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(共158张PPT)
选择性必修第三册　
Unit 3　Back to the past
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Zheng He‘s Maritime Expeditions:A Tale of Exploration and Diplomacy
In the early 15th century, the 1.breadth (n. 宽度)of the oceans was a mystery to many. However, under the 2.royal (adj. 皇家的)order of the Ming Dynasty, an 3.exceptional (adj. 杰出的，优秀的)4.captain (n. 船长)named Zheng He was tasked with an 5.influential (adj. 有很大影响力的)mission of exploration. With a 6.load (n. 大量)of treasures 7.aboard (prep. 在船上)his massive fleet, he set out on a 8.route (n. 路途). His 9.log (n. 航海日志)was filled with tales of 10.harmony (n. 和谐)with foreign kingdoms and the output of trade, including 11.cloth (n. 布料)and spices.
breadth
royal
exceptional
captain
influential
load
aboard
route
log
harmony
cloth
The ships were 12.uniform (adj. 统一的)in design. 13.Meanwhile (adv. 同时)，as they sailed, the crew would often 14.dive (vi. 俯冲)into the water to catch fresh fish, with 15.eagles (n. 雕)soaring above. But there were some challenges in the journey. Storms would 16.thunder (vi. 轰隆隆地响)，causing chaos and making the water 17.leak (vi. 漏，渗漏)into the ships. Yet, Zheng He would insist on moving forward, even when the water was 18.contrary (adj. 相反的)to their path.
uniform
Meanwhile
dive
eagles
thunder
leak
contrary
On one occasion, a 19.plot (n. 阴谋)was 20.hatched (vt. 密谋)by pirates to 21.drag (vt. 拖，拉)the fleet into a trap. But with Zheng He's leadership and the discipline of his crew, they managed to 22.shift (v. 改变)their course, avoiding the sinking sands and potential 23.prison (n. 监狱，牢笼)of the pirates. They even managed to 24.reform (vt. 使改过自新)some of the pirates.
In every port, the fleet was met with awe. The 25.available (adj. 可用的)goods were exchanged, and cultures were shared. The 26.phrase (n.习语)“Zheng He has arrived” became synonymous with prosperity.
plot
hatched
drag
shift
prison
reform
available
phrase
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We finally convinced them of our innocence.
②We've been trying to convince him to give (give)up the plan.
③(2024·浙江1月卷)She had doubted herself at the beginning, convincing (convince)herself that she would finish last.

A
重难考点
of
to give
convincing
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④她确信自己做出了正确的决定，并决心将其进行到底。
She was convinced that she had made the right decision, and was determined to see it through to the end. (读后续写之心理描写)
⑤我确信你喜欢剪纸，所以我想邀请你来参观展览。
Convinced that you like paper-cutting, I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition. (应用文写作之邀请信)
was convinced that
Convinced that
知识归纳
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that… 使某人相信
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be convinced of 坚信；确信
be convinced that…确信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的
[写作佳句]　He tried to convince her of the error of her ways, but she was too stubborn to listen. (读后续写之人物描写)
他试图使她相信她的方法是错误的，但她太固执了，听不进去。
2 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He refused to acknowledge being defeated (defeat)in the match, but in vain.
②The “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③(2025·全国二卷)It is widely acknowledged (acknowledge)that your insights are very popular among our student readers, so we are all eagerly anticipating this piece.

being defeated
as
acknowledged
④(2023·全国甲卷)Confucius is acknowledged to be (be)one of the greatest ancient educators in China，who greatly influenced China throughout the history.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我承认我犯了一个错误，并对由此造成的任何不便表示诚挚的歉意。
I acknowledge that I made a mistake and I am truly sorry for any inconvenience this may have caused. (应用文写作之道歉信)
to be
acknowledge that I made a mistake
知识归纳
acknowledge…to be/as… 承认……是/为……
be acknowledged as 被认为是
acknowledge doing/having done sth.
承认做了某事
It is generally/widely/universally acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为……
in acknowledgement of 对……表示感谢
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I acknowledged Gunter from the bottom of my heart，without whom I couldn't have made it to the bus station.Consequently，I would buy him an exquisite gift in acknowledgement of his selfless assistance.
我从心底里感谢甘特，没有他，我不可能到达汽车站。所以我会给他买一份精美的礼物，以感谢他的无私帮助。
3 insist vi. & vt. 坚持说；坚持，坚决要求
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①John still insisted that he heard (hear)somebody in the house.
②I insist that immediate action (should)be taken (take)to solve the problem.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③考虑到他糟糕的健康状况，医生坚持要他在回去工作之前好好休息一下。
→Considering his poor health, the doctor insisted on his taking a good rest before going back to work. (insist on)
→Considering his poor health, the doctor insisted that he (should)take a good rest before going back to work. (虚拟语气)
heard
(should)be taken
insisted on his taking a good
rest
insisted that he (should)take
a good rest
知识归纳
(1)insist on (doing)sth. 坚决要求(做)某事
insist that…坚决要求……；坚持说……
(2)当insist意为“坚持说”时，后面的宾语从句用陈述语气；当insist意为“坚决要求”时，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
[写作佳句]　(2025·浙江1月卷)I strongly insist that we should establish clear guidelines about filming videos on campus to protect everyone's rights.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
我强烈坚持认为我们应该建立关于在校园拍摄视频的明确指导方针以保护每个人的权利。
4 panic n. 恐慌；惊慌 vi. & vt. (panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Tom panicked at the sound of thunder and his wife also got into a panic.
②The ship leaked badly，which panicked some men on board into diving into the water.
③(2025·全国一卷)For a moment, I panicked over/about/at how to face my brother after our argument, my heart racing.
a
into
over/about/at
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④马克冲进车里，砰地关上车门，惊恐地浑身发抖。
Mac rushed into the car, slammed the door and trembled all over in panic. (读后续写之动作描写)
trembled all over in
panic
知识归纳
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic at/over/about 因……而恐慌
panic sb. into doing sth.
使某人仓皇行事
[写作佳句]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)What amazed me more was that he fully enjoyed his running without any panic/without getting panicked, winning storms of cheers and applause.(心理描写)
更让我惊叹的是，他完全享受他的赛跑，没有感到丝毫的恐慌，并赢得了暴风雨般的欢呼和掌声。
5 regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Regardless of the fact that they lacked cooking experience，the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.
②The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless (不加理会)．
③Cycling, along with swimming and jogging, is regarded as (被认为)one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

of
regardless
is regarded as
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④在这方面，我想邀请您参加我们新办公室的开幕仪式，在仪式中我们将展示我们最新的产品和服务。
In this regard, I would like to extend an invitation to you to attend the opening ceremony of our new office, where we will be showcasing our latest products and services. (应用文写作之邀请信)
In this regard,
知识归纳
(1)regardless of 不管，不顾
(2)regard vt. 把……视为；看待 n. 注意；关注；尊重
regard…as… 把……看作……
in this regard 在这方面
in/with regard to 关于；至于
(3)in spite of＝despite 尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
[写作佳句]　They would talk to me in regard to my application for the post of assistant editor.(应用文写作之告知信)
他们将就我申请助理编辑职位一事与我谈谈。
6 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was quite astonished to find (find)that my attempt to catch the last bus ended in failure and I was at a loss，uncertain about what to do next.
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing (astonish)potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI－powered future.
③(2025·浙江1月卷)To everyone's astonishment (astonish)，there it was—an old watch, just as the man had described.
to find
astonishing
astonishment
④It astonished us greatly that he should have failed the exam, especially as he had always been so diligent and hard-working.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤(2024·天津3月卷)你对科技在中国带来的巨大变化感到惊讶是很正常的。
It is normal for you to be astonished at/by the significant changes brought about by technology in China.
⑥看着丈夫抱着一束花，她呆住了，惊讶地张大了嘴。
Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers，she froze，her mouth dropping open in astonishment.

that
to be astonished at/by
dropping open in astonishment
知识归纳
(1)It astonishes (astonished)sb. that…
令某人感到吃惊的是……
(2)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished at/by 对……感到惊讶(3)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
(4)astonishment n. 惊讶，惊奇
in astonishment 惊讶地
to one's astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
[写作佳句]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)When I pushed the door open, I was astonished to find he was reading my essay.(动作描写)
当我推开门时，我惊讶地发现他正在读我的文章。
7 adopt vt. 收养，领养；采用，采纳
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①She has always treated her adopted (adopt)son as if he were her own biological child.
②Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt)services for homeless animals.
③What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting (adopt)different ways of living in early adulthood.

adopted
adoption
adopting
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我希望你能采纳这些建议，这将帮助你提高你的英语水平。
I hope you can adopt these suggestions, which will help you improve your English. (应用文写作之建议信)
adopt these suggestions,
知识归纳
(1)adopt an approach/a policy…
采用某方法/政策……
adopt sb. as sth.
过继；收养；选定某人为……
(2)adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的
adoption n. 收养；采纳，采用
[名师指津]　adapt v. 适应；调整，使适合；改编
[写作佳句]　I would like to adopt an approach that combines both traditional methods and modern technology. (应用文写作之介绍信)
我想采用一种将传统方法和现代技术相结合的方法。
8 pass on 传递；传下去
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①If we always wait for another day, fruitlessly our life will pass away．
②Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.
③She suffered from a disease that caused her to pass out at school.
④He was passed over in favour of a younger man.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤他必须通过一系列严格的安全检查才能获准进入禁区。
He had to pass through a series of rigorous security checks before he was allowed to enter the restricted area. (读后续写之情节介绍)
away
to
out
over
pass through
知识归纳
pass away (婉辞)亡故；消失，消逝
pass by (sb./sth.)经过(某人/某物)
pass sth. on to sb.转交某物给某人
pass out 昏迷，失去知觉
pass sb. over (考虑提升时)跳过某人
pass over sth. 避免提及/考虑某事
pass through 经过，路过
[写作佳句]　Birds were chattering somewhere, and occasionally he could hear a vehicle pass by. (读后续写之环境描写)
鸟儿们在某处啁啾，偶尔他能听到一辆汽车经过。
9 句型公式：with复合结构
(教材原句)On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen．
1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me，with his head buried (bury)in his arms.
②(2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding (pound)and legs shaking (shake)．
buried
pounding
shaking
③With lots of difficult problems to settle (settle)，the boss has no time to go on holiday.
④He was asleep with the window open (开着窗户)．
⑤Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms (怀里抱着孩子)
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥看到孩子们为她做的早餐，母亲既高兴又感动，泪水涌出了眼眶。
At the sight of the breakfast her children made for her, the mother felt happy and moved with tears welling up in her eyes. (读后续写之情感、动作描写)
with the window open
with a baby in her arms
with tears welling up in her eyes
to settle
⑦他用唯一的武器——一把枪，与敌人作战。
He fought against the enemy with a gun his only weapon. (读后续写之动作描写)

