资源简介

(共160张PPT)
必修第一册　
Unit 2　Let's talk teens
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
In recent reports, the relationship between 1.teenagers (n.青少年)and their parents has shown a positive trend, while in the past, many families would often 2.argue (v.争吵)over misunderstandings. The current 3.rate (n.比率，比例)of such conflicts and 4.tension (n.紧张关系)has decreased. 5.Experts (n.专家)believe that 6.regular (adj.定期的)communication plays a crucial role in this improvement.
teenagers
argue
rate
tension
Experts
regular
Many 7.adults (n.成年人)now make it a point to 8.view (v.看待)their children's 9.struggles (n.奋斗)with a more understanding lens. They recognize the 10.mental (adj.精神的)pressures that teenagers face, especially in this digital age where they are always in the spotlight. Parents are now more 11.likely (adj.很可能的)to offer support and 12.concern (n.关心)rather than criticism, understanding that the teenage years can be 13.rough (adj.艰难的)and 14.anxious (adj.令人焦虑的)．
adults
view
struggles
mental
likely
concern
rough
anxious
Teenagers, on the other hand, are learning to 15.shoot for (phr. 为……努力)their goals without letting minor setbacks and 16.stress (n.压力)break their spirit. They 17.gather (v.聚集，增加)strength from their peers and family, and many have started to take a more active role in household responsibilities, whether it's helping with the 18.rent (n.租金)or handling an 19.emergency (n.突发事件，紧急情况). This proactive approach contrasts with the previously 20.passive (adj.消极的)attitude many had.
shoot for
stress
gather
rent
emergency
passive
In conclusion, the 21.scene (n.景象)in many households is changing for the better. Both parents and teenagers are working together, 22.targeting (v.以……为目标)a harmonious relationship. This 23.unique (adj. 独特的)bond is essential for the well-being of both parties, ensuring a 24.calm (adj.平静的)and 25.secure (adj.稳定的)environment at home.

scene
targeting
unique
calm
secure
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·全国二卷)Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety (anxious)．
②We are really concerned and anxious to learn (learn)about your updates.
③With a test paper in hand，she went to the teacher's office anxiously/with anxiety (不安地)．
A
重难考点
anxiety
to learn
anxiously/with anxiety
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④She was anxious about her son's safety, so she called him again.
→Anxious about her son's safety, she called him again.(形容词作状语)
Anxious about her son's safety,
知识归纳
[名师指津]　“渴望做某事/某物”的表达还有：long to do sth./for sth.、desire to do sth./for sth.、be eager to do sth./for sth.、be dying to do sth./for sth.等。
(1)be anxious about sth.担心或担忧某事
be anxious to do sth./for sth.渴望做某事/某物
(2)anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地，不安地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地
2 desire n. & vt. 渴望，希望
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He has a desire that his books should reach as many as possible.
②(2025·全国一卷)I have a strong desire to choose (choose)“Fun at my school” as it will better signal our campus spirit.
③(2024·北京卷)By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
④I desire that he (should)call (call)on me on Monday morning.
that
to choose
for
(should) call
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤(2023·浙江1月卷)我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以消除我们沉重的压力，还可以开阔我们的视野。
→We desire our school to organise more activities like this，which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.
→We desire that our school (should)organise more activities like this, which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.
desire our school to organise more activities like this
desire that our school (should)organise more activities like this,
知识归纳
(1)have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
have a desire that…(should)do sth.(同位语从句)渴望……做某事
satisfy one's desire 满足某人的愿望
(2)desire (sb.)to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事
desire that…(should)do sth. (宾语从句)希望……做某事
(3)desirable adj. 理想的；值得拥有的
[名师指津]　desire 意为“希望”，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。此外，desire 作名词，其后接主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时也要使用虚拟语气。
3 struggle vi.& n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①At present, China has to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
②Nowadays, the youth including many graduates have been struggling for a better future.
③(2025·全国一卷)I felt guilty watching my brother and his companion Toby struggle to leave (leave)in such an awkward situation.

against/with
for
to leave
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position as a teller.
→Having struggled for months to find a job, Mary finally took a position as a teller.(现在分词短语作状语)
Having struggled for months to find a job,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David struggled to his feet and continued his running, showing no sign of giving up.(读后续写之动作描写)
戴维挣扎着站起来，继续跑，没有表现出任何放弃的迹象。
(1)struggle to do… 努力做……
(2)struggle with…for…
为争取……而与……做斗争
struggle against/with…
同……做斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
4 concern n. 担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The United Nations shows great concern for the disaster, at whose request international aid organizations are rushing to the stricken district.
②Don't be concerned with your current size; be concerned with the direction that you're traveling in.
③(2025·全国二卷)As far as our school newspaper is concerned (concern)，we are quite concerned about receiving your article on time.
④He asked several questions concerning (concern)the future of the company.
for
with
concerned
about
concerning
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤The teacher was concerned about the student, so he called his parent to find out why he was absent from class.
→Concerned about the student, the teacher called his parent to find out why he was absent from class. (形容词作状语)

Concerned about the student,
知识归纳
(1)show concern for 对……表示关心/担心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的；关切的
be concerned about/for sth.担心某事
be concerned with 关心；参与；与……有关
so/as far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于
[名师指津]　concerned意为“关心的”时充当前置定语；如果表示“有关的”，作定语要后置。如：a concerned father一位担心的父亲；all the people concerned所有相关人员。
5 stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/语段填词
①The vehicles passing over put stress on the material of the bridge.
②It is a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress)society.
③Jerry has been under stress for one month. He has so much work to do that he feels pretty stressed (stress). Nobody else lives in such a stressful (stress)environment as him.
on
stressful
under
stressed
stressful
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④在班会上，我们的老师强调了用自己的双手劳动的重要性。
At the class meeting, our teacher stressed the importance of working with our own hands.(应用文写作之报道)
stressed the importance of
知识归纳
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调/重视某物
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑不安的(常修饰人)
[写作佳句]　(2023·全国甲卷)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观。
6 design vt. 设计；制订 n. 设计；设计艺术
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(外研版选必三U4)The building was designed to show (show)the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.
②We are told that the activity is designed for the people who want to experience adventures.
③Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or by design
④She's the fashion designer (design)of the moment.
to show
for
by
designer
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤The bridge is designed by the famous architect.The bridge is under construction now.
→The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction now. (分词短语作后置定语)
designed by the famous architect
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)The column “Fun at my school” is designed to create a sense of community and belonging among students.
“我的学校乐趣”栏目旨在为学生创造一种社区感和归属感。
(1)be designed to do…目的是做……
be designed for… 为……设计
(2)by design 故意地
(3)designer n. 设计者
7 likely adj. 可能的，预料的，有希望的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Jogging is less likely to cause (cause)knee injuries.
②It is very likely that he will not agree with our plan.
③Seeing that he's been off sick all week he's unlikely (like)to come.
to cause
It
unlikely
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④(2025·全国一卷)这个新栏目很可能会吸引更多学生参与并鼓励创意写作。
→This new column is likely to attract more student participation and encourage creative writing.
→It is likely that this new column will attract more student participation and encourage creative writing.
is likely to attract more student participation
is likely that this new column will attract more student
participation
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2024·北京卷)The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources.
狐狸的优势在于它们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息。
(1)sb./sth. be likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事
It is likely that… 可能……
(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的
8 account n. 账户；描述；解释 vt. 认为是，视为
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①He made great progress in spoken English on account of (由于)his regular practice.
②The policeman gave an account of (描述)the traffic accident.
③These products, in total, account for (占比)about 80% of all our sales.
on account of
gave an account of
account for
[能力提升]—— 微写作/句式升级
④我写信的目的是向您详细讲述我在一次志愿者项目中的难忘经历。
I'm writing to give you a full account of my unforgettable experience in a volunteer programme.
⑤We will give our mother a big surprise.You can not tell her about our plan in advance.
→We will give our mother a big surprise. On no account can you tell her about our plan in advance．(倒装句)
give you a full account of
On no account can you tell
her about our plan in advance
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2025·浙江1月卷)When filming short videos on campus, students should take account of others' right to privacy.
在校园拍摄短视频时，学生应该考虑到他人的隐私权。
(1)on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
take…into account/consideration 考虑到……，把……考虑进去
take account of 考虑到……
give an account of 描述；说明
(2)account for 说明；做出解释；占……(比例)
9 press vt.& vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Eager for that toy, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
②(2025·全国二卷)International students often feel under pressure when repeatedly asked to pronounce their names for English speakers.
③I know studying is very important, but my parents put too much pressure on me.
against
under
on
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④他把书按在胸前，感受着它的重量。
He pressed the book against his chest, feeling the weight of it.(读后续写之动作描写)
⑤老师敦促学生更深入地思考这个问题。
The teacher pressed the student to think more deeply about the question.
He pressed the book against his chest,
pressed the student to think
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　No matter how much pressure you are under, you should never give up halfway.(应用文写作之建议信)
你无论面临多大压力，都不要半途而废。
(1)press…against…把……压/挤/贴在……
press sb. to do sth.极力劝说/敦促某人做某事
(2)pressure n. 压力
put pressure on… 给……施压
under pressure 面临压力；承受压力
10 cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I think he misses her terribly.You might cheer him up．
②Most people would like to cheer on their favorite players.
③Success is yours for the taking! Cheers (cheer)!
[能力提升]—— 词汇升级
④When I'm feeling depressed, my friend always tells me funny stories to make me happy.
→When I'm feeling depressed, my friend always tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
up
on
Cheers
cheer me up
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument.(读后续写之心理描写)
萨拉假装很开心，对那次争论只字未提。
(1)cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来
cheer…on 为……加油
Cheers! 干杯！
(2)cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的
11 turn out结果是；关掉；熄灭；到场，在场；使朝外；生产；弄空，掏净(尤指口袋)
[基础检测]—— 猜测加黑词的含义
①The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected.结果是
②Thousands of people turned out to welcome the team home.到场
③Please turn out the lights when you leave.关掉
④He turned out all his pockets looking for the ticket.
弄空，掏净(尤指口袋)
结果是
到场
关掉
弄空，掏净(尤指口袋)
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤The experiment turned out to be successful beyond expectation.
→It turned out that the experiment was successful beyond expectation.(用主语从句改写)
→As it turned out, the experiment was successful beyond expectation.(用定语从句改写)
It turned out that
As it turned out,
知识归纳
(1)as it turned out 结果证明
It turned out that… 事实证明；结果
(2)turn away 把……拒之门外
turn against 背叛，反对
turn on/off 打开/关掉
turn up 出现；调大(音量)
turn down 拒绝；调小(音量)
turn to 转向，求助
turn around 转身
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face.(读后续写之动作、表情描写)
甘特把出租车停在公共汽车后面，转过身来，满脸笑容地看着我。
12 句型公式：现在分词短语作状语
(教材原句)You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现你自己的发育速度和朋友们不同：要么个头猛蹿，要么远远落在其他人后面。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Walking (walk)along the street, I met a good friend of mine.
②Not having studied (study)hard, Tom failed the exam.
③By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making (make)it one of the most popular school books ever.
Walking
having studied
making
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④A number of new machines were introduced from abroad and it resulted in an increase in production.
→A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulting in an increase in production. (现在分词作状语)
resulting
in an increase in production
知识归纳
现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况，相当于一个相应的状语从句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
(1)如果分词的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或分词动作紧接着谓语动词动作发生，要用doing形式。
(2)如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，要用having done形式。
[写作佳句]　He was small for ten years old, standing by himself off to the side by a fence. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. (读后续写之人物描写)
他瘦小得不像十岁，独自站在篱笆旁远处。他往日灿烂的笑容今天不见了。我走过去询问他为什么不和其他孩子在一起。
13 句型公式：疑问词＋不定式
(教材原句)Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control．
通过这种良性讨论，你会学会何时做出让步，何时可以要求父母放松对你的掌控。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①When meeting with an emergency，he doesn't know what to do (do)to keep calm.
