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必修第二册　Unit 4　Exploring literature
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
1．Literature (n. 文学作品)has always been a 2.reflection (n. 反映)of society, capturing the essence of human emotions and experiences. It provides a 3.sensitive (adj. 敏锐的)insight into the depths of the human 4.soul (n. 灵魂)，revealing the complexities of our innermost feelings and thoughts. Every time a new piece of literature is 5.accomplished (v. 完成)and 6.launched (v. 发行)，it brings with it a 7.permanent (adj. 永久的)world that may 8.contain (v. 包含)elements familiar to us or introduce us to entirely new perspectives.
One of the most charming 9.features (n. 特点)of literature is its ability to 10.transport (v. 运送)readers to different times, places, and situations. 11.Therefore (adv. 因此)，it becomes a medium through which we can address various 12.issues (n. 问题)，be it societal norms, cultural 13.gaps (n. 差异)，or personal dilemmas. For instance, a 14.novel (n. 小说)might dig into the complex details of a 15.particular (adj. 特定的)era, highlighting the 16.specific (adj. 具体的)challenges faced by its characters, making it a relevant 17.topic (n. 主题)for discussion.
However, not all literature is meant to be kind or comforting. Some stories present 18.mean (adj. 刻薄的)characters, showcasing the darker aspects of human nature. These tales are often set on the 19.stage (n. 舞台)of real-life plots, 20.describing (v. 描述)the consequences of actions that 21.destroy (v. 破坏)relationships, trust, and even entire civilizations. They serve as a reminder of the battles we face, both internal and external, and the price of 22.defeat (n. 失败)．
In essence, literature is a mirror, 23.reflecting (v. 反映)both the beauty and the chaos of the world we live in. It challenges, comforts, and educates, making it an invaluable tool for understanding ourselves and the world around us.
1 devote vt. 致力，专心，献身
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My teacher cast an inspiring smile at me，saying，“You are so devoted (devote)to your writing that you are condemned to win glory for our class.”
②(2022·全国甲卷)All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting (protect) the ocean.
③The hard-working people brought the city back to life with their selfless devotion (devote)to the city.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④He devoted himself to painting, so he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon.
→Devoting himself to painting, he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Devoted to painting, he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)devote oneself to sth.致力于某事 devote…to… 把……用于……(to是介词) be devoted to (doing)sth. 致力于(做)某事 (2)devoted adj. 全心全意的；忠诚的 (3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚
[写作佳句]　Tom said that such case would in no case happen again and determined to be devoted to study. (读后续写之心理描写)
汤姆说这种情况再也不会发生了，并决心全身心地投入学习中。
2 appeal vi. 有感染力；有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；申诉 n. 呼吁；恳求；吸引力；申诉
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The government is appealing to everyone to save (save)water.
②I want to take this opportunity to appeal for calm among members of our community who may be concerned.
③He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits.
④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as appealing (appeal)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作/一句多译
⑤(2021·全国甲卷)我决心要完美地组织这次主题班会，我写信就哪些中华传统文化最吸引外国人征求你的意见。
Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully, I am writing to ask you for advice on which traditional Chinese culture appeals to foreigners most．(应用文写作之咨询信)
⑥我们呼吁公众为建设一个更好的环境做出贡献。
→We appeal to the public to make contributions to a better environment. (appeal v．)
→We make an appeal to the public to make contributions to a better environment. (appeal n．),
(1)appeal to (对……)有吸引力；上诉；向……呼吁/请求 appeal to sb.for 为……向某人呼吁/请求 appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物 appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳请某人做某事 (2)make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事 make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人恳求/要求 (3)appealing adj. 吸引人的
[写作佳句]　(2024·天津3月卷)Thus, I earnestly appeal to/make an appeal to all of you to do something friendly to our environment and sustainable future.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
因此，我真诚地呼吁所有人为我们的环境和可持续未来做一些友好的事情。
3 determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Now that I have determined to resign (resign)，nothing can change it.
②I have determined on going (go)to the countryside after graduation.
③(2025·全国二卷)Determined to turn (turn)her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Leaving his office that day, I felt a sense of purpose and determination (determine)．
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤She was determined to visit the science museum, so she set off at once.
→Determined to visit the science museum, she set off at once.(形容词短语作状语)
(1)determine to do sth. 决定做某事 determine on/upon (doing)sth. 决定(做)某事 (2)determined adj. 坚决的；下定决心的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地
[写作佳句]　(2025·北京卷)Determined to follow my instincts (本能)on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy.
我决定跟随我对成功的直觉，只选了两门我知道自己会喜欢的课。
4 reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①In summary, your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on/upon how you learn.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I painted a beautiful lake with ducks swimming and trees reflected (reflect)in the water. (活动介绍)
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③我无意中听到父母为家庭开支而争吵，再三思考之后，我拿出钱给了爸爸。
I overheard my parents quarreling about family expenses, and on/upon reflection, I took out the money and presented it to my dad. (读后续写之心理、动作描写)
(1)reflect on/upon 认真思考；沉思 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 (2)reflection n. 反射；反映；思考，沉思 on/upon reflection 经过慎重考虑；经过再三思考
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国二卷)As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes reflecting curiosity and respect.(读后续写之表情描写)
当我说话的时候，我注意到同学们全神贯注的注意力，他们的眼睛里流露出好奇和尊重。
5 contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳；控制；抑制
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself (he)jumping up and down.
②This container (contain)can hold a can of fruit.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③他无法控制自己的愤怒，怒吼道：“到底是谁干的？”
Unable to contain his anger, he roared angrily, “Who on earth did it？”(读后续写之神态、语言描写)
(1)contain oneself 控制自己；自控 (2)container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜
[名师指津]　contain侧重于所含有的数量或成分；include侧重于范围，是整体和部分的关系，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included” 的结构。
6 particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I am not particular about my clothes while my wife minds what I wear.
②(2025·全国一卷)That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly (particular)valuable, didn't belong in a landfill(垃圾填埋场)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你最好行为举止恰当，尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪。
When you attend your friend's dinner party in China, you'd better behave properly, paying attention to your table manners in particular．(应用文写作之建议信)
(1)be particular about 对……挑剔/讲究 in particular 尤其，特别 (2)particularly adv. 特别；尤其
[写作佳句]　Parents and coaches in particular should act as better examples for children. (应用文写作之建议信)
父母和教练尤其应当给孩子们树立更好的榜样。
7 attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The young man was arrested because of an attempted (attempt)robbery.
②(2025·北京卷)In a desperate attempt to escape (escape)the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认)．
③I passed my driving test at the first attempt (第一次尝试)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但这是白费力气。
We made an attempt to/attempted to make out the way back home in the darkness，but in vain.(读后续写之情景描写)
(1)make an attempt/attempts to do/at doing/on sth. 尝试/试图做某事 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 at the first attempt 首次尝试 (2)attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事 (3)attempted adj. 未遂的
[写作佳句]　(2023·浙江1月卷)I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings.Still，she made no attempt to fly．
我去掉了粘在她头上和翅膀上的蜘蛛网。然而，她并没有试图飞起来。
8 confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I can't see how anyone could confuse you with another!
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing (confuse)world.
③He looked at me in confusion (confuse)and did not answer the question.
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused (confuse)．
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤He was confused with the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next.
→Confused with the present situation, he was at a loss what to do next.(形容词短语作状语)
(1)be confused about/with… 对……感到困惑 get confused 感到困惑 (2)confusing adj. 令人困惑的 (3)confuse vt. 使迷惑；混淆 confuse…with… 把……和……混淆 (4)confusion n. 困惑 in confusion 困惑地，不知所措地
[写作佳句]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big deal.
至于贝莉，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。
9 draw on凭借，利用
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Draw from the things you've done right.
②They agreed to establish a working party to draw up a formal agreement.
③Without computers, our life must draw back several decades.
④If we can draw lessons from failure, failure is success.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤你最好加入俱乐部，利用这个宝贵的机会练习英语口语。
You'd better join the club and draw on this precious chance to practice your oral English. (应用文写作之建议信)
draw up 草拟，起草 draw from 从……中获取(经验) draw lessons from 从……中吸取教训 draw back 收回，后退 draw a conclusion 得出结论
[写作佳句]　Knowing how to gather information is important; knowing how to draw a conclusion from the information is more important.
知道如何收集信息很重要；知道如何从这些信息中得出结论更重要。
10 句型公式：be doing…when… 正在做……这时……
(教材原句)A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
一个孩子和一名男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①In the early afternoon, he was planning to go home when a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.
②(2023·浙江1月卷)I was standing(stand)by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering(盘旋)．
③I was about to leave (leave)when the telephone rang.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④房子开始晃的时候我家才刚刚吃完早饭，然后我们听到了一声巨响。
My family had just finished breakfast when the house started shaking and we heard a loud noise.(读后续写之情景描写)
(1)when在此结构中作并列连词，意为 “一……就；刚……就”。 (2)be about to do/on the point of doing…when… 正要做……这时…… (3)had just/hardly/barely/scarcely done…when… 刚做完……就……
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was about to give up/was on the point of giving up when Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.(读后续写之动作描写)
我正要放弃，这时冈特掏出了他的小手机，给一个朋友打了电话。
11 句型公式：完全倒装
(教材原句)Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每本书背后都有一个人， 此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①(2024·浙江1月卷)At the sound of a gun，out of the starting line rushed (冲出起跑线)Eva as well as the other students，their faces brimming with excitement.(读后续写之动作、表情描写)
②Among the goods are (这些商品里有)Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
③Present at the meeting were (出席会议的是)experts from Europe.
④There stands (耸立着)a tall tree on the top of the hill.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤A slogan is on a wall of the classroom, “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
→On a wall of the classroom is a slogan, “Where there is a will，there is a way.” (倒装句)
(1)为了使句子平衡或为了强调，常将表语置于句首。作表语的可以是介词短语、形容词或分词。 (2)完全倒装的其他几种情况： ①here, there等地点副词或now, then等时间副词以及in, out, up, down, away, off等方位副词位于句首，且句子主语不是人称代词时，句子通常用完全倒装结构。 ②“There be/lie/live/stand/remain/ exist…”是完全倒装结构。
[写作佳句]　Among the works are some pictures painted by our art teachers, some of whom are famous in our city.
这些作品中有一些是我们的艺术老师们画的画，其中一些老师在我们的城市很有名。
[查漏补缺]
1．If you fail, it's because there are better things in store for you.
2．The suggestion they put forward at the meeting was of little significance.
3．For example, we had to be sensitive to the child's height or the size of their hand and matched the work to their physical and mental abilities.
4. Of course we ought to do (do)something about providing an extension of unemployment benefits.
5．He has been on the stage since he was twelve.
6．He realized that he was doing it himself, and in a flash he understood the situation.
7．There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
8．Don't care about what other people say. Hold on your own belief，and you'll succeed eventually.
9．(2025·北京卷)Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions.
10．He has started to take on an aged, worn-out look in recent years.
1.ought to modal v. 应该，应当 2．in a flash 立刻，一瞬间，刹那间 3．in store (for sb.)即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)；储藏着 4．hold on 坚持；抓住 5．be of great/little significance 有重大意义/意义不大 6．take on 呈现；表现 7．be sensitive to 对……敏感/体谅 8．lie in在于 9．be capable of 有能力；能够 10．be/go on the stage 当演员
我的收获：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·北京卷)Once a pair has been determined to be (be)suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Also，people aren't willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much confusing (confuse)information online.
3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific (specifically)set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
4．That's the wonder of poetry (poem)—you're always discovering something new.
5．(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting (attempt)to photograph.
6．(2025·全国一卷)After careful consideration, I would choose “Fun at my school”， which I believe will be more appealing (appeal)to our readers.
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing (describe)her life as a physician.
8．We should draw on its advantages and avoid its disadvantages so that we can benefit from the process.
9．To analyze the main features of the park, the researchers code participant submissions into categories.
