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必修第三册　Unit 1　Nature in the balance
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
In the vast expanse of our planet, the 1.soil (n. 土壤)supports diverse 2.ecosystems (n.生态系统)across different 3.regions (n. 地区)and 4.continents (n. 大陆). It is estimated that there are over a 5.million (num. 一百万)different 6.species (n. 物种)that inhabit these lands, contributing to the rich tapestry (挂毯)of 7.wildlife (n. 野生动植物)．
8．Beneath (prep. 在……下面)the surface, the soil holds a 9.mass (n. 大量)of 10.microorganisms (n. 微生物)that aid in 11.nutrient (n.营养素)cycling, 12.thus (adv. 因此)ensuring the health of the land. However, human activities have had a significant 13.impact (n. 影响). Changes in the 14.climate (n. 气候)，worsen by the release of 15.poisonous (adj. 有毒的)16.gases (n. 气体)，have led to extreme weather conditions like 17.droughts (n. 干旱)，affecting vast 18.belts (n. 地带)of land.
Despite the bitter 19.image (n. 形象)，there are glimmers of hope. Environmentalists 20.track (v. 跟踪)the health of these ecosystems. In some areas, the 21.residents (n. 居民)have taken the 22.chief (adj. 主要的)role in conservation, often 23.protesting (v. 抗议)against 24.harmful (adj. 有害的)policies. The 25.process (n. 过程)of conservation requires a multi-faceted approach, involving not just one 26.policy (n.政策)but a collective 27.strategy (n. 策略)．
Modern solutions, such as 28.recycling (v. 回收再利用)waste is being adopted 29.globally (adv.全球地). Even in urban settings, initiatives like green 30.subways (n. 地铁)are becoming popular. While the challenges are huge, the efforts of the past and present generations provide hope for a balanced coexistence with nature.
1 harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·九省联考)Simple and relatively harmless (harm)household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.
②(2025·全国一卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful (harm)microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
③Farmers can use the spray to kill weeds without harming (harm)the soy crop.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④他们通常不雇用未经训练的工人，但你去碰碰运气不会有害处。
→They don't usually employ untrained workers, but it doesn't do any harm to try your fortune．
→They don't usually employ untrained workers，but there's no harm in trying your fortune．(应用文写作之建议信)
(1)do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm 伤害某人 There is no harm in doing… 做……无害处 (2)harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to… 对……有害 (3)harmless adj. 无害的
[写作佳句]　It is well known that a great many human activities are harmful to our home—Earth.(应用文写作之建议信)
众所周知，众多的人类活动对我们的家园——地球，造成了危害。
2 variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①As in China，the climate in Canada varies with/by the area.
②(2023·全国乙卷)Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients than they used to.
③The documents varied in length and quality.
④The temperature in the desert shows great variation (various)throughout the day.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤我有许多爱好，从打篮球到弹钢琴。
→I have a number of hobbies, varying from playing basketball to playing the piano. (现在分词短语作状语)
→I have a number of hobbies, which vary from playing basketball to playing the piano．(定语从句)
(1)various adj. 各种各样的(a variety of/varieties of) (2)vary v. 变化；改变；使多样化 vary from…to… ……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary in sth. 在某方面不同 vary with/by… 随……而变化 (3)variation n. 变化；变动
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers.
我选择画美丽的花园，那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
3 survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded(丢弃的)food.
②She survived her husband by ten years.
③(2021·浙江1月卷)But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived (survive)．
④Companies are struggling for survival (survive)in the recession.
⑤I was the only survivor (survive)of the accident.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn't about how to survive the storm while it's about learning to dance in the rain.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中活过来 survive on 靠……存活下来 A survive B by＋时间 A比B多活…… (2)survival n．幸存 survivor n. 幸存者
[名师指津]　survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于难”，因而不要在其宾语前加in或from。
4 application n. 应用，运用；申请
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·北京卷)Not standing a chance against competitive applicants (apply)，I came out of the interview with an upset look.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My mind travelled back to the days when I applied myself (I)to creating Revere's horse.
③He hopes to be a soldier, and he has applied to join (join)the army.
④(2023·全国甲卷)Its ideas can be applied to (应用于)daily life.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.
→Applying yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.(现在分词短语作状语)
(1)apply v. 申请，请求；使用，应用 apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply (to sb.)for sth. (向某人)申请某物 apply…to…＝be applied to 把……应用于…… apply oneself to 致力于……(to为介词) (2)applicant n. 申请人
[写作佳句]　①I'm writing to apply for the position you offered in yesterday's newspaper.(应用文写作之申请信)
我写信申请你们在昨天的报纸上提供的职位。
→Applied to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.(过去分词短语作状语)
→Apply yourself to the job in hand and you'll soon finish it.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
②I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration/account.(应用文写作之申请信)
如果您能考虑我的申请，我会不胜感激。
5 defence (AmE defense)n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①My wife and I used pepper spray to defend ourselves from/against being attacked by the polar bear.
②In defence of the animals close to extinction，Tom determined to do something to prevent them from harming the animals.
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive (defend)，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。
→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow. (defence)
→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow. (defend)(读后续写之动作描写；比喻修辞手法)
(1)in defence of/in one's defence 为某人辩护；捍卫…… (2)defend v. 防御；保卫；辩护 defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 defend against 防御；抵抗 defend sb./oneself/sth. against/from… 保护某人/某物不受……的伤害 (3)defensive adj. 防御的，保护的
[写作佳句]　(2025·北京卷)In my defence, I did what we've all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.
我辩解一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事——重复别人灌输的观点，却没有去探究其中的细微差别。
6 consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences (consequence)of their decisions.
②She knew that she would have to take the consequences (consequent)for her actions.
③Many species have died out as a result of human activities.
④His long illness and consequent (consequently)absence put him far behind in his work.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤人类跟踪并且捕杀动物，因此，生态系统被破坏了。
→Human beings tracked and killed animals. Consequently, the ecosystem was destroyed.
→Human beings tracked and killed animals. As a consequence/result, the ecosystem was destroyed. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
(1)as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result 结果，因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于…… take the consequences 承担后果 (2)consequently adv. 因此；所以 (3)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的
[写作佳句]　The atmosphere is becoming warmer and warmer as a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
由于温室气体排放量的增加，大气正变得越来越暖。
7 in turn 依次，轮流；相应地，转而
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①You can't all do it together; you'll have to take turns (turn)．
②It was my turn to get (get)a ticket when someone cut in line.
③After a period of illness, her health took a turn for the better.
④Her suggestion is that we should do this by turns.
⑤She offered to help him with his homework in return for a ride to the store.
(1)take turns to do… 轮流做…… by turns/take turns 轮流 It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 take a turn for the better 有所好转，变得更好 (2)It turns/turned out that… 结果是…… (3)in return 作为回报
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥不要害怕困难。它们可以帮助你积累经验，而经验反过来又可以开阔你的视野。
Don't be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience can broaden your horizons in turn. (应用文写作之建议信)
[写作佳句]　It turned out that the situation was less severe than expected, and with effort and determination, they overcame the challenges they faced.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
结果是情况没有预期的严峻，他们通过努力和决心克服了面临的挑战。
8 due to 由于，因为
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
②The English version of the novel is due to be published (publish)next year.
③Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
④The slide set is due for grading three days after the presentation.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我希望您对我的申请给予适当考虑。
I hope you will give my application due consideration．(应用文写作之申请信)
due adj. 预定的；预期的；到期的；欠下的；应有的；合适的 be due to do sth.预期做某事 be due to sb. 应付给/给予某人 be due for sth. 应有某物；应得到某物 due consideration 适当的考虑
[写作佳句]　The sports meeting, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather.(应用文写作之通知)
原预计上周五举行的运动会最终因为恶劣的天气被推迟。
9 come up with想出，想到；拿出；提出
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Please tell me further how it came about that the dinosaur disappeared.
②My former colleague's first novel came out, which made me proud of him.
③After much discussion, a solution to the problem finally came up．
④(2023·全国甲卷)Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself).
⑤(人教版选必一U2)Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥在日常生活中，我们将遇到各种各样的困难，但是我们应努力克服它们。
In our daily life, we will come across various difficulties, but we should try to break them down.(应用文写作之建议信)
come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧；开始；出场 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up走近；上来；被提出 when it comes to… 当谈及……
[写作佳句]　Furthermore, when teachers' questions come up in class, you should try to come up with answers.(应用文写作之建议信)
此外，当老师在课堂上提出问题时，你应该尝试想出答案。
10 句型公式：倍数表达法
(教材原句)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China．
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①This street is four times the length of that one.
②The population in our region is three times what it was 20 years ago.
③Young people used the Internet more than three times as often as the general population in 2014.
④This building is three times higher (high)than that one.
⑤The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥这部纪录片讲述了我们公司的发展。现在，我们新公司的面积是5年前的三倍大。
The documentary tells about the development of our firm. Now our new firm is three times the size of what it was five years ago.(应用文写作之报道)
常见的倍数表达法有： (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length…)＋of＋B (4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 (5)the＋计量名词(size/weight/length…)＋of＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that＋of＋其他
[写作佳句]　The elephant stood forty times as tall as the mouse, its long trunk reaching high into the sky.(读后续写之外貌描写)
大象的高度是老鼠的四十倍，它长长的鼻子高高地伸向天空。
11 句型公式：while 引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①(2023·全国甲卷)Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home (当在家时)．
②Some of us were responsible for picking apples, while others packed them (而另一些人将它们打包)．
③After a while (过了一会儿)，I pulled myself to my feet and found my way to the street.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④尽管我们不能预测未来将会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来自我指引。
While we can't predict what will happen in the future, we can guide ourselves with determination and love.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
(1)while意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)，表示转折。 (2)while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 (3)while意为“然而；可是”，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。 (4)while用作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
[写作佳句]　While walking in the park, I couldn't help but notice the beauty of the trees, their leaves shimmering in the sunlight.(读后续写之环境描写)
当我在公园散步时，我无法不注意到树木的美丽，它们的叶子在阳光下闪烁。
12 句型公式：so 引导的倒装句
(教材原句)As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals．
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①If my brother takes part in the competition to be held next week, so shall/will I.
②He didn't know what that would be, and nor/neither did I.
③—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.
—So he is (他的确如此)，and so are you (你也是)．
④I hadn't been to the continent before and neither/nor had Jane(简也没有)．
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤玛丽生于澳大利亚，住在美国。简也是。
→Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane．
→Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. It was the same with Jane.
(1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，用于肯定陈述句之后，意为“……也是如此”，表示上句所谈到的情况也适用于另一主语，so用来代替上句的内容。 (2)如果下文表示的是对上文所述情况的赞成或肯定，则仅把so放于句首，其后用正常语序。 (3)如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一个人或物时，则需要用“So it is/was with…”或“It is/was the same with…”。 (4)“nor/neither＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“……也不”。
[写作佳句]　He enjoys chatting with friends on the Internet, and so does she．
他喜欢在网上和朋友聊天，她也如此。
[查漏补缺]
1．At length (long)，the day came on which we were to leave.
2．The computer has had a great impact on modern life in the past decades.
3．They often run at high speed, which may put our lives in danger.
4．Running is not only a good way to build up our strength but also helps us relax.
5．The teacher's enthusiasm for teaching breathed (breath)life into the classroom, motivating her students to achieve their full potential.
6．(2024·全国甲卷)If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.
7．Life is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.
8．Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
9．After a while, a good idea sprang to Mac's mind.
10．To help local people get rid of poverty, he came up with some strategies.
1.breathe life into 给……带来起色，给……注入活力 2. be made up of 由……组成 3．at length 详尽地；最后；终于 4．put…in danger 使……处于危险中 5．have an impact on 对……有影响 6．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 7．build up 使强健，增强 8．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 9．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 10．call for (公开)要求；需要
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维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species (species)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
2．She remained committed to her studies and applied herself to them with great diligence.
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety (vary)．
4．Mrs Smith, who is a very organized (organize)woman, works as president of a large organization. She is organizing a conference to be held next week with her assistants.
5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical (economic)，sustainable and fun way to explore the city.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals (chemical)in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
7．Devoted to teaching, consequently, he earned his students' trust, which led to other positive consequences (consequence)．
8．After becoming an important part of many British streets，the phone boxes began disappearing (disappear)in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
9．It's said that the famous artist survived his wife by two years.
10．(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer，rural areas.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．break down
A.使分解(为)，使变化(成)B．(身体等)垮掉　C．(谈判等)失败　D．(情感等)失控　E．打破，消除
(1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news.D
(2)(2023·浙江1月卷)We desire our school to organise more activities like this，which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.E
(3)Talks between the two sides had broken down, which made us disappointed.C
(4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.B
(5)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.A
2．apply
A.vi. 申请　B．vt. 涂抹　C．vt. 应用　D．v. 有关；涉及
(1)The suggestions I put forward apply to both daily study arrangements and extracurricular activity planning.D
(2)(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.A
