阳,驱散了老人心中的无助。
When the elderly person living alone suddenly fell ill,neighbors came to his assistance immediately.This timely assistance,like the warm winter sun,dispelled the helplessness in the old man’s heart.
④[求助信] 我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I’m wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topic for the class meeting.
6.独立主格结构
[教材原句] After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
①[通知] 一年一度的学校慈善义卖将于本周六上午 9 点在操场启动,李老师负责组织此次活动。
The annual school charity sale will start at 9 a.m.this Saturday in the playground,Ms Li organizing the activity.
②[环境描写] 暴风雨过后,一道彩虹横跨天空,色彩在湿润的空气中闪耀。
The storm over,a rainbow arched across the sky,its colors shining brightly through the wet air.
③[动作描写] 他冲进房间,脸颊通红,握着获奖证书的手颤抖着。
He rushed into the room,face flushed,his hands trembling as he held the winning certificate.
独立主格结构是英语中一种特殊的语法结构,由“名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式”构成,在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等逻辑关系。它不是一个完整的句子,而是依附于主句的附加成分。其基本结构如下:
①名词/代词 + 分词(现在分词/过去分词)
现在分词(doing) → 表示主动或进行:Weather permitting,we’ll go hiking.(天气允许的话,我们将去徒步旅行。)
过去分词(done) → 表示被动或完成:The work finished,they went home.(工作完成后,他们回
家了。)
②名词/代词 + 形容词/副词
He stood there,his face pale.(他站在那里,脸色苍白。)
The meeting over,everyone left.(会议结束后,所有人都离开了。)
③名词/代词 + 介词短语:He came in,a book in his hand.(他进来了,手里拿着一本书。)
④名词/代词 + 不定式(to do):The teacher assigned homework,the students to finish it by Friday.(老师布置了家庭作业,学生们必须在周五之前完成。)
Step 2　长难句分析
1.[教材原句] To a person ①nothing is more precious than their life,and ②if they entrust me with that life,③how could I refuse that trust,④saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired
尝试分析:这是一个并列复合句,由并列连词and连接两个分句。第一个分句是“To a person nothing is more precious than their life”,这是一个简单句,To a person是介词短语作状语,修饰整个句子,①是主系表结构。第二个分句是“if they entrust me with that life,how could I refuse that trust,saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired”,这是一个复合句,②是if引导的条件状语从句,entrust sb with sth是固定搭配,意为 “把某事托付给某人”,③是主句部分,④是现在分词短语作伴随状语, “I’m cold,hungry,or tired”是saying的宾语从句。
自主翻译:对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,如果他们把生命托付给我,我怎么能拒绝他们的信任,说我冷、饿或累呢
情境仿写:对一名学生而言,没有什么比他们的未来更重要的了,如果他们仰赖我的指导,我怎能疏于职责,声称自己太忙或太累呢
To a student nothing is more important than their future,and if they rely on my guidance,how could I neglect my duty,claiming I’m too busy or tired
2.[教材原句] ①Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,②she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,③having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句,①是Though引导的让步状语从句,②是主句,③是现在分词短语作状语,“having + 过去分词” 构成现在分词的完成式,强调该动作(deliver)发生在主句动作(was known as )之前。
自主翻译:虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
情境仿写:尽管这名运动员重伤在身,他却以“民族英雄”之名受誉,曾三夺奥运金牌。
Though the athlete suffered a severe injury,he was celebrated as a“national hero”,having won three Olympic gold medals.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.tend
A.vt.照料,看管 　B.vi.倾向于,趋于
C.vt.维护(设备)
①She tends her garden every morning to keep the plants healthy.　A　
②People tend to make mistakes when they are under pressure.　B　
③Engineers regularly tend the machinery to ensure smooth operation.　C　
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.n.大多数
②(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.v.拒绝接受
③(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.adv.在别处
④(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.I forced a smile,unsure how to respond further.v.回答;回应
⑤(2025·浙江1月卷)Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools,it’s based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does.n.原则
⑥(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill,or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.n.溢出
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement(replace) with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”
2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful (harm) microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major (majority) positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.
4.(2025·浙江1月卷)However,obtaining items that are rare,recently published (publish) or in high demand may take longer.
5.(2025·浙江1月卷)In her study,Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male,female,and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant (assist) and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”
6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Shortly after Mr Rochester bought the hotel,he made an appointment (appoint) to see the hotel manager.
7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 )The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency (tend) to multitask while consuming digital content.
8.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared (scare) of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
9.(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades (decade),which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy.
10.(2023·北京卷)But when mum got home from work,I was still complaining (complain),“Five pages! That’s impossible!”
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 征文—对社会有突出贡献的人物—科学家何泽慧
请你以“我最敬佩的科学家——何泽慧”为主题,写一篇征文,向你校英文报投稿。
[场景演练]
1.今天我想谈谈何泽慧,一个具有高尚道德品质的人。她一直是我的榜样。(moral,virtue)
Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue.She has always been a role model for me.