10．Positive thoughts are inspired thoughts that awaken us to our greater potential.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．appeal
A.vi. 呼吁，恳请　B．v. 有吸引力　C．n. 吸引力　D．vi. & vt. 上诉，申诉
(1)The Beatles have never really lost their appeal．C
(2)She is not satisfied with the decision and plans to appeal．D
(3)Sports have become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.B
(4)(2021·浙江6月卷)I strongly appeal to all the students in our school to make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.A
2．contain
A.v. 遏制　B．v. 包含，含有　C．v. 忍住，抑制
(1)Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain himself.C
(2)More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant.A
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.B
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Work permits were issued to only 5% of those who applied for them.v. (正式)发给，供给
点拨：issue(熟义)n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期。此处用作动词，意为“(正式)发给，供给”。
(2)(2021·北京卷)Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.adj. 新颖的
点拨：novel(熟义) n．(长篇)小说。此处用作形容词，意为“新颖的”。
(3)The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.v. 上演
点拨：stage(熟义)n. 舞台；阶段；步骤。此处用作动词，意为“上演”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，准备参加学校英语写作比赛，你选择的主题是“文学改变人生”，请写出与主题相关的参赛稿件。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①文学是对人类经历的反映，具有改变生活的力量。
Literature, a reflection of human experiences, has the power to transform lives．
②作者的话语包含了深刻的元素，唤醒了灵魂，并弥合了不同世界之间的鸿沟。
The words of authors contain profound elements that awaken the soul and bridge the gap between different worlds.
③无论是一部强调普遍问题的小说，还是一首捕捉特定情感的诗歌，文学都提供了一个背景。
Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context．
④在这个背景之下，读者可以看到他们自己。
In the context, readers can see themselves．
⑤文学对我们周围的世界很敏感，它使我们更有能力理解他人。
Literature is sensitive to the world around us, and it makes us more capable of understanding others．
⑥它的特点是，故事让我们有相似的内心感受。
It features stories that make us have similar innermost feelings．
⑦因此，通过阅读文学作品，我们不仅获得了知识，而且丰富了我们的情感深度。
Therefore, by reading literature, we not only gain knowledge but also enrich our emotional depth．
⑧总之，文学实际上是一种塑造我们的观点、价值观，以及最终塑造我们的生活的工具。
In conclusion, literature is actually a tool that shapes our perspectives, values, and ultimately our lives．
Step 2句式升级
⑨将句③和句④用定语从句连接起来
Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context in which readers can see themselves.
⑩将句⑤升级为现在分词短语作状语的句子
Being sensitive to the world around us, literature makes us more capable of understanding others.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Literature, a reflection of human experiences, has the power to transform lives. The words of authors contain profound elements that awaken the soul and bridge the gap between different worlds. Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context in which readers can see themselves.
Being sensitive to the world around us, literature makes us more capable of understanding others. It features stories that make us have similar innermost feelings. Therefore, by reading literature, we not only gain knowledge but also enrich our emotional depth.
In conclusion, literature is actually a tool that shapes our perspectives, values, and, ultimately our lives.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：尴尬与害羞
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 2．awkward adj. 尴尬的 3．shy adj. 害羞的 4．uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 5．timid adj. 胆怯的 6．embarrassment n. 尴尬 7．shyness n. 害羞 8．awkwardness n. 尴尬
词块 1.turn red/blush 脸红 2．lower one's head/eyes 低下头/垂下目光 3．wish the ground would swallow one up 恨不得找个地缝钻进去 4．avoid eye contact 避免眼神接触 5．glow with embarrassment 窘得满脸通红 6．hide one's inner embarrassment 隐藏内心的尴尬 7．feel one's face burning 觉得脸上火辣辣的 8．feel the blood rushing to one's face 感觉面红耳赤
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．当他在全班同学面前跌倒时，感到极度尴尬。(embarrassed)
He felt extremely embarrassed when he tripped and fell in front of the entire class.
2．房间里尴尬的沉默让每个人都感到非常不舒服且不自在。(awkward)
The awkward silence made everyone in the room feel quite uncomfortable and uneasy.
3．当老师在众人面前表扬她出色的表现时，她脸红了。(red)
She turned red when the teacher praised her excellent performance in front of everyone.
4．当所有人都好奇地盯着她看时，她恨不得找个地缝钻进去。(swallow)
She wished the ground would swallow her up when everyone stared at her curiously.
5．他避免眼神接触，因为太紧张了，一开口就浑身不自在。(avoid)
He avoided eye contact because he felt too nervous and self-conscious about speaking.
任务2　语段表达
When it was Tom's turn to present, he suddenly 1.became very shy (变得非常害羞)and could barely speak clearly. 2.The overwhelming sense of embarrassment (强烈的尴尬感)made him stumble over his words repeatedly. He 3.was glowing with embarrassment (窘得满脸通红)as his classmates watched him struggle. Desperately 4.trying to hide his inner embarrassment (尽量隐藏内心的尴尬)，he continued reading from his notes. Throughout the entire presentation, he could 5.feel his face burning (觉得脸上火辣辣的)with shame and wished it would end quickly.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．literature n. 文学，文学作品
2．sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
3．soul n. 灵魂；心性，内心
4．contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳
5．feature n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征
6．therefore adv. 因此，所以
7．issue n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt. 宣布，公布
8．specific adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的
9．mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
10．stage n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 vt. 上演，举办
11．destroy vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏
12．defeat vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败
二、拓展单词通变化
1．devote vt. 致力；专心；献身→devoted adj. 全心全意的；忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚
2．appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁→appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
3．determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心→determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的→determination n. 决心；决定
4．significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长地→significance n. 意义；重要性
5．description n. 描述，形容，说明→describe vt. 描写；形容；描绘
6．reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n. 反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像
7．capable adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的→capability n. 能力→incapable adj. 没有能力的
8．awaken vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来→awake adj. 醒着的→wake vi. & vt. 醒来；唤醒 vt. 唤起(记忆)
9．universal adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→universally adv. 普遍地；一致地→universe n．宇宙；天地万物；(某种)经验体系
10．particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv. 特别，尤其
11．transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n. 运输；交通工具，运输方式
12．generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
13．poetry n. 诗集，诗歌→poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文
14．extremely adv. 极其，非常，极端→extreme adj. 极大的；极端的 n. 极端；极限
15．straighten vt. 挺直；(使)变直，变正→straight adj. 直的 adv. 笔直地；直接
16．confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse vt. 使困惑/迷惑不解→confusion n. 困惑；混淆
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．earnest adj. 非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
2．butterfly n. 蝴蝶
3．shell n. 贝壳；壳
4．element n. 要素，基本部分
5．author n. 作者，作家
6．upper adj. 上部的；上面的
7．context n. (事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
8．section n. 部分，部门；部件，散件
9．chapter n. 章节；篇章
10．strain n. 用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
11．alongside adv. 在……旁边；与……一起
12．noble adj. 贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
13．weave vi. & vt. (weaved, weaved)迂回行进，穿行；(wove, woven)编
14．flash n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现
四、重点短语明搭配
1．devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身
2．in summary 总的来说
3．draw on 凭借，利用
4．in particular 尤其，特别
5．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
6．be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事
7．be capable of 有能力；能够
8．hold on 坚持；抓住
9．take on 呈现；表现
10．be sensitive to 对……敏感
11．attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
五、教材佳句会运用
1．一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。(be doing...when... 正在做……这时……)
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
2．让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那未被注意到的音乐。(what引导主语从句)
What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.
3．每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。(全部倒装)
Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
4．鱼摆正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上摆来摆去。(with复合结构)
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Orange juice contains (含有)things that can help you keep healthy.
2．Recently, the Tencent Website launched (发动)an online survey on the topic whether science and arts education should be separated.
3．Your question reflects (反映)the fact that many Westerners don't have a good understanding of China.
4．I tried to comfort him after he was defeated (打败)by his opponent.
5．We tried to keep the falling tree from destroying (摧毁)the house.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I straightened (straighten)my tie and walked in.
2．I am incapable (capable)of walking far today because I have had my foot hurt.
3．He has some difficulty summarizing (summary)the points in the lecture.
4．His devotion (devote)to his wife and family is touching.
5．He has been doing part-time jobs for many years and wants to find a permanent (permanence)one.
Ⅲ.选词填空
appeal to; be sensitive to; in store; take on; reflect on
1．We don't know what the future has in store for us.
2．After several years of sandstorms, the land around the lake took on a different look.
3．Working without reflecting on what you have done will lead to your repeating your failures.
4．Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.
5．She is sensitive to what people think of her. Do be cautious not to offend her feelings.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我正在公园里散步，这时一个不寻常的东西引起了我的注意。(be doing...when...)
I was taking a walk in the park when something unusual caught my attention.
2．曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。(what引导主语从句)
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
3．演讲者坐在演讲厅前面。(全部倒装)
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4．随着高考的临近，我几乎把所有时间都花在了学习上。(with复合结构)
With the College Entrance Examination approaching,
I spent almost all the time on study.
课时作业15
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
(2025·河北沧州适应性检测)
Favorite Books for Young Readers
The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble
(For ages 5 to 8)
Everywhere you look in The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses, there's a tiny, precise and lovely detail—a plant, a bird, a lizard, a shell and of course the great horses.This story of a Plains Indian girl who runs away with a band of wild horses, and eventually becomes one of them, won the Caldecott in 1978.The recognition was well-deserved for its insightful portrayal (描写)of the bond between the human spirit and the wilderness.
Hello Lighthouse by Sophie Blackall
(For ages 4 to 8)
Waves roll by, seasons come and go, keepers tend to their duties, and through it all, the lighthouse stands tall, sending its light out into the darkness, signaling hello to all the ships at sea.The Caldecott winner Sophie Blackall does a significant job showing the timeless nature of lighthouse life—and the change that's coming.
The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson
(For ages 6 to 9)
One of the most—if not the most—beautiful books on this list.Kadir Nelson's fancy, photorealistic paintings pair with Kwame Alexander's powerful words for a tribute (致敬)to decades of Black brilliance, pain and perseverance.“This is one of those texts that really spoke to me; it was beautifully written and I felt it was a really great pairing of words and pictures of an author and an artist，” Nelson said.
Harlem by Walter and Christopher
(For ages 9 and up)
This poem by Walter Dean Myers—a revered elder of children's literature—celebrates Harlem, where he grew up, full of “colors loud enough to be heard” and songs first heard in the villages of “Ghana/Mali/Senegal”．His son Christopher's vivid illustrations, part paint and part collage (拼贴画)，don't talk down to kids, instead pulling them into a lively city.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合年轻读者阅读的书籍。
1．What is the focus of the book The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses？(　A　)
A．The girl's strong connection with nature.
B．The girl's artistic talent in drawing horses.
C．The girl's expertise in training wild animals.
D．The girl's close relationship with her family.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble部分的“The recognition was well-deserved for its insightful portrayal (描写)of the bond between the human spirit and the wilderness.”可知，这本书深刻描写了人类精神与荒野之间的纽带，展现了主人公和大自然之间的紧密联系。故选A。
2．Whose book is recommended for 4-year-old kids？(　B　)
A．Paul Goble's.
B．Sophie Blackall's.
C．Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson's.
D．Walter and Christopher's.
解析：细节理解题。根据Hello Lighthouse by Sophie Blackall部分的“For ages 4 to 8”可知，适合4岁孩子阅读的书是Sophie Blackall所著的Hello Lighthouse。故选B。
3．What is special about Harlem？(　C　)
A．It's a historical account of a famous battle.
B．It's a novel describing life in a quiet village.
C．It's a poem featuring the writer's hometown.
D.It's a collection of songs from African countries.
解析：细节理解题。根据Harlem by Walter and Christopher部分的“This poem by Walter Dean Myers—a revered elder of children's literature—celebrates Harlem, where he grew up”可知，Harlem是一首描写作者家乡的诗歌。故选C。
(2025·新疆乌鲁木齐模拟预测)
My graduate education was largely focused on the social and political history of Europe.After I got my PhD, I have become more interested in broadening my view of history to include the power of technology and the relations between humans and the rest of nature.
