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必修第三册　Unit 2　Natural disasters
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Natural Disasters and Their Impact
When a 1.disaster (n. 灾难)strikes, the immediate outcomes can be chaotic. The loud 2.crash (n. 碰撞声)of a building collapsing, the urgent 3.signal (n. 信号)for help, the countless 4.injured (adj. 受伤的)and the rush to the nearest 5.exit (n. 出口)can be overwhelming. The 6.eruption (n. 突然发生)of the volcano 7.scares (v. 惊吓)the people living nearby, causing them to flee in panic.People climb down the 8.stairs (n. 楼梯)，their hearts racing as they 9.roll (v. 翻滚)with the shaking beneath their feet. In a panic, a mother might 10.hug (v. 拥抱)her child tightly, seeking some comfort in the chaos.
Such events often 11.occur (v. 发生)without warning, leaving communities in 12.shock (n. 震惊). After that, 13.conferences (n. 会议)are held to discuss measures to 14.relieve (v.宽慰)people's mood and 15.supply (v. 供应)essentials to the affected areas. The 16.flood (n. 洪水)might have withdrawn, but the damage remains. Homes are 17.downstairs (adv. 在楼下)，and the once familiar 18.destination (n. 目的地)is now unrecognizable. 19.Imports (n. 进口产品)and 20.exports (n. 出口产品)are stopped, affecting the economy. If the 21.location (n. 位置)of the disaster is 22.distant (adj. 遥远的)，it will be difficult for rescue teams to reach the affected area in time. As 23.dawn (n. 黎明)breaks, the extent of the devastation becomes clear, and the need for a systematic 24.procedure (n. 步骤)to manage the crisis becomes evident.
However, humanity always finds a way to rise 25.beyond (prep. 超出)the challenges. As the 26.confirmation (n. 证实)of the disaster spreads, 27.donations (n. 捐赠)pour in from around the world to help those affected.Rescue teams work tirelessly to 28.rescue (v. 营救)those trapped, and aid pours in from all corners. With unity and determination, communities are rebuilt, ensuring that they are better prepared 29.otherwise (adv. 除此之外)for any future crises.
1 signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；表明；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The policeman in the distance signalled to the car to stop (stop)so that the pedestrian could cross the street safely.
②He pushed his plate away and signalled for coffee.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Congratulations again! I knew you had it in you，” he said warmly, signaling (signal)me to take a seat.
④Chest pain can be a warning signal of heart problems.
⑤He signalled across the room to his wife.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥铃声响起，这表示放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲下楼去。
The bell rang, signalling that school was over, and all the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and went downstairs like arrows.(读后续写之动作描写)
(1)signal (to)sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal to 给……发信号；发暗号；示意 signal for… 示意要…… signal that… 表明…… (2)a traffic/stop/danger/warning/distress signal 交通/停车/危险/警告/求救信号
[写作佳句]　The kind man lifted up the injured boy, placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital, ignoring the traffic signals all the way.(读后续写之动作描写)
这个善良的人抱起受伤的男孩，把他放到车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。
2 confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The confirmation (confirm)of the reservation will be sent to your email address within 24 hours.
②(人教版选必二U4)The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming (confirm)that autumn had arrived in Canada.
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed (confirm)in advance.
④It has confirmed me in my decision not to resign.
⑤He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥目前还没有证实转基因材料对食物链有什么影响。
Now it has not been confirmed what effects the GM material has on the food chain.
(1)confirm sth. 确认某事 confirm that… 确认/证实…… It has been confirmed that… 已确认/证实…… It is confirmed that… 据证实…… confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事 be confirmed as… 被确认为…… (2)confirmation n. 确认；证实；证明；批准；确认书 (3)confirmed adj. 确认的，坚定的
[写作佳句]　It is confirmed that obesity often results from lack of exercise and unhealthy diets.(应用文写作之建议信)
据证实，肥胖往往是缺乏运动和不健康的饮食导致的。
3 relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①It's a relief to finish (finish)the project after working on it for so long.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I choked out，“It is your generous assistance and timely guidance that has relieved me of the heavy pressure.”
③Seeing their son came back safe and sound, the couple smiled in/with relief.
④I feel quite relieved (relieve)to see all the flood victims safe and sound.
⑤After taking the medicine, he finally relieved from his headache that had been bothering him for days.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥(2025·浙江1月卷)那人愣了一下，但当他看到那个瘦骨嶙峋的男孩时，他松了一口气。
The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief．(读后续写之动作描写)
(1)in/with relief 轻松地，欣慰地 to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是 It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人宽慰的。 breathe a sigh of relief 松了口气 (2)relieve v. 解除，减轻 relieve sb. of… 减轻某人……的负担 relieve from… 减轻 (3)relieved adj. 放心的；宽慰的 feel relieved 感到宽心
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)To my relief，I made it to the bus station at the last minute.I sighed in relief and broke into a smile.(读后续写之心理、动作和情感描写)
令我宽慰的是，我在最后一刻赶到汽车站。我如释重负，笑了起来。
4 inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)But this highly informed (inform)，well－behaved, and admirable person prevented me doing so.
②It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about his delay in case we got worried.
③(2025·浙江1月卷)If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you will know that there are few better ways to learn new information (inform)than to teach it.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中赢得了一等奖并且在两天之内将有一个颁奖仪式。
I was informed that I won first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.
⑤如有任何进展，请随时通知我。
Please keep me fully informed of any development.(应用文写作之申请信)
(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事 inform sb. that… 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of/about… 通知某人关于……；使某人知道…… (2)information n. 情报；消息；资料 a piece of information 一则消息 (3)informed adj. (事物是)有根据的；(人)有知识的，有学问的 an informed choice 有根据的选择 (4)informative adj. 增长见闻的
[名师指津]　与inform sb. of sth.结构相同的短语还有：
①remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
②rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
③accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
④suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事
⑤warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
5 shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①People were shocked (shock)at his sudden death. It was really a shock to them.
②I came across a piece of shocking (shock)news when I was glancing through the newspaper.
③(2025·八省联考)I managed to find the street the theater was on, but when I turned the corner, I stopped in shock.
④The news of her sudden death came as a shock to her family and friends.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤We were shocked to hear the news that he failed again.
→What shocked us was the news that he failed again.(what引导主语从句)
→He failed again, which shocked us．(which引导非限制性定语从句)
(1)be a shock to… 使……吃惊 in shock 震惊地；休克 be numb with shock 震惊得目瞪口呆 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 come as a shock (to sb.)(让某人)吃惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；吃惊的 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 be shocked to do… 因做……而震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[写作佳句]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Seeing the great mess in the kitchen, the father was numb with shock．(读后续写之心理描写)
看到厨房一片狼藉，这位父亲惊呆了。
6 scare vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared (scare)of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
②(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
③When I first saw a real snake, I was scared to death.
④You gave me such a scare when you jumped out at me like that.
⑤That's the really scary (scare)and depressing thing.
⑥The thief scared the victims into giving him all of their money by threatening to hurt them if they didn't comply.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑦He was scared of snakes, and he fainted at the first sight of one.
→Scared of snakes, he fainted at the first sight of one.(形容词短语作状语)
(1)scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事 scare…away/off 把……吓跑 (2)scared adj. 害怕的；担心的 be scared to death 吓得要死 be scared to do sth./of (doing)sth. 害怕(做)某事 (3)scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)I was scared that admitting my mistake would make my brother angrier, but honesty was the first step.(读后续写之心理描写)
我害怕承认错误会让兄弟更加生气，但诚实是修复关系的第一步。
7 power n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·全国一卷)The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful (power)，but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.
②Most people didn't want him to be in power any longer.
③Could you tell me when the man came to/into power
④Wind power (风能)is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
⑤The power failure/cut (停电)caused the whole city to go dark, and it took several hours to restore the electricity.
⑥She has power over the situation (对情况有控制力)and can make decisions that will affect the outcome.
⑦It's really beyond my power (超出我的能力)to keep my head in that situation.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑧有时一个微笑是如此有力量以至于它给遭受磨难的人们巨大的勇气。
Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
(1)power failure/cut 停电 power supply 电力供应 wind/solar/nuclear power 风/太阳/核能 in power 当权 come to/into power 开始掌权；上台 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 have power over… 对……有控制力/影响力 do everything in one's power 尽力而为 (2)powerful adj. 有力的；强大的；有权威的
[写作佳句]　If you have any troubles, just turn to me. I'll do everything in my power to help you.(应用文写作之建议信)
你如果有什么问题，尽管来找我。我会尽我所能帮助你。
8 curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious)about scientific discoveries.
②She curiously (curious)opened the package to see what was inside.
③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I'm often asked by curious (curiosity)followers how to begin an art journey.
④(2025·全国二卷)Out of curiosity, someone asked about the Chinese characters, so I wrote them on the board.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤He is curious about everything he sees and he often asks his mother many interesting questions.
→Curious about everything he sees, he often asks his mother many interesting questions.(形容词短语作原因状语)
(1)be curious about… 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
[写作佳句]　If you're curious to learn more detailed information about the exhibition，please contact me.(应用文写作之介绍信)
如果你想了解更多关于这次展览的详细信息，请联系我。
9 distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2024·浙江1月卷)To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances (distant)．
②The hotel is distant from the city center, which means that guests will need to take a taxi to get there.
③Farther in the distance, I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
④It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance (与每个人保持一定距离)．
⑤The grocery store is within walking distance (在步行距离之内)from my house.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥据说这座山在远处看时更美。
It is said that the mountain is more beautiful when it is seen at a distance．(读后续写之环境描写)
(1)from a distance (of)从远处 in the distance 在远处 at a distance (of)在(……)远的地方 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离 within walking distance 在步行距离之内 (2)distant adj. 遥远的，远方的；冷淡的 be distant from 离……遥远；远离
[写作佳句]　As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar figure came up to her from a distance．(读后续写之动作、情景描写)
当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处向她走了过来。
10 locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The satellite enables us to calculate their precise location (locate)anywhere in the world.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located (locate)just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions.
③There's a cafe situated (situate)at the north end of the park.
④On the hillside stand (stand)a row of redbrick buildings.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤Guangzhou is located in the south of China and is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.
→Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)be located in/at/on… 位于…… (2)location n. 位置；地点 (3)located adj. 位于；坐落在 (4)situate v. 使坐落于 be situated＋in/at… 位于……
[名师指津]　表示“位于，坐落于”的常见用词有lie/sit/stand。
①基本句型：主语＋lie/sit/stand/＋介词短语
②倒装句型：介词短语＋lie/sit/stand/＋主语
[写作佳句]　Qingdao is an attractive city located on the coast of China.(应用文写作之推荐信)
青岛是一个位于中国沿海的有吸引力的城市。
11 occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Memories with the hummingbird occurred to me when I walked to the blackberry－lined path.
②It occurred to her to phone (phone)the police.
③It comes to me that the occurrence (occur)of the phenomenon is abnormal.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④他正在看电视时突然想到了一个新主意。
→He was watching TV when a new idea struck him．(strike)
→He was watching TV when a new idea occurred to him．(occur)
→He was watching TV when a new idea hit him．(hit)(读后续写之心理描写)
(1)sth. strikes/occurs to/hits sb. 某人突然想到…… It strikes/occurs to/comes to/hits sb. that… 某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。 (2)occurrence n. 发生
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国二卷)It occurs to me that the deadline is approaching, and I wonder if everything is going super smoothly.
我突然想到截止日期快到了，我想知道一切是否进展得特别顺利。
12 run out of 用完，耗尽
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①A child ran across the road and the driver put on the brake suddenly.
②The thief ran away and the policeman ran after him.
③The bus went out of control and ran into a line of people.
④The old man was nearly run over by a car.
⑤The old man gave out a sigh of relief when he finally finished the long journey.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑥如果继续像这样用水，我们很快就会把它用完。
→If we keep using the water like this, we'll soon run out of it.
→If we keep using the water like this, it'll soon run out．
→If we keep using the water like this, we'll soon use it up．
→If we keep using the water like this, it'll soon be used up.
(1)run out 用完，耗尽 give out 用完；停止运行；发出 use up 用完，耗尽 (2)run across 跑着穿过；偶然遇见 run into 偶然遇见，碰到(某人)；(车辆)意外撞上；遇到(困难等) run away 逃跑 run after 追捕；跟踪；追求 run over 碾过，轧过；(车辆)撞倒
[名师指津]　①run out是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等。
②run out of是及物动词短语，其主语一般为人。
③use up是及物动词短语， 其主语一般为人。
13 句型公式：the moment 引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最佳时机。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.