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.C
(4)Apply the cream to your face and neck before going out so as to protect your skin.B
3．track
A.n. 足迹，轨迹；车辙　B．n. 小路，小径　C．n. 跑道　D．v. 跟踪，追踪
(1)It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track．B
(2)We saw wild animals' tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer's.A
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.D
(4)The teacher asked them to run five times round the track as punishment.C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Actually, all the living languages experienced many changes and developments.adj. 在使用的
点拨：living(熟义)adj. 活着的 n. 生计。此处意为“在使用的”。
(2)I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.n. 辩护，辩解
点拨：defence(熟义)n. 防御，保护。此处意为“辩护，辩解”。
(3)Brazil began importing soybeans (大豆)to process at home.v. 加工，处理
点拨：process(熟义)n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程。此处用作动词，意为“加工，处理”。
(4)(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.n. 分店
点拨：branch (熟义)n. 树枝； 支流；分支。此处意为“分店”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是学生会主席李华，打算联合国际部，策划一个英语沙龙，主题为“Balance in nature”，请你就此写篇英文发言稿。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我们星球上的平衡正受到威胁。
Our planet's balance is under threat．
②这在气候变化和它对各种物种的影响中很明显。
That's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species.
③不断增加的温室气体导致了海豚等动物栖息地的丧失。
The increasing greenhouse gases have led to the loss of habitat for animals like dolphins．
④这些生物被追踪到物种灭绝的边缘。
These creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction．
⑤这不仅仅是它们的损失，还是对复杂的生命网的重大破坏。
It's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
⑥通过这次活动，我们旨在提高人们对维持这种平衡的重要性以及地球上的每个居民在其中所扮演的角色的认识。
Through this event, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of maintaining this balance and the role each resident of the earth plays in it.
⑦让我们一起努力，确保与自然的和谐互动。
Let's work together to ensure a harmonious interaction with nature．
Step 2句式升级
⑧用同位语从句将句①和句②合并起来
Our planet's balance is under threat, a fact that's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species.
⑨将句④和句⑤用含有when引导的时间状语合并起来
When these creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction, it's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear fellow students and international department members，
Our planet's balance is under threat, a fact that's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species. The increasing greenhouse gases have led to the loss of habitat for animals like dolphins. When these creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction, it's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
In the light of this, we are organizing an English Salon themed “Balance in nature”. Through this event, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of maintaining this balance and the role each resident of the earth plays in it.
Let's work together to ensure a harmonious interaction with nature.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：宽慰与温暖
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.relieved adj. 宽慰的 2．comforted adj. 感到安慰的 3．reassured adj. 安心的 4．relieve vt. 使减轻；使解除(痛苦、忧愁等) 5．relief n. 宽慰 6．comfort n. 舒适， 安逸生活， 安慰 v. 安慰 7．warmly adv. 温暖地 8．warmth n. 温暖
词块 1.a sense of relief 如释重负 2．warm one's heart 温暖人心 3．breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气 4．feel at ease 感到安心 5．peace of mind 内心的平静 6．comforting words 安慰的话语 7．a warm embrace 温暖的拥抱 8．to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．母亲无条件的爱总是使他心中充满温暖。(warmth)
His mother's unconditional love always filled him with warmth in his heart.
2．昨天结束了极具挑战性的期末考试后，她有一种如释重负的感觉。(relief)
She had a sense of relief after finishing the challenging final examination yesterday.
3．孩子们天真无邪的笑声在那个寒冷的冬夜温暖了她的心。(heart)
The children's innocent laughter warmed her heart on that cold winter evening.
4．看到搜救队到达， 他们松了一口气。(breathe)
They breathed a sigh of relief when they saw the rescue team arriving.
5．在那段压力重重的时期，有最好朋友的陪伴，她感到安心。(ease)
She felt at ease with her best friend's company during the stressful period.
任务2　语段表达
When Emily finally found her lost puppy after hours of searching, she experienced 1.an overwhelming sense of relief (一种压倒一切的宽慰感)and immediately picked up the scared animal. 2.To her great relief (使她极为宽慰的是)，the puppy was completely unharmed despite being missing for so long. Her neighbor's kind help had brought her 3.peace of mind (内心的平静)throughout the anxious search. As she held her beloved pet close, 4.the comfort of having him back safely (它安全回来的安慰)made her realize how precious their bond was.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害
2．region n. 地区，区域；行政区
3．species n. (pl. species)种，物种
4．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
5．beneath prep. 在……下面，在……下方；配不上
6．impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击
7．damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
8．climate n. 气候；倾向，风气
9．absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其
10．track vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
11．resident n. 居民，住户
12．chief n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
13．protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
14．process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理
15．economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
16．strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
17．recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用
18．subway n. 地铁；地下人行道
19．former adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
20．poverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏
21．habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地
二、拓展单词通变化
1.length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen vt. 使加长；使延长→long adj. 长的
2．variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v. 变化→various adj. 各种各样的
3．towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的→tower vi. 高耸，屹立；超过 n. 塔；塔楼
4．survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者
5．disappear vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n. 消失→appear vi. 出现；看来，似乎→appearance n. 出现；外观，外貌
6．agriculture n. 农业，农学→agricultural adj. 农业的
7．global adj. 全球的；全面的→globe n. 世界，地球；地球仪；球体
8．application n. 应用，运用；申请→apply v. 应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n. 申请人
9．entirely adv. 完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj. 完全的
10．profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处→profitable adj. 有利可图的；有益的
11．defence n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt. 保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
12．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→poisonous adj. 有毒的
13．chemical n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师
14．consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj. 随之发生的→consequently adv. 因此；所以
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．ecosystem n. 生态系统
2．overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 在海外，向国外
3．biodiversity n. 生物多样性
4．mammal n. 哺乳动物
5．frog n. 蛙，青蛙
6．insect n. 昆虫
7．nutrient n. 营养素，营养物
8．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房
9．shark n. 鲨鱼
10．whale n. 鲸
11．dolphin n. 海豚
12．committee n. 委员会
四、重点短语明搭配
1．in turn 相应地，转而
2．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
3．breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
4．due to 由于，因为
5．come up with 想出，想到
6．call for (公开)要求；需要
7．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
8．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
9．give rise to 使发生(或存在)
10．play a role in... 在……中起作用，扮演角色
11．be made up of 由……组成
12．sign up 报名
五、教材佳句会运用
1．往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。(完全倒装)
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
2．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。(while引导让步状语从句)
While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
3．如果没人去怎么办？(What if... 如果……怎么办？)
What if nobody goes
4．随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(so引导的倒装句)
As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals．
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He has returned to South Africa from long overseas (海外的)trip.
2．We followed the bear's tracks (足迹)in the snow.
3．Residents (居民)are complaining now because traffic in the area has increased.
4．A girl was crying, protesting (坚持声称)that she didn't want to leave her mother.
5．Don't throw away the newspaper which can be recycled (回收利用). For example, we can make it into an envelope.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The foreigners came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (agriculture)skills.
2．The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction (extinct)of dinosaurs.
3．He is looking into the disappearance (disappear)of the species.
4．A great deal of work has been done to improve people's living (live)standard.
5．You needn't worry, for this experiment is harmless (harm)to the animals.
Ⅲ.选词填空
due to; get rid of; breathe life into; in turn; build up
1．We hope the new employees can breathe life into our company and promote its development.
2．With the pressure building up, she was off work because she couldn't stand it any more.
3．We were determined to split up with him due to lots of his dishonest behaviors.
4．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.
5．Dr Yuan Longping's rice has helped many people in the world (to)get rid of hunger, so he deserved to be given so many awards.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．门开了，一只黄狗冲了出去。(完全倒装)
The door opened and out rushed a yellow dog．
2．尽管一些人声称能预知未来，但这些都没有科学依据。(while引导让步状语从句)
While some people claim they can predict the future, there is no scientific basis behind it.
3．换言之，“如果它不是一个真的机会怎么办？”(What if...？)
That is, “What if it isn't a real opportunity？”
4．坏天气迟早会过去，坏事情也会过去。(so引导的倒装句)
Bad weather will pass sooner or later, so will the negative things．
课时作业17
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
(2025·四川成都六校协作体联考)
Sichuan, a province celebrated for its diverse landscapes and profound cultural roots, offers more than just its iconic landmarks.Beyond the bustling tourist trails lie lesser－known treasures that cater to adventurers, history buffs, and nature enthusiasts alike.These hidden gems, with their unique charm and authentic experiences, promise unforgettable journeys.Here are three such destinations waiting to be explored.
Daocheng Yading
Nestled in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, this remote plateau scenic area is called “the last pure land on Earth”.Its snow－capped peaks (including the 6，032－meter Mt.Chenrezig)，turquoise lakes, and alpine meadows draw adventurers.Note that altitude sickness is common—visitors are advised to rest for a day in Daocheng County before heading up.The best months are May to June (wildflowers)and September to October (golden forests)．Entrance：￥146 (peak season)， ￥120 (off－season)．Open：7：00 am－5：30 pm.
Leshan Giant Buddha
Carved into a cliff along the Min River, this 71－meter－tall statue is the world's largest stone Buddha, built over 90 years during the Tang Dynasty.Unlike mountain hikes, it's accessible via riverside paths and boat tours (￥70 extra)．Avoid summer crowds—spring (March－April)or autumn (October－November)is better.Tickets：￥80 (adults)， free for kids under 1.2m.Open: 8：00 am－6：30 pm (April－October); 8：30 am－5：30 pm (November－March)．
Langzhong Ancient Town
One of China's four best－preserved ancient towns, Langzhong in Nanchong dates back 2，300 years.Its well－preserved city walls, traditional courtyards, and annual Spring Festival lantern shows (featuring 10，000＋ lanterns)attract culture lovers.Unlike natural sites, it's enjoyable year－round, though winter can be chilly.A combined ticket for key attractions (Zhang Fei Temple, Ancient Well Museum)costs ￥110.Most sites open from 8：30 am to 5：00 pm, but night tours of the lantern－lit streets run until 10：00 pm.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四川的三个各具特色的旅游目的地：稻城亚丁、乐山大佛和阆中古城，为不同兴趣的旅行者提供了旅游建议。
1．What should visitors prepare for when going to Daocheng Yading？(　B　)
A．Boat tours. B．Altitude adaptation.
C．Lantern show tickets. D．Warm clothing.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Daocheng Yading”部分“Note that altitude sickness is common—visitors are advised to rest for a day in Daocheng County before heading up.”可知，游客前往稻城亚丁需要提前在稻城县休息以适应高原环境，应对高原反应。故选B。
2．Which month is recommended for visiting both Leshan Giant Buddha and Daocheng Yading？(　C　)
A．March. B．June.
C．October. D．December.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Daocheng Yading”部分“The best months are May to June (wildflowers)and September to October (golden forests)．”以及“Leshan Giant Buddha”部分“Avoid summer crowds—spring(March－April)or autumn(October－November)is better.”可知，十月适合游览稻城亚丁和乐山大佛。故选C。
3．What makes Langzhong Ancient Town different from the other two attractions？(　C　)
A．It has historical buildings.
B．It requires a combined ticket.
C．It's suitable for year－round visits.
D．It features natural scenery.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Daocheng Yading”部分推荐的最佳游览月份、“Leshan Giant Buddha”部分推荐的游览季节以及“Langzhong Ancient Town”部分“Unlike natural sites, it's enjoyable year－round, though winter can be chilly.”可知，阆中古城与其他两个景点的不同之处在于全年都适合游览。故选C。
(2026·广西南宁开学考试)
Enric Sala is a former university professor, and quit the academic field to become a full－time environmental protector.In 2008, he founded Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research, public policy and media to inspire the creation of ocean protection areas.It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity.Less than 8% is currently protected.
To date, the project has helped to create 29 of the largest ocean reserves on the planet, covering an area of over 6.9 million square kilometers, an area which is twice the size of India.The achievements are the result of Enric's 36 trips across the globe, from the Southern Line Islands to Greenland and Alaska.
The ongoing ocean protection efforts show Enric's lifelong passion.He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer.Growing up in Catalonia in the 1970s, he would sit in front of TV watching his hero every Sunday.He was fascinated by the amazing places, the brave underwater explorers and the wonderful creatures.All was what he wanted to do in his life.
Enric writes that in the last century alone, humans have removed over 90% of the ocean's large fish, yet less than 8% of the ocean is under protection.It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet.All humans must do is rewild the sea.Enric writes that preserving the planet's wild places, on land and in the ocean, is a matter of human survival and economic importance in his book, The Nature of Nature：Why We Need the Wild, published in 2020.The process of rewilding, or recovering and protecting natural processes, allows nature to do the hard work for us.
Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park, Mozambique National Parks, and the Southern Line Islands, Enric adds that our natural world can be a lasting and strong engine of regeneration (再生)，and that we just need to give it some space.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Enric Sala及其创立的Pristine Seas项目在海洋保护方面的努力与理念。
4．What is the goal of Pristine Seas by the year they set？(　B　)
A．To protect at least a third of the ocean.
B．To conserve a minimum of 30% of the ocean.
C．To document underwater species in Catalonia.
D.To build 29 of the largest ocean reserves on Earth.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity.”可知，Pristine Seas设定的目标是到2030年保护至少30%的海洋。故选B。
5．What inspired Enric to devote himself to ocean protection？(　D　)
A．His dream of becoming a famous sea explorer.
B．His tiring experience as a university professor.
C.His passion for the unknown underwater world.
D.His admiration for what a French filmmaker did.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer…All was what he wanted to do in his life.”可知，Enric受一位法国电影制作人所做之事的激励，投身海洋保护事业。故选D。
6．According to Enric, what is essential to hold the ocean's benefits to humans？(　A　)
A．Rewilding the sea.
B．Strengthening fishing activities.
C．Increasing ocean exploration.