②I really don't know whether to make (make)a response to her invitation or not.
to do
to make
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③如果您能给我们一些关于如何应对这种情况的建议，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to cope with the situation．(应用文写作之求助信)
how to cope
with the situation
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　It is urgent that students should know what to do to be a high-efficiency learner.(应用文写作之求助信)
学生们迫切需要知道做些什么才能成为一个高效的学习者。
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
(1)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
(2)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。
[查漏补缺]
1．The car is running at a rate of eighty kilometers an hour.
2．(2025·北京卷)Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle.
3．He is eager for his parents to send him a new bicycle.
4．(2025·全国一卷)I believe “Fun at my school” would help readers figure out what makes our school community special.
B
拾遗考点
at
as
for
out
5．As far as I'm concerned (concern)，as long as you stick to working hard，you will achieve your goal sooner or later.
6．Mother would count out to her a bundle of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks.
7．Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just hypothetical (假设的)and needs proving.
8．As we all know，cooperation performs an important role in team sports.
9．60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification and claim that they will do this in their daily life.
concerned
out
Whoever
in
for
10．Even though I didn't see eye to eye with them on everything, I would try to keep calm and avoid quarrelling with them.
with
知识点拨
1．argue for 据理支持
2．as far as I'm concerned 就我而言
3．at a rate of 以……的速度
4．perform an important role in 在……中起重要作用
5．see eye to eye with sb. on sth.(在某事上)与某人看法一致
6．view…as 把……看作
7．count out 逐一数出
8．be eager for 渴望……
9．figure out 理解；计算出
10．“疑问词＋ever”引导让步状语从句
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place, it was stressful (stress)getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning (concern)their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
3．Yesterday I secured a job as a security (secure)guard and I must try my best to keep students secure on campus.
4．My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive home as usual and we even can feel her anxiety (anxious)．
stressful
concerning
security
anxiety
5．The argument between the two sides led to a tense atmosphere.In an attempt to ease the tension (tense)，I suggested stopping arguing.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed (perform)surgery.
8．(2025·全国一卷)I knew I had to make things right—so I turned to my wife for advice.
9．In view of your poor grades, we think you should study harder.
10．Nowadays people are more and more concerned about their health.
tension
a
performed
to
In
about
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．spot
(1)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)When it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner.　B
(2)It is worrying that the baby's whole body is covered in small red spots．C
(3)She was wearing a black skirt with white spots to attend the ball.A
(4)(2025·全国一卷)Through the window, he spotted his brother sitting alone in the garden, looking utterly lonely. D
A.n. 斑点　B．n. 地点，场所　C．n. 粉刺；丘疹　D．v. 发现；认出
B
C
A
D
2．shoot
(1)Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.C
(2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.A
(3)(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.D
(4)The American soldiers set up a machine gun and began to shoot the villagers.B
A.v. (使朝某方向)冲，奔　B．v. 射杀　C．v. 射门，投篮　D．v. 摄影，拍摄
C
A
D
B
3．stress
(1)The teacher always stresses the importance of doing homework on time.C
(2)Large crowds and loud noises really stress my younger sister out. E
(3)In English pronunciation, we usually stress the first syllable of “photograph”．D
A.n.紧张，精神压力　B．n.物理压力　C．v.强调D.v.重读　E．v.使非常紧张
C
E
D
(4)(2025·全国二卷)Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone(激素)in our body.A
(5)The bridge collapsed because it couldn't handle the stress from heavy trucks.B
A.n.紧张，精神压力　B．n.物理压力　C．v.强调D.v.重读　E．v.使非常紧张
A
B
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)This article gives an account of the three records based on the Dunhuang documents.n. 记述，描述
点拨：account(熟义)n. 账户；解释 vt. 认为是，视为。此处用作名词，意为“记述，描述”。
(2)He denied that he had given away the news to the press．新闻界
点拨：press(熟义)vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊。the press意为“新闻界”。

n. 记述，描述
新闻界
(3)Looking at the flat tire，he was annoyed and didn't know what to do next.adj. 瘪了的；撒了气的
点拨：flat(熟义)n. 公寓 adj. 平坦的。此处用作形容词，意为“瘪了的；撒了气的”。
(4)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.n.场景，场面
点拨：scene(熟义)n．景象，风光。此处意为“场景，场面”。
adj. 瘪了的；撒了气的
n.场景，场面
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是学生会主席李华，你收到国际交换生Jack的求助信，他说了一些青春期的烦恼，请你根据他的问题，写一封回信。
Step 1 要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我收到了你的信，想在这个充满挑战的青年阶段提供一些指导。
I received your letter and want to offer some guidance during this challenging youth phase.
received your letter
want to offer some guidance
②面对一些困难和担心皮肤上的粉刺是很自然的。
It's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin．
③重要的是要记住，每个成年人，无论他们现在看起来多么自信，都经历过这个阶段。
It's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase．
④这些问题有时可能会成为你担心的目标。
These issues might sometimes become a target of your worries．
face struggles
be concerned about spots on the
remember that every adult, no matter how confident
has been through this phase
sometimes become a target of your worries
skin
⑤把它们看作成长的一部分是很重要的。
It's essential to view them as a part of growing up．
⑥拥抱每一次冒险，保持强烈的学习欲望，即使事情变得艰难，也会对你有好处。
Embracing every adventure and maintaining a strong desire to learn, even when things get tough, will serve you well．
⑦考虑到每个人的旅程都是独一无二的，在需要的时候寻求专业的建议是有益的。
Given that everyone's journey is unique, seeking expert advice when needed can be beneficial.
view them as a part of growing up
Embracing every adventure
maintaining a strong desire to learn,
will serve you well
everyone's journey is unique, seeking expert advice when
needed
Step 2句式升级
⑧将句②和句③用while连接起来
While it's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin, it's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase.
⑨将句④和句⑤用although连接起来
Although these issues might sometimes become a target of your worries, it's essential to view them as a part of growing up.
While it's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin, it's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase.
Although these issues might sometimes become a target of your worries, it's essential to view them as a part of growing up.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
I received your letter and want to offer some guidance during this challenging youth phase.
While it's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin, it's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase. Although these issues might sometimes become a target of your worries, it's essential to view them as a part of growing up. Embracing every adventure and maintaining a strong desire to learn, even when things get tough, will serve you well. Given that everyone's journey is unique, seeking expert advice when needed can be beneficial.
Dear Jack，
I received your letter and want to offer some guidance during this challenging youth phase.
While it's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin, it's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase. Although these issues might sometimes become a target of your worries, it's essential to view them as a part of growing up. Embracing every adventure and maintaining a strong desire to learn, even when things get tough, will serve you well. Given that everyone's journey is unique, seeking expert advice when needed can be beneficial.
Stay strong and always believe in yourself!
Yours，
Li Hua

Stay strong and always believe in yourself!
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：难过与沮丧
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.sad adj. 难过的
2．upset adj. 沮丧的
3．depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的
4．disappointed adj. 失望的
5．discouraged adj. 气馁的
6．heartbroken adj. 心碎的
7．sadness n. 悲伤
8．depression n. 抑郁，沮丧
词块 1.feel down 感到情绪低落
2．with a heavy heart 心情沉重
3．be in low spirits 情绪低落
4．burst into tears 突然哭起来
5．with tears streaming down one's face 泪流满面
6．one's heart sinks 心情沉重
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．她的拒绝让他感到十分沮丧。(upset)
Her refusal made him feel quite upset．
2．看到令人失望的成绩单时，她的心一下子沉了下去。(sink)
Her heart sank immediately when she saw the disappointing report card.
3．坏消息让他整天情绪低落。(down)
The bad news made him feel down throughout the entire day.

made him feel quite upset
Her heart sank
made him feel down
4．在那场令人失望的讨论结束后，他心情沉重地离开了会议室。(heart)
He left the meeting room with a heavy heart after the disappointing discussion.
5．在经历了痛苦的失败后，她突然哭了起来。(burst)
She burst into tears suddenly after experiencing the painful failure.
with a heavy heart
burst into tears
任务2　语段表达
After receiving the rejection letter, Mary 1.felt deeply depressed (感到非常沮丧)and heartbroken. 2.A deep sense of sadness (一种深深的悲伤)overwhelmed her as she realized her dream was shattered. She sat alone in her room, 3.in low spirits (情绪低落)， staring blankly at the wall. Soon, she was very sad 4.with tears streaming down her face (泪流满面；with复合结构)， unable to stop crying. 5.The overwhelming feeling of depression (巨大的抑郁感)made it difficult for her to see any hope for the future.
felt deeply depressed
A deep sense of sadness
in low spirits
with tears streaming down her face
The overwhelming feeling of depression
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．battle n. & vt. & vi. 争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争
2．teenager n. 青少年
3．shoot vt. & vi. (shot, shot)(使朝某方向)冲，奔；射击；射杀；摄影
4．target n. (攻击的)目标，对象；靶子 vt. 把……作为攻击目标；面向
5．mental adj. 思想的，精神的，智力的

A
默写达标
battle
teenager
shoot
target
mental
6．adult n. 成年人
7．desire n. & vt. 渴望，希望
8．struggle vi. & n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗
9．calm vt. 使平静，使镇静 adj. 镇静的，沉着的
10．view n. 看法；视线；景色 vt. 把……视为；观看
11．expert n. 专家，行家 adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的
12．unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的
13．passive adj. 消极的，被动的
14．account n. 账户；描述；解释 vt. 认为是，视为
15．gather vi. 聚集，集合 vt. 收拢；搜集，收集；聚集
adult
desire
struggle
calm
view
expert
unique
passive
account
gather
16．emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况
17．figure n. 数字；人物；体形，身材
18．scene n. (戏剧等)场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光
emergency
figure
scene
二、拓展单词通变化
1．argument n. 争吵，争论；论点→argue vi. 争吵，争辩，争论 vt. 说理，论证
2．tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→tense adj. 紧张的
3．anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv. 焦急地→anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
4．concern n. 担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧→concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→concerning prep. 关于；涉及
5．normal adj. 正常的，一般的 n. 常态，通常标准→normally adv. 通常；正常地→abnormal adj. 不正常的，异常的；畸形的
argument
argue
tension
tense
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
concern
concerned
concerning
normal
normally
abnormal
6．stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重→stressed adj. 焦虑不安的→stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的
7．performance n. 表现；表演；执行，履行→perform vt. 表演；表现→performer n. 表演者；演员
8．press vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界→pressure n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促
9．eager adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的→eagerly adv. 渴望地→eagerness n. 渴望
10．adventure n. 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇→adventurous adj. 爱冒险的
stress
stressed
stressful
performance
perform
performer
press
pressure
eager
eagerly
eagerness
adventure
adventurous
11．flexible adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的→flexibility n. 灵活性→flexibly adv. 灵活地
12．secure adj. 安心的；可靠的；牢固的→security n. 安全
13．volunteer vi. & vt. 主动建议(或告诉)；自愿做，义务做 n. 志愿者→voluntary adj. 志愿的→voluntarily adv. 自愿地
14．operation n. 手术；运转，操作→operate v. 经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术
15．response n. 回复；反应，响应→respond v. 回答；响应

flexible
flexibility
flexibly
secure
security
volunteer
voluntary
voluntarily
operation
operate
response
respond
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．nest n. 鸟窝；巢穴，窝
2．roof n. 屋顶，顶部
3．youth n. 青年时期；青春 (the youth)年轻人
4．kangaroo n. 袋鼠
5．grocery n. 食品杂货；食品杂货店
6．downtown adv. 在市中心，往市中心
7．teller n. 出纳员；叙述者

鸟窝；巢穴，窝
屋顶，顶部
青年时期；青春
年轻人
袋鼠
食品杂货；食品杂货店
在市中心，往市中心
出纳员；叙述者
四、重点短语明搭配
1．see eye to eye with sb. (on sth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致
2．shoot up 快速长高，蹿个儿
3．calm down 平静，镇静，安静
4．from one's point of view 从某人的角度、观点出发
5．think sth. through 充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透
6．cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来
7．draw sth. out of sth. 提取，支取
8．turn out 结果是；关掉；制造
9．look through 浏览，翻阅
10．graduate from… 从……毕业
11．depend on/upon 依靠
see eye to eye with sb. (on sth.)
shoot up
calm down
from one's point of view
think sth. through
cheer up
draw sth. out of sth.
turn out
look through
graduate from…
depend on/upon
五、教材佳句会运用
1．你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己的发育速度和朋友们不同：要么个头猛蹿，要么远远落在其他人后面。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind．
2．另一方面，当你努力控制自己的情感时，你希望他们能更加体贴，更有耐心……(wish从句中的虚拟语气)
On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient...