Medieval Technology and Social Change by Lynn White Jr.was the first book that called my attention to a new field of history.It opened my eyes to the role of technology in human affairs.Until then, my interest in technology had been purely instrumental—how to fix a bicycle, how an airplane stays up in the air, and so on.White's book showed me that technology—the means by which humans use resources for their own ends—was one of the most important, though ignored, aspects of history, one that tells us what determines why some civilizations succeed and others fail.
I hadn't realized the importance of technology in human affairs until I read this book.One good example is when he talks about the invention of stirrups (马镫)for horse riders to keep them stable.This happened in the eighth century, and it meant that they were quicker in warfare because they could still stay on the horse even when they were pushed by a spear from an enemy.This transformed mounted cavalry (骑兵)warfare.Also the introduction of a horse collar (马项圈)in the early Middle Ages made the horse infinitely more useful in agriculture.So it was technology making the horse more powerful and useful.
Today many people think of technology as computers and the Internet, but really technology means those devices that humans have invented to make it possible to do things they couldn't do otherwise—and that could be as simple as the horse collar or a stirrup.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者研究生阶段专注于欧洲社会政治史，获得博士学位后，Lynn White Jr.的《中世纪技术与社会变革》这本书改变了自己对技术在人类事务中作用的看法。
4．How does Medieval Technology and Social Change influence the author？(　C　)
A．It leads him to a narrowly focused area.
B．It fuels his creative inspiration greatly.
C．It enriches his view of technology.
D．It encourages him to get a PhD degree.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Medieval Technology and Social Change by Lynn White Jr.was the first book … one that tells us what determines why some civilizations succeed and others fail.”可知，这本书让作者认识到技术在人类事务中的重要性，丰富了作者对技术的看法。故选C。
5．Why are “stirrups” and “a horse collar” mentioned in the third paragraph？(　B　)
A．To show the development of agriculture.
B．To explain how technology influenced history.
C．To stress the function of horses in the past.
D．To describe the making process of warfare.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“One good example is when he talks about the invention of stirrups (马镫)for horse riders to keep them stable…So it was technology making the horse more powerful and useful.”可知，作者通过马镫和马项圈的例子说明了技术对战争和农业的影响，即解释了技术是如何影响历史的。故选B。
6．What does the author think about modern technology？(　A　)
A．It refers to something instrumental.
B．It consists of creative inventions.
C．It means computers and the Internet.
D．It should include complex tools.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Until then, my interest in technology had been purely instrumental—how to fix a bicycle…and so on.” 以及最后一段“Today many people think of technology…and that could be as simple as the horse collar or a stirrup.”可知，作者认为技术是人们发明的用于实现原本无法做到的事情的工具，即认为技术是工具性的。故选A。
7．What is the author's writing purpose？(　D　)
A．To introduce the history of Middle Ages.
B．To honor an influential historian.
C．To recommend a book on technology.
D．To highlight his insight into history.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了《中世纪技术与社会变革》这本书对作者的影响，改变了其对技术在历史中作用的认识，突出了自己对历史的新见解，即作者写这篇短文的目的是强调他对历史的洞察力。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·河南安阳三模)
I started writing poetry just after hitting my teens.Then I quickly fell in love with the artistry, wordplay, and rhythmic challenge of __1__ poems.
A few years later, it __2__ to me that I should be reading poetry, so I looked at a few books of poetry but __3__ nothing that spoke to me.For years afterward, I __4__ to write poetry but did not read the works of established poets. __5__， I eventually went to college, where I was forced to read poetry and finally found __6__ and poets that resonated (共鸣)with me.
It's not unusual to __7__ young poets who don't read poetry.Some say they don't want their works to be __8__ by other poets, but many have faced the same __9__ I did: they haven't been able to find poetry that they like.
As a young poet, most of the works I encountered were __10__ to me.I didn't care about the topics, and the language felt __11__.A lot of it was form poetry, and I have since discovered that I __12__ free－form.It was like digging down a massive mountain to __13__ a few small, sparkly gems (宝石)．Frankly, it took too much __14__ to find one poet or poem that interested me.
But that was back before the Internet.Nowadays, it's much easier to __15__ the available works of poetry to find the good stuff.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从青少年时期开始写诗的经历，以及后来对诗歌阅读态度的转变。
1．(　A　)A.crafting B．appreciating
C．observing D．reciting
解析：句意：然后，我很快就爱上了制作诗歌的艺术性、文字游戏和节奏挑战。A.crafting制作；B.appreciating欣赏；C.observing观察；D.reciting背诵。根据上文“I started writing poetry just after hitting my teens.”可知，作者写诗，即精心制作诗歌。故选A。
2．(　C　)A.applied B．happened
C．occurred D．referred
解析：句意：几年后，我突然想到我应该读些诗，于是翻了几本诗集，但发现没有能引起共鸣的作品。A.applied应用；B.happened发生；C.occurred想到；D.referred提及。“It occurred to sb.that…”是固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”，且根据后文可知，作者想到应该读诗。故选C。
3．(　D　)A.created B．wrote
C．learned D．found
解析：句意同上。A.created创造；B.wrote写作；C.learned学习；D.found发现。根据下文“nothing that spoke to me”可知，作者发现没有能引起自己共鸣的作品。故选D。
4．(　B　)A.refused B．continued
C．afforded D．pretended
解析：句意：之后的许多年里，我继续写诗却不读成名诗人的作品。A.refused拒绝；B.continued继续；C.afforded负担得起；D.pretended假装。根据下文“but did not read the works of established poets”可知，作者继续进行写诗这一行为。故选B。
5．(　A　)A.Fortunately B．Basically
C．Naturally D．Reasonably
解析：句意：幸运的是，后来我上了大学，被迫读诗时终于找到了与我产生共鸣的作品和诗人。A.Fortunately幸运地；B.Basically基本地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Reasonably合理地。根据下文“I eventually went to college, where I was forced to read poetry and finally found __6__ and poets that resonated (共鸣)with me”可知，作者找到了与其产生共鸣的作品和诗人，这是幸运的事。故选A。
6．(　D　)A.resources B．partners
C．means D．works
解析：句意同上。A.resources资源；B.partners伙伴；C.means方式；D.works作品。根据下文“poets”可知，与诗人并列的应是作品，works特指文学作品。故选D。
7．(　B　)A.admire B．encounter
C．criticize D．persuade
解析：句意：遇到不读诗的年轻诗人并不罕见。A.admire钦佩；B.encounter遇到；C.criticize批评；D.persuade说服。根据下文“Some say they don't want their works…”可知，遇到这类诗人很普遍。故选B。
8．(　C　)A.imitated B．envied
C．influenced D．possessed
解析：句意：有些人说不想让自己的作品被其他诗人影响，但更多人面临着和我相同的困境：他们找不到喜欢的诗。A.imitated模仿；B.envied嫉妒；C.influenced影响；D.possessed拥有。根据上文“Some say they don't want their works to be”以及年轻诗人不读诗这一普遍情况可知，很多人不读诗是不想让自己的作品被其他诗人影响。故选C。
9．(　D　)A.opportunity B．defeat
C．process D．difficulty
解析：句意同上。A.opportunity机会；B.defeat失败；C.process过程；D.difficulty困难。根据下文“they haven't been able to find poetry that they like”以及作者刚开始找不到有共鸣的诗歌和诗人的经历可知，很多人面临着找不到喜欢的诗这一困难。故选D。
10．(　A　)A.irrelevant B．unfamiliar
C．complicated D．adoptable
解析：句意：作为一个年轻诗人，我遇到的大多数作品与我无关。A.irrelevant无关的；B.unfamiliar不熟悉的；C.complicated复杂的；D.adoptable可采用的。根据下文“I didn't care about the topics”可知，作者认为这些作品与自己无关。故选A。
11．(　B　)A.vivid B．outdated
C．accurate D．brief
解析：句意：我不关心它们的主题，语言也显得过时。A.vivid生动的；B.outdated过时的；C.accurate精确的；D.brief简短的。此处与上文“I didn't care about the topics”并列，描述语言风格过时，符合批判语气。故选B。
12．(　C　)A.copy B．hide
C．prefer D．doubt
解析：句意：其中多是格律诗，而后来我发现自己更喜欢自由体。A.copy复制；B.hide隐藏；C.prefer偏爱；D.doubt怀疑。与上文“form poetry”形成对比，说明作者更爱自由诗体。故选C。
13．(　D　)A.polish B．strike
C．design D．unearth
解析：句意：这就像挖穿一座大山才能发掘几颗闪亮的小宝石。A.polish打磨；B.strike敲击；C.design设计；D.unearth发掘。根据上文“digging down”可知，此处对应“发掘”的动作，比喻寻找好诗的过程。故选D。
14．(　B　)A.courage B．effort
C．consumption D．expectation
解析：句意：老实说，找一个让我感兴趣的诗人或一首诗费力至极。A.courage勇气；B.effort努力；C.consumption消耗；D.expectation期望。根据上文“digging down a massive mountain”可知，此处指找首好诗需要大量努力。故选B。
15．(　C　)A.stare at B．turn down
C．scan through D．account for
解析：句意：如今，快速浏览现有诗歌作品来寻找佳作容易得多。A.stare at盯着；B.turn down拒绝；C.scan through浏览；D.account for解释。根据上文“Nowadays, it's much easier”和下文“the available works of poetry to find the good stuff”及常识可知，如今在互联网上很容易浏览诗歌作品。故选C。
课时作业16
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·广西柳州大联考)
Are you an overthinker Unable to make a decision even after over analysing data in enormous spreadsheets Feeling stuck and anxious imagining countless what-if scenarios, like what if my data doesn't pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job
Based on more than 365 interviews with overthinkers, Lison Mage uncovers and challenges the three misconceptions of overthinking that hold you back from reaching your full potential, in your career and relationships.
Backing up her findings with psychological studies and behavioural sciences，Act Before You Overthink offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism.
Act Before You Overthink by Lison Mage critically examines the overlooked and widespread practice of overthinking in nine chapters that explode the three core misconceptions connected to overthinking.The first section of the book explains overthinking, providing detailed situational and behavioral examples.Additionally, it defines what is not considered to be overthinking.Next Mage gives us many examples of overthinking which she categorizes as toxic (有毒的)behavior that is comparable to a mental disorder.
One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated with me was “He who conceals (隐瞒)his disease cannot expect to be cured.” It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them.
The readers can look forward to a wealth of shared narratives and scientific explanations that reflect on the psychology of action and inaction among humans.Each chapter examines an issue related to overthinking.Next, it suggests how the problem can be resolved or prevented and sums up the key points.
Mage is passionate about her message and her earnest tone arrests readers' interest.The book is ideally suited to persons wanting to act responsibly and with less hesitation.Don't wait any longer to get out of your own way! It's time to liberate your mind, improve your decisions, and gift the world your best self.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Lison Mage所写的《先行动，别过度思考》这本书，包括书的内容、特点、引用的谚语以及对读者的意义等。
1．What does the underlined word “scenarios” in paragraph 1 mean？(　B　)
A．Expectations. B．Assumptions.
C．Actions. D．Methods.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“what if my data doesn't pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job”可知，这是对“what-if scenarios”的举例，说明其指设想某些情况发生会怎样，故scenarios意为“设想；假设”，与“assumptions”意思相符。故选B。
2．What is a feature of Act Before You Overthink？(　C　)
A．It uses motivational storytelling.
B．It targets academic researchers.
C．It provides practical strategies.
D．It is packed with abstract theory.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Act Before You Overthink offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism”可知，这本书的特色是提供了应对不同类型过度思考的可行计划和工具，即实用的策略。故选C。
3．Why does the author mention an Ethiopian saying in paragraph 5？(　A　)
A．To stress admitting problems first.
B．To explain the true reason for inaction.
C．To link overthinking to physical illness.
D．To compare culture difference on overthinking.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated with me was ‘He who conceals (隐瞒)his disease cannot expect to be cured.’ It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them.”可知，作者提到这句谚语是为了强调公开诚实地讨论问题很重要，即首先要承认问题。故选A。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？(　A　)
A．To recommend a book.
B．To clarify the definition of overthinking.
C．To honor an outstanding psychology expert.
D.To give a brief account of improving our minds.