②No sooner had she spoken than she regretted it bitterly.
③I remembered her name immediately (immediate)she'd gone.
④On arriving (arrive)at the station, he found that the train had left.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤他一收到邀请函就接受了参加文化交流活动的邀请。
→ On/Upon receiving the invitation, he accepted it to participate in the cultural exchange activity.(upon/on)
→ The moment he received the invitation, he accepted it to participate in the cultural exchange activity.(moment)
→ No sooner had he received the invitation than he accepted it to participate in the cultural exchange activity.(no sooner…than…倒装句)
表示“一……就……”的常用表达还有：as soon as、no sooner…than…、hardly/scarcely…when…、the minute/ instant…、on/upon＋动名词/名词、instantly/directly/immediately…
[名师指津]　no sooner…than…与hardly/scarcely…when…结构中当主句谓语动词使用过去完成时，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。此外，若把no sooner或hardly/scarcely置于句首，主句要用部分倒装语序。
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)The moment I saw my brother's hurt expression, guilt washed over me, and I instantly regretted my thoughtless decision. (读后续写之心理描写)
一看到哥哥受伤的表情，内疚感涌上心头，我立刻后悔自己轻率的决定。
14 句型公式：as if/though引导的状语从句的省略形式
(教材原句)Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点儿都没有褪色。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She described the destructive typhoon to us so vividly as if she had experienced (experience)herself.
②When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken (break)．
③The girl left the room hurriedly as if angry (好像生气了)．
④He looked about as if in search of something (好像在找什么东西)．
⑤She cried as if her heart could be broken (好像心都要碎了)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥(2022·浙江1月卷)我们讨论了一会儿我的意见，我觉得他怀疑地看着我，好像在说这是多么蠢。
We discussed my opinion for a while, and I felt he was eyeing me doubtfully as if to say how stupid it was．(读后续写之神态描写)
⑦听到家乡发生水灾的消息，玛丽吓得僵住了，好像被钉在了地上。
Hearing the news that her hometown was hit by the flood, Mary froze with shock, as if rooted to the ground．(读后续写之情感描写)
(1)as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导状语从句，也可引导表语从句；引导状语从句时常用省略形式，后面可直接跟不定式、分词、名词、形容词、介词短语等。 (2)as if引导从句中的语气和时态： 陈述语气： 真实或极有可能发生。 虚拟语气： 虚拟现在，谓语动词用一般过去时；虚拟过去，谓语动词用过去完成时； 虚拟将来，谓语动词用“would/might/could/should＋do”。
[写作佳句]　I ate as if there was no tomorrow.(读后续写之动作描写)
我狼吞虎咽地吃着。
[查漏补缺]
1．What's people's reaction to the extinction of this species
2．The fireworks exploded in all directions, lighting up the night sky.
3．It was confirmed by the spokesman that the area was then in rebel hands.
4．He offered to supply her with another ticket free of charge.
5．(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
6．The chemical pollution poses a threat to the population at large.
7．It was natural that a person couldn't keep his (he)head when a terrible disaster occurred.
8．The report took the form of a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial performance in the previous year.
9．The teacher reviewed the test questions in detail.
10．Above all, it is important to remember to always be kind to others.
1.supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.向某人供应某物 2．flood into… 大量涌入…… 3．reaction to… 对……的反应 4．It is confirmed that…确定……；证明……(it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语) 5．at large整个，全部 6．in all directions 朝着四面八方 7．above all最重要的是 8．keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静 9．take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 10．in detail详细地
维度一　单句语法填空
1．Located (locate)in the city center, our school provides easy access to various cultural activities.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative (inform)．
3．(2025·全国一卷)I was shocked (shock)to realize how deeply my actions had hurt my brother.
4．It is vital that we act to stop the destruction (destruct) of the rainforests.
5．He defended me from being injured (injure)at the risk of his life and tears of gratitude flowed down my cheeks.
6．(2025·全国一卷)We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired (retire)in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
8．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hold on to hope.
9．To my relief, the conductor successfully guided the orchestra through the difficult classical piece without any mistakes.
10．It was almost midnight when the fire broke out in the neighborhood.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．supply
A.n. 供应量；补给量　B．n. 生活必需品，补给品　C．vt. 供给，供应
(1)(2024·全国甲卷)Shared bicycles supply a convenient and environmentally friendly choice to people for short－distance travel.C
(2)In that country，there was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.A
(3)It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies．B
2．signal
A.v. 示意　B．v. 发信号　C. v. 标志着，是……的标志　D．n. 信号灯
(1)(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.B
(2)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington，generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.D
(3)In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.A
(4)(2025·北京卷)If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”．C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)The government demanded that the relief should be sent to the flood victims as soon as possible.n. 救援物品
点拨：relief(熟义)n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除。此处意为“救援物品”。
(2)Hearing the words，a great sense of relief flooded over him.v. 使大受感动，充满
点拨：flood(熟义)n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入。此处用作动词，意为“使大受感动，充满”。
(3)It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.adj. 奇怪的；不寻常的
点拨：curious(熟义)adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的。此处意为“奇怪的；不寻常的”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是学生会主席李华，打算邀请科学家Jack来做一个英语讲座，主题是“灾难逃生”，请你用英文写一封邀请信。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我写信是为了真诚地邀请您在我们学校做一个关于灾难逃生的讲座。
I am writing to sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture on disaster escape at our school.
②由于诸如台风和飓风等自然灾害的发生情况不断增加，学生在此类活动中掌握有关(逃生)步骤的知识是必要的。
It's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events, because of the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes．
③了解有序行动的重要性，尤其是在可能发生的奇怪情况下，是可以救命的。
It could be life-saving to understand the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur．
④我们确认，将提供所有必要的用品和工作人员支持，以确保讲座顺利进行。
We confirm that all necessary supplies and staff support will be provided to ensure the smooth running of the lecture.
⑤我们热切地等待您的积极回应，并期待您将给我们带来的见解。
We eagerly wait for your positive response and look forward to the insights you will bring to us.
Step 2句式升级
⑥用given (that)改写句②
Given the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes, it's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events.
⑦将句③升级为现在分词短语作主语的句子
Understanding the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur could be life-saving.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
I am writing to sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture on disaster escape at our school. Given the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes, it's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events.
Understanding the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur could be life-saving. We confirm that all necessary supplies and staff support will be provided to ensure the smooth running of the lecture.
We eagerly wait for your positive response and look forward to the insights you will bring to us.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：后悔与内疚
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.regretful adj. 后悔的 2．guilty adj. 内疚的 3．ashamed adj. 羞愧的 4．regret v. & n. 懊悔，惋惜 5．guilt n. 内疚
词块 1.kick oneself 自责 2．be weighed down by guilt 被内疚压垮 3．eat away at someone 折磨某人 4．a surge of guilt 一阵内疚 5．never let this happen again 再也不让这种事发生 6．overcome one's feelings of guilt 克服内疚感 7．to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 8．with a guilty look on one's face 某人脸上露出惭愧的表情
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．她对自己没有事先通知就贸然辞职的决定深感懊悔。(regretful)
She felt deeply regretful about her impulsive decision to quit the job without notice.
2．关于打碎的花瓶，他对最好的朋友撒了谎，感到非常内疚。(guilty)
He felt extremely guilty after lying to his best friend about the broken vase.
3．她对自己对那位年长的顾客的粗鲁行为深感羞愧。(ashamed)
She was deeply ashamed of her rude behavior toward the elderly customer.
4．由于没能帮助苦苦挣扎的同学，她深感内疚。(weighed)
She was weighed down by guilt after failing to help her struggling classmate.
5．对朋友撒谎后，愧疚感开始不断折磨他。(eat away at)
Guilt began to eat away at him after he lied to his friend.
任务2　语段表达
When Tom realized his harsh words had driven away his best friend, 1.a surge of guilt (一阵内疚)swept through him. He sat alone, 2.kicking himself (自责)for not controlling his temper. With 3.a guilty look on his face (脸上露出惭愧的表情)，he whispered, “I'll 4.never let this happen again (再也不让这种事发生)．” Though he tried 5.to overcome his feelings of guilt (克服内疚感)by writing an apology letter, the regret for losing their bond still 6.ate away at him (折磨他)like a silent storm.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．disaster n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
2．crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi. & vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
3．signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
4．exit vt. & vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开
5．stair n. 楼梯；梯级
6．roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi. & vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
7．hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
8．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续
9．odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
10．occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于
11．conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
12．supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供
13．flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
14．downstairs adv. 在楼下，往楼下 n. 楼下
15．destination n. 目的地，终点
16．import n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt. 进口，引进
17．export n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt. 出口，输出
18．dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi. 开始；开始清楚
19．beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处；在另一边 prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
20．rescue n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救
二、拓展单词通变化
1．injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n. 伤害→injured adj. 受伤的
2．reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi. 反应；回应
3．confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n. 证实；证明书；确认书
4．relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt. 减轻，缓和
5．inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知→information n. 信息→informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的
6．shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 震惊的
7．scare vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的→scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
8．donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n. 捐赠→donor n. 捐赠者
9．curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n. 求知欲，好奇心→curiously adv. 好奇地，奇怪地
10．distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj. 遥远的；远处的
11．locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→location n. 位置；地点→located adj. 位于；坐落在
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．bubble n. 泡沫，泡，气泡
2．staff n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt. 在……工作，任职于
3．charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
4．ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的
5．slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
6．document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
7．cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
8．pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
四、重点短语明搭配
1．at large 整个，全部
2．safe and sound 安然无恙的
3．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
4．run out of 用完，耗尽
5．break out 突然开始，爆发
6．far and wide 到处，各处
7．to one's relief 让某人宽慰的是
8．flood in 涌入
9．in all directions 朝着四面八方
10．in the distance 在远处
五、教材佳句会运用
1．晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最佳时机。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
2．你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.
3．飓风一定造成了很大的损失和苦难。(情态动词＋have done)
The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Thrilled at the success they've achieved, the team members cheered and hugged (拥抱)each other excitedly.
2．The plane crashed (撞击)into the mountain, but the pilot managed to survive.
3．She exchanged a concerned glance with me and tears rolled (滚下)down.
4．China tea has been exported (出口)to many countries.
5．There is a wide variety of patterns (花样；图案)to choose from.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The expert refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information (inform)．
2．It took quite a long time for the little girl to recover from her leg injury (injure)．
3．The terrible accident occurred (occur)in this street the other day.
4．(2025·全国一卷)Seeing my brother's relieved (relieve)expression, I felt a sense of ease wash over me, knowing our relationship would heal.
5．I was doubly attracted to the house by its size and its location (locate).
Ⅲ.选词填空
far and wide; in case; take the form of; keep one's head; safe and sound
1．Though their car broke down halfway, they came back home safe and sound．
2．The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
3．The housewife kept her head and telephoned the fire department immediately.
4．Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spreads far and wide．
5．His works usually take the form of poetry, which makes him distinguished from other writers.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．玛丽一进屋我就认出了她。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
I recognized Mary the moment she entered the room．
2．正如所报道的，吸烟者的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
3．你本来可以做得更好，但你没尽你最大的努力。(情态动词＋have done)
You could/might have done better, but you didn't try your best.
课时作业19
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·江西南昌模拟)
Annie Smith，32, went into labor as floodwaters from Hurricane Harvey surrounded her apartment. With the roads underwater, the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible. Annie and her husband，Greg，both doctors, began preparing for a home birth.
Greg rushed to gather supplies—scissors, sewing needles—while his mother boiled water to sterilize (消毒)them.“I'm really starting to get scared now，” Annie told Greg as the reality set in. A neighbor, checking on the Smiths, sent an email to their apartment complex's message board asking for help. Within 30 minutes, at least 15 people showed up, including medical trainees from the complex.
Meanwhile, the couple had been continuously dialing 911 but never got an answer. Finally, a call to the director of Annie's fellowship program led to action. The director's father, who lived near a fire station, walked there to explain the situation.