shooting up in height or getting left far behind
wish
could be
3．通过这种良性讨论，你会学会何时做出让步，何时可以要求父母放松对你的掌控。(“疑问词＋不定式”在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等)
Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control．
4．总是将你和其他人做比较是没有意义的。(There's no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的)
There's no point in comparing you with others all the time.
when to back
down and when to ask your parents to relax their control
There's no point in comparing
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．During the war time, many editors (编辑)of the magazine were sent to the front to do the interview.
2．The performance was rated (评价)as a great success by the local audience.
3．It is said that the early European playing cards were designed (设计)for entertainment and education.
4．The grass was pressed (压)down in places where people had lain.
5．He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated (毕业)from Oxford University.
B
基础检测
editors
rated
designed
pressed
graduated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·全国一卷)The argument (argue)had cut off communication between my brother and me for months.
2．We really understand your eagerness (eager)for a little toy.
3．The adventurous (adventure)trip to the island was good for his later life.
4．My son asked me eagerly (eager)what would happen in the next two days.
5．Many of those who do voluntary (volunteer)work are young people, and the numbers are growing.
argument
eagerness
adventurous
eagerly
voluntary
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．It is not easy for us to calm down when facing some dangerous situations.
2．The value of the painting by the French artist has shot up over the past few years.
3．The old lady counted out fifteen pennies and passed them to the salesgirl.
4．Money should be drawn out of the bank in order to help those homeless children.
5．It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.
shoot up; calm down; count out; turn out; draw...out of
calm down
shot up
counted out
be drawn out of
turned out
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我站在门边，不敢说一个字。(现在分词短语作状语)
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
2．我多么希望昨天回答了他的问题啊！(wish从句中的虚拟语气)
How I wish I had answered his question yesterday!
3．至于在暑假里要做些什么，我已经制订了一系列的计划。(疑问词＋to do)
As to what to do in my summer vacation，I have made a series of plans.
4．除非他们自己喜欢这个项目，否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。(There's no point in doing sth.)
There's no point in pushing them unless they really enjoy the project.
not daring
wish I had answered
what to do
There's no point in pushing them
课时作业
返回
课时作业3
课时作业4
课时作业3
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·山东日照二模)
My friend had built a multimillion-dollar business from nothing, rising out of poverty. He cared for his aging parents, sent two siblings to college, and even helped them get married. Yet，despite these incredible achievements, his response was always the same whenever I praised him：“Not good enough. Not yet.”
I know this mindset well, having grown up in an entrepreneurial family where my performance was constantly measured through comparisons. “Look at so-and-so's son and how well he's doing，” my father would say. The thought of meeting these standards blinded me to the 90% of things I was doing right. Instead, I became focused on the never-ending 10% I hadn't achieved to prove myself, and if not, I would become bitter toward myself and those I was trying to match in performance. I would develop an inflated self-confidence that I would dominate all aspects of business or have no confidence in certain business activities.
When I didn't feel competitive enough, I lost opportunities and friendships when there was a better approach for collaboration and a win-win. I often didn't know why I was competing: I just wanted to prove to my father that I was better than the other guy, and he was wrong. Later in my life, I came to realize that life can be competitive, but comparison is not the right approach to growth. It's the enemy of self-acceptance, breeding feelings of inadequacy. When we compare ourselves, we might create slightly better versions than others, but it comes at the expense of our authenticity.
When you accept yourself, you'll realize that you only need to meet your natural and basic expectations, not anyone else's. That's when you begin to live authentically and give others the space to grow into their best selves within their abilities and circumstances. An oak tree doesn't strive to become a smaller banana tree or a much larger mountain. It grows into its most natural and beautiful form, providing shade and strength for those who need it.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过朋友及自身经历，指出比较不利于成长，强调自我接纳才能实现真实成长。
1．What does the author want to show by telling his friend's story？(　　)
A．Family support is the key to success.
B．Poverty motivates greater achievements.
C．Financial success doesn't mean a happy life.
D．Achievement doesn't guarantee self-acceptance.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“My friend had built a multimillion-dollar business from nothing…his response was always the same whenever I praised him: ‘Not good enough. Not yet.’”可知，作者朋友取得了巨大成就，但依然不认可自己。所以作者讲述朋友的故事是想表明成就并不能保证自我接纳。
D
2．What does the underlined word “inflated” in paragraph 2 mean？(　　)
A．Overstated. B．Humble.
C．Stable. D．Unsurprising.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“Instead, I became focused on the never-ending 10% I hadn't achieved to prove myself…or have no confidence in certain business activities.”以及上下文语境可知，作者因为不断和他人比较，会产生一种过度的自信，认为自己能主导商业的各个方面。所以inflated意思是“夸大的，过度的”，与A选项Overstated(夸大的)意思相近。
A
3．What is a consequence of comparison according to the author？(　　)
A．Motivation decline.
B．Self-worth decrease.
C．Personality disorder.
D．Superiority complex.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Later in my life, I came to realize that life can be competitive…but it comes at the expense of our authenticity.”可知，作者认为比较的一个后果是自我价值感降低。
B
4．What does the last paragraph imply？(　　)
A．Constant comparison fuels one's ambition.
B．Competition contributes to success.
C．Self-acceptance enables authentic growth.
D．Social acceptance determines one's value.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段暗示自我接纳能让我们真实地成长。
C
B
(2025·四川眉山三模)
Turning 18 is a big deal when you are a teenager. It means you are responsible for yourself and don't need your parents' permission any more. However, there are lots of opinions about when one becomes an adult. Some are based on science, while others are personal opinions. While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree.
While studying the brain of teenagers, scientists have learned that when kids are around 18, their prefrontal cortex (前额皮层)is only halfway developed. The prefrontal cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly. That halfway development means that you still have things to learn and your brains still have time to develop until the age of 25.
Some people think going off to college and living on your own qualify you as an adult, while others may believe having a steady income and being able to afford to live on your own are what make you an adult. Not everyone has a fortunate life where they have family that can provide support; there are situations where you are forced to become an “adult” whether you like it or not.
In the foster care (寄养)system, once a child turns 18, he or she is considered an adult and can no longer receive state-sponsored support. These children are forced into a life where they have no family or anyone to support them other than those who were there for them in the system.
Having a quality job will allow you to supply yourself with necessary things to live and help you become a more mature and responsible person. Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn't as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了关于什么时候算是成年了，人们有着不同的观点，有些观点是根据科学理论，而有些是个人观点，作者也提出了自己的见解。
5．What is the author's attitude toward considering 25 as an age for adulthood？(　　)
A．Cautious. B．Uncaring.
C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree.”可知，对于将25岁视为成年年龄，作者是持肯定态度的。
D
6．How does the prefrontal cortex work to help people set and achieve goals？(　　)
A.By dealing with received signals and responding accordingly.
B．By collecting information from other parts of the body.
C．By sending instructions to different regions of the brain.
D．By transporting sensed emotions and making records.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The prefrontal cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly.”可知，前额皮层要处理来自大脑不同区域的信息，并根据这些信息帮助人们设定和实现目标。
A
7．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Give a definition of adulthood.
B．Stress the importance of family support.
C．Prove not everyone lives a fortunate life.
D.Show opinions on becoming an adult are divided.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可推知，作者在本段意图表明关于什么时候算是成年人了，人们的观点是有分歧的。
D
8．What is one standard qualifying you as an adult according to the author？(　　)
A．Setting up a family.
B．Being responsible for your study.
C．Accepting and learning from the low moments in life.
D．Buying yourself quality things to live.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn't as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult.”可知，在生活中经历了低谷时期，且能从中学习的人，算是成年人了。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·河南五市联考)
As an educator with decades of experience, I have always recognized the motivational value of praise. I had thought I had mastered the approach to giving praise, but recent incidents made me rethink.
While I effortlessly tailor appreciation to adults in my workplace, designing rhymes that delight __1__ requires a different approach. When little Clara __2__ to form her letters, I showered her with praise, “Your A is splendid, and this D stands like a soldier! But your E needs to be shorter—let's __3__ it.” She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes __4__ by my kind-hearted “but”. Though convinced that I was __5__ her for academic challenges, I later questioned whether such corrections might __6__ her creative confidence.
This pattern repeated at home. My husband, who __7__ handles housework, once __8__ my load by preparing lunch. “You're so __9__！” I began warmly, before adding, “but why drop bread pieces everywhere？” His smile disappeared—a reaction that __10__ me to analyze my communication patterns.
That night, an inspiration struck me: replacing “but” with “and” could transform criticism into __11__ encouragement. To Clara, I say, “I like your tall letters, and I notice how __12__ you're adjusting the E！” To my husband, I say, “Thank you, and I deeply value your support.” The next morning, I __13__ this slight linguistic changes. Clara's eyes __14__ at the double praise; my husband, hearing “and your timing was perfect”， embraced me warmly. Sometimes the smallest __15__ in phrasing build the strongest bridges of understanding.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者在和家人的沟通过程中，发现自己总是在夸奖之后挑剔不足，于是改变了自己的语言，让家人变得更加高兴起来。
While I effortlessly tailor appreciation to adults in my workplace, designing rhymes that delight __1__ requires a different approach.
1．(　　)A.strangers B．preschoolers
C．neighbors D．friends
解析：句意：虽然我可以毫不费力地为工作场所的成年人量身定制赞赏之词，但设计让学龄前儿童高兴的押韵需要不同的方法。A.strangers陌生人；B.preschoolers学龄前儿童；C.neighbors邻居；D.friends朋友。根据后文“to form her letters”可知，克拉拉还在写字母，说明还是学龄前儿童，故选B。
答案分析
B
When little Clara __2__ to form her letters, I showered her with praise, “Your A is splendid, and this D stands like a soldier! But your E needs to be shorter—let's __3__ it.” She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes __4__ by my kind-hearted “but”.
2．(　　)A.hesitated B．struggled
C．pretended D．refused
解析：句意：当小克拉拉努力写字母的时候，我对她赞不绝口：“你的A太棒了，这个D站得像个战士！但你的E需要更短——让我们重新塑造它。”A.hesitated犹豫；B.struggled努力；C.pretended假装；D.refused拒绝。根据后文“to form her letters, I showered her with praise”可知，此处指克拉拉在努力写字母。
B
When little Clara __2__ to form her letters, I showered her with praise, “Your A is splendid, and this D stands like a soldier! But your E needs to be shorter—let's __3__ it.” She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes __4__ by my kind-hearted “but”.
3．(　　)A.reread B．recycle
C．reshape D．recover
解析：句意同上。A.reread重读；B.recycle回收利用；C.reshape改造；D.recover恢复。根据上文“But your E needs to be shorter”以及后文“She obediently(服从地)erased her work”可知，作者认为克拉拉写的E应该更短，需要重塑，故选C。
C
When little Clara __2__ to form her letters, I showered her with praise, “Your A is splendid, and this D stands like a soldier! But your E needs to be shorter—let's __3__ it.” She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes __4__ by my kind-hearted “but”.
4．(　　)A.brightened B．darkened
C．shone D．softened
解析：句意：她乖乖地擦掉了她的作品，她的眼睛被我善意的“但是”弄暗了。A.brightened点亮；B.darkened变暗；C.shone闪耀；D.softened软化。根据后文“by my kind-hearted ‘but’”以及后文提到作者质疑自己的做法是否会损害孩子的信心可以推测此处指孩子的眼睛被作者善意的“但是”弄暗了。
B
Though convinced that I was __5__ her for academic challenges, I later questioned whether such corrections might __6__ her creative confidence.