解析：推理判断题。文章开篇提出过度思考的问题，接着介绍《先行动，别过度思考》一书的内容和特色，最后鼓励读者阅读以摆脱过度思考，由此可推知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐这本书。故选A。
(2025·安徽皖西七校联考)
I love books.When I was a child, I carried books everywhere, even to the dinner table and class, much to my teachers' pleasure.In my pre-digital childhood, audiobooks barely existed in my world.They were only for long car rides or dull chores like cleaning my room while listening to “American Girl” books on CD.
With the rise of smartphones, audiobooks have boomed—along with criticisms that “They aren't real books” and “listening isn't real reading.” I'll admit, I used to be on the other side of this issue.I insisted audiobooks “didn't count” because they allowed passive listening, and I got annoyed with people when they included audiobooks in “books read” lists.But I've come around since then, both on a personal and on a societal level.
I still believe reading a book and listening to an audiobook are distinct, for they engage different brain processes, each with unique pros and cons.One of my biggest annoyances is spacing out during an audiobook and realizing I have no idea where I stopped paying attention.And I'll always prefer print books (I dislike e-books unless unavoidable)．Yet I've grown to appreciate audiobooks' special strengths: talented voice actors giving characters distinctive voices, or adding melodies to written lyrics.A perfect example is Cary Elwes' As You Wish: Inconceivable Tales from the Making of The Princess Bride, in which he and other Princess Bride cast members narrate.And it's an experience no paperback can offer.
Sometimes I prefer an audiobook.It's the only way to read if I'm on a long drive or if I want to multitask.Sometimes I prefer a print book.I love the way books feel in my hands.I love flipping pages, and I love collecting bookmarks.Engage with books however you want.It doesn't matter whether to buy them, get them from the library, borrow them from friends, or download them online.Don't we have better uses for our time than to pick apart how other people take in information
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对有声读物看法的变化及对其价值的认可。
5．The underlined phrase “on the other side” in the second paragraph means that ________.(　A　)
A．“I” disregarded audiobooks as reading
B．“I” favored audiobooks over print books
C．“I” wasn't interested in traditional reading
D．“I” joined debates on audiobooks actively
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“I insisted audiobooks ‘didn't count’ because they allowed passive listening, and I got annoyed with people when they included audiobooks in ‘books read’ lists.”可知，作者过去认为有声书不算真正的阅读，对其持否定态度，on the other side在此处即指这种否定态度。故选A。
6．According to the author, what is a major disadvantage of audiobooks？(　B　)
A．Lacking physical bookmarks.
B．Losing track of focus easily.
C．Costing more than print books.
D．Reshaping original texts through voices.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“One of my biggest annoyances is spacing out during an audiobook and realizing I have no idea where I stopped paying attention.”可知，作者认为有声读物的一个主要缺点是容易让人失去注意力。故选B。
7．Why does the author mention Cary Elwes' audiobook？(　C　)
A．To highlight the role of the voice actor.
B．To criticize its poor narration style.
C．To demonstrate its unique advantage.
D．To emphasize print books' superiority.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Yet I've grown to appreciate audiobooks' special strengths: talented voice actors giving characters distinctive voices… in which he and other Princess Bride cast members narrate.And it's an experience no paperback can offer.”可知，作者提到Cary Elwes的有声读物是为了展示有声读物的独特优势。故选C。
8．What is the author's current attitude toward audiobooks？(　A　)
A．Objective. B．Indifferent.
C．Critical. D．Skeptical.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“I still believe reading a book and listening to an audiobook are distinct… each with unique pros and cons.”以及最后一段“Engage with books however you want…or download them online.”可知，作者现在对有声读物的态度是客观的。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2025·吉林长春模拟)
Traditional Chinese culture is finding a new life in Chinese science fiction, where writers are mining the past and threading it into a genre(类型)that is 1________ (unique)Chinese.Chinese sci-fi writer, Wu Yan, is among those 2________ (welcome)this trend.
Take his short story “Dad's Sticky Notes”， which 3________ (win)the gold award at the sixth Children's Science Fiction Nebula Awards of China this past May.The story follows an elementary school student Zhu Xiaoguo as he uses time-traveling sticky notes 4________ (travel)back to 2100 BC.Wu combines historical imagination with futuristic styles, drawing richly from Chinese archaeology, wisdom of ancient astronomy, and the long-lasting 5________ (elegant)of architecture.
Wu holds the belief 6________ the deep philosophical roots and imaginative literary legacy (遗产)of traditional Chinese culture offer sci-fi creators 7________ bottomless supply of inspiration.His viewpoint reflects the ideas of other Chinese sci-fi writers like Liu Cixin, 8________ widely popular “The Three-Body Problem” trilogy (三部曲)integrates Chinese historical and philosophical subjects with universal themes of science, survival, and humanity's place in the universe.
Han Song, president of the World Chinese Science Fiction Association, noted that these works address issues like artificial intelligence, space exploration, and the environment from the perspective of human being 9________ a whole.
“They integrate unique thoughts originating from 5，000 years of 10________ (civilize)to reflect current technological revolutions and social transformations through a Chinese lens (镜片)—offering distinctive answers the world longs for，” he said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统文化在中国科幻小说中的复兴，一些中国科幻作家在他们的作品中融入了中国传统文化元素和哲学思想，使科幻小说呈现出独特的中国风格。这些作品还从人类整体的角度探讨了人工智能、太空探索和环境等问题，通过中国视角反映了当前的技术革命和社会变革。
1．uniquely
解析：考查副词。句意：中国传统文化正在中国科幻小说中找到新的生命，作家们正在挖掘过去，将其融入一种独具特色的中国式体裁中。空处修饰后面的形容词Chinese，应用副词形式作状语。故填uniquely。
2．welcoming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科幻作家吴岩是欢迎这一趋势的人之一。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰those，且与所修饰词之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填welcoming。
3．won
解析：考查动词时态。句意：以他的短篇小说《爸爸的即时贴》为例，该小说于今年5月在中国第六届少儿科幻星云奖上获得金奖。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据后面的时间状语this past May可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填won。
4．to travel
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故事讲述了一个小学生朱小果使用时光旅行的即时贴回到公元前2100年的故事。use sth.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。故填to travel。
5．elegance
解析：考查名词。句意：吴将历史想象与未来主义风格相结合，从中国考古学、古代天文学智慧和建筑的长久优雅中汲取了丰富的营养。空处作介词from的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式，elegant的名词形式为elegance。故填elegance。
6．that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：吴认为，中国传统文化的深厚哲学根源和富有想象力的文学遗产为科幻创作者提供了源源不断的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，具体解释belief的内容，从句不缺成分，句意完整，应用连接词that连接。故填that。
7．a
解析：考查冠词。句意同上。空处修饰单数名词supply，表泛指，应用不定冠词，bottomless发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
8．whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他的观点反映了其他中国科幻作家的想法，比如刘慈欣，他广受欢迎的《三体》三部曲将中国历史和哲学主题与科学、生存和人类在宇宙中的地位等普遍主题融为一体。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Liu Cixin，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
9．as
解析：考查介词。句意：世界华人科幻协会会长韩松指出，这些作品从人类整体的角度探讨了人工智能、太空探索和环境等问题。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应填介词，意为“作为”，应用as。故填as。
10．civilisation/civilization
解析：考查名词。句意：“它们融合了5 000年文明中产生的独特思想，通过中国的视角反映了当前的技术革命和社会变革，为世界提供了所渴望的独特答案，”他说。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词形式civilization/civilisation，意为“文明”。故填civilisation/civilization。(共151张PPT)
必修第二册　
Unit 4　Exploring literature
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
1．Literature (n. 文学作品)has always been a 2.reflection (n. 反映)of society, capturing the essence of human emotions and experiences. It provides a 3.sensitive (adj. 敏锐的)insight into the depths of the human 4.soul (n. 灵魂)，revealing the complexities of our innermost feelings and thoughts. Every time a new piece of literature is 5.accomplished (v. 完成)and 6.launched (v. 发行)，it brings with it a 7.permanent (adj. 永久的)world that may 8.contain (v. 包含)elements familiar to us or introduce us to entirely new perspectives.
Literature
reflection
sensitive
soul
accomplished
launched
permanent
contain
One of the most charming 9.features (n. 特点)of literature is its ability to 10.transport (v. 运送)readers to different times, places, and situations. 11.Therefore (adv. 因此)，it becomes a medium through which we can address various 12.issues (n. 问题)，be it societal norms, cultural 13.gaps (n. 差异)，or personal dilemmas. For instance, a 14.novel (n. 小说)might dig into the complex details of a 15.particular (adj. 特定的)era, highlighting the 16.specific (adj. 具体的)challenges faced by its characters, making it a relevant 17.topic (n. 主题)for discussion.
features
transport
Therefore
issues
gaps
novel
particular
specific
topic
However, not all literature is meant to be kind or comforting. Some stories present 18.mean (adj. 刻薄的)characters, showcasing the darker aspects of human nature. These tales are often set on the 19.stage (n. 舞台)of real-life plots, 20.describing (v. 描述)the consequences of actions that 21.destroy (v. 破坏)relationships, trust, and even entire civilizations. They serve as a reminder of the battles we face, both internal and external, and the price of 22.defeat (n. 失败)．
mean
stage
describing
destroy
defeat
In essence, literature is a mirror, 23.reflecting (v. 反映)both the beauty and the chaos of the world we live in. It challenges, comforts, and educates, making it an invaluable tool for understanding ourselves and the world around us.
reflecting
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 devote vt. 致力，专心，献身
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My teacher cast an inspiring smile at me，saying，“You are so devoted (devote)to your writing that you are condemned to win glory for our class.”
②(2022·全国甲卷)All in all, it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting (protect) the ocean.
③The hard-working people brought the city back to life with their selfless devotion (devote)to the city.
A
重难考点
devoted
protecting
devotion
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④He devoted himself to painting, so he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon.
→Devoting himself to painting, he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Devoted to painting, he had absolutely no idea that it was already noon.(过去分词短语作状语)
Devoting himself to painting,
Devoted to painting,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　Tom said that such case would in no case happen again and determined to be devoted to study. (读后续写之心理描写)
汤姆说这种情况再也不会发生了，并决心全身心地投入学习中。
(1)devote oneself to sth.致力于某事
devote…to… 把……用于……(to是介词)
be devoted to (doing)sth.致力于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj. 全心全意的；忠诚的
(3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚
2 appeal vi. 有感染力；有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；申诉 n. 呼吁；恳求；吸引力；申诉
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The government is appealing to everyone to save (save)water.
②I want to take this opportunity to appeal for calm among members of our community who may be concerned.
③He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits.
④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as appealing (appeal)．
to save
for
to
appealing
[能力提升]—— 微写作/一句多译
⑤(2021·全国甲卷)我决心要完美地组织这次主题班会，我写信就哪些中华传统文化最吸引外国人征求你的意见。
Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully, I am writing to ask you for advice on which traditional Chinese culture appeals to foreigners most．(应用文写作之咨询信)
⑥我们呼吁公众为建设一个更好的环境做出贡献。
→We appeal to the public to make contributions to a better environment. (appeal v．)
→We make an appeal to the public to make contributions to a better environment. (appeal n．)
on which traditional Chinese culture appeals
to foreigners most
appeal to the public to make
make an appeal to the public to make
知识归纳
(1)appeal to (对……)有吸引力；上诉；向……呼吁/请求
appeal to sb.for 为……向某人呼吁/请求
appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳请某人做某事
(2)make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事
make an appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人恳求/要求
(3)appealing adj. 吸引人的
[写作佳句]　(2024·天津3月卷)Thus, I earnestly appeal to/make an appeal to all of you to do something friendly to our environment and sustainable future.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
因此，我真诚地呼吁所有人为我们的环境和可持续未来做一些友好的事情。
3 determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Now that I have determined to resign (resign)，nothing can change it.
②I have determined on going (go)to the countryside after graduation.
③(2025·全国二卷)Determined to turn (turn)her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Leaving his office that day, I felt a sense of purpose and determination (determine)．
to resign
going
to turn
determination
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤She was determined to visit the science museum, so she set off at once.