with a gun his only weapon
知识归纳
with复合结构指的是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中可作定语或状语。作状语时，常表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。
with复合结构有以下几种形式：
with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词
with＋名词/代词＋名词
with＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)
with＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或动作正在进行)
with＋宾语＋ to do(不定式表示动作尚未发生)
[名师指津]　with复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节。①在句中作状语，表示条件、原因、时间、方式或伴随情况等，可以和相应的状语从句转换。②用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。
10 句型公式：where引导地点状语从句
(教材原句)Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Given my physical health, the doctor convinced me to live where the air is fresher.
②Given my physical health, the doctor convinced me to live in the place where the air is fresher.
where
where
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③我们应该对生活采取积极的态度，所以我们要勇敢地从跌倒之处站起来。
We should adopt a positive attitude towards life so we should stand up bravely where we fall down. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
where we fall down
知识归纳
[名师指津]　注意区别where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句：where作为关系副词引导定语从句时，where代替先行词在从句中作状语，而where作为连词引导的地点状语从句中，where不作任何成分。
(1)地点状语从句在句子中作状语，表示地点，主要由where，wherever 等引导。
(2)where引导地点状语从句，意为“在/到……的地方、位置”；wherever意为“无论何地”。
[查漏补缺]
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East，and the charity has been given financial (finance)support to roll it out countrywide.
2．These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team.
3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen (strength)the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
B
拾遗考点
financial
for
strengthen
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Not only do they enhance our travel experience, but they also have a profound impact on the economic environment and social development.
5．You could get in touch with them immediately if there's anything suspicious happening next door.
6．The Nature Conservancy has declared war on a multitude of invasive species here, from sheep to plants to the aggressive Argentine ant.
7．He delivered a speech on behalf of all the graduates on graduation day.
on
in
on
a
8．Vitamin K is routinely given in the first week of life to prevent bleeding (bleed)．
9．Yesterday was a day off for everybody, with the exception (except)of Lorenzo.
10．It was the seventeenth century before Newton determined the freezing (freeze)point of water.
bleeding
exception
freezing
知识点拨
1.exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n. 例外
2．have an impact on 对……有影响
3．freeze vi. & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的
4．finance n. 财政；资金→financial adj. 财政的，金融的
5．bleed vi. 失血，流血→bleeding n. 流血，失血
6．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内
7．get in touch with 和……取得联系
8．strength n. 体力，力量→strengthen v. 加强，加固
9．deliver a speech 发表演讲
10．declare war on 对……宣战
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It is acknowledged that practising oral English is an effective way to learn English.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The fresh air and warm sunshine made the whole experience delightful. It felt amazing to combine art with nature in such a harmonious (harmony)way.
3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the appearance of a real beggar and his convincing (convince)dialect soon won him the trust of the beggars.
that
harmonious
convincing
4．Though the trip to the memorial (memory)was over, it left a permanent memory on me.
5．To my astonishment, my classmate, Johnson, ran 100m in an astonishing (astonish)10.9 seconds.
6．(2024·全国甲卷)My childhood is quite happy compared (compare)with hers.
7．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary (literature)form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
memorial
To
astonishing
compared
literary
8．(2021·浙江1月卷)On behalf of our school，I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting.
9．Contrary to common belief, taking a walk immediately after a meal doesn't necessarily do good to our health.
10．If a school doesn't have any rules to manage its students, the whole school will be in chaos.
On
to
in
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．dismiss
(1)If you are late again，you will be dismissed．B
(2)At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed．C
(3)We should dismiss all thoughts of revenge from our mind.A
(4)They were quick to dismiss rumors of an offscreen romance.E
(5)The case was dismissed owing to lack of evidence.D
A.vt. 去除，消除　B．vt. 解雇　C．vt. 解散　D．vt. 不予受理　E．vt. 否认
B
C
A
E
D
2．available
(1)If you are available this afternoon, let's go shopping together.C
(2)(2025·浙江1月卷)Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders.A
(3)The round trip ticket is available for two months.B
A.adj. 可获得的　B．adj. 有效的　C．adj. 有空的
C
A
B
3．pack
(1)Two thousand students who came to attend the lecture packed the school hall.E
(2)The workers packed the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”．D
(3)It is a shy animal which hunts at night, alone or in small packs．C
(4)We saw many climbers carrying some food and drinks in their packs on their back.A
(5)The boy planned to buy his father a pack of tea as a birthday gift using his change.B
A.n. 包裹，背包　B．n. 纸包，纸盒　C．n. 一群　D．v. 把……打包；把……装进(箱子)E．v. 塞满，挤满
E
D
C
A
B
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of everyone who helped us.v. (公开)感谢
点拨：acknowledge (熟义)v. 承认，认可。此处意为“(公开)感谢”。
(2)The little girl who stayed at home alone froze with terror as the door slowly opened.v. 停住不动，惊呆
点拨：freeze (熟义)v. 冻结，冻住。此处意为“停住不动，惊呆”。
v. (公开)感谢
v. 停住不动，惊呆
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是学生会主席李华，你需要给你校国际部的学生做一个航海考古主题的英文演讲，请你写一篇演讲稿。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①今天，我想带大家在迷人的海洋考古世界中遨游。
Today, I'd like to take you on a voyage through the fascinating world of maritime archaeology.
take you on a voyage through the fascinating world
②在我们的旅程中，我们会发现船长们曾经是如何不顾危险坚持走特定的路线来促进贸易的。
In our journey, we'll discover how captains once insisted on specific routes to facilitate trade, regardless of the danger．
③不要忽视他们所面临的挑战，这是至关重要的。
It's essential not to dismiss the challenges they faced．
④许多船只都没能到达目的地，最后成了财宝的水下牢笼。
Many ships never made it and ended up as underwater prisons for their treasures．
insisted on specific
regardless of the danger
dismiss the challenges they faced
underwater prisons for
routes
their treasures
⑤然而，由于现代技术，这些文物现在可供我们研究。
However, thanks to modern technology, these culture relics are now available for us to study．
⑥它们让我们得以一窥那些曾经在海上航行的人的生活。
They serve as a glimpse into the lives of those who once sailed the seas．

available for us to study
of those who once sailed the
are now
seas
Step 2句式升级
⑦将句④升级为非谓语动词作伴随状语
Many ships never made it, ending up as underwater prisons for their treasures.
⑧将句⑤改成It作形式主语
However, thanks to modern technology, it is now available for us to study these culture relics.
Many ships never made it, ending up as underwater prisons for their treasures.
However, thanks to modern technology, it is now available for us to study these culture relics.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
The Marvels of Maritime Archaeology
Hello, everyone! I'm Li Hua, your student council president. Today, I'd like to take you on a voyage through the fascinating world of maritime archaeology.
In our journey, we'll discover how captains once insisted on specific routes to facilitate trade, regardless of the danger. It's essential not to dismiss the challenges they faced. Many ships never made it, ending up as underwater prisons for their treasures.
The Marvels of Maritime Archaeology
Hello, everyone! I'm Li Hua, your student council president. Today, I'd like to take you on a voyage through the fascinating world of maritime archaeology.
In our journey, we'll discover how captains once insisted on specific routes to facilitate trade, regardless of the danger. It's essential not to dismiss the challenges they faced. Many ships never made it, ending up as underwater prisons for their treasures.
However, thanks to modern technology, it is now available for us to study these culture relics. They serve as a glimpse into the lives of those who once sailed the seas. So, let's dive deep into the shelves of history together!
However, thanks to modern technology, it is now available for us to study these culture relics. They serve as a glimpse into the lives of those who once sailed the seas. So, let's dive deep into the shelves of history together!
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
人物的外貌、外形
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.fat adj.胖的
2．young adj.年轻的
3．beautiful adj.美丽的
4．handsome adj.英俊的
5．ugly adj.丑陋的
6．strong adj.强壮的
7．weak adj.虚弱的
8．pale adj.苍白的
词块 1.long black hair 长长的黑发
2．big blue eyes 大大的蓝眼睛
3．a small round face 小小的圆脸
4．white clean teeth 洁白干净的牙齿
5．deep dark eyes 深邃的黑眼睛
6．strong wide shoulders 宽阔有力的肩膀
7．a slim but strong body 瘦削而强壮的身体
8．a thick moustache and long white hair 胡须浓密，头发又长又白
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．尽管这位厨师身材有些胖，但他做的菜总是让顾客赞不绝口。(fat)
Although the chef was somewhat fat, his cooking always received endless praise from customers.
2．这位年轻的舞蹈演员以其在舞台上的优雅舞姿而闻名。(young)
The young dancer was famous for her graceful and elegant performances on stage.
was somewhat fat,
The young dancer was famous for
3．新来的英语老师不仅美丽动人，而且专业知识渊博。(beautiful)
The new English teacher was not only beautiful but also highly knowledgeable in her field.
4．那位英俊的消防员勇敢地冲进燃烧的建筑物救被困的居民。(handsome)
The handsome firefighter bravely rushed into the burning building to rescue the trapped residents.
5．生病后，她的脸色变得苍白，需要好好休息才能恢复。(pale)
After falling ill, her face became pale and she needed a good rest to recover.
not only beautiful but also highly
The handsome firefighter bravely rushed into
her face became pale
knowledgeable
任务2　语段表达
At the school reunion, Sarah still had her 1.long black hair (长长的黑发)flowing down her shoulders. Her friend Emma was easily recognized by her 2.big blue eyes (大大的蓝眼睛)that sparkled with joy. Their former teacher approached with his 3.small round face (小小的圆脸)beaming happily. When he smiled, his 4.white clean teeth (洁白干净的牙齿)made him look younger. The former football captain stood nearby with his 5.strong wide shoulders (宽阔有力的肩膀)still impressive after all these years.
long black hair
big blue eyes
small round face
white clean teeth
strong wide shoulders
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．breadth n. 宽度；广泛
2．load vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量
3．dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
4．insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
5．route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道
6．leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入 vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露 n. 漏洞

A
默写达标
breadth
load
dismiss
insist
route
leak
7．panic n. 惊恐，恐慌 vi. & vt. (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
8．regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
9．shore n. 岸，滨
10．captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长
11．kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围
12．royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的
13．facilitate vt. 使便利，促进
14．available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的
15．prison n. 监狱
16．phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组
panic
regardless
shore
captain
kingdom
royal
facilitate
available
prison
phrase
17．shelf n. (书架等的)架子，搁板
18．contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
19．aboard prep. & adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)
20．uniform n. 制服；队服 adj. 一致的，统一的
21．dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水
22．thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷 n. 雷，雷声
23．meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下
24．navy n. 海军，海军部队
25．sink vi. & vt. 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低
shelf
contrary
aboard
uniform
dive
thunder
meanwhile
navy
sink
26．pray vi. & vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告
27．reform vt. 改进，改良，改革 n. 改革，改良
pray
reform
二、拓展单词通变化
1．harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n. 和谐；融洽
2．proof n. 证据，证明→prove vt. 证明；检验；显示 linking v. 证明是
3．influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n. 影响(力)；有影响力的人或事 vt. 影响
4．financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n. 金融；财政
5．literary adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature n. 文学；文献；著作

harmonious
harmony
proof
prove
influential
influence
financial
finance
literary
literature
6．exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n. 例外
7．adopt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养→adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的→adoption n. 收养；采用
8．comparison n. 比较；对比→compare v. 比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作
9．freeze vi. & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的→frozen adj. 呆住的；冻结的；冷冻的；冻僵的
10．bleed vi. 失血，流血→blood n. 血，血液；血统→bleeding n. 流血，失血
exceptional
exception
adopt
adopted
adoption
comparison
compare
freeze
freezing
frozen
bleed
blood
bleeding
11．memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→memorize vt. 记住，背熟；记忆→memory n. 记性，记忆力；内存，存储器；回忆

memorial
memorize
memory
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．voyage n. 航海，航行，航天 vi. 航行，远行
2．fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
3．compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规
4．tomb n. 坟墓
5．navigate vt. 航行；导航 vi. 导航
6．log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi. & vt. 伐木
7．minister n. 大臣，部长
8．format n. 总体安排，设计；版式
9．subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的

航海，航行，航天
航行，远行
舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
罗盘，指南针；圆规
坟墓
航行；导航
导航
航海日志，正式记录；原木
伐木
大臣，部长
总体安排，设计；版式
随后的，后来的
10．infamy n. 臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶
11．episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集
12．textile n. 纺织品
13．washroom n. 洗手间，厕所
臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶
一段经历，片段；一集
纺织品
洗手间，厕所
四、重点短语明搭配
1．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
2．regardless of 不管，不顾
3．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内
4．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好
5．contrary to 与……相反
6．have an impact on 对……有影响
7．pass on 传递；传下去
8．get in touch with 和……取得联系
9．declare war on/against 对……宣战

on behalf of
regardless of
allow for
sort out
contrary to
have an impact on
pass on
get in touch with
declare war on/against
10．be packed with 有大量……的
11．be loaded with 装载着
12．insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
13．depart from 离开……
14．be in panic 处于惊慌状态
15．be acknowledged as 被认为是
be packed with
be loaded with
insist on doing sth.
depart from
be in panic
be acknowledged as
五、教材佳句会运用
1．其船队有船200余艘，载有近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas，with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene．
2．凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。(who引导限制性定语从句)
Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.