Around noon, a rescue truck arrived. By then，the water had reached to a formidable level that the vehicle couldn't get close. The Smiths' neighbors and firefighters formed a human chain to help Annie Smith to the back of the flatbed truck.“I held onto them one person at a time，” Annie Smith said, moving on her hands and knees along their arms until she reached the ladder safely. She sat on a blanket in the truck, a shower curtain over her head, as they drove through the flood. The Smiths arrived at Texas Children's Hospital about 15 minutes later. An hour later, their daughter Adrielle was born, weighing 7 pounds and 6 ounces. The couple, exhausted but relieved，appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid. “It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us，” Annie said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Annie Smith即将分娩却因洪水无法前往医院，邻居、同事和消防员协作助其脱险并成功分娩，Annie Smith 非常感激大家的帮助。
1．Why did the Smiths at first prepare for a home birth？(　A　)
A．The hospital was inaccessible.
B．Drivers were hard to reach.
C．They were suggested by doctors.
D．The emergency services were off duty.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“With the roads underwater, the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible.”可知，道路被水淹没，开车两英里去医院是不可能的。故选A。
2．Who played a crucial role in calling the rescue truck？(　D　)
A．A neighbor. B．Greg's mother.
C．A medical trainee. D．The director's father.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Finally, a call to the director…The director's father…walked there to explain the situation.”和第四段中的“Around noon, a rescue truck arrived.”可知，最后，给Annie所在的奖学金项目负责人打了一通电话后，事情有了转机。负责人的父亲住在一个消防站附近，他走到那里去说明了情况。大约中午时分，一辆救援车抵达。所以是负责人的父亲在叫救援车这一事件中发挥了重要作用。故选D。
3．What does the underlined word“formidable”in paragraph 4 mean？(　A　)
A．Scary.　　 B．Awesome.
C．Average.　　 D．Normal.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“the vehicle couldn't get close”可知，救援车无法靠近，所以当时的水位已经达到了一个很高的、让人害怕的水平。故选A。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？(　C　)
A．To record an unforgettable disaster.
B．To remember the respected firemen.
C．To praise the love within the community.
D．To raise funds for Annie's fellowship program.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第四段的“It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us”可知，Annie Smith 遇到困难，但是她的邻居、同事和消防员这么多人帮助她。所以可以推测，作者写这篇文章是为了赞扬社区里的爱。故选C。
(2025·山东枣庄二模)
As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property. But according to a recent study in University of Michigan, nearly half of the young people surveyed on disaster preparedness showed they lack readiness for any type of disaster event during a period when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent.
Surveying 1，083 individuals aged 14 to 24 through text messaging, the University's My Voice project brought to the forefront the attitudes young people hold regarding disaster preparedness. Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people disclosed having no readiness planning in potential disasters, with finances and lack of resources being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness.
“While respondents felt there were actions they could take now to prepare for a future disaster, some were unsure of the most effective readiness approaches they and their communities could take，” said Katherine Kruger, lead author and a Ph.D.student at the U-M School of Nursing.
“Youth are significant stakeholders in developing strategies to be ready for disaster and their insights can lead to policy development，” Kruger added. Inclusion of young individuals in readiness planning is crucial. They provide unique perspectives that can greatly enhance strategies designed to boost resilience (适应力)both at the individual and community levels.
The study's findings highlight an opportunity to engage youth in readiness efforts that empower them and strengthen the larger emergency management framework. Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.
“Our research underscores the need for including young people as key stakeholders in disaster preparedness，” Kruger said. “As highlighted by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction's Youth Engagement Action Plan, their active contribution is indispensable.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用密歇根大学的一项研究，阐述了年轻人在灾害防范方面的态度、现状以及让他们参与灾害防范的重要性。
5．What makes disaster preparedness vital？(　C　)
A．The changing lifestyle of the youth.
B．The loss of natural resources.
C．The rising risks of climate change.
D．The lack of safety awareness.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property.”可知，由于气候变化持续成为导致灾害事件发生频率和强度增加的一个因素，所以及时且有效的防灾能够拯救生命并保护财产，即气候变化带来的风险上升使得灾害防范变得至关重要。故选C。
6．What are nearly half of young people surveyed like？(　A　)
A．Unprepared. B．Dismissive.
C．Confident. D．Fearful.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“But according to a recent study in University of Michigan…when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent.”以及第二段“Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people…being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness.”可知，在接受调查的年轻人中，近一半的人对于任何类型的灾害事件都缺乏准备，47%的年轻人表示对于潜在的灾害没有制订防范计划。由此推知，近一半接受调查的年轻人是毫无准备的。故选A。
7．Why is young people's involvement crucial？(　A　)
A．They are creative. B．They are innocent.
C．They are sociable. D．They are ambitious.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“They provide unique perspectives…and community levels.”以及第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”可知，年轻人在制定应对灾害的策略方面能提供独特的见解，且他们的创新和沟通能力是灾害应对和恢复中的宝贵财富。由此推知，年轻人的参与至关重要是因为他们富有创造力。故选A。
8．What does the underlined word “underscores” mean in the last paragraph？(　D　)
A．Discovers. B．Argues.
C．Advocates. D．Emphasizes.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”可知，年轻人在灾害防范中很重要。由此推知，研究应该是“强调了”让年轻人参与灾害防范的必要性，画线词与“emphasizes”同义。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·吉林长春二模)
Siberia is a huge region of Russia famous for its severe winters. Tom was trying to cycle across it on a freezing cold day. Everyone had told him it was a __1__ idea. Maybe they were right…
Tom was so cold that he was trembling. He was __2__，so he was going faster and faster. Trees passed in a blur(模糊形状)．He couldn't stop. This was going to end __3__.It was supposed to have been fun! But this was not fun at all.
Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow. His __5__ could not make him come to a stop. All he could do was __6__ tight! Waiting for the crash was almost worse than the crash itself.
Tom had no choice but to scream in the __7__ of winter.
“Aaaaagggghhhhhhhh! Help！”
But nobody could help. Nobody even __8__ his scream. Tom was alone. He was hundreds of miles from the __9__ human.
CRASH!
Tom __10__ face down in a snowdrift(雪堆)．For a minute or two，he did not move. He was not sure whether he was __11__ or not. Then slowly，Tom moved his toes. Then his fingers. Then his nose. Everything seemed to be in __12__.
The snow had cushioned(缓冲)his __13__. Tom was OK. But lying face down in the freezing snow was not a nice feeling，so Tom slowly __14__ himself upright.
“Maybe I am really out of sense. Everyone says I am. I'm out here，in the middle of nowhere，on my own，on a bike，in the middle of winter. I've crashed on every __15__ that I've ridden down today. This is stupid，but it's brilliant！”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Tom在寒冷的冬天试图骑行穿越西伯利亚，骑行过程中因害怕而加速，失控后冲下山坡撞进雪堆，之后发现自己并无大碍。Tom感慨自己的行为既愚蠢又精彩。
1．(　C　)A.good　　 B．new
C．crazy　　 D．unique
解析：根据上文可知，西伯利亚以严冬著称，Tom在寒冷的一天试图骑行穿越它。结合常识可知大家都觉得他的这个想法是疯狂的，故选C。crazy“不理智的，疯狂的”；unique“唯一的，独一无二的”。
2．(　D　)A.heartbroken　　 B．iron-willed
C．tongue-tied　　 D．fright-bitten
解析：上文说Tom太冷了，以至于他都发抖了；下文说Tom加速骑行且无法停下来，再结合常识可知他是因为害怕而加速，故选D。heartbroken“心碎的”； iron-willed“意志坚强的”；tongue-tied“(因害羞或紧张)张口结舌的，说不出话来的”；fright-bitten “受惊吓的”。
3．(　C　)A.smoothly　　 B．suddenly
C．badly　　 D．peacefully
解析：根据上文信息可知，Tom加速骑行，且无法停下来，所以这种情况最终会以糟糕的结局结束，故选C。smoothly“顺利地”；badly“糟糕地”；peacefully“平静地”。
4．(　B　)A.climbing　　 B．flying
C．skiing　　 D．driving
解析：根据“Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow.”可知，Tom在深雪中以最快速度冲下一个大山坡，flying能形象地描述他此时快速冲下山坡的状态，故选B。
5．(　D　)A.fears　　 B．feet
C．screams　　 D．brakes
解析：根据上文可知，他在深雪中快速冲下山坡；再结合常识可知，此时应该是刹车无法让他停下来。brakes“刹车”符合语境，故选D。
6．(　A　)A.hang on　　 B．shut up
C．lie down　　 D．look round
解析：根据上文可知，他无法停下来；再根据常识可知，他此时只能紧紧抓住自行车，hang on“紧紧抓住”符合语境，故选A。shut up“闭嘴”； lie down“躺下”； look round“环顾四周”。
7．(　B　)A.eyes　　 B．teeth
C．head　　 D．back
解析：这里表示Tom在寒冷的冬天里别无选择只能尖叫， in the teeth of是固定搭配，意为“顶着……，冒着……”，故选B。
8．(　B　)A.recalled　　 B．caught
C．followed　　 D．recognized
解析：根据上文可知，没人能帮助他；根据下文可知，Tom独自一人。所以此处是指甚至没人听到他的尖叫，故选B。catch one's scream表示“听到某人的尖叫”。recall “回忆起，回想起”；follow“接受，遵循，跟随”；recognize“认识，认出”。
9．(　A　)A.nearest　　 B．kindest
C．strongest　　 D．poorest
解析：根据上文的“nobody could help”和“Tom was alone.”可知，没人能帮助Tom，Tom离最近的人也有数百英里远。故选A。
10．(　C　)A.pushed　　 B．stood
C．landed　　 D．slid
解析：根据上文可知，Tom从大山坡上冲下来了；结合上一段“CRASH！”可知，他摔倒了，然后脸朝下落在雪堆里。land“落下，跌落”符合语境，故选C。
11．(　D　)A.energetic　　 B．awake
C．healthy　　 D．broken
解析：根据 “For a minute or two, he did not move…Then his fingers. Then his nose.”可知，他有一两分钟没动，不确定自己是否受伤了，然后慢慢动了动脚趾、手指和鼻子。broken“破损的，伤残的”符合语境，故选D。energetic“精力充沛的，充满活力的”；awake“醒着的”；healthy“健康的”。
12．(　A　)A.place　　 B．touch
C．trouble　　 D．sight
解析：这里表示他检查后发现自己身体各部分似乎都完好无损， in place是固定搭配，意为“在正确位置”，故选A。 in touch“保持联系”；in trouble“处于困境中”；in sight“在视线范围内”。
13．(　A　)A.fall　　 B．jump
C．dig　　 D．rub
解析：根据上文可知，Tom以最快速度从大山坡上冲下来，所以此处是指雪缓冲了他的坠落，故选A。dig“挖(土)，掘(地)”；rub“擦，揉”。
14．(　C　)A.dressed　　 B．hurt
C．pulled　　 D．behaved
解析：根据语境和常识可知，脸朝下趴在冰冷的雪地里感觉不好，所以Tom慢慢地站起来，故选C。dress“给(某人)穿衣服”；hurt“伤害”；behave“表现”。
15．(　D　)A.snowdrift　　 B．bike
C．road　　 D．hill
解析：根据上文的“He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow.”可知，他是从山坡上冲下来然后摔倒的，所以这里是说他今天每骑一个山坡就摔倒一次，故选D。
课时作业20
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2026·湖北恩施高中等三校联考)
Gliding (滑行)down the Tambopata River in the Peruvian Amazon, I understand the luxury of being on a boat at night in the jungle. The air is thick with 35℃ heat and 99 percent humidity (湿度). The constant breeze generated by our moving boat offers much-needed escape from the heat, while also keeping the endless mosquitoes at bay.
I am part of a team of five, led by Chris Ketola from Fauna Forever, a conservation NGO (non-governmental organization). We're here at night, when caimans (凯门鳄)are most active, to record any sighting and to catch one for crucial data such as body measurements. This will help us to learn more about caiman biology and assess population health to aid in the species' conservation.
A massive shape appears in the current ahead. Our driver Pipi, blind from his back position, reacts instantly to Chris's torch signals. The boat turns sharply, missing the log by inches. I let out a sigh of relief but everyone acts as if the near miss is simply part of the night's routine. Moments later, the reflective eyes of a caiman catch Chris's torchlight. We change our course, approaching slowly and quietly.
My love for the Amazon began during my 2017 visit to Tambopata, where I dreamed of documenting its unparalleled biodiversity. Now, with Fauna Forever, I'm living that dream.
Pipi cuts the engine and glides alongside a caiman, stopping about an arm's length away. He slowly extends his hand above the reptile, pauses, and then plunges his hand into the water. Securing a hold on the animal, he pulls it out. “A juvenile white caiman，” he states, “about a year old.”
