资源简介

(共156张PPT)
选择性必修第四册　
Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Integrity and Responsibility: Pillars of Trust
In a world where truths can 1.barely (adv. 几乎不)be distinguished from falsehood, the 2.keen (adj. 强烈的)sense of 3.integrity (n. 诚实正直)stands as a beacon. It's not just about speaking the truth but living on it, even when no one's watching. It's a silent 4.appointment (n. 约定)that even if you drop a 5.diamond (n. 钻石)in a room full of 6.garbage (n. 垃圾)，the 7.reliable (adj. 可靠的)person with integrity will not only pick it up but also ensure it's returned to its rightful owner.
barely
keen
integrity
appointment
diamond
garbage
reliable
8．Responsibility (n. 责任)，on the other hand, is the 9.burden (n. 重担)we willingly carry, not because we have to, but because it's the right thing to do. It's the 10.principle (n. 道德原则)that makes a person 11.pause (v. 停顿)before making a decision, ensuring it under the 12.guidance (n. 指导)of their moral compass. It's the voice that tells you to 13.resign (v. 辞职)from a 14.privileged (adj. 享有特权的)position which makes you feel 15.guilty (adj. 有罪的)and 16.ashamed (adj. 惭愧的)．
Responsibility
burden
principle
pause
guidance
resign
privileged
guilty
ashamed
However, the path of integrity and responsibility is not always smooth. Temptations to 17.cheat (v. 欺骗)，to take shortcuts, or to 18.pretend (v. 假装)to be someone you're not are abundant. But those who stand firm in their values find that the rewards, though not always tangible, are 19.worthwhile (adj. 值得花时间的). They reap a 20.harvest (n. 成果)of trust, respect, and admiration, which no amount of money can buy.
In essence, while the world may 21.quote (v. 引用)various definitions of success, true success lies in the 22.virtue (n. 美德)of integrity and the sense of responsibility.
cheat
pretend
worthwhile
harvest
quote
virtue
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Mary had made an appointment with me to meet at the shopping center, but she failed to keep it.
②Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering department.
③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment (appoint)with the manager.

A
重难考点
an
as
appointment
④(2023·北京卷)I turned up at the appointed (appoint)hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤昨天他被任命为大学校长，现在正在讲台上发表演讲。
→He was appointed as president of the university yesterday, and is giving a speech on the platform now.(appoint v．)
→Appointed as president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now.(分词短语作状语)
appointed
was appointed as president of the university
Appointed as president of the university yesterday,
知识归纳
(1)make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
(2)appoint v. 任命，指派；约定，安排(日期、时间)
appoint sb. as/to be… 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. 被指定的，已安排的
[写作佳句]　I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.(读后续写之情景描写)
我被指定来负责安排那一天的所有活动。
2 resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Having stated his intention to resign from the company, Mr Lee left the hall angrily.
②Joe resigned as chairperson in 2025, and I took his place.
③He resigned (resign)yesterday largely because of the stories in the press.
④Don't be resigned (resign)to your fate, and don't feel guilty for standing up for what's important to you.

from
as
resigned
resigned
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤如果你甘心接受令人不满的状况或事实，那是因为你意识到你无法改变而不得不接受它。
If you resign yourself to an unpleasant situation or fact, you accept it because you realize that you cannot change it.
⑥我写这封信是告诉您我决定辞掉现在这份工作。
I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position. (应用文写作之通知信)
If you resign yourself to an unpleasant situation or fact,
to resign from
知识归纳
(1)resign from 从……辞职
resign as 辞去……职务
resign from…as… 从……辞去……职务
resign oneself to (doing)sth.
听任；只好接受；顺从
(2)resigned adj. 逆来顺受的；顺从的
be resigned to (doing)sth.
屈服于(做)某事
[写作佳句]　I regret to inform you that I have resigned from my position as general manager due to personal reasons. (应用文写作之通知)
很遗憾地通知各位，由于私人原因，我已经辞去了总经理的职位。
3 ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He was ashamed of not finishing his task before the deadline.
②It's a shame that you cannot make it to the party tonight.
③You should not be ashamed to admit (admit)your mistake, because it shows that you're better today than yesterday.

