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Unit 6 The power of language
Section B Reading and critical thinking
一、单项选择
（ ）1．King George VI ______ spoke in public because he was afraid of making mistakes.
A．always B．often C．usually D．seldom
（ ）2．The doctor asked the King to read Shakespeare's plays ______ to help control his breathing.
A．out loud B．in silence C．at first D．on time
（ ）3．The King had to give a speech ______ radio to the whole country.
A．in B．on C．at D．for
（ ）4．By the end of the speech, the King believed in ______.
A．him B．his C．himself D．he
（ ）5．The King ______ his fear of public speaking and became a strong leader.
A．looked for B．fought against C．thought about D．waited for
（ ）6．"I know that you will all play your part with calmness and ______," the King said.
A．fear B．anger C．courage D．sadness
（ ）7．The speech ______ the British people hope during the dark days of the war.
A．gave B．took C．bought D．wrote
（ ）8．The King spoke ______ and calmly, which made people believe in him.
A．weak B．strongly C．quietly D．slowly
（ ）9．You are ______ speaking in public if you practise enough.
A．afraid of B．good for C．capable of D．famous for
（ ）10．______ time, the King's speech skills improved greatly.
A．Over B．In C．At D．For
二、选词填空（共5小题）
| confident | encourage | control | unity | enemy |
11．The King learned to ______ his breathing by reading aloud.
12．A good leader should ______ his people during difficult times.
13．After much practice, the King became more ______ when speaking in public.
14．In the face of the ______, the country showed great strength.
15．The speech called for ______ among all the British people.
三、单词拼写。
16．King George VI gave a s______ on the radio to explain why the country was going to war again.
17．The doctor asked the King to read Shakespeare's plays a______ l______ to help control his breathing.
18．By the end of the speech, the King believed in h______.
19．The King had to f______ a______ his fear of public speaking.
20．Reading aloud helps you take c______ of your speaking speed and breathing.
21．The speech gave the British people hope during the (黑暗的) ______ days of the Second World War.
22．We should show (勇气) ______ when facing difficulties in life.
23．The young man is a good speaker because he is (自信的) ______ and calm.
24．A good leader should (鼓励) ______ his people during difficult times.
25．The (敌人) ______ was strong, but the country did not give up.
四、完形填空
Winston Churchill was one of the greatest speakers in British history. He also had a speech problem when he was young. He could not speak [21]{.underline} clearly. Some people [22]{.underline} him and said he would never be a good speaker.
But Churchill did not [23]{.underline} up. He practised speaking every day. He read books [24]{.underline} history and politics out loud. He also wrote down his ideas and [25]{.underline} them again and again.
During World War II, Churchill gave many important [26]{.underline} to the British people. One of his most famous speeches was “We shall fight on the beaches”. In this speech, he [27]{.underline} the people to never give up. He told them to fight [28]{.underline} the enemy with all their strength.
His words gave the British people [29]{.underline} and courage. Many people said his speeches helped them [30]{.underline} the hardest time of the war.
（ ）26．A．him B．himself C．his D．he
（ ）27．A．looked at B．laughed at C．pointed at D．shouted at
（ ）28．A．give B．take C．get D．put
（ ）29．A．with B．for C．about D．from
（ ）30．A．sang B．drew C．practised D．forgot
（ ）31．A．speeches B．letters C．songs D．stories
（ ）32．A．asked B．encouraged C．taught D．ordered
（ ）33．A．for B．to C．with D．against
（ ）34．A．fear B．sadness C．hope D．doubt
（ ）35．A．through B．over C．under D．across
五、阅读理解
A
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States. He was also known as one of the greatest speakers in American history. However, as a young man, Lincoln was very shy. He was afraid to speak in front of people.
Lincoln did not go to school for a long time. Most of what he learned came from reading books. He loved reading and would walk for miles just to borrow a book. He read books on law, history, and speeches.
To overcome his fear of public speaking, Lincoln would practise speaking in front of a mirror. He also liked to debate (辩论) with people in small groups. Over time, he became a very good speaker.
One of his most famous speeches is the Gettysburg Address. He gave this speech in 1863 during the American Civil War. The speech was very short—only about two minutes. But it became one of the most important speeches in American history. In it, Lincoln said that all men are created equal (生而平等) and that the nation should have a new birth of freedom.