5．(　　)A.equipping B．rewarding
C．comforting D．pressuring
解析：句意：虽然我确信我是在帮助她应对学业挑战，但后来我质疑这样的纠正是否会损害她的创作信心。A.equipping装备；B.rewarding奖励；C.comforting安慰；D.pressuring对……施加压力。根据后文“her for academic challenges”可知，作者认为自己是在帮助克拉拉应对学业挑战，equip sb. for表示“使某人为……做准备”。
A
Though convinced that I was __5__ her for academic challenges, I later questioned whether such corrections might __6__ her creative confidence.
6．(　　)A.keep B．reflect
C．harm D．double
解析：句意同上。A.keep保持；B.reflect反思；C.harm危害；D.double翻倍。根据前文“I later questioned whether such corrections might”以及“She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes__4__by my kind-hearted ‘but’．”可知，这样的做法可能会损害孩子的信心。
C
This pattern repeated at home. My husband, who __7__ handles housework, once __8__ my load by preparing lunch. “You're so __9__！”
7．(　　)A.unwillingly B．unfairly
C．randomly D．rarely
解析：句意：我的丈夫很少做家务，有一次他帮我准备午餐，减轻了我的负担。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.unfairly不公平地；C.randomly随机地；D.rarely稀有地。根据后文“handles housework”以及后文作者夸奖丈夫贴心推测，丈夫很少做家务，所以作者才夸奖。
D
This pattern repeated at home. My husband, who __7__ handles housework, once __8__ my load by preparing lunch. “You're so __9__！”
8．(　　)A.lightened B．added
C．described D．stressed
解析：句意同上。A.lightened减轻；B.added增加；C.described描述；D.stressed强调。根据后文“my load by preparing lunch”及常识可知，准备午餐减轻了作者的负担。
A
This pattern repeated at home. My husband, who __7__ handles housework, once __8__ my load by preparing lunch. “You're so __9__！”
9．(　　)A.considerate B．cautious
C．strict D．honest
解析：句意：你真贴心！A.considerate贴心的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.strict严格的；D.honest诚实的。根据前文“my load by preparing lunch”可知，丈夫帮助作者准备午餐，作者夸奖对方贴心。
A
I began warmly, before adding, “but why drop bread pieces everywhere？” His smile disappeared—a reaction that __10__ me to analyze my communication patterns.
10．(　　)A.forbade B．urged
C．permitted D．delayed
解析：句意：他的笑容消失了——这一反应促使我开始分析自己的交流模式。A.forbade禁止；B.urged催促；C.permitted允许；D.delayed推迟。根据后文“me to analyze my communication patterns”可知，丈夫的微笑消失了，这促使作者开始反思自己的交流模式。固定搭配urge sb. to do sth.表示“敦促某人做某事”。
B
That night, an inspiration struck me: replacing “but” with “and” could transform criticism into __11__ encouragement.
11．(　　)A.artificial B．genuine
C．legal D．formal
解析：句意：那天晚上，我突然有了一个灵感：用“而且”代替“但是”可以把批评变成真正的鼓励。A.artificial人工的；B.genuine真正的；C.legal合法的；D.formal正式的。根据前文“replacing ‘but’ with ‘and’ could transform criticism into”以及后文“I like your tall letters, and I notice how __12__ you're adjusting the E！”可知，作者想到用“而且”代替“但是”可以把批评变成真正的鼓励。
B
To Clara, I say, “I like your tall letters, and I notice how __12__ you're adjusting the E！” To my husband, I say, “Thank you, and I deeply value your support.”
12．(　　)A.carelessly B．passively
C．attentively D．generously
解析：句意：我对克拉拉说：“我喜欢你的高字母，而且注意到你是多么用心地调整字母E！”A.carelessly马虎地；B.passively被动地；C.attentively专注地；D.generously慷慨地。根据后文“you're adjusting the E”可知，作者夸奖孩子调整字母E很专注。
C
The next morning, I __13__ this slight linguistic changes. Clara's eyes __14__ at the double praise; my husband, hearing “and your timing was perfect”， embraced me warmly.
13．(　　)A.broke B．questioned
C．applied D．explained
解析：句意：第二天早上，我应用了语言上的这一小小的改变。A.broke打破；B.questioned质疑；C.applied应用；D.explained解释。根据后文“Clara's eyes __14__ at the double praise; my husband, hearing ‘and your timing was perfect’， embraced me warmly.”可知，作者给了孩子双重赞美，也换了方式夸奖丈夫，说明应用了这一改变。
C
The next morning, I __13__ this slight linguistic changes. Clara's eyes __14__ at the double praise; my husband, hearing “and your timing was perfect”， embraced me warmly.
14．(　　)A.opened up B．rose up
C．woke up D．lit up
解析：句意：克拉拉听到这双重赞美，眼睛一亮；丈夫听到“你来得正是时候”，热情地拥抱了我。A.opened up开放；B.rose up反抗；C.woke up唤醒；D.lit up喜形于色。根据后文“at the double praise”可知，孩子听到双重赞美应会眼睛一亮，很高兴。
D
Sometimes the smallest __15__ in phrasing build the strongest bridges of understanding.
15．(　　)A.barriers B．exchanges
C．shifts D．traditions
解析：句意：有时候，措辞上最小的变化可以建立起最牢固的理解之桥。A.barriers障碍；B.exchanges交换；C.shifts改变；D.traditions传统。此处呼应前文“this slight linguistic changes”，指措辞上最小的变化可以建立起最牢固的理解之桥。
C
课时作业4
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·江苏南京二模)
The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term associative learning—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment. Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area. This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders, which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life.
Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups: babies (0－3)， primary school children (6－12)， teenagers (13－19)， and adults. Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks. Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability.
The research team was amazed by the results: “We'd initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age，” says Dr Carolin Konrad. However, there was a clear peak in performance at primary school: “Children at this age achieved the best results, learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior.” Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies, they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children.
It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups. Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions, whereas adults showed minimal progress. This finding highlights the “sensitive period” phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.
The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary. “This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns，” concludes Konrad. “Early identification of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差异。
1．Which is an example of associative learning？(　　)
A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand.
B.A student works harder after getting good grades.
C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket.
D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term associative learning—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment.” 可知，联想学习是指将事件与其结果联系起来的能力，B选项中“学生因为取得好成绩而更加努力学习”符合这一定义，因为它体现了事件(取得好成绩)与结果(更加努力学习)之间的关联。故选B项。
B
2．What were the participants required to do in the experiments？(　　)
A．Identify the relationship between different groups.
B．Watch and record their own performance over time.
C.Assess their learning progress during the sessions.
D.Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks.” 可知，参与者需要通过计算机任务将图片与奖励配对。故选D项。
D
3．What surprised the researchers about associative learning？(　　)
A．Adults possessed greater adaptability.
B．Primary schoolers outperformed others.
C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance.
D.Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, there was a clear peak…they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children.”可知，研究人员惊讶地发现，小学生阶段的孩子取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小。由此可知，令研究人员惊讶的是小学生在联想学习中的表现优于其他年龄段的人群。故选B项。
B
4．Why is the “sensitive period” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4？(　　)
A．To show learning ability differences across all ages.
B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way.
C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood.
D．To demonstrate the brain's ability to adapt in adulthood.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This finding highlights the ‘sensitive period’ phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.”可知，儿童时期大脑的高可塑性使知识学习更高效。由此可知，第四段中提到“敏感期”现象是为了强调儿童时期学习的重要意义。故选C项。
C
B
(2026·湖南长沙四大名校联考)
France banned smartphones in primary and secondary schools in 2018 to improve focus, reduce social media exposure, and control cyberbullying. Following this, the Netherlands and Hungary introduced similar bans in 2024, while the UK debates comparable legislation. The critical debate centers on whether such bans meaningfully enhance students' mental health.
The urgency is undeniable. A 2021 US Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness among American high schoolers between 2009 and 2019. The number who seriously considered killing themselves went up by 36%. What makes these findings all the worse is that 48% of mental-health problems (like depression and anxiety)that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives.
It is tempting to connect these trends with the increased availability of smartphones, but establishing a causal connection is difficult. The brain undergoes profound changes during adolescence, meaning that any research on the effects of smartphone use needs to consider the developmental age of the children being studied as well as their precise smartphone habits.
Some studies reveal that unfettered (不受限制的)access to social media on smartphones at critical moments when the brain is changing may cause problems. Amy Orben at the University of Cambridge surveyed 17，409 people aged 10－21, analyzing the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction. The findings show that girls who increased their social media use over the course of a year were significantly less satisfied if the increase took place when they were between 11 and 13. Boys showed the same trend when increases took place when they were 14 or 15 years old.
How much of this will change by banning phones in schools is unclear. Victoria Goodyear at Britain's University of Birmingham compared the mental well-being of students in schools that implemented restrictive smartphone policies with those with relaxed policies. She also monitored overall screen time. Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了法国、荷兰和匈牙利等国家在学校禁止使用智能手机的情况，以及这种禁令是否能有效改善学生的心理健康。
5．How is the second paragraph mainly developed？(　　)
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By listing data.
C．By following time order.
D．By examining differences.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“A 2021 US Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness…for the rest of their lives.”可知，第二段通过列举数据来展开论述。故选B。
B
6．What does the underlined word “plague” most likely mean？(　　)
A．Improve. B．Affect.
C．Cure. D．Ignore.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“A 2021 US Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge…that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives.”可知，青少年时期出现的心理健康问题(如抑郁、焦虑)会对人生产生长久影响。plague在此处意为 “困扰，影响”，与 “affect”语义最接近。故选B。
B
7．What can we infer from Orben's research？(　　)
A．Smartphones cause great harm to teenagers' brain.
B.Ages make a difference to teenagers' understanding of life.
C．Girls are more likely to be affected by social media than boys.
D．Unrestricted social media use leads to a decline in life satisfaction.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings show that girls…when they were 14 or 15 years old.”可知，无限制地使用社交媒体会导致生活满意度下降。故选D。
D
8．What is Goodyear's attitude to banning smartphones in schools？(　　)
A.Supportive. B．Indifferent.
C．Skeptical. D．Critical.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough.”可知，Goodyear对在学校禁止使用智能手机持怀疑态度。故选C。
C
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·广东名校联盟联考)
The teenage years are marked by intense changes—physical，social，emotional，and developmental—that can be difficult to deal with at times.1(____)As you grow older, conflicts with family often increase, mainly due to the desire for more independence. Peer (同龄人)pressure also plays a major role，as teenagers are more likely to be influenced by friends while testing boundaries and seeking autonomy.
Conflicts during this time can also arise from the intensity of your emotions and your evolving ability to think abstractly. As you work on forming your individual identity, you may become more focused on the world around you, trying to make sense of your own feelings and form opinions on various issues.2(____)As your outlook changes, these struggles may make it more difficult to navigate relationships with family and cope with peer pressure.
While conflicts are a natural part of this stage of life, there are ways to manage and resolve them productively.3(____)By expressing your thoughts and feelings clearly, you can prevent misunderstandings and build mutual respect. Equally important is active listening—understanding others' outlook can help you find common ground and reach a resolution.
4(____)Staying calm allows you to think more clearly and avoid worsening emotions. Techniques such as deep breathing or temporarily stepping away from the situation can help manage intense feelings. Additionally, turning to trusted adults or peers who have faced similar challenges can help you gain practical strategies for managing emotions.
While conflicts are a normal part of growing up, they can also be opportunities for personal development and self-discovery.5(____)
A．Emotional regulation is also essential.
B．The most effective strategy is communication.
C．These conflicts are caused by misunderstandings.
D.With so much going on, it's no surprise that conflicts often arise.
E．This process can lead to internal and external struggles as you grow.
F．Take it positively, and you can resolve conflicts and boost your growth.
G．Recognizing the signs helps you become more aware next time a conflict emerges.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了青少年在成长过程中面临的各种变化以及由此产生的冲突，同时介绍了应对这些冲突的方法，强调了冲突对于个人成长和自我发现的积极意义。
The teenage years are marked by intense changes—physical，social，emotional，and developmental—that can be difficult to deal with at times.1(____)As you grow older, conflicts with family often increase, mainly due to the desire for more independence. Peer (同龄人)pressure also plays a major role，as teenagers are more likely to be influenced by friends while testing boundaries and seeking autonomy.