of
that
to admit
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④我是如此羞愧，以至于感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
→I was so ashamed that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(so…that…)
→So ashamed was I that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(so…that…倒装句)
I was so ashamed that
So ashamed was I that
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)Ashamed and deeply regretful, I finally saw the situation from his perspective.
我很羞愧并深感遗憾，终于从他的角度来看待这件事。
(1)be ashamed of… 为……感到羞愧
be ashamed to do…耻于做……；因做……而羞愧
(2)It's a shame that………是令人遗憾的事。
4 forgive vt. & vi.(forgave，forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They forgave (forgive)him his rudeness and never argued with him.
②(2025·全国一卷)I realized nothing could replace understanding and forgiveness (forgive)between family members, which was most precious.
③After the argument, she displayed a forgiving (forgive)nature and apologized first.
④Forgive me for saying in the spirit of honesty and friendship that we don't believe you are doing enough to promote the global common good.

forgave
forgiveness
forgiving
for
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会中。
As is known to all, it's a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
it's a virtue to forgive and forget,
知识归纳
(1)forgive sb./sth. 原谅某人/事
forgive sb. for (doing)sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事；免除某人的……
forgive and forget 不计前嫌
(2)forgiveness n. 原谅
forgiving adj. 宽宏大量的；宽容的
[写作佳句]　Please forgive my interrupting, but I really don't agree with that idea, for it is bad for our environment.
请原谅我打断你，但我真的不同意这个想法，因为它对我们的环境有害。
5 pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①She pretended to be reading (read)a novel when I came into the room.
②When his mother entered his room, he pretended to have fallen (fall)asleep.
③(2025·全国一卷)He pretended not to notice (notice)his brother's disappointment about the dog situation completely.