2.作为中国核物理学领域的科学家之一,她发现了世界上第一个重裂变反应。
As one of the Chinese scientists in nuclear physics,she discovered the first heavy fission reaction in the world.
3.面对各种困境,她从不抱怨困难。(dilemma,complain)
In the face of various dilemmas,she never complains about the difficulties.
4.相反,她积极地以智慧和勇气回应。(respond)
Instead,she responds actively with wisdom and courage.
5.即使在她退休后,她仍然充满活力,继续她的科学之旅。(retire,energetic)
Even after she retired,she remains energetic and continues her scientific journey.
6.她从不被障碍绊倒,而是总能找到帮助他人的方法。(trip over,assist)
She never trips over obstacles but always finds a way to assist others.
7.她的故事诠释了坚持不懈的精神,并激励我们追随她的脚步。(illustrate)
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance and inspires us to follow in her footsteps.
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用定语从句进行改写升级。
Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue,who has always been a role model for me.
2.将第3句用倒装句式进行改写升级。
In the face of various dilemmas,never does she complain about the difficulties.
3.将第7句用非谓语进行改写升级。
Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance,inspiring us to follow in her footsteps.
[连句成篇]
　　Today I’d like to talk about He Zehui,a person of great moral virtue,who has always been a role model for me.
As one of the Chinese scientists in nuclear physics,she discovered the first heavy fission reaction in the world.In the face of various dilemmas,never does she complain about the difficulties.Instead,she responds actively with wisdom and courage.Even after she retired,she remains energetic and continues her scientific journey.
She never trips over obstacles but always finds a way to assist others.Her story illustrates the spirit of perseverance,inspiring us to follow in her footsteps.
要求:请根据P92的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
Life is always full of unexpected turns.The moment she heard the bad news,her eyes reddened.She was ①so close to tears that(so...that...句式) her throat choked,and she could hardly breathe.Tears,which she had tried to hold back for so long,started to stream down her cheeks like raindrops.Her heart ached with a pain she couldn’t describe.The pain was clear,absorbing her totally.In this moment of sadness,she wailed loudly,②with her sobs echoing(with复合结构) in the empty room.③Never had she felt so alone and lost before(倒装句).However,there’s always a glimmer of hope in the darkness.Suddenly,she stopped crying and wiped the tears,④determined to face the difficulty(形容词作伴随状语).⑤She believed that no matter how hard the road ahead might be,she had the inner strength to overcome it.It is obvious that after this matter,she has become stronger than before.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　n.程序;步骤;手续 2.　　　　 vt.& n.发射;发起;上市 3.　　　　 adj.巨大的;伟大的 n.巨人;巨兽;伟人 4.　　　　 n.跳跃;剧增;剧变 vi.& vt.(　　　　　　 or 　　　　　　) 跳过;跃过 5.　　　　 n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望 6.　　　　 vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志 7.　　　　　　vt.回收利用;再利用 8.　　　　 n.肌肉;实力;影响力 9.　　　　 adv.否则;要不然 10.　　　　 prep.在更远处;超出 11.　　　　 n.设施;设备 12.　　　　 adj.热衷的;渴望的 13.　　　　 n.资源;财力;物力 14.　　　　 adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭 15.　　　　 vt.系;绑;贴
阅 读 词 汇 1.astronaut 　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)　　　　　　　 3.rocket n.　　　　　　　 4.gravity n.　　　　　　　 5.frontier n.　　　　　　　 6.vehicle n.　　　　　　　 7.satellite n.　　　　　　　 8.orbit n.　　　　　　　 vt.& vi.　　　　　　　 9.mankind n.　　　　　　　 10.data n.[pl.]　　　　　　　 11.spacecraft n.　　　　　　　 12.spacewalk n.　　　　　　　 13.jade n.　　　　　　　 14.module n.　　　　　　　 15.float vi.　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　　 16.solar 　　　　　adj.　　　　　　　 17.solar system 　　　　　　　 18.soap n.　　　　　　　 19.towel n.　　　　　　　 20.microwave n.(also microwave oven) 　　　　　　　 21.tissue n.　　　　　　　 22.fatal adj.　　　　　　　 23.shallow adj.　　　　　　　 24.pattern n.　　　　　　　 25.high-end adj.　　　　　　　 26.monitor n.　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　　 27.foam n.　　　　　　　 28.pillow n.　　　　　　　 29.smartphone n.　　　　　　　 30.oxygen n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 adj.精神的;思想的→　　　　 adv.精神上;思想上 2.　　　　 adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→　　　　 n.智力;智慧;才智→　　　　 adv.聪明地;明智地 3.　　　　 vt.查明;确定;决定→　　　　 adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→　　　　 n.决心;毅力 4.　　　　 n.(政府的) 专门机构;服务机构;代理处→　　　　 n.代理人;经纪人 5.　　　　 vt.& vi.传输;发送→　　　　 n.传输;发送;传送;播送→　　　　 n.发射机;发射台;传播者,传输者 6.　　　　 adj.失望的;沮丧的→　　　　 adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的→　　　　 vt.使失望;使破灭→　　　　 n.失望;沮丧 7.　　　　 n.宇宙;天地万物→　　　　 adj.通用的;全体的;全世界的→　　　　 adv.全体地;一致地 8.　　　　 adj.独立的;自立的→　　　　 adv.独立地;自立地→　　　　 n.独立;自主 9.　　　　 n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→　　　　 adj.缺乏的;不足的 10.　　　　 adj.当前的;现在的 n.水流;电流;思潮→ 　　　　 adv.现时;当前→　　　　 n.通货;货币;流行 11.　　　　 adj.足够的;充足的→　　　　 adv.充分地;足够地→　　　　 n.足量;充足→　　　　 adj.不充分的,不够重要的 12.　　　　 n.地球;世界;地球仪→ 　　　　 adj.全球的,世界的→　　　　 adv.全球地 13.　　　　 vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→　　　　 n.争论;争吵;论点→　　　　 adj.爱辩论的;好争论的 14.　　　　 n.(pl.analyses)(对事物的) 分析;分析结果→　　　　 vt.分析 15.　　　　 adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→　　　　 adv.经常;定期地→　　　　 adj.无规律的;不定期的 16.　　　　 adj.有限的→　　　　 n.限制;限度 vt.限制;限定→　　　　 adj.无限的;无界限的 17.　　　　 n.神秘事物;谜→　　　　 adj.神秘的;不可思议的