which was a splendid scene
who make great discoveries
3．1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。(with复合结构)，On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen．
4．这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。(that引导表语从句)
The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World．
5．如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。(where引导地点状语从句)
Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
carrying about 90 crewmen
“discovered” the New World
where it sank
with three ships
is that he
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The water froze (结冰)inside the pipe，causing it to expand and burst.
2．To lower the housing price, several effective measures have been adopted (采纳)by the government in the past few years.
3．With his lessons finished for the day, the boy sank (坐下)back in the chair with relief.
B
基础检测
froze
adopted
sank
4．Hannah prayed (祈祷)every night that her husband would survive the war.
5．The terrible scene of the attack, which was hatched (密谋)by Japan and caused great loss, left a deep impression on Louis Russell.

prayed
hatched
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A man with a bleeding (blood)hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around where I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”
2．It is reported that the recent drought has led to more serious water shortage (short)in this region.
3．The blue water indeed took their breath away with its exceptional (exception)beauty.
4．Is there a better way to unload (load)our burden

bleeding
shortage
exceptional
unload
5．Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, was an influential (influence)person globally, one devoted to helping those suffering from poverty.
influential
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The volunteers aim to help victims of disasters regardless of their race or nationality.
2．When arranging our work, we should allow for unforeseen circumstances.
3．She insisted on being present at all the interviews although she was not quite herself.
4．What the government should do is to calm down the public whenever they are in panic．
5．If your diet is loaded with vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans, you'll be getting a lot of fibre.
in panic; insist on; be loaded with; allow for; regardless of
regardless of
allow for
insisted on
in panic
is loaded with
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．令人惊讶的是，这家酒店一次可以容纳1 000人。它过去是一座古老的城堡。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
It is amazing that the hotel, which used to be an old castle, can accommodate 1，000 people at a time.
2．在男孩的带领下，我们最终找到了他的房子。(with复合结构)
We finally found his house, with the boy leading us．
3．他没去上学的原因是他得了重感冒。(that引导表语从句)
The reason why he didn't go to school was that he caught a heavy cold．
which used to be an old castle,
with the boy leading us
that he caught a heavy
cold
4．战后，在曾经是剧院的地方盖起了一幢新校舍。(where引导地点状语从句)
After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre．
where there had once
been a theatre
课时作业
返回
课时作业45
课时作业46
课时作业45
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·湖南邵阳一模)
I was born in a small town in Pakistan called Quetta in 1980. When I was a little boy of about ten years old, I developed an interest in calligraphy. Back then we only had a TV channel with limited programs. One of the programs was about learning calligraphy. I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts in the Urdu language.
After graduation, I came to Dubai, UAE. Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles. So I bought a camera and learned photography, joined photography groups and attended workshops. After few years, I got bored of photographing landscapes and cityscapes.
Seven years ago, while going through the photography blogs and looking through others' works, I read the term called “light painting”， a photography technique that allows you to draw in space. I started experimenting with that and soon it hit me: why not bring back my passion for calligraphy using light painting technique Since that day, I've been drawing light calligraphy. To achieve the best results, I decided to build the lights myself. The best part about my work is that they are not photoshopped. I prefer to get the results straight out of the camera. I don't even turn over the images. To achieve that, I have to write in reverse and that took a lot of practice to get it right.
Currently, I'm working on the idea of bringing abandoned places back to life, including buildings which have lost their charm and are hidden in darkness. Through my photography, I try to employ light calligraphy by writing a word that attaches a deep meaning to those places and telling stories behind them. In this way, I hope people will revisit these places and appreciate the real reason for their construction.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从对书法感兴趣到在迪拜从事光绘书法摄影的经历及其创作理念。
1．What can be implied from the author's experience in Quetta？(　　)
A．He had access to plenty art resources.
B．He was fond of calligraphy channels.
C．He grasped scripts of many languages.
D．He was willing to dig into calligraphy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts in the Urdu language.”可知，作者愿意深入研究书法。故选D项。
D
2．What made the author interested in taking pictures in Dubai？(　　)
A．Visual impacts of structures.
B．Remarkable urban planning.
C．Mysterious building stories.
D．Odd angles of architecture.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles.”可知，建筑物的视觉冲击力激发了作者在迪拜拍照的兴趣。故选A项。
A
3．How did the author enhance the effects of light calligraphy？(　　)
A．By learning from others. B．By sticking to originality.
C．By beautifying his photos. D．By drawing in open space.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“To achieve the best results, I decided to build the lights myself. The best part about my work is that they are not photoshopped. I prefer to get the results straight out of the camera.”可知，作者通过坚持原创性来增强光绘书法的效果。故选B项。
B
4．What is the author's role in practising his current idea？(　　)
A．A writer putting down real thoughts.
B．An educator spreading sound values.
C．An artist regenerating forgotten sites.
D．A historian looking for ignored areas.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Currently, I'm working on the idea…and telling stories behind them.”可知，作者目前的角色是通过光绘书法让被遗忘的遗址重现生机的艺术家。故选C项。
C
B
(2026·东北三省四市联考)
Huang Xuhua, born in 1926 in Guangdong province, is known as the “Father of China's Nuclear Submarines (核潜艇)．” His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China's nuclear submarine program, which played a key role in the country's defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure.
In 1958, Mr Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China's first nuclear submarine project. At that time, China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines, and due to international isolation, the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation. Despite these significant challenges, Mr Huang accepted the mission with determination, driven by the need to safeguard China's maritime sovereignty (主权)and strengthen its strategic defenses. The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine. With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering, Mr Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor, demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills.
After over a decade of hard work, Huang's team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China's first nuclear-powered submarine, the Type 091 (Han-class). This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines. Soon after, they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class)，China's first ballistic missile submarine, which boosted the country's nuclear defense.
Huang's contributions went beyond technology. His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation. Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work, Huang stayed committed to the project, often sacrificing personal comforts for its success. In recognition of his achievements, Huang has received many awards, including the Supreme State Science and Technology Award, China's highest honor for scientific achievements.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黄旭华对中国核潜艇事业的贡献。
5．What was the biggest challenge in developing China's first nuclear submarine？(　　)
A．Funding missile systems.
B.Lacking the necessary technology and resources.
C．Coordinating international cooperation.
D．Designing a compact nuclear reactor to power a submarine.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.”可知，开发中国第一艘核潜艇最大的挑战是设计一个紧凑型核反应堆为潜艇提供动力。故选D项。
D
6．What is the primary purpose of paragraph 3？(　　)
A．To compare the functions of Type 091 and Type 092 submarines.
B．To emphasize the global popularity of Chinese submarine technology.
C．To showcase the technological achievements and their strategic impact.
D．To list the names and launch dates of China's early nuclear submarines.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，本段主要讲述了中国在核潜艇技术方面取得的成就及其战略意义。故选C项。
C
7．Which of the following can best describe Huang Xuhua？(　　)
A．Innovative and patriotic.
B．Talented and courageous.
C．Modest and cooperative.
D．Hard-working and adventurous.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Despite these significant challenges…strengthen its strategic defenses.”以及“With limited expertise…his creativity and leadership skills.”可推知，黄旭华具有创新精神和爱国精神。故选A项。
A
8．Where would you most likely read this passage？(　　)
A．A fictional novel. B．A travel guide.
C．A biography. D．An advertisement.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平及其对中国核潜艇事业的贡献，因此文章最有可能出现在人物传记中。故选C项。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·浙江强基联盟模拟)
One afternoon in Sierra Leone's Bombali District, my jeep passed fields where children harvested crops. __1__， I approached a tall, thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun.
“Shouldn't you be in class？” I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, __2__ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve. “The school building __3__ after the rains，” he explained. “Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.”
His words revealed Sierra Leone's contradiction in __5__. While the government __6__ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs. About 32% of children here still __7__ primary school—though down from 62% a decade ago.
“Last month，” Issa __8__， “they gave us textbooks，” making a __9__ to his barefoot sisters.“But no shoes means no school.” Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw __10__ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching __11__ villages.
National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million since __12__ began. Girls' attendance jumped by 37%, with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school due to __13__.
As I left, Issa's sisters in tire-sandals (凉鞋)were __14__ a book bicycle. Their laughter showed the __15__ of Sierra Leone's education change: every child's right to learn.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者在塞拉利昂的Bombali地区遇到一位在田间劳作的少年Issa，通过对话了解到当地教育存在的矛盾：尽管政府取消了学费并新建了许多学校，但许多学校仍需维修，部分儿童仍无法正常上学。作者随后在联合国儿童基金会中心看到了解决问题的实际措施，并见证了教育改革带来的积极变化。
One afternoon in Sierra Leone's Bombali District, my jeep passed fields where children harvested crops. __1__， I approached a tall, thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun.
1．(　　)A.Worried　 　 　　 B．Angry
C．Excited D．Curious
解析：句意：我好奇地走近一个在烈日高照下努力干活的高瘦少年。A.Worried担心的；B.Angry生气的；C.Excited兴奋的；D.Curious好奇的。根据后文作者注意到少年耳朵后的铅笔，以及后文直接询问“‘Shouldn't you be in class？’ I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear.”可知，作者是出于好奇才走近少年。故选D项。
答案分析
D
“Shouldn't you be in class？” I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, __2__ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve.
2．(　　)A.wiped B．wrapped
C．covered D．patted
解析：句意：16岁的Issa用破旧的袖子擦了擦额头。A.wiped擦拭；B.wrapped包裹；C.covered覆盖；D.patted轻拍。根据前文“thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun”可知，少年在烈日下干活，出汗后用袖子擦额头是合理动作。故选A项。
A
“The school building __3__ after the rains，” he explained.
3．(　　)A.leaked B．collapsed
C．sank D．cracked
解析：句意：他解释说：“雨水之后校舍倒塌了。” A．leaked泄漏；B.collapsed倒塌；C.sank下沉；D.cracked破裂。根据后文“‘Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.’”可知，校舍没有墙壁，说明建筑结构已损坏，“倒塌”符合语境。故选B项。
B
“Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.”
4．(　　)A.playing B．arguing
C．sleeping D．studying
解析：句意：没有墙壁，老师来的时候我们就轮流在芒果树下学习。A.playing玩耍；B.arguing争论；C.sleeping睡觉；D.studying学习。根据前文“‘Shouldn't you be in class？’ I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, __2__ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve.”可知，这里讨论的是上学相关的问题，因此“学习”最符合语境。故选D项。
D
His words revealed Sierra Leone's contradiction in __5__.
5．(　　)A.economy B．welfare
C．education D．agriculture