be reading
have fallen
to notice
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④当在学习中遇到困难时，我们应该有个好态度。不要不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning, we should have a good attitude. Don't pretend to know what you don't know．(应用文写作之建议信)
Don't pretend to know what you don't know
知识归纳
pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是……
pretend (not)to do sth. 假装(不)做某事
pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事
pretend to have done… 假装已做某事
pretend＋that从句 假装……
[写作佳句]　(2024·浙江1月卷)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist. (心理描写)
她决定记住自己上课的地方，然后假装其他地方都不存在。
6 privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，特别优待
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege of introducing our speaker for tonight.
②No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged (privilege)minority.
③It is a privilege for me to have been invited to join the club.
④We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege to enter (enter)the ward freely.
the
privileged
for
to enter
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于保护我们的环境的演讲。
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
It is a privilege for me to stand here
知识归纳
(1)have the privilege to do sth./of doing sth. 有做某事的特权/很荣幸做某事
It is a privilege (for sb.)to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是荣幸的。
(2)privileged adj. 有特权的；荣幸的
be/feel privileged to do sth.
做某事是荣幸的
[写作佳句]　(2021·全国乙卷)I feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于如何成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。
7 mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We were told the picnic would be at the mercy of the weather.
②So cruel is the man that he never has mercy on whoever is against his opinion.
③Yet there were incidents that his merciful (mercy)side came through as well.
④You can give me down heavily, but not even think I would beg for mercy.
at
on
merciful
for
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤尽管他们并不富裕，但他们对穷人表现出怜悯之心，只要有可能，他们总是愿意伸出援助之手。
Although they weren't well off, they showed mercy to the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.(读后续写之人物描写)
showed mercy to the poor
知识归纳
(1)at the mercy of 任由……摆布
without mercy 无情地
have mercy on 对……表示怜悯
show mercy to 对……表示同情
beg for mercy 乞求怜悯；乞求宽恕
(2)merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
be merciful to 对……仁慈
[写作佳句]　Our environment is being seriously damaged without mercy, such as water pollution and air pollution. (应用文写作之倡议书)
我们的环境正在被无情地严重破坏，比如水污染和空气污染。
8 arm in arm 臂挽着臂
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We don't usually see eye to eye on many things.
②Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness.
③The firefighter, severely injured and losing contact with his fellows, stood on his feet and walked towards the exit step by step.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④他怀着内疚和羞愧的心情来到老师的办公室，当面乞求原谅。
Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher's office to beg for his forgiveness face to face．(读后续写之心理、动作描写)
to
in
by
face to face
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　They fell into step, walking shoulder to shoulder with their heads bent against the rain.(读后续写之动作描写)
他们步伐一致，肩并肩低着头冒雨走着。
hand in hand 手牵手
face to face 面对面
shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩
see eye to eye 看法一致
step by step 一步一步地
9 句型公式：however 引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be．
无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①In one's own home one can act however he wishes.
②However rich people are(无论人们有多富裕)，they always seem anxious to take more money.
③However hard you try(无论你多么努力)，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
however
However rich people are
However hard you try
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④不论天多冷，他都在户外工作。
→No matter how cold it is, he still works outdoors.(no matter how)
→However cold it is, he still works outdoors.(however)
No matter how cold it is,
However cold it is,
知识归纳
(1)however用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……；无论如何……”：
①however＋形容词＋主语＋系动词
②however＋副词＋主语＋谓语
(2)however用作连词，连接独立分句，强调前后句的对比或矛盾。
[写作佳句]　He is able to catch every word the announcer says, however fast the latter may speak. (读后续写之情景描写)
不管广播员说得多快，他每个字都能听得清清楚楚。
10 句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材原句)Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Work harder and you will be (be)admitted to a key university.
②Respect yourself, or/otherwise no one else will respect you.
will be
or/otherwise
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③If you work harder，you will make rapid progress in your studies.
→Work harder, and you will make rapid progress in your studies.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
→Working harder, you will make rapid progress in your studies.(现在分词短语作状语)
Work harder, and you will
Working harder,
知识归纳
祈使句常见句型：
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。
(3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more、another等词。
[写作佳句]　Keep on jogging, and you will benefit a lot from it.(应用文写作之建议信)
坚持慢跑，你会受益匪浅。
[查漏补缺]
1．The young man, suspected of committing a crime against the girl, was arrested and interviewed by the police.
2．She'd need all her strength and bravery to cope with what lay in store.
3．She has written many books, one of which is worthy of being read.
4．More police officers out on the beat may help to cut crime.
5．I was disappointed to find (find)that little Tom had cheated in the exam.
B
拾遗考点
of
in
of
on
to find
6．Most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation where we or someone else needs help.
7．While walking, he suddenly stopped and told the boy to pull out a small plant.
8．There was a time when many people went to California to make their (they)fortune.
9．To quit a job never means losing contact with your former colleagues.
10．To my disappointment，my cousin was arrested as a suspect.
where
out
their
with
To
知识点拨
1.be worthy of being done/to be done 某事值得做
2．pull out拔出
3．to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是
4．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句
5．suspect sb. of (doing)sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
6．on the beat在巡逻中
7．in store将要发生
8．be disappointed to do…因做……而失望
9．make one's fortune发财
10．lose contact with和……失去联系
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷)“People started queuing to make an appointment (appoint)early in the morning，” says Emile Ducke.
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed (disappoint)that the cubs weren't there.
3．In the end the contrary was proved true: he was innocent (innocence)and she was guilty.
4．Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up．
appointment
disappointed
innocent
up
5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged (discourage)at times.
6．Parking lot owners should be legally (legal)responsible for protecting vehicles.
7．We were told when he was taken to hospital that his injuries were so severe that death would be merciful (mercy)to him.
8．It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
9．The relentless rise in unemployment will inevitably weigh on consumer sentiment.
discouraged
legally
merciful
on
on
10．(2025·八省联考)I felt ashamed (shame)of my initial fear and was truly grateful that I had decided to come.
ashamed
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．keen
(1)As is known to all, dogs have a keen sense of smell.C
(2)Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, I am writing to introduce it to you in detail.B
(3)Hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey because they are keen to see rare birds at the destination.A
A.adj. 热衷的，渴望的　B．adj. (兴趣或感情)强烈的；浓烈的　C．adj. 灵敏的；敏锐的
C
B
A
2．wrap
(1)It was cold yesterday. He wrapped a scarf around his neck.B
(2)I'd like to wrap Christmas presents in pretty paper.A
(3)We stock a wide range of cards and gift wrap．C
A.vt. 裹，包　B．vt. 用……缠绕或围紧　C．n. 包裹材料
B
A
C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Energy experts predict that limited resources on the earth are running out, which arrests many people's attention.v. 吸引，引起注意
点拨：arrest(熟义)n. 逮捕，拘捕 vt. 逮捕，拘捕。此处意为“吸引，引起注意”。
(2)He wrinkled his forehead, confused and worried by the strange event.v. (使)起皱纹；皱起
点拨：wrinkle(熟义)n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕。此处是动词，意为“(使)起皱纹；皱起”。

v. 吸引，引起注意
v. (使)起皱纹；皱起
(3)The Great Wall of China is a superb example of ancient architecture, showcasing the magnificent power and grandeur of Imperial China.adj. 壮丽的，辉煌的
点拨：superb(熟义)adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的。此处意为“壮丽的，辉煌的”。
adj. 壮丽的，辉煌的
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，学校正在举行以“责任与诚信”为主题的英文演讲，请你写一篇演讲稿。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①如今，责任和诚信的原则比以往任何时候都更加重要。
Nowadays, the principles of responsibility and integrity are more crucial than ever．