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　下定决心做某事 2.　　　　　　　 成功做某事 3.　　　　　　　 关注;聚焦于 4.　　　　　　　 继续做,坚持干 5.　　　　　　　 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上 6.　　　　　　　 抱着……的希望 7.　　　　　　　　　　为了;以便 8.　　　　　　　 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 9.　　　　　　　 导致;造成 10.　　　　　　　 所以;结果(是) 11.　　　　　　　 提供生活所需 12.　　　　　　　 最后 13.　　　　　　　 用完;耗尽
重 点 句 型 1.……1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。(动词不定式作后置定语) ...on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。(because引导的表语从句) This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 despite the huge risks.
重 点 句 型 3.世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是更远的星球。(whether...or...) Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.因此,这项事业应该继续下去,以便为人类(面临的)短期问题和长期问题提供更好的和更新的解决方案。(so as to引导目的状语) Therefore,it should continue 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
动词变名词的后缀“-ure/-ture” 集锦:
①proceed→procedure 程序;步骤;手续　　②press→pressure 压力　　　　　③fail→failure 失败
④please→pleasure 愉快 ⑤expose→exposure 暴露;揭露 ⑥sign→signature 签名
⑦mix→mixture 混合 ⑧sculpt→sculpture 雕塑 ⑨create→creature生物
⑩depart→departure 离开;出发
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately,　　　　(分析) suggest that renewables are up to the task. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The hospital school is free of parents,doctors,and medical 　　　　(procedure).It’s a place of learning. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)But last month,one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would 　　　　 (否则) be thrown away. 4.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)A study by the Food Waste Alliance 　　　　 (determine) that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入),and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Physical health and 　　　　(mentally)health are the priority. 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(学习和成长的一种方式). 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Once in a lecture,the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates.I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him 　　　　 simply drop the matter. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 　　　　 the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 9.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive 　　　　 (resource) and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 10.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects,birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity 　　　　(模式).
11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive,it might be 　　　　(因为)even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 12.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts 　　　　 (current) developing it. 13.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Inside the office,they encourage 　　　　 (recycle) and waste reduction by 　　　　 (限制) garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. 14.(2024·全国甲卷)Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses 　　　　　　　　 (在车上) provide rural (乡村的) populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions. 15.(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded 　　　　 winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. 16.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,　　　　　　　　 (造成) a more accurate estimate. 17.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)...the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of 　　　　(dependent) individuals. 18.(2023·浙江1月卷) I’ve learned a few things along the way though,which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to 　　　　　　　　(弄明白) how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. 19.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)　　　　　　　　 (所以),these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
①[情感描写] She was disappointed 　　　　 the canceled trip,her smile fading and fingers brushing the handle of the packed suitcase.
②[情感描写] He was disappointed 　　　　 (hear) that their team lost the competition,sitting quietly on the bench,head down.
③[情感描写] He was a little disappointed 　　　　 himself,staring at the final score,a little sigh slipping out.But,he didn’t lose heart.
④[心理描写] The 　　　　 settled in my chest like a heavy stone when I saw the 　　　　 results.I glanced at my friend—her 　　　　 expression mirrored mine.(disappoint)
⑤令我失望的是,音乐会在最后一刻取消了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,the concert was canceled at the last minute.
2.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望
①[推荐信] Since you have a strong desire 　　　　(learn) Chinese culture,I think this university is an ideal place for you.
②[申请信] My bilingual skills and management experience make me a 　　　　(desire) candidate for this position.
③[建议信]如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流,我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
If 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
3.lack n.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏
①[建议信] You might find English writing hard because of 　　　　 lack of daily practice.Try writing a short paragraph every day.
②[建议信] If you’re lacking 　　　　 patience with difficult math problems,take small steps.Break them down,and you’ll solve them faster.
