资源简介

选择性必修第三册　Unit 2　Out of this world
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Space Exploration: A Journey Beyond the Stars
Space exploration is an 1.incredibly (adv. 令人难以置信)fascinating realm. Every astronaut knows the 2.gravity (n. 庄严，严肃)of their 3.mission (n. 太空飞行任务)when they step into a spacecraft. It's not 4.merely (adv. 仅仅)about reaching the planets but understanding the very 5.foundation (n. 基础)of our 6.universe (n. 宇宙). 7.Furthermore (adv. 此外)，the 8.circumstances (n. 条件)of space are unlike any on Earth. The 9.absence (n. 缺乏，不存在)of 10.gravity (n. 重力)and the constant dangers make it a 11.crucial (adj. 至关重要的)attempt.
The 12.crew (n. 全体工作人员)，trained by various 13.agencies (n. 机构)and 14.administration (n. 行政部门)bodies, is prised (vt. 包括)of individuals of exceptional skills. They 16.scan (vt. 扫描)the vastness of space, not just for the sake of discovery but to 17.evaluate (vt. 评估)potential 18.shelters (n. 住处)for future generations.
However, there is a lot of 19.bother (n. 问题，麻烦). The activities of 20.creature (n. 生物)we take for granted on Earth, like walking or even having a meal, become challenges in space. The 21.discipline (n. 训练)required is 22.altogether (adv. 完全)on another level. Yet, with the right foundation and the 23.purse (n. 资金)from various organizations, we 24.calculate (vt. 预测)that the dream of living on other planets is achievable.
Space exploration is not just an attempt of science but of the human spirit. It's a demonstration of what we can achieve when we put our minds to it, regardless of the challenges. It's a journey that, with time and effort, will 25.permanently (adv. 永恒地)become a part of human history.
1 absence n. 缺乏，不存在； 缺席
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Her long absence from school delayed her graduation.
②Was it Mr Green that came to see me in my absence yesterday
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent (absence)adult.
④In the absence of crucial proof, the police could not take action against the man.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤他已经两个星期没来了。
He has been absent from his desk for two weeks.
⑥我写这封信是为了表达我对贵公司客户服务部表现出的不尊重的不满。
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the absence of mind shown by your company's customer service department. (应用文写作之投诉信)
(1)absence from 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence＝in the absence of sb. 某人不在时 in the absence of 缺乏…… (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from 不参加；缺席 absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
[写作佳句]　The room was empty and silent, the only sign of life being the faint hum of the refrigerator in the absence of the usual chatter and laughter. (读后续写之情景描写)
房间里空无一人，寂静无声，唯一的生命迹象是冰箱的微弱嗡嗡声，没有了往常的闲聊和笑声。
2 bother vt. 使烦恼；使担心；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. [U]烦扰；麻烦；困难
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Don't bother to tell/telling (tell)the tale to the children，because they show no interest in it.
②As an astronaut, you should keep your mind on the mission, and not bother about/with personal gains or losses.
③It bothered me that we couldn't find our way back but my father told me not to lose heart.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2025·全国二卷)很抱歉打扰你，但我只是想确认一下你的写作进展是否一切顺利。
I'm sorry to bother you with this reminder, but I wanted to check if everything is going smoothly with your writing. (应用文写作之催稿信)
bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事 bother with/about sth. 花费时间/精力(做某事) bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 It bothers sb. that…使某人苦恼的是……
[写作佳句]　(2024·浙江1月卷)For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满俗气的爱情故事。
3 occupy vt. 占领；使用，占用；侵占；使忙于；居住
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Mrs Green occupies herself (she)in looking after her three children.
②(2022·天津卷)To keep his restless students occupied (occupy)with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
③Income, education, and occupation (occupy)all play a part in determining a person's life quality.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④He is occupied with routine tasks so he has no time to accompany his children.
→Occupying himself with routine tasks, he has no time to accompany his children.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Occupied with routine tasks, he has no time to accompany his children.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)occupy oneself with sth./(in)doing sth. 使某人忙于(做)某事 (2)occupied adj. 使用中；忙于 be occupied with sth./(in)doing sth. 忙于(做)某事 (3)occupation n. 职业；使用，占用
[写作佳句]　(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Occupied in/Occupying myself in learning how to play the guitar during the summer break，I am more than delighted to share this experience with you.
因为暑假期间我一直在学习如何弹吉他，所以我非常乐意与大家分享这段经历。
4 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2025·全国一卷)He gradually realized that under the circumstances, his brother needed support rather than judgment about bringing Toby.
②If circumstances permit, I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
③Under no circumstances (circumstance)should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④她决心在任何情况下都不放弃，并继续战斗，直到实现她的目标。
She was determined not to give up under any circumstances, and to keep fighting until she achieved her goal. (读后续写之情感描写)
in/under no circumstances 决不(位于句首时，句子倒装) in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样 under any circumstances 在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许
[写作佳句]　(2021·浙江1月卷)Feeling embarrassed, I reminded myself that in/under no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again.
我觉得尴尬，提醒自己绝不能再犯这样的错误了。
5 vital adj. 对……极重要的；必不可少的；维持生命所必需的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①It is of vital importance that we do something to protect our precious cultural heritage.
②It's vital that every piece of equipment (should)be checked (check)before the experiment.
③(2023·天津6月卷)I strongly believe that rewarding events like the Chinese Workshop are vital to promote(promote)cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.
④Fruits, vegetables and whole grains provide nutrients and plant-based compounds vital for good health.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我们互相合作，为比赛做好充分的准备是极其重要的。
It is vital that we (should)cooperate with each other and make full preparations for the competition. (应用文写作之建议信)
be vital for/to sth. 对……极为重要 be of vital importance 至关重要的 It is vital to do… 做……很重要。 It is vital that sb. (should)do sth. 某人做某事是极其重要的。
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
生境恢复队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
6 assistant n. 助理；售货员；助教 adj. 助理的；副的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·全国甲卷改编)I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants (assist)working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.
②The old man found his son at last with the assistance of some volunteers.
③International organizations intensified their activities to locate victims and assist with relief efforts.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2025·全国一卷)在妻子的帮助下，我准备了真诚的道歉，希望能修复与兄弟的关系。
With my wife's assistance/With the assistance of my wife, I prepared a sincere apology, hoping to repair the relationship with my brother.
⑤(2023·天津3月卷)无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师管理班级，还是参加社区志愿服务，张健都积极地参与其中。
Whether it's helping classmates with their studies，assisting a teacher with classroom duties, or volunteering for community services, Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand.
(1)assistance n. 帮助；援助 with one's assistance＝with the assistance of… 在……的帮助下 come/go to one's assistance 来/去帮助某人 (2)assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助 assist in/with sth. 帮助/协助做某事 assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
[写作佳句]　The government has provided assistance to the affected areas in the form of food, shelter, and medical aid. (应用文写作之报道)
政府以食品、住所和医疗援助的形式向受灾地区提供帮助。
7 shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter (shelter)．
②The old man sat in the shade in the open air, sheltering from the sun.
③These plants must be sheltered (shelter)from direct sunlight, or they will die.
[能力提升]—— 微写作/一句多译
④为了躲避寒冷的天气，这些将在这里度过整个冬天的鸟一直在雪地里挖洞。
To shelter from the cold weather, these birds that will spend the whole winter here have been digging holes in the snow.(读后续写之环境描写)
⑤被父母庇护的孩子很可能被宠坏。
→Children who are sheltered by their parents are likely to be spoiled.(shelter v．)
→Children under the shelter of their parents are likely to be spoiled. (shelter n．)
(1)a shelter from… 躲避……的地方 give sb. shelter for the night 给某人提供过夜之处 under one's shelter＝under the shelter of 受到……保护；在……的庇护下 (2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight 避雨/风/阳光 shelter (sb.)from sth. 躲避……；使免受……(的伤害)
[写作佳句]　Firefighters risked their own lives to shelter the local people from the burning fire.(读后续写之情景描写)
消防队员冒着生命危险，保护当地人免受大火的伤害。
8 in view of 鉴于，考虑到
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①In view of the present situation, we'll have to revise our original plan.
②As we climbed to the top of the mountains, the whole city came into view.
③Liang Sicheng was viewed as one of the best architects of his generation.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④街上看不到任何人，她感到无助。
Nobody in view in the street, she felt helpless. (读后续写之情感描写)
⑤(2023·北京卷)在我看来，组织一个清洁活动将是一个产生积极影响的方法。
From my point of view/In my view, organizing a cleanup event would be a way to make a positive impact.
(1)in view 在视线范围内 come into view 映入眼帘 from one's point of view/in one's view 依某人看 have a good view of 看得清…… (2)view v. 思考；看；查看 n. 风景；视野；看法；见解 view sb./sth. as… 把……视为……
[写作佳句]　(2024·北京卷)I am firmly convinced that these topics will provide a comprehensive view of China's journey. (建议信)
我坚信这些话题将展示有关中国发展历程的全面看法。
9 句型公式：as引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走可能并不像你们想象的那么激动人心。
[基础检测]—— 用as句式补全句子
①Try as he might (尽管他努力了)，he couldn't lift the heavy box.
②Much as I like it (虽然我很喜欢它)，I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.
③Child as he is (尽管他是个孩子)，he knows a lot about space exploration.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④Although they were exhausted, they stayed up preparing the report.
→Exhausted though/as they were, they stayed up preparing the report. (倒装句)
(1)as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，其结构为：形容词/副词/名词(无冠词)/动词＋as＋主语＋谓语。 (2)as引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前，必须倒装；though引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前或主句之后，可以倒装，也可以不倒装； although 引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前或主句之后，不倒装。
[名师指津]　as作为连词，除了引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”外，还具备下列词意：“当……时候”“因为”“按照”“正如”。
10 句型公式：That is why… 那就是为什么……
(教材原句)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Rope skipping helps to burn calories，strengthen muscles as well as relieve academic pressure. This is why I recommend it to my fellow students.
②From space, the Earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of the surface is covered by the ocean.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③(2025·全国一卷)我和哥哥疏远的原因是我没有考虑到托比对他的重要性。
The reason why my brother and I grew apart was that I hadn't considered Toby's importance to him.
(1)This/That is because…这/那是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因) (2)This/That is the reason why… 这/那就是……的原因。(why引导的是定语从句) (3)The reason why…is that… ……的原因是……(why引导的是定语从句)
[写作佳句]That is the reason why I always carry a spare battery with me, as I never want to be without my phone in case of an emergency.(读后续写之心理描写)
这就是我总是随身携带备用电池的原因，因为我不想在紧急情况下不能用手机。
[查漏补缺]
1．(2025·全国一卷)This new column will lay a solid foundation for students to showcase their talents.
2．The most important sales facts should be plain to see from the moment your main page loads.
3．Today translators from around the globe can plug into a truly worldwide conversation that casts new light on traditional ways of working and creates new opportunities.
4．(2023·全国甲卷)Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期)comes to an end.
5．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' (crew)efforts.
6．(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance (maintain)．
7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures (creature)lived.