A．Emotional regulation is also essential.
B．The most effective strategy is communication.
C．These conflicts are caused by misunderstandings.
D.With so much going on, it's no surprise that conflicts often arise.
E．This process can lead to internal and external struggles as you grow.
F．Take it positively, and you can resolve conflicts and boost your growth.
G．Recognizing the signs helps you become more aware next time a conflict emerges.
答案分析
D
解析：上文提到青少年时期会经历身体、社交、情感和发展等方面的剧烈变化；下文又说随着年龄增长，与家人的冲突往往会增加，同龄人压力也起主要作用。所以此处应介绍这些变化与冲突之间的关系，D项“由于有这么多事情在发生，冲突频繁出现也就不足为奇了”承上启下，符合语境。
Conflicts during this time can also arise from the intensity of your emotions and your evolving ability to think abstractly. As you work on forming your individual identity, you may become more focused on the world around you, trying to make sense of your own feelings and form opinions on various issues.2(____)As your outlook changes, these struggles may make it more difficult to navigate relationships with family and cope with peer pressure.
A．Emotional regulation is also essential.
B．The most effective strategy is communication.
C．These conflicts are caused by misunderstandings.
D.With so much going on, it's no surprise that conflicts often arise.
E．This process can lead to internal and external struggles as you grow.
F．Take it positively, and you can resolve conflicts and boost your growth.
G．Recognizing the signs helps you become more aware next time a conflict emerges.
E
解析：上文说当你努力塑造自己的个性时，你可能会更加关注周围的世界，试图理解自己的感受，并对各种问题形成自己的观点；下文讲随着你的观念发生变化，这些挣扎可能会让你更难以处理与家人的关系，也更难应对同龄人的压力。因此空处应继续讨论青少年时期人们可能遇到的问题，E项“随着你的成长，这个过程可能会导致内心和外在的挣扎”与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
While conflicts are a natural part of this stage of life, there are ways to manage and resolve them productively.3(____)By expressing your thoughts and feelings clearly, you can prevent misunderstandings and build mutual respect. Equally important is active listening—understanding others' outlook can help you find common ground and reach a resolution.
A．Emotional regulation is also essential.
B．The most effective strategy is communication.
C．These conflicts are caused by misunderstandings.
D.With so much going on, it's no surprise that conflicts often arise.
E．This process can lead to internal and external struggles as you grow.
F．Take it positively, and you can resolve conflicts and boost your growth.
G．Recognizing the signs helps you become more aware next time a conflict emerges.
B
解析：上文提到虽然冲突是人生这个阶段的自然组成部分，但有一些方法可以有效地管理和解决它们；下文提到通过清晰地表达自己的想法和感受，可以防止误解并建立相互尊重。因此空处应介绍一种解决冲突的方法，且与沟通有关，B项“最有效的策略是沟通”承上启下，符合语境。
4(____)Staying calm allows you to think more clearly and avoid worsening emotions. Techniques such as deep breathing or temporarily stepping away from the situation can help manage intense feeling必修第一册　Unit 2　Let's talk teens
　　
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
In recent reports, the relationship between 1.teenagers (n.青少年)and their parents has shown a positive trend, while in the past, many families would often 2.argue (v.争吵)over misunderstandings. The current 3.rate (n.比率，比例)of such conflicts and 4.tension (n.紧张关系)has decreased. 5.Experts (n.专家)believe that 6.regular (adj.定期的)communication plays a crucial role in this improvement.
Many 7.adults (n.成年人)now make it a point to 8.view (v.看待)their children's 9.struggles (n.奋斗)with a more understanding lens. They recognize the 10.mental (adj.精神的)pressures that teenagers face, especially in this digital age where they are always in the spotlight. Parents are now more 11.likely (adj.很可能的)to offer support and 12.concern (n.关心)rather than criticism, understanding that the teenage years can be 13.rough (adj.艰难的)and 14.anxious (adj.令人焦虑的)．
Teenagers, on the other hand, are learning to 15.shoot for (phr. 为……努力)their goals without letting minor setbacks and 16.stress (n.压力)break their spirit. They 17.gather (v.聚集，增加)strength from their peers and family, and many have started to take a more active role in household responsibilities, whether it's helping with the 18.rent (n.租金)or handling an 19.emergency (n.突发事件，紧急情况). This proactive approach contrasts with the previously 20.passive (adj.消极的)attitude many had.
In conclusion, the 21.scene (n.景象)in many households is changing for the better. Both parents and teenagers are working together, 22.targeting (v.以……为目标)a harmonious relationship. This 23.unique (adj. 独特的)bond is essential for the well-being of both parties, ensuring a 24.calm (adj.平静的)and 25.secure (adj.稳定的)environment at home.
1 anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·全国二卷)Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety (anxious)．
②We are really concerned and anxious to learn (learn)about your updates.
③With a test paper in hand，she went to the teacher's office anxiously/with anxiety (不安地)．
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④She was anxious about her son's safety, so she called him again.
→Anxious about her son's safety, she called him again.(形容词作状语)
(1)be anxious about sth.担心或担忧某事 be anxious to do sth./for sth.渴望做某事/某物 (2)anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地，不安地 (3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地
[名师指津]　“渴望做某事/某物”的表达还有：long to do sth./for sth.、desire to do sth./for sth.、be eager to do sth./for sth.、be dying to do sth./for sth.等。
2 desire n. & vt. 渴望，希望
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He has a desire that his books should reach as many as possible.
②(2025·全国一卷)I have a strong desire to choose (choose)“Fun at my school” as it will better signal our campus spirit.
③(2024·北京卷)By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
④I desire that he (should) call (call)on me on Monday morning.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤(2023·浙江1月卷)我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以消除我们沉重的压力，还可以开阔我们的视野。
→We desire our school to organise more activities like this，which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.
→We desire that our school (should)organise more activities like this, which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 have a desire that…(should)do sth. (同位语从句)渴望……做某事 satisfy one's desire 满足某人的愿望 (2)desire (sb.)to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事 desire that…(should)do sth. (宾语从句)希望……做某事 (3)desirable adj. 理想的；值得拥有的
[名师指津]　desire 意为“希望”，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。此外，desire 作名词，其后接主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时也要使用虚拟语气。
3 struggle vi.& n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①At present, China has to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
②Nowadays, the youth including many graduates have been struggling for a better future.
③(2025·全国一卷)I felt guilty watching my brother and his companion Toby struggle to leave (leave)in such an awkward situation.
(1)struggle to do… 努力做…… (2)struggle with…for… 为争取……而与……做斗争 struggle against/with… 同……做斗争 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position as a teller.
→Having struggled for months to find a job, Mary finally took a position as a teller.(现在分词短语作状语)
[写作佳句]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David struggled to his feet and continued his running, showing no sign of giving up.(读后续写之动作描写)
戴维挣扎着站起来，继续跑，没有表现出任何放弃的迹象。
4 concern n. 担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The United Nations shows great concern for the disaster, at whose request international aid organizations are rushing to the stricken district.
②Don't be concerned with your current size; be concerned with the direction that you're traveling in.
③(2025·全国二卷)As far as our school newspaper is concerned (concern)，we are quite concerned about receiving your article on time.
④He asked several questions concerning (concern)the future of the company.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤The teacher was concerned about the student, so he called his parent to find out why he was absent from class.
→Concerned about the student, the teacher called his parent to find out why he was absent from class. (形容词作状语)
(1)show concern for 对……表示关心/担心 (2)concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的；关切的 be concerned about/for sth.担心某事 be concerned with 关心；参与；与……有关 so/as far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言 (3)concerning prep. 关于
[名师指津]　concerned意为“关心的”时充当前置定语；如果表示“有关的”，作定语要后置。如：a concerned father一位担心的父亲；all the people concerned所有相关人员。
5 stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/语段填词
①The vehicles passing over put stress on the material of the bridge.
②It is a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress)society.
③Jerry has been under stress for one month. He has so much work to do that he feels pretty stressed (stress). Nobody else lives in such a stressful (stress)environment as him.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④在班会上，我们的老师强调了用自己的双手劳动的重要性。
At the class meeting, our teacher stressed the importance of working with our own hands.(应用文写作之报道)
(1)under stress 在压力之下 lay/put stress on sth. 强调/重视某物 (2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 (3)stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的 stressed adj. 焦虑不安的(常修饰人)
[写作佳句]　(2023·全国甲卷)Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观。
6 design vt. 设计；制订 n. 设计；设计艺术
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(外研版选必三U4)The building was designed to show (show)the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.
②We are told that the activity is designed for the people who want to experience adventures.
③Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or by design
④She's the fashion designer (design)of the moment.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤The bridge is designed by the famous architect.The bridge is under construction now.
→The bridge designed by the famous architect is under construction now. (分词短语作后置定语)
(1)be designed to do…目的是做…… be designed for… 为……设计 (2)by design 故意地 (3)designer n. 设计者
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)The column “Fun at my school” is designed to create a sense of community and belonging among students.
“我的学校乐趣”栏目旨在为学生创造一种社区感和归属感。
7 likely adj. 可能的，预料的，有希望的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Jogging is less likely to cause (cause)knee injuries.
②It is very likely that he will not agree with our plan.
③Seeing that he's been off sick all week he's unlikely (like)to come.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④(2025·全国一卷)这个新栏目很可能会吸引更多学生参与并鼓励创意写作。
→This new column is likely to attract more student participation and encourage creative writing.
→It is likely that this new column will attract more student participation and encourage creative writing.
(1)sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事 It is likely that… 可能…… (2)unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的
[写作佳句]　(2024·北京卷)The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources.
狐狸的优势在于它们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息。
8 account n. 账户；描述；解释 vt. 认为是，视为
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①He made great progress in spoken English on account of (由于)his regular practice.
②The policeman gave an account of (描述)the traffic accident.
③These products, in total, account for (占比)about 80% of all our sales.
[能力提升]—— 微写作/句式升级
④我写信的目的是向您详细讲述我在一次志愿者项目中的难忘经历。
I'm writing to give you a full account of my unforgettable experience in a volunteer programme.
⑤We will give our mother a big surprise.You can not tell her about our plan in advance.
→We will give our mother a big surprise. On no account can you tell her about our plan in advance．(倒装句)
(1)on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装) take…into account/consideration 考虑到……，把……考虑进去 take account of 考虑到…… give an account of 描述；说明 (2)account for 说明；做出解释；占……(比例)
[写作佳句]　(2025·浙江1月卷)When filming short videos on campus, students should take account of others' right to privacy.
在校园拍摄短视频时，学生应该考虑到他人的隐私权。
9 press vt.& vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Eager for that toy, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
②(2025·全国二卷)International students often feel under pressure when repeatedly asked to pronounce their names for English speakers.
③I know studying is very important, but my parents put too much pressure on me.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④他把书按在胸前，感受着它的重量。
He pressed the book against his chest, feeling the weight of it.(读后续写之动作描写)
⑤老师敦促学生更深入地思考这个问题。
The teacher pressed the student to think more deeply about the question.
(1)press…against… 把……压/挤/贴在…… press sb. to do sth. 极力劝说/敦促某人做某事 (2)pressure n. 压力 put pressure on… 给……施压 under pressure 面临压力；承受压力
[写作佳句]　No matter how much pressure you are under, you should never give up halfway.(应用文写作之建议信)
你无论面临多大压力，都不要半途而废。
10 cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I think he misses her terribly.You might cheer him up．
②Most people would like to cheer on their favorite players.
③Success is yours for the taking! Cheers (cheer)!
[能力提升]—— 词汇升级
④When I'm feeling depressed, my friend always tells me funny stories to make me happy.