D．Educating people on marine life.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet.All humans must do is rewild the sea.”可知，Enric认为让海洋持续为人类带来益处的关键是让海洋恢复野生状态。故选A。
7．Why does Enric mention the example of the wildlife recovery successes？(　B　)
A．To highlight the importance of national parks.
B.To prove that nature can regenerate if given space.
C.To criticize the impact of human activities on wildlife.
D.To compare different methods of environmental protection.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park…and that we just need to give it some space.”可知，Enric提到野生动物恢复成功的例子是为了证明如果给自然空间，自然能够再生。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·广东深圳摸底)
Hasdeo Aranya forest is one of the largest undamaged forest areas in India.Covering an area of over 657 square miles, the forest provides crucial __1__ for the 15,000 indigenous Adivasi people living there.It's also home to __2__ wildlife including elephants and tigers, as well as thousands of unique reptiles and birds.
However, here is the __3__ of one of India's largest coal reserves, and in a country where blackouts __4__ occur, much attention has been centered on __5__ the forest.Some people want it to be a mining center.Even though the Hasdeo Aranya forest is __6__ a no-go zone, the policy didn't come into effect and __7__， more than 21% of India's coal comes from the region.
Several years ago, the government pushed for 21 new mines to be __8__ in the forest, but a local man named Alok Shukla __9__ to let that happen.43-year-old Shukla experienced the __10__ of deforestation from childhood.He __11__ and founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest.The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.
Shukla's efforts paid off.All new mining proposals in the forest were __14__.His commitment has also earned him the 2024 Goldman Environmental Prize, which honors __15__ people who take extraordinary actions to protect our planet.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alok Shukla保护Hasdeo Aranya森林的事迹。
1．(　A　)A.resources B．jobs
C．facilities D．qualifications
解析：句意：这片森林覆盖面积超过657平方英里，为生活在那里的15 000个阿迪瓦西族原住民提供了至关重要的资源。A.resources资源；B.jobs工作；C.facilities设施；D.qualifications资格。根据上文“Hasdeo Aranya forest is one of the largest undamaged forest areas in India.”及常识可知，森林能提供多种资源。故选A。
2．(　C　)A.independent B．simple
C．diverse D．normal
解析：句意：它也是包括大象和老虎在内的多种野生动物以及数千种独特的爬行动物和鸟类的家园。A.independent独立的；B.simple简单的；C.diverse多样的；D.normal正常的。根据下文“including elephants and tigers, as well as thousands of unique reptiles and birds”可知，森林的野生动物种类丰富多样。故选C。
3．(　D　)A.no-go zone B．market
C．security boundary D．location
解析：句意：然而，这里是印度最大的煤炭储备地之一，而且在一个经常停电的国家，很多注意力都集中在改造这片森林上。A.no-go zone禁区；B.market市场；C.security boundary安全边界；D.location位置。根据空后“of one of India's largest coal reserves”可知，此处指煤炭储备的位置。故选D。
4．(　B　)A.naturally B．frequently
C．eventually D．actually
解析：句意同上。A.naturally自然地；B.frequently频繁地；C.eventually最终；D.actually实际上。根据下文“Some people want it to be a mining center.”及常识可知，因停电频繁才想开发煤炭资源。故选B。
5．(　C　)A.protecting B．observing
C．transforming D．controlling
解析：句意同上。A.protecting保护；B.observing观察；C.transforming改造；D.controlling控制。根据下文“Some people want it to be a mining center.”可知，人们想把森林改造成采矿中心。故选C。
6．(　B　)A.left B．considered
C．found D．kept
解析：句意：尽管Hasdeo Aranya森林被认为是禁区，但这项政策没有生效，结果，印度21%以上的煤炭来自该地区。A.left离开；B.considered认为；C.found发现；D.kept保持。根据空后“a no－go zone”可知，森林在政策上被认定为禁区，be considered (as)意为“被认为是”。故选B。
7．(　C　)A.in that moment B．by all means
C．as a result D．in a way
解析：句意同上。A.in that moment在那一刻；B.by all means无论如何；C.as a result结果；D.in a way在某种程度上。根据上文“the policy didn't come into effect”以及下文“more than 21% of India's coal comes from the region”可知，政策没有生效，导致煤炭来自该地区。故选C。
8．(　D　)A.buried B．discovered
C．withdrawn D．placed
解析：句意：几年前，政府推动在森林中设置21个新的煤矿，但一个名叫Alok Shukla的当地人拒绝让这种情况发生。A.buried埋葬；B.discovered发现；C.withdrawn撤回；D.placed放置，设置。根据上文“Some people want it to be a mining center.”以及空前“the government pushed for 21 new mines”可知，政府想在森林里设置新煤矿。故选D。
9．(　D　)A.failed B．struggled
C．expected D．refused
解析：句意同上。A.failed失败；B.struggled挣扎；C.expected期望；D.refused拒绝。根据下文“The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.”可知，Shukla采取行动保护森林，拒绝让开矿之事发生。故选D。
10．(　A　)A.effects B．puzzles
C．challenges D．plans
解析：句意：43岁的Shukla从小就经历了森林砍伐的影响。A.effects影响；B.puzzles谜题；C.challenges挑战；D.plans计划。根据空后“deforestation from childhood”以及下文Shukla保护森林的行动可知，他经历过森林砍伐带来的影响。故选A。
11．(　B　)A.took off B．stepped up
C．slowed down D．stayed away
解析：句意：他站出来并成立了拯救Hasdeo Aranya抵抗委员会来倡导保护森林。A.took off起飞，脱下；B.stepped up站出来，挺身而出；C.slowed down减速；D.stayed away远离。根据下文“founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest”可知，Shukla为保护森林采取行动，挺身而出成立组织。故选B。
12．(　A　)A.preservation B．examination
C．study D．restriction
解析：句意同上。A.preservation保护；B.examination检查；C.study研究；D.restriction限制。根据上文“Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee”可知，该组织的目的是保护森林。故选A。
13．(　B　)A.confirmed B．included
C．postponed D．clarified
解析：句意：抗议活动包括许多事件，比如鼓励情侣在他们的婚礼请柬上写上“Save Hasdeo”。A.confirmed确认；B.included包括；C.postponed推迟；D.clarified澄清。根据空后“many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations”可知，鼓励情侣写标语是抗议活动包含的内容。故选B。
14．(　C　)A.reserved B．discussed
C．canceled D．submitted
解析：句意：森林里所有新的采矿提案都被取消了。A.reserved保留；B.discussed讨论；C.canceled取消；D.submitted提交。根据上文“Shukla's efforts paid off.”可知，努力有了好结果，新采矿提案被取消了。故选C。
15．(　D　)A.generous B．proud
C．energetic D．ordinary
解析：句意：他的奉献也为他赢得了2024年戈德曼环境奖，该奖项表彰为保护我们的星球采取非凡行动的普通人。A.generous慷慨的；B.proud自豪的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.ordinary普通的。根据上文“a local man named Alok Shukla”可知，Shukla是普通人，因保护地球的非凡行动获此奖项。故选D。
课时作业18
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·浙江台金七校联考)
In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs)have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars.However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution.Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases.Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles.
Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated.In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize.The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced.Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly.Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas.They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air.
Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts.The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling.However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.
The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials.This practice should be adopted more widely.The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced.Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals.Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们担忧其对环境产生的影响，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望。
1．What is the main concern about electric vehicles？(　C　)
A．Their high production costs.
B．Their limited driving range.
C．Their potential negative environmental impact.
D.Their competition with traditional gasoline-powered cars.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing…emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases.”可知，人们对电动汽车的主要担忧是其对环境的实际影响。故选C。
2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph？(　B　)
A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized.
B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity.
C．Renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging.
D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases…only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.”可知，电动汽车的环境优势取决于电力来源，可再生能源占比增加会使其优势更明显。故选B。
3．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs？(　C　)
A.Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately.
B.Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants.
C．Optimizing the location of charging stations.
D.Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.”和第四段“The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.”可知，更实际的措施包括优化充电站位置。故选C。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text？(　C　)
A.Electric Vehicles：A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment
B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries
C.Electric Vehicles：A Threat or a Hope for the Environment
D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs)have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline－powered cars.However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.”可知，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开，探讨其是威胁还是希望，故“电动汽车：对环境的威胁还是希望？ ”适合作文章标题。故选C。
(2025·河南豫东、豫北十所名校阶段测试)
Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries so that its recycling plants can function smoothly.Less than 1 percent of Swedish household waste was sent to landfills (垃圾填埋场)last year or any year since 2011.
We can only dream of such an effective system in the UK, which is why we end up paying expensive transport costs to send rubbish to be recycled overseas rather than paying fines to send it to landfills under The Landfill Tax of 1996.
Why are we sending waste to Sweden Their system is so far ahead because of a culture of looking after the environment.Sweden was one of the first countries to place a heavy tax on fossil fuels in 1991 and now sources almost half its electricity from renewables.
“In Sweden, people are quite crazy about being out in nature and they have a clear idea of what needs to be done on nature and environmental problems.We worked on communications for a long time to make people not throw things outdoors so that we can recycle and reuse，” says Anria-Carin Gripwall, director of communications for Avfall Sverige, the Swedish Waste Management's recycling association.
Over time, Sweden has carried out a national recycling policy so that even though private companies undertake most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the freezing Swedish winter.“That's a key reason that we have this district network, so we can use the heating from the waste plants.In the southern part of Europe, they don't use the heating from the waste; it just goes out of the chimney.Here we use it as a substitute for fossil fuels，” Ms Gripwall says.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述瑞典回收体系高效，家庭垃圾填埋率极低，还进口他国垃圾，这源于其环保文化、早征化石燃料税及全国性回收政策，且将垃圾能源用于供暖。
5．Why has Sweden been importing rubbish from abroad in the past few years？(　B　)
A．To try out its recycling system.
B．To keep its recycling plants running.
C．To stop rubbish ending up in landfills.
D．To make greater profits from rubbish.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries so that its recycling plants can function smoothly.”可知，瑞典从他国进口垃圾是为了让本国的垃圾回收工厂正常运转。故选B。
6．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “sources” in paragraph 3？(　C　)
A．Consumes. B．Saves.
C．Obtains. D．Improves.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Sweden was one of the first countries to place a heavy tax on fossil fuels in 1991”以及“almost half its electricity from renewables”可知，瑞典1991年就对化石燃料征收重税，如今近一半电力来自可再生能源，故source意为“获得”，与obtain同义。故选C。
7．How does Sweden handle the heating from the waste plants？(　A　)
A．By making use of it to heat homes.
B．By exchanging it for fossil fuels.
C．By selling it to other countries.
D．By sending it out from the chimney.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Over time, Sweden has carried out a national recycling policy so that even though private companies undertake most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the freezing Swedish winter.”可知，瑞典人通过回收利用废弃物为房屋供暖。故选A。
8．What conclusion can be drawn from the text？(　D　)
A.People in Sweden will be fined if they don't have their waste recycled.
B.Swedish rarely get close to nature to avoid harming it.
C.Waste is imported and burnt mainly by the government in Sweden.
D．Swedish have a strong environmental awareness.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“In Sweden, people are quite crazy about being out in nature and they have a clear idea of what needs to be done on nature and environmental problems.”可推知，瑞典人的环境意识很强。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·湖南长沙二模)
Smart Green Cities：Urban Solutions
Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.1(____)Through innovative technologies and eco-friendly designs, urban areas are transforming into sustainable living spaces that balance human needs with environmental protection.
2(____)Solar panels now cover rooftops of office buildings, while wind turbines (涡轮机)spin silently along coastlines.In Amsterdam, floating solar farms on canals generate power without occupying land.These renewable sources provide over 40% of energy in advanced cities like Copenhagen.More importantly, smart grids automatically adjust power distribution through AI algorithms, reducing power blackout risks by 65% according to EU urban reports.
Transportation systems are undergoing revolutionary changes.3(____)In Singapore，sensor-equipped buses communicate with traffic lights to minimize waiting time, cutting commute (通勤)durations by 18%．Meanwhile, shared electric motorcycles reduce private car usage by 28% in Tokyo's business districts.Oslo has taken this further by banning fossil-fuel vehicles entirely within city centers since 2023.
Green architecture plays a vital role in urban cooling.Vertical gardens covering skyscrapers not only absorb CO2 but also lower indoor temperatures by 5℃－8℃.4(____)Rainwater recycling systems installed (安装)in 73% of new Berlin apartments demonstrate this trend, saving 120 liters per household daily.Additionally, bio-concrete walls that absorb pollution are being tested in Mexico City's subway stations.
Citizen participation remains key to success.Mobile apps like “EcoWatcher” allow residents to report environmental issues instantly, with 92% of complaints resolved within 48 hours in Seoul's pilot program.5(____)Through collective efforts supported by technology，smart green cities are becoming achievable realities worldwide.
A.Urban planners prioritize eco-friendly zones nowadays.
B.Such designs also cut air conditioning costs significantly.
C.Energy efficiency starts with renewable power generation.
D.However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments.
E.Self-driving electric buses replace traditional fuel-based vehicles.
F.Real-time data helps authorities monitor energy consumption patterns.
G.Advanced waste sorting robots have been introduced in subway stations.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能绿色城市的概念，通过技术创新和环保设计，城市正转变为可持续发展的居住空间，涵盖能源、交通、建筑及公民参与等方面。
1．D　解析：根据上文“Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.”可知，现代城市面临污染和能源浪费等挑战，此处进行转折，引出解决办法。故D选项“However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments.”符合语境，且与下文“innovative technologies and eco-friendly designs”呼应。故选D。
2．C　解析：根据下文“Solar panels now cover rooftops of office buildings, while wind turbines (涡轮机)spin silently along coastlines.”可知，下文列举了太阳能、风能等可再生能源的应用，此处需点明可再生能源发电的重要性。故C选项“Energy efficiency starts with renewable power generation.”符合语境，且与下文“Solar panels”和“wind turbines”呼应。故选C。
3．E　解析：根据上文“Transportation systems are undergoing revolutionary changes.”以及下文新加坡交通系统变革的例子可知，此处需举例说明交通系统的变革。故E选项“Self-driving electric buses replace traditional fuel-based vehicles.”符合语境，且与下文“sensor-equipped buses”呼应。故选E。
4．B　解析：根据上文“Vertical gardens covering skyscrapers not only absorb CO2 but also lower indoor temperatures by 5℃－8℃.”可知，上文讲垂直花园的降温作用，此处需进一步说明垂直花园的其他作用。故B选项“Such designs also cut air conditioning costs significantly.”符合语境，“Such designs”指代上文“Vertical gardens”。故选B。
5．F　解析：根据上文“Mobile apps like ‘EcoWatcher’ allow residents to report environmental issues instantly, with 92% of complaints resolved within 48 hours in Seoul's pilot program.”可知，上文讲公民通过应用程序参与环保，此处需说明这些数据的作用。故F选项“Real-time data helps authorities monitor energy consumption patterns.”符合语境，“Real-time data”与上文“Mobile apps”呼应。故选F。(共168张PPT)
必修第三册　
Unit 1　Nature in the balance
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
In the vast expanse of our planet, the 1.soil (n. 土壤)supports diverse 2.ecosystems (n.生态系统)across different 3.regions (n. 地区)and 4.continents (n. 大陆). It is estimated that there are over a 5.million (num. 一百万)different 6.species (n. 物种)that inhabit these lands, contributing to the rich tapestry (挂毯)of 7.wildlife (n. 野生动植物)．