the principles of responsibility and integrity
more
crucial than ever
②负责任意味着要承担我们行动的责任，并承认我们的错误。
To be responsible means to carry the burden of our actions, and to admit our faults．
③这是一项值得的努力。
It's a worthwhile endeavor．
④它为我们赢得了来自他人的信任和尊重的荣耀。
It earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others．
⑤诚信意味着不欺骗，不假装，要信守我们的言语和承诺。
Integrity means not to cheat, not to pretend, and to stand by our words and promises.
To be responsible
carry the burden of our actions,
admit our faults
a worthwhile endeavor
the privilege of trust and respect from others
not to cheat, not to pretend,
to stand by
⑥它是每一段体面关系的基础。
It's the foundation of every decent relationship．
⑦责任和诚信都是基本的价值观。
Both responsibility and integrity are essential values．
⑧我们应该坚守这些基本的价值观。
We should stick to these essential values．
⑨让我们努力将这些价值观融入我们的日常生活中，并激励其他人也这样做。
Let's strive to include these values in our daily lives and inspire others to do the same．
the foundation of every decent relationship
are essential values
stick to these essential values
strive to include these values
inspire others
to do the same
Step 2句式升级
⑩将句③和句④用for连接起来
It's a worthwhile endeavor, for it earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others.
将句⑦和句⑧用定语从句连接起来
Both responsibility and integrity are essential values that we should stick to.
It's a worthwhile endeavor, for it earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others.
Both responsibility and integrity are essential values that we should stick to.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Ladies and gentlemen，
Nowadays, the principles of responsibility and integrity are more crucial than ever. To be responsible means to carry the burden of our actions, and to admit our faults. It's a worthwhile endeavor, for it earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others.
Integrity, means not to cheat, not to pretend, and to stand by our words and promises. It's the foundation of every decent relationship.
Ladies and gentlemen，
Nowadays, the principles of responsibility and integrity are more crucial than ever. To be responsible means to carry the burden of our actions, and to admit our faults. It's a worthwhile endeavor, for it earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others.
Integrity, means not to cheat, not to pretend, and to stand by our words and promises. It's the foundation of every decent relationship.
In conclusion, both responsibility and integrity are essential values that we should stick to. Let's strive to include these values in our daily lives and inspire others to do the same.
Thank you.
In conclusion, both responsibility and integrity are essential values that we should stick to. Let's strive to include these values in our daily lives and inspire others to do the same.
Thank you.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
修辞之明喻
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
明喻是英语中常用的修辞手法，通过使用连接词like、as、as if、as though等，将两个不同事物进行直接比较，使描述更加生动形象。基本结构为：
●A＋be＋like＋B
●A＋be＋as＋形容词＋as＋B
●A＋动词＋like＋B
●A＋动词＋as if/as though＋句子
词块 1.as bright as the sun 像太阳一样明亮
2．like a rock 像岩石一样(坚固/稳定)
3．as fast as lightning 快如闪电
4．like a fish out of water 如鱼离水(不适应)
5．as quiet as a mouse 安静如鼠
6．as brave as a lion 勇敢如狮
7．as cold as ice 冷如冰
8．as busy as a bee 忙如蜜蜂
9．as white as snow 洁白如雪
10．as strong as an ox 强壮如牛
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．当他听到那个可怕的消息时，他的脸变得惨白如雪。(as…as…)
When he heard the terrible news, his face turned as white as snow．
2．面对困难时，他总是像岩石一样坚定不移地坚持自己的信念。(like)
When facing difficulties, he always stood like a rock, firmly holding onto his beliefs.