8．Much of the world's great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence (permanent)，and availability.
9．It's going to be your way of analyzing your own diet and trying to make sense of it.
10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A large amount of research confirms (confirm)this finding.
1.permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的→permanence n. 永久性，持久性；永久 2．maintain v. 维持；维修→maintenance n. 维持；保养 3．“a huge/large amount of ＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 4．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 5．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白…… 6．plain to see 显而易见的 7．come to an end 结束 8．cast new light on 使进一步了解…… 9．词根creat表示“创造”→ creature n. 生物 10．复数名词的所有格
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Without my teacher's encouragement and assistance (assist)，I couldn't have won the award.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations (evaluate)show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.
3．He is always absent from class, and his absence (absent)makes his headteacher angry.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)Occupied (occupy)in how to play the guitar during the summer break，I am more than delighted to share this experience with you.
5．History is much more than the study of dusty (dust)old objects and events long past.
6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most frequently (frequent)，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”
7．(2024·北京卷)The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally (original)used to develop habits important for self－care.
8．In view of his excellent performance in the competition, his teammates all advocated him being their captain.
9．Research has also shown that sleep plays a crucial role in the development of memories.
10．To leave a good impression in the job interview, Mr Green put on his newly-bought suit.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．discipline
A.n. 自制力　B．n. 训练　C．n. 纪律　D．vt. 惩罚
(1)The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline．C
(2)The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-esteem.B
(3)It takes a lot of discipline to go jogging in winter.A
(4)The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed.D
2．mission
A.n. 太空飞行任务　B．n. 使命，天职　C．n. 军事行动
(1)He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.B
(2)A bomber crashed during a training mission in the west Texas mountains.C
(3)The Shenzhou ⅩⅢ 　mission was expected to become the longest crewed spaceflight by China, doubling the time spent in the Shenzhou Ⅻ mission.A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)She has risen from humble origins to immense wealth.n. 出身
点拨：origin(熟义)n. 源头，起源。此处意为“出身”。
(2)Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media.n. 报道
点拨：exposure(熟义)n. 揭露；暴露；遭受。此处意为“报道”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，想要和自己的英国朋友Jack分享中国太空探险的研究成果，请你写一封相关的英文信件。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我们最近的探月任务取得了巨大成功，我们敬业的天文学家和科学家们也获得了重大发现。
Our recent mission to the moon was a monumental success, and our crew of dedicated astronomers and scientists also made significant discoveries.
②此外，我们已经能够收集关于宇宙辐射及其对各种生物影响的重要数据。
Furthermore, we've been able to gather vital data on cosmic radiation and its effects on various creatures．
③中国国家航天局由政府和众多基金会支持。
China National Space Administration is backed by the administration and numerous foundations．
④它一直在这一领域努力工作。
It has been working diligently in this discipline．
⑤我相信太空探索不仅是一种奢侈，而且是更好地了解我们的宇宙的必要条件。
I believe that space exploration is not only a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better.
Step 2句式升级
⑥将句③和句④用非谓语动词合并
China National Space Administration, backed by the administration and numerous foundations, has been working diligently in this discipline.
⑦将句⑤用merely改写
I believe that space exploration is not merely a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
I hope you're doing well. I wanted to share with you some exciting advancements in China's space exploration.
Our recent mission to the moon was a monumental success, and our crew of dedicated astronomers and scientists also made significant discoveries. Furthermore, we've been able to gather vital data on cosmic radiation and its effects on various creatures. China National Space Administration, backed by the administration and numerous foundations, has been working diligently in this discipline．
I believe that space exploration is not merely a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better. I'll keep you updated on our future endeavors. Looking forward to catching up soon!
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
动作细节描写：哭泣
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.cry v．哭泣 2．sob v．呜咽，啜泣 3．weep v．(通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪 4．choke v．哽咽
词块 1.cry softly 轻声哭泣 2．weep silently 无声流泪 3．sob uncontrollably 无法控制地抽泣 4．cry one's eyes/heart out 某人痛哭流涕 5．burst into tears/burst out crying 放声大哭 6．with tears welling up in one's eyes 某人泪水夺眶而出 7．be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面 8．with tears rolling/running/streaming/pouring down one's cheeks 某人的眼泪从脸颊上滚落下来
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．听到宠物狗去世的消息，小女孩忍不住轻声哭泣起来。(cry)
Upon hearing that her pet dog had died, the little girl couldn't help but cry softly．
2．在葬礼上，家属因悲伤无法控制地抽泣着。(sob)
At the funeral, the family members sobbed uncontrollably with grief.
3．读到那本悲剧小说的最后一章时，他开始流泪。(weep)
He began to weep as he read the final chapter of the tragic novel.
4．想起逝去的祖母，他的声音因情绪激动而哽咽。(choke)
Thinking of his deceased grandmother, his voice choked with emotion．
5．她站在舞台上，激动得说不出话来，喜悦的泪水从脸颊上滚落下来。(roll)
She stood on the stage, too excited to speak, with tears of joy rolling down her cheeks．
任务2　语段表达
During the graduation ceremony, when Emma realized this would be the last time she saw her best friends together, 1.tears welled up in her eyes (泪水夺眶而出)as the emotions overwhelmed her. She tried to stay strong, but when her friend Sarah gave her a farewell gift, she 2.burst into tears (放声大哭)，unable to control her feelings anymore. Sarah, seeing Emma's reaction, also began to 3.weep silently (无声流泪)as she hugged her tightly. Soon both girls were 4.wet with tears (泪流满面)as they realized how much they would miss each other. As they sat together for the last time, Emma 5.cried her heart out (痛哭流涕)thinking about all the memories they had shared during their school years.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员
2．gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃
3．cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
4．bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. 麻烦，困难
5．mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
6．creature n. 动物，生物；人
7．circumstance n. 条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
8．radiation n. 辐射，放射线
9．luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
10．furthermore adv. 此外，再者
11．vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
12．discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
13．leisure n. 闲暇，空闲
14．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的
15．astronomer n. 天文学家
16．administration n. 行政部门；管理，行政
17．agency n. 机构；代理处
18．comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成
19．foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
20．mechanic n. 机械师，技工
21．incredibly adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信
22．shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避
23．constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的
24．nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的
二、拓展单词通变化
1．evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价→evaluation n. 评价；估价
2．exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt. 使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光
3．visible adj. 看得见的；明显的→invisible adj. 看不见的→visibly adv. 易察觉地；明显地
4．universe n. 宇宙，天地万物→universal adj. 普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的
5．origin n. 起源，起因；出身→original adj. 起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n. 原著；原作→originally adv. 原来，起初
6．permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的→permanence n. 永久性，持久性；永久→permanently adv. 永久地；一直存在地
7．investment n. 投资；投入→invest v. 投资；投入
8．calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测→calculation n. 计算，运算；预测→calculator n. 计算器
9．coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n. 覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v. 覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括
10．assistant n. 助理；售货员；助教 adj. 助理的，副的→assist v. 帮助；援助→assistance n. 帮助；援助
11．dust n. 沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．float vi. 飘动，漂流；浮 vt. 使浮动，使漂流
2．ceiling n. 天花板；上限
3．microscope n. 显微镜
4．telescope n. 望远镜
5．orbit vt. & vi. 围绕……运动 n. (天体等运行的)轨道
6．hydrogen n. 氢，氢气
7．maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持
8．scan vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 n. 扫描检查；快速查阅
四、重点短语明搭配
1．cast new light on 使进一步了解……
2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到
4．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
5．at a time 每次
6．a huge amount of 大量的
7．long to do 渴望做……
8．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白……
9．be attached to 被固定在……
10．play a crucial role in 在……中起关键的作用
五、教材佳句会运用
1．由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。(so that 引导目的状语从句)
Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around．
2．尝试背部没有压力地入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)
It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.
3．尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走可能并不像你们想象的那么激动人心。(as引导让步状语从句)
Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
4．那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。(why引导表语从句)
That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
5．正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。(强调句)
It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Changing your habits can be hard and developing new habits takes time, but so long as you stay motivated (有动力的)，you will meet your goal.
2．His words threw light on the problem that had been bothering (困扰)me for a long time.
3．We drove round the nature reserve, which was a wide area, with many wild creatures (生物)living in it.
4．He scanned (扫描)the digital counter to check the data.
5．It has been calculated (计算)that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·全国二卷)Should any problems arise during the writing process, please contact me promptly for assistance (assist)．
2．Media coverage (cover)of the cycling in July was impressive.
3．Many stars overhead are invisible (visible)to the naked eye.
4．Exposure (expose)to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.
5．The meatball is incredibly (incredible)soft and juicy. Highly recommend!
Ⅲ.选词填空
cast new light on; plain to see; in the circumstances; anybody's guess; be attached to
1．With the rapid development of the Internet, the advantages of the Internet are plain to see．
2．What will happen to him and will he withstand it, it's anybody's guess．
3．In general, children are attached to their parents when they are young.
4．These days it is wet and rainy. In the circumstances, the food goes bad easily.
5．For years the disease has troubled people, but luckily, recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们可以早点出发，这样我们就有更多的时间阅读和选择书籍。(so that引导目的状语从句)
We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
2．重要的是，我们应该设定切合实际的目标。(It be＋adj.＋that)
It's important that we (should)set realistic goals.
3．这个故事讲述了爱情和责任之间的经典冲突，这就是为什么广大读者认同它。(why引导表语从句)
The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty, which is why masses of readers identify with it．
4．是她的能力让她在所有参与者中脱颖而出。(强调句)
It was her ability that made her stand out from all the participants.
课时作业43
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)
A rare lunar crystal found on the near side of the moon is giving scientists hope of providing limitless power for the world forever. The lunar crystal is made of material previously unknown to the scientific community and contains a key element for the nuclear combination process, a form of power generation that uses the same forces that fuel the sun and other stars in the universe.
The crystal was found in lunar basalt (玄武岩)small pieces collected from the moon in 2020 and makes China the third country to discover a new lunar mineral, behind the US and the former Soviet Union. The Chinese moon mission landed in Oceanus Procellarum in December 2020 and has been the first lunar sample return mission since the 1970s.
More than 1.7 kg of lunar samples were collected and delivered safely to Earth. The crystal is clear and roughly the width of a single human hair. It formed in a region of the moon that was volcanically active around 1.2 billion years ago.
One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3, which scientists believe may provide a stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors. The element is incredibly rare on Earth, but it seems to be fairly prevalent on the moon.
Although it is too early for scientists to have made any financial estimates on such a fuel source, it will undoubtedly be extremely costly. There is, of course, the matter of bringing the crystals back from the moon, especially in the large amounts that are needed to fuel fusion reactors.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在月球正面发现的一种罕见的月球晶体，晶体中的一种重要元素氦-3可能为核聚变反应堆提供稳定的燃料源，同时介绍了晶体发现的背景、晶体的特征以及利用其作为燃料源面临的问题。
1．Why is discovering helium-3 significant？(　A　)
A.It provides a potential stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors.
B.It indicates the possibility of utilizing solar energy directly from the sun.