③[求助信] 由于缺乏足够的训练,我们在即将到来的比赛中很难取胜。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,it is difficult for us to win in the upcoming competition.(介词短语)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,we will have difficulty winning in the upcoming match.(分词短语作状语)
4.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论
①[动作描写] She argued her friend 　　　　 joining the debate club,grabbing her hand and grinning,“Just try one meeting—you’ll love sharing your ideas!”
②[演讲稿] Nowadays,it’s tough to argue 　　　　 the many benefits that the Internet has brought into our lives.
③[倡议信] A strong 　　　　 (argue) for encouraging daily reading is that it not only helps build vocabulary but also sharpens critical thinking.
④[推荐信] 当谈到代表我国丰富的历史和文化遗产时,毋庸置疑,长城是中国的象征之一。
When it comes to representing the rich history and cultural heritage of our country,　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　 the Great Wall is one of the symbols of China.
⑤[动作描写] 他们就赢得比赛的最佳策略激烈地相互争论,每个人都坚持认为自己的方
法更好。
They fiercely 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the best strategy to win the game,each insisting that their approach was superior.
5.carry on 继续做,坚持干
①[动作描写] She wiped the sweat from her forehead and carried on 　　　　 her painting, brush moving steadily across the canvas even as her hand trembled a little.
②[动作描写] The team gathered around the desk,each picking up a tool to carry 　　　　 their plan.
③[主旨升华] It was her friends who carried her 　　　　 the tough times—like steady hands in a storm,their support and encouragement never wavering.
④[心理描写] 尽管下雨了,他们还是继续踢足球,决心不让一点雨水破坏他们的乐趣。
Despite the rain,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,determining not to let a little water spoil their fun.
⑤[场景描写] 新课本散发出的清新墨香让她回想起了开学第一天,同学们轻声交谈,老师在黑板上写下名字。
The smell of fresh ink from new textbooks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 when classmates chatted softly and the teacher wrote names on the blackboard.
6.result in 导致;造成
①Irregular eating habits may result 　　　　 health problems.
②The misunderstanding between the two groups resulted 　　　　 a lack of proper communication.
③He was injured in an accident.As a result,he couldn’t take part in the sports meeting.
→He couldn’t take part in the sports meeting 　　　　　　　　 his injury in an accident.
7.run out 用完;耗尽
①[建议信] By reading every day,your reading ability and vocabulary will improve 　　　　 the long run.
②[环境描写] The sun lit up the forest path as she stepped over a fallen branch.Just then,she ran
　　　　 a small stream,its water whispering over round stones.
③由于耗尽了精力和耐心,简放弃了在小溪边散步。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,Jane gave up her walking along the stream.
④[心理描写] 她决定竞选班长一职,希望能为学校社区带来改变。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,hoping to make a difference to the school community.
run out是不及物动词短语,主语通常是物,不能用于被动语态;run out of相当于use up,表示“用完;耗尽”时,为及物动词短语,通常以人作主语,可用于被动语态。
8.动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] ...on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
……1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
①[建议信] 你最好抓住这次机会来每天练习说英语。
You’d better seize the chance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 every day.
②[建议信] 这是解决问题的最佳方法,能节省大量时间。
This is the best method 　　　　　　　　　　　　,which saves a lot of time.
③[主旨升华]每次我失败时,她总是第一个提醒我优点的人。
Through every failure,she has always been the first person 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　.
Step 2　长难句分析
[教材原句] China became the third country in the world ①to independently send humans into space in 2003,②when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003”。①为　　　　　　　　　　　　,修饰country;②为when引导的　　　　　　　　　　　　,对2003年进行补充说明。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:我校科技社团在2023年成为全市首个赢得全国冠军的社团,当时其成员凭借富有创意的编程击败了32支顶尖队伍。
Our school’s technology club became the first club in the city 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with their innovative programming.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.pattern
A.n.模式　　　B.n.图案　　　 C.n.模范
①Children often learn by copying the behavior patterns of their parents.　　　
②Her dedication to work has set a pattern for all new employees.　　　
③The dress is decorated with a beautiful pattern of flowers and leaves.　　　
2.current
A.adj.当前的;现在的　　　B.n.水流 C.n.电流 D.n.思潮
①The strong current carried the boat downstream.　　　
②A sudden increase in current caused the light to go out.　　　
③The current situation requires us to make a quick decision.　　　
④There is a current of optimism among young people about the future.　　　
3.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)...　　　　　　　
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)By connecting through the Cloud,BMF is remotely monitored.　　　　
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.　　
④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)In artists’ representations of books and reading,we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.　　　　　　　
⑤(2023·浙江1月卷)According to the Solar Energy Industry Association,the number of solar panels installed has grown rapidly in the past decade...　　　　　　　
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Since setting out on the journey,the fitness lover has not only managed to grow an impressive set of 　　　　 (muscle)—but also a huge following on social media.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt 　　　　(argue) and strings them together.
3.(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the 　　　　 (limit) time.
4.　　　　(determine)to succeed,he began to work hard.