This is my first close-up look at a wild caiman and I'm in awe: its eyes, tiny white teeth and tough skin are beautiful and detailed. These animals reached evolutionary perfection millions of years ago and their unchanged shape since the time of dinosaurs reflects this.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者跟随非政府保护组织Fauna Forever的团队，在秘鲁亚马逊地区的坦博帕塔河夜间乘船寻找凯门鳄并进行研究的经历，旨在通过获取数据助力凯门鳄物种的保护。
1．Why does the author consider the boat trip in the jungle a luxury？(　C　)
A．The jungle tour reveals precious species.
B．He enjoys the great facilities on the boat.
C．It provides a rare relief in the harsh jungle.
D．The boat is the only way to reach caimans.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Gliding (滑行)down the Tambopata River in the Peruvian Amazon…while also keeping the endless mosquitoes at bay.” 可知，在恶劣的丛林环境中，乘船时的微风能带来难得的凉爽并驱赶蚊虫，所以作者认为在丛林中乘船旅行是一种惬意。故选C。
2．How do the others of the team react to nearly hitting the log in the water？(　A　)
A．They treat it calmly without surprise.
B．They remind Pipi of potential threats.
C．They briefly pause for damage check.
D．They panic and suspend their journey.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“I let out a sigh of relief but everyone acts as if the near miss is simply part of the night's routine.” 可知，团队其他人对差点撞上水中的原木表现得很平静，他们并不惊讶。故选A。
3．Why does the author mention his 2017 visit to Tambopata？(　D　)
A．To highlight the engaging biodiversity there.
B．To popularize Tambopata's tourism industry.
C．To emphasize his role change over the years.
D．To show the motivation for his current work.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“My love for the Amazon began during my 2017 visit to Tambopata, where I dreamed of documenting its unparalleled biodiversity. Now, with Fauna Forever, I'm living that dream.” 可知，作者提到 2017 年的访问，是为了表明那次访问激发了他对亚马逊的热爱，这成为他现在参与相关工作的动力。故选 D。
4．What is a suitable title for the text？(　B　)
A．A Researcher's Unforgettable Jungle Adventure
B．To Study Caimans for Conservation, Catch One First!
C．Nighttime Encounter: A Thrilling Battle with Caimans!
D.Living Fossils: The Caiman's Evolutionary Importance
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“We're here at night, when caimans (凯门鳄)are most active…in the species' conservation.”以及后续内容围绕寻找、捕捉凯门鳄展开，详细描述了捕捉过程中遇到的情况，如躲避原木、发现并捕捉凯门鳄等细节可知，选项 B“To Study Caimans for Conservation, Catch One First！”既涵盖了研究凯门鳄这一行为，又点明了保护的目的，与文章围绕捕捉凯门鳄以助力保护这一核心内容相符，能够准确概括文章主旨。故选B。
(2025·山东聊城二模)
One wet November evening in the late 1960s, a married couple named Maurice and Maralyn Bailey—he a hot-metal typesetter, she a tax officer—hit on the idea of escaping their dull, suburban lives by sailing to New Zealand. With the proceeds from the sale of their Derby bungalow, they bought a 31-foot Bermuda boat, which they named Auralyn (a combination of their names). They finally set sail across the Atlantic in June 1972—having decided against buying a radio transmitter (信号发射机)，as Maurice wanted to sail “by his wits and the stars”．
All went well for the first nine months, but then one morning, 300 miles east of the Galápagos, a 40-foot whale rose up under their boat, and cracked a hole in its hull. As Sophie Elmhirst relates in her “superb” debut, Maurice and Maralyn, the couple grabbed a few essentials and climbed onto an inflatable raft (充气筏)from which they watched Auralyn being “silently swallowed”. On this inadequate vessel—too small for either of them to lie down in—they would spend the next 117 days.
At the heart of Maurice and Maralyn is an “astonishing” tale of endurance. Once the couple's food ran out, they survived in the raft by eating raw sea turtles and small sharks, caught with a fishing rod made from safety pins and cord. Dysentery (痢疾)，dehydration and near-starvation followed. While Maurice, a “glass-half-empty type of man”， quietly resigned himself to dying, Maralyn remained optimistic, which sparked Maurice's will to live. The couple were eventually picked up by a ship passing by.
Along with its “man-versus-the-elements survival aspect”， Elmhirst's book is “also a love story”， said Francesca Angelini in The Sunday Times. She traces the couple's marriage—both how it led them into their Pacific adventure, and how it was changed by what they went through. It's a remarkable story that had been all but forgotten.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要评论了有关贝利夫妇航海遇险及靠生存技能求生和其婚姻的故事的一本书。
5．What's the meaning of the underlined word “proceeds” in paragraph 1？(　C　)
A.Purchases. B．Expenses.
C．Gains. D．Contracts.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段中“With the proceeds from the sale of their Derby bungalow, they bought a 31-foot Bermuda boat, which they named Auralyn (a combination of their names)．”可知，此处proceeds指的是卖房的收入，即“收益”，与Gains“收益”意思相符。
6．What do we know about the couple's sail？(　D　)
A．They used a radio transmitter for the first nine months.
B．They abandoned the raft damaged by a whale.
C．Starvation followed when the boat sank.
D．Survival skills contributed to their survival.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Once the couple's food ran out, they survived in the raft by eating raw sea turtles and small sharks, caught with a fishing rod made from safety pins and cord.”可知，他们运用自己制作鱼竿捕鱼等生存技能得以存活下来，这说明生存技能有助于他们的生存。
7．What was Maurice like according to paragraph 3？(　A　)
A．Pessimistic. B．Ambitious.
C．Modest. D．Unconfident.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“While Maurice, a ‘glass-half-empty type of man’， quietly resigned himself to dying, Maralyn remained optimistic, which sparked Maurice's will to live.” 可知，莫里斯是个悲观的人。
8．What kind of writing is the text？(　B　)
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A journal. D．A biography.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Along with its ‘man-versus-the-elements survival aspect’， Elmhirst's book is ‘also a love story’， said Francesca Angelini in The Sunday Times.”可知，本文是对埃尔姆赫斯特所写关于贝利夫妇海上遇险求生经历一书的评论。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1________ others' doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 2________ (determine)and hard work.
The story became a reality in Lin county, Henan province in the 1960s. A 1，500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖)of the Taihang Mountains 3________ (build)by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi province to the drought-hit area.
Initially, finding drinking water was 4________ headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5________ (ease)this area's water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
People tied ropes around their waists and 7________ (hang)off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969, they leveled 1，250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道)，8________ (remove)22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks.
Their efforts gained multiple 9________ (benefit)． It was the canal that 10________ (dramatic)changed the life of the local people, irrigating (灌溉)about 36，000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties to some 567，000 people. Their deeds have been hailed (称颂)as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”．
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。20世纪60年代，河南省林县人民在10年内沿着太行山的悬崖修建了一条1 500千米长的水道，将宝贵水资源输送到干旱地区。
1．despite
解析：考查介词。句意：中国有这样一个故事：一位90多岁的老人不顾别人的怀疑，和家人一起拆除大山，连接外面的世界。后面跟名词作宾语，表示“不顾”应用介词despite。故填despite。
2．determination
解析：考查词性转换。句意：这个故事激励了中国人团结起来，用决心和努力克服困难。作介词with的宾语，应用名词determination。故填determination。
3．was built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当地人民在10年内沿着太行山的悬崖修建了一条1 500千米长的水道，将与山西接壤的漳河的宝贵水资源输送到干旱地区。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文“within 10 years”可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为“A 1，500-kilometer-long waterway”，谓语用单数。故填was built。
4．a
解析：考查冠词。句意：最初，寻找饮用水对居民来说是件头疼的事：人们不得不每天从五千米外的地方打水。此处headache为泛指，且其发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
5．To ease
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解这一地区的缺水问题，当地政府决定在山区修建一条运河，这是一项了不起的工程成就。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填To ease。
6．whose
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。非限制性定语从句中修饰先行词canal，关系词在从句中作定语。故填whose。
7．hung
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：人们把绳子系在腰上，挂在悬崖上，在岩石上钻孔，然后用简单的工具挖运河。根据上文“People tied ropes around their waists and”可知，应为一般过去时。故填hung。
8．removing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从1960年2月到1969年7月，他们夷平了1 250座山顶，挖了211条隧道，移走了2 225万立方米的土石。分析句子结构可知，remove与其逻辑主语they构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填removing。
9．benefits
解析：考查名词的数。句意：他们的努力获得了多方面的好处。根据上文“multiple”可知，benefit应用复数形式。故填benefits。
10．dramatically
解析：考查词性转换。句意：正是这条运河极大地改变了当地人民的生活，灌溉了大约3.6万公顷土地，解决了大约56.7万人的供水困难。修饰动词change应用副词。故填dramatically。(共166张PPT)
必修第三册　
Unit 2　Natural disasters
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Natural Disasters and Their Impact
When a 1.disaster (n. 灾难)strikes, the immediate outcomes can be chaotic. The loud 2.crash (n. 碰撞声)of a building collapsing, the urgent 3.signal (n. 信号)for help, the countless 4.injured (adj. 受伤的)and the rush to the nearest 5.exit (n. 出口)can be overwhelming. The 6.eruption (n. 突然发生)of the volcano 7.scares (v. 惊吓)the people living nearby, causing them to flee in panic.People climb down the 8.stairs (n. 楼梯)，their hearts racing as they 9.roll (v. 翻滚)with the shaking beneath their feet. In a panic, a mother might 10.hug (v. 拥抱)her child tightly, seeking some comfort in the chaos.
disaster
crash
signal
injured
exit
eruption
scares
stairs
roll
hug
Such events often 11.occur (v. 发生)without warning, leaving communities in 12.shock (n. 震惊). After that, 13.conferences (n. 会议)are held to discuss measures to 14.relieve (v.宽慰)people's mood and 15.supply (v. 供应)essentials to the affected areas. The 16.flood (n. 洪水)might have withdrawn, but the damage remains. Homes are 17.downstairs (adv. 在楼下)，and the once familiar 18.destination (n. 目的地)is now unrecognizable. 19.Imports (n. 进口产品)and 20.exports (n. 出口产品)are stopped, affecting the economy. If the 21.location (n. 位置)of the disaster is 22.distant (adj. 遥远的)，it will be difficult for rescue teams to reach the affected area in time. As 23.dawn (n. 黎明)breaks, the extent of the devastation becomes clear, and the need for a systematic 24.procedure (n. 步骤)to manage the crisis becomes evident.
occur
shock
conferences
relieve
supply
flood
downstairs
destination
Imports
exports
location
distant
dawn
procedure
However, humanity always finds a way to rise 25.beyond (prep. 超出)the challenges. As the 26.confirmation (n. 证实)of the disaster spreads, 27.donations (n. 捐赠)pour in from around the world to help those affected.Rescue teams work tirelessly to 28.rescue (v. 营救)those trapped, and aid pours in from all corners. With unity and determination, communities are rebuilt, ensuring that they are better prepared 29.otherwise (adv. 除此之外)for any future crises.
beyond
confirmation
donations
rescue
otherwise
高效课堂 　考点突破
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1 signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；表明；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The policeman in the distance signalled to the car to stop (stop)so that the pedestrian could cross the street safely.
②He pushed his plate away and signalled for coffee.
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Congratulations again! I knew you had it in you，” he said warmly, signaling (signal)me to take a seat.
④Chest pain can be a warning signal of heart problems.
⑤He signalled across the room to his wife.
A
重难考点
to stop
for
signaling
a
to
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥铃声响起，这表示放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲下楼去。
The bell rang, signalling that school was over, and all the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and went downstairs like arrows.(读后续写之动作描写)
signalling that school was over,
知识归纳
(1)signal (to)sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal to 给……发信号；发暗号；示意
signal for… 示意要……
signal that… 表明……
(2)a traffic/stop/danger/warning/distress signal 交通/停车/危险/警告/求救信号
[写作佳句]　The kind man lifted up the injured boy, placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital, ignoring the traffic signals all the way.(读后续写之动作描写)
这个善良的人抱起受伤的男孩，把他放到车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。
2 confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The confirmation (confirm)of the reservation will be sent to your email address within 24 hours.
②(人教版选必二U4)The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming (confirm)that autumn had arrived in Canada.
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed (confirm)in advance.
④It has confirmed me in my decision not to resign.
⑤He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.
confirmation
confirming
be confirmed
in
as
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥目前还没有证实转基因材料对食物链有什么影响。
Now it has not been confirmed what effects the GM material has on the food chain.