C.It offers a method for converting lunar basalt directly into electrical energy.
D.It suggests that coal reserves could be refilled through lunar resources.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3, which scientists believe may provide a stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors.”可知，月球晶体的一种重要成分是氦-3，科学家认为氦-3可能为核聚变反应堆提供稳定的燃料源。故选A项。
2．What do we learn about the lunar crystal？(　D　)
A．It provides fuel to the sun and other stars.
B．It was found from the far side of the moon.
C．It was taken to the Earth by three countries.
D.It was China's first sample taken from the moon.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，该晶体是在2020年从月球采集的玄武岩小块中发现的，这使中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个发现新月球矿物的国家。中国的月球任务于2020年12月在风暴洋着陆，这是自20世纪70年代以来的首次月球样本返回任务。由此可知，该月球晶体是中国从月球上获取的首批样本。故选D项。
3．What does the underlined word probably mean in paragraph 4？(　C　)
A．Transparent. B．Valuable.
C．Common. D．Powerful.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段的“The element is incredibly rare on Earth”可知，这种元素在地球上极其罕见。but表示转折，意味着前后两个分句所描述的情况形成鲜明对比。因此画线词应意为“普遍的”，common的意思与其一致。故选C项。
4．Why is it extremely costly to utilize helium-3 as a fuel source？(　B　)
A．Because it is prohibited by the international laws.
B.Because it demands large amounts of crystals from the moon.
C.Because it requires the development of entirely new types of fusion reactors.
D.Because it involves complex and expensive processes to extract helium-3 from the crystal.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，利用氦-3作为燃料源极其昂贵是因为需要从月球带回大量的晶体来为核聚变反应堆提供燃料。故选B项。
(2025·河北衡水模拟)
It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years：Watching the annual Perseid meteor shower(流星雨)．But this time, as the meteors flashed across the sky, I, a junior girl, began to question, “Could my lifelong love for astronomy be more than a hobby？”
I grew up in a small town, where even graduating from high school was not a given for many students. But I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad—a pharmacist(药剂师)，one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy, the science of preparing medicines, at the University of North Carolina.
The university was only a 3.5-hour drive away, but it felt across the universe. In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree, I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered—neuroscience, archaeology, and even astrophysics. Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined. As my birthday and the Perseid meteor shower approached, I was faced with a decision：Should I stick to my long-standing plans or take a step into the unknown
Ultimately, a solar eclipse(日食)helped me make my decision. As the Moon gradually shaded the Sun, the world darkened around me. The stillness of the water, the desperate calls of birds, and the fading sunset deeply moved me. I knew what I had to do. I dropped out of pharmacy school to pursue previously unimagined options.
Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics, starting a PhD in astronomy, and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams. As I approach the final year of my PhD, I realize that growing up with the night sky gave me a valuable gift. It gave me an insight into life：On the scale of our vast universe, our individual needs, desires, fears, and insecurities shrink to insignificance, bringing humanity together. It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在生日那天观看流星雨时，开始思考自己对天文学的热爱是否能进一步发展。在大学里，她接触到不同的人群，后来又被日食的情景所启发，最终决定追求天文学的梦想。
5．What motivated the author to major in pharmacy？(　D　)
A．Her ambition to become a doctor.
B．The encouragement of her friend.
C．Her childhood passion for pharmacy.
D．The influence of her best friend's father.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad—a pharmacist(药剂师)，one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy”可知，作者最好的朋友的父亲是一名药剂师，他是作者所在社区中为数不多的职业榜样之一，因此，她选择主修药剂学。所以作者是受到了最好的朋友的父亲的影响才主修药剂学的。故选D。
6．How did the author's experience at university shape her？(　B　)
A．It helped her stick to her belief.
B．It opened her mind to new ideas.
C．It enhanced her pharmacy study.
D．It developed her thinking abilities.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree, I had met people…Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.”可知，作者在大学期间遇到了来自不同职业的人和不同科学领域的博士，这些人的热情和学识让她看到了她从未想象过的世界。这表明大学经历开阔了她的眼界，使她接触到了新事物。故选B。
7．What can we learn from the author's understanding of life？(　C　)
A.Accepting insecurities helps us handle challenges.
B.Personal problems still matter in the vast universe.
C.It's vital to pursue dreams despite personal challenges.
D.It is small and unimportant things that mean a lot to us.
解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段描述作者在追寻梦想过程中的感悟，根据其中的“It gave me an insight into life：…It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.”可知，作者通过自己的经历认识到，在广阔的宇宙中，我们的个人需求、欲望、恐惧和不安全感都变得微不足道，这让全人类紧密相连。它让作者摆脱了尘世的担忧、羞愧或自我怀疑，不再让它们阻碍自己追寻新的梦想。这表明尽管面临个人挑战，追求梦想仍然至关重要。故选C。
8．Which of the following best describes the author？(　D　)
A．Caring and patient.
B．Modest and honest.
C．Generous and helpful.
D．Curious and determined.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，作者在大学期间接触到了不同的人群，经过认真思考后决定要踏入新的领域，这体现出她对新事物充满好奇，愿意探索不同的可能性。根据最后一段中的“Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics…follow my dreams.”可知，作者在决定追求天文学梦想之后，面临了诸多挑战，并坚持了下来，坚定地朝着自己的目标前进，这充分体现了她意志坚定的品质。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)
“You're just a girl and you fight like a girl！” A boy spoke ill of my boxing performance as he ran away. Like a rock to a piece of glass, it __1__ my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do, and my confidence __2__ into the blackness.
Through the years, I buried those words in the depth of my memory as life __3__ them with tasks, goals and achievements. Days melted away, and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then __4__ ran out of control as I was met with the __5__： “You have cancer.”
A(n)__6__ year of surgeries and complications (并发症)made my happy ending impossible. So I decided to rise to life challenges. Then came periods of __7__ mixed with interruptions of relapses (旧病复发)．Several times in my life, I have __8__ those awful words through my half-a-century __9__.But through my faith，I never allowed them to leave me __10__.Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to __11__ myself how strong and determined I am.
After one of my battles，someone asked me，“How do you keep going and not __12__？”Instantly，I was taken back to that __13__ of my youth and those hurtful words suddenly __14__ new meaning in my heart. A smile formed upon my lips as I turned to face my friend. “I __15__ because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候因被男孩嘲笑“像女孩一样战斗”而自信心受挫。多年后，作者遭遇癌症，经历了手术和并发症，生活陷入困境。但在与病魔的斗争中，作者重新想起那些伤人的话，并赋予其新的意义，靠着“像女孩一样战斗”的信念坚持了下来。
1．(　A　)A.ruined B．established
C．restored D．corrected
解析：上文提到男孩嘲笑作者，根据“Like a rock to a piece of glass”可知，男孩的话严重破坏了作者认为自己能和男同学一样做任何事的信念。ruin“破坏，毁坏”；establish“建立”；restore“恢复”；correct“纠正”。
2．(　A　)A.faded B．expanded
C．flowed D．poured
解析：因为作者的信念被破坏，所以作者的自信心也随之消逝在黑暗中。fade“逐渐消失”；expand“扩大”；flow“流动”；pour“倾倒”。
3．(　D　)A.combined B．loaded
C．presented D．replaced
解析：根据语境可知，这些年来，生活中的任务、目标和成就取代了那些伤人的话语，作者将其深埋在记忆深处。combine“(使)结合，(使)组合”；load“(把大量……)装上，装入”；present“授予，赠送，呈递”；replace“取代”。
4．(　B　)A.unhurriedly B．unexpectedly
C．unreasonably D．unaffectedly
解析：上文提到作者的生活像一部受欢迎的电影每天重复播放，转折词but表明情况发生了变化。下文说到作者被诊断出癌症，这是意料之外的事情。unhurriedly“不慌不忙地”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；unreason-ably“不合理地”；unaffectedly“未受影响地”。
5．(　C　)A.lesson B．post
C．news D．advice
解析：根据下文的“You have cancer”可知，作者患癌的消息使事情发生了变化。lesson“课程，教训”；post“邮件，职位”；news“消息”；advice“建议”。
6．(　A　)A.wearing B．promising
C．amazing D．inspiring
解析：根据下文的“of surgeries and complications (并发症)made my happy ending impossible”可知，这一年充满了艰辛，令人疲惫不堪。wearing“使人疲倦的，令人厌烦的”；promising“有前途的”；amazing“令人大为惊奇的”；inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。
7．(　C　)A.guilt B．boredom
C．calm D．shame
解析：根据下文的“mixed with interruptions of relapses (旧病复发)”可知，在与疾病斗争的过程中，作者也有相对平静的时期。guilt“内疚”；boredom“无聊”；calm“平静”；shame“羞愧”。
8．(　B　)A.coined B．recalled
C．processed D．spelled
解析：上文提到作者小时候被男孩嘲笑，这使作者的信念被破坏，对作者造成了极大的影响。根据下文的“those awful words”可知，在作者的一生中，作者多次回想起那些糟糕的话。coin“创造(新词语)”；recall“回想”；process“处理”；spell“拼写”。
9．(　D　)A.expectations B．dreams
C．tales D．battles
解析：上文提到作者患癌后进行了多次手术，根据最后一段的“After one of my battles”可知，这里强调的是作者与癌症的斗争。expectation“期望”；dream“梦想”；tale“故事”；battle“斗争”。
10．(　B　)A.fearless B．hopeless
C．speechless D．heartless
解析：根据上文的“I decided to rise to life challenges” 和“But through my faith”可知，在与疾病的斗争中，作者虽然多次想起那些伤人的话，但没有让自己陷入绝望。fearless“无畏的”；hopeless“绝望的”；speechless“(尤指气得或惊讶得)说不出话的”；heartless“无情的”。
11．(　C　)A.warn B．comfort
C．remind D．question
解析：根据上文的“Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths”和下文的“how strong and determined I am”可知，作者认为生活中的每一件事都是探索新道路的机会，也让自己想起自己是多么坚强和坚定。warn“警告”；comfort“安慰”； remind“提醒，使想起”；question“怀疑”。
12．(　B　)A.get through B．give up
C．insist on D．hold back
解析：上文提到作者一直与疾病作斗争，没有放弃，把生活中的每一件事都看作探索新道路的机会。get through“顺利通过”；give up“放弃”；insist on“坚持”；hold back“(使)犹豫，踌躇”。
13．(　A　)A.scene B．fantasy
C．glory D．adventure
解析：作者瞬间回想起小时候被男孩嘲笑的那个场景。scene“场景”；fantasy“幻想”；glory“光荣”；adventure“冒险”。
14．(　D　)A.laid B．revised
C．erased D．held
解析：根据下文的“new meaning in my heart”和 “I __15__ because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL”可知，对作者来说，那些曾经伤人的话突然有了新的意义。lay“提出”；revise “改变”；erase“擦掉”；hold“拥有”。
15．(　C　)A.withdraw B．respond
C．survive D．apologize
解析：上文提到作者一直坚持与疾病作斗争，这里作者回应因为自己“像女孩一样战斗”，所以能存活下来。withdraw“退出，不参加”；respond“回应”； survive“存活”；apologize“道歉”。
课时作业44
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·湖北武汉模拟)
With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere, Venus has been described as “Earth's evil twin”—similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable, but recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it.
Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma (岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised (结晶)，meaning the planet's interior (内部)would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water，” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet.
Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release reflects an equally dry Venusian interior，” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the theory that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate.
Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了金星虽与地球大小相似却环境恶劣，其是否宜居存在争议。剑桥大学Constantinou团队研究发现，金星内部缺水、火山喷发“干燥”，不支持其曾有地表水和宜居气候的说法，NASA未来探测或可验证结论。
1．What is the finding of the recent research？(　C　)
A．Venus is Earth's identical twin.
B．Venus sets the whole world apart.
C．Venus was unlikely to sustain life.
D．Venus was more habitable than thought.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Some astronomers believe…as we know it.”可知，最近的研究得出的结论是金星不太可能存在生命。故选C项。
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research？(　D　)
A．Its methods.
B．Its procedures.
C．Its potential impact.
D．Its theoretical foundation.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Constantinou noted that…inside the interior of the planet.”可知，该段主要阐述研究的理论基础及金星内部缺水的原因，体现了研究如何推导出金星不宜居的结论。故选D项。
3．How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion？(　A　)
A．By analysing the changes of water content.
B．By studying the properties of substances.
C．By investigating the components of water.
D．By examining the differences of volcanoes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Constantinou and his colleagues studied…was being added.”可知，研究者通过分析金星大气的水分变化来得出内部缺水的结论。故选A项。
4．What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou？(　D　)
A．Carry out more fly-bys.
B．Identify upcoming threats.
C．Conduct Venus observations.
D．Narrow down astronomers' search.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Constantinou said resolving the question…for life to begin.”可知，该研究结论可帮助天文学家排除金星作为宜居行星的可能性。故选D项。
(2026·福建八市联考)
The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected. And for the first time, the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface has been confirmed, scientists reported. That's good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel.
More than 40，000 square kilometers of lunar surface have the capability to trap water in the form of ice, according to a team led by the University of Colorado's Paul Hayne. “That's 20% more area than previous estimates，” he said. These latest findings expand the possible landing spots for robots and astronauts.
The presence of water in sunlit surfaces had been previously suggested, but not confirmed. The molecules (分子)are so far apart that they are in neither liquid nor solid form, said lead researcher Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. And NASA's astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it's too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere's sunlit Clavius Crater—would be accessible.
As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles, temperatures are so low that they could hold onto the water for millions or even billions of years. These so-called cold traps get down to minus 163 degrees Celsius.
Using data from NASA, the researchers identified the size of cold traps and used computer models to get all the way down to micrometers in size. “Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them，” Hayne said. “Once we're on the surface, we will do that experiment.”
Scientists believe all this water on the moon came from comets, asteroids (小行星)，interplanetary dust, the solar wind or even lunar volcanic eruptions. They'll have a better idea of the sources “if we can get down on the surface and analyze samples of the ice，” Hayne said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现月球上可能存在比之前认为更多地方和更大数量的冰冻水，首次证实月球阳光照射的表面存在水，这对未来月球基地的宇航员来说是好消息，同时还介绍了月球不同区域水的存在形式、分布及来源等研究情况。
5．What can be inferred from the text？(　A　)
A.Water is extremely crucial for space exploration.
B.Researchers identified cold traps using computers.
C．Scientists knew well the sources of water on the moon.
D.Cold traps are found in and around the southern hemisphere.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“And for the first time…drinking and making rocket fuel.”可知，水对于太空探索和未来月球基地的使用极为重要。故选A项。
6．What do we know from paragraphs 3 and 4？(　B　)
A．The presence of water hasn't been confirmed.
B．Shadowed areas are abundant in frozen water.
C．Water can be easy to obtain on the moon soon.
D.Water molecules on the moon are closely connected.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“As for the shadowed areas…north and south poles”可知，阴影区域富含冰冻水。故选B项。
7．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to？(　C　)
A．Data.
B．Sunlit surfaces.
C．Cold traps.
D．Computer models.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中画线词上文可知，“them”指代上文提到的“cold traps(冷阱)”，即现在还无法识别冷阱内部的冰。故选C项。
8．What is the main idea of the text？(　D　)
A．The sources of water on the moon.
B．Water ice is widespread on the moon.
C．Good news for astronauts at lunar bases.
D．Moon holds more water than ever thought.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.”可知，文章主要讲月球上的水可能比以往认为的更多，并介绍了其分布和相关研究。故选D项。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
China made public recently specific designs for its manned lunar mission, which 1________ (schedule)to be achieved before the end of this decade. The plan is to launch two Long March 10 carrier rockets from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan province to transport a lunar landing module (舱)and 2________ manned spacecraft to lunar orbit. When 3________ (land)on the moon, the astronauts will drive a rover(探月车)to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples.
4________ (design)and engineers are developing the Long March 10 carrier rocket to achieve this goal. The manned spacecraft for the mission is also 5________ the middle of its research and development stage. In the long term, China intends to construct a lunar scientific outpost to conduct extended explorations and technology demonstration operations.
The moon is the 6________ (near)extraterrestrial body(地外天体)that humans can reach 7________ (base)on current technologies. Manned missions to the moon will be a realistic 8________ practical step to start with for expanding our exploration of deep space. Meanwhile, it is 9________ (scientific)meaningful for us to continue to explore the moon. That is 10________ it will help scientists better understand the origin and the evolution of the solar system as well as the composition of planets.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了最近中国公布了载人登月任务的具体设计方案，计划在本十年末之前完成。
1．is scheduled
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空前的which指代“its manned lunar mission”，因此定语从句谓语用第三人称单数形式。因为陈述的是现在的情况，所以要用一般现在时。且任务是被“安排”的，要用被动语态。故填is scheduled。
2．a
解析：考查冠词。空后是第一次出现的名词短语“manned spacecraft”，且spacecraft意为“航天器，宇宙飞船”，是可数名词，故用不定冠词a。
3．landing
解析：考查非谓语动词。空处所在部分是状语从句的省略，且land与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
4．Designers
解析：考查名词。根据语境和空后的“and engineers”可知，空处应表示“设计师”，空前无限定语，应用可数名词复数形式。且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。
5．in
解析：考查介词。in the middle of为固定表达，表示“处于某事过程中”。
6．nearest
解析：考查形容词最高级。空前有the，且根据语境“月球是人类基于目前的技术可以到达的最近的地外天体”可知，应用形容词最高级。
7．based
解析：考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作状语，空后为on，因此可以判断该非谓语部分应是根据短语be based on(基于……)变化(去掉be)而来的，故填过去分词。
8．and
解析：考查并列连词。空前的realistic和空后的practical都修饰step，是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
9．scientifically
解析：考查副词。空处位于形容词meaningful前，应用副词来修饰形容词，故填scientifically，意为“科学地，科学上地”。
10．because
解析：考查表语从句。由空前的is及语境可知，空处引导的是表语从句，且说明原因，故填because。(这是边文，请据需要手工删加)(共156张PPT)
选择性必修第三册　
Unit 2　Out of this world
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Space Exploration: A Journey Beyond the Stars
Space exploration is an 1.incredibly (adv. 令人难以置信)fascinating realm. Every astronaut knows the 2.gravity (n. 庄严，严肃)of their 3.mission (n. 太空飞行任务)when they step into a spacecraft. It's not 4.merely (adv. 仅仅)about reaching the planets but understanding the very 5.foundation (n. 基础)of our 6.universe (n. 宇宙). 7.Furthermore (adv. 此外)，the 8.circumstances (n. 条件)of space are unlike any on Earth. The 9.absence (n. 缺乏，不存在)of 10.gravity (n. 重力)and the constant dangers make it a 11.crucial (adj. 至关重要的)attempt.

incredibly
gravity
mission
merely
foundation
universe
Furthermore
circumstances
absence
gravity
crucial
The 12.crew (n. 全体工作人员)，trained by various 13.agencies (n. 机构)and 14.administration (n. 行政部门)bodies, is prised (vt. 包括)of individuals of exceptional skills. They 16.scan (vt. 扫描)the vastness of space, not just for the sake of discovery but to 17.evaluate (vt. 评估)potential 18.shelters (n. 住处)for future generations.
crew
agencies
administration
comprised
scan
evaluate
shelters
However, there is a lot of 19.bother (n. 问题，麻烦). The activities of 20.creature (n. 生物)we take for granted on Earth, like walking or even having a meal, become challenges in space. The 21.discipline (n. 训练)required is 22.altogether (adv. 完全)on another level. Yet, with the right foundation and the 23.purse (n. 资金)from various organizations, we 24.calculate (vt. 预测)that the dream of living on other planets is achievable.
bother
creature
discipline
altogether
purse
calculate
Space exploration is not just an attempt of science but of the human spirit. It's a demonstration of what we can achieve when we put our minds to it, regardless of the challenges. It's a journey that, with time and effort, will 25.permanently (adv. 永恒地)become a part of human history.
permanently
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 absence n. 缺乏，不存在； 缺席
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Her long absence from school delayed her graduation.
②Was it Mr Green that came to see me in my absence yesterday
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent (absence)adult.
④In the absence of crucial proof, the police could not take action against the man.
A
重难考点
from
in
absent
the
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤他已经两个星期没来了。
He has been absent from his desk for two weeks.
⑥我写这封信是为了表达我对贵公司客户服务部表现出的不尊重的不满。
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the absence of mind shown by your company's customer service department. (应用文写作之投诉信)
He has been absent from
with the absence of mind
shown by
知识归纳
(1)absence from 缺席；不在
absence of mind 心不在焉
in one's absence＝in the absence of sb.某人不在时
in the absence of 缺乏……
(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的
be absent from 不参加；缺席
absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
[写作佳句]　The room was empty and silent, the only sign of life being the faint hum of the refrigerator in the absence of the usual chatter and laughter. (读后续写之情景描写)
房间里空无一人，寂静无声，唯一的生命迹象是冰箱的微弱嗡嗡声，没有了往常的闲聊和笑声。
2 bother vt. 使烦恼；使担心；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. [U]烦扰；麻烦；困难
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Don't bother to tell/telling (tell)the tale to the children，because they show no interest in it.
②As an astronaut, you should keep your mind on the mission, and not bother about/with personal gains or losses.
③It bothered me that we couldn't find our way back but my father told me not to lose heart.
to tell/telling
about/with
that
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2025·全国二卷)很抱歉打扰你，但我只是想确认一下你的写作进展是否一切顺利。
I'm sorry to bother you with this reminder, but I wanted to check if everything is going smoothly with your writing. (应用文写作之催稿信)
bother you with this reminder,
知识归纳
bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事
bother with/about sth.
花费时间/精力(做某事)
bother sb. with/about sth.
为某事打扰或麻烦某人
It bothers sb. that…使某人苦恼的是……
[写作佳句]　(2024·浙江1月卷)For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories.
在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满俗气的爱情故事。
3 occupy vt. 占领；使用，占用；侵占；使忙于；居住
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Mrs Green occupies herself (she)in looking after her three children.