5.The scientist’s 　　　　 (intelligent) and hard work led to the important discovery.
6.The 　　　　 (disappoint) look on her face showed she hadn’t expected such a result.
7.The young man strives for 　　　　 (independent) from his parents after graduation.
8.There’s a 　　　　 (mystery) atmosphere in the old house that makes people feel uneasy.
9.He saved every penny so as 　　　　 afford the tuition for his dream university.
10.She was so 　　　　(attach) to her old laptop that she found it difficult to switch to a newer model.
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 演讲稿—科技发展与人类未来—太空探索
　　假设你是李华,你校英文社将要举行主题为“是否有必要进行太空探索”的演讲比赛,请你根据以下要点,写一篇演讲稿参赛。内容如下:1.人们对太空探索的看法各不相同;2.你的观点;3.你的结论。
[场景演练]
1.我很荣幸能站在这里就人类是否有必要进行太空探索发表演讲。(mankind)
2.有些人主张太空探索,而另一些人则反对。(argue)
3.在我看来,我们应该重视它,因为它有很多好处。(attach)
4.首先,卫星收集的数据为我们提供了重要的信息,为几乎每个行业提供了参考。(satellite)
5.而且,太空探索为我们提供了一个机会,让我们更多地了解生命和宇宙,从而拓宽了我们的思维和视野。(universe,动词不定式作后置定语)
6.此外,太空探索取得的巨大飞跃,会激发人们突破极限的渴望,也进而促进科技领域更多突破的产生。(giant,leap,desire)
7.因此,我真诚地希望它能够继续下去,以便更好地为我们服务。(carry on,so as to)
[句式升级]
1.将第4句用现在分词作状语进行改写升级。
2.将第6句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
　　从学校回家的路上,汤姆看到一只美丽的蝴蝶,便开始追赶它。当汤姆追逐蝴蝶时,他的心中充满了冒险的感觉。当觉得自己就要抓住它的时候,他兴奋地上下蹦跳。蝴蝶飞走了,但汤姆仍然跳跃着追赶它。然而,过了一会儿,蝴蝶消失在他的视线中,他开始拖着脚步,漫无目的地闲逛。最后,当他回到家时,他蹑手蹑脚地走着,不想打扰任何人。汤姆不知道,在他进行这场小小的冒险时,他的母亲正在焦急地等待着他。在屋里,他的母亲正来回踱步,担心着他的安全。
On the way home from school,Tom saw a beautiful butterfly and started to ①　　　　　　　　 it.As Tom chased the butterfly,his heart was filled with a sense of adventure.
When he thought he was about to catch it,he ②　　　　　　　　　　　　 in excitement.
The butterfly flew away,but Tom still ③　　　　　　　　 it.
However,after a while,the butterfly was out of his sight,and he started to ④　　　　　　　　　　　　 as he ⑤　　　　　　　　.
Eventually,when he got back to his house,he ⑥　　　　 and didn’t want to disturb anyone.
Tom had no idea that while he was on his little adventure,his mother was anxiously waiting for him.Inside,his mother ⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　,worried about his safety.
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》写 作 词 汇 1.　　　　　　adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意 2.　　　　 n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质 3.　　　　 n.进退两难的境地;困境 4.　　　 道德困境 5.　　　　 vi.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的;微弱的 6.　　　　 adj.珍稀的;宝贵的 7.　　　　 vt.委托;交付 8.　　　　 vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应 9.　　　　 n.反应;回答;回复 10.　　　　 vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用 11.　　　　 adj.遥远的 12.　　　　 n.十年;十年期 13.　　　　 vt.发表(作品);出版 14.　　　　 n.道德原则;法则;原则 15.　　　　 adj.被动的;顺从的 16.　　　　 adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 17.　　　　 n.事故;车祸;失事 18.　　　　　　vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传 19.　　　　 n.子夜;午夜 20.　　　　 n.进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进 21.　　　　 n.出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播 22.　　　　 vt.& vi.(bit,bitten)咬;叮;蜇 n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤 23.　　　　 n.记忆力;回忆 24.　　　　 adj.怀孕的;妊娠的 25.　　　　 vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化装用具 26.　　　　 vt.& vi.(spilt/spilled,spilt/ spilled)(使)洒出;(使)溢出 27.　　　　 n.眼泪;泪水 28.　　　　 n.绝望 vi.绝望;感到无望 29.　　　　 n.力量;威力 30.　　　　 n.收入;收益 31.　　　　 prep.每;每一 32.　　　　 adv.因此;所以 33.　　　　 n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑
阅 读 词 汇 1.tuition　　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 2.fee n.　　　　　　　 3.tuition fees 　　　　　　　 4.union n.　　　　　　　 5.scholarship n.　　　　　　　 6.resident physician 　　　　　　　 7.colleague n.　　　　　　　 8.clinic　　　　　　n.　　　　　　　 9.elsewhere adv.　　　　　　　 10.staff n.　　　　　　　 11.saving n.　　　　　　　 [pl.]　　　　　　　 12.kindergarten n.　　　　　　　 13.insurance n.　　　　　　　