→When I'm feeling depressed, my friend always tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
(1)cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来 cheer…on 为……加油 Cheers! 干杯！ (2)cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的
[写作佳句]　Sarah pretended to be cheerful, saying nothing about the argument.(读后续写之心理描写)
萨拉假装很开心，对那次争论只字未提。
11 turn out结果是；关掉；熄灭；到场，在场；使朝外；生产；弄空，掏净(尤指口袋)
[基础检测]—— 猜测加黑词的含义
①The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected.结果是
②Thousands of people turned out to welcome the team home.到场
③Please turn out the lights when you leave.关掉
④He turned out all his pockets looking for the ticket.弄空，掏净(尤指口袋)
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤The experiment turned out to be successful beyond expectation.
→It turned out that the experiment was successful beyond expectation.(用主语从句改写)
→As it turned out, the experiment was successful beyond expectation.(用定语从句改写)
(1)as it turned out 结果证明 It turned out that… 事实证明；结果 (2)turn away 把……拒之门外 turn against 背叛，反对 turn on/off 打开/关掉 turn up 出现；调大(音量) turn down 拒绝；调小(音量) turn to 转向，求助 turn around 转身
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face.(读后续写之动作、表情描写)
甘特把出租车停在公共汽车后面，转过身来，满脸笑容地看着我。
12 句型公式：现在分词短语作状语
(教材原句)You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现你自己的发育速度和朋友们不同：要么个头猛蹿，要么远远落在其他人后面。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Walking (walk)along the street, I met a good friend of mine.
②Not having studied (study)hard, Tom failed the exam.
③By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making (make)it one of the most popular school books ever.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④A number of new machines were introduced from abroad and it resulted in an increase in production.
→A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulting in an increase in production. (现在分词作状语)
现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随情况，相当于一个相应的状语从句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 (1)如果分词的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或分词动作紧接着谓语动词动作发生，要用doing形式。 (2)如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，要用having done形式。
[写作佳句]　He was small for ten years old, standing by himself off to the side by a fence. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn't with the other children. (读后续写之人物描写)
他瘦小得不像十岁，独自站在篱笆旁远处。他往日灿烂的笑容今天不见了。我走过去询问他为什么不和其他孩子在一起。
13 句型公式：疑问词＋不定式
(教材原句)Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control．
通过这种良性讨论，你会学会何时做出让步，何时可以要求父母放松对你的掌控。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①When meeting with an emergency，he doesn't know what to do (do)to keep calm.
②I really don't know whether to make (make)a response to her invitation or not.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③如果您能给我们一些关于如何应对这种情况的建议，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to cope with the situation．(应用文写作之求助信)
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。 (1)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。 (2)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。
[写作佳句]　It is urgent that students should know what to do to be a high-efficiency learner.(应用文写作之求助信)
学生们迫切需要知道做些什么才能成为一个高效的学习者。
[查漏补缺]
1．The car is running at a rate of eighty kilometers an hour.
2．(2025·北京卷)Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed, because it identifies a point in the life cycle.
3．He is eager for his parents to send him a new bicycle.
4．(2025·全国一卷)I believe “Fun at my school” would help readers figure out what makes our school community special.
5．As far as I'm concerned (concern)，as long as you stick to working hard，you will achieve your goal sooner or later.
6．Mother would count out to her a bundle of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks.
7．Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just hypothetical (假设的)and needs proving.
8．As we all know，cooperation performs an important role in team sports.
9．60% of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification and claim that they will do this in their daily life.
10．Even though I didn't see eye to eye with them on everything, I would try to keep calm and avoid quarrelling with them.
1.argue for 据理支持 2．as far as I'm concerned 就我而言 3．at a rate of 以……的速度 4．perform an important role in 在……中起重要作用 5．see eye to eye with sb. on sth.(在某事上)与某人看法一致 6．view…as 把……看作 7．count out 逐一数出 8．be eager for 渴望…… 9．figure out 理解；计算出 10．“疑问词＋ever”引导让步状语从句
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place, it was stressful (stress)getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning (concern)their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
3．Yesterday I secured a job as a security (secure)guard and I must try my best to keep students secure on campus.
4．My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive home as usual and we even can feel her anxiety (anxious)．
5．The argument between the two sides led to a tense atmosphere.In an attempt to ease the tension (tense)，I suggested stopping arguing.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed (perform)surgery.
8．(2025·全国一卷)I knew I had to make things right—so I turned to my wife for advice.
9．In view of your poor grades, we think you should study harder.
10．Nowadays people are more and more concerned about their health.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．spot
A.n. 斑点　B．n. 地点，场所　C．n. 粉刺；丘疹　D．v. 发现；认出
(1)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)When it came to picking my favorite spot to settle, Italy was the clear winner.　B
(2)It is worrying that the baby's whole body is covered in small red spots．C
(3)She was wearing a black skirt with white spots to attend the ball.A
(4)(2025·全国一卷)Through the window, he spotted his brother sitting alone in the garden, looking utterly lonely. D
2．shoot
A.v. (使朝某方向)冲，奔　B．v. 射杀　C．v. 射门，投篮　D．v. 摄影，拍摄
(1)Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team.C
(2)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.A
(3)(2023·全国乙卷)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.D
(4)The American soldiers set up a machine gun and began to shoot the villagers.B
3．stress
A.n.紧张，精神压力　B．n.物理压力　C．v.强调D.v.重读　E．v.使非常紧张
(1)The teacher always stresses the importance of doing homework on time.C
(2)Large crowds and loud noises really stress my younger sister out. E
(3)In English pronunciation, we usually stress the first syllable of “photograph”．D
(4)(2025·全国二卷)Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone(激素)in our body.A
(5)The bridge collapsed because it couldn't handle the stress from heavy trucks.B
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)This article gives an account of the three records based on the Dunhuang documents.n. 记述，描述
点拨：account(熟义)n. 账户；解释 vt. 认为是，视为。此处用作名词，意为“记述，描述”。
(2)He denied that he had given away the news to the press．新闻界
点拨：press(熟义)vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊。the press意为“新闻界”。
(3)Looking at the flat tire，he was annoyed and didn't know what to do next.adj. 瘪了的；撒了气的
点拨：flat(熟义)n. 公寓 adj. 平坦的。此处用作形容词，意为“瘪了的；撒了气的”。
(4)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.n.场景，场面
点拨：scene(熟义)n．景象，风光。此处意为“场景，场面”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是学生会主席李华，你收到国际交换生Jack的求助信，他说了一些青春期的烦恼，请你根据他的问题，写一封回信。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我收到了你的信，想在这个充满挑战的青年阶段提供一些指导。
I received your letter and want to offer some guidance during this challenging youth phase.
②面对一些困难和担心皮肤上的粉刺是很自然的。
It's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin．
③重要的是要记住，每个成年人，无论他们现在看起来多么自信，都经历过这个阶段。
It's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase．
④这些问题有时可能会成为你担心的目标。
These issues might sometimes become a target of your worries．
⑤把它们看作成长的一部分是很重要的。
It's essential to view them as a part of growing up．
⑥拥抱每一次冒险，保持强烈的学习欲望，即使事情变得艰难，也会对你有好处。
Embracing every adventure and maintaining a strong desire to learn, even when things get tough, will serve you well．
⑦考虑到每个人的旅程都是独一无二的，在需要的时候寻求专业的建议是有益的。
Given that everyone's journey is unique, seeking expert advice when needed can be beneficial.
Step 2句式升级
⑧将句②和句③用while连接起来
While it's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin, it's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase.
⑨将句④和句⑤用although连接起来
Although these issues might sometimes become a target of your worries, it's essential to view them as a part of growing up.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
I received your letter and want to offer some guidance during this challenging youth phase.
While it's natural to face struggles and be concerned about spots on the skin, it's crucial to remember that every adult, no matter how confident they seem now, has been through this phase. Although these issues might sometimes become a target of your worries, it's essential to view them as a part of growing up. Embracing every adventure and maintaining a strong desire to learn, even when things get tough, will serve you well. Given that everyone's journey is unique, seeking expert advice when needed can be beneficial.
Stay strong and always believe in yourself!
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：难过与沮丧
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.sad adj. 难过的 2．upset adj. 沮丧的 3．depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的 4．disappointed adj. 失望的 5．discouraged adj. 气馁的 6．heartbroken adj. 心碎的 7．sadness n. 悲伤 8．depression n. 抑郁，沮丧
词块 1.feel down 感到情绪低落 2．with a heavy heart 心情沉重 3．be in low spirits 情绪低落 4．burst into tears 突然哭起来 5．with tears streaming down one's face 泪流满面 6．one's heart sinks 心情沉重
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．她的拒绝让他感到十分沮丧。(upset)
Her refusal made him feel quite upset．
2．看到令人失望的成绩单时，她的心一下子沉了下去。(sink)
Her heart sank immediately when she saw the disappointing report card.
3．坏消息让他整天情绪低落。(down)
The bad news made him feel down throughout the entire day.
4．在那场令人失望的讨论结束后，他心情沉重地离开了会议室。(heart)
He left the meeting room with a heavy heart after the disappointing discussion.
5．在经历了痛苦的失败后，她突然哭了起来。(burst)
She burst into tears suddenly after experiencing the painful failure.
任务2　语段表达
After receiving the rejection letter, Mary 1.felt deeply depressed (感到非常沮丧)and heartbroken. 2.A deep sense of sadness (一种深深的悲伤)overwhelmed her as she realized her dream was shattered. She sat alone in her room, 3.in low spirits (情绪低落)， staring blankly at the wall. Soon, she was very sad 4.with tears streaming down her face (泪流满面；with复合结构)， unable to stop crying. 5.The overwhelming feeling of depression (巨大的抑郁感)made it difficult for her to see any hope for the future.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．battle n. & vt. & vi. 争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争
2．teenager n. 青少年
3．shoot vt. & vi. (shot, shot)(使朝某方向)冲，奔；射击；射杀；摄影
4．target n. (攻击的)目标，对象；靶子 vt. 把……作为攻击目标；面向
5．mental adj. 思想的，精神的，智力的
6．adult n. 成年人
7．desire n. & vt. 渴望，希望
8．struggle vi. & n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗
9．calm vt. 使平静，使镇静 adj. 镇静的，沉着的
10．view n. 看法；视线；景色 vt. 把……视为；观看
11．expert n. 专家，行家 adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的
12．unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的
13．passive adj. 消极的，被动的
14．account n. 账户；描述；解释 vt. 认为是，视为
15．gather vi. 聚集，集合 vt. 收拢；搜集，收集；聚集
16．emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况
17．figure n. 数字；人物；体形，身材
18．scene n. (戏剧等)场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光
二、拓展单词通变化
1．argument n. 争吵，争论；论点→argue vi. 争吵，争辩，争论 vt. 说理，论证
2．tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→tense adj. 紧张的
3．anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv. 焦急地→anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
4．concern n. 担心，忧虑；关心 vt. 涉及；让(某人)担忧→concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→concerning prep. 关于；涉及
5．normal adj. 正常的，一般的 n. 常态，通常标准→normally adv. 通常；正常地→abnormal adj. 不正常的，异常的；畸形的
6．stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt. 强调，着重→stressed adj. 焦虑不安的→stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的
7．performance n. 表现；表演；执行，履行→perform vt. 表演；表现→performer n. 表演者；演员
8．press vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界→pressure n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促
9．eager adj. 热切的，渴望的，渴求的→eagerly adv. 渴望地→eagerness n. 渴望
10．adventure n. 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇→adventurous adj. 爱冒险的
11．flexible adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的→flexibility n. 灵活性→flexibly adv. 灵活地
12．secure adj. 安心的；可靠的；牢固的→security n. 安全
13．volunteer vi. & vt. 主动建议(或告诉)；自愿做，义务做 n. 志愿者→voluntary adj. 志愿的→voluntarily adv. 自愿地
14．operation n. 手术；运转，操作→operate v. 经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术
15．response n. 回复；反应，响应→respond v. 回答；响应
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．nest n. 鸟窝；巢穴，窝
2．roof n. 屋顶，顶部
3．youth n. 青年时期；青春 (the youth)年轻人
4．kangaroo n. 袋鼠
5．grocery n. 食品杂货；食品杂货店
6．downtown adv. 在市中心，往市中心
7．teller n. 出纳员；叙述者
四、重点短语明搭配
1．see eye to eye with sb. (on sth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致
2．shoot up 快速长高，蹿个儿
3．calm down 平静，镇静，安静
4．from one's point of view 从某人的角度、观点出发
5．think sth. through 充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透
6．cheer up (使)变得高兴，振奋起来
7．draw sth. out of sth. 提取，支取
8．turn out 结果是；关掉；制造
9．look through 浏览，翻阅
10．graduate from… 从……毕业
11．depend on/upon 依靠
五、教材佳句会运用
1．你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己的发育速度和朋友们不同：要么个头猛蹿，要么远远落在其他人后面。(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind．
2．另一方面，当你努力控制自己的情感时，你希望他们能更加体贴，更有耐心……(wish从句中的虚拟语气)
On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient...