②(2022·天津卷)To keep his restless students occupied (occupy)with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
③Income, education, and occupation (occupy)all play a part in determining a person's life quality.

herself
occupied
occupation
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④He is occupied with routine tasks so he has no time to accompany his children.
→Occupying himself with routine tasks, he has no time to accompany his children.(现在分词短语作状语)
→Occupied with routine tasks, he has no time to accompany his children.(过去分词短语作状语)

Occupying himself with routine tasks,
Occupied with routine tasks,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Occupied in/Occupying myself in learning how to play the guitar during the summer break，I am more than delighted to share this experience with you.
因为暑假期间我一直在学习如何弹吉他，所以我非常乐意与大家分享这段经历。
(1)occupy oneself with sth./(in)doing sth. 使某人忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 使用中；忙于
be occupied with sth./(in)doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
(3)occupation n. 职业；使用，占用
4 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2025·全国一卷)He gradually realized that under the circumstances, his brother needed support rather than judgment about bringing Toby.
②If circumstances permit, I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
③Under no circumstances (circumstance)should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.
under
If
circumstances
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④她决心在任何情况下都不放弃，并继续战斗，直到实现她的目标。
She was determined not to give up under any circumstances, and to keep fighting until she achieved her goal. (读后续写之情感描写)
under any circumstances,
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2021·浙江1月卷)Feeling embarrassed, I reminded myself that in/under no circumstances would I commit such a mistake again.
我觉得尴尬，提醒自己绝不能再犯这样的错误了。
in/under no circumstances 决不(位于句首时，句子倒装)
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样
under any circumstances 在任何情况下
if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许
5 vital adj. 对……极重要的；必不可少的；维持生命所必需的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①It is of vital importance that we do something to protect our precious cultural heritage.
②It's vital that every piece of equipment (should)be checked (check)before the experiment.
③(2023·天津6月卷)I strongly believe that rewarding events like the Chinese Workshop are vital to promote(promote)cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.
④Fruits, vegetables and whole grains provide nutrients and plant-based compounds vital for good health.
of
(should)be checked
to promote
for
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我们互相合作，为比赛做好充分的准备是极其重要的。
It is vital that we (should)cooperate with each other and make full preparations for the competition. (应用文写作之建议信)
It is vital that we (should)cooperate with each other
知识归纳
be vital for/to sth. 对……极为重要
be of vital importance 至关重要的
It is vital to do… 做……很重要。
It is vital that sb. (should)do sth.
某人做某事是极其重要的。
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
生境恢复队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
6 assistant n. 助理；售货员；助教 adj. 助理的；副的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·全国甲卷改编)I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants (assist)working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned.
②The old man found his son at last with the assistance of some volunteers.
③International organizations intensified their activities to locate victims and assist with relief efforts.

assistants
with
with
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2025·全国一卷)在妻子的帮助下，我准备了真诚的道歉，希望能修复与兄弟的关系。
With my wife's assistance/With the assistance of my wife, I prepared a sincere apology, hoping to repair the relationship with my brother.
⑤(2023·天津3月卷)无论是帮助同学学习、协助老师管理班级，还是参加社区志愿服务，张健都积极地参与其中。
Whether it's helping classmates with their studies，assisting a teacher with classroom duties, or volunteering for community services, Zhang Jian is always there to lend a hand.
With my wife's assistance/With the assistance of my wife,
assisting a teacher
with
知识归纳
(1)assistance n. 帮助；援助
with one's assistance＝with the assistance of… 在……的帮助下
come/go to one's assistance来/去帮助某人
(2)assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助
assist in/with sth. 帮助/协助做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do/in doing sth.
帮助某人做某事
[写作佳句]　The government has provided assistance to the affected areas in the form of food, shelter, and medical aid. (应用文写作之报道)
政府以食品、住所和医疗援助的形式向受灾地区提供帮助。
7 shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter (shelter)．
②The old man sat in the shade in the open air, sheltering from the sun.
③These plants must be sheltered (shelter)from direct sunlight, or they will die.

to shelter
from
be sheltered
[能力提升]—— 微写作/一句多译
④为了躲避寒冷的天气，这些将在这里度过整个冬天的鸟一直在雪地里挖洞。
To shelter from the cold weather, these birds that will spend the whole winter here have been digging holes in the snow.(读后续写之环境描写)
⑤被父母庇护的孩子很可能被宠坏。
→Children who are sheltered by their parents are likely to be spoiled.(shelter v．)
→Children under the shelter of their parents are likely to be spoiled. (shelter n．)
To shelter from the cold weather,
who are sheltered by
under the shelter of
知识归纳
(1)a shelter from… 躲避……的地方
give sb. shelter for the night 给某人提供过夜之处
under one's shelter＝under the shelter of 受到……保护；在……的庇护下
(2)shelter from the rain/wind/sunlight 避雨/风/阳光
shelter (sb.)from sth. 躲避……；使免受……(的伤害)
[写作佳句]　Firefighters risked their own lives to shelter the local people from the burning fire.(读后续写之情景描写)
消防队员冒着生命危险，保护当地人免受大火的伤害。
8 in view of 鉴于，考虑到
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①In view of the present situation, we'll have to revise our original plan.
②As we climbed to the top of the mountains, the whole city came into view.
③Liang Sicheng was viewed as one of the best architects of his generation.
In
into
as
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④街上看不到任何人，她感到无助。
Nobody in view in the street, she felt helpless. (读后续写之情感描写)
⑤(2023·北京卷)在我看来，组织一个清洁活动将是一个产生积极影响的方法。
From my point of view/In my view, organizing a cleanup event would be a way to make a positive impact.
Nobody in view
From my point of view/In my view,
知识归纳
(1)in view 在视线范围内
come into view 映入眼帘
from one's point of view/in one's view 依某人看
have a good view of 看得清……
(2)view v. 思考；看；查看 n. 风景；视野；看法；见解
view sb./sth. as… 把……视为……
[写作佳句]　(2024·北京卷)I am firmly convinced that these topics will provide a comprehensive view of China's journey. (建议信)
我坚信这些话题将展示有关中国发展历程的全面看法。
9 句型公式：as引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走可能并不像你们想象的那么激动人心。
[基础检测]—— 用as句式补全句子
①Try as he might (尽管他努力了)，he couldn't lift the heavy box.
②Much as I like it (虽然我很喜欢它)，I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.
③Child as he is (尽管他是个孩子)，he knows a lot about space exploration.
Try as he might
Much as I like it
Child as he is
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④Although they were exhausted, they stayed up preparing the report.
→Exhausted though/as they were, they stayed up preparing the report. (倒装句)
Exhausted though/as they were,
知识归纳
[名师指津]　as作为连词，除了引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”外，还具备下列词意：“当……时候”“因为”“按照”“正如”。
(1)as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，其结构为：形容词/副词/名词(无冠词)/动词＋as＋主语＋谓语。
(2)as引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前，必须倒装；though引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前或主句之后，可以倒装，也可以不倒装； although 引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前或主句之后，不倒装。
10 句型公式：That is why… 那就是为什么……
(教材原句)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Rope skipping helps to burn calories，strengthen muscles as well as relieve academic pressure. This is why I recommend it to my fellow students.
②From space, the Earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of the surface is covered by the ocean.
why
because
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③(2025·全国一卷)我和哥哥疏远的原因是我没有考虑到托比对他的重要性。
The reason why my brother and I grew apart was that I hadn't considered Toby's importance to him.
The reason why my brother and I grew apart was that
知识归纳
(1)This/That is because…这/那是因为……(because引导的从句表示原因)
(2)This/That is the reason why… 这/那就是……的原因。(why引导的是定语从句)
(3)The reason why…is that… ……的原因是……(why引导的是定语从句)
[写作佳句]That is the reason why I always carry a spare battery with me, as I never want to be without my phone in case of an emergency.(读后续写之心理描写)
这就是我总是随身携带备用电池的原因，因为我不想在紧急情况下不能用手机。
[查漏补缺]
1．(2025·全国一卷)This new column will lay a solid foundation for students to showcase their talents.
2．The most important sales facts should be plain to see from the moment your main page loads.
3．Today translators from around the globe can plug into a truly worldwide conversation that casts new light on traditional ways of working and creates new opportunities.
B
拾遗考点
for
to
on
4．(2023·全国甲卷)Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期)comes to an end.
5．(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' (crew)efforts.
6．(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance (maintain)．
an
crews'
maintenance
7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures (creature)lived.
8．Much of the world's great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence (permanent)，and availability.
9．It's going to be your way of analyzing your own diet and trying to make sense of it.
10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A large amount of research confirms (confirm)this finding.
creatures
permanence
of
confirms
知识点拨
1.permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的→permanence n. 永久性，持久性；永久
2．maintain v. 维持；维修→maintenance n. 维持；保养
3．“a huge/large amount of ＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
4．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
5．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白……
6．plain to see 显而易见的
7．come to an end 结束
8．cast new light on 使进一步了解……
9．词根creat表示“创造”→ creature n. 生物
10．复数名词的所有格
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Without my teacher's encouragement and assistance (assist)，I couldn't have won the award.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations (evaluate)show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.
3．He is always absent from class, and his absence (absent)makes his headteacher angry.
4．(2023·全国乙卷)Occupied (occupy)in how to play the guitar during the summer break，I am more than delighted to share this experience with you.
assistance
evaluations
absence
Occupied
5．History is much more than the study of dusty (dust)old objects and events long past.
6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Most frequently (frequent)，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”
7．(2024·北京卷)The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally (original)used to develop habits important for self－care.
8．In view of his excellent performance in the competition, his teammates all advocated him being their captain.
9．Research has also shown that sleep plays a crucial role in the development of memories.
dusty
frequently
originally
In
in
10．To leave a good impression in the job interview, Mr Green put on his newly-bought suit.
on
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．discipline
(1)The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline．C
(2)The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-esteem.B
(3)It takes a lot of discipline to go jogging in winter.A
(4)The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed.D
A.n. 自制力　B．n. 训练　C．n. 纪律　D．vt. 惩罚
C
B
A
D
2．mission
(1)He viewed his mission in life as protecting the weak from the evil.B
(2)A bomber crashed during a training mission in the west Texas mountains.C
(3)The Shenzhou ⅩⅢ 　mission was expected to become the longest crewed spaceflight by China, doubling the time spent in the Shenzhou Ⅻ mission.A
A.n. 太空飞行任务　B．n. 使命，天职　C．n. 军事行动
B
C
A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)She has risen from humble origins to immense wealth.n. 出身
点拨：origin(熟义)n. 源头，起源。此处意为“出身”。
(2)Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media.n. 报道
点拨：exposure(熟义)n. 揭露；暴露；遭受。此处意为“报道”。
n. 出身
n. 报道
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，想要和自己的英国朋友Jack分享中国太空探险的研究成果，请你写一封相关的英文信件。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我们最近的探月任务取得了巨大成功，我们敬业的天文学家和科学家们也获得了重大发现。
Our recent mission to the moon was a monumental success, and our crew of dedicated astronomers and scientists also made significant discoveries.