阅 读 词 汇 14.pole　　　　n.　　　　　　　 15.lap n.　　　　　　　 16.lip n.　　　　　　　 17.first aid 　　　　　　　 18.chairman n.　　　　　　　 19.chain n.　　　　　　　 20.café n.　　　　　　　 21.waitress　　　　n.　　　　　　　 22.maple n.　　　　　　　 23.cart n.　　　　　　　 24.limp vi.　　　　　　　 25.fable n.　　　　　　　 26.court n.　　　　　　　
拓 展 词 汇 1.　　　　 vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→　　　　 n.插图;图解;实例 2.　　　　 n.结婚;婚姻→　　　　 vt.嫁;娶;与……结婚→　　　　 adj.已婚的 3.　　　　 n.大部分;大多数→　　　　 adj.主要的 4.　　　　 vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚→　　　　 n.牢骚;抱怨 5.　　　　 n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→　　　　 n.物理→　　　　 adj.物理的;身体上的 6.　　　　 vt.拒绝接受;不录用→　　　　 n.拒绝接受;否决 7.　　　　 vt.任命;委派→　　　　 n.任命;委任 8.　　　　 vt.选举;推选→　　　　 n.选举;推选;当选 9.　　　　 vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→　　　　 n.倾向;趋势 10.　　　　 vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→　　　　 adj.退休的;退职的→　　　　 n.退休;退职;退出 11.　　　　 adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→　　　　 vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓→　　　　 adj.恐怖的;吓人的 12.　　　　 adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→　　　　 n.能量;精力→　　　　 adv.精力充沛地 13.　　　　 vt.接替;取代;更换→　　　　 n.替换(的人);更换(的物) 14.　　　　 n.手术;企业;经营→　　　　 v.做手术;操作;实施→　　　　 n.操作员;经营者 15.　　　　 vt.帮助;援助→　　　　 n.助手→　　　　 n.帮助;援助 16.　　　　 n.& vt.伤害;损害→　　　　 adj.有害的→　　　　 adj.无害的 17.　　　　 adj.灵活的;可变通的→　　　　 adv.灵活地→　　　　 n.灵活性
重 点 词 块 1.　　　　　　　　　　帮助某人渡过难关 2.　　　　　　　 易于做某事;往往会发生某事 3.　　　　　　　 对……负责 4.　　　　　　　 被称为;以……著称 5.　　　　　　　 去世 6.　　　　　　　 作为对……的纪念 7.　　　　　　　　　　　从前,很久以前 8.　　　　　　　 爬起,站起 9.　　　　　　　 被……绊倒 10.　　　　　　　 流着泪;含着泪 11.　　　　　　　 试图/尝试做某事 12.　　　　　　　 处于绝望中 13.　　　　　　　 大量
重 点 句 型 1.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级) To a person 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,... 2.虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。(having done作状语) Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.我宁愿保持单身也要终生学习! (would rather do) 　　　　　　　　　　　　 single to study all my life! 4.过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(独立主格结构) After a while,a group of women came along,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
动词变名词的后缀“-(s)sion” 集锦:
①decide→decision决定　　　　　②conclude→conclusion 结论　　　③expand→expansion扩张
④extend→extension延长;扩展 ⑤admit→admission 承认 ⑥permit→permission许可
⑦submit→submission 提交;屈服 ⑧discuss→discussion讨论 ⑨express→expression表达;表情
⑩impress→impression印象 possess→possession拥有;占有
divide→division 划分;分割
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)In a study 　　　　 (publish) Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes— then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)My daily posts and the visits I received became a 　　　　(珍贵的) ray of light in the chaos of my house. 3.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Moving goods and people around the world 　　　　　　　　　(对……负责)a large part of global CO2 emissions(排放). 4.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had 　　　　　　　　(去世)a few months earlier. 5.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)A couple of messages came in,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(一条要求补充照片,另一条则要求降价). 6.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)“If you’re 　　　　 (scare) about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. 7.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Things like kale ribs,fish collars,　　　　 (reject) sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine. 8.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Ludlow 　　　　　　　　　　　　(被称为……)the Foodie Centre of England. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷)Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers,students and 　　　　 (教职工)with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries,as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. 10.(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept is certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for 　　　　 (decade)— but for female shoppers,it is just taking off.
11.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are 　　　　 (respond) to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable 12.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which 　　　　 (illustrate) what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. 13.(2023·全国甲卷)Different from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a 　　　　(道德). 14.(2023·全国甲卷)This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with 　　　　 (同事) who appreciate fine food. 15.(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired in 1859,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(她在整个从医生涯中一直以男性的身份生活和工作). 16.(2023·北京卷)And on slow-burning problems like climate change,it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a 　　　　 (majority) difference tomorrow. 17.(2023·北京卷)This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value.Alan Smith,a complexity scientist,is tired of such 　　　　 (complain). 18.(2023·北京卷)...I turned up at the 　　　　 (appoint) hour for a dinner,only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 19.(2023·北京卷)The field of artificial life—called ALife for short—is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental 　　　　 (principle). 20.(2021·新课标Ⅱ卷)But if you have to read 　　　　　　　　(大量)for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.