→Determined to visit the science museum, she set off at once.(形容词短语作状语)
Determined to visit the science museum,
知识归纳
(1)determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine on/upon (doing)sth. 决定(做)某事
(2)determined adj. 坚决的；下定决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
(3)determination n. 决心；决定
with determination 坚决地
[写作佳句]　(2025·北京卷)Determined to follow my instincts (本能)on what I felt success means, I only chose two classes that I knew I would enjoy.
我决定跟随我对成功的直觉，只选了两门我知道自己会喜欢的课。
4 reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①In summary, your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on/upon how you learn.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I painted a beautiful lake with ducks swimming and trees reflected (reflect)in the water. (活动介绍)
on/upon
reflected
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③我无意中听到父母为家庭开支而争吵，再三思考之后，我拿出钱给了爸爸。
I overheard my parents quarreling about family expenses, and on/upon reflection, I took out the money and presented it to my dad. (读后续写之心理、动作描写)
on/upon reflection,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国二卷)As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes reflecting curiosity and respect.(读后续写之表情描写)
当我说话的时候，我注意到同学们全神贯注的注意力，他们的眼睛里流露出好奇和尊重。
(1)reflect on/upon 认真思考；沉思
be reflected in 倒映在；反映在
(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；思考，沉思
on/upon reflection 经过慎重考虑；经过再三思考
5 contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳；控制；抑制
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself (he)jumping up and down.
②This container (contain)can hold a can of fruit.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③他无法控制自己的愤怒，怒吼道：“到底是谁干的？”
Unable to contain his anger, he roared angrily, “Who on earth did it？”(读后续写之神态、语言描写)
himself
container
Unable to contain his anger,
知识归纳
[名师指津]　contain侧重于所含有的数量或成分；include侧重于范围，是整体和部分的关系，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included” 的结构。
(1)contain oneself 控制自己；自控
(2)container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜
6 particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I am not particular about my clothes while my wife minds what I wear.
②(2025·全国一卷)That left a house still stuffed with things that, while not particularly (particular)valuable, didn't belong in a landfill(垃圾填埋场)．

about
particularly
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③在中国参加朋友的晚宴时，你最好行为举止恰当，尤其要注意你的餐桌礼仪。
When you attend your friend's dinner party in China, you'd better behave properly, paying attention to your table manners in particular．(应用文写作之建议信)
paying attention to your table manners in particular
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　Parents and coaches in particular should act as better examples for children. (应用文写作之建议信)
父母和教练尤其应当给孩子们树立更好的榜样。
(1)be particular about对……挑剔/讲究
in particular 尤其，特别
(2)particularly adv. 特别；尤其
7 attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The young man was arrested because of an attempted (attempt)robbery.
②(2025·北京卷)In a desperate attempt to escape (escape)the mounting pressure, I falsely confessed (承认)．
③I passed my driving test at the first attempt (第一次尝试)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我们试图在黑暗中认出回家的路，但这是白费力气。
We made an attempt to/attempted to make out the way back home in the darkness，but in vain.(读后续写之情景描写)
attempted
to escape
at the first attempt
We made an attempt to/attempted to
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2023·浙江1月卷)I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings.Still，she made no attempt to fly．
我去掉了粘在她头上和翅膀上的蜘蛛网。然而，她并没有试图飞起来。
(1)make an attempt/attempts to do/at doing/on sth. 尝试/试图做某事
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 首次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
8 confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I can't see how anyone could confuse you with another!
②The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing (confuse)world.
③He looked at me in confusion (confuse)and did not answer the question.
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused (confuse)．

with
confusing
confusion
confused
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤He was confused with the present situation so he was at a loss what to do next.
→Confused with the present situation, he was at a loss what to do next.(形容词短语作状语)
Confused with the present situation,
知识归纳
(1)be confused about/with…对……感到困惑
get confused 感到困惑
(2)confusing adj. 令人困惑的
(3)confuse vt. 使迷惑；混淆
confuse…with… 把……和……混淆
(4)confusion n. 困惑
in confusion 困惑地，不知所措地
[写作佳句]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big deal.
至于贝莉，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。
9 draw on凭借，利用
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Draw from the things you've done right.
②They agreed to establish a working party to draw up a formal agreement.
③Without computers, our life must draw back several decades.
④If we can draw lessons from failure, failure is success.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤你最好加入俱乐部，利用这个宝贵的机会练习英语口语。
You'd better join the club and draw on this precious chance to practice your oral English. (应用文写作之建议信)
from
up
back
from
draw on this precious chance
知识归纳
draw up 草拟，起草
draw from 从……中获取(经验)
draw lessons from 从……中吸取教训
draw back 收回，后退
draw a conclusion 得出结论
[写作佳句]　Knowing how to gather information is important; knowing how to draw a conclusion from the information is more important.
知道如何收集信息很重要；知道如何从这些信息中得出结论更重要。
10 句型公式：be doing…when… 正在做……这时……
(教材原句)A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
一个孩子和一名男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①In the early afternoon, he was planning to go home when a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.
②(2023·浙江1月卷)I was standing(stand)by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering(盘旋)．
③I was about to leave (leave)when the telephone rang.
when
was standing
to leave
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④房子开始晃的时候我家才刚刚吃完早饭，然后我们听到了一声巨响。
My family had just finished breakfast when the house started shaking and we heard a loud noise.(读后续写之情景描写)
had just finished breakfast when
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was about to give up/was on the point of giving up when Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.(读后续写之动作描写)
我正要放弃，这时冈特掏出了他的小手机，给一个朋友打了电话。
(1)when在此结构中作并列连词，意为 “一……就；刚……就”。
(2)be about to do/on the point of doing…when… 正要做……这时……
(3)had just/hardly/barely/scarcely done…when… 刚做完……就……
11 句型公式：完全倒装
(教材原句)Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每本书背后都有一个人， 此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①(2024·浙江1月卷)At the sound of a gun，out of the starting line rushed (冲出起跑线)Eva as well as the other students，their faces brimming with excitement.(读后续写之动作、表情描写)

out of the starting line
rushed
②Among the goods are (这些商品里有)Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
③Present at the meeting were (出席会议的是)experts from Europe.
④There stands (耸立着)a tall tree on the top of the hill.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤A slogan is on a wall of the classroom, “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
→On a wall of the classroom is a slogan, “Where there is a will，there is a way.” (倒装句)
Among the goods are
Present at the meeting were
There stands
On a wall of the classroom is
知识归纳
(1)为了使句子平衡或为了强调，常将表语置于句首。作表语的可以是介词短语、形容词或分词。
(2)完全倒装的其他几种情况：
①here, there等地点副词或now, then等时间副词以及in, out, up, down, away, off等方位副词位于句首，且句子主语不是人称代词时，句子通常用完全倒装结构。
②“There be/lie/live/stand/remain/ exist…”是完全倒装结构。
[写作佳句]　Among the works are some pictures painted by our art teachers, some of whom are famous in our city.
这些作品中有一些是我们的艺术老师们画的画，其中一些老师在我们的城市很有名。
[查漏补缺]
1．If you fail, it's because there are better things in store for you.
2．The suggestion they put forward at the meeting was of little significance.
3．For example, we had to be sensitive to the child's height or the size of their hand and matched the work to their physical and mental abilities.
4. Of course we ought to do (do)something about providing an extension of unemployment benefits.
B
拾遗考点
in
of
to
to do
5．He has been on the stage since he was twelve.
6．He realized that he was doing it himself, and in a flash he understood the situation.
7．There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
8．Don't care about what other people say. Hold on your own belief，and you'll succeed eventually.
9．(2025·北京卷)Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions.
10．He has started to take on an aged, worn-out look in recent years.
on
in
in
on
of
on
知识点拨
1.ought to modal v. 应该，应当
2．in a flash 立刻，一瞬间，刹那间
3．in store (for sb.)即将发生(在某人身上)，等待着(某人)；储藏着
4．hold on 坚持；抓住
5．be of great/little significance 有重大意义/意义不大
6．take on 呈现；表现
7．be sensitive to 对……敏感/体谅
8．lie in在于
9．be capable of 有能力；能够
10．be/go on the stage 当演员
我的收获：__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·北京卷)Once a pair has been determined to be (be)suitable, the students will be contacted individually with a special permission number to register for the programme.
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Also，people aren't willing to change their views about food and nutrition as there is so much confusing (confuse)information online.
3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific (specifically)set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
to be
confusing
specific
4．That's the wonder of poetry (poem)—you're always discovering something new.
5．(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting (attempt)to photograph.
6．(2025·全国一卷)After careful consideration, I would choose “Fun at my school”， which I believe will be more appealing (appeal)to our readers.
poetry
attempting
appealing
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing (describe)her life as a physician.
8．We should draw on its advantages and avoid its disadvantages so that we can benefit from the process.
9．To analyze the main features of the park, the researchers code participant submissions into categories.
10．Positive thoughts are inspired thoughts that awaken us to our greater potential.
describing
on
of
to
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．appeal
(1)The Beatles have never really lost their appeal．C
(2)She is not satisfied with the decision and plans to appeal．D
(3)Sports have become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.B
(4)(2021·浙江6月卷)I strongly appeal to all the students in our school to make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully.A
A.vi. 呼吁，恳请　B．v. 有吸引力　C．n. 吸引力　D．vi. & vt. 上诉，申诉
C
D
B
A
2．contain
(1)Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain himself.C
(2)More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant.A
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.B
A.v. 遏制　B．v. 包含，含有　C．v. 忍住，抑制
C
A
B
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Work permits were issued to only 5% of those who applied for them.v. (正式)发给，供给
点拨：issue(熟义)n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期。此处用作动词，意为“(正式)发给，供给”。
(2)(2021·北京卷)Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.adj. 新颖的
点拨：novel(熟义) n．(长篇)小说。此处用作形容词，意为“新颖的”。
v. (正式)发给，供给
adj. 新颖的
(3)The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.v. 上演
点拨：stage(熟义)n. 舞台；阶段；步骤。此处用作动词，意为“上演”。
v. 上演

维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，准备参加学校英语写作比赛，你选择的主题是“文学改变人生”，请写出与主题相关的参赛稿件。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①文学是对人类经历的反映，具有改变生活的力量。
Literature, a reflection of human experiences, has the power to transform lives．
a reflection of human experiences, has the power to
transform lives
②作者的话语包含了深刻的元素，唤醒了灵魂，并弥合了不同世界之间的鸿沟。
The words of authors contain profound elements that awaken the soul and bridge the gap between different worlds.
③无论是一部强调普遍问题的小说，还是一首捕捉特定情感的诗歌，文学都提供了一个背景。
Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context．
④在这个背景之下，读者可以看到他们自己。
In the context, readers can see themselves．
profound elements
awaken the soul
bridge the gap
highlights a universal issue
captures a specific emotion,
provides a context
readers can see themselves
The words of authors
⑤文学对我们周围的世界很敏感，它使我们更有能力理解他人。
Literature is sensitive to the world around us, and it makes us more capable of understanding others．
⑥它的特点是，故事让我们有相似的内心感受。
It features stories that make us have similar innermost feelings．
⑦因此，通过阅读文学作品，我们不仅获得了知识，而且丰富了我们的情感深度。
Therefore, by reading literature, we not only gain knowledge but also enrich our emotional depth．
is sensitive to the world around us,
it makes us more
make us have similar innermost feelings
Therefore,
not only gain knowledge
enrich our emotional depth
capable of understanding others
⑧总之，文学实际上是一种塑造我们的观点、价值观，以及最终塑造我们的生活的工具。
In conclusion, literature is actually a tool that shapes our perspectives, values, and ultimately our lives．
In conclusion,
actually a tool
shapes our perspectives,
ultimately our lives
values,
Step 2句式升级
⑨将句③和句④用定语从句连接起来
Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context in which readers can see themselves.
⑩将句⑤升级为现在分词短语作状语的句子
Being sensitive to the world around us, literature makes us more capable of understanding others.
Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context in which readers can see themselves.