Our recent mission to the moon
our
crew of dedicated astronomers and scientists
②此外，我们已经能够收集关于宇宙辐射及其对各种生物影响的重要数据。
Furthermore, we've been able to gather vital data on cosmic radiation and its effects on various creatures．
③中国国家航天局由政府和众多基金会支持。
China National Space Administration is backed by the administration and numerous foundations．
④它一直在这一领域努力工作。
It has been working diligently in this discipline．
Furthermore,
gather vital data
cosmic radiation
various creatures
in this discipline
the administration
and numerous foundations
⑤我相信太空探索不仅是一种奢侈，而且是更好地了解我们的宇宙的必要条件。
I believe that space exploration is not only a luxurybut also a necessity to understand our universe better.
a luxury
a necessity
to understand
Step 2句式升级
⑥将句③和句④用非谓语动词合并
China National Space Administration, backed by the administration and numerous foundations, has been working diligently in this discipline.
⑦将句⑤用merely改写
I believe that space exploration is not merely a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better.
China National Space Administration, backed by the administration and numerous foundations, has been working diligently in this discipline.
I believe that space exploration is not merely a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
I hope you're doing well. I wanted to share with you some exciting advancements in China's space exploration.
Our recent mission to the moon was a monumental success, and our crew of dedicated astronomers and scientists also made significant discoveries. Furthermore, we've been able to gather vital data on cosmic radiation and its effects on various creatures. China National Space Administration, backed by the administration and numerous foundations, has been working diligently in this discipline．
Dear Jack，
I hope you're doing well. I wanted to share with you some exciting advancements in China's space exploration.
Our recent mission to the moon was a monumental success, and our crew of dedicated astronomers and scientists also made significant discoveries. Furthermore, we've been able to gather vital data on cosmic radiation and its effects on various creatures. China National Space Administration, backed by the administration and numerous foundations, has been working diligently in this discipline．
I believe that space exploration is not merely a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better. I'll keep you updated on our future endeavors. Looking forward to catching up soon!
Warm regards，
Li Hua
I believe that space exploration is not merely a luxury but also a necessity to understand our universe better. I'll keep you updated on our future endeavors. Looking forward to catching up soon!
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
动作细节描写：哭泣
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.cry v．哭泣
2．sob v．呜咽，啜泣
3．weep v．(通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪
4．choke v．哽咽
词块 1.cry softly 轻声哭泣
2．weep silently 无声流泪
3．sob uncontrollably 无法控制地抽泣
4．cry one's eyes/heart out 某人痛哭流涕
5．burst into tears/burst out crying 放声大哭
6．with tears welling up in one's eyes 某人泪水夺眶而出
7．be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面
8．with tears rolling/running/streaming/pouring down one's cheeks 某人的眼泪从脸颊上滚落下来
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．听到宠物狗去世的消息，小女孩忍不住轻声哭泣起来。(cry)
Upon hearing that her pet dog had died, the little girl couldn't help but cry softly．
2．在葬礼上，家属因悲伤无法控制地抽泣着。(sob)
At the funeral, the family members sobbed uncontrollably with grief.
3．读到那本悲剧小说的最后一章时，他开始流泪。(weep)
He began to weep as he read the final chapter of the tragic novel.
couldn't help
but cry softly
sobbed uncontrollably
began to weep
4．想起逝去的祖母，他的声音因情绪激动而哽咽。(choke)
Thinking of his deceased grandmother, his voice choked with emotion．
5．她站在舞台上，激动得说不出话来，喜悦的泪水从脸颊上滚落下来。(roll)
She stood on the stage, too excited to speak, with tears of joy rolling down her cheeks．
choked with
with tears of joy rolling
emotion
down her cheeks
任务2　语段表达
During the graduation ceremony, when Emma realized this would be the last time she saw her best friends together, 1.tears welled up in her eyes (泪水夺眶而出)as the emotions overwhelmed her. She tried to stay strong, but when her friend Sarah gave her a farewell gift, she 2.burst into tears (放声大哭)，unable to control her feelings anymore. Sarah, seeing Emma's reaction, also began to 3.weep silently (无声流泪)as she hugged her tightly. Soon both girls were 4.wet with tears (泪流满面)as they realized how much they would miss each other. As they sat together for the last time, Emma 5.cried her heart out (痛哭流涕)thinking about all the memories they had shared during their school years.
tears welled up in her eyes
burst into tears
weep silently
wet with tears
cried her heart out
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员
2．gravity n. 重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃
3．cupboard n. 壁橱；橱柜，衣柜
4．bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力(做某事)n. 麻烦，困难
5．mission n. 任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
6．creature n. 动物，生物；人
A
默写达标
astronaut
gravity
cupboard
bother
mission
creature
7．circumstance n. 条件，状况；(pl.)境况，(尤指)经济状况
8．radiation n. 辐射，放射线
9．luxury n. 不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品
10．furthermore adv. 此外，再者
11．vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
12．discipline vt. 严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n. 训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
13．leisure n. 闲暇，空闲
14．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的
15．astronomer n. 天文学家
circumstance
radiation
luxury
furthermore
vital
discipline
leisure
crucial
astronomer
16．administration n. 行政部门；管理，行政
17．agency n. 机构；代理处
18．comprise vt. 包括，包含；组成，构成
19．foundation n. 基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会
20．mechanic n. 机械师，技工
21．incredibly adv. 极其，极端地；令人难以置信
22．shelter n. 居所，住处；庇护 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避
23．constant adj. 固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的
24．nuclear adj. 核能的，原子能的；核武器的
administration
agency
comprise
foundation
mechanic
incredibly
shelter
constant
nuclear
二、拓展单词通变化
1．evaluate vt. 评估，估计，评价→evaluation n. 评价；估价
2．exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道→expose vt. 使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光
3．visible adj. 看得见的；明显的→invisible adj. 看不见的→visibly adv. 易察觉地；明显地
4．universe n. 宇宙，天地万物→universal adj. 普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的
5．origin n. 起源，起因；出身→original adj. 起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n. 原著；原作→originally adv. 原来，起初

evaluate
evaluation
exposure
expose
visible
invisible
visibly
universe
universal
origin
original
originally
6．permanent adj. 永久的，永恒的→permanence n. 永久性，持久性；永久→permanently adv. 永久地；一直存在地
7．investment n. 投资；投入→invest v. 投资；投入
8．calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测→calculation n. 计算，运算；预测→calculator n. 计算器
9．coverage n. 新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→cover n. 覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v. 覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括
10．assistant n. 助理；售货员；助教 adj. 助理的，副的→assist v. 帮助；援助→assistance n. 帮助；援助
11．dust n. 沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj. 布满灰尘的
permanent
permanence
permanently
investment
invest
calculate
calculation
calculator
coverage
cover
assistant
assist
assistance
dust
dusty
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．float vi. 飘动，漂流；浮 vt. 使浮动，使漂流
2．ceiling n. 天花板；上限
3．microscope n. 显微镜
4．telescope n. 望远镜
5．orbit vt. & vi. 围绕……运动 n. (天体等运行的)轨道
6．hydrogen n. 氢，氢气
7．maintenance n. 维护，保养；维持，保持
8．scan vt. & vi. 扫描；细看；浏览 n. 扫描检查；快速查阅
飘动，漂流；浮
使浮动，使漂流
天花板；上限
显微镜
望远镜
围绕……运动
(天体等运行的)轨道
氢，氢气
维护，保养；维持，保持
扫描；细看；浏览
扫描检查；快速查阅
四、重点短语明搭配
1．cast new light on 使进一步了解……
2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到
4．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
5．at a time 每次
6．a huge amount of 大量的
7．long to do 渴望做……
8．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白……
9．be attached to 被固定在……
10．play a crucial role in 在……中起关键的作用
cast new light on
in the circumstances
in view of
lay the foundation for
at a time
a huge amount of
long to do
make sense of
be attached to
play a crucial role in
五、教材佳句会运用
1．由于太空中几乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。(so that 引导目的状语从句)
Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around．
2．尝试背部没有压力地入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。(It＋be＋adj.＋that...)
It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.
so that we don't float around
It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back,
3．尽管地球上的景色美妙绝伦，但太空行走可能并不像你们想象的那么激动人心。(as引导让步状语从句)
Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.
4．那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。(why引导表语从句)
That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.
5．正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。(强调句)
It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.
Splendid as the view of the Earth is,
That's why
It is through our research into space that
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Changing your habits can be hard and developing new habits takes time, but so long as you stay motivated (有动力的)，you will meet your goal.
2．His words threw light on the problem that had been bothering (困扰)me for a long time.
3．We drove round the nature reserve, which was a wide area, with many wild creatures (生物)living in it.
B
基础检测
motivated
bothering
creatures
4．He scanned (扫描)the digital counter to check the data.
5．It has been calculated (计算)that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.

scanned
calculated
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．(2025·全国二卷)Should any problems arise during the writing process, please contact me promptly for assistance (assist)．
2．Media coverage (cover)of the cycling in July was impressive.
3．Many stars overhead are invisible (visible)to the naked eye.
4．Exposure (expose)to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.
5．The meatball is incredibly (incredible)soft and juicy. Highly recommend!

assistance
coverage
invisible
Exposure
incredibly
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．With the rapid development of the Internet, the advantages of the Internet are plain to see．
2．What will happen to him and will he withstand it, it's anybody's guess．
3．In general, children are attached to their parents when they are young.
cast new light on; plain to see; in the circumstances; anybody's guess; be attached to
plain to see
anybody's
guess
are attached to
4．These days it is wet and rainy. In the circumstances, the food goes bad easily.
5．For years the disease has troubled people, but luckily, recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.
cast new light on; plain to see; in the circumstances; anybody's guess; be attached to
In the circumstances,
cast new light on
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．我们可以早点出发，这样我们就有更多的时间阅读和选择书籍。(so that引导目的状语从句)
We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
2．重要的是，我们应该设定切合实际的目标。(It be＋adj.＋that)
It's important that we (should)set realistic goals.
so that we'll have more time
It's important that we (should)
3．这个故事讲述了爱情和责任之间的经典冲突，这就是为什么广大读者认同它。(why引导表语从句)
The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty, which is why masses of readers identify with it．
4．是她的能力让她在所有参与者中脱颖而出。(强调句)
It was her ability that made her stand out from all the participants.

which is why
masses of readers identify with it
It was her ability that
课时作业
返回
课时作业43
课时作业44
课时作业43
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)
A rare lunar crystal found on the near side of the moon is giving scientists hope of providing limitless power for the world forever. The lunar crystal is made of material previously unknown to the scientific community and contains a key element for the nuclear combination process, a form of power generation that uses the same forces that fuel the sun and other stars in the universe.
The crystal was found in lunar basalt (玄武岩)small pieces collected from the moon in 2020 and makes China the third country to discover a new lunar mineral, behind the US and the former Soviet Union. The Chinese moon mission landed in Oceanus Procellarum in December 2020 and has been the first lunar sample return mission since the 1970s.