Now it has not been confirmed
知识归纳
(1)confirm sth. 确认某事
confirm that… 确认/证实……
It has been confirmed that…已确认/证实……
It is confirmed that… 据证实……
confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事
be confirmed as… 被确认为……
(2)confirmation n. 确认；证实；证明；批准；确认书
(3)confirmed adj. 确认的，坚定的
[写作佳句]　It is confirmed that obesity often results from lack of exercise and unhealthy diets.(应用文写作之建议信)
据证实，肥胖往往是缺乏运动和不健康的饮食导致的。
3 relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①It's a relief to finish (finish)the project after working on it for so long.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)I choked out，“It is your generous assistance and timely guidance that has relieved me of the heavy pressure.”
③Seeing their son came back safe and sound, the couple smiled in/with relief.
④I feel quite relieved (relieve)to see all the flood victims safe and sound.
to finish
of
in/with
relieved
⑤After taking the medicine, he finally relieved from his headache that had been bothering him for days.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥(2025·浙江1月卷)那人愣了一下，但当他看到那个瘦骨嶙峋的男孩时，他松了一口气。
The man froze for a second, but when he saw the skinny boy he breathed a sigh of relief．(读后续写之动作描写)
from
breathed a sigh of relief
知识归纳
(1)in/with relief 轻松地，欣慰地
to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是
It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人宽慰的。
breathe a sigh of relief 松了口气
(2)relieve v. 解除，减轻
relieve sb. of… 减轻某人……的负担
relieve from… 减轻
(3)relieved adj. 放心的；宽慰的
feel relieved 感到宽心
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)To my relief，I made it to the bus station at the last minute.I sighed in relief and broke into a smile.(读后续写之心理、动作和情感描写)
令我宽慰的是，我在最后一刻赶到汽车站。我如释重负，笑了起来。
4 inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)But this highly informed (inform)，well－behaved, and admirable person prevented me doing so.
②It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about his delay in case we got worried.
③(2025·浙江1月卷)If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you will know that there are few better ways to learn new information (inform)than to teach it.
informed
of/about
information
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中赢得了一等奖并且在两天之内将有一个颁奖仪式。
I was informed that I won first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.
⑤如有任何进展，请随时通知我。
Please keep me fully informed of any development.(应用文写作之申请信)
was informed that I won first prize in the writing contest
keep me fully informed of
知识归纳
(1)inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that… 通知某人……
keep sb. informed of/about…
通知某人关于……；使某人知道……
(2)information n. 情报；消息；资料
a piece of information 一则消息
(3)informed adj. (事物是)有根据的；(人)有知识的，有学问的
an informed choice 有根据的选择
(4)informative adj. 增长见闻的
[名师指津]　与inform sb. of sth.结构相同的短语还有：
①remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
②rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
③accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
④suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事
⑤warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
5 shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①People were shocked (shock)at his sudden death. It was really a shock to them.
②I came across a piece of shocking (shock)news when I was glancing through the newspaper.
③(2025·八省联考)I managed to find the street the theater was on, but when I turned the corner, I stopped in shock.
④The news of her sudden death came as a shock to her family and friends.
shocked
shocking
in
as
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤We were shocked to hear the news that he failed again.
→What shocked us was the news that he failed again.(what引导主语从句)
→He failed again, which shocked us．(which引导非限制性定语从句)
What shocked us
which shocked us
知识归纳
(1)be a shock to… 使……吃惊
in shock 震惊地；休克
be numb with shock 震惊得目瞪口呆
to one's shock 令某人震惊的是
come as a shock (to sb.)(让某人)吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；吃惊的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do… 因做……而震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[写作佳句]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Seeing the great mess in the kitchen, the father was numb with shock．(读后续写之心理描写)
看到厨房一片狼藉，这位父亲惊呆了。
6 scare vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared (scare)of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
②(2024·全国甲卷)For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
③When I first saw a real snake, I was scared to death.
④You gave me such a scare when you jumped out at me like that.
⑤That's the really scary (scare)and depressing thing.
scared
away
to
a
scary
⑥The thief scared the victims into giving him all of their money by threatening to hurt them if they didn't comply.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑦He was scared of snakes, and he fainted at the first sight of one.
→Scared of snakes, he fainted at the first sight of one.(形容词短语作状语)
into
Scared of snakes,
知识归纳
(1)scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
scare…away/off 把……吓跑
(2)scared adj. 害怕的；担心的
be scared to death 吓得要死
be scared to do sth./of (doing)sth. 害怕(做)某事
(3)scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)I was scared that admitting my mistake would make my brother angrier, but honesty was the first step.(读后续写之心理描写)
我害怕承认错误会让兄弟更加生气，但诚实是修复关系的第一步。
7 power n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·全国一卷)The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful (power)，but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.
②Most people didn't want him to be in power any longer.
③Could you tell me when the man came to/into power
④Wind power (风能)is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.

powerful
in
to/into
Wind power
⑤The power failure/cut (停电)caused the whole city to go dark, and it took several hours to restore the electricity.
⑥She has power over the situation (对情况有控制力)and can make decisions that will affect the outcome.
⑦It's really beyond my power (超出我的能力)to keep my head in that situation.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑧有时一个微笑是如此有力量以至于它给遭受磨难的人们巨大的勇气。
Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
power failure/cut
has power over the situation
beyond my power
a smile is so powerful that
知识归纳
(1)power failure/cut 停电
power supply 电力供应
wind/solar/nuclear power 风/太阳/核能
in power 当权
come to/into power 开始掌权；上台
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
have power over… 对……有控制力/影响力
do everything in one's power 尽力而为
(2)powerful adj. 有力的；强大的；有权威的
[写作佳句]　If you have any troubles, just turn to me. I'll do everything in my power to help you.(应用文写作之建议信)
你如果有什么问题，尽管来找我。我会尽我所能帮助你。
8 curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious)about scientific discoveries.
②She curiously (curious)opened the package to see what was inside.
③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I'm often asked by curious (curiosity)followers how to begin an art journey.
④(2025·全国二卷)Out of curiosity, someone asked about the Chinese characters, so I wrote them on the board.
curiosity
curiously
curious
Out
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤He is curious about everything he sees and he often asks his mother many interesting questions.
→Curious about everything he sees, he often asks his mother many interesting questions.(形容词短语作原因状语)
Curious about everything he sees,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　If you're curious to learn more detailed information about the exhibition，please contact me.(应用文写作之介绍信)
如果你想了解更多关于这次展览的详细信息，请联系我。
(1)be curious about… 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
9 distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2024·浙江1月卷)To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances (distant)．
②The hotel is distant from the city center, which means that guests will need to take a taxi to get there.
③Farther in the distance, I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
④It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance (与每个人保持一定距离)．
distances
from
in
kept everyone
at a distance
⑤The grocery store is within walking distance (在步行距离之内)from my house.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥据说这座山在远处看时更美。
It is said that the mountain is more beautiful when it is seen at a distance．(读后续写之环境描写)
within walking distance
at a
distance
知识归纳
(1)from a distance (of)从远处
in the distance 在远处
at a distance (of)在(……)远的地方
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡，与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
within walking distance 在步行距离之内
(2)distant adj. 遥远的，远方的；冷淡的
be distant from 离……遥远；远离
[写作佳句]　As she picked her way carefully along the stream, a familiar figure came up to her from a distance．(读后续写之动作、情景描写)
当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处向她走了过来。
10 locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①The satellite enables us to calculate their precise location (locate)anywhere in the world.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located (locate)just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions.
③There's a cafe situated (situate)at the north end of the park.
④On the hillside stand (stand)a row of redbrick buildings.
location
is located
situated
stand
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤Guangzhou is located in the south of China and is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.
→Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.(过去分词短语作状语)
Located in the south of China,
知识归纳
(1)be located in/at/on… 位于……
(2)location n. 位置；地点
(3)located adj. 位于；坐落在
(4)situate v. 使坐落于
be situated＋in/at… 位于……
[名师指津]　表示“位于，坐落于”的常见用词有lie/sit/stand。
①基本句型：主语＋lie/sit/stand/＋介词短语
②倒装句型：介词短语＋lie/sit/stand/＋主语
[写作佳句]　Qingdao is an attractive city located on the coast of China.(应用文写作之推荐信)
青岛是一个位于中国沿海的有吸引力的城市。
11 occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Memories with the hummingbird occurred to me when I walked to the blackberry-lined path.
②It occurred to her to phone (phone)the police.
③It comes to me that the occurrence (occur)of the phenomenon is abnormal.
to
to phone
occurrence
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④他正在看电视时突然想到了一个新主意。
→He was watching TV when a new idea struck him．(strike)
→He was watching TV when a new idea occurred to him．(occur)
→He was watching TV when a new idea hit him．(hit)(读后续写之心理描写)
when a new idea struck him
when a new idea occurred to him
when a new idea hit him
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国二卷)It occurs to me that the deadline is approaching, and I wonder if everything is going super smoothly.
我突然想到截止日期快到了，我想知道一切是否进展得特别顺利。
(1)sth. strikes/occurs to/hits sb. 某人突然想到……
It strikes/occurs to/comes to/hits sb. that… 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事。
(2)occurrence n. 发生
12 run out of 用完，耗尽
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①A child ran across the road and the driver put on the brake suddenly.
②The thief ran away and the policeman ran after him.
③The bus went out of control and ran into a line of people.
④The old man was nearly run over by a car.
⑤The old man gave out a sigh of relief when he finally finished the long journey.
across
away
into
over
out
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑥如果继续像这样用水，我们很快就会把它用完。
→If we keep using the water like this, we'll soon run out of it.
→If we keep using the water like this, it'll soon run out．
→If we keep using the water like this, we'll soon use it up．
→If we keep using the water like this, it'll soon be used up.
run out of
run out
use it up
be used up
知识归纳
(1)run out 用完，耗尽
give out 用完；停止运行；发出
use up 用完，耗尽
(2)run across 跑着穿过；偶然遇见
run into 偶然遇见，碰到(某人)；(车辆)意外撞上；遇到(困难等)
run away 逃跑
run after 追捕；跟踪；追求
run over 碾过，轧过；(车辆)撞倒
[名师指津]　①run out是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等。
②run out of是及物动词短语，其主语一般为人。
③use up是及物动词短语， 其主语一般为人。
13 句型公式：the moment 引导时间状语从句
(教材原句)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最佳时机。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We had hardly sat down to supper when the phone rang.
②No sooner had she spoken than she regretted it bitterly.
③I remembered her name immediately (immediate)she'd gone.
④On arriving (arrive)at the station, he found that the train had left.
when
than
immediately
arriving
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤他一收到邀请函就接受了参加文化交流活动的邀请。
→ On/Upon receiving the invitation, he accepted it to participate in the cultural exchange activity.(upon/on)
→ The moment he received the invitation, he accepted it to participate in the cultural exchange activity.(moment)
→ No sooner had he received the invitation than he accepted it to participate in the cultural exchange activity.(no sooner…than…倒装句)
On/Upon receiving the invitation,
The moment he received the invitation,
No sooner had he received the invitation than
知识归纳
[名师指津]　no sooner…than…与hardly/scarcely…when…结构中当主句谓语动词使用过去完成时，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。此外，若把no sooner或hardly/scarcely置于句首，主句要用部分倒装语序。
表示“一……就……”的常用表达还有：as soon as、no sooner…than…、hardly/scarcely…when…、the minute/
instant…、on/upon＋动名词/名词、instantly/directly/immediately…
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)The moment I saw my brother's hurt expression, guilt washed over me, and I instantly regretted my thoughtless decision. (读后续写之心理描写)
一看到哥哥受伤的表情，内疚感涌上心头，我立刻后悔自己轻率的决定。
14 句型公式：as if/though引导的状语从句的省略形式
(教材原句)Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案一点儿都没有褪色。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She described the destructive typhoon to us so vividly as if she had experienced (experience)herself.