3．通过这种良性讨论，你会学会何时做出让步，何时可以要求父母放松对你的掌控。(“疑问词＋不定式”在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等)
Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control．
4．总是将你和其他人做比较是没有意义的。(There's no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的)
There's no point in comparing you with others all the time.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．During the war time, many editors (编辑)of the magazine were sent to the front to do the interview.
2．The performance was rated (评价)as a great success by the local audience.
3．It is said that the early European playing cards were designed (设计)for entertainment and education.
4．The grass was pressed (压)down in places where people had lain.
5．He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated (毕业)from Oxford University.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·全国一卷)The argument (argue)had cut off communication between my brother and me for months.
2．We really understand your eagerness (eager)for a little toy.
3．The adventurous (adventure)trip to the island was good for his later life.
4．My son asked me eagerly (eager)what would happen in the next two days.
5．Many of those who do voluntary (volunteer)work are young people, and the numbers are growing.
Ⅲ.选词填空
shoot up; calm down; count out; turn out; draw...out of
1．It is not easy for us to calm down when facing some dangerous situations.
2．The value of the painting by the French artist has shot up over the past few years.
3．The old lady counted out fifteen pennies and passed them to the salesgirl.
4．Money should be drawn out of the bank in order to help those homeless children.
5．It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我站在门边，不敢说一个字。(现在分词短语作状语)
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
2．我多么希望昨天回答了他的问题啊！(wish从句中的虚拟语气)
How I wish I had answered his question yesterday!
3．至于在暑假里要做些什么，我已经制订了一系列的计划。(疑问词＋to do)
As to what to do in my summer vacation，I have made a series of plans.
4．除非他们自己喜欢这个项目，否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。(There's no point in doing sth.)
There's no point in pushing them unless they really enjoy the project.
课时作业3
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·山东日照二模)
My friend had built a multimillion-dollar business from nothing, rising out of poverty. He cared for his aging parents, sent two siblings to college, and even helped them get married. Yet，despite these incredible achievements, his response was always the same whenever I praised him：“Not good enough. Not yet.”
I know this mindset well, having grown up in an entrepreneurial family where my performance was constantly measured through comparisons. “Look at so-and-so's son and how well he's doing，” my father would say. The thought of meeting these standards blinded me to the 90% of things I was doing right. Instead, I became focused on the never-ending 10% I hadn't achieved to prove myself, and if not, I would become bitter toward myself and those I was trying to match in performance. I would develop an inflated self-confidence that I would dominate all aspects of business or have no confidence in certain business activities.
When I didn't feel competitive enough, I lost opportunities and friendships when there was a better approach for collaboration and a win-win. I often didn't know why I was competing: I just wanted to prove to my father that I was better than the other guy, and he was wrong. Later in my life, I came to realize that life can be competitive, but comparison is not the right approach to growth. It's the enemy of self-acceptance, breeding feelings of inadequacy. When we compare ourselves, we might create slightly better versions than others, but it comes at the expense of our authenticity.
When you accept yourself, you'll realize that you only need to meet your natural and basic expectations, not anyone else's. That's when you begin to live authentically and give others the space to grow into their best selves within their abilities and circumstances. An oak tree doesn't strive to become a smaller banana tree or a much larger mountain. It grows into its most natural and beautiful form, providing shade and strength for those who need it.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过朋友及自身经历，指出比较不利于成长，强调自我接纳才能实现真实成长。
1．What does the author want to show by telling his friend's story？(　D　)
A．Family support is the key to success.
B．Poverty motivates greater achievements.
C．Financial success doesn't mean a happy life.
D．Achievement doesn't guarantee self-acceptance.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“My friend had built a multimillion-dollar business from nothing…his response was always the same whenever I praised him: ‘Not good enough. Not yet.’”可知，作者朋友取得了巨大成就，但依然不认可自己。所以作者讲述朋友的故事是想表明成就并不能保证自我接纳。
2．What does the underlined word “inflated” in paragraph 2 mean？(　A　)
A．Overstated. B．Humble.
C．Stable. D．Unsurprising.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“Instead, I became focused on the never-ending 10% I hadn't achieved to prove myself…or have no confidence in certain business activities.”以及上下文语境可知，作者因为不断和他人比较，会产生一种过度的自信，认为自己能主导商业的各个方面。所以inflated意思是“夸大的，过度的”，与A选项Overstated(夸大的)意思相近。
3．What is a consequence of comparison according to the author？(　B　)
A．Motivation decline. B．Self-worth decrease.
C．Personality disorder. D．Superiority complex.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Later in my life, I came to realize that life can be competitive…but it comes at the expense of our authenticity.”可知，作者认为比较的一个后果是自我价值感降低。
4．What does the last paragraph imply？(　C　)
A．Constant comparison fuels one's ambition.
B．Competition contributes to success.
C．Self-acceptance enables authentic growth.
D．Social acceptance determines one's value.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段暗示自我接纳能让我们真实地成长。
(2025·四川眉山三模)
Turning 18 is a big deal when you are a teenager. It means you are responsible for yourself and don't need your parents' permission any more. However, there are lots of opinions about when one becomes an adult. Some are based on science, while others are personal opinions. While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree.
While studying the brain of teenagers, scientists have learned that when kids are around 18, their prefrontal cortex (前额皮层)is only halfway developed. The prefrontal cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly. That halfway development means that you still have things to learn and your brains still have time to develop until the age of 25.
Some people think going off to college and living on your own qualify you as an adult, while others may believe having a steady income and being able to afford to live on your own are what make you an adult. Not everyone has a fortunate life where they have family that can provide support; there are situations where you are forced to become an “adult” whether you like it or not.
In the foster care (寄养)system, once a child turns 18, he or she is considered an adult and can no longer receive state-sponsored support. These children are forced into a life where they have no family or anyone to support them other than those who were there for them in the system.
Having a quality job will allow you to supply yourself with necessary things to live and help you become a more mature and responsible person. Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn't as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了关于什么时候算是成年了，人们有着不同的观点，有些观点是根据科学理论，而有些是个人观点，作者也提出了自己的见解。
5．What is the author's attitude toward considering 25 as an age for adulthood？(　D　)
A．Cautious. B．Uncaring.
C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“While currently the age is 18, science supports 25 as a more sensible age for adulthood, and I agree.”可知，对于将25岁视为成年年龄，作者是持肯定态度的。
6．How does the prefrontal cortex work to help people set and achieve goals？(　A　)
A.By dealing with received signals and responding accordingly.
B．By collecting information from other parts of the body.
C．By sending instructions to different regions of the brain.
D．By transporting sensed emotions and making records.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The prefrontal cortex helps people set and achieve goals by receiving signals from different regions of the brain to process information and adapting accordingly.”可知，前额皮层要处理来自大脑不同区域的信息，并根据这些信息帮助人们设定和实现目标。
7．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3？(　D　)
A．Give a definition of adulthood.
B．Stress the importance of family support.
C．Prove not everyone lives a fortunate life.
D.Show opinions on becoming an adult are divided.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可推知，作者在本段意图表明关于什么时候算是成年人了，人们的观点是有分歧的。
8．What is one standard qualifying you as an adult according to the author？(　C　)
A．Setting up a family.
B．Being responsible for your study.
C．Accepting and learning from the low moments in life.
D．Buying yourself quality things to live.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Also, going through difficult times and realizing life isn't as easy as it seems, should qualify someone as an adult.”可知，在生活中经历了低谷时期，且能从中学习的人，算是成年人了。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·河南五市联考)
As an educator with decades of experience, I have always recognized the motivational value of praise. I had thought I had mastered the approach to giving praise, but recent incidents made me rethink.
While I effortlessly tailor appreciation to adults in my workplace, designing rhymes that delight __1__ requires a different approach. When little Clara __2__ to form her letters, I showered her with praise, “Your A is splendid, and this D stands like a soldier! But your E needs to be shorter—let's __3__ it.” She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes __4__ by my kind-hearted “but”. Though convinced that I was __5__ her for academic challenges, I later questioned whether such corrections might __6__ her creative confidence.
This pattern repeated at home. My husband, who __7__ handles housework, once __8__ my load by preparing lunch. “You're so __9__！” I began warmly, before adding, “but why drop bread pieces everywhere？” His smile disappeared—a reaction that __10__ me to analyze my communication patterns.