解析：句意：他的话揭示了塞拉利昂在教育方面的矛盾。A.economy经济；B.welfare福利；C.education教育；D.agriculture农业。根据前文“Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.”以及全文可知，围绕少年无法正常上学展开，讨论的是教育问题。故选C项。
C
While the government __6__ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs.
6．(　　)A.ended B．doubled
C．delayed D．calculated
解析：句意：虽然政府在2018年取消了学费并新建了数百所学校，但许多学校仍需维修。A.ended结束；B.doubled翻倍；C.delayed延迟；D.calculated计算。根据后文“built hundreds of new schools”可知，政府采取了积极措施，取消学费是其中之一。故选A项。
A
About 32% of children here still __7__ primary school—though down from 62% a decade ago.
7．(　　)A.miss B．skip
C．finish D．hate
解析：句意：这里大约32%的儿童仍然错过小学教育——尽管比十年前的62%有所下降。A.miss错过；B.skip跳过；C.finish完成；D.hate讨厌。根据前文“About 32% of children here still”以及后文“though down from 62% a decade ago”，许多儿童无法正常上学，因此“错过”教育最符合语境。故选A项。
A
“Last month，” Issa __8__， “they gave us textbooks，” making a __9__ to his barefoot sisters.
8．(　　)A.apologized B．continued
C．whispered D．committed
解析：句意：Issa继续说道：“上个月，他们给了我们课本”，并向他赤脚的姐妹们做了一个手势。A.apologized道歉；B.continued继续；C.whispered低语；D.committed承诺。根据后文“‘they gave us textbooks，’ making a __9__ to his barefoot sisters.‘But no shoes means no school.’”可知，Issa在接着前面的话进一步说明情况，因此“继续”符合语境。故选B项。
B
“Last month，” Issa __8__， “they gave us textbooks，” making a __9__ to his barefoot sisters.
9．(　　)A.promise B．speech
C．change D．gesture
解析：句意同上。A.promise承诺；B.speech演讲；C.change改变；D.gesture手势。根据后文“to his barefoot sisters”可知，他做了一个动作(比如指向或示意)，因此“手势”最合理。故选D项。
D
“But no shoes means no school.” Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw __10__ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching __11__ villages.
10．(　　)A.problems B．solutions
C．debates D．failures
解析：句意：后来，在联合国儿童基金会的一个中心，我看到了实际行动的解决方案：太阳能灯、共享笔记本、到达偏远村庄的移动图书馆。A.problems问题；B.solutions解决方案；C.debates辩论；D.failures失败。根据后文“solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching __11__ villages”列举的具体措施都是解决教育问题的方案。故选B项。
B
“But no shoes means no school.” Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw __10__ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching __11__ villages.
11．(　　)A.wealthy B．crowded
C．remote D．dangerous
解析：句意同上。A.wealthy富裕的；B.crowded拥挤的；C.remote偏远的；D.dangerous危险的。根据前文“Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw __10__ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks”可知，移动图书馆的目的是覆盖难以到达的地区，因此“偏远”最符合语境。故选C项。
C
National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million since __12__ began.
12．(　　)A.challenges B．reforms
C．meetings D．researches
解析：句意：自从改革开始以来，国家入学人数从120万增加到210万。A.challenges挑战；B.reforms改革；C.meetings会议；D.researches研究。前文“While the government __6__ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs.”提到政府取消学费、新建学校，和前文“National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million”提到入学人数上升，这些都是教育改革的结果。故选B项。
B
Girls' attendance jumped by 37%, with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school due to __13__.
13．(　　)A.boredom B．conflicts
C．diseases D．poverty
解析：句意：女孩入学率增长了37%，免费午餐等项目帮助阻止了因贫困而辍学的孩子。A.boredom无聊；B.conflicts冲突；C.diseases疾病；D.poverty贫困。根据前文“with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school”可知，免费午餐是针对经济困难学生的支持措施，因此“贫困”是辍学的主要原因。故选D项。
D
As I left, Issa's sisters in tire-sandals (凉鞋)were __14__ a book bicycle.
14．(　　)A.fixing up B．looking for
C．running after D．getting on
解析：句意：当我离开时，Issa穿着轮胎凉鞋的姐妹们正在追逐一辆图书自行车。A.fixing up修理；B.looking for寻找；C.running after追逐；D.getting on上车。根据后文“Their laughter showed the __15__ of Sierra Leone's education change: every child's right to learn.”可知，孩子们是开心地追逐图书自行车，因此“追逐”最符合场景。故选C项。
C
Their laughter showed the __15__ of Sierra Leone's education change: every child's right to learn.
15．(　　)A.truth B．hope
C．secret D．success
解析：句意：他们的笑声展现了塞拉利昂教育变革的希望——每个孩子学习的权利。A.truth真相；B.hope希望；C.secret秘密；D.success成功。根据后文“every child's right to learn”以及全文可知，变革体现了教育条件改善的积极趋势，但仍有挑战，因此“希望”最能概括这种变革的本质。故选B项。
B
课时作业46
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·广东湛江二模)
There are decisions we take on instinct, without even realising we are taking them.
Two years ago, I left Germany to do volunteering work. I had a couple of disappointing experiences and a boring job in front of me. It was time to go. I found an interesting contact in a small village in Portugal. In exchange for room and board, I would be working with animals in a residence that hosted families with disabled people. And there I went, with just a backpack I was ready to jump into a new adventure.
There, I cared for the pets living next to the residents, cleaning their yard, preparing food and caring for them. Within a month I was in charge of all the other volunteers and the organization of the daily work. After 5 months, I left again and moved to Catalonia, in Spain, to live with an Irish family. They offered a roof and food on the passage of their house for abandoned animals I helped care for.
During both experiences, I had the chance to discover beautiful little towns and lovely villages. In Portugal, I walked on the coastline and explored those little towns on the top of the dry hills. In Spain I visited Barcelona multiple times, discovering little by little all its corners. Sometimes, my volunteering experience was complicated. I didn't speak any Portuguese and only a bit of Spanish. But life out there was simple. It was so different from what I used to call “home” before! Going back to previous habits took me time.
If you're wondering if an international volunteering year gap is worth it, despite the uncertain future and the social pressure, I say: go for it. Believe me, in various ways, you will be sure to return transformed, perhaps even improved to a superior version of your former self. With a bit of luck, you may also discover a new career path.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者离开德国去葡萄牙和西班牙做志愿者的经历。作者在不同的地方照顾动物、探索当地的城镇和村庄，虽然遇到了语言障碍等问题，但这段经历让作者体验到了简单的生活，也使作者发生了改变。作者认为国际志愿者间隔年是值得的，它是一段自我发现的旅程。
1．Why did the author choose to leave Germany to do volunteering work？(　　)
A．To make a change.
B．To gain living skills.
C．To broaden his horizons.
D．To add working experience.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Two years ago, I left Germany to do volunteering work. I had a couple of disappointing experiences and a boring job in front of me. It was time to go.”可知，作者选择离开德国去做志愿者工作是为了做出改变。
A
2．What did the author mainly do during his trip？(　　)
A．Ran an organization.
B．Attended to animals.
C．Took care of the disabled.
D．Prepared food for volunteers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In exchange for room and board, I would be working with animals in a residence that hosted families with disabled people.”以及第三段 “They offered a roof and food on the passage of their house for abandoned animals I helped care for.”可知，作者在旅行期间主要做的是照顾动物。
B
3．Which of the following can best describe the author's trip？(　　)
A．Simple. B．Romantic.
C．Adventurous. D．Rewarding.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“During both experiences, I had the chance to discover beautiful little towns and lovely villages.”以及最后一段 “Believe me, in various ways, you will be sure to return transformed, perhaps even improved to a superior version of your former self. With a bit of luck, you may also discover a new career path.”可知，作者的这次旅行是有回报的。
D
4．Which of the following can be the best title？(　　)
A．Instinct, a key step for new career
B．Backpacking, a jump to a new adventure
C．Gap year, an escape from the reality
D．Volunteering, a journey of self-discovery
D
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者离开德国去葡萄牙和西班牙做志愿者的经历。作者在不同的地方照顾动物、探索当地的城镇和村庄，虽然遇到了语言障碍等问题，但这段经历让作者体验到了简单的生活，也使作者发生了改变。作者认为国际志愿者间隔年是值得的，它是一段自我发现的旅程。结合最后一段“If you're wondering if an international volunteering year gap is worth it...you may also discover a new career path.”可知，D项“志愿服务，一段自我发现的旅程”最适合作为文章标题。
B
(2025·安徽合肥质检)
When thinking of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)doctors，one might picture an elderly man with a long beard sitting in front of a medicine chest. However, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing, challenges that traditional image. Played by a 27-year-old actor, the physician is a professional TCM specialist with a gentle personality, but outside of work, he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors.
The drama follows the female lead, a hotel manager suffering from frequent headaches and trouble sleeping. In her search for a cure, she meets the physician, and their relationship deepens through medical consultations. To play a genuine TCM practitioner, the actor studied Chinese medicine with practising physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的)and treatment methods. This process helped him gain a deeper appreciation for TCM's integrated philosophy, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body, mind, and environment, viewing health as a balance between these elements.
The drama creatively integrates TCM knowledge by naming each episode after a type of Chinese herbal medicine, connecting TCM's healing methods to the storyline. For example, in one episode, the physician performs “wet cupping” to treat a breathing emergency, showcasing TCM's role in critical care.
The drama particularly appeals to young viewers. With the growing integration of TCM and Western medicine, as well as expanding international exchanges, TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities. For instance, acupuncture (针灸)is now covered in health insurance plans in many countries. The actor believes that passion is the driving force behind a successful career—just like his character, the physician, who remains committed to his path in TCM despite numerous challenges, including initial opposition from his father. The actor hopes to introduce TCM to a global audience，especially young generations, through the drama's release on international platforms.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电视剧《爱你》通过年轻中医形象，向全球推广现代中医文化。
5．What do we know about the physician (　　)
A．He challenges the principles of TCM.
B．He is an actor starring in a TV drama.
C．He presents a distinct image of a TCM doctor.
D.He has the same hobbies as other TCM doctors.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“However, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing，challenges that traditional image.”以及“the physician…he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors”可知，这位医生年轻，有才华，他有着年轻人特色的爱好，改变了人们对中医医生的传统印象。故选C项。
C
6．Why did the actor learn TCM techniques (　　)
A．To prepare for the role.
B．To treat his own illnesses.
C．To become a practising physician.
D．To appreciate TCM's philosophy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“To play a genuine TCM practitioner, the actor studied Chinese medicine with practising physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的)and treatment methods.”可知，这名演员和执业医师一起学习中医，学习传统的诊断和治疗方法，是为饰演角色做准备。故选A项。
A
7．What is the author's purpose in mentioning acupuncture (　　)
A.To explain the diverse changes in future careers.
B．To demonstrate TCM's international recognition.
C.To show the drama's popularity among young viewers.
D.To emphasize TCM's advantages over Western medicine.
解析：写作目的题。根据第四段的“With the growing integration of TCM…TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities.”以及下文针灸的例子可知，作者提到针灸现在在许多国家被纳入健康保险计划，是在举例说明随着中西医的融合和国际交流的扩大，中医从业者和学生有了更多样化的职业机会，其目的是展示中医在国际上得到了认可。故选B项。
B
8．What can be a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．A Traditional Approach to TCM
B．A New Vision for TCM's Future
C．Exploring the Ancient Roots of TCM
D．Redefining TCM for a Global Audience
解析：主旨大意题。文章开篇对比传统中医医生形象与电视剧中医生的形象，引入演员为演好角色学习中医，且在中西医结合、国际交流背景下，他希望借助该剧向全球推广中医。D项“为全球观众重新定义中医”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
D
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2026·T8联考)
After 20 years of teaching，I thought I'd heard every excuse from students trying to get a better grade.But recently I heard a new complaint：“My grade doesn't reflect the effort I put into this course.” 1(____)In the past，students understood it and they knew “A” required great work.Yet today，Generation Z expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.In surveys，two-thirds of college students say that“trying hard”should be a factor in their grades.
2(____)It's the result of a misunderstanding about one popular educational theory. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort helps form a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. 3(____)We've gone from praising effort to treating it as an end in itself. We've failed to remind them that working hard doesn't guarantee doing a good job.There's a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest，not the ones who train the hardest.What counts is not mere effort but the progress and result.
The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn't rewarded. 4(____)Trying harder isn't always the answer.Sometimes it's working smarter，and other times，it's working on something else altogether.Devotion is just one of the many contributing factors to achievement.Ability，opportunity and luck count，too.