Being sensitive to the world around us, literature makes us more capable of understanding others.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Literature, a reflection of human experiences, has the power to transform lives. The words of authors contain profound elements that awaken the soul and bridge the gap between different worlds. Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context in which readers can see themselves.
Being sensitive to the world around us, literature makes us more capable of understanding others. It features stories that make us have similar innermost feelings. Therefore, by reading literature, we not only gain knowledge but also enrich our emotional depth.
In conclusion, literature is actually a tool that shapes our perspectives, values, and, ultimately our lives.
Literature, a reflection of human experiences, has the power to transform lives. The words of authors contain profound elements that awaken the soul and bridge the gap between different worlds. Whether it's a novel that highlights a universal issue or a poem that captures a specific emotion, literature provides a context in which readers can see themselves.
Being sensitive to the world around us, literature makes us more capable of understanding others. It features stories that make us have similar innermost feelings. Therefore, by reading literature, we not only gain knowledge but also enrich our emotional depth.
In conclusion, literature is actually a tool that shapes our perspectives, values, and, ultimately our lives.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：尴尬与害羞
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.embarrassed adj. 尴尬的
2．awkward adj. 尴尬的
3．shy adj. 害羞的
4．uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的
5．timid adj. 胆怯的
6．embarrassment n. 尴尬
7．shyness n. 害羞
8．awkwardness n. 尴尬
词块 1.turn red/blush 脸红
2．lower one's head/eyes 低下头/垂下目光
3．wish the ground would swallow one up 恨不得找个地缝钻进去
4．avoid eye contact 避免眼神接触
5．glow with embarrassment 窘得满脸通红
6．hide one's inner embarrassment 隐藏内心的尴尬
7．feel one's face burning 觉得脸上火辣辣的
8．feel the blood rushing to one's face 感觉面红耳赤
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．当他在全班同学面前跌倒时，感到极度尴尬。(embarrassed)
He felt extremely embarrassed when he tripped and fell in front of the entire class.
2．房间里尴尬的沉默让每个人都感到非常不舒服且不自在。(awkward)
The awkward silence made everyone in the room feel quite uncomfortable and uneasy.

felt extremely embarrassed
The awkward silence
3．当老师在众人面前表扬她出色的表现时，她脸红了。(red)
She turned red when the teacher praised her excellent performance in front of everyone.
4．当所有人都好奇地盯着她看时，她恨不得找个地缝钻进去。(swallow)
She wished the ground would swallow her up when everyone stared at her curiously.
5．他避免眼神接触，因为太紧张了，一开口就浑身不自在。(avoid)
He avoided eye contact because he felt too nervous and self-conscious about speaking.
turned red
would swallow her up
avoided eye contact
任务2　语段表达
When it was Tom's turn to present, he suddenly 1.became very shy (变得非常害羞)and could barely speak clearly. 2.The overwhelming sense of embarrassment (强烈的尴尬感)made him stumble over his words repeatedly. He 3.was glowing with embarrassment (窘得满脸通红)as his classmates watched him struggle. Desperately 4.trying to hide his inner embarrassment (尽量隐藏内心的尴尬)，he continued reading from his notes. Throughout the entire presentation, he could 5.feel his face burning (觉得脸上火辣辣的)with shame and wished it would end quickly.

became very shy
The overwhelming sense of
embarrassment
was glowing with embarrassment
trying to hide his inner
embarrassment
feel his face burning
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．literature n. 文学，文学作品
2．sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的；体贴的；敏感的；灵敏的
3．soul n. 灵魂；心性，内心
4．contain vt. 包含，含有，容纳
5．feature n. 特色，特征 vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征
6．therefore adv. 因此，所以

A
默写达标
literature
sensitive
soul
contain
feature
therefore
7．issue n. 重要议题，争论的问题；问题，担忧；(报刊)一期 vt. 宣布，公布
8．specific adj. 特定的；明确的，具体的
9．mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的
10．stage n. 舞台；阶段；步骤 vt. 上演，举办
11．destroy vt. 摧毁，毁灭，破坏
12．defeat vt. 击败，战胜 n. 失败，战败；击败
issue
specific
mean
stage
destroy
defeat
二、拓展单词通变化
1．devote vt. 致力；专心；献身→devoted adj. 全心全意的；忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；忠诚
2．appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n．吸引力；申诉；呼吁→appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
3．determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心→determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的→determination n. 决心；决定
4．significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的→significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长地→significance n. 意义；重要性
5．description n. 描述，形容，说明→describe vt. 描写；形容；描绘
devote
devoted
devotion
appeal
appealing
determine
determined
determination
significant
significantly
significance
description
describe
6．reflect vt. & vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思→reflection n. 反映；思考；(声、光、热等的)反射；映像
7．capable adj. 有能力，有才能；能力强的→capability n. 能力→incapable adj. 没有能力的
8．awaken vt. & vi. 唤起，被唤起；(使)醒来→awake adj. 醒着的→wake vi. & vt. 醒来；唤醒 vt. 唤起(记忆)
9．universal adj. 普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→universally adv. 普遍地；一致地→universe n．宇宙；天地万物；(某种)经验体系
10．particular adj. 特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的→particularly adv. 特别，尤其
reflect
reflection
capable
capability
incapable
awaken
awake
wake
universal
universally
universe
particular
particularly
11．transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 交通运输系统；交通车辆；运输→transportation n. 运输；交通工具，运输方式
12．generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量→generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
13．poetry n. 诗集，诗歌→poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文
14．extremely adv. 极其，非常，极端→extreme adj. 极大的；极端的 n. 极端；极限
15．straighten vt. 挺直；(使)变直，变正→straight adj. 直的 adv. 笔直地；直接
transport
transportation
generosity
generous
poetry
poet
poem
extremely
extreme
straighten
straight
16．confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse vt. 使困惑/迷惑不解→confusion n. 困惑；混淆

confused
confusing
confuse
confusion
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．earnest adj. 非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
2．butterfly n. 蝴蝶
3．shell n. 贝壳；壳
4．element n. 要素，基本部分
5．author n. 作者，作家
6．upper adj. 上部的；上面的
7．context n. (事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
8．section n. 部分，部门；部件，散件
9．chapter n. 章节；篇章
非常认真的；诚实的，真诚的
蝴蝶
贝壳；壳
要素，基本部分
作者，作家
上部的；上面的
(事情发生的)背景，环境，来龙去脉；上下文，语境
部分，部门；部件，散件
章节；篇章
10．strain n. 用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
11．alongside adv. 在……旁边；与……一起
12．noble adj. 贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
13．weave vi. & vt. (weaved, weaved)迂回行进，穿行；
(wove, woven)编
14．flash n. 闪光；闪现 vt. & vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现
用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负
在……旁边；与……一起
贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的
迂回行进，穿行
编
闪光；闪现
(使)闪光；(使)闪现
四、重点短语明搭配
1．devote oneself to 致力，专心，献身
2．in summary 总的来说
3．draw on 凭借，利用
4．in particular 尤其，特别
5．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理
6．be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事
7．be capable of 有能力；能够
8．hold on 坚持；抓住
9．take on 呈现；表现
10．be sensitive to 对……敏感
11．attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
devote oneself to
in summary
draw on
in particular
clear up
be on the point of doing sth.
be capable of
hold on
take on
be sensitive to
attempt to do sth.
五、教材佳句会运用
1．一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。(be doing...when... 正在做……这时……)
A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
2．让孩子为之惊奇的不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那未被注意到的音乐。(what引导主语从句)
What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.
were walking
when
What amazed the child
3．每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。(全部倒装)
Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
4．鱼摆正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上摆来摆去。(with复合结构)
The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air．
Behind every book is a man,
with the great tail
weaving in the air
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Orange juice contains (含有)things that can help you keep healthy.
2．Recently, the Tencent Website launched (发动)an online survey on the topic whether science and arts education should be separated.
3．Your question reflects (反映)the fact that many Westerners don't have a good understanding of China.
4．I tried to comfort him after he was defeated (打败)by his opponent.
5．We tried to keep the falling tree from destroying (摧毁)the house.
B
基础检测
contains
launched
reflects
defeated
destroying
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I straightened (straighten)my tie and walked in.
2．I am incapable (capable)of walking far today because I have had my foot hurt.
3．He has some difficulty summarizing (summary)the points in the lecture.
4．His devotion (devote)to his wife and family is touching.
5．He has been doing part-time jobs for many years and wants to find a permanent (permanence)one.

straightened
incapable
summarizing
devotion
permanent
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We don't know what the future has in store for us.
2．After several years of sandstorms, the land around the lake took on a different look.
3．Working without reflecting on what you have done will lead to your repeating your failures.
4．Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.
5．She is sensitive to what people think of her. Do be cautious not to offend her feelings.
appeal to; be sensitive to; in store; take on; reflect on
in store
took
reflecting on
appealing to
is sensitive to
on
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我正在公园里散步，这时一个不寻常的东西引起了我的注意。(be doing...when...)
I was taking a walk in the park when something unusual caught my attention.
2．曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实。(what引导主语从句)
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
3．演讲者坐在演讲厅前面。(全部倒装)
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
was taking a walk
when
What was once regarded
In the front of the lecture hall sat
4．随着高考的临近，我几乎把所有时间都花在了学习上。(with复合结构)
With the College Entrance Examination approaching, I spent almost all the time on study.
With the College Entrance Examination approaching,
课时作业
返回
课时作业15
课时作业16
课时作业15
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
A
(2025·河北沧州适应性检测)
Favorite Books for Young Readers
The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble
(For ages 5 to 8)
Everywhere you look in The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses, there's a tiny, precise and lovely detail—a plant, a bird, a lizard, a shell and of course the great horses.This story of a Plains Indian girl who runs away with a band of wild horses, and eventually becomes one of them, won the Caldecott in 1978.The recognition was well-deserved for its insightful portrayal (描写)of the bond between the human spirit and the wilderness.
Hello Lighthouse by Sophie Blackall
(For ages 4 to 8)
Waves roll by, seasons come and go, keepers tend to their duties, and through it all, the lighthouse stands tall, sending its light out into the darkness, signaling hello to all the ships at sea.The Caldecott winner Sophie Blackall does a significant job showing the timeless nature of lighthouse life—and the change that's coming.
The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson
(For ages 6 to 9)
One of the most—if not the most—beautiful books on this list.Kadir Nelson's fancy, photorealistic paintings pair with Kwame Alexander's powerful words for a tribute (致敬)to decades of Black brilliance, pain and perseverance.“This is one of those texts that really spoke to me; it was beautifully written and I felt it was a really great pairing of words and pictures of an author and an artist，” Nelson said.
Harlem by Walter and Christopher
(For ages 9 and up)
This poem by Walter Dean Myers—a revered elder of children's literature—celebrates Harlem, where he grew up, full of “colors loud enough to be heard” and songs first heard in the villages of “Ghana/Mali/Senegal”．His son Christopher's vivid illustrations, part paint and part collage (拼贴画)，don't talk down to kids, instead pulling them into a lively city.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合年轻读者阅读的书籍。
1．What is the focus of the book The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses？(　　)
A．The girl's strong connection with nature.
B．The girl's artistic talent in drawing horses.
C．The girl's expertise in training wild animals.
D．The girl's close relationship with her family.
解析：细节理解题。根据The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble部分的“The recognition was well-deserved for its insightful portrayal (描写)of the bond between the human spirit and the wilderness.”可知，这本书深刻描写了人类精神与荒野之间的纽带，展现了主人公和大自然之间的紧密联系。故选A。
A
2．Whose book is recommended for 4-year-old kids？(　　)
A．Paul Goble's.
B．Sophie Blackall's.
C．Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson's.
D．Walter and Christopher's.
解析：细节理解题。根据Hello Lighthouse by Sophie Blackall部分的“For ages 4 to 8”可知，适合4岁孩子阅读的书是Sophie Blackall所著的Hello Lighthouse。故选B。
B
3．What is special about Harlem？(　　)
A．It's a historical account of a famous battle.
B．It's a novel describing life in a quiet village.
C．It's a poem featuring the writer's hometown.
D.It's a collection of songs from African countries.