②When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken (break)．

had
experienced
were
broken
③The girl left the room hurriedly as if angry (好像生气了)．
④He looked about as if in search of something (好像在找什么东西)．
⑤She cried as if her heart could be broken (好像心都要碎了)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥(2022·浙江1月卷)我们讨论了一会儿我的意见，我觉得他怀疑地看着我，好像在说这是多么蠢。
We discussed my opinion for a while, and I felt he was eyeing me doubtfully as if to say how stupid it was．(读后续写之神态描写)
as if angry
in search of something
as if her heart could be broken
as if to say how stupid it was
⑦听到家乡发生水灾的消息，玛丽吓得僵住了，好像被钉在了地上。
Hearing the news that her hometown was hit by the flood, Mary froze with shock, as if rooted to the ground．(读后续写之情感描写)
as if rooted to the ground
知识归纳
(1)as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导状语从句，也可引导表语从句；引导状语从句时常用省略形式，后面可直接跟不定式、分词、名词、形容词、介词短语等。
(2)as if引导从句中的语气和时态：
陈述语气：
真实或极有可能发生。
虚拟语气：
虚拟现在，谓语动词用一般过去时；虚拟过去，谓语动词用过去完成时；
虚拟将来，谓语动词用“would/might/could/should＋do”。
[写作佳句]　I ate as if there was no tomorrow.(读后续写之动作描写)
我狼吞虎咽地吃着。
[查漏补缺]
1．What's people's reaction to the extinction of this species
2．The fireworks exploded in all directions, lighting up the night sky.
3．It was confirmed by the spokesman that the area was then in rebel hands.
4．He offered to supply her with another ticket free of charge.
5．(2023·全国甲卷)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
B
拾遗考点
to
in
It
with
into
6．The chemical pollution poses a threat to the population at large.
7．It was natural that a person couldn't keep his (he)head when a terrible disaster occurred.
8．The report took the form of a comprehensive analysis of the company's financial performance in the previous year.
9．The teacher reviewed the test questions in detail.
10．Above all, it is important to remember to always be kind to others.
at
his
of
in
Above
知识点拨
1.supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.向某人供应某物
2．flood into… 大量涌入……
3．reaction to… 对……的反应
4．It is confirmed that…确定……；证明……(it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语)
5．at large整个，全部
6．in all directions 朝着四面八方
7．above all最重要的是
8．keep one's head (在困境中)保持冷静
9．take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式
10．in detail详细地
我的收获：__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．Located (locate)in the city center, our school provides easy access to various cultural activities.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative (inform)．
3．(2025·全国一卷)I was shocked (shock)to realize how deeply my actions had hurt my brother.
4．It is vital that we act to stop the destruction (destruct) of the rainforests.
Located
informative
shocked
destruction
5．He defended me from being injured (injure)at the risk of his life and tears of gratitude flowed down my cheeks.
6．(2025·全国一卷)We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
7．(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired (retire)in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
8．It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hold on to hope.
being injured
what
retired
to
9．To my relief, the conductor successfully guided the orchestra through the difficult classical piece without any mistakes.
10．It was almost midnight when the fire broke out in the neighborhood.
To
out
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．supply
(1)(2024·全国甲卷)Shared bicycles supply a convenient and environmentally friendly choice to people for short-distance travel.C
(2)In that country，there was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.A
(3)It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies．B
A.n. 供应量；补给量　B．n. 生活必需品，补给品　C．vt. 供给，供应
C
A
B
2．signal
(1)(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.B
(2)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington，generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.D
(3)In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.A
A.v. 示意　B．v. 发信号　C. v. 标志着，是……的标志　D．n. 信号灯
B
D
A
(4)(2025·北京卷)If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”．C
A.v. 示意　B．v. 发信号　C. v. 标志着，是……的标志　D．n. 信号灯
C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)The government demanded that the relief should be sent to the flood victims as soon as possible.n. 救援物品
点拨：relief(熟义)n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除。此处意为“救援物品”。
(2)Hearing the words，a great sense of relief flooded over him.
v. 使大受感动，充满
点拨：flood(熟义)n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入。此处用作动词，意为“使大受感动，充满”。
n. 救援物品
v. 使大受感动，充满
(3)It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
adj. 奇怪的；不寻常的
点拨：curious(熟义)adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的。此处意为“奇怪的；不寻常的”。
adj. 奇怪的；不寻常的
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是学生会主席李华，打算邀请科学家Jack来做一个英语讲座，主题是“灾难逃生”，请你用英文写一封邀请信。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我写信是为了真诚地邀请您在我们学校做一个关于灾难逃生的讲座。
I am writing to sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture on disaster escape at our school.

deliver a lecture on disaster
escape
②由于诸如台风和飓风等自然灾害的发生情况不断增加，学生在此类活动中掌握有关(逃生)步骤的知识是必要的。
It's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events, because of the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes．
③了解有序行动的重要性，尤其是在可能发生的奇怪情况下，是可以救命的。
It could be life-saving to understand the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur．
be equipped with knowledge on
procedures
typhoons and hurricanes
to understand the importance of orderly
movement,
in the odd situations that might occur
④我们确认，将提供所有必要的用品和工作人员支持，以确保讲座顺利进行。
We confirm that all necessary supplies and staff support will be provided to ensure the smooth running of the lecture.
⑤我们热切地等待您的积极回应，并期待您将给我们带来的见解。
We eagerly wait for your positive response and look forward to the insights you will bring to us.
confirm that all necessary supplies and staff support will be
provided
wait for your positive response
look forward to the
insights
Step 2句式升级
⑥用given (that)改写句②
Given the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes, it's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events.
⑦将句③升级为现在分词短语作主语的句子
Understanding the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur could be life-saving.
Given the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes, it's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events.
Understanding the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur could be life-saving.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
I am writing to sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture on disaster escape at our school. Given the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes, it's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events.
Understanding the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur could be life-saving. We confirm that all necessary supplies and staff support will be provided to ensure the smooth running of the lecture.
Dear Jack，
I am writing to sincerely invite you to deliver a lecture on disaster escape at our school. Given the increasing occurrences of natural disasters like typhoons and hurricanes, it's essential for students to be equipped with knowledge on procedures during such events.
Understanding the importance of orderly movement, especially in the odd situations that might occur could be life-saving. We confirm that all necessary supplies and staff support will be provided to ensure the smooth running of the lecture.
We eagerly wait for your positive response and look forward to the insights you will bring to us.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
We eagerly wait for your positive response and look forward to the insights you will bring to us.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：后悔与内疚
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.regretful adj. 后悔的
2．guilty adj. 内疚的
3．ashamed adj. 羞愧的
4．regret v. & n. 懊悔，惋惜
5．guilt n. 内疚
词块 1.kick oneself 自责
2．be weighed down by guilt 被内疚压垮
3．eat away at someone 折磨某人
4．a surge of guilt 一阵内疚
5．never let this happen again 再也不让这种事发生
6．overcome one's feelings of guilt 克服内疚感
7．to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是
8．with a guilty look on one's face 某人脸上露出惭愧的表情
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．她对自己没有事先通知就贸然辞职的决定深感懊悔。(regretful)
She felt deeply regretful about her impulsive decision to quit the job without notice.
2．关于打碎的花瓶，他对最好的朋友撒了谎，感到非常内疚。(guilty)
He felt extremely guilty after lying to his best friend about the broken vase.

felt deeply regretful
felt extremely guilty
3．她对自己对那位年长的顾客的粗鲁行为深感羞愧。(ashamed)
She was deeply ashamed of her rude behavior toward the elderly customer.
4．由于没能帮助苦苦挣扎的同学，她深感内疚。(weighed)
She was weighed down by guilt after failing to help her struggling classmate.
5．对朋友撒谎后，愧疚感开始不断折磨他。(eat away at)
Guilt began to eat away at him after he lied to his friend.
was deeply ashamed of
was weighed down by guilt
eat away at him
任务2　语段表达
When Tom realized his harsh words had driven away his best friend, 1.a surge of guilt (一阵内疚)swept through him. He sat alone, 2.kicking himself (自责)for not controlling his temper. With 3.a guilty look on his face (脸上露出惭愧的表情)，he whispered, “I'll 4.never let this happen again (再也不让这种事发生)．” Though he tried 5.to overcome his feelings of guilt (克服内疚感)by writing an apology letter, the regret for losing their bond still 6.ate away at him (折磨他)like a silent storm.
a surge of guilt
kicking
a guilty look on his
never let this happen
to overcome his
ate away at him
himself
face
again
feelings of guilt
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．disaster n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
2．crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi. & vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
3．signal vi. & vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
4．exit vt. & vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开
5．stair n. 楼梯；梯级
6．roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi. & vt. 翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起
7．hug vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
A
默写达标
disaster
crash
signal
exit
stair
roll
hug
8．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续
9．odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
10．occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于
11．conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈
12．supply n. 补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt. 供应，供给，提供
13．flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量 vi. & vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
14．downstairs adv. 在楼下，往楼下 n. 楼下
procedure
odd
occur
conference
supply
flood
downstairs
15．destination n. 目的地，终点
16．import n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt. 进口，引进
17．export n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt. 出口，输出
18．dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi. 开始；开始清楚
19．beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处；在另一边 prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
20．rescue n. & vt. 救援，营救，抢救

destination
import
export
dawn
beyond
rescue
二、拓展单词通变化
1．injure vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n. 伤害→injured adj. 受伤的
2．reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi. 反应；回应
3．confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n. 证实；证明书；确认书
4．relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt. 减轻，缓和
5．inform vt. 了解，熟悉；通知→information n. 信息→informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的
injure
injury
injured
reaction
react
confirm
confirmation
relief
relieve
inform
information
informed
6．shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 震惊的
7．scare vt. & vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的→scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的
8．donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n. 捐赠→donor n. 捐赠者
9．curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n. 求知欲，好奇心→curiously adv. 好奇地，奇怪地
10．distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj. 遥远的；远处的

shock
shocking
shocked
scare
scared
scary
donate
donation
donor
curious
curiosity
curiously
distance
distant
11．locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→location n. 位置；地点→located adj. 位于；坐落在
locate
location
located
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．bubble n. 泡沫，泡，气泡
2．staff n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt. 在……工作，任职于
3．charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
4．ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的；灰色的
5．slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi. & vt. 滑行；逐渐陷入
6．document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
7．cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
8．pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型

泡沫，泡，气泡
全体职工；管理人员
在……工作，任职于
慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容
覆盖着灰的；灰色的
幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
滑行；逐渐陷入
文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
四、重点短语明搭配
1．at large 整个，全部
2．safe and sound 安然无恙的
3．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
4．run out of 用完，耗尽
5．break out 突然开始，爆发
6．far and wide 到处，各处
7．to one's relief 让某人宽慰的是
8．flood in 涌入
9．in all directions 朝着四面八方
10．in the distance 在远处
at large
safe and sound
occur to
run out of
break out
far and wide
to one's relief
flood in
in all directions
in the distance
五、教材佳句会运用
1．晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最佳时机。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
2．你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.
3．飓风一定造成了很大的损失和苦难。(情态动词＋have done)
The hurricane must have caused a lot of damage and suffering．

The moment the shaking stopped,
As you can imagine,
have caused a lot of damage and suffering
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Thrilled at the success they've achieved, the team members cheered and hugged (拥抱)each other excitedly.
2．The plane crashed (撞击)into the mountain, but the pilot managed to survive.
3．She exchanged a concerned glance with me and tears rolled (滚下)down.
4．China tea has been exported (出口)to many countries.
5．There is a wide variety of patterns (花样；图案)to choose from.
B
基础检测
hugged
crashed
rolled
exported
patterns
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The expert refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant information (inform)．
2．It took quite a long time for the little girl to recover from her leg injury (injure)．
3．The terrible accident occurred (occur)in this street the other day.
4．(2025·全国一卷)Seeing my brother's relieved (relieve)expression, I felt a sense of ease wash over me, knowing our relationship would heal.
5．I was doubly attracted to the house by its size and its location (locate).
information
injury
occurred
relieved
location
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Though their car broke down halfway, they came back home safe and sound．
2．The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
3．The housewife kept her head and telephoned the fire department immediately.
4．Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spreads far and wide．
5．His works usually take the form of poetry, which makes him distinguished from other writers.
far and wide; in case; take the form of; keep one's head; safe and sound
safe
and sound
in case
kept her head
far
and wide
take the form of
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．玛丽一进屋我就认出了她。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
I recognized Mary the moment she entered the room．
2．正如所报道的，吸烟者的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。(as引导非限制性定语从句)
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
3．你本来可以做得更好，但你没尽你最大的努力。(情态动词＋have done)
You could/might have done better, but you didn't try your best.
the moment she entered the room
as is reported,
could/might have done better,
课时作业
返回
课时作业19
课时作业20
课时作业19
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·江西南昌模拟)
Annie Smith，32, went into labor as floodwaters from Hurricane Harvey surrounded her apartment. With the roads underwater, the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible. Annie and her husband，Greg，both doctors, began preparing for a home birth.