turned as white as snow
stood like a rock,
3．看到有人遇险，这位年轻的消防员快如闪电地冲过去帮忙。(as…as…)
Seeing someone in danger, the young firefighter rushed over as fast as lightning to help.
4．第一次参加国际会议，她感觉如鱼离水般不知所措，非常紧张。(like)
Attending her first international conference, she felt like a fish out of water and quite nervous.
as fast as
lightning
felt like a fish out of
water
5．比赛结束后，他喘着气，就好像刚跑完一场马拉松。(A＋动词＋as if/as though＋句子)
After the race, he was breathing as if he had just run a marathon．
as if he had just run a marathon
任务2　语段表达
During the school sports day, everyone had different roles to play. The principal was 1.as busy as a bee (忙如蜜蜂)，rushing from one event to another to ensure everything ran smoothly. When the 100-meter race began, the fastest runner moved 2.as fast as lightning (快如闪电)across the track, leaving his competitors far behind. Meanwhile, the younger students sat in the stands, 3.as quiet as a mouse (安静如鼠)，watching the exciting competition with wide eyes. The school nurse stood nearby, 4.as brave as a lion (勇敢如狮)，ready to help any injured athletes. When the winning team celebrated, their joy was 5.as bright as the sun (像太阳一样明亮)，spreading happiness throughout the entire school.
as busy as a bee
as fast as lightning
as quiet as a mouse
as brave as a
lion
as bright as the sun
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
2．diamond n. 钻石
3．worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
4．outline vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图
5．suspect vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得 n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象
6．arrest n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕

A
默写达标
barely
diamond
worthwhile
outline
suspect
arrest
7．criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
8．anyhow adv. 不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地
9．principle n. 道德原则；法则；信条
10．decent adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的
11．resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
12．superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
13．forgive vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
14．cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊
15．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料
16．wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt. & vi. (使脸上)起皱纹，皱起
criminal
anyhow
principle
decent
resign
superb
forgive
cheat
wrap
wrinkle
17．pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为
18．phase n. 阶段，时期
19．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
20．fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点
21．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点
22．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整，完好
23．organic adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
24．garbage n. 垃圾；废话
25．saving n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金
26．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金，红利
pretend
phase
deadline
fault
virtue
integrity
organic
garbage
saving
bonus
27．sow vt. & vi. (sowed, sown)播种，种
28．harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt. & vi. 收割，捕猎
29．quote n. 引语 vt. & vi. 引用，引述；举例说明
sow
harvest
quote
二、拓展单词通变化
1．appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt. 约会；任命→appointed adj. 指定的；约定的
2．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi. 依靠；依赖
3．legal adj. 合法的；法律的→illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的→legally adv. 法律上，合法地→illegally adv. 违法地，非法地
4．guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；有罪

appointment
appoint
appointed
reliable
rely
legal
illegal
legally
illegally
guilty
guilt
5．ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
6．disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt. 使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望，沮丧
7．discouraged adj. 灰心的→discouraging adj. 使人灰心的，使人泄气的→discourage vt. 阻止，使气馁→discouragement n. 泄气，灰心
ashamed
shame
shameful
disappointed
disappoint
disappointing
disappointment
discouraged
discouraging
discourage
discouragement
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．cigar n. 雪茄烟
2．eyebrow n. 眉毛
3．keen adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望；热切，热衷于
4．geophysicist n. 地球物理学家
5．ward n. 病房
6．substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的
7．embrace vt. & vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱
8．likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且
9．starfish n. 海星，星鱼
雪茄烟
眉毛
灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望；热切，热衷于
地球物理学家
病房
大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的
欣然接受；包含；拥抱
同样地；也，而且
海星，星鱼
10．scar n. 伤疤；(精神上的)创伤；污点
11．rejoice vi. & vt. 非常高兴，深感欣喜
12．burden n. (责任、义务等的)重担，负担
13．pause vi. 停顿，暂停 n. 停顿，停顿的时间
伤疤；(精神上的)创伤；污点
非常高兴，深感欣喜
(责任、义务等的)重担，负担
停顿，暂停
停顿，停顿的时间
四、重点短语明搭配
1．tear down 拆毁，拆除
2．make one's fortune 发财
3．lose contact 失去联系
4．arm in arm 臂挽着臂
5．under arrest 被逮捕
6．pull out 离开，撤离；拔出
7．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置；对……无能为力
8．in store 贮藏着；要发生
tear down
make one's fortune
lose contact
arm in arm
under arrest
pull out
at the mercy of sb./sth.
in store
五、教材佳句会运用
1．一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。(介词短语位于句首的完全倒装结构)
In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
2．无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。(however引导让步状语从句)
Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be．
In the doorway of a store stood a man,
however difficult
that might be
3．今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
Sow the seeds of success today and
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The man has been arrested (拘捕)and is being questioned at the police station now.
2．The nurse we talked to just now is in charge of three different wards (病房)．
3．People making friends online are afraid of getting cheated (欺骗)．
B
基础检测
arrested
wards
cheated
4．There are 11 other minerals (矿物质)that are contained in the salt water of the ocean.
5．The nurse carried in a baby wrapped (包)up in a warm blanket.
minerals
wrapped
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The father could barely (bare)contain his anger when hearing the news that his son was suspended from the school due to misbehavior.
2．The police had to employ force to enter the building because the criminal (crime)had locked the gate.
3．Everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable (rely)and easy to get on with.
4．The captain asked his members to be merciful (mercy)to the villagers.
5．(2025·全国一卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your “guidance (guide)” till they lose.
barely
criminal
reliable
merciful
guidance
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．There are several main reasons why old buildings should be torn down and replaced by new ones.
2．The smart man made his fortune by dealing with software.
3．The profession is very much at the mercy of the market place.
4．He walked from the court arm in arm with his wife.
5．It is reported that the driver of the truck, considered to be fully responsible for the accident, has been under arrest．
arm in arm; under arrest; tear down; make one's fortune; at the mercy of
be torn
down
made his fortune
at the mercy of
arm in arm
under arrest
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．农场前流淌着一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。(介词短语位于句首的完全倒装结构)
In front of the farm flows a small river which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
2．不管玛丽多忙，她每天都会留出一些时间锻炼。(however引导让步状语从句)
However busy Mary is, she will set aside some time for exercise every day.
In front of the farm flows a small river
However busy Mary is,
3．比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Compare the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.