解析：细节理解题。根据Harlem by Walter and Christopher部分的“This poem by Walter Dean Myers—a revered elder of children's literature—celebrates Harlem, where he grew up”可知，Harlem是一首描写作者家乡的诗歌。故选C。
C
B
(2025·新疆乌鲁木齐模拟预测)
My graduate education was largely focused on the social and political history of Europe.After I got my PhD, I have become more interested in broadening my view of history to include the power of technology and the relations between humans and the rest of nature.
Medieval Technology and Social Change by Lynn White Jr.was the first book that called my attention to a new field of history.It opened my eyes to the role of technology in human affairs.Until then, my interest in technology had been purely instrumental—how to fix a bicycle, how an airplane stays up in the air, and so on.White's book showed me that technology—the means by which humans use resources for their own ends—was one of the most important, though ignored, aspects of history, one that tells us what determines why some civilizations succeed and others fail.
I hadn't realized the importance of technology in human affairs until I read this book.One good example is when he talks about the invention of stirrups (马镫)for horse riders to keep them stable.This happened in the eighth century, and it meant that they were quicker in warfare because they could still stay on the horse even when they were pushed by a spear from an enemy.This transformed mounted cavalry (骑兵)warfare.Also the introduction of a horse collar (马项圈)in the early Middle Ages made the horse infinitely more useful in agriculture.So it was technology making the horse more powerful and useful.
Today many people think of technology as computers and the Internet, but really technology means those devices that humans have invented to make it possible to do things they couldn't do otherwise—and that could be as simple as the horse collar or a stirrup.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者研究生阶段专注于欧洲社会政治史，获得博士学位后，Lynn White Jr.的《中世纪技术与社会变革》这本书改变了自己对技术在人类事务中作用的看法。
4．How does Medieval Technology and Social Change influence the author？(　　)
A．It leads him to a narrowly focused area.
B．It fuels his creative inspiration greatly.
C．It enriches his view of technology.
D．It encourages him to get a PhD degree.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Medieval Technology and Social Change by Lynn White Jr.was the first book … one that tells us what determines why some civilizations succeed and others fail.”可知，这本书让作者认识到技术在人类事务中的重要性，丰富了作者对技术的看法。故选C。
C
5．Why are “stirrups” and “a horse collar” mentioned in the third paragraph？(　　)
A．To show the development of agriculture.
B．To explain how technology influenced history.
C．To stress the function of horses in the past.
D．To describe the making process of warfare.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“One good example is when he talks about the invention of stirrups (马镫)for horse riders to keep them stable…So it was technology making the horse more powerful and useful.”可知，作者通过马镫和马项圈的例子说明了技术对战争和农业的影响，即解释了技术是如何影响历史的。故选B。
B
6．What does the author think about modern technology？(　　)
A．It refers to something instrumental.
B．It consists of creative inventions.
C．It means computers and the Internet.
D．It should include complex tools.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Until then, my interest in technology had been purely instrumental—how to fix a bicycle…and so on.” 以及最后一段“Today many people think of technology…and that could be as simple as the horse collar or a stirrup.”可知，作者认为技术是人们发明的用于实现原本无法做到的事情的工具，即认为技术是工具性的。故选A。
A
7．What is the author's writing purpose？(　　)
A．To introduce the history of Middle Ages.
B．To honor an influential historian.
C．To recommend a book on technology.
D．To highlight his insight into history.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了《中世纪技术与社会变革》这本书对作者的影响，改变了其对技术在历史中作用的认识，突出了自己对历史的新见解，即作者写这篇短文的目的是强调他对历史的洞察力。故选D。
D
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·河南安阳三模)
I started writing poetry just after hitting my teens.Then I quickly fell in love with the artistry, wordplay, and rhythmic challenge of __1__ poems.
A few years later, it __2__ to me that I should be reading poetry, so I looked at a few books of poetry but __3__ nothing that spoke to me.For years afterward, I __4__ to write poetry but did not read the works of established poets. __5__， I eventually went to college, where I was forced to read poetry and finally found __6__ and poets that resonated (共鸣)with me.
It's not unusual to __7__ young poets who don't read poetry.Some say they don't want their works to be __8__ by other poets, but many have faced the same __9__ I did: they haven't been able to find poetry that they like.
As a young poet, most of the works I encountered were __10__ to me.I didn't care about the topics, and the language felt __11__.A lot of it was form poetry, and I have since discovered that I __12__ free-form.It was like digging down a massive mountain to __13__ a few small, sparkly gems (宝石)．Frankly, it took too much __14__ to find one poet or poem that interested me.
But that was back before the Internet.Nowadays, it's much easier to __15__ the available works of poetry to find the good stuff.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从青少年时期开始写诗的经历，以及后来对诗歌阅读态度的转变。
I started writing poetry just after hitting my teens.Then I quickly fell in love with the artistry, wordplay, and rhythmic challenge of __1__ poems.
1．(　　)A.crafting B．appreciating
C．observing D．reciting
解析：句意：然后，我很快就爱上了制作诗歌的艺术性、文字游戏和节奏挑战。A.crafting制作；B.appreciating欣赏；C.observing观察；D.reciting背诵。根据上文“I started writing poetry just after hitting my teens.”可知，作者写诗，即精心制作诗歌。故选A。
答案分析
A
A few years later, it __2__ to me that I should be reading poetry, so I looked at a few books of poetry but __3__ nothing that spoke to me.
2．(　　)A.applied B．happened
C．occurred D．referred
解析：句意：几年后，我突然想到我应该读些诗，于是翻了几本诗集，但发现没有能引起共鸣的作品。A.applied应用；B.happened发生；C.occurred想到；D.referred提及。“It occurred to sb.that…”是固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”，且根据后文可知，作者想到应该读诗。故选C。
C
A few years later, it __2__ to me that I should be reading poetry, so I looked at a few books of poetry but __3__ nothing that spoke to me.
3．(　　)A.created B．wrote
C．learned D．found
解析：句意同上。A.created创造；B.wrote写作；C.learned学习；D.found发现。根据下文“nothing that spoke to me”可知，作者发现没有能引起自己共鸣的作品。故选D。
D
For years afterward, I __4__ to write poetry but did not read the works of established poets.
4．(　　)A.refused B．continued
C．afforded D．pretended
解析：句意：之后的许多年里，我继续写诗却不读成名诗人的作品。A.refused拒绝；B.continued继续；C.afforded负担得起；D.pretended假装。根据下文“but did not read the works of established poets”可知，作者继续进行写诗这一行为。故选B。
B
__5__， I eventually went to college, where I was forced to read poetry and finally found __6__ and poets that resonated (共鸣)with me.
5．(　　)A.Fortunately B．Basically
C．Naturally D．Reasonably
解析：句意：幸运的是，后来我上了大学，被迫读诗时终于找到了与我产生共鸣的作品和诗人。A.Fortunately幸运地；B.Basically基本地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Reasonably合理地。根据下文“I eventually went to college, where I was forced to read poetry and finally found __6__ and poets that resonated (共鸣)with me”可知，作者找到了与其产生共鸣的作品和诗人，这是幸运的事。故选A。
A
__5__， I eventually went to college, where I was forced to read poetry and finally found __6__ and poets that resonated (共鸣)with me.
6．(　　)A.resources B．partners
C．means D．works
解析：句意同上。A.resources资源；B.partners伙伴；C.means方式；D.works作品。根据下文“poets”可知，与诗人并列的应是作品，works特指文学作品。故选D。
D
It's not unusual to __7__ young poets who don't read poetry.
7．(　　)A.admire B．encounter
C．criticize D．persuade
解析：句意：遇到不读诗的年轻诗人并不罕见。A.admire钦佩；B.encounter遇到；C.criticize批评；D.persuade说服。根据下文“Some say they don't want their works…”可知，遇到这类诗人很普遍。故选B。
B
Some say they don't want their works to be __8__ by other poets, but many have faced the same __9__ I did: they haven't been able to find poetry that they like.
8．(　　)A.imitated B．envied
C．influenced D．possessed
解析：句意：有些人说不想让自己的作品被其他诗人影响，但更多人面临着和我相同的困境：他们找不到喜欢的诗。A.imitated模仿；B.envied嫉妒；C.influenced影响；D.possessed拥有。根据上文“Some say they don't want their works to be”以及年轻诗人不读诗这一普遍情况可知，很多人不读诗是不想让自己的作品被其他诗人影响。故选C。
C
Some say they don't want their works to be __8__ by other poets, but many have faced the same __9__ I did: they haven't been able to find poetry that they like.
9．(　　)A.opportunity B．defeat
C．process D．difficulty
解析：句意同上。A.opportunity机会；B.defeat失败；C.process过程；D.difficulty困难。根据下文“they haven't been able to find poetry that they like”以及作者刚开始找不到有共鸣的诗歌和诗人的经历可知，很多人面临着找不到喜欢的诗这一困难。故选D。
D
As a young poet, most of the works I encountered were __10__ to me.I didn't care about the topics, and the language felt __11__.
10．(　　)A.irrelevant B．unfamiliar
C．complicated D．adoptable
解析：句意：作为一个年轻诗人，我遇到的大多数作品与我无关。A.irrelevant无关的；B.unfamiliar不熟悉的；C.complicated复杂的；D.adoptable可采用的。根据下文“I didn't care about the topics”可知，作者认为这些作品与自己无关。故选A。
A
As a young poet, most of the works I encountered were __10__ to me.I didn't care about the topics, and the language felt __11__.
11．(　　)A.vivid B．outdated
C．accurate D．brief
解析：句意：我不关心它们的主题，语言也显得过时。A.vivid生动的；B.outdated过时的；C.accurate精确的；D.brief简短的。此处与上文“I didn't care about the topics”并列，描述语言风格过时，符合批判语气。故选B。
B
A lot of it was form poetry, and I have since discovered that I __12__ free－form.It was like digging down a massive mountain to __13__ a few small, sparkly gems (宝石)．
12．(　　)A.copy B．hide
C．prefer D．doubt
解析：句意：其中多是格律诗，而后来我发现自己更喜欢自由体。A.copy复制；B.hide隐藏；C.prefer偏爱；D.doubt怀疑。与上文“form poetry”形成对比，说明作者更爱自由诗体。故选C。
C
A lot of it was form poetry, and I have since discovered that I __12__ free－form.It was like digging down a massive mountain to __13__ a few small, sparkly gems (宝石)．
13．(　　)A.polish B．strike
C．design D．unearth
解析：句意：这就像挖穿一座大山才能发掘几颗闪亮的小宝石。A.polish打磨；B.strike敲击；C.design设计；D.unearth发掘。根据上文“digging down”可知，此处对应“发掘”的动作，比喻寻找好诗的过程。故选D。
D
Frankly, it took too much __14__ to find one poet or poem that interested me.
14．(　　)A.courage B．effort
C．consumption D．expectation
解析：句意：老实说，找一个让我感兴趣的诗人或一首诗费力至极。A.courage勇气；B.effort努力；C.consumption消耗；D.expectation期望。根据上文“digging down a massive mountain”可知，此处指找首好诗需要大量努力。故选B。
B
But that was back before the Internet.Nowadays, it's much easier to __15__ the available works of poetry to find the good stuff.
15．(　　)A.stare at B．turn down
C．scan through D．account for
解析：句意：如今，快速浏览现有诗歌作品来寻找佳作容易得多。A.stare at盯着；B.turn down拒绝；C.scan through浏览；D.account for解释。根据上文“Nowadays, it's much easier”和下文“the available works of poetry to find the good stuff”及常识可知，如今在互联网上很容易浏览诗歌作品。故选C。
C
课时作业16
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·广西柳州大联考)
Are you an overthinker Unable to make a decision even after over analysing data in enormous spreadsheets Feeling stuck and anxious imagining countless what-if scenarios, like what if my data doesn't pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job
Based on more than 365 interviews with overthinkers, Lison Mage uncovers and challenges the three misconceptions of overthinking that hold you back from reaching your full potential, in your career and relationships.
Backing up her findings with psychological studies and behavioural sciences，Act Before You Overthink offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism.