Step 1　单元知识解构
1.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
①[动作描写] 收到客户的投诉邮件后,她立刻坐下回复,手指在键盘上快速敲击,眼神中透出专注和认真。
Upon receiving the customer’s complaint email,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,her fingers tapping the keyboard rapidly,with a focused and serious look in her eyes.
②[情感描写] 看到流浪动物无助的模样,她心中满是心疼,第一反应是联系救助机构。
When she saw the helpless look of the stray animal,her heart was filled with pity, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[情感描写] 收到远方挚友写满牵挂的信件,她连夜写下满是思念的回信,作为对这份珍贵情谊的温柔回应。
Upon getting a letter full of care from her dear friend far away,she wrote a reply brimming with longing overnight,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④他对我的邀请不予回应,这让我很尴尬。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,which made me very awkward.
以上短语中的to均为介词词性。
2.elect vt.选举;推选;选择
①He was elected 　　　　 (take) part in the debate.
②[动作描写] 在学生会竞选现场,她深吸一口气,稳步走上讲台,开始介绍自己。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she took a deep breath,stepped onto the platform steadily,and began to introduce herself.
③[情感描写] 得知自己在班长竞选中高票当选,他眼中泛起泪光,这不仅是一份荣誉,更是同学们对他信任的回应。
When he learned that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　
　　　　　　,tears welled up in his eyes.This was not only an honor,but also a response to the trust from the classmates.
④[申请信] 我的英语成绩优异,因此老师选我担任课代表。
I am so skilled at English that my English teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
elect作“选举”讲时,在“elect sb+职务”句式中,总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不加任何冠词。
3.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
①People tend 　　　　(feel) more relaxed in natural surroundings.
②[心理描写] 她每日这般悉心照料,盼患者快些康复。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,hoping for a quick recovery.
③[情感描写] 面对压力时,她有个藏在心底的倾向,就是躲进旧书店。当她的指尖摩挲过泛黄的书页时,那些温暖的文字似乎能驱散她的焦虑。
When facing pressure,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.As her fingertips caressed the yellowed pages,those warm words seemed to dispel her anxiety.
④[新闻报道] 当下,年轻人消费有个明显趋势,他们更愿意为体验和情绪价值买单。
Currently,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　:they are more willing to pay for experience and emotional value.
“照料;护理”的表达还有look after,take care of,keep an eye on,attend to等。
4.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
①The sudden loud noise scared the little cat 　　　　.
②[情感描写] 看完那部恐怖电影后,她整个人处于极度害怕的状态,哪怕看到自己影子在墙上晃动,她都吓得要死。
After 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she was in a state of 　　　　　　　　　　.Even when she saw her own shadow shaking on the wall,she 　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[演讲稿] 今天,在我们毕业之际,让我们向自己承诺:永远不要害怕追逐梦想,即使前路充满未知。
As we graduate today,let’s promise ourselves 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,even when faced with uncertainties.
表示“害怕”的其他表达:frightened,terrified,in terror等。
5.assist vt.帮助;援助
①The volunteer offered to assist the elderly 　　　　 their shopping.
②实验室里,研究员正专注于调试仪器,实习生默默协助记录数据。
In the lab,the researcher was focused on adjusting the equipment.The intern 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③[情感描写] 独居老人突然病倒,邻居第一时间赶来帮忙。这份及时的援助像冬日暖阳,驱散了老人心中的无助。
When the elderly person living alone suddenly fell ill,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　.　　　　　　　　　　　　,like the warm winter sun,dispelled the helplessness in the old man’s heart.
④[求助信] 我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I’m wondering 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 for the class meeting.
6.独立主格结构
[教材原句] After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
①[通知] 一年一度的学校慈善义卖将于本周六上午 9 点在操场启动,李老师负责组织此次活动。
The annual school charity sale will start at 9 a.m.this Saturday in the playground,　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　.
②[环境描写] 暴风雨过后,一道彩虹横跨天空,色彩在湿润的空气中闪耀。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,a rainbow arched across the sky,　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　.
③[动作描写] 他冲进房间,脸颊通红,握着获奖证书的手颤抖着。
He rushed into the room,face flushed,　　　　　　　　　　　　 as he held the winning certificate.