Greg rushed to gather supplies—scissors, sewing needles—while his mother boiled water to sterilize (消毒)them.“I'm really starting to get scared now，” Annie told Greg as the reality set in. A neighbor, checking on the Smiths, sent an email to their apartment complex's message board asking for help. Within 30 minutes, at least 15 people showed up, including medical trainees from the complex.
Meanwhile, the couple had been continuously dialing 911 but never got an answer. Finally, a call to the director of Annie's fellowship program led to action. The director's father, who lived near a fire station, walked there to explain the situation.
Around noon, a rescue truck arrived. By then，the water had reached to a formidable level that the vehicle couldn't get close. The Smiths' neighbors and firefighters formed a human chain to help Annie Smith to the back of the flatbed truck.“I held onto them one person at a time，” Annie Smith said, moving on her hands and knees along their arms until she reached the ladder safely. She sat on a blanket in the truck, a shower curtain over her head, as they drove through the flood. The Smiths arrived at Texas Children's Hospital about 15 minutes later. An hour later, their daughter Adrielle was born, weighing 7 pounds and 6 ounces. The couple, exhausted but relieved，appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid. “It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us，” Annie said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Annie Smith即将分娩却因洪水无法前往医院，邻居、同事和消防员协作助其脱险并成功分娩，Annie Smith 非常感激大家的帮助。
1．Why did the Smiths at first prepare for a home birth？(　　)
A．The hospital was inaccessible.
B．Drivers were hard to reach.
C．They were suggested by doctors.
D．The emergency services were off duty.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“With the roads underwater, the two-mile drive to the hospital was impossible.”可知，道路被水淹没，开车两英里去医院是不可能的。故选A。
A
2．Who played a crucial role in calling the rescue truck？(　　)
A．A neighbor. B．Greg's mother.
C．A medical trainee. D．The director's father.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Finally, a call to the director…The director's father…walked there to explain the situation.”和第四段中的“Around noon, a rescue truck arrived.”可知，最后，给Annie所在的奖学金项目负责人打了一通电话后，事情有了转机。负责人的父亲住在一个消防站附近，他走到那里去说明了情况。大约中午时分，一辆救援车抵达。所以是负责人的父亲在叫救援车这一事件中发挥了重要作用。故选D。
D
3．What does the underlined word“formidable”in paragraph 4 mean？(　　)
A．Scary.　　 B．Awesome.
C．Average.　　 D．Normal.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“the vehicle couldn't get close”可知，救援车无法靠近，所以当时的水位已经达到了一个很高的、让人害怕的水平。故选A。
A
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？(　　)
A．To record an unforgettable disaster.
B．To remember the respected firemen.
C．To praise the love within the community.
D．To raise funds for Annie's fellowship program.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第四段的“It was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying to help us”可知，Annie Smith 遇到困难，但是她的邻居、同事和消防员这么多人帮助她。所以可以推测，作者写这篇文章是为了赞扬社区里的爱。故选C。
C
B
(2025·山东枣庄二模)
As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property. But according to a recent study in University of Michigan, nearly half of the young people surveyed on disaster preparedness showed they lack readiness for any type of disaster event during a period when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent.
Surveying 1，083 individuals aged 14 to 24 through text messaging, the University's My Voice project brought to the forefront the attitudes young people hold regarding disaster preparedness. Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people disclosed having no readiness planning in potential disasters, with finances and lack of resources being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness.
“While respondents felt there were actions they could take now to prepare for a future disaster, some were unsure of the most effective readiness approaches they and their communities could take，” said Katherine Kruger, lead author and a Ph.D.student at the U-M School of Nursing.
“Youth are significant stakeholders in developing strategies to be ready for disaster and their insights can lead to policy development，” Kruger added. Inclusion of young individuals in readiness planning is crucial. They provide unique perspectives that can greatly enhance strategies designed to boost resilience (适应力)both at the individual and community levels.
The study's findings highlight an opportunity to engage youth in readiness efforts that empower them and strengthen the larger emergency management framework. Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.
“Our research underscores the need for including young people as key stakeholders in disaster preparedness，” Kruger said. “As highlighted by the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction's Youth Engagement Action Plan, their active contribution is indispensable.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用密歇根大学的一项研究，阐述了年轻人在灾害防范方面的态度、现状以及让他们参与灾害防范的重要性。
5．What makes disaster preparedness vital？(　　)
A．The changing lifestyle of the youth.
B．The loss of natural resources.
C．The rising risks of climate change.
D．The lack of safety awareness.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“As climate change continues to be a contributing factor to the frequency and intensity of disaster events, timely and effective preparedness can save lives and protect property.”可知，由于气候变化持续成为导致灾害事件发生频率和强度增加的一个因素，所以及时且有效的防灾能够拯救生命并保护财产，即气候变化带来的风险上升使得灾害防范变得至关重要。故选C。
C
6．What are nearly half of young people surveyed like？(　　)
A．Unprepared. B．Dismissive.
C．Confident. D．Fearful.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“But according to a recent study in University of Michigan…when climate-related disasters are becoming increasingly frequent.”以及第二段“Of those surveyed, 47% of the young people…being cited as primary reasons for their lack of readiness.”可知，在接受调查的年轻人中，近一半的人对于任何类型的灾害事件都缺乏准备，47%的年轻人表示对于潜在的灾害没有制订防范计划。由此推知，近一半接受调查的年轻人是毫无准备的。故选A。
A
7．Why is young people's involvement crucial？(　　)
A．They are creative. B．They are innocent.
C．They are sociable. D．They are ambitious.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“They provide unique perspectives…and community levels.”以及第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”可知，年轻人在制定应对灾害的策略方面能提供独特的见解，且他们的创新和沟通能力是灾害应对和恢复中的宝贵财富。由此推知，年轻人的参与至关重要是因为他们富有创造力。故选A。
A
8．What does the underlined word “underscores” mean in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Discovers. B．Argues.
C．Advocates. D．Emphasizes.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第五段“Young people's capacities for innovation and communication are valuable assets in disaster response and recovery.”可知，年轻人在灾害防范中很重要。由此推知，研究应该是“强调了”让年轻人参与灾害防范的必要性，画线词与“emphasizes”同义。故选D。
D
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·吉林长春二模)
Siberia is a huge region of Russia famous for its severe winters. Tom was trying to cycle across it on a freezing cold day. Everyone had told him it was a __1__ idea. Maybe they were right…
Tom was so cold that he was trembling. He was __2__，so he was going faster and faster. Trees passed in a blur(模糊形状)．He couldn't stop. This was going to end __3__.It was supposed to have been fun! But this was not fun at all.
Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow. His __5__ could not make him come to a stop. All he could do was __6__ tight! Waiting for the crash was almost worse than the crash itself.
Tom had no choice but to scream in the __7__ of winter.
“Aaaaagggghhhhhhhh! Help！”
But nobody could help. Nobody even __8__ his scream. Tom was alone. He was hundreds of miles from the __9__ human.
CRASH!
Tom __10__ face down in a snowdrift(雪堆)．For a minute or two，he did not move. He was not sure whether he was __11__ or not. Then slowly，Tom moved his toes. Then his fingers. Then his nose. Everything seemed to be in __12__.
The snow had cushioned(缓冲)his __13__. Tom was OK. But lying face down in the freezing snow was not a nice feeling，so Tom slowly __14__ himself upright.
“Maybe I am really out of sense. Everyone says I am. I'm out here，in the middle of nowhere，on my own，on a bike，in the middle of winter. I've crashed on every __15__ that I've ridden down today. This is stupid，but it's brilliant！”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Tom在寒冷的冬天试图骑行穿越西伯利亚，骑行过程中因害怕而加速，失控后冲下山坡撞进雪堆，之后发现自己并无大碍。Tom感慨自己的行为既愚蠢又精彩。
Siberia is a huge region of Russia famous for its severe winters. Tom was trying to cycle across it on a freezing cold day. Everyone had told him it was a __1__ idea. Maybe they were right…
1．(　　)A.good　　 B．new
C．crazy　　 D．unique
解析：根据上文可知，西伯利亚以严冬著称，Tom在寒冷的一天试图骑行穿越它。结合常识可知大家都觉得他的这个想法是疯狂的，故选C。crazy“不理智的，疯狂的”；unique“唯一的，独一无二的”。
答案分析
C
Tom was so cold that he was trembling. He was __2__，so he was going faster and faster. Trees passed in a blur(模糊形状)．He couldn't stop. This was going to end __3__.It was supposed to have been fun! But this was not fun at all.
2．(　　)A.heartbroken　　 B．iron-willed
C．tongue-tied　　 D．fright-bitten
解析：上文说Tom太冷了，以至于他都发抖了；下文说Tom加速骑行且无法停下来，再结合常识可知他是因为害怕而加速，故选D。heartbroken“心碎的”； iron-willed“意志坚强的”；tongue-tied“(因害羞或紧张)张口结舌的，说不出话来的”；fright-bitten “受惊吓的”。
D
Tom was so cold that he was trembling. He was __2__，so he was going faster and faster. Trees passed in a blur(模糊形状)．He couldn't stop. This was going to end __3__.It was supposed to have been fun! But this was not fun at all.
3．(　　)A.smoothly　　 B．suddenly
C．badly　　 D．peacefully
解析：根据上文信息可知，Tom加速骑行，且无法停下来，所以这种情况最终会以糟糕的结局结束，故选C。smoothly“顺利地”；badly“糟糕地”；peacefully“平静地”。
C
Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow. His __5__ could not make him come to a stop. All he could do was __6__ tight! Waiting for the crash was almost worse than the crash itself.
4．(　　)A.climbing　　 B．flying
C．skiing　　 D．driving
解析：根据“Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow.”可知，Tom在深雪中以最快速度冲下一个大山坡，flying能形象地描述他此时快速冲下山坡的状态，故选B。
B
Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow. His __5__ could not make him come to a stop. All he could do was __6__ tight! Waiting for the crash was almost worse than the crash itself.
5．(　　)A.fears　　 B．feet
C．screams　　 D．brakes
解析：根据上文可知，他在深雪中快速冲下山坡；再结合常识可知，此时应该是刹车无法让他停下来。brakes“刹车”符合语境，故选D。
D
Tom was about to crash. He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow. His __5__ could not make him come to a stop. All he could do was __6__ tight! Waiting for the crash was almost worse than the crash itself.
6．(　　)A.hang on　　 B．shut up
C．lie down　　 D．look round
解析：根据上文可知，他无法停下来；再根据常识可知，他此时只能紧紧抓住自行车，hang on“紧紧抓住”符合语境，故选A。shut up“闭嘴”； lie down“躺下”； look round“环顾四周”。
A
Tom had no choice but to scream in the __7__ of winter.
“Aaaaagggghhhhhhhh! Help！”
7．(　　)A.eyes　　 B．teeth
C．head　　 D．back
解析：这里表示Tom在寒冷的冬天里别无选择只能尖叫， in the teeth of是固定搭配，意为“顶着……，冒着……”，故选B。
B
But nobody could help. Nobody even __8__ his scream. Tom was alone. He was hundreds of miles from the __9__ human.
CRASH!
8．(　　)A.recalled　　 B．caught
C．followed　　 D．recognized
解析：根据上文可知，没人能帮助他；根据下文可知，Tom独自一人。所以此处是指甚至没人听到他的尖叫，故选B。catch one's scream表示“听到某人的尖叫”。recall “回忆起，回想起”；follow“接受，遵循，跟随”；recognize“认识，认出”。
B
But nobody could help. Nobody even __8__ his scream. Tom was alone. He was hundreds of miles from the __9__ human.
CRASH!
9．(　　)A.nearest　　 B．kindest
C．strongest　　 D．poorest
解析：根据上文的“nobody could help”和“Tom was alone.”可知，没人能帮助Tom，Tom离最近的人也有数百英里远。故选A。
A
Tom __10__ face down in a snowdrift(雪堆)．For a minute or two，he did not move. He was not sure whether he was __11__ or not. Then slowly，Tom moved his toes. Then his fingers. Then his nose. Everything seemed to be in __12__.