soil
ecosystems
regions
continents
million
species
wildlife
8．Beneath (prep. 在……下面)the surface, the soil holds a 9.mass (n. 大量)of 10.microorganisms (n. 微生物)that aid in 11.nutrient (n.营养素)cycling, 12.thus (adv. 因此)ensuring the health of the land. However, human activities have had a significant 13.impact (n. 影响). Changes in the 14.climate (n. 气候)，worsen by the release of 15.poisonous (adj. 有毒的)16.gases (n. 气体)，have led to extreme weather conditions like 17.droughts (n. 干旱)，affecting vast 18.belts (n. 地带)of land.
Beneath
mass
microorganisms
nutrient
thus
impact
climate
poisonous
gases
droughts
belts
Despite the bitter 19.image (n. 形象)，there are glimmers of hope. Environmentalists 20.track (v. 跟踪)the health of these ecosystems. In some areas, the 21.residents (n. 居民)have taken the 22.chief (adj. 主要的)role in conservation, often 23.protesting (v. 抗议)against 24.harmful (adj. 有害的)policies. The 25.process (n. 过程)of conservation requires a multi-faceted approach, involving not just one 26.policy (n.政策)but a collective 27.strategy (n. 策略)．
image
track
residents
chief
protesting
harmful
process
policy
strategy
Modern solutions, such as 28.recycling (v. 回收再利用)waste is being adopted 29.globally (adv.全球地). Even in urban settings, initiatives like green 30.subways (n. 地铁)are becoming popular. While the challenges are huge, the efforts of the past and present generations provide hope for a balanced coexistence with nature.
recycling
globally
subways
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·九省联考)Simple and relatively harmless (harm)household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.
②(2025·全国一卷)Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful (harm)microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.
③Farmers can use the spray to kill weeds without harming (harm)the soy crop.