More than 1.7 kg of lunar samples were collected and delivered safely to Earth. The crystal is clear and roughly the width of a single human hair. It formed in a region of the moon that was volcanically active around 1.2 billion years ago.
One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3, which scientists believe may provide a stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors. The element is incredibly rare on Earth, but it seems to be fairly prevalent on the moon.
Although it is too early for scientists to have made any financial estimates on such a fuel source, it will undoubtedly be extremely costly. There is, of course, the matter of bringing the crystals back from the moon, especially in the large amounts that are needed to fuel fusion reactors.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在月球正面发现的一种罕见的月球晶体，晶体中的一种重要元素氦-3可能为核聚变反应堆提供稳定的燃料源，同时介绍了晶体发现的背景、晶体的特征以及利用其作为燃料源面临的问题。
1．Why is discovering helium-3 significant？(　　)
A.It provides a potential stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors.
B.It indicates the possibility of utilizing solar energy directly from the sun.
C.It offers a method for converting lunar basalt directly into electrical energy.
D.It suggests that coal reserves could be refilled through lunar resources.
A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3, which scientists believe may provide a stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors.”可知，月球晶体的一种重要成分是氦-3，科学家认为氦-3可能为核聚变反应堆提供稳定的燃料源。故选A项。
2．What do we learn about the lunar crystal？(　　)
A．It provides fuel to the sun and other stars.
B．It was found from the far side of the moon.
C．It was taken to the Earth by three countries.
D.It was China's first sample taken from the moon.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，该晶体是在2020年从月球采集的玄武岩小块中发现的，这使中国成为继美国和前苏联之后第三个发现新月球矿物的国家。中国的月球任务于2020年12月在风暴洋着陆，这是自20世纪70年代以来的首次月球样本返回任务。由此可知，该月球晶体是中国从月球上获取的首批样本。故选D项。
D
3．What does the underlined word probably mean in paragraph 4？(　　)
A．Transparent. B．Valuable.
C．Common. D．Powerful.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段的“The element is incredibly rare on Earth”可知，这种元素在地球上极其罕见。but表示转折，意味着前后两个分句所描述的情况形成鲜明对比。因此画线词应意为“普遍的”，common的意思与其一致。故选C项。
C
4．Why is it extremely costly to utilize helium-3 as a fuel source？(　　)
A．Because it is prohibited by the international laws.
B.Because it demands large amounts of crystals from the moon.
C.Because it requires the development of entirely new types of fusion reactors.
D.Because it involves complex and expensive processes to extract helium-3 from the crystal.
B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，利用氦-3作为燃料源极其昂贵是因为需要从月球带回大量的晶体来为核聚变反应堆提供燃料。故选B项。
B
(2025·河北衡水模拟)
It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years：Watching the annual Perseid meteor shower(流星雨)．But this time, as the meteors flashed across the sky, I, a junior girl, began to question, “Could my lifelong love for astronomy be more than a hobby？”
I grew up in a small town, where even graduating from high school was not a given for many students. But I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad—a pharmacist(药剂师)，one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy, the science of preparing medicines, at the University of North Carolina.
The university was only a 3.5-hour drive away, but it felt across the universe. In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree, I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered—neuroscience, archaeology, and even astrophysics. Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined. As my birthday and the Perseid meteor shower approached, I was faced with a decision：Should I stick to my long-standing plans or take a step into the unknown
Ultimately, a solar eclipse(日食)helped me make my decision. As the Moon gradually shaded the Sun, the world darkened around me. The stillness of the water, the desperate calls of birds, and the fading sunset deeply moved me. I knew what I had to do. I dropped out of pharmacy school to pursue previously unimagined options.
Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics, starting a PhD in astronomy, and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams. As I approach the final year of my PhD, I realize that growing up with the night sky gave me a valuable gift. It gave me an insight into life：On the scale of our vast universe, our individual needs, desires, fears, and insecurities shrink to insignificance, bringing humanity together. It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在生日那天观看流星雨时，开始思考自己对天文学的热爱是否能进一步发展。在大学里，她接触到不同的人群，后来又被日食的情景所启发，最终决定追求天文学的梦想。
5．What motivated the author to major in pharmacy？(　　)
A．Her ambition to become a doctor.
B．The encouragement of her friend.
C．Her childhood passion for pharmacy.
D．The influence of her best friend's father.
D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad—a pharmacist(药剂师)，one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy”可知，作者最好的朋友的父亲是一名药剂师，他是作者所在社区中为数不多的职业榜样之一，因此，她选择主修药剂学。所以作者是受到了最好的朋友的父亲的影响才主修药剂学的。故选D。
6．How did the author's experience at university shape her？(　　)
A．It helped her stick to her belief.
B．It opened her mind to new ideas.
C．It enhanced her pharmacy study.
D．It developed her thinking abilities.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree, I had met people…Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.”可知，作者在大学期间遇到了来自不同职业的人和不同科学领域的博士，这些人的热情和学识让她看到了她从未想象过的世界。这表明大学经历开阔了她的眼界，使她接触到了新事物。故选B。
B
7．What can we learn from the author's understanding of life？(　　)
A.Accepting insecurities helps us handle challenges.
B.Personal problems still matter in the vast universe.
C.It's vital to pursue dreams despite personal challenges.
D.It is small and unimportant things that mean a lot to us.
C
解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段描述作者在追寻梦想过程中的感悟，根据其中的“It gave me an insight into life：…It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self-doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.”可知，作者通过自己的经历认识到，在广阔的宇宙中，我们的个人需求、欲望、恐惧和不安全感都变得微不足道，这让全人类紧密相连。它让作者摆脱了尘世的担忧、羞愧或自我怀疑，不再让它们阻碍自己追寻新的梦想。这表明尽管面临个人挑战，追求梦想仍然至关重要。故选C。
8．Which of the following best describes the author？(　　)
A．Caring and patient.
B．Modest and honest.
C．Generous and helpful.
D．Curious and determined.
D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，作者在大学期间接触到了不同的人群，经过认真思考后决定要踏入新的领域，这体现出她对新事物充满好奇，愿意探索不同的可能性。根据最后一段中的“Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics…follow my dreams.”可知，作者在决定追求天文学梦想之后，面临了诸多挑战，并坚持了下来，坚定地朝着自己的目标前进，这充分体现了她意志坚定的品质。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)
“You're just a girl and you fight like a girl！” A boy spoke ill of my boxing performance as he ran away. Like a rock to a piece of glass, it __1__ my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do, and my confidence __2__ into the blackness.
Through the years, I buried those words in the depth of my memory as life __3__ them with tasks, goals and achievements. Days melted away, and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then __4__ ran out of control as I was met with the __5__： “You have cancer.”
A(n)__6__ year of surgeries and complications (并发症)made my happy ending impossible. So I decided to rise to life challenges. Then came periods of __7__ mixed with interruptions of relapses (旧病复发)．Several times in my life, I have __8__ those awful words through my half-a-century __9__.But through my faith，I never allowed them to leave me __10__.Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to __11__ myself how strong and determined I am.
After one of my battles，someone asked me，“How do you keep going and not __12__？”Instantly，I was taken back to that __13__ of my youth and those hurtful words suddenly __14__ new meaning in my heart. A smile formed upon my lips as I turned to face my friend. “I __15__ because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候因被男孩嘲笑“像女孩一样战斗”而自信心受挫。多年后，作者遭遇癌症，经历了手术和并发症，生活陷入困境。但在与病魔的斗争中，作者重新想起那些伤人的话，并赋予其新的意义，靠着“像女孩一样战斗”的信念坚持了下来。
“You're just a girl and you fight like a girl！” A boy spoke ill of my boxing performance as he ran away. Like a rock to a piece of glass, it __1__ my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do, and my confidence __2__ into the blackness.
1．(　　)A.ruined B．established
C．restored D．corrected
解析：上文提到男孩嘲笑作者，根据“Like a rock to a piece of glass”可知，男孩的话严重破坏了作者认为自己能和男同学一样做任何事的信念。ruin“破坏，毁坏”；establish“建立”；restore“恢复”；correct“纠正”。
答案分析
A
“You're just a girl and you fight like a girl！” A boy spoke ill of my boxing performance as he ran away. Like a rock to a piece of glass, it __1__ my belief that I could do anything that my male classmates could do, and my confidence __2__ into the blackness.
2．(　　)A.faded B．expanded
C．flowed D．poured
解析：因为作者的信念被破坏，所以作者的自信心也随之消逝在黑暗中。fade“逐渐消失”；expand“扩大”；flow“流动”；pour“倾倒”。
A
Through the years, I buried those words in the depth of my memory as life __3__ them with tasks, goals and achievements.
3．(　　)A.combined B．loaded
C．presented D．replaced
解析：根据语境可知，这些年来，生活中的任务、目标和成就取代了那些伤人的话语，作者将其深埋在记忆深处。combine“(使)结合，(使)组合”；load“(把大量……)装上，装入”；present“授予，赠送，呈递”；replace“取代”。
D
Days melted away, and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then __4__ ran out of control as I was met with the __5__： “You have cancer.”
4．(　　)A.unhurriedly B．unexpectedly
C．unreasonably D．unaffectedly
解析：上文提到作者的生活像一部受欢迎的电影每天重复播放，转折词but表明情况发生了变化。下文说到作者被诊断出癌症，这是意料之外的事情。unhurriedly“不慌不忙地”；unexpectedly“出乎意料地”；unreason-ably“不合理地”；unaffectedly“未受影响地”。
B
Days melted away, and my life became a welcome movie that replayed daily but then __4__ ran out of control as I was met with the __5__： “You have cancer.”
5．(　　)A.lesson B．post
C．news D．advice
解析：根据下文的“You have cancer”可知，作者患癌的消息使事情发生了变化。lesson“课程，教训”；post“邮件，职位”；news“消息”；advice“建议”。
C
A(n)__6__ year of surgeries and complications (并发症)made my happy ending impossible. So I decided to rise to life challenges.
6．(　　)A.wearing B．promising
C．amazing D．inspiring
解析：根据下文的“of surgeries and complications (并发症)made my happy ending impossible”可知，这一年充满了艰辛，令人疲惫不堪。wearing“使人疲倦的，令人厌烦的”；promising“有前途的”；amazing“令人大为惊奇的”；inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。
A
Then came periods of __7__ mixed with interruptions of relapses (旧病复发)．
7．(　　)A.guilt B．boredom
C．calm D．shame
解析：根据下文的“mixed with interruptions of relapses (旧病复发)”可知，在与疾病斗争的过程中，作者也有相对平静的时期。guilt“内疚”；boredom“无聊”；calm“平静”；shame“羞愧”。
C
Several times in my life, I have __8__ those awful words through my half-a-century __9__.
8．(　　)A.coined B．recalled
C．processed D．spelled
解析：上文提到作者小时候被男孩嘲笑，这使作者的信念被破坏，对作者造成了极大的影响。根据下文的“those awful words”可知，在作者的一生中，作者多次回想起那些糟糕的话。coin“创造(新词语)”；recall“回想”；process“处理”；spell“拼写”。
B
Several times in my life, I have __8__ those awful words through my half-a-century __9__.