Lincoln’s words gave hope to the American people during a very difficult time. His speeches are still remembered and studied today.
（ ）36．Why was Lincoln afraid to speak in front of people when he was young
A．Because he didn't like people. B．Because he was very shy.
C．Because he had no books. D．Because he was a president.
（ ）37．How did Lincoln learn most of what he knew
A．By going to school every day. B．By listening to others.
C．By reading books. D．By giving speeches.
（ ）38．What did Lincoln do to practise public speaking
A．He read Shakespeare's plays. B．He spoke in front of a mirror.
C．He asked a doctor for help. D．He wrote letters to his friends.
（ ）39．The Gettysburg Address is famous because ______.
A．it was very long B．it was given during peacetime
C．it talked about freedom and equality D．Lincoln practised it for many years
（ ）40．What can we learn from Lincoln's story
A．Only presidents can give great speeches. B．Reading books is a waste of time.
C．We can overcome our fears with hard work. D．Speeches are not important in history.
六、任务型阅读。
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Franklin D. Roosevelt was one of the most famous presidents of the United States. He led the country through two of the greatest crises (危机) of the 20th century: the Great Depression and World War II. But few people know that Roosevelt also had a great fear: he was afraid of speaking in public when he was young.
Roosevelt worked hard to overcome his fear. He practised speaking in front of his family and friends. He also studied the speeches of great leaders. Over time, he became a confident speaker.
One of his most famous speeches was his first inaugural address (就职演说) in 1933. At that time, the United States was in the middle of the Great Depression. Many banks had closed, and millions of people had lost their jobs. In his speech, Roosevelt said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” These words gave hope to the American people. They encouraged people to face the crisis with courage.
Roosevelt later gave many other important speeches, which were called “fireside chats” (炉边谈话). He spoke to the American people on the radio in a warm and friendly way. These speeches helped people understand the government’s plans and feel connected to their president.
41．Did Roosevelt have a fear of public speaking when he was young (根据短文内容判断正误，用"Yes"或"No"回答)
________________________________________________________________________
42．How did Roosevelt practise speaking (列出两种方式)
① ______________________________________________________________________
② ______________________________________________________________________
43．What was the situation of the United States when Roosevelt gave his first inaugural address in 1933 (根据短文内容填空，每空一词)
Many banks had ______ and millions of people had lost their ______.
44．What did Roosevelt say in his first inaugural address to encourage the American people (用短文中的原句回答)
________________________________________________________________________
45．Why were Roosevelt's "fireside chats" important (根据短文内容简要回答)
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案与详细解析
一、单项选择
1．D
【解析】句意：乔治六世国王很少在公共场合讲话，因为他害怕犯错。
考查频度副词。根据“because he was afraid of making mistakes”可知，害怕犯错所以很少讲话。seldom“很少”，符合语境。
2．A
【解析】句意：医生让国王大声朗读莎士比亚的戏剧来帮助控制呼吸。