A
重难考点
harmless
harmful
harming
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④他们通常不雇用未经训练的工人，但你去碰碰运气不会有害处。
→They don't usually employ untrained workers, but it doesn't do any harm to try your fortune．
→They don't usually employ untrained workers，but there's no harm in trying your fortune．(应用文写作之建议信)
do any
harm to try your fortune
there's no harm
in trying your fortune
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　It is well known that a great many human activities are harmful to our home—Earth.(应用文写作之建议信)
众所周知，众多的人类活动对我们的家园——地球，造成了危害。
(1)do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm 伤害某人
There is no harm in doing… 做……无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to… 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
2 variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①As in China，the climate in Canada varies with/by the area.
②(2023·全国乙卷)Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients than they used to.
③The documents varied in length and quality.
④The temperature in the desert shows great variation (various)throughout the day.

with/by
a
in
variation
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤我有许多爱好，从打篮球到弹钢琴。
→I have a number of hobbies, varying from playing basketball to playing the piano. (现在分词短语作状语)
→I have a number of hobbies, which vary from playing basketball to playing the piano．(定语从句)
varying from playing basketball to
which vary from playing basketball to
playing the piano
playing the piano
知识归纳
(1)various adj. 各种各样的(a variety of/varieties of)
(2)vary v. 变化；改变；使多样化
vary from…to… ……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with/by… 随……而变化
(3)variation n. 变化；变动
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I chose to paint the beautiful flower garden, which is dotted with vibrant colors and various flowers.
我选择画美丽的花园，那里点缀着各种鲜艳的色彩和各式各样的花朵。
3 survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded(丢弃的)food.
②She survived her husband by ten years.
③(2021·浙江1月卷)But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived (survive)．
④Companies are struggling for survival (survive)in the recession.
⑤I was the only survivor (survive)of the accident.
on
by
survived
survival
survivor
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn't about how to survive the storm while it's about learning to dance in the rain.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
Life isn't about how to survive the storm
知识归纳
[名师指津]　survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于难”，因而不要在其宾语前加in或from。
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中活过来
survive on 靠……存活下来
A survive B by＋时间
A比B多活……
(2)survival n．幸存
survivor n. 幸存者
4 application n. 应用，运用；申请
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·北京卷)Not standing a chance against competitive applicants (apply)，I came out of the interview with an upset look.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My mind travelled back to the days when I applied myself (I)to creating Revere's horse.
③He hopes to be a soldier, and he has applied to join (join)the army.
④(2023·全国甲卷)Its ideas can be applied to (应用于)daily life.