9．(　　)A.expectations B．dreams
C．tales D．battles
解析：上文提到作者患癌后进行了多次手术，根据最后一段的“After one of my battles”可知，这里强调的是作者与癌症的斗争。expectation“期望”；dream“梦想”；tale“故事”；battle“斗争”。
D
But through my faith，I never allowed them to leave me __10__.
10．(　　)A.fearless B．hopeless
C．speechless D．heartless
解析：根据上文的“I decided to rise to life challenges” 和“But through my faith”可知，在与疾病的斗争中，作者虽然多次想起那些伤人的话，但没有让自己陷入绝望。fearless“无畏的”；hopeless“绝望的”；speechless“(尤指气得或惊讶得)说不出话的”；heartless“无情的”。
B
Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths and to __11__ myself how strong and determined I am.
11．(　　)A.warn B．comfort
C．remind D．question
解析：根据上文的“Every incident in life becomes an opportunity to explore new paths”和下文的“how strong and determined I am”可知，作者认为生活中的每一件事都是探索新道路的机会，也让自己想起自己是多么坚强和坚定。warn“警告”；comfort“安慰”； remind“提醒，使想起”；question“怀疑”。
C
After one of my battles，someone asked me，“How do you keep going and not __12__？”
12．(　　)A.get through B．give up
C．insist on D．hold back
解析：上文提到作者一直与疾病作斗争，没有放弃，把生活中的每一件事都看作探索新道路的机会。get through“顺利通过”；give up“放弃”；insist on“坚持”；hold back“(使)犹豫，踌躇”。
B
Instantly，I was taken back to that __13__ of my youth and those hurtful words suddenly __14__ new meaning in my heart.
13．(　　)A.scene B．fantasy
C．glory D．adventure
解析：作者瞬间回想起小时候被男孩嘲笑的那个场景。scene“场景”；fantasy“幻想”；glory“光荣”；adventure“冒险”。
A
Instantly，I was taken back to that __13__ of my youth and those hurtful words suddenly __14__ new meaning in my heart.
14．(　　)A.laid B．revised
C．erased D．held
解析：根据下文的“new meaning in my heart”和 “I __15__ because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL”可知，对作者来说，那些曾经伤人的话突然有了新的意义。lay“提出”；revise “改变”；erase“擦掉”；hold“拥有”。
D
A smile formed upon my lips as I turned to face my friend. “I __15__ because I FIGHT LIKE A GIRL.”
15．(　　)A.withdraw B．respond
C．survive D．apologize
解析：上文提到作者一直坚持与疾病作斗争，这里作者回应因为自己“像女孩一样战斗”，所以能存活下来。withdraw“退出，不参加”；respond“回应”； survive“存活”；apologize“道歉”。
C
课时作业44
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·湖北武汉模拟)
With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere, Venus has been described as “Earth's evil twin”—similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more hospitable, but recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever hosted life as we know it.
Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma (岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised (结晶)，meaning the planet's interior (内部)would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt. “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water，” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet.
Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release reflects an equally dry Venusian interior，” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the theory that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate.
Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了金星虽与地球大小相似却环境恶劣，其是否宜居存在争议。剑桥大学Constantinou团队研究发现，金星内部缺水、火山喷发“干燥”，不支持其曾有地表水和宜居气候的说法，NASA未来探测或可验证结论。
1．What is the finding of the recent research？(　　)
A．Venus is Earth's identical twin.
B．Venus sets the whole world apart.
C．Venus was unlikely to sustain life.
D．Venus was more habitable than thought.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Some astronomers believe…as we know it.”可知，最近的研究得出的结论是金星不太可能存在生命。故选C项。
C
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research？(　　)
A．Its methods.
B．Its procedures.
C．Its potential impact.
D．Its theoretical foundation.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Constantinou noted that…inside the interior of the planet.”可知，该段主要阐述研究的理论基础及金星内部缺水的原因，体现了研究如何推导出金星不宜居的结论。故选D项。
D
3．How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion？(　　)
A．By analysing the changes of water content.
B．By studying the properties of substances.
C．By investigating the components of water.
D．By examining the differences of volcanoes.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Constantinou and his colleagues studied…was being added.”可知，研究者通过分析金星大气的水分变化来得出内部缺水的结论。故选A项。
A
4．What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou？(　　)
A．Carry out more fly-bys.
B．Identify upcoming threats.
C．Conduct Venus observations.
D．Narrow down astronomers' search.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Constantinou said resolving the question…for life to begin.”可知，该研究结论可帮助天文学家排除金星作为宜居行星的可能性。故选D项。
D
B
(2026·福建八市联考)
The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected. And for the first time, the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface has been confirmed, scientists reported. That's good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel.
More than 40，000 square kilometers of lunar surface have the capability to trap water in the form of ice, according to a team led by the University of Colorado's Paul Hayne. “That's 20% more area than previous estimates，” he said. These latest findings expand the possible landing spots for robots and astronauts.
The presence of water in sunlit surfaces had been previously suggested, but not confirmed. The molecules (分子)are so far apart that they are in neither liquid nor solid form, said lead researcher Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. And NASA's astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it's too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere's sunlit Clavius Crater—would be accessible.
As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles, temperatures are so low that they could hold onto the water for millions or even billions of years. These so-called cold traps get down to minus 163 degrees Celsius.
Using data from NASA, the researchers identified the size of cold traps and used computer models to get all the way down to micrometers in size. “Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them，” Hayne said. “Once we're on the surface, we will do that experiment.”
Scientists believe all this water on the moon came from comets, asteroids (小行星)，interplanetary dust, the solar wind or even lunar volcanic eruptions. They'll have a better idea of the sources “if we can get down on the surface and analyze samples of the ice，” Hayne said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现月球上可能存在比之前认为更多地方和更大数量的冰冻水，首次证实月球阳光照射的表面存在水，这对未来月球基地的宇航员来说是好消息，同时还介绍了月球不同区域水的存在形式、分布及来源等研究情况。
5．What can be inferred from the text？(　　)
A.Water is extremely crucial for space exploration.
B.Researchers identified cold traps using computers.
C．Scientists knew well the sources of water on the moon.
D.Cold traps are found in and around the southern hemisphere.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“And for the first time…drinking and making rocket fuel.”可知，水对于太空探索和未来月球基地的使用极为重要。故选A项。
A
6．What do we know from paragraphs 3 and 4？(　　)
A．The presence of water hasn't been confirmed.
B．Shadowed areas are abundant in frozen water.
C．Water can be easy to obtain on the moon soon.
D.Water molecules on the moon are closely connected.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“As for the shadowed areas…north and south poles”可知，阴影区域富含冰冻水。故选B项。
B
7．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to？(　　)
A．Data.
B．Sunlit surfaces.
C．Cold traps.
D．Computer models.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中画线词上文可知，“them”指代上文提到的“cold traps(冷阱)”，即现在还无法识别冷阱内部的冰。故选C项。
C
8．What is the main idea of the text？(　　)
A．The sources of water on the moon.
B．Water ice is widespread on the moon.
C．Good news for astronauts at lunar bases.
D．Moon holds more water than ever thought.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.”可知，文章主要讲月球上的水可能比以往认为的更多，并介绍了其分布和相关研究。故选D项。
D
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
China made public recently specific designs for its manned lunar mission, which 1________ (schedule)to be achieved before the end of this decade. The plan is to launch two Long March 10 carrier rockets from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan province to transport a lunar landing module (舱)and 2________ manned spacecraft to lunar orbit. When 3________ (land)on the moon, the astronauts will drive a rover(探月车)to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples.
4________ (design)and engineers are developing the Long March 10 carrier rocket to achieve this goal. The manned spacecraft for the mission is also 5________ the middle of its research and development stage. In the long term, China intends to construct a lunar scientific outpost to conduct extended explorations and technology demonstration operations.
The moon is the 6________ (near)extraterrestrial body(地外天体)that humans can reach 7________ (base)on current technologies. Manned missions to the moon will be a realistic 8________ practical step to start with for expanding our exploration of deep space. Meanwhile, it is 9________ (scientific)meaningful for us to continue to explore the moon. That is 10________ it will help scientists better understand the origin and the evolution of the solar system as well as the composition of planets.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了最近中国公布了载人登月任务的具体设计方案，计划在本十年末之前完成。
China made public recently specific designs for its manned lunar mission, which 1________ (schedule)to be achieved before the end of this decade.
1．is scheduled
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空前的which指代“its manned lunar mission”，因此定语从句谓语用第三人称单数形式。因为陈述的是现在的情况，所以要用一般现在时。且任务是被“安排”的，要用被动语态。故填is scheduled。
答案分析
is scheduled
The plan is to launch two Long March 10 carrier rockets from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan province to transport a lunar landing module (舱)and 2________ manned spacecraft to lunar orbit.
2．a
解析：考查冠词。空后是第一次出现的名词短语“manned spacecraft”，且spacecraft意为“航天器，宇宙飞船”，是可数名词，故用不定冠词a。
a
When 3________ (land)on the moon, the astronauts will drive a rover(探月车)to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples.
3．landing
解析：考查非谓语动词。空处所在部分是状语从句的省略，且land与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
landing
4________ (design)and engineers are developing the Long March 10 carrier rocket to achieve this goal.
4．Designers
解析：考查名词。根据语境和空后的“and engineers”可知，空处应表示“设计师”，空前无限定语，应用可数名词复数形式。且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。
Designers
The manned spacecraft for the mission is also 5________ the middle of its research and development stage. In the long term, China intends to construct a lunar scientific outpost to conduct extended explorations and technology demonstration operations.
5．in
解析：考查介词。in the middle of为固定表达，表示“处于某事过程中”。
in
The moon is the 6________ (near)extraterrestrial body(地外天体)that humans can reach 7________ (base)on current technologies.
6．nearest
解析：考查形容词最高级。空前有the，且根据语境“月球是人类基于目前的技术可以到达的最近的地外天体”可知，应用形容词最高级。
nearest
The moon is the 6________ (near)extraterrestrial body(地外天体)that humans can reach 7________ (base)on current technologies.
7．based
解析：考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作状语，空后为on，因此可以判断该非谓语部分应是根据短语be based on(基于……)变化(去掉be)而来的，故填过去分词。
based
Manned missions to the moon will be a realistic 8________ practical step to start with for expanding our exploration of deep space.
8．and
解析：考查并列连词。空前的realistic和空后的practical都修饰step，是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
and
Meanwhile, it is 9________ (scientific)meaningful for us to continue to explore the moon.
9．scientifically
解析：考查副词。空处位于形容词meaningful前，应用副词来修饰形容词，故填scientifically，意为“科学地，科学上地”。
scientifically
That is 10________ it will help scientists better understand the origin and the evolution of the solar system as well as the composition of planets.
10．because
解析：考查表语从句。由空前的is及语境可知，空处引导的是表语从句，且说明原因，故填because。(这是边文，请据需要手工删加)
because

展开更多......

收起↑