独立主格结构是英语中一种特殊的语法结构,由“名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式”构成,在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等逻辑关系。它不是一个完整的句子,而是依附于主句的附加成分。其基本结构如下:
①名词/代词 + 分词(现在分词/过去分词)
现在分词(doing) → 表示主动或进行:Weather permitting,we’ll go hiking.(天气允许的话,我们将去徒步旅行。)
过去分词(done) → 表示被动或完成:The work finished,they went home.(工作完成后,他们回
家了。)
②名词/代词 + 形容词/副词
He stood there,his face pale.(他站在那里,脸色苍白。)
The meeting over,everyone left.(会议结束后,所有人都离开了。)
③名词/代词 + 介词短语:He came in,a book in his hand.(他进来了,手里拿着一本书。)
④名词/代词 + 不定式(to do):The teacher assigned homework,the students to finish it by Friday.(老师布置了家庭作业,学生们必须在周五之前完成。)
Step 2　长难句分析
1.[教材原句] To a person ①nothing is more precious than their life,and ②if they entrust me with that life,③how could I refuse that trust,④saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired
尝试分析:这是一个并列复合句,由并列连词and连接两个分句。第一个分句是“To a person nothing is more precious than their life”,这是一个　　　　,To a person是介词短语作状语,修饰整个句子,①是　　　　结构。第二个分句是“if they entrust me with that life,how could I refuse that trust,saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired”,这是一个　　　　,②是if引导的　　　　　　　　,entrust sb with sth是固定搭配,意为 “把某事托付给某人”,③是　　　　部分,④是现在分词短语作　　　　,“I’m cold,hungry,or tired”是saying的　　　　。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:对一名学生而言,没有什么比他们的未来更重要的了,如果他们仰赖我的指导,我怎能疏于职责,声称自己太忙或太累呢
To a student 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and if they rely on my guidance,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.[教材原句] ①Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,②she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,③having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句,①是Though引导的　　　　　　　　,②是　　　　,③是现在分词短语作　　　　,“having + 过去分词” 构成现在分词的　　　　,强调该动作(deliver)发生在主句动作(was known as )之前。
自主翻译:
情境仿写:尽管这名运动员重伤在身,他却以“民族英雄”之名受誉,曾三夺奥运金牌。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was celebrated as a“national hero”,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Step 1　一词多义&熟词生义
1.tend
A.vt.照料,看管 　B.vi.倾向于,趋于 C.vt.维护(设备)
①She tends her garden every morning to keep the plants healthy.　　　
②People tend to make mistakes when they are under pressure.　　　
③Engineers regularly tend the machinery to ensure smooth operation.　　　
2.写出下列句中黑体词的含义
①(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.　　　　　
②(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)In my ninth-grade writing class last year,I met a cowboy who saved his town,a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s,and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak
after her parents rejected the love of her young life.　　　　　　　
③(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.　　　　　
④(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter.I forced a smile,unsure how to respond further.　　　　　　　
⑤(2025·浙江1月卷)Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools,it’s based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does.　　　　　　　
⑥(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill,or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.　　　　　　　
Step 2　单句语法填空
1.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Describing her alarm at its proposed 　　　　(replace) with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”
2.(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how 　　　　 (harm) microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
3.(2025·新课标Ⅱ卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some 　　　　 (majority) positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.
4.(2025·浙江1月卷)However,obtaining items that are rare,recently 　　　　 (publish) or in high demand may take longer.
5.(2025·浙江1月卷)In her study,Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male,female, and genderless versions of a digital voice 　　　　 (assist) and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”
6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Shortly after Mr Rochester bought the hotel,he made an 　　　　 (appoint) to see the hotel manager.
7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷 )The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a 　　　　 (tend) to multitask while consuming digital content.
8.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially 　　　　 (scare) of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
9.(2023·浙江1月卷)Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of 　　　　 (decade),which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy.
10.(2023·北京卷)But when mum got home from work,I was still 　　　　 (complain),“Five pages! That’s impossible!”
Step 3　微写作
[情境导入] 征文—对社会有突出贡献的人物—科学家何泽慧
请你以“我最敬佩的科学家——何泽慧”为主题,写一篇征文,向你校英文报投稿。
[场景演练]
1.今天我想谈谈何泽慧,一个具有高尚道德品质的人。她一直是我的榜样。(moral,virtue)
2.作为中国核物理学领域的科学家之一,她发现了世界上第一个重裂变反应。
3.面对各种困境,她从不抱怨困难。(dilemma,complain)
4.相反,她积极地以智慧和勇气回应。(respond)
5.即使在她退休后,她仍然充满活力,继续她的科学之旅。(retire,energetic)
6.她从不被障碍绊倒,而是总能找到帮助他人的方法。(trip over,assist)
7.她的故事诠释了坚持不懈的精神,并激励我们追随她的脚步。(illustrate)
[句式升级]
1.将第1句用定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第3句用倒装句式进行改写升级。
3.将第7句用非谓语进行改写升级。
[连句成篇]
要求:请根据P121的线训练,再结合括号中的提示完成句式升级,并续写后续内容,使故事情节更加完整。
Life is always full of unexpected turns.The moment she heard the bad news,her eyes reddened.She was ①　　　　　　　　　　　　(so...that...句式) her throat choked,and she could hardly breathe.Tears,which she had tried to hold back for so long,started to stream down her cheeks like raindrops.Her heart ached with a pain she couldn’t describe.The pain was clear, absorbing her totally.In this moment of sadness,she wailed loudly,②　　　　　　　　　　　(with复合结构) in the empty room.③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(倒装句).However,there’s always a glimmer of hope in the darkness.Suddenly,she stopped crying and wiped the tears,④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(形容词作伴随状语).⑤　
请完成本单元《能力提升 题组训练》

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