考查短语辨析。out loud“大声地”；in silence“沉默地”；at first“起初”；on time“准时”。根据语境，大声朗读有助于控制呼吸。
3．B
【解析】句意：国王不得不在广播电台向全国发表演讲。
考查介词搭配。on radio“通过广播、在广播上”，固定搭配。
4．C
【解析】句意：演讲结束时，国王相信自己。
考查反身代词。believe in oneself“相信自己”，主语是the King，所以用himself。
5．B
【解析】句意：国王战胜了对公开演讲的恐惧，成为了一位强有力的领导人。
考查动词短语。fought against“与……作斗争”；looked for“寻找”；thought about“考虑”；waited for“等待”。根据“became a strong leader”可知，他战胜了恐惧。
6．C
【解析】句意：“我知道你们都会沉着勇敢地尽自己的一份力，”国王说。
考查名词辨析。courage“勇气”；fear“恐惧”；anger“愤怒”；sadness“悲伤”。与calmness并列的应是积极品质。
7．A
【解析】句意：这场演讲在战争的黑暗岁月里给了英国人民希望。
考查动词辨析。gave“给予”；took“拿走”；bought“买”；wrote“写”。give sb. hope“给某人希望”。
8．B
【解析】句意：国王讲话强而平静，使人们信任他。
考查副词辨析。strongly“强有力地”；weak“虚弱的”；quietly“安静地”；slowly“缓慢地”。与calmly并列且形成对比的是strongly。
9．C
【解析】句意：如果你练习得足够多，你就有能力在公共场合演讲。
考查短语辨析。be capable of“有能力做……”；be afraid of“害怕”；be good for“对……有好处”；be famous for“因……而著名”。根据“if you practise enough”可知，练习使人有能力。
10．A
【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，国王的演讲技巧大大提高。
考查介词短语。Over time“随着时间的推移”，固定搭配。
二、选词填空
11．control
【解析】句意：国王通过大声朗读学会了控制呼吸。control his breathing“控制呼吸”。
12．encourage
【解析】句意：一个好领导应该在困难时期鼓励他的人民。encourage his people“鼓励他的人民”。
13．confident
【解析】句意：经过大量练习，国王在公共场合演讲时变得更加自信。became more confident“变得更自信”。
14．enemy
【解析】句意：面对敌人，这个国家展现了巨大的力量。in the face of the enemy“面对敌人”。
15．unity
【解析】句意：这次演讲呼吁所有英国人民团结一致。called for unity“呼吁团结”。
三、单词拼写
16．speech
【解析】句意：乔治六世国王在广播上发表演讲，解释为什么国家又要开战。speech“演讲”。
17．aloud
【解析】句意：医生让国王大声朗读莎士比亚的戏剧来帮助控制呼吸。read aloud“大声朗读”。
18．himself
【解析】句意：演讲结束时，国王相信自己。believe in oneself“相信自己”。
19．fight against
【解析】句意：国王不得不与公开演讲的恐惧作斗争。fight against“与……作斗争”。
20．control
【解析】句意：大声朗读有助于你控制语速和呼吸。take control of“控制”。
21．dark
【解析】句意：这场演讲在二战黑暗的日子里给了英国人民希望。dark“黑暗的”。
22．courage
【解析】句意：面对生活中的困难时，我们应该表现出勇气。courage“勇气”。
23．confident
【解析】句意：这个年轻人是个好演讲者，因为他自信而冷静。confident“自信的”。
24．encourage
【解析】句意：一个好的领导者应该在困难时期鼓励他的人民。encourage“鼓励”。
25．enemy
【解析】句意：敌人很强大，但这个国家没有放弃。enemy“敌人”。
四、完形填空
26．B 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A
【解析】
26．speak oneself“表达自己”，用反身代词himself。
27．laughed at“嘲笑”，符合语境。
28．give up“放弃”。
29．books about history“关于历史的书”。
30．practised them“练习它们（演讲稿）”。
31．gave important speeches“发表重要演讲”。
32．encouraged the people“鼓励人民”。
33．fight against“与……作斗争”。
34．gave people hope“给人们希望”。
35．helped them through“帮助他们度过”。
五、阅读理解
36．B 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．C
【解析】
36．细节题。第二段“Lincoln was very shy. He was afraid to speak in front of people.”
37．细节题。第三段“Most of what he learned came from reading books.”
38．细节题。第四段“Lincoln would practise speaking in front of a mirror.”
39．细节题。第五段“Lincoln said that all men are created equal... a new birth of freedom.”
40．主旨题。全文讲述林肯克服害羞成为伟大演讲家，说明努力可以克服恐惧。
六、任务型阅读
41．Yes.
【解析】根据第一段最后一句“he was afraid of speaking in public when he was young”。
42．① He practised speaking in front of his family and friends.
② He studied the speeches of great leaders.
【解析】根据第二段“He practised speaking in front of his family and friends. He also studied the speeches of great leaders.”
43．closed; jobs
【解析】根据第三段“Many banks had closed, and millions of people had lost their jobs.”
44．“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
【解析】根据第三段直接引用原句。
45．Because they helped people understand the government’s plans and feel connected to their president.
【解析】根据最后一段“These speeches helped people understand the government’s plans and feel connected to their president.”
基础巩固
能力运用
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