Now in my classes，students are assessed on the quality of their written essays，class participation，group presentations and final papers or exams.I make it clear that “A” is not granted for effort itself；it is earned through mastery of knowledge.The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. 5(____)
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章从一位教师的视角，讨论了当前学生中普遍存在的一种观念：认为成绩应反映所付出的努力量，而非知识掌握的质量。作者分析了这种观念源于对教育理论的误解，指出过度奖励努力本身可能带来弊端，并强调学习成果应以获得的知识和技能为衡量标准。
After 20 years of teaching，I thought I'd heard every excuse from students trying to get a better grade.But recently I heard a new complaint：“My grade doesn't reflect the effort I put into this course.” 1(____)In the past，students understood it and they knew “A” required great work.Yet today，Generation Z expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.In surveys，two-thirds of college students say that“trying hard”should be a factor in their grades.
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
答案分析
F
解析：上文提到学生抱怨“成绩不能反映我投入的努力”，下文提到“过去学生明白这一道理，知道获得A需要付出巨大努力，而现在Z世代期待因付出的努力量而非知识掌握的质量而获得奖励”。F项“高分是给优秀表现的，而非给坚持的”既回应了上文的“抱怨”，又引出了下文对“努力与成绩的关系”的讨论，起到承上启下的作用。
2(____)It's the result of a misunderstanding about one popular educational theory. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort helps form a strong work ethic and reinforces learning.
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
C
解析：空处位于段首，是本段主旨句。下文主要说明这种现象源于对一种流行教育理论的误解，并指出心理学研究原本支持“奖励努力有助于形成良好的工作道德并强化学习”。C项“这不是Z世代的错”概括了段落核心——问题的根源不在于Z世代自身，而在于教育实践对理论的曲解，引出下文，符合语境。
3(____)We've gone from praising effort to treating it as an end in itself. We've failed to remind them that working hard doesn't guarantee doing a good job.There's a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest，not the ones who train the hardest.What counts is not mere effort but the progress and result.
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
G
解析：前文提到心理学研究支持奖励努力，后文则指出“我们从表扬努力转变为把努力本身当作目的”。G项“但我们过度表扬勤奋了”在二者之间形成转折，说明问题在于“过度”，承上启下，符合语境。
The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn't rewarded. 4(____)Trying harder isn't always the answer.Sometimes it's working smarter，and other times，it's working on something else altogether.Devotion is just one of the many contributing factors to achievement.Ability，opportunity and luck count，too.
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
B
解析：前文指出“对失望成绩的理想回应不是抱怨勤奋未获奖励”，后文则提出“更努力并非总是答案，有时需更聪明地工作”。B项“而是去问如何改进”承接前文，并自然引出后文的解决方案，符合语境。
Now in my classes，students are assessed on the quality of their written essays，class participation，group presentations and final papers or exams.I make it clear that “A” is not granted for effort itself；it is earned through mastery of knowledge.The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. 5(____)
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
E
解析：前文明确说明评分依据是作业质量、课堂参与等，并强调“A”是通过掌握知识赢得的，而非奖励努力本身。学习的真正衡量标准不是你投入的时间和精力。E项“而是你获得的知识和技能”承接前文，有力收束全文观点，符合语境。选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　Back to the past
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Zheng He's Maritime Expeditions：A Tale of Exploration and Diplomacy
In the early 15th century, the 1.breadth (n. 宽度)of the oceans was a mystery to many. However, under the 2.royal (adj. 皇家的)order of the Ming Dynasty, an 3.exceptional (adj. 杰出的，优秀的)4.captain (n. 船长)named Zheng He was tasked with an 5.influential (adj. 有很大影响力的)mission of exploration. With a 6.load (n. 大量)of treasures 7.aboard (prep. 在船上)his massive fleet, he set out on a 8.route (n. 路途). His 9.log (n. 航海日志)was filled with tales of 10.harmony (n. 和谐)with foreign kingdoms and the output of trade, including 11.cloth (n. 布料)and spices.
The ships were 12.uniform (adj. 统一的)in design. 13.Meanwhile (adv. 同时)，as they sailed, the crew would often 14.dive (vi. 俯冲)into the water to catch fresh fish, with 15.eagles (n. 雕)soaring above. But there were some challenges in the journey. Storms would 16.thunder (vi. 轰隆隆地响)，causing chaos and making the water 17.leak (vi. 漏，渗漏)into the ships. Yet, Zheng He would insist on moving forward, even when the water was 18.contrary (adj. 相反的)to their path.
On one occasion, a 19.plot (n. 阴谋)was 20.hatched (vt. 密谋)by pirates to 21.drag (vt. 拖，拉)the fleet into a trap. But with Zheng He's leadership and the discipline of his crew, they managed to 22.shift (v. 改变)their course, avoiding the sinking sands and potential 23.prison (n. 监狱，牢笼)of the pirates. They even managed to 24.reform (vt. 使改过自新)some of the pirates.
In every port, the fleet was met with awe. The 25.available (adj. 可用的)goods were exchanged, and cultures were shared. The 26.phrase (n.习语)“Zheng He has arrived” became synonymous with prosperity.
1 convince vt. 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We finally convinced them of our innocence.
②We've been trying to convince him to give (give)up the plan.
③(2024·浙江1月卷)She had doubted herself at the beginning, convincing (convince)herself that she would finish last.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④她确信自己做出了正确的决定，并决心将其进行到底。
She was convinced that she had made the right decision, and was determined to see it through to the end. (读后续写之心理描写)
⑤我确信你喜欢剪纸，所以我想邀请你来参观展览。
Convinced that you like paper-cutting, I'd like to invite you to visit the exhibition. (应用文写作之邀请信)
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that… 使某人相信 (2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的 be convinced of 坚信；确信 be convinced that…确信…… (3)convincing adj. 令人信服的
[写作佳句]　He tried to convince her of the error of her ways, but she was too stubborn to listen. (读后续写之人物描写)
他试图使她相信她的方法是错误的，但她太固执了，听不进去。
2 acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He refused to acknowledge being defeated (defeat)in the match, but in vain.
②The “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③(2025·全国二卷)It is widely acknowledged (acknowledge)that your insights are very popular among our student readers, so we are all eagerly anticipating this piece.
④(2023·全国甲卷)Confucius is acknowledged to be (be)one of the greatest ancient educators in China，who greatly influenced China throughout the history.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我承认我犯了一个错误，并对由此造成的任何不便表示诚挚的歉意。
I acknowledge that I made a mistake and I am truly sorry for any inconvenience this may have caused. (应用文写作之道歉信)
acknowledge…to be/as… 承认……是/为…… be acknowledged as 被认为是 acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事 It is generally/widely/universally acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为…… in acknowledgement of 对……表示感谢
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I acknowledged Gunter from the bottom of my heart，without whom I couldn't have made it to the bus station.Consequently，I would buy him an exquisite gift in acknowledgement of his selfless assistance.
我从心底里感谢甘特，没有他，我不可能到达汽车站。所以我会给他买一份精美的礼物，以感谢他的无私帮助。
3 insist vi. & vt. 坚持说；坚持，坚决要求
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①John still insisted that he heard (hear)somebody in the house.
②I insist that immediate action (should)be taken (take)to solve the problem.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③考虑到他糟糕的健康状况，医生坚持要他在回去工作之前好好休息一下。
→Considering his poor health, the doctor insisted on his taking a good rest before going back to work. (insist on)
→Considering his poor health, the doctor insisted that he (should)take a good rest before going back to work. (虚拟语气)
(1)insist on (doing)sth. 坚决要求(做)某事 insist that…坚决要求……；坚持说…… (2)当insist意为“坚持说”时，后面的宾语从句用陈述语气；当insist意为“坚决要求”时，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
[写作佳句]　(2025·浙江1月卷)I strongly insist that we should establish clear guidelines about filming videos on campus to protect everyone's rights.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
我强烈坚持认为我们应该建立关于在校园拍摄视频的明确指导方针以保护每个人的权利。
4 panic n. 恐慌；惊慌 vi. & vt. (panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Tom panicked at the sound of thunder and his wife also got into a panic.
②The ship leaked badly，which panicked some men on board into diving into the water.
③(2025·全国一卷)For a moment, I panicked over/about/at how to face my brother after our argument, my heart racing.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④马克冲进车里，砰地关上车门，惊恐地浑身发抖。
Mac rushed into the car, slammed the door and trembled all over in panic. (读后续写之动作描写)
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 (2)panic at/over/about 因……而恐慌 panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人仓皇行事
[写作佳句]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)What amazed me more was that he fully enjoyed his running without any panic/without getting panicked, winning storms of cheers and applause.(心理描写)
更让我惊叹的是，他完全享受他的赛跑，没有感到丝毫的恐慌，并赢得了暴风雨般的欢呼和掌声。
5 regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Regardless of the fact that they lacked cooking experience，the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.
②The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless (不加理会)．
③Cycling, along with swimming and jogging, is regarded as (被认为)one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④在这方面，我想邀请您参加我们新办公室的开幕仪式，在仪式中我们将展示我们最新的产品和服务。
In this regard, I would like to extend an invitation to you to attend the opening ceremony of our new office, where we will be showcasing our latest products and services. (应用文写作之邀请信)
(1)regardless of 不管，不顾 (2)regard vt. 把……视为；看待 n. 注意；关注；尊重 regard…as… 把……看作…… in this regard 在这方面 in/with regard to 关于；至于 (3)in spite of＝despite 尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
[写作佳句]　They would talk to me in regard to my application for the post of assistant editor.(应用文写作之告知信)
他们将就我申请助理编辑职位一事与我谈谈。
6 astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I was quite astonished to find (find)that my attempt to catch the last bus ended in failure and I was at a loss，uncertain about what to do next.
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing (astonish)potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI－powered future.
③(2025·浙江1月卷)To everyone's astonishment (astonish)，there it was—an old watch, just as the man had described.
④It astonished us greatly that he should have failed the exam, especially as he had always been so diligent and hard-working.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤(2024·天津3月卷)你对科技在中国带来的巨大变化感到惊讶是很正常的。
It is normal for you to be astonished at/by the significant changes brought about by technology in China.
⑥看着丈夫抱着一束花，她呆住了，惊讶地张大了嘴。
Seeing her husband holding a bunch of flowers，she froze，her mouth dropping open in astonishment.
(1)It astonishes (astonished)sb. that… 令某人感到吃惊的是…… (2)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be astonished at/by 对……感到惊讶(3)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (4)astonishment n. 惊讶，惊奇 in astonishment 惊讶地 to one's astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
[写作佳句]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)When I pushed the door open, I was astonished to find he was reading my essay.(动作描写)
当我推开门时，我惊讶地发现他正在读我的文章。
7 adopt vt. 收养，领养；采用，采纳
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①She has always treated her adopted (adopt)son as if he were her own biological child.
②Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt)services for homeless animals.
③What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting (adopt)different ways of living in early adulthood.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我希望你能采纳这些建议，这将帮助你提高你的英语水平。
I hope you can adopt these suggestions, which will help you improve your English. (应用文写作之建议信)
(1)adopt an approach/a policy… 采用某方法/政策…… adopt sb. as sth. 过继；收养；选定某人为…… (2)adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的 adoption n. 收养；采纳，采用
[名师指津]　adapt v. 适应；调整，使适合；改编
[写作佳句]　I would like to adopt an approach that combines both traditional methods and modern technology. (应用文写作之介绍信)
我想采用一种将传统方法和现代技术相结合的方法。
8 pass on 传递；传下去
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①If we always wait for another day, fruitlessly our life will pass away．
②Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it.
③She suffered from a disease that caused her to pass out at school.
④He was passed over in favour of a younger man.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤他必须通过一系列严格的安全检查才能获准进入禁区。
He had to pass through a series of rigorous security checks before he was allowed to enter the restricted area. (读后续写之情节介绍)
pass away (婉辞)亡故；消失，消逝 pass by (sb./sth.)经过(某人/某物) pass sth. on to sb.转交某物给某人 pass out 昏迷，失去知觉 pass sb. over (考虑提升时)跳过某人 pass over sth. 避免提及/考虑某事 pass through 经过，路过
[写作佳句]　Birds were chattering somewhere, and occasionally he could hear a vehicle pass by. (读后续写之环境描写)
鸟儿们在某处啁啾，偶尔他能听到一辆汽车经过。
9 句型公式：with复合结构
(教材原句)On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen．
1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me，with his head buried (bury)in his arms.
②(2024·浙江1月卷)Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding (pound)and legs shaking (shake)．