10．(　　)A.pushed　　 B．stood
C．landed　　 D．slid
解析：根据上文可知，Tom从大山坡上冲下来了；结合上一段“CRASH！”可知，他摔倒了，然后脸朝下落在雪堆里。land“落下，跌落”符合语境，故选C。
C
Tom __10__ face down in a snowdrift(雪堆)．For a minute or two，he did not move. He was not sure whether he was __11__ or not. Then slowly，Tom moved his toes. Then his fingers. Then his nose. Everything seemed to be in __12__.
11．(　　)A.energetic　　 B．awake
C．healthy　　 D．broken
解析：根据 “For a minute or two, he did not move…Then his fingers. Then his nose.”可知，他有一两分钟没动，不确定自己是否受伤了，然后慢慢动了动脚趾、手指和鼻子。broken“破损的，伤残的”符合语境，故选D。energetic“精力充沛的，充满活力的”；awake“醒着的”；healthy“健康的”。
D
Tom __10__ face down in a snowdrift(雪堆)．For a minute or two，he did not move. He was not sure whether he was __11__ or not. Then slowly，Tom moved his toes. Then his fingers. Then his nose. Everything seemed to be in __12__.
12．(　　)A.place　　 B．touch
C．trouble　　 D．sight
解析：这里表示他检查后发现自己身体各部分似乎都完好无损， in place是固定搭配，意为“在正确位置”，故选A。 in touch“保持联系”；in trouble“处于困境中”；in sight“在视线范围内”。
A
The snow had cushioned(缓冲)his __13__. Tom was OK. But lying face down in the freezing snow was not a nice feeling，so Tom slowly __14__ himself upright.
13．(　　)A.fall　　 B．jump
C．dig　　 D．rub
解析：根据上文可知，Tom以最快速度从大山坡上冲下来，所以此处是指雪缓冲了他的坠落，故选A。dig“挖(土)，掘(地)”；rub“擦，揉”。
A
The snow had cushioned(缓冲)his __13__. Tom was OK. But lying face down in the freezing snow was not a nice feeling，so Tom slowly __14__ himself upright.
14．(　　)A.dressed　　 B．hurt
C．pulled　　 D．behaved
解析：根据语境和常识可知，脸朝下趴在冰冷的雪地里感觉不好，所以Tom慢慢地站起来，故选C。dress“给(某人)穿衣服”；hurt“伤害”；behave“表现”。
C
“Maybe I am really out of sense. Everyone says I am. I'm out here，in the middle of nowhere，on my own，on a bike，in the middle of winter. I've crashed on every __15__ that I've ridden down today. This is stupid，but it's brilliant！”
15．(　　)A.snowdrift　　 B．bike
C．road　　 D．hill
解析：根据上文的“He was __4__ down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow.”可知，他是从山坡上冲下来然后摔倒的，所以这里是说他今天每骑一个山坡就摔倒一次，故选D。
D
课时作业20
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2026·湖北恩施高中等三校联考)
Gliding (滑行)down the Tambopata River in the Peruvian Amazon, I understand the luxury of being on a boat at night in the jungle. The air is thick with 35℃ heat and 99 percent humidity (湿度). The constant breeze generated by our moving boat offers much-needed escape from the heat, while also keeping the endless mosquitoes at bay.
I am part of a team of five, led by Chris Ketola from Fauna Forever, a conservation NGO (non-governmental organization). We're here at night, when caimans (凯门鳄)are most active, to record any sighting and to catch one for crucial data such as body measurements. This will help us to learn more about caiman biology and assess population health to aid in the species' conservation.
A massive shape appears in the current ahead. Our driver Pipi, blind from his back position, reacts instantly to Chris's torch signals. The boat turns sharply, missing the log by inches. I let out a sigh of relief but everyone acts as if the near miss is simply part of the night's routine. Moments later, the reflective eyes of a caiman catch Chris's torchlight. We change our course, approaching slowly and quietly.
My love for the Amazon began during my 2017 visit to Tambopata, where I dreamed of documenting its unparalleled biodiversity. Now, with Fauna Forever, I'm living that dream.
Pipi cuts the engine and glides alongside a caiman, stopping about an arm's length away. He slowly extends his hand above the reptile, pauses, and then plunges his hand into the water. Securing a hold on the animal, he pulls it out. “A juvenile white caiman，” he states, “about a year old.”
This is my first close-up look at a wild caiman and I'm in awe: its eyes, tiny white teeth and tough skin are beautiful and detailed. These animals reached evolutionary perfection millions of years ago and their unchanged shape since the time of dinosaurs reflects this.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者跟随非政府保护组织Fauna Forever的团队，在秘鲁亚马逊地区的坦博帕塔河夜间乘船寻找凯门鳄并进行研究的经历，旨在通过获取数据助力凯门鳄物种的保护。
1．Why does the author consider the boat trip in the jungle a luxury？(　　)
A．The jungle tour reveals precious species.
B．He enjoys the great facilities on the boat.
C．It provides a rare relief in the harsh jungle.
D．The boat is the only way to reach caimans.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Gliding (滑行)down the Tambopata River in the Peruvian Amazon…while also keeping the endless mosquitoes at bay.” 可知，在恶劣的丛林环境中，乘船时的微风能带来难得的凉爽并驱赶蚊虫，所以作者认为在丛林中乘船旅行是一种惬意。故选C。
C
2．How do the others of the team react to nearly hitting the log in the water？(　　)
A．They treat it calmly without surprise.
B．They remind Pipi of potential threats.
C．They briefly pause for damage check.
D．They panic and suspend their journey.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“I let out a sigh of relief but everyone acts as if the near miss is simply part of the night's routine.” 可知，团队其他人对差点撞上水中的原木表现得很平静，他们并不惊讶。故选A。
A
3．Why does the author mention his 2017 visit to Tambopata？(　　)
A．To highlight the engaging biodiversity there.
B．To popularize Tambopata's tourism industry.
C．To emphasize his role change over the years.
D．To show the motivation for his current work.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“My love for the Amazon began during my 2017 visit to Tambopata, where I dreamed of documenting its unparalleled biodiversity. Now, with Fauna Forever, I'm living that dream.” 可知，作者提到 2017 年的访问，是为了表明那次访问激发了他对亚马逊的热爱，这成为他现在参与相关工作的动力。故选 D。
D
4．What is a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．A Researcher's Unforgettable Jungle Adventure
B．To Study Caimans for Conservation, Catch One First!
C．Nighttime Encounter: A Thrilling Battle with Caimans!
D.Living Fossils: The Caiman's Evolutionary Importance
B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“We're here at night, when caimans (凯门鳄)are most active…in the species' conservation.”以及后续内容围绕寻找、捕捉凯门鳄展开，详细描述了捕捉过程中遇到的情况，如躲避原木、发现并捕捉凯门鳄等细节可知，选项 B“To Study Caimans for Conservation, Catch One First！”既涵盖了研究凯门鳄这一行为，又点明了保护的目的，与文章围绕捕捉凯门鳄以助力保护这一核心内容相符，能够准确概括文章主旨。故选B。
B
(2025·山东聊城二模)
One wet November evening in the late 1960s, a married couple named Maurice and Maralyn Bailey—he a hot-metal typesetter, she a tax officer—hit on the idea of escaping their dull, suburban lives by sailing to New Zealand. With the proceeds from the sale of their Derby bungalow, they bought a 31-foot Bermuda boat, which they named Auralyn (a combination of their names). They finally set sail across the Atlantic in June 1972—having decided against buying a radio transmitter (信号发射机)，as Maurice wanted to sail “by his wits and the stars”．
All went well for the first nine months, but then one morning, 300 miles east of the Galápagos, a 40-foot whale rose up under their boat, and cracked a hole in its hull. As Sophie Elmhirst relates in her “superb” debut, Maurice and Maralyn, the couple grabbed a few essentials and climbed onto an inflatable raft (充气筏)from which they watched Auralyn being “silently swallowed”. On this inadequate vessel—too small for either of them to lie down in—they would spend the next 117 days.
At the heart of Maurice and Maralyn is an “astonishing” tale of endurance. Once the couple's food ran out, they survived in the raft by eating raw sea turtles and small sharks, caught with a fishing rod made from safety pins and cord. Dysentery (痢疾)，dehydration and near-starvation followed. While Maurice, a “glass-half-empty type of man”， quietly resigned himself to dying, Maralyn remained optimistic, which sparked Maurice's will to live. The couple were eventually picked up by a ship passing by.
Along with its “man-versus-the-elements survival aspect”， Elmhirst's book is “also a love story”， said Francesca Angelini in The Sunday Times. She traces the couple's marriage—both how it led them into their Pacific adventure, and how it was changed by what they went through. It's a remarkable story that had been all but forgotten.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要评论了有关贝利夫妇航海遇险及靠生存技能求生和其婚姻的故事的一本书。
5．What's the meaning of the underlined word “proceeds” in paragraph 1？(　　)
A.Purchases. B．Expenses.
C．Gains. D．Contracts.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段中“With the proceeds from the sale of their Derby bungalow, they bought a 31-foot Bermuda boat, which they named Auralyn (a combination of their names)．”可知，此处proceeds指的是卖房的收入，即“收益”，与Gains“收益”意思相符。
C
6．What do we know about the couple's sail？(　　)
A．They used a radio transmitter for the first nine months.
B．They abandoned the raft damaged by a whale.
C．Starvation followed when the boat sank.
D．Survival skills contributed to their survival.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Once the couple's food ran out, they survived in the raft by eating raw sea turtles and small sharks, caught with a fishing rod made from safety pins and cord.”可知，他们运用自己制作鱼竿捕鱼等生存技能得以存活下来，这说明生存技能有助于他们的生存。
D
7．What was Maurice like according to paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Pessimistic. B．Ambitious.
C．Modest. D．Unconfident.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“While Maurice, a ‘glass-half-empty type of man’， quietly resigned himself to dying, Maralyn remained optimistic, which sparked Maurice's will to live.” 可知，莫里斯是个悲观的人。
A
8．What kind of writing is the text？(　　)
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A journal. D．A biography.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Along with its ‘man-versus-the-elements survival aspect’， Elmhirst's book is ‘also a love story’， said Francesca Angelini in The Sunday Times.”可知，本文是对埃尔姆赫斯特所写关于贝利夫妇海上遇险求生经历一书的评论。
B
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1________ others' doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 2________ (determine)and hard work.
The story became a reality in Lin county, Henan province in the 1960s. A 1，500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖)of the Taihang Mountains 3________ (build)by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi province to the drought-hit area.
Initially, finding drinking water was 4________ headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5________ (ease)this area's water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
People tied ropes around their waists and 7________ (hang)off cliffs, drilling holes in rock, and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969, they leveled 1，250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道)，8________ (remove)22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks.
Their efforts gained multiple 9________ (benefit)． It was the canal that 10________ (dramatic)changed the life of the local people, irrigating (灌溉)about 36，000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties to some 567，000 people. Their deeds have been hailed (称颂)as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”．
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。20世纪60年代，河南省林县人民在10年内沿着太行山的悬崖修建了一条1 500千米长的水道，将宝贵水资源输送到干旱地区。
There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1________ others' doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 2________ (determine)and hard work.
1．despite
解析：考查介词。句意：中国有这样一个故事：一位90多岁的老人不顾别人的怀疑，和家人一起拆除大山，连接外面的世界。后面跟名词作宾语，表示“不顾”应用介词despite。故填despite。
答案分析
despite
There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1________ others' doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulty with 2________ (determine)and hard work.
2．determination
解析：考查词性转换。句意：这个故事激励了中国人团结起来，用决心和努力克服困难。作介词with的宾语，应用名词determination。故填determination。
determination
The story became a reality in Lin county, Henan province in the 1960s. A 1，500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖)of the Taihang Mountains 3________ (build)by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi province to the drought-hit area.
3．was built
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当地人民在10年内沿着太行山的悬崖修建了一条1 500千米长的水道，将与山西接壤的漳河的宝贵水资源输送到干旱地区。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文“within 10 years”可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为“A 1，500-kilometer-long waterway”，谓语用单数。故填was built。
was built
Initially, finding drinking water was 4________ headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5________ (ease)this area's water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
4．a
解析：考查冠词。句意：最初，寻找饮用水对居民来说是件头疼的事：人们不得不每天从五千米外的地方打水。此处headache为泛指，且其发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
a
Initially, finding drinking water was 4________ headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5________ (ease)this area's water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
5．To ease
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解这一地区的缺水问题，当地政府决定在山区修建一条运河，这是一项了不起的工程成就。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填To ease。
To ease
Initially, finding drinking water was 4________ headache for residents: People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5________ (ease)this area's water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6________ construction was a remarkable engineering ach

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