That night, an inspiration struck me: replacing “but” with “and” could transform criticism into __11__ encouragement. To Clara, I say, “I like your tall letters, and I notice how __12__ you're adjusting the E！” To my husband, I say, “Thank you, and I deeply value your support.” The next morning, I __13__ this slight linguistic changes. Clara's eyes __14__ at the double praise; my husband, hearing “and your timing was perfect”， embraced me warmly. Sometimes the smallest __15__ in phrasing build the strongest bridges of understanding.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者在和家人的沟通过程中，发现自己总是在夸奖之后挑剔不足，于是改变了自己的语言，让家人变得更加高兴起来。
1．(　B　)A.strangers　　　 　 B．preschoolers
C．neighbors D．friends
解析：句意：虽然我可以毫不费力地为工作场所的成年人量身定制赞赏之词，但设计让学龄前儿童高兴的押韵需要不同的方法。A.strangers陌生人；B.preschoolers学龄前儿童；C.neighbors邻居；D.friends朋友。根据后文“to form her letters”可知，克拉拉还在写字母，说明还是学龄前儿童，故选B。
2．(　B　)A.hesitated B．struggled
C．pretended D．refused
解析：句意：当小克拉拉努力写字母的时候，我对她赞不绝口：“你的A太棒了，这个D站得像个战士！但你的E需要更短——让我们重新塑造它。”A.hesitated犹豫；B.struggled努力；C.pretended假装；D.refused拒绝。根据后文“to form her letters, I showered her with praise”可知，此处指克拉拉在努力写字母。
3．(　C　)A.reread B．recycle
C．reshape D．recover
解析：句意同上。A.reread重读；B.recycle回收利用；C.reshape改造；D.recover恢复。根据上文“But your E needs to be shorter”以及后文“She obediently(服从地)erased her work”可知，作者认为克拉拉写的E应该更短，需要重塑，故选C。
4．(　B　)A.brightened B．darkened
C．shone D．softened
解析：句意：她乖乖地擦掉了她的作品，她的眼睛被我善意的“但是”弄暗了。A.brightened点亮；B.darkened变暗；C.shone闪耀；D.softened软化。根据后文“by my kind-hearted ‘but’”以及后文提到作者质疑自己的做法是否会损害孩子的信心可以推测此处指孩子的眼睛被作者善意的“但是”弄暗了。
5．(　A　)A.equipping B．rewarding
C．comforting D．pressuring
解析：句意：虽然我确信我是在帮助她应对学业挑战，但后来我质疑这样的纠正是否会损害她的创作信心。A.equipping装备；B.rewarding奖励；C.comforting安慰；D.pressuring对……施加压力。根据后文“her for academic challenges”可知，作者认为自己是在帮助克拉拉应对学业挑战，equip sb. for表示“使某人为……做准备”。
6．(　C　)A.keep B．reflect
C．harm D．double
解析：句意同上。A.keep保持；B.reflect反思；C.harm危害；D.double翻倍。根据前文“I later questioned whether such corrections might”以及“She obediently (服从地)erased her work, her eyes__4__by my kind-hearted ‘but’．”可知，这样的做法可能会损害孩子的信心。
7．(　D　)A.unwillingly B．unfairly
C．randomly D．rarely
解析：句意：我的丈夫很少做家务，有一次他帮我准备午餐，减轻了我的负担。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.unfairly不公平地；C.randomly随机地；D.rarely稀有地。根据后文“handles housework”以及后文作者夸奖丈夫贴心推测，丈夫很少做家务，所以作者才夸奖。
8．(　A　)A.lightened B．added
C．described D．stressed
解析：句意同上。A.lightened减轻；B.added增加；C.described描述；D.stressed强调。根据后文“my load by preparing lunch”及常识可知，准备午餐减轻了作者的负担。
9．(　A　)A.considerate B．cautious
C．strict D．honest
解析：句意：你真贴心！A.considerate贴心的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.strict严格的；D.honest诚实的。根据前文“my load by preparing lunch”可知，丈夫帮助作者准备午餐，作者夸奖对方贴心。
10．(　B　)A.forbade B．urged
C．permitted D．delayed
解析：句意：他的笑容消失了——这一反应促使我开始分析自己的交流模式。A.forbade禁止；B.urged催促；C.permitted允许；D.delayed推迟。根据后文“me to analyze my communication patterns”可知，丈夫的微笑消失了，这促使作者开始反思自己的交流模式。固定搭配urge sb. to do sth.表示“敦促某人做某事”。
11．(　B　)A.artificial B．genuine
C．legal D．formal
解析：句意：那天晚上，我突然有了一个灵感：用“而且”代替“但是”可以把批评变成真正的鼓励。A.artificial人工的；B.genuine真正的；C.legal合法的；D.formal正式的。根据前文“replacing ‘but’ with ‘and’ could transform criticism into”以及后文“I like your tall letters, and I notice how __12__ you're adjusting the E！”可知，作者想到用“而且”代替“但是”可以把批评变成真正的鼓励。
12．(　C　)A.carelessly B．passively
C．attentively D．generously
解析：句意：我对克拉拉说：“我喜欢你的高字母，而且注意到你是多么用心地调整字母E！”A.carelessly马虎地；B.passively被动地；C.attentively专注地；D.generously慷慨地。根据后文“you're adjusting the E”可知，作者夸奖孩子调整字母E很专注。
13．(　C　)A.broke B．questioned
C．applied D．explained
解析：句意：第二天早上，我应用了语言上的这一小小的改变。A.broke打破；B.questioned质疑；C.applied应用；D.explained解释。根据后文“Clara's eyes __14__ at the double praise; my husband, hearing ‘and your timing was perfect’， embraced me warmly.”可知，作者给了孩子双重赞美，也换了方式夸奖丈夫，说明应用了这一改变。
14．(　D　)A.opened up B．rose up
C．woke up D．lit up
解析：句意：克拉拉听到这双重赞美，眼睛一亮；丈夫听到“你来得正是时候”，热情地拥抱了我。A.opened up开放；B.rose up反抗；C.woke up唤醒；D.lit up喜形于色。根据后文“at the double praise”可知，孩子听到双重赞美应会眼睛一亮，很高兴。
15．(　C　)A.barriers B．exchanges
C．shifts D．traditions
解析：句意：有时候，措辞上最小的变化可以建立起最牢固的理解之桥。A.barriers障碍；B.exchanges交换；C.shifts改变；D.traditions传统。此处呼应前文“this slight linguistic changes”，指措辞上最小的变化可以建立起最牢固的理解之桥。
课时作业4
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·江苏南京二模)
The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term associative learning—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment. Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area. This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders, which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life.
Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups: babies (0－3)， primary school children (6－12)， teenagers (13－19)， and adults. Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks. Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability.
The research team was amazed by the results: “We'd initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age，” says Dr Carolin Konrad. However, there was a clear peak in performance at primary school: “Children at this age achieved the best results, learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior.” Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies, they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children.
It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups. Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions, whereas adults showed minimal progress. This finding highlights the “sensitive period” phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.
The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary. “This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns，” concludes Konrad. “Early identification of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差异。
1．Which is an example of associative learning？(　B　)
A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand.
B.A student works harder after getting good grades.
C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket.
D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ability to connect an event with its consequences—experts use the term associative learning—is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment.” 可知，联想学习是指将事件与其结果联系起来的能力，B选项中“学生因为取得好成绩而更加努力学习”符合这一定义，因为它体现了事件(取得好成绩)与结果(更加努力学习)之间的关联。故选B项。
2．What were the participants required to do in the experiments？(　D　)
A．Identify the relationship between different groups.
B．Watch and record their own performance over time.
C.Assess their learning progress during the sessions.
D.Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks.” 可知，参与者需要通过计算机任务将图片与奖励配对。故选D项。
3．What surprised the researchers about associative learning？(　B　)
A．Adults possessed greater adaptability.
B．Primary schoolers outperformed others.
C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance.
D.Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, there was a clear peak…they didn't reach the performance level of primary school children.”可知，研究人员惊讶地发现，小学生阶段的孩子取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小。由此可知，令研究人员惊讶的是小学生在联想学习中的表现优于其他年龄段的人群。故选B项。
4．Why is the “sensitive period” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4？(　C　)
A．To show learning ability differences across all ages.
B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way.
C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood.
D．To demonstrate the brain's ability to adapt in adulthood.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This finding highlights the ‘sensitive period’ phenomenon—the brain's higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.”可知，儿童时期大脑的高可塑性使知识学习更高效。由此可知，第四段中提到“敏感期”现象是为了强调儿童时期学习的重要意义。故选C项。
(2026·湖南长沙四大名校联考)
France banned smartphones in primary and secondary schools in 2018 to improve focus, reduce social media exposure, and control cyberbullying. Following this, the Netherlands and Hungary introduced similar bans in 2024, while the UK debates comparable legislation. The critical debate centers on whether such bans meaningfully enhance students' mental health.
The urgency is undeniable. A 2021 US Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness among American high schoolers between 2009 and 2019. The number who seriously considered killing themselves went up by 36%. What makes these findings all the worse is that 48% of mental-health problems (like depression and anxiety)that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives.
It is tempting to connect these trends with the increased availability of smartphones, but establishing a causal connection is difficult. The brain undergoes profound changes during adolescence, meaning that any research on the effects of smartphone use needs to consider the developmental age of the children being studied as well as their precise smartphone habits.
Some studies reveal that unfettered (不受限制的)access to social media on smartphones at critical moments when the brain is changing may cause problems. Amy Orben at the University of Cambridge surveyed 17，409 people aged 10－21, analyzing the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction. The findings show that girls who increased their social media use over the course of a year were significantly less satisfied if the increase took place when they were between 11 and 13. Boys showed the same trend when increases took place when they were 14 or 15 years old.
How much of this will change by banning phones in schools is unclear. Victoria Goodyear at Britain's University of Birmingham compared the mental well-being of students in schools that implemented restrictive smartphone policies with those with relaxed policies. She also monitored overall screen time. Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了法国、荷兰和匈牙利等国家在学校禁止使用智能手机的情况，以及这种禁令是否能有效改善学生的心理健康。
5．How is the second paragraph mainly developed？(　B　)
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By listing data.
C．By following time order.
D．By examining differences.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“A 2021 US Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge in persistent hopelessness…for the rest of their lives.”可知，第二段通过列举数据来展开论述。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “plague” most likely mean？(　B　)
A．Improve. B．Affect.
C．Cure. D．Ignore.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“A 2021 US Surgeon General report documented a 40% surge…that emerge during adolescence will plague people for the rest of their lives.”可知，青少年时期出现的心理健康问题(如抑郁、焦虑)会对人生产生长久影响。plague在此处意为 “困扰，影响”，与 “affect”语义最接近。故选B。
7．What can we infer from Orben's research？(　D　)
A．Smartphones cause great harm to teenagers' brain.
B.Ages make a difference to teenagers' understanding of life.
C．Girls are more likely to be affected by social media than boys.
D．Unrestricted social media use leads to a decline in life satisfaction.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings show that girls…when they were 14 or 15 years old.”可知，无限制地使用社交媒体会导致生活满意度下降。故选D。
8．What is Goodyear's attitude to banning smartphones in schools？(　C　)
A.Supportive. B．Indifferent.
C．Skeptical. D．Critical.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her results show that, while those who spent more time on a smartphone overall did have a decline in mental well-being, there was no difference between the two groups. She and her colleagues argue that setting up policies at schools alone is simply not enough.”可知，Goodyear对在学校禁止使用智能手机持怀疑态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·广东名校联盟联考)
The teenage years are marked by intense changes—physical，social，emotional，and developmental—that can be difficult to deal with at times.1(____)As you grow older, conflicts with family often increase, mainly due to the desire for more independence. Peer (同龄人)pressure also plays a major role，as teenagers are more likely to be influenced by friends while testing boundaries and seeking autonomy.
Conflicts during this time can also arise from the intensity of your emotions and your evolving ability to think abstractly. As you work on forming your individual identity, you may become more focused on the world around you, trying to make sense of your own feelings and form opinions on various issues.2(____)As your outlook changes, these struggles may make it more difficult to navigate relationships with family and cope with peer pressure.
While conflicts are a natural part of this stage of life, there are ways to manage and resolve them productively.3(____)By expressing your thoughts and feelings clearly, you can prevent misunderstandings and build mutual respect. Equally important is active listening—understanding others' outlook can help you find common ground and reach a resolution.
4(____)Staying calm allows you to think more clearly and avoid worsening emotions. Techniques such as deep breathing or temporarily stepping away from the situation can help manage intense feelings. Additionally, turning to trusted adults or peers who have faced similar challenges can help you gain practical strategies for managing emotions.
While conflicts are a normal part of growing up, they can also be opportunities for personal development and self-discovery.5(____)
A．Emotional regulation is also essential.
B．The most effective strategy is communication.
C．These conflicts are caused by misunderstandings.
D.With so much going on, it's no surprise that conflicts often arise.
E．This process can lead to internal and external struggles as you grow.
F．Take it positively, and you can resolve conflicts and boost your growth.
G．Recognizing the signs helps you become more aware next time a conflict emerges.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了青少年在成长过程中面临的各种变化以及由此产生的冲突，同时介绍了应对这些冲突的方法，强调了冲突对于个人成长和自我发现的积极意义。
1．D　解析：上文提到青少年时期会经历身体、社交、情感和发展等方面的剧烈变化；下文又说随着年龄增长，与家人的冲突往往会增加，同龄人压力也起主要作用。所以此处应介绍这些变化与冲突之间的关系，D项“由于有这么多事情在发生，冲突频繁出现也就不足为奇了”承上启下，符合语境。
2．E　解析：上文说当你努力塑造自己的个性时，你可能会更加关注周围的世界，试图理解自己的感受，并对各种问题形成自己的观点；下文讲随着你的观念发生变化，这些挣扎可能会让你更难以处理与家人的关系，也更难应对同龄人的压力。因此空处应继续讨论青少年时期人们可能遇到的问题，E项“随着你的成长，这个过程可能会导致内心和外在的挣扎”与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
3．B　解析：上文提到虽然冲突是人生这个阶段的自然组成部分，但有一些方法可以有效地管理和解决它们；下文提到通过清晰地表达自己的想法和感受，可以防止误解并建立相互尊重。因此空处应介绍一种解决冲突的方法，且与沟通有关，B项“最有效的策略是沟通”承上启下，符合语境。
4．A　解析：空处是本段的主题句。下文提到保持冷静能让人更清晰地思考，避免情绪恶化，还介绍了一些管理强烈情绪的技巧。因此本段主要讲的是情绪调节的重要性及方法，A项“情绪调节也至关重要”能概括本段大意。
5．F　解析：空处位于文章末尾，应是对上文内容的总结。上文说冲突是成长的正常部分，也是个人发展和自我发现的机会。因此空处应为正确应对冲突的方法及其可能的好处，F项“以积极的态度看待冲突，你就能解决冲突并促进自己的成长”承接上文，也是对全文的总结。

展开更多......

收起↑