③With lots of difficult problems to settle (settle)，the boss has no time to go on holiday.
④He was asleep with the window open (开着窗户)．
⑤Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms (怀里抱着孩子)
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥看到孩子们为她做的早餐，母亲既高兴又感动，泪水涌出了眼眶。
At the sight of the breakfast her children made for her, the mother felt happy and moved with tears welling up in her eyes. (读后续写之情感、动作描写)
⑦他用唯一的武器——一把枪，与敌人作战。
He fought against the enemy with a gun his only weapon. (读后续写之动作描写)
with复合结构指的是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，在句中可作定语或状语。作状语时，常表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。 with复合结构有以下几种形式： with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 with＋名词/代词＋名词 with＋宾语＋过去分词(宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生) with＋宾语＋现在分词(宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或动作正在进行) with＋宾语＋ to do(不定式表示动作尚未发生)
[名师指津]　with复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节。①在句中作状语，表示条件、原因、时间、方式或伴随情况等，可以和相应的状语从句转换。②用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。
10 句型公式：where引导地点状语从句
(教材原句)Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还在当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Given my physical health, the doctor convinced me to live where the air is fresher.
②Given my physical health, the doctor convinced me to live in the place where the air is fresher.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③我们应该对生活采取积极的态度，所以我们要勇敢地从跌倒之处站起来。
We should adopt a positive attitude towards life so we should stand up bravely where we fall down. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
(1)地点状语从句在句子中作状语，表示地点，主要由where，wherever 等引导。 (2)where引导地点状语从句，意为“在/到……的地方、位置”；wherever意为“无论何地”。
[名师指津]　注意区别where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句：where作为关系副词引导定语从句时，where代替先行词在从句中作状语，而where作为连词引导的地点状语从句中，where不作任何成分。
[查漏补缺]
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East，and the charity has been given financial (finance)support to roll it out countrywide.
2．These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team.
3．(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen (strength)the connection with young people，the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Not only do they enhance our travel experience, but they also have a profound impact on the economic environment and social development.
5．You could get in touch with them immediately if there's anything suspicious happening next door.
6．The Nature Conservancy has declared war on a multitude of invasive species here, from sheep to plants to the aggressive Argentine ant.
7．He delivered a speech on behalf of all the graduates on graduation day.
8．Vitamin K is routinely given in the first week of life to prevent bleeding (bleed)．
9．Yesterday was a day off for everybody, with the exception (except)of Lorenzo.
10．It was the seventeenth century before Newton determined the freezing (freeze)point of water.
1.exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n. 例外 2．have an impact on 对……有影响 3．freeze vi. & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的 4．finance n. 财政；资金→financial adj. 财政的，金融的 5．bleed vi. 失血，流血→bleeding n. 流血，失血 6．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内 7．get in touch with 和……取得联系 8．strength n. 体力，力量→strengthen v. 加强，加固 9．deliver a speech 发表演讲 10．declare war on 对……宣战
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It is acknowledged that practising oral English is an effective way to learn English.
2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The fresh air and warm sunshine made the whole experience delightful. It felt amazing to combine art with nature in such a harmonious (harmony)way.
3.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the appearance of a real beggar and his convincing (convince)dialect soon won him the trust of the beggars.
4．Though the trip to the memorial (memory)was over, it left a permanent memory on me.
5．To my astonishment, my classmate, Johnson, ran 100m in an astonishing (astonish)10.9 seconds.
6．(2024·全国甲卷)My childhood is quite happy compared (compare)with hers.
7．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary (literature)form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
8．(2021·浙江1月卷)On behalf of our school，I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting.
9．Contrary to common belief, taking a walk immediately after a meal doesn't necessarily do good to our health.
10．If a school doesn't have any rules to manage its students, the whole school will be in chaos.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．dismiss
A.vt. 去除，消除　B．vt. 解雇　C．vt. 解散　D．vt. 不予受理　E．vt. 否认
(1)If you are late again，you will be dismissed．B
(2)At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed．C
(3)We should dismiss all thoughts of revenge from our mind.A
(4)They were quick to dismiss rumors of an offscreen romance.E
(5)The case was dismissed owing to lack of evidence.D
2．available
A.adj. 可获得的　B．adj. 有效的　C．adj. 有空的
(1)If you are available this afternoon, let's go shopping together.C
(2)(2025·浙江1月卷)Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders.A
(3)The round trip ticket is available for two months.B
3．pack
A.n. 包裹，背包　B．n. 纸包，纸盒　C．n. 一群　D．v. 把……打包；把……装进(箱子)E．v. 塞满，挤满
(1)Two thousand students who came to attend the lecture packed the school hall.E
(2)The workers packed the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”．D
(3)It is a shy animal which hunts at night, alone or in small packs．C
(4)We saw many climbers carrying some food and drinks in their packs on their back.A
(5)The boy planned to buy his father a pack of tea as a birthday gift using his change.B
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of everyone who helped us.v. (公开)感谢
点拨：acknowledge (熟义)v. 承认，认可。此处意为“(公开)感谢”。
(2)The little girl who stayed at home alone froze with terror as the door slowly opened.v. 停住不动，惊呆
点拨：freeze (熟义)v. 冻结，冻住。此处意为“停住不动，惊呆”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是学生会主席李华，你需要给你校国际部的学生做一个航海考古主题的英文演讲，请你写一篇演讲稿。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①今天，我想带大家在迷人的海洋考古世界中遨游。
Today, I'd like to take you on a voyage through the fascinating world of maritime archaeology.
②在我们的旅程中，我们会发现船长们曾经是如何不顾危险坚持走特定的路线来促进贸易的。
In our journey, we'll discover how captains once insisted on specific routes to facilitate trade, regardless of the danger．
③不要忽视他们所面临的挑战，这是至关重要的。
It's essential not to dismiss the challenges they faced．
④许多船只都没能到达目的地，最后成了财宝的水下牢笼。
Many ships never made it and ended up as underwater prisons for their treasures．
⑤然而，由于现代技术，这些文物现在可供我们研究。
However, thanks to modern technology, these culture relics are now available for us to study．
⑥它们让我们得以一窥那些曾经在海上航行的人的生活。
They serve as a glimpse into the lives of those who once sailed the seas．
Step 2句式升级
⑦将句④升级为非谓语动词作伴随状语
Many ships never made it, ending up as underwater prisons for their treasures.
⑧将句⑤改成It作形式主语
However, thanks to modern technology, it is now available for us to study these culture relics.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
The Marvels of Maritime Archaeology
Hello, everyone! I'm Li Hua, your student council president. Today, I'd like to take you on a voyage through the fascinating world of maritime archaeology.
In our journey, we'll discover how captains once insisted on specific routes to facilitate trade, regardless of the danger. It's essential not to dismiss the challenges they faced. Many ships never made it, ending up as underwater prisons for their treasures.
However, thanks to modern technology, it is now available for us to study these culture relics. They serve as a glimpse into the lives of those who once sailed the seas. So, let's dive deep into the shelves of history together!
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
人物的外貌、外形
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.fat adj.胖的 2．young adj.年轻的 3．beautiful adj.美丽的 4．handsome adj.英俊的 5．ugly adj.丑陋的 6．strong adj.强壮的 7．weak adj.虚弱的 8．pale adj.苍白的
词块 1.long black hair 长长的黑发 2．big blue eyes 大大的蓝眼睛 3．a small round face 小小的圆脸 4．white clean teeth 洁白干净的牙齿 5．deep dark eyes 深邃的黑眼睛 6．strong wide shoulders 宽阔有力的肩膀 7．a slim but strong body 瘦削而强壮的身体 8．a thick moustache and long white hair 胡须浓密，头发又长又白
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．尽管这位厨师身材有些胖，但他做的菜总是让顾客赞不绝口。(fat)
Although the chef was somewhat fat, his cooking always received endless praise from customers.
2．这位年轻的舞蹈演员以其在舞台上的优雅舞姿而闻名。(young)
The young dancer was famous for her graceful and elegant performances on stage.
3．新来的英语老师不仅美丽动人，而且专业知识渊博。(beautiful)
The new English teacher was not only beautiful but also highly knowledgeable in her field.
4．那位英俊的消防员勇敢地冲进燃烧的建筑物救被困的居民。(handsome)
The handsome firefighter bravely rushed into the burning building to rescue the trapped residents.
5．生病后，她的脸色变得苍白，需要好好休息才能恢复。(pale)
After falling ill, her face became pale and she needed a good rest to recover.
任务2　语段表达
At the school reunion, Sarah still had her 1.long black hair (长长的黑发)flowing down her shoulders. Her friend Emma was easily recognized by her 2.big blue eyes (大大的蓝眼睛)that sparkled with joy. Their former teacher approached with his 3.small round face (小小的圆脸)beaming happily. When he smiled, his 4.white clean teeth (洁白干净的牙齿)made him look younger. The former football captain stood nearby with his 5.strong wide shoulders (宽阔有力的肩膀)still impressive after all these years.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．breadth n. 宽度；广泛
2．load vt. & vi. 装上，装入 n. 负载；承载量；大量
3．dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
4．insist vi. & vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
5．route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道
6．leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入 vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露 n. 漏洞
7．panic n. 惊恐，恐慌 vi. & vt. (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
8．regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
9．shore n. 岸，滨
10．captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长
11．kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围
12．royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的
13．facilitate vt. 使便利，促进
14．available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的
15．prison n. 监狱
16．phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组
17．shelf n. (书架等的)架子，搁板
18．contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
19．aboard prep. & adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)
20．uniform n. 制服；队服 adj. 一致的，统一的
21．dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水 n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水
22．thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷 n. 雷，雷声
23．meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下
24．navy n. 海军，海军部队
25．sink vi. & vt. 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低
26．pray vi. & vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告
27．reform vt. 改进，改良，改革 n. 改革，改良
二、拓展单词通变化
1．harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n. 和谐；融洽
2．proof n. 证据，证明→prove vt. 证明；检验；显示 linking v. 证明是
3．influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n. 影响(力)；有影响力的人或事 vt. 影响
4．financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n. 金融；财政
5．literary adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的→literature n. 文学；文献；著作
6．exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的→exception n. 例外
7．adopt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi. 领养，收养→adopted adj. 被收养的；被采用的→adoption n. 收养；采用
8．comparison n. 比较；对比→compare v. 比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作
9．freeze vi. & vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵→freezing adj. 冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的→frozen adj. 呆住的；冻结的；冷冻的；冻僵的
10．bleed vi. 失血，流血→blood n. 血，血液；血统→bleeding n. 流血，失血
11．memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物→memorize vt. 记住，背熟；记忆→memory n. 记性，记忆力；内存，存储器；回忆
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．voyage n. 航海，航行，航天 vi. 航行，远行
2．fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
3．compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规
4．tomb n. 坟墓
5．navigate vt. 航行；导航 vi. 导航
6．log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木 vi. & vt. 伐木
7．minister n. 大臣，部长
8．format n. 总体安排，设计；版式
9．subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的
10．infamy n. 臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶
11．episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集
12．textile n. 纺织品
13．washroom n. 洗手间，厕所
四、重点短语明搭配
1．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
2．regardless of 不管，不顾
3．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到；把……计算在内
4．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好
5．contrary to 与……相反
6．have an impact on 对……有影响
7．pass on 传递；传下去
8．get in touch with 和……取得联系
9．declare war on/against 对……宣战
10．be packed with 有大量……的
11．be loaded with 装载着
12．insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
13．depart from 离开……