applicants
myself
to join
be applied to
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
⑤If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.
→Applying yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Applied to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.(过去分词短语作状语)
→Apply yourself to the job in hand and you'll soon finish it.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Applying yourself to the job in hand,
Applied to the job in hand,
Apply yourself to the job in hand and
知识归纳
(1)apply v. 申请，请求；使用，应用
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
apply (to sb.)for sth.
(向某人)申请某物
apply…to…＝be applied to
把……应用于……
apply oneself to 致力于……(to为介词)
(2)applicant n. 申请人
[写作佳句]　①I'm writing to apply for the position you offered in yesterday's newspaper.(应用文写作之申请信)
我写信申请你们在昨天的报纸上提供的职位。
②I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration/account.(应用文写作之申请信)
如果您能考虑我的申请，我会不胜感激。
5 defence (AmE defense)n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①My wife and I used pepper spray to defend ourselves from/against being attacked by the polar bear.
②In defence of the animals close to extinction，Tom determined to do something to prevent them from harming the animals.
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little defensive (defend)，it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.

from/against
In
defensive
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。
→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow. (defence)
→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed to defend his son like an arrow. (defend)(读后续写之动作描写；比喻修辞手法)
in defence of his son
defend his son
知识归纳
(1)in defence of/in one's defence
为某人辩护；捍卫……
(2)defend v. 防御；保卫；辩护
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend against 防御；抵抗
defend sb./oneself/sth. against/from… 保护某人/某物不受……的伤害
(3)defensive adj. 防御的，保护的
[写作佳句]　(2025·北京卷)In my defence, I did what we've all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances.
我辩解一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事——重复别人灌输的观点，却没有去探究其中的细微差别。
6 consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2025·浙江1月卷)Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences (consequence)of their decisions.
②She knew that she would have to take the consequences (consequent)for her actions.
③Many species have died out as a result of human activities.
④His long illness and consequent (consequently)absence put him far behind in his work.

consequences
consequences
of
consequent
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤人类跟踪并且捕杀动物，因此，生态系统被破坏了。
→Human beings tracked and killed animals. Consequently, the ecosystem was destroyed.
→Human beings tracked and killed animals. As a consequence/result, the ecosystem was destroyed. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
Consequently,
As a consequence/result,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　The atmosphere is becoming warmer and warmer as a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
由于温室气体排放量的增加，大气正变得越来越暖。
(1)as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result 结果，因此
as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于……
take the consequences 承担后果
(2)consequently adv. 因此；所以
(3)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的
7 in turn 依次，轮流；相应地，转而
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①You can't all do it together; you'll have to take turns (turn)．
②It was my turn to get (get)a ticket when someone cut in line.
③After a period of illness, her health took a turn for the better.
④Her suggestion is that we should do this by turns.
⑤She offered to help him with his homework in return for a ride to the store.

turns
to get
for
by
in
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥不要害怕困难。它们可以帮助你积累经验，而经验反过来又可以开阔你的视野。
Don't be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience can broaden your horizons in turn. (应用文写作之建议信)
experience can broaden your horizons in turn
知识归纳
(1)take turns to do… 轮流做……
by turns/take turns 轮流
It is one's turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事。
take a turn for the better
有所好转，变得更好
(2)It turns/turned out that… 结果是……
(3)in return 作为回报
[写作佳句]　It turned out that the situation was less severe than expected, and with effort and determination, they overcame the challenges they faced.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
结果是情况没有预期的严峻，他们通过努力和决心克服了面临的挑战。
8 due to 由于，因为
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
②The English version of the novel is due to be published (publish)next year.
③Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.
④The slide set is due for grading three days after the presentation.

to
to be published
to
for
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我希望您对我的申请给予适当考虑。
I hope you will give my application due consideration．(应用文写作之申请信)
give my application due consideration
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　The sports meeting, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather.(应用文写作之通知)
原预计上周五举行的运动会最终因为恶劣的天气被推迟。
due adj. 预定的；预期的；到期的；欠下的；应有的；合适的
be due to do sth.预期做某事
be due to sb. 应付给/给予某人
be due for sth. 应有某物；应得到某物
due consideration 适当的考虑
9 come up with想出，想到；拿出；提出
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Please tell me further how it came about that the dinosaur disappeared.
②My former colleague's first novel came out, which made me proud of him.
③After much discussion, a solution to the problem finally came up．
④(2023·全国甲卷)Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself).
⑤(人教版选必一U2)Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes.
about
out,
up
when
on
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥在日常生活中，我们将遇到各种各样的困难，但是我们应努力克服它们。
In our daily life, we will come across various difficulties, but we should try to break them down.(应用文写作之建议信)
come across various difficulties,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　Furthermore, when teachers' questions come up in class, you should try to come up with answers.(应用文写作之建议信)
此外，当老师在课堂上提出问题时，你应该尝试想出答案。
come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on加油；到来；得了吧；开始；出场
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come up走近；上来；被提出
when it comes to… 当谈及……
10 句型公式：倍数表达法
(教材原句)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China．
亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①This street is four times the length of that one.
②The population in our region is three times what it was 20 years ago.
③Young people used the Internet more than three times as often as the general population in 2014.

of
what
as
④This building is three times higher (high)than that one.
⑤The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥这部纪录片讲述了我们公司的发展。现在，我们新公司的面积是5年前的三倍大。
The documentary tells about the development of our firm. Now our new firm is three times the size of what it was five years ago.(应用文写作之报道)
higher
that
three times the size of
知识归纳
常见的倍数表达法有：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length…)＋of＋B
(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
(5)the＋计量名词(size/weight/length…)＋of＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that＋of＋其他
[写作佳句]　The elephant stood forty times as tall as the mouse, its long trunk reaching high into the sky.(读后续写之外貌描写)
大象的高度是老鼠的四十倍，它长长的鼻子高高地伸向天空。
11 句型公式：while 引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①(2023·全国甲卷)Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home (当在家时)．
②Some of us were responsible for picking apples, while others packed them (而另一些人将它们打包)．
while at home
while others packed
them
③After a while (过了一会儿)，I pulled myself to my feet and found my way to the street.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④尽管我们不能预测未来将会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来自我指引。
While we can't predict what will happen in the future, we can guide ourselves with determination and love.(读后续写之主旨升华句)
After a while
While we can't predict what will happen in the future,
知识归纳
(1)while意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)，表示转折。
(2)while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)while意为“然而；可是”，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。
(4)while用作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。
[写作佳句]　While walking in the park, I couldn't help but notice the beauty of the trees, their leaves shimmering in the sunlight.(读后续写之环境描写)
当我在公园散步时，我无法不注意到树木的美丽，它们的叶子在阳光下闪烁。
12 句型公式：so 引导的倒装句
(教材原句)As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals．
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①If my brother takes part in the competition to be held next week, so shall/will I.
②He didn't know what that would be, and nor/neither did I.
③—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.
—So he is (他的确如此)，and so are you (你也是)．
shall/will
nor/neither
So he is
so are you
④I hadn't been to the continent before and neither/nor had Jane(简也没有)．
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤玛丽生于澳大利亚，住在美国。简也是。
→Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. 　　So it was with Jane．
→Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States.　　 It was the same with Jane.
neither/nor had Jane
So it was with Jane
It was the same with Jane
知识归纳
(1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，用于肯定陈述句之后，意为“……也是如此”，表示上句所谈到的情况也适用于另一主语，so用来代替上句的内容。
(2)如果下文表示的是对上文所述情况的赞成或肯定，则仅把so放于句首，其后用正常语序。
(3)如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一个人或物时，则需要用“So it is/was with…”或“It is/was the same with…”。
(4)“nor/neither＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“……也不”。
[写作佳句]　He enjoys chatting with friends on the Internet, and so does she．
他喜欢在网上和朋友聊天，她也如此。
[查漏补缺]
1．At length (long)，the day came on which we were to leave.
2．The computer has had a great impact on modern life in the past decades.
3．They often run at high speed, which may put our lives in danger.
4．Running is not only a good way to build up our strength but also helps us relax.
5．The teacher's enthusiasm for teaching breathed (breath)life into the classroom, motivating her students to achieve their full potential.
B
拾遗考点
length
on
in
up
breathed
6．(2024·全国甲卷)If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.
7．Life is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.
8．Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
9．After a while, a good idea sprang to Mac's mind.
10．To help local people get rid of poverty, he came up with some strategies.
down
of
for
to
of
知识点拨
1.breathe life into 给……带来起色，给……注入活力
2. be made up of 由……组成
3．at length 详尽地；最后；终于
4．put…in danger 使……处于危险中
5．have an impact on 对……有影响
6．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
7．build up 使强健，增强
8．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
9．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
10．call for (公开)要求；需要
我的收获：__________________________________________________
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多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species (species)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
2．She remained committed to her studies and applied herself to them with great diligence.
3．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety (vary)．
species
to
variety
4．Mrs Smith, who is a very organized (organize)woman, works as president of a large organization. She is organizing a conference to be held next week with her assistants.
5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical (economic)，sustainable and fun way to explore the city.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals (chemical)in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
7．Devoted to teaching, consequently, he earned his students' trust, which led to other positive consequences (consequence)．
organized
economical
chemicals
consequences
8．After becoming an important part of many British streets，the phone boxes began disappearing (disappear)in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
9．It's said that the famous artist survived his wife by two years.
10．(2024·全国甲卷)The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer，rural areas.
disappearing
by
with
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．break down
(1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news.D
(2)(2023·浙江1月卷)We desire our school to organise more activities like this，which can not only break down our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.E
(3)Talks between the two sides had broken down, which made us disappointed.C
A.使分解(为)，使变化(成)B．(身体等)垮掉　C．(谈判等)失败　D．(情感等)失控　E．打破，消除
D
E
C
(4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.B
(5)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.A
A.使分解(为)，使变化(成)B．(身体等)垮掉　C．(谈判等)失败　D．(情感等)失控　E．打破，消除
B
A
2．apply
(1)The suggestions I put forward apply to both daily study arrangements and extracurricular activity planning.D
(2)(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.A
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.C
(4)Apply the cream to your face and neck before going out so as to protect your skin.B
A.vi. 申请　B．vt. 涂抹　C．vt. 应用　D．v. 有关；涉及
D
A
C
B
3．track
(1)It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track．B
(2)We saw wild animals' tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer's.A
A.n. 足迹，轨迹；车辙　B．n. 小路，小径　C．n. 跑道　D．v. 跟踪，追踪
B
A
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.D
(4)The teacher asked them to run five times round the track as punishment.C
A.n. 足迹，轨迹；车辙　B．n. 小路，小径　C．n. 跑道　D．v. 跟踪，追踪
D
C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Actually, all the living languages experienced many changes and developments.adj. 在使用的
点拨：living(熟义)adj. 活着的 n. 生计。此处意为“在使用的”。
(2)I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand.n. 辩护，辩解
点拨：defence(熟义)n. 防御，保护。此处意为“辩护，辩解”。
(3)Brazil began importing soybeans (大豆)to process at home.
v. 加工，处理
点拨：process(熟义)n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程。此处用作动词，意为“加工，处理”。
adj. 在使用的
n. 辩护，辩解
v. 加工，处理
(4)(2023·全国甲卷)Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.n. 分店
点拨：branch (熟义)n. 树枝； 支流；分支。此处意为“分店”。
n. 分店
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是学生会主席李华，打算联合国际部，策划一个英语沙龙，主题为“Balance in nature”，请你就此写篇英文发言稿。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我们星球上的平衡正受到威胁。
Our planet's balance is under threat．
②这在气候变化和它对各种物种的影响中很明显。
That's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species.
planet's balance is under threat
the climate change and the impact it has on various
species
③不断增加的温室气体导致了海豚等动物栖息地的丧失。
The increasing greenhouse gases have led to the loss of habitat for animals like dolphins．
④这些生物被追踪到物种灭绝的边缘。
These creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction．
⑤这不仅仅是它们的损失，还是对复杂的生命网的重大破坏。
It's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
increasing greenhouse gases
habitat for
are tracked to the edge of extinction
not just their loss but a significant damage to
animals like dolphins
⑥通过这次活动，我们旨在提高人们对维持这种平衡的重要性以及地球上的每个居民在其中所扮演的角色的认识。
Through this event, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of maintaining this balance and the role each resident of the earth plays in it .
⑦让我们一起努力，确保与自然的和谐互动。
Let's work together to ensure a harmonious interaction with nature．
of maintaining this balance and the role each resident of the earth plays in
Let's work together
a harmonious interaction with nature
the importance
it
Step 2句式升级
⑧用同位语从句将句①和句②合并起来
Our planet's balance is under threat, a fact that's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species.
⑨将句④和句⑤用含有when引导的时间状语合并起来
When these creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction, it's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
Our planet's balance is under threat, a fact that's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species.
When these creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction, it's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear fellow students and international department members，
Our planet's balance is under threat, a fact that's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species. The increasing greenhouse gases have led to the loss of habitat for animals like dolphins. When these creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction, it's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
Dear fellow students and international department members，
Our planet's balance is under threat, a fact that's evident in the climate change and the impact it has on various species. The increasing greenhouse gases have led to the loss of habitat for animals like dolphins. When these creatures are tracked to the edge of extinction, it's not just their loss but a significant damage to the complex web of life.
In the light of this, we are organizing an English Salon themed “Balance in nature”. Through this event, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of maintaining this balance and the role each resident of the earth plays in it.
Let's work together to ensure a harmonious interaction with nature.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
In the light of this, we are organizing an English Salon themed “Balance in nature”. Through this event, we aim to raise awareness about the importance of maintaining this balance and the role each resident of the earth plays in it.
Let's work together to ensure a harmonious interaction with nature.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：宽慰与温暖
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.relieved adj. 宽慰的
2．comforted adj. 感到安慰的
3．reassured adj. 安心的
4．relieve vt. 使减轻；使解除(痛苦、忧愁等)
5．relief n. 宽慰
6．comfort n. 舒适， 安逸生活， 安慰 v. 安慰
7．warmly adv. 温暖地
8．warmth n. 温暖
词块 1.a sense of relief 如释重负
2．warm one's heart 温暖人心
3．breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气
4．feel at ease 感到安心
5．peace of mind 内心的平静
6．comforting words 安慰的话语
7．a warm embrace 温暖的拥抱
8．to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．母亲无条件的爱总是使他心中充满温暖。(warmth)
His mother's unconditional love always filled him with warmth in his heart.
2．昨天结束了极具挑战性的期末考试后，她有一种如释重负的感觉。(relief)
She had a sense of relief after finishing the challenging final examination yesterday.