Act Before You Overthink by Lison Mage critically examines the overlooked and widespread practice of overthinking in nine chapters that explode the three core misconceptions connected to overthinking.The first section of the book explains overthinking, providing detailed situational and behavioral examples.Additionally, it defines what is not considered to be overthinking.Next Mage gives us many examples of overthinking which she categorizes as toxic (有毒的)behavior that is comparable to a mental disorder.
One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated with me was “He who conceals (隐瞒)his disease cannot expect to be cured.” It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them.
The readers can look forward to a wealth of shared narratives and scientific explanations that reflect on the psychology of action and inaction among humans.Each chapter examines an issue related to overthinking.Next, it suggests how the problem can be resolved or prevented and sums up the key points.
Mage is passionate about her message and her earnest tone arrests readers' interest.The book is ideally suited to persons wanting to act responsibly and with less hesitation.Don't wait any longer to get out of your own way! It's time to liberate your mind, improve your decisions, and gift the world your best self.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Lison Mage所写的《先行动，别过度思考》这本书，包括书的内容、特点、引用的谚语以及对读者的意义等。
1．What does the underlined word “scenarios” in paragraph 1 mean？(　　)
A．Expectations. B．Assumptions.
C．Actions. D．Methods.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“what if my data doesn't pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job”可知，这是对“what-if scenarios”的举例，说明其指设想某些情况发生会怎样，故scenarios意为“设想；假设”，与“assumptions”意思相符。故选B。
B
2．What is a feature of Act Before You Overthink？(　　)
A．It uses motivational storytelling.
B．It targets academic researchers.
C．It provides practical strategies.
D．It is packed with abstract theory.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Act Before You Overthink offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism”可知，这本书的特色是提供了应对不同类型过度思考的可行计划和工具，即实用的策略。故选C。
C
3．Why does the author mention an Ethiopian saying in paragraph 5？(　　)
A．To stress admitting problems first.
B．To explain the true reason for inaction.
C．To link overthinking to physical illness.
D．To compare culture difference on overthinking.
A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated with me was ‘He who conceals (隐瞒)his disease cannot expect to be cured.’ It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them.”可知，作者提到这句谚语是为了强调公开诚实地讨论问题很重要，即首先要承认问题。故选A。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？(　　)
A．To recommend a book.
B．To clarify the definition of overthinking.
C．To honor an outstanding psychology expert.
D.To give a brief account of improving our minds.
解析：推理判断题。文章开篇提出过度思考的问题，接着介绍《先行动，别过度思考》一书的内容和特色，最后鼓励读者阅读以摆脱过度思考，由此可推知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐这本书。故选A。
A
B
(2025·安徽皖西七校联考)
I love books.When I was a child, I carried books everywhere, even to the dinner table and class, much to my teachers' pleasure.In my pre-digital childhood, audiobooks barely existed in my world.They were only for long car rides or dull chores like cleaning my room while listening to “American Girl” books on CD.
With the rise of smartphones, audiobooks have boomed—along with criticisms that “They aren't real books” and “listening isn't real reading.” I'll admit, I used to be on the other side of this issue.I insisted audiobooks “didn't count” because they allowed passive listening, and I got annoyed with people when they included audiobooks in “books read” lists.But I've come around since then, both on a personal and on a societal level.
I still believe reading a book and listening to an audiobook are distinct, for they engage different brain processes, each with unique pros and cons.One of my biggest annoyances is spacing out during an audiobook and realizing I have no idea where I stopped paying attention.And I'll always prefer print books (I dislike e-books unless unavoidable)．Yet I've grown to appreciate audiobooks' special strengths: talented voice actors giving characters distinctive voices, or adding melodies to written lyrics.A perfect example is Cary Elwes' As You Wish: Inconceivable Tales from the Making of The Princess Bride, in which he and other Princess Bride cast members narrate.And it's an experience no paperback can offer.
Sometimes I prefer an audiobook.It's the only way to read if I'm on a long drive or if I want to multitask.Sometimes I prefer a print book.I love the way books feel in my hands.I love flipping pages, and I love collecting bookmarks.Engage with books however you want.It doesn't matter whether to buy them, get them from the library, borrow them from friends, or download them online.Don't we have better uses for our time than to pick apart how other people take in information
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对有声读物看法的变化及对其价值的认可。
5．The underlined phrase “on the other side” in the second paragraph means that ________.(　　)
A．“I” disregarded audiobooks as reading
B．“I” favored audiobooks over print books
C．“I” wasn't interested in traditional reading
D．“I” joined debates on audiobooks actively
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“I insisted audiobooks ‘didn't count’ because they allowed passive listening, and I got annoyed with people when they included audiobooks in ‘books read’ lists.”可知，作者过去认为有声书不算真正的阅读，对其持否定态度，on the other side在此处即指这种否定态度。故选A。
A
6．According to the author, what is a major disadvantage of audiobooks？(　　)
A．Lacking physical bookmarks.
B．Losing track of focus easily.
C．Costing more than print books.
D．Reshaping original texts through voices.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“One of my biggest annoyances is spacing out during an audiobook and realizing I have no idea where I stopped paying attention.”可知，作者认为有声读物的一个主要缺点是容易让人失去注意力。故选B。
B
7．Why does the author mention Cary Elwes' audiobook？(　　)
A．To highlight the role of the voice actor.
B．To criticize its poor narration style.
C．To demonstrate its unique advantage.
D．To emphasize print books' superiority.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Yet I've grown to appreciate audiobooks' special strengths: talented voice actors giving characters distinctive voices… in which he and other Princess Bride cast members narrate.And it's an experience no paperback can offer.”可知，作者提到Cary Elwes的有声读物是为了展示有声读物的独特优势。故选C。
C
8．What is the author's current attitude toward audiobooks？(　　)
A．Objective. B．Indifferent.
C．Critical. D．Skeptical.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“I still believe reading a book and listening to an audiobook are distinct… each with unique pros and cons.”以及最后一段“Engage with books however you want…or download them online.”可知，作者现在对有声读物的态度是客观的。故选A。
A
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2025·吉林长春模拟)
Traditional Chinese culture is finding a new life in Chinese science fiction, where writers are mining the past and threading it into a genre(类型)that is 1________ (unique)Chinese.Chinese sci-fi writer, Wu Yan, is among those 2________ (welcome)this trend.
Take his short story “Dad's Sticky Notes”， which 3________ (win)the gold award at the sixth Children's Science Fiction Nebula Awards of China this past May.The story follows an elementary school student Zhu Xiaoguo as he uses time-traveling sticky notes 4________ (travel)back to 2100 BC.Wu combines historical imagination with futuristic styles, drawing richly from Chinese archaeology, wisdom of ancient astronomy, and the long－lasting 5________ (elegant)of architecture.
Wu holds the belief 6________ the deep philosophical roots and imaginative literary legacy (遗产)of traditional Chinese culture offer sci-fi creators 7________ bottomless supply of inspiration.His viewpoint reflects the ideas of other Chinese sci-fi writers like Liu Cixin, 8________ widely popular “The Three-Body Problem” trilogy (三部曲)integrates Chinese historical and philosophical subjects with universal themes of science, survival, and humanity's place in the universe.
Han Song, president of the World Chinese Science Fiction Association, noted that these works address issues like artificial intelligence, space exploration, and the environment from the perspective of human being 9________ a whole.
“They integrate unique thoughts originating from 5，000 years of 10________ (civilize)to reflect current technological revolutions and social transformations through a Chinese lens (镜片)—offering distinctive answers the world longs for，” he said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统文化在中国科幻小说中的复兴，一些中国科幻作家在他们的作品中融入了中国传统文化元素和哲学思想，使科幻小说呈现出独特的中国风格。这些作品还从人类整体的角度探讨了人工智能、太空探索和环境等问题，通过中国视角反映了当前的技术革命和社会变革。
Traditional Chinese culture is finding a new life in Chinese science fiction, where writers are mining the past and threading it into a genre(类型)that is 1________ (unique)Chinese.Chinese sci-fi writer, Wu Yan, is among those 2________ (welcome)this trend.
1．uniquely
解析：考查副词。句意：中国传统文化正在中国科幻小说中找到新的生命，作家们正在挖掘过去，将其融入一种独具特色的中国式体裁中。空处修饰后面的形容词Chinese，应用副词形式作状语。故填uniquely。
答案分析
uniquely
Traditional Chinese culture is finding a new life in Chinese science fiction, where writers are mining the past and threading it into a genre(类型)that is 1________ (unique)Chinese.Chinese sci-fi writer, Wu Yan, is among those 2________ (welcome)this trend.
2．welcoming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科幻作家吴岩是欢迎这一趋势的人之一。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰those，且与所修饰词之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填welcoming。
welcoming
Take his short story “Dad's Sticky Notes”， which 3________ (win)the gold award at the sixth Children's Science Fiction Nebula Awards of China this past May.
3．won
解析：考查动词时态。句意：以他的短篇小说《爸爸的即时贴》为例，该小说于今年5月在中国第六届少儿科幻星云奖上获得金奖。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据后面的时间状语this past May可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填won。
won
The story follows an elementary school student Zhu Xiaoguo as he uses time-traveling sticky notes 4________ (travel)back to 2100 BC.Wu combines historical imagination with futuristic styles, drawing richly from Chinese archaeology, wisdom of ancient astronomy, and the long-lasting 5________ (elegant)of architecture.
4．to travel
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故事讲述了一个小学生朱小果使用时光旅行的即时贴回到公元前2100年的故事。use sth.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。故填to travel。
to travel
The story follows an elementary school student Zhu Xiaoguo as he uses time-traveling sticky notes 4________ (travel)back to 2100 BC.Wu combines historical imagination with futuristic styles, drawing richly from Chinese archaeology, wisdom of ancient astronomy, and the long-lasting 5________ (elegant)of architecture.
5．elegance
解析：考查名词。句意：吴将历史想象与未来主义风格相结合，从中国考古学、古代天文学智慧和建筑的长久优雅中汲取了丰富的营养。空处作介词from的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式，elegant的名词形式为elegance。故填elegance。
elegance
Wu holds the belief 6________ the deep philosophical roots and imaginative literary legacy (遗产)of traditional Chinese culture offer sci-fi creators 7________ bottomless supply of inspiration.
6．that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：吴认为，中国传统文化的深厚哲学根源和富有想象力的文学遗产为科幻创作者提供了源源不断的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，具体解释belief的内容，从句不缺成分，句意完整，应用连接词that连接。故填that。
that
Wu holds the belief 6________ the deep philosophical roots and imaginative literary legacy (遗产)of traditional Chinese culture offer sci-fi creators 7________ bottomless supply of inspiration.
7．a
解析：考查冠词。句意同上。空处修饰单数名词supply，表泛指，应用不定冠词，bottomless发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
a
His viewpoint reflects the ideas of other Chinese sci-fi writers like Liu Cixin, 8________ widely popular “The Three-Body Problem” trilogy (三部曲)integrates Chinese historical and philosophical subjects with universal themes of science, survival, and humanity's place in the universe.
8．whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他的观点反映了其他中国科幻作家的想法，比如刘慈欣，他广受欢迎的《三体》三部曲将中国历史和哲学主题与科学、生存和人类在宇宙中的地位等普遍主题融为一体。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Liu Cixin，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
whose
Han Song, president of the World Chinese Science Fiction Association, noted that these works address issues like artificial intelligence, space exploration, and the environment from the perspective of human being 9________ a whole.
9．as
解析：考查介词。句意：世界华人科幻协会会长韩松指出，这些作品从人类整体的角度探讨了人工智能、太空探索和环境等问题。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应填介词，意为“作为”，应用as。故填as。
as
“They integrate unique thoughts originating from 5，000 years of 10________ (civilize)to reflect current technological revolutions and social transformations through a Chinese lens (镜片)—offering distinctive answers the world longs for，” he said.
10．civilisation/civilization
解析：考查名词。句意：“它们融合了5 000年文明中产生的独特思想，通过中国的视角反映了当前的技术革命和社会变革，为世界提供了所渴望的独特答案，”他说。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词形式civilization/civilisation，意为“文明”。故填civilisation/civilization。
civilisation/civilization

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