14．be in panic 处于惊慌状态
15．be acknowledged as 被认为是
五、教材佳句会运用
1．其船队有船200余艘，载有近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas，with almost 28，000 people on board, which was a splendid scene．
2．凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。(who引导限制性定语从句)
Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.
3．1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。(with复合结构)，On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about__90__crewmen．
4．这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。(that引导表语从句)
The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World．
5．如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉没的地方：在太平洋中央。(where引导地点状语从句)
Today，the USS Arizona lies where it sank：in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The water froze (结冰)inside the pipe，causing it to expand and burst.
2．To lower the housing price, several effective measures have been adopted (采纳)by the government in the past few years.
3．With his lessons finished for the day, the boy sank (坐下)back in the chair with relief.
4．Hannah prayed (祈祷)every night that her husband would survive the war.
5．The terrible scene of the attack, which was hatched (密谋)by Japan and caused great loss, left a deep impression on Louis Russell.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A man with a bleeding (blood)hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around where I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”
2．It is reported that the recent drought has led to more serious water shortage (short)in this region.
3．The blue water indeed took their breath away with its exceptional (exception)beauty.
4．Is there a better way to unload (load)our burden
5．Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, was an influential (influence)person globally, one devoted to helping those suffering from poverty.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in panic; insist on; be loaded with; allow for; regardless of
1．The volunteers aim to help victims of disasters regardless of their race or nationality.
2．When arranging our work, we should allow for unforeseen circumstances.
3．She insisted on being present at all the interviews although she was not quite herself.
4．What the government should do is to calm down the public whenever they are in panic．
5．If your diet is loaded with vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans, you'll be getting a lot of fibre.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．令人惊讶的是，这家酒店一次可以容纳1 000人。它过去是一座古老的城堡。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
It is amazing that the hotel, which used to be an old castle, can accommodate 1，000 people at a time.
2．在男孩的带领下，我们最终找到了他的房子。(with复合结构)
We finally found his house, with the boy leading us．
3．他没去上学的原因是他得了重感冒。(that引导表语从句)
The reason why he didn't go to school was that he caught a heavy cold．
4．战后，在曾经是剧院的地方盖起了一幢新校舍。(where引导地点状语从句)
After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre．
课时作业45
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·湖南邵阳一模)
I was born in a small town in Pakistan called Quetta in 1980. When I was a little boy of about ten years old, I developed an interest in calligraphy. Back then we only had a TV channel with limited programs. One of the programs was about learning calligraphy. I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts in the Urdu language.
After graduation, I came to Dubai, UAE. Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles. So I bought a camera and learned photography, joined photography groups and attended workshops. After few years, I got bored of photographing landscapes and cityscapes.
Seven years ago, while going through the photography blogs and looking through others' works, I read the term called “light painting”， a photography technique that allows you to draw in space. I started experimenting with that and soon it hit me: why not bring back my passion for calligraphy using light painting technique Since that day, I've been drawing light calligraphy. To achieve the best results, I decided to build the lights myself. The best part about my work is that they are not photoshopped. I prefer to get the results straight out of the camera. I don't even turn over the images. To achieve that, I have to write in reverse and that took a lot of practice to get it right.
Currently, I'm working on the idea of bringing abandoned places back to life, including buildings which have lost their charm and are hidden in darkness. Through my photography, I try to employ light calligraphy by writing a word that attaches a deep meaning to those places and telling stories behind them. In this way, I hope people will revisit these places and appreciate the real reason for their construction.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从对书法感兴趣到在迪拜从事光绘书法摄影的经历及其创作理念。
1．What can be implied from the author's experience in Quetta？(　D　)
A．He had access to plenty art resources.
B．He was fond of calligraphy channels.
C．He grasped scripts of many languages.
D．He was willing to dig into calligraphy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“I was engaged and spent several years learning different calligraphy scripts in the Urdu language.”可知，作者愿意深入研究书法。故选D项。
2．What made the author interested in taking pictures in Dubai？(　A　)
A．Visual impacts of structures.
B．Remarkable urban planning.
C．Mysterious building stories.
D．Odd angles of architecture.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Falling in love with the architecture and high-rise buildings, I wanted to shoot the amazing beauty from different angles.”可知，建筑物的视觉冲击力激发了作者在迪拜拍照的兴趣。故选A项。
3．How did the author enhance the effects of light calligraphy？(　B　)
A．By learning from others.
B．By sticking to originality.
C．By beautifying his photos.
D．By drawing in open space.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“To achieve the best results, I decided to build the lights myself. The best part about my work is that they are not photoshopped. I prefer to get the results straight out of the camera.”可知，作者通过坚持原创性来增强光绘书法的效果。故选B项。
4．What is the author's role in practising his current idea？(　C　)
A．A writer putting down real thoughts.
B．An educator spreading sound values.
C．An artist regenerating forgotten sites.
D．A historian looking for ignored areas.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Currently, I'm working on the idea…and telling stories behind them.”可知，作者目前的角色是通过光绘书法让被遗忘的遗址重现生机的艺术家。故选C项。
(2026·东北三省四市联考)
Huang Xuhua, born in 1926 in Guangdong province, is known as the “Father of China's Nuclear Submarines (核潜艇)．” His pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for China's nuclear submarine program, which played a key role in the country's defense strategy during a time of intense global pressure.
In 1958, Mr Huang was appointed as the chief designer for China's first nuclear submarine project. At that time, China lacked the necessary technology and resources to construct such advanced submarines, and due to international isolation, the team had to rely solely on domestic innovation. Despite these significant challenges, Mr Huang accepted the mission with determination, driven by the need to safeguard China's maritime sovereignty (主权)and strengthen its strategic defenses. The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine. With limited expertise in nuclear physics and engineering, Mr Huang and his team worked tirelessly to design an efficient and reliable reactor, demonstrating his creativity and leadership skills.
After over a decade of hard work, Huang's team achieved a historic breakthrough in 1970 by launching China's first nuclear-powered submarine, the Type 091 (Han-class). This meant China became one of the few countries able to build nuclear submarines. Soon after, they developed the Type 092 (Xia-class)，China's first ballistic missile submarine, which boosted the country's nuclear defense.
Huang's contributions went beyond technology. His leadership inspired a generation of Chinese scientists and engineers to focus on self-reliance and innovation. Despite the heavy pressure and secrecy surrounding his work, Huang stayed committed to the project, often sacrificing personal comforts for its success. In recognition of his achievements, Huang has received many awards, including the Supreme State Science and Technology Award, China's highest honor for scientific achievements.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黄旭华对中国核潜艇事业的贡献。
5．What was the biggest challenge in developing China's first nuclear submarine？(　D　)
A．Funding missile systems.
B.Lacking the necessary technology and resources.
C．Coordinating international cooperation.
D．Designing a compact nuclear reactor to power a submarine.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The greatest hurdle was developing a compact nuclear reactor capable of powering a submarine.”可知，开发中国第一艘核潜艇最大的挑战是设计一个紧凑型核反应堆为潜艇提供动力。故选D项。
6．What is the primary purpose of paragraph 3？(　C　)
A．To compare the functions of Type 091 and Type 092 submarines.
B．To emphasize the global popularity of Chinese submarine technology.
C．To showcase the technological achievements and their strategic impact.
D．To list the names and launch dates of China's early nuclear submarines.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，本段主要讲述了中国在核潜艇技术方面取得的成就及其战略意义。故选C项。
7．Which of the following can best describe Huang Xuhua？(　A　)
A．Innovative and patriotic.
B．Talented and courageous.
C．Modest and cooperative.
D．Hard-working and adventurous.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Despite these significant challenges…strengthen its strategic defenses.”以及“With limited expertise…his creativity and leadership skills.”可推知，黄旭华具有创新精神和爱国精神。故选A项。
8．Where would you most likely read this passage？(　C　)
A．A fictional novel. B．A travel guide.
C．A biography. D．An advertisement.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平及其对中国核潜艇事业的贡献，因此文章最有可能出现在人物传记中。故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·浙江强基联盟模拟)
One afternoon in Sierra Leone's Bombali District, my jeep passed fields where children harvested crops. __1__， I approached a tall, thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun.
“Shouldn't you be in class？” I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, __2__ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve. “The school building __3__ after the rains，” he explained. “Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.”
His words revealed Sierra Leone's contradiction in __5__. While the government __6__ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs. About 32% of children here still __7__ primary school—though down from 62% a decade ago.
“Last month，” Issa __8__， “they gave us textbooks，” making a __9__ to his barefoot sisters.“But no shoes means no school.” Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw __10__ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching __11__ villages.
National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million since __12__ began. Girls' attendance jumped by 37%, with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school due to __13__.
As I left, Issa's sisters in tire-sandals (凉鞋)were __14__ a book bicycle. Their laughter showed the __15__ of Sierra Leone's education change: every child's right to learn.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者在塞拉利昂的Bombali地区遇到一位在田间劳作的少年Issa，通过对话了解到当地教育存在的矛盾：尽管政府取消了学费并新建了许多学校，但许多学校仍需维修，部分儿童仍无法正常上学。作者随后在联合国儿童基金会中心看到了解决问题的实际措施，并见证了教育改革带来的积极变化。
1．(　D　)A.Worried　 　 　　 B．Angry
C．Excited D．Curious
解析：句意：我好奇地走近一个在烈日高照下努力干活的高瘦少年。A.Worried担心的；B.Angry生气的；C.Excited兴奋的；D.Curious好奇的。根据后文作者注意到少年耳朵后的铅笔，以及后文直接询问“‘Shouldn't you be in class？’ I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear.”可知，作者是出于好奇才走近少年。故选D项。
2．(　A　)A.wiped B．wrapped
C．covered D．patted
解析：句意：16岁的Issa用破旧的袖子擦了擦额头。A.wiped擦拭；B.wrapped包裹；C.covered覆盖；D.patted轻拍。根据前文“thin teenager working hard under the blazing sun”可知，少年在烈日下干活，出汗后用袖子擦额头是合理动作。故选A项。
3．(　B　)A.leaked B．collapsed
C．sank D．cracked
解析：句意：他解释说：“雨水之后校舍倒塌了。” A．leaked泄漏；B.collapsed倒塌；C.sank下沉；D.cracked破裂。根据后文“‘Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.’”可知，校舍没有墙壁，说明建筑结构已损坏，“倒塌”符合语境。故选B项。
4．(　D　)A.playing B．arguing
C．sleeping D．studying
解析：句意：没有墙壁，老师来的时候我们就轮流在芒果树下学习。A.playing玩耍；B.arguing争论；C.sleeping睡觉；D.studying学习。根据前文“‘Shouldn't you be in class？’ I asked, noticing the pencil behind his ear. Issa, 16, __2__ his forehead with a worn-out sleeve.”可知，这里讨论的是上学相关的问题，因此“学习”最符合语境。故选D项。
5．(　C　)A.economy B．welfare
C．education D．agriculture
解析：句意：他的话揭示了塞拉利昂在教育方面的矛盾。A.economy经济；B.welfare福利；C.education教育；D.agriculture农业。根据前文“Without walls, we take turns __4__ under a mango tree when the teacher comes.”以及全文可知，围绕少年无法正常上学展开，讨论的是教育问题。故选C项。
6．(　A　)A.ended B．doubled
C．delayed D．calculated
解析：句意：虽然政府在2018年取消了学费并新建了数百所学校，但许多学校仍需维修。A.ended结束；B.doubled翻倍；C.delayed延迟；D.calculated计算。根据后文“built hundreds of new schools”可知，政府采取了积极措施，取消学费是其中之一。故选A项。