filled him with warmth
a sense of relief
3．孩子们天真无邪的笑声在那个寒冷的冬夜温暖了她的心。(heart)
The children's innocent laughter warmed her heart on that cold winter evening.
4．看到搜救队到达， 他们松了一口气。(breathe)
They breathed a sigh of relief when they saw the rescue team arriving.
5．在那段压力重重的时期，有最好朋友的陪伴，她感到安心。(ease)
She felt at ease with her best friend's company during the stressful period.
warmed her heart
breathed a sigh of relief
felt at ease
任务2　语段表达
When Emily finally found her lost puppy after hours of searching, she experienced 1.an overwhelming sense of relief (一种压倒一切的宽慰感)and immediately picked up the scared animal. 2.To her great relief (使她极为宽慰的是)，the puppy was completely unharmed despite being missing for so long. Her neighbor's kind help had brought her 3.peace of mind (内心的平静)throughout the anxious search. As she held her beloved pet close, 4.the comfort of having him back safely (它安全回来的安慰)made her realize how precious their bond was.
an overwhelming sense of relief
To her great relief
peace of mind
the comfort of having him back safely
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害
2．region n. 地区，区域；行政区
3．species n. (pl. species)种，物种
4．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
5．beneath prep. 在……下面，在……下方；配不上
6．impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击
7．damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
A
默写达标
harm
region
species
wildlife
beneath
impact
damage
8．climate n. 气候；倾向，风气
9．absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其
10．track vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
11．resident n. 居民，住户
12．chief n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
13．protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
14．process n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理
15．economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
climate
absolutely
track
resident
chief
protest
process
economic
16．strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
17．recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用
18．subway n. 地铁；地下人行道
19．former adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
20．poverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏
21．habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地
strategy
recycle
subway
former
poverty
habitat
二、拓展单词通变化
1.length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen vt. 使加长；使延长→long adj. 长的
2．variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v. 变化→various adj. 各种各样的
3．towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的→tower vi. 高耸，屹立；超过 n. 塔；塔楼
4．survive vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者

length
lengthen
long
variety
vary
various
towering
tower
survive
survival
survivor
5．disappear vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n. 消失→appear vi. 出现；看来，似乎→appearance n. 出现；外观，外貌
6．agriculture n. 农业，农学→agricultural adj. 农业的
7．global adj. 全球的；全面的→globe n. 世界，地球；地球仪；球体
8．application n. 应用，运用；申请→apply v. 应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n. 申请人
9．entirely adv. 完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj. 完全的
10．profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处→profitable adj. 有利可图的；有益的

disappear
disappearance
appear
appearance
agriculture
agricultural
global
globe
application
apply
applicant
entirely
entire
profit
profitable
11．defence n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt. 保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
12．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→poisonous adj. 有毒的
13．chemical n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师
14．consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj. 随之发生的→consequently adv. 因此；所以

defence
defend
defensive
poison
poisonous
chemical
chemistry
chemist
consequence
consequent
consequently
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．ecosystem n. 生态系统
2．overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 在海外，向国外
3．biodiversity n. 生物多样性
4．mammal n. 哺乳动物
5．frog n. 蛙，青蛙
6．insect n. 昆虫
7．nutrient n. 营养素，营养物
8．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房
9．shark n. 鲨鱼
生态系统
海外的，国外的
在海外，向国外
生物多样性
哺乳动物
蛙，青蛙
昆虫
营养素，营养物
温室，暖房
鲨鱼
10．whale n. 鲸
11．dolphin n. 海豚
12．committee n. 委员会
鲸
海豚
委员会
四、重点短语明搭配
1．in turn 相应地，转而
2．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
3．breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力
4．due to 由于，因为
5．come up with 想出，想到
6．call for (公开)要求；需要
7．spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)
8．get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
9．give rise to 使发生(或存在)
in turn
break down
breathe life into
due to
come up with
call for
spring to mind
get rid of
give rise to
10．play a role in... 在……中起作用，扮演角色
11．be made up of 由……组成
12．sign up 报名

play a role in...
be made up of
sign up
五、教材佳句会运用
1．往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。(完全倒装)
Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
2．尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。(while引导让步状语从句)
While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
3．如果没人去怎么办？(What if... 如果……怎么办？)
What if nobody goes
Above that is
While a significant number of jaguars survive here,
What if nobody goes
4．随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(so引导的倒装句)
As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals．
so does the effect we have
on animals
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He has returned to South Africa from long overseas (海外的)trip.
2．We followed the bear's tracks (足迹)in the snow.
3．Residents (居民)are complaining now because traffic in the area has increased.
4．A girl was crying, protesting (坚持声称)that she didn't want to leave her mother.
5．Don't throw away the newspaper which can be recycled (回收利用). For example, we can make it into an envelope.
B
基础检测
overseas
tracks
Residents
protesting
recycled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The foreigners came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (agriculture)skills.
2．The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction (extinct)of dinosaurs.
3．He is looking into the disappearance (disappear)of the species.
4．A great deal of work has been done to improve people's living (live)standard.
5．You needn't worry, for this experiment is harmless (harm)to the animals.
agricultural
extinction
disappearance
living
harmless
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We hope the new employees can breathe life into our company and promote its development.
2．With the pressure building up, she was off work because she couldn't stand it any more.
3．We were determined to split up with him due to lots of his dishonest behaviors.
4．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.
5．Dr Yuan Longping's rice has helped many people in the world (to)get rid of hunger, so he deserved to be given so many awards.
due to; get rid of; breathe life into; in turn; build up
breathe life into
building up,
due to
in turn
get rid of
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．门开了，一只黄狗冲了出去。(完全倒装)
The door opened and out rushed a yellow dog．
2．尽管一些人声称能预知未来，但这些都没有科学依据。(while引导让步状语从句)
While some people claim they can predict the future, there is no scientific basis behind it.
3．换言之，“如果它不是一个真的机会怎么办？”(What if...？)
That is, “What if it isn't a real opportunity？”
4．坏天气迟早会过去，坏事情也会过去。(so引导的倒装句)
Bad weather will pass sooner or later, so will the negative things．
out rushed a yellow dog
While some people claim they can predict the future,
What if it isn't a real opportunity
so will the negative things
课时作业
返回
课时作业17
课时作业18
课时作业17
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
A
(2025·四川成都六校协作体联考)
Sichuan, a province celebrated for its diverse landscapes and profound cultural roots, offers more than just its iconic landmarks.Beyond the bustling tourist trails lie lesser－known treasures that cater to adventurers, history buffs, and nature enthusiasts alike.These hidden gems, with their unique charm and authentic experiences, promise unforgettable journeys.Here are three such destinations waiting to be explored.
Daocheng Yading
Nestled in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, this remote plateau scenic area is called “the last pure land on Earth”.Its snow－capped peaks (including the 6，032－meter Mt.Chenrezig)，turquoise lakes, and alpine meadows draw adventurers.Note that altitude sickness is common—visitors are advised to rest for a day in Daocheng County before heading up.The best months are May to June (wildflowers)and September to October (golden forests)．Entrance：￥146 (peak season)， ￥120 (off－season)．Open：7：00 am－5：30 pm.
Leshan Giant Buddha
Carved into a cliff along the Min River, this 71－meter－tall statue is the world's largest stone Buddha, built over 90 years during the Tang Dynasty.Unlike mountain hikes, it's accessible via riverside paths and boat tours (￥70 extra)．Avoid summer crowds—spring (March－April)or autumn (October－November)is better.Tickets：￥80 (adults)， free for kids under 1.2m.Open: 8：00 am－6：30 pm (April－October); 8：30 am－5：30 pm (November－March)．
Langzhong Ancient Town
One of China's four best－preserved ancient towns, Langzhong in Nanchong dates back 2，300 years.Its well－preserved city walls, traditional courtyards, and annual Spring Festival lantern shows (featuring 10，000＋ lanterns)attract culture lovers.Unlike natural sites, it's enjoyable year－round, though winter can be chilly.A combined ticket for key attractions (Zhang Fei Temple, Ancient Well Museum)costs ￥110.Most sites open from 8：30 am to 5：00 pm, but night tours of the lantern－lit streets run until 10：00 pm.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四川的三个各具特色的旅游目的地：稻城亚丁、乐山大佛和阆中古城，为不同兴趣的旅行者提供了旅游建议。
1．What should visitors prepare for when going to Daocheng Yading？(　　)
A．Boat tours. B．Altitude adaptation.
C．Lantern show tickets. D．Warm clothing.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Daocheng Yading”部分“Note that altitude sickness is common—visitors are advised to rest for a day in Daocheng County before heading up.”可知，游客前往稻城亚丁需要提前在稻城县休息以适应高原环境，应对高原反应。故选B。
B
2．Which month is recommended for visiting both Leshan Giant Buddha and Daocheng Yading？(　　)
A．March. B．June.
C．October. D．December.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Daocheng Yading”部分“The best months are May to June (wildflowers)and September to October (golden forests)．”以及“Leshan Giant Buddha”部分“Avoid summer crowds—spring(March－April)or autumn(October－November)is better.”可知，十月适合游览稻城亚丁和乐山大佛。故选C。
C
3．What makes Langzhong Ancient Town different from the other two attractions？(　　)
A．It has historical buildings.
B．It requires a combined ticket.
C．It's suitable for year－round visits.
D．It features natural scenery.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Daocheng Yading”部分推荐的最佳游览月份、“Leshan Giant Buddha”部分推荐的游览季节以及“Langzhong Ancient Town”部分“Unlike natural sites, it's enjoyable year－round, though winter can be chilly.”可知，阆中古城与其他两个景点的不同之处在于全年都适合游览。故选C。
C
B
(2026·广西南宁开学考试)
Enric Sala is a former university professor, and quit the academic field to become a full－time environmental protector.In 2008, he founded Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research, public policy and media to inspire the creation of ocean protection areas.It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity.Less than 8% is currently protected.
To date, the project has helped to create 29 of the largest ocean reserves on the planet, covering an area of over 6.9 million square kilometers, an area which is twice the size of India.The achievements are the result of Enric's 36 trips across the globe, from the Southern Line Islands to Greenland and Alaska.
The ongoing ocean protection efforts show Enric's lifelong passion.He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer.Growing up in Catalonia in the 1970s, he would sit in front of TV watching his hero every Sunday.He was fascinated by the amazing places, the brave underwater explorers and the wonderful creatures.All was what he wanted to do in his life.
Enric writes that in the last century alone, humans have removed over 90% of the ocean's large fish, yet less than 8% of the ocean is under protection.It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet.All humans must do is rewild the sea.Enric writes that preserving the planet's wild places, on land and in the ocean, is a matter of human survival and economic importance in his book, The Nature of Nature：Why We Need the Wild, published in 2020.The process of rewilding, or recovering and protecting natural processes, allows nature to do the hard work for us.
Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park, Mozambique National Parks, and the Southern Line Islands, Enric adds that our natural world can be a lasting and strong engine of regeneration (再生)，and that we just need to give it some space.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Enric Sala及其创立的Pristine Seas项目在海洋保护方面的努力与理念。
4．What is the goal of Pristine Seas by the year they set？(　　)
A．To protect at least a third of the ocean.
B．To conserve a minimum of 30% of the ocean.
C．To document underwater species in Catalonia.
D.To build 29 of the largest ocean reserves on Earth.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity.”可知，Pristine Seas设定的目标是到2030年保护至少30%的海洋。故选B。
B
5．What inspired Enric to devote himself to ocean protection？(　　)
A．His dream of becoming a famous sea explorer.
B．His tiring experience as a university professor.
C.His passion for the unknown underwater world.
D.His admiration for what a French filmmaker did.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer…All was what he wanted to do in his life.”可知，Enric受一位法国电影制作人所做之事的激励，投身海洋保护事业。故选D。
D
6．According to Enric, what is essential to hold the ocean's benefits to humans？(　　)
A．Rewilding the sea.
B．Strengthening fishing activities.
C．Increasing ocean exploration.
D．Educating people on marine life.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet.All humans must do is rewild the sea.”可知，Enric认为让海洋持续为人类带来益处的关键是让海洋恢复野生状态。故选A。
A
7．Why does Enric mention the example of the wildlife recovery successes？(　　)
A．To highlight the importance of national parks.
B.To prove that nature can regenerate if given space.
C.To criticize the impact of human activities on wildlife.
D.To compare different methods of environmental protection.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park…and that we just need to give it some space.”可知，Enric提到野生动物恢复成功的例子是为了证明如果给自然空间，自然能够再生。故选B。
B
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·广东深圳摸底)
Hasdeo Aranya forest is one of the largest undamaged forest areas in India.Covering an area of over 657 square miles, the forest provides crucial __1__ for the 15，000 indigenous Adivasi people living there.It's also home to __2__ wildlife including elephants and tigers, as well as thousands of unique reptiles and birds.
However, here is the __3__ of one of India's largest coal reserves, and in a country where blackouts __4__ occur, much attention has been centered on __5__ the forest.Some people want it to be a mining center.Even though the Hasdeo Aranya forest is __6__ a no-go zone, the policy didn't come into effect and __7__， more than 21% of India's coal comes from the region.
Several years ago, the government pushed for 21 new mines to be __8__ in the forest, but a local man named Alok Shukla __9__ to let that happen.43-year-old Shukla experienced the __10__ of deforestation from childhood.He __11__ and founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest.The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.
Shukla's efforts paid off.All new mining proposals in the forest were __14__.His commitment has also earned him the 2024 Goldman Environmental Prize, which honors __15__ people who take extraordinary actions to protect our planet.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alok Shukla保护Hasdeo Aranya森林的事迹。
Hasdeo Aranya forest is one of the largest undamaged forest areas in India.Covering an area of over 657 square miles, the forest provides crucial __1__ for the 15，000 indigenous Adivasi people living there.
1．(　　)A.resources B．jobs
C．facilities D．qualifications
解析：句意：这片森林覆盖面积超过657平方英里，为生活在那里的15 000个阿迪瓦西族原住民提供了至关重要的资源。A.resources资源；B.jobs工作；C.facilities设施；D.qualifications资格。根据上文“Hasdeo Aranya forest is one of the largest undamaged forest areas in India.”及常识可知，森林能提供多种资源。故选A。
答案分析
A
It's also home to __2__ wildlife including elephants and tigers, as well as thousands of unique reptiles and birds.
2．(　　)A.independent B．simple
C．diverse D．normal
解析：句意：它也是包括大象和老虎在内的多种野生动物以及数千种独特的爬行动物和鸟类的家园。A.independent独立的；B.simple简单的；C.diverse多样的；D.normal正常的。根据下文“including elephants and tigers, as well as thousands of unique reptiles and birds”可知，森林的野生动物种类丰富多样。故选C。
C
However, here is the __3__ of one of India's largest coal reserves, and in a country where blackouts __4__ occur, much attention has been centered on __5__ the forest.Some people want it to be a mining center.
3．(　　)A.no-go zone B．market
C．security boundary D．location
解析：句意：然而，这里是印度最大的煤炭储备地之一，而且在一个经常停电的国家，很多注意力都集中在改造这片森林上。A.no-go zone禁区；B.market市场；C.security boundary安全边界；D.location位置。根据空后“of one of India's largest coal reserves”可知，此处指煤炭储备的位置。故选D。
D
However, here is the __3__ of one of India's largest coal reserves, and in a country where blackouts __4__ occur, much attention has been centered on __5__ the forest.Some people want it to be a mining center.
4．(　　)A.naturally B．frequently
C．eventually D．actually
解析：句意同上。A.naturally自然地；B.frequently频繁地；C.eventually最终；D.actually实际上。根据下文“Some people want it to be a mining center.”及常识可知，因停电频繁才想开发煤炭资源。故选B。
B
However, here is the __3__ of one of India's largest coal reserves, and in a country where blackouts __4__ occur, much attention has been centered on __5__ the forest.Some people want it to be a mining center.
5．(　　)A.protecting B．observing
C．transforming D．controlling
解析：句意同上。A.protecting保护；B.observing观察；C.transforming改造；D.controlling控制。根据下文“Some people want it to be a mining center.”可知，人们想把森林改造成采矿中心。故选C。
C
Even though the Hasdeo Aranya forest is __6__ a no-go zone, the policy didn't come into effect and __7__， more than 21% of India's coal comes from the region.
6．(　　)A.left B．considered
C．found D．kept
解析：句意：尽管Hasdeo Aranya森林被认为是禁区，但这项政策没有生效，结果，印度21%以上的煤炭来自该地区。A.left离开；B.considered认为；C.found发现；D.kept保持。根据空后“a no－go zone”可知，森林在政策上被认定为禁区，be considered (as)意为“被认为是”。故选B。
B
Even though the Hasdeo Aranya forest is __6__ a no-go zone, the policy didn't come into effect and __7__， more than 21% of India's coal comes from the region.
7．(　　)A.in that moment B．by all means
C．as a result D．in a way
解析：句意同上。A.in that moment在那一刻；B.by all means无论如何；C.as a result结果；D.in a way在某种程度上。根据上文“the policy didn't come into effect”以及下文“more than 21% of India's coal comes from the region”可知，政策没有生效，导致煤炭来自该地区。故选C。
C
Several years ago, the government pushed for 21 new mines to be __8__ in the forest, but a local man named Alok Shukla __9__ to let that happen.43-year-old Shukla experienced the __10__ of deforestation from childhood.
8．(　　)A.buried B．discovered
C．withdrawn D．placed
解析：句意：几年前，政府推动在森林中设置21个新的煤矿，但一个名叫Alok Shukla的当地人拒绝让这种情况发生。A.buried埋葬；B.discovered发现；C.withdrawn撤回；D.placed放置，设置。根据上文“Some people want it to be a mining center.”以及空前“the government pushed for 21 new mines”可知，政府想在森林里设置新煤矿。故选D。
D
Several years ago, the government pushed for 21 new mines to be __8__ in the forest, but a local man named Alok Shukla __9__ to let that happen.43-year-old Shukla experienced the __10__ of deforestation from childhood.
9．(　　)A.failed B．struggled
C．expected D．refused
解析：句意同上。A.failed失败；B.struggled挣扎；C.expected期望；D.refused拒绝。根据下文“The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.”可知，Shukla采取行动保护森林，拒绝让开矿之事发生。故选D。
D
Several years ago, the government pushed for 21 new mines to be __8__ in the forest, but a local man named Alok Shukla __9__ to let that happen.43-year-old Shukla experienced the __10__ of deforestation from childhood.
10．(　　)A.effects B．puzzles
C．challenges D．plans
解析：句意：43岁的Shukla从小就经历了森林砍伐的影响。A.effects影响；B.puzzles谜题；C.challenges挑战；D.plans计划。根据空后“deforestation from childhood”以及下文Shukla保护森林的行动可知，他经历过森林砍伐带来的影响。故选A。
A
He __11__ and founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest.The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.
11．(　　)A.took off B．stepped up
C．slowed down D．stayed away
解析：句意：他站出来并成立了拯救Hasdeo Aranya抵抗委员会来倡导保护森林。A.took off起飞，脱下；B.stepped up站出来，挺身而出；C.slowed down减速；D.stayed away远离。根据下文“founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest”可知，Shukla为保护森林采取行动，挺身而出成立组织。故选B。
B
He __11__ and founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest.The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.
12．(　　)A.preservation B．examination
C．study D．restriction
解析：句意同上。A.preservation保护；B.examination检查；C.study研究；D.restriction限制。根据上文“Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee”可知，该组织的目的是保护森林。故选A。
A
He __11__ and founded Save Hasdeo Aranya Resistance Committee to advocate for the __12__ of the forest.The protest campaign __13__ many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations.
13．(　　)A.confirmed B．included
C．postponed D．clarified
解析：句意：抗议活动包括许多事件，比如鼓励情侣在他们的婚礼请柬上写上“Save Hasdeo”。A.confirmed确认；B.included包括；C.postponed推迟；D.clarified澄清。根据空后“many events such as encouraging couples to write Save Hasdeo on their wedding invitations”可知，鼓励情侣写标语是抗议活动包含的内容。故选B。
B
Shukla's efforts paid off.All new mining proposals in the forest were __14__.His commitment has also earned him the 2024 Goldman Environmental Prize, which honors __15__ people who take extraordinary actions to protect our planet.
14．(　　)A.reserved B．discussed
C．canceled D．submitted
解析：句意：森林里所有新的采矿提案都被取消了。A.reserved保留；B.discussed讨论；C.canceled取消；D.submitted提交。根据上文“Shukla's efforts paid off.”可知，努力有了好结果，新采矿提案被取消了。故选C。
C
Shukla's efforts paid off.All new mining proposals in the forest were __14__.His commitment has also earned him the 2024 Goldman Environmental Prize, which honors __15__ people who take extraordinary actions to protect our planet.
15．(　　)A.generous B．proud
C．energetic D．ordinary
解析：句意：他的奉献也为他赢得了2024年戈德曼环境奖，该奖项表彰为保护我们的星球采取非凡行动的普通人。A.generous慷慨的；B.proud自豪的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.ordinary普通的。根据上文“a local man named Alok Shukla”可知，Shukla是普通人，因保护地球的非凡行动获此奖项。故选D。
D
课时作业18
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·浙江台金七校联考)
In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs)have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars.However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.
For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution.Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases.Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles.
Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated.In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize.The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced.Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly.Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas.They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air.
Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts.The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling.However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.
The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials.This practice should be adopted more widely.The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced.Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals.Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们担忧其对环境产生的影响，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望。
1．What is the main concern about electric vehicles？(　　)
A．Their high production costs.
B．Their limited driving range.
C．Their potential negative environmental impact.
D.Their competition with traditional gasoline-powered cars.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing…emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases.”可知，人们对电动汽车的主要担忧是其对环境的实际影响。故选C。
C
2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph？(　　)
A．The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized.
B．The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity.
C．Renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging.
D．EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas.
B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases…only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.”可知，电动汽车的环境优势取决于电力来源，可再生能源占比增加会使其优势更明显。故选B。
3．Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs？(　　)
A.Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately.
B.Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants.
C．Optimizing the location of charging stations.
D.Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term.
C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.”和第四段“The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.”可知，更实际的措施包括优化充电站位置。故选C。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text？(　　)
A.Electric Vehicles：A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment
B．The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries
C.Electric Vehicles：A Threat or a Hope for the Environment
D．The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars
C
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs)have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars.However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.”可知，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开，探讨其是威胁还是希望，故“电动汽车：对环境的威胁还是希望？ ”适合作文章标题。故选C。
B
(2025·河南豫东、豫北十所名校阶段测试)
Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries so that its recycling plants can function smoothly.Less than 1 percent of Swedish household waste was sent to landfills (垃圾填埋场)last year or any year since 2011.
We can only dream of such an effective system in the UK, which is why we end up paying expensive transport costs to send rubbish to be recycled overseas rather than paying fines to send it to landfills under The Landfill Tax of 1996.
Why are we sending waste to Sweden Their system is so far ahead because of a culture of looking after the environment.Sweden was one of the first countries to place a heavy tax on fossil fuels in 1991 and now sources almost half its electricity from renewables.
“In Sweden, people are quite crazy about being out in nature and they have a clear idea of what needs to be done on nature and environmental problems.We worked on communications for a long time to make people not throw things outdoors so that we can recycle and reuse，” says Anria-Carin Gripwall, director of communications for Avfall Sverige, the Swedish Waste Management's recycling association.
Over time, Sweden has carried out a national recycling policy so that even though private companies undertake most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the freezing Swedish winter.“That's a key reason that we have this district network, so we can use the heating from the waste plants.In the southern part of Europe, they don't use the heating from the waste; it just goes out of the chimney.Here we use it as a substitute for fossil fuels，” Ms Gripwall says.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述瑞典回收体系高效，家庭垃圾填埋率极低，还进口他国垃圾，这源于其环保文化、早征化石燃料税及全国性回收政策，且将垃圾能源用于供暖。
5．Why has Sweden been importing rubbish from abroad in the past few years？(　　)
A．To try out its recycling system.
B．To keep its recycling plants running.
C．To stop rubbish ending up in landfills.
D．To make greater profits from rubbish.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Sweden is so good at recycling that, for several years, it has imported rubbish from other countries so that its recycling plants can function smoothly.”可知，瑞典从他国进口垃圾是为了让本国的垃圾回收工厂正常运转。故选B。
B
6．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “sources” in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Consumes. B．Saves.
C．Obtains. D．Improves.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Sweden was one of the first countries to place a heavy tax on fossil fuels in 1991”以及“almost half its electricity from renewables”可知，瑞典1991年就对化石燃料征收重税，如今近一半电力来自可再生能源，故source意为“获得”，与obtain同义。故选C。
C
7．How does Sweden handle the heating from the waste plants？(　　)
A．By making use of it to heat homes.
B．By exchanging it for fossil fuels.
C．By selling it to other countries.
D．By sending it out from the chimney.
A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Over time, Sweden has carried out a national recycling policy so that even though private companies undertake most of the business of importing and burning waste, the energy goes into a national heating network to heat homes through the freezing Swedish winter.”可知，瑞典人通过回收利用废弃物为房屋供暖。故选A。
8．What conclusion can be drawn from the text？(　　)
A.People in Sweden will be fined if they don't have their waste recycled.
B.Swedish rarely get close to nature to avoid harming it.
C.Waste is imported and burnt mainly by the government in Sweden.
D．Swedish have a strong environmental awareness.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“In Sweden, people are quite crazy about being out in nature and they have a clear idea of what needs to be done on nature and environmental problems.”可推知，瑞典人的环境意识很强。故选D。
D
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·湖南长沙二模)
Smart Green Cities：Urban Solutions
Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.1(____)Through innovative technologies and eco-friendly designs, urban areas are transforming into sustainable living spaces that balance human needs with environmental protection.
2(____)Solar panels now cover rooftops of office buildings, while wind turbines (涡轮机)spin silently along coastlines.In Amsterdam, floating solar farms on canals generate power without occupying land.These renewable sources provide over 40% of energy in advanced cities like Copenhagen.More importantly, smart grids automatically adjust power distribution through AI algorithms, reducing power blackout risks by 65% according to EU urban reports.
Transportation systems are undergoing revolutionary changes.3(____)In Singapore，sensor-equipped buses communicate with traffic lights to minimize waiting time, cutting commute (通勤)durations by 18%．Meanwhile, shared electric motorcycles reduce private car usage by 28% in Tokyo's business districts.Oslo has taken this further by banning fossil－fuel vehicles entirely within city centers since 2023.
Green architecture plays a vital role in urban cooling.Vertical gardens covering skyscrapers not only absorb CO2 but also lower indoor temperatures by 5℃－8℃.4(____)Rainwater recycling systems installed (安装)in 73% of new Berlin apartments demonstrate this trend, saving 120 liters per household daily.Additionally, bio-concrete walls that absorb pollution are being tested in Mexico City's subway stations.
Citizen participation remains key to success.Mobile apps like “EcoWatcher” allow residents to report environmental issues instantly, with 92% of complaints resolved within 48 hours in Seoul's pilot program.5(____)Through collective efforts supported by technology，smart green cities are becoming achievable realities worldwide.
A.Urban planners prioritize eco-friendly zones nowadays.
B.Such designs also cut air conditioning costs significantly.
C.Energy efficiency starts with renewable power generation.
D.However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments.
E.Self-driving electric buses replace traditional fuel-based vehicles.
F.Real-time data helps authorities monitor energy consumption patterns.
G.Advanced waste sorting robots have been introduced in subway stations.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智能绿色城市的概念，通过技术创新和环保设计，城市正转变为可持续发展的居住空间，涵盖能源、交通、建筑及公民参与等方面。
Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.1(____)Through innovative technologies and eco-friendly designs, urban areas are transforming into sustainable living spaces that balance human needs with environmental protection.
A.Urban planners prioritize eco-friendly zones nowadays.
B.Such designs also cut air conditioning costs significantly.
C.Energy efficiency starts with renewable power generation.
D.However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments.
E.Self－driving electric buses replace traditional fuel-based vehicles.
F.Real－time data helps authorities monitor energy consumption patterns.
G.Advanced waste sorting robots have been introduced in subway stations.
答案分析
D
解析：根据上文“Modern cities face growing challenges from pollution and energy waste, with urban populations expected to reach 5 billion by 2030.”可知，现代城市面临污染和能源浪费等挑战，此处进行转折，引出解决办法。故D选项“However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments.”符合语境，且与下文“innovative technologies and eco－friendly designs”呼应。故选D。
2(____)Solar panels now cover rooftops of office buildings, while wind turbines (涡轮机)spin silently along coastlines.In Amsterdam, floating solar farms on canals generate power without occupying land.These renewable sources provide over 40% of energy in advanced cities like Copenhagen.More importantly, smart grids automatically adjust power distribution through AI algorithms, reducing power blackout risks by 65% according to EU urban reports.
A.Urban planners prioritize eco-friendly zones nowadays.
B.Such designs also cut air conditioning costs significantly.
C.Energy efficiency starts with renewable power generation.
D.However, smart solutions are reshaping urban environments.
E.Self-driving electric buses replace traditional fuel-based vehicles.
F.Real-time data helps authorities monitor energy consumption patterns.
G.Advanced

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