7．(　A　)A.miss B．skip
C．finish D．hate
解析：句意：这里大约32%的儿童仍然错过小学教育——尽管比十年前的62%有所下降。A.miss错过；B.skip跳过；C.finish完成；D.hate讨厌。根据前文“About 32% of children here still”以及后文“though down from 62% a decade ago”，许多儿童无法正常上学，因此“错过”教育最符合语境。故选A项。
8．(　B　)A.apologized B．continued
C．whispered D．committed
解析：句意：Issa继续说道：“上个月，他们给了我们课本”，并向他赤脚的姐妹们做了一个手势。A.apologized道歉；B.continued继续；C.whispered低语；D.committed承诺。根据后文“‘they gave us textbooks，’ making a __9__ to his barefoot sisters.‘But no shoes means no school.’”可知，Issa在接着前面的话进一步说明情况，因此“继续”符合语境。故选B项。
9．(　D　)A.promise B．speech
C．change D．gesture
解析：句意同上。A.promise承诺；B.speech演讲；C.change改变；D.gesture手势。根据后文“to his barefoot sisters”可知，他做了一个动作(比如指向或示意)，因此“手势”最合理。故选D项。
10．(　B　)A.problems B．solutions
C．debates D．failures
解析：句意：后来，在联合国儿童基金会的一个中心，我看到了实际行动的解决方案：太阳能灯、共享笔记本、到达偏远村庄的移动图书馆。A.problems问题；B.solutions解决方案；C.debates辩论；D.failures失败。根据后文“solar lamps, shared notebooks, mobile libraries reaching __11__ villages”列举的具体措施都是解决教育问题的方案。故选B项。
11．(　C　)A.wealthy B．crowded
C．remote D．dangerous
解析：句意同上。A.wealthy富裕的；B.crowded拥挤的；C.remote偏远的；D.dangerous危险的。根据前文“Later, at a UNICEF center, I saw __10__ in action: solar lamps, shared notebooks”可知，移动图书馆的目的是覆盖难以到达的地区，因此“偏远”最符合语境。故选C项。
12．(　B　)A.challenges B．reforms
C．meetings D．researches
解析：句意：自从改革开始以来，国家入学人数从120万增加到210万。A.challenges挑战；B.reforms改革；C.meetings会议；D.researches研究。前文“While the government __6__ school fees in 2018 and built hundreds of new schools, many still need repairs.”提到政府取消学费、新建学校，和前文“National enrollment rose from 1.2 million to 2.1 million”提到入学人数上升，这些都是教育改革的结果。故选B项。
13．(　D　)A.boredom B．conflicts
C．diseases D．poverty
解析：句意：女孩入学率增长了37%，免费午餐等项目帮助阻止了因贫困而辍学的孩子。A.boredom无聊；B.conflicts冲突；C.diseases疾病；D.poverty贫困。根据前文“with programs like free lunches helping stop kids from leaving school”可知，免费午餐是针对经济困难学生的支持措施，因此“贫困”是辍学的主要原因。故选D项。
14．(　C　)A.fixing up B．looking for
C．running after D．getting on
解析：句意：当我离开时，Issa穿着轮胎凉鞋的姐妹们正在追逐一辆图书自行车。A.fixing up修理；B.looking for寻找；C.running after追逐；D.getting on上车。根据后文“Their laughter showed the __15__ of Sierra Leone's education change: every child's right to learn.”可知，孩子们是开心地追逐图书自行车，因此“追逐”最符合场景。故选C项。
15．(　B　)A.truth B．hope
C．secret D．success
解析：句意：他们的笑声展现了塞拉利昂教育变革的希望——每个孩子学习的权利。A.truth真相；B.hope希望；C.secret秘密；D.success成功。根据后文“every child's right to learn”以及全文可知，变革体现了教育条件改善的积极趋势，但仍有挑战，因此“希望”最能概括这种变革的本质。故选B项。
课时作业46
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·广东湛江二模)
There are decisions we take on instinct, without even realising we are taking them.
Two years ago, I left Germany to do volunteering work. I had a couple of disappointing experiences and a boring job in front of me. It was time to go. I found an interesting contact in a small village in Portugal. In exchange for room and board, I would be working with animals in a residence that hosted families with disabled people. And there I went, with just a backpack I was ready to jump into a new adventure.
There, I cared for the pets living next to the residents, cleaning their yard, preparing food and caring for them. Within a month I was in charge of all the other volunteers and the organization of the daily work. After 5 months, I left again and moved to Catalonia, in Spain, to live with an Irish family. They offered a roof and food on the passage of their house for abandoned animals I helped care for.
During both experiences, I had the chance to discover beautiful little towns and lovely villages. In Portugal, I walked on the coastline and explored those little towns on the top of the dry hills. In Spain I visited Barcelona multiple times, discovering little by little all its corners. Sometimes, my volunteering experience was complicated. I didn't speak any Portuguese and only a bit of Spanish. But life out there was simple. It was so different from what I used to call “home” before! Going back to previous habits took me time.
If you're wondering if an international volunteering year gap is worth it, despite the uncertain future and the social pressure, I say: go for it. Believe me, in various ways, you will be sure to return transformed, perhaps even improved to a superior version of your former self. With a bit of luck, you may also discover a new career path.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者离开德国去葡萄牙和西班牙做志愿者的经历。作者在不同的地方照顾动物、探索当地的城镇和村庄，虽然遇到了语言障碍等问题，但这段经历让作者体验到了简单的生活，也使作者发生了改变。作者认为国际志愿者间隔年是值得的，它是一段自我发现的旅程。
1．Why did the author choose to leave Germany to do volunteering work？(　A　)
A．To make a change.
B．To gain living skills.
C．To broaden his horizons.
D．To add working experience.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Two years ago, I left Germany to do volunteering work. I had a couple of disappointing experiences and a boring job in front of me. It was time to go.”可知，作者选择离开德国去做志愿者工作是为了做出改变。
2．What did the author mainly do during his trip？(　B　)
A．Ran an organization.
B．Attended to animals.
C．Took care of the disabled.
D．Prepared food for volunteers.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In exchange for room and board, I would be working with animals in a residence that hosted families with disabled people.”以及第三段 “They offered a roof and food on the passage of their house for abandoned animals I helped care for.”可知，作者在旅行期间主要做的是照顾动物。
3．Which of the following can best describe the author's trip？(　D　)
A．Simple. B．Romantic.
C．Adventurous. D．Rewarding.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“During both experiences, I had the chance to discover beautiful little towns and lovely villages.”以及最后一段 “Believe me, in various ways, you will be sure to return transformed, perhaps even improved to a superior version of your former self. With a bit of luck, you may also discover a new career path.”可知，作者的这次旅行是有回报的。
4．Which of the following can be the best title？(　D　)
A．Instinct, a key step for new career
B．Backpacking, a jump to a new adventure
C．Gap year, an escape from the reality
D．Volunteering, a journey of self-discovery
解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者离开德国去葡萄牙和西班牙做志愿者的经历。作者在不同的地方照顾动物、探索当地的城镇和村庄，虽然遇到了语言障碍等问题，但这段经历让作者体验到了简单的生活，也使作者发生了改变。作者认为国际志愿者间隔年是值得的，它是一段自我发现的旅程。结合最后一段“If you're wondering if an international volunteering year gap is worth it...you may also discover a new career path.”可知，D项“志愿服务，一段自我发现的旅程”最适合作为文章标题。
(2025·安徽合肥质检)
When thinking of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)doctors，one might picture an elderly man with a long beard sitting in front of a medicine chest. However, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing, challenges that traditional image. Played by a 27-year-old actor, the physician is a professional TCM specialist with a gentle personality, but outside of work, he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors.
The drama follows the female lead, a hotel manager suffering from frequent headaches and trouble sleeping. In her search for a cure, she meets the physician, and their relationship deepens through medical consultations. To play a genuine TCM practitioner, the actor studied Chinese medicine with practising physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的)and treatment methods. This process helped him gain a deeper appreciation for TCM's integrated philosophy, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body, mind, and environment, viewing health as a balance between these elements.
The drama creatively integrates TCM knowledge by naming each episode after a type of Chinese herbal medicine, connecting TCM's healing methods to the storyline. For example, in one episode, the physician performs “wet cupping” to treat a breathing emergency, showcasing TCM's role in critical care.
The drama particularly appeals to young viewers. With the growing integration of TCM and Western medicine, as well as expanding international exchanges, TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities. For instance, acupuncture (针灸)is now covered in health insurance plans in many countries. The actor believes that passion is the driving force behind a successful career—just like his character, the physician, who remains committed to his path in TCM despite numerous challenges, including initial opposition from his father. The actor hopes to introduce TCM to a global audience，especially young generations, through the drama's release on international platforms.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电视剧《爱你》通过年轻中医形象，向全球推广现代中医文化。
5．What do we know about the physician (　C　)
A．He challenges the principles of TCM.
B．He is an actor starring in a TV drama.
C．He presents a distinct image of a TCM doctor.
D.He has the same hobbies as other TCM doctors.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“However, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing，challenges that traditional image.”以及“the physician…he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors”可知，这位医生年轻，有才华，他有着年轻人特色的爱好，改变了人们对中医医生的传统印象。故选C项。
6．Why did the actor learn TCM techniques (　A　)
A．To prepare for the role.
B．To treat his own illnesses.
C．To become a practising physician.
D．To appreciate TCM's philosophy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“To play a genuine TCM practitioner, the actor studied Chinese medicine with practising physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的)and treatment methods.”可知，这名演员和执业医师一起学习中医，学习传统的诊断和治疗方法，是为饰演角色做准备。故选A项。
7．What is the author's purpose in mentioning acupuncture (　B　)
A.To explain the diverse changes in future careers.
B．To demonstrate TCM's international recognition.
C.To show the drama's popularity among young viewers.
D.To emphasize TCM's advantages over Western medicine.
解析：写作目的题。根据第四段的“With the growing integration of TCM…TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities.”以及下文针灸的例子可知，作者提到针灸现在在许多国家被纳入健康保险计划，是在举例说明随着中西医的融合和国际交流的扩大，中医从业者和学生有了更多样化的职业机会，其目的是展示中医在国际上得到了认可。故选B项。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text？(　D　)
A．A Traditional Approach to TCM
B．A New Vision for TCM's Future
C．Exploring the Ancient Roots of TCM
D．Redefining TCM for a Global Audience
解析：主旨大意题。文章开篇对比传统中医医生形象与电视剧中医生的形象，引入演员为演好角色学习中医，且在中西医结合、国际交流背景下，他希望借助该剧向全球推广中医。D项“为全球观众重新定义中医”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2026·T8联考)
After 20 years of teaching，I thought I'd heard every excuse from students trying to get a better grade.But recently I heard a new complaint：“My grade doesn't reflect the effort I put into this course.” 1(____)In the past，students understood it and they knew “A” required great work.Yet today，Generation Z expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.In surveys，two-thirds of college students say that“trying hard”should be a factor in their grades.
2(____)It's the result of a misunderstanding about one popular educational theory. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort helps form a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. 3(____)We've gone from praising effort to treating it as an end in itself. We've failed to remind them that working hard doesn't guarantee doing a good job.There's a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest，not the ones who train the hardest.What counts is not mere effort but the progress and result.
The ideal response to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn't rewarded. 4(____)Trying harder isn't always the answer.Sometimes it's working smarter，and other times，it's working on something else altogether.Devotion is just one of the many contributing factors to achievement.Ability，opportunity and luck count，too.
Now in my classes，students are assessed on the quality of their written essays，class participation，group presentations and final papers or exams.I make it clear that “A” is not granted for effort itself；it is earned through mastery of knowledge.The true measure of learning is not the time and energy you put in. 5(____)
A．Teachers are to blame.
B．It is to ask how to improve.
C．This isn't Generation Z's fault.
D．“B” may not fully reflect your dedication.
E．It's the knowledge and skills you acquire.
F．High marks are for excellence，not perseverance.
G.But we've taken the practice of celebrating diligence too far.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章从一位教师的视角，讨论了当前学生中普遍存在的一种观念：认为成绩应反映所付出的努力量，而非知识掌握的质量。作者分析了这种观念源于对教育理论的误解，指出过度奖励努力本身可能带来弊端，并强调学习成果应以获得的知识和技能为衡量标准。
1．F　解析：上文提到学生抱怨“成绩不能反映我投入的努力”，下文提到“过去学生明白这一道理，知道获得A需要付出巨大努力，而现在Z世代期待因付出的努力量而非知识掌握的质量而获得奖励”。F项“高分是给优秀表现的，而非给坚持的”既回应了上文的“抱怨”，又引出了下文对“努力与成绩的关系”的讨论，起到承上启下的作用。
2．C　解析：空处位于段首，是本段主旨句。下文主要说明这种现象源于对一种流行教育理论的误解，并指出心理学研究原本支持“奖励努力有助于形成良好的工作道德并强化学习”。C项“这不是Z世代的错”概括了段落核心——问题的根源不在于Z世代自身，而在于教育实践对理论的曲解，引出下文，符合语境。
3．G　解析：前文提到心理学研究支持奖励努力，后文则指出“我们从表扬努力转变为把努力本身当作目的”。G项“但我们过度表扬勤奋了”在二者之间形成转折，说明问题在于“过度”，承上启下，符合语境。
4．B　解析：前文指出“对失望成绩的理想回应不是抱怨勤奋未获奖励”，后文则提出“更努力并非总是答案，有时需更聪明地工作”。B项“而是去问如何改进”承接前文，并自然引出后文的解决方案，符合语境。
5．E　解析：前文明确说明评分依据是作业质量、课堂参与等，并强调“A”是通过掌握知识赢得的，而非奖励努力本身。学习的真正衡量标准不是你投入的时间和精力。E项“而是你获得的知识和技能”承接前文，有力收束全文观点，符合语境。

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