Compare the quality of different brands and
课时作业
返回
课时作业49
课时作业50
课时作业49
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2026·安徽六校联考)
Born on May 12, 1820, into a wealthy British family, Florence Nightingale went against social expectations to become the founder of modern nursing. At a time when women were expected to focus on household duties, her father prioritized her education. She mastered languages like Latin, Greek, French, and German, and engaged in philosophical debates with her father. This exceptional background shaped her critical thinking and determination.
At 30, Florence pursued nursing—a profession then viewed as low-status—despite her parents' disapproval. After training in Germany, she began working at a London hospital in 1853.Her most significant contribution came during the Crimean War (1853－1856). Initially, the British government banned nurses from treating soldiers, resulting in terrible medical conditions and many soldiers' death in army hospitals. Public anger, fueled by journalist William Howard Russell's reports, forced officials to act. Florence was chosen to lead a team of nurses in Crimea.
Arriving at the military hospital, she faced chaos: overcrowded wards, poor cleanliness, and limited supplies. Florence reorganized the hospital, emphasizing cleanliness, proper nutrition, and efficient care. She tirelessly walked the wards at night with a lamp, comforting soldiers and earning the nickname “The Lady with the Lamp”. Her reforms reduced death rates dramatically, proving the value of skilled nursing.
After the war, Florence used statistics to advocate healthcare reforms. She created detailed charts showing how improved hygiene (卫生)saved lives, influencing England's public health policies. Additionally, she challenged gender stereotypes, arguing that women deserved equal opportunities in education and work. Though her parents initially opposed her career, her achievements silenced critics and reshaped societal views on nursing.
Florence Nightingale's legacy continues as an example of perseverance and innovation. Her life teaches that courage, knowledge, and empathy can drive great change. Today, nurses worldwide honor her as a role model, carrying forward her spirit of service and dedication to humanity.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现代护理学奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的生平与成就。
1．What can we learn about Florence from the first paragraph？(　　)
A．She preferred traditional female roles.
B．She was taught Greek by her father.
C．She had a good educational background.
D．She struggled with financial difficulties.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段At a time when women were expected…critical thinking and determination.可知，她父亲重视她的教育，她掌握多种语言并参与哲学辩论，拥有良好的教育背景。故选C项。
C
2．Why did Florence go to Crimea during the war？(　　)
A．To escape from her family's pressure.
B．To provide medical support for soldiers.
C．To gain military experience for future use.
D．To answer the call of the Crimean officials.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Her most significant contribution…lead a team of nurses in Crimea.可推知，弗洛伦斯被选中带领护士团队前往，目的是为士兵提供医疗支持。故选B项。
B
3．Why was Florence called “The Lady with the Lamp”？(　　)
A.She designed a new type of lamp for hospitals.
B.She used a lamp to study medical charts at night.
C.She carried a lamp to walk the wards during the night.
D.She taught nurses to use lamps for emergency surgery.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段She tirelessly walked the wards…nickname “The Lady with the Lamp”可知，她在夜晚提着灯在病房巡视，因此被称为“提灯女神”。故选C项。
C
4．What is the basis of Florence's success in nursing？(　　)
A．Her determination and innovative approach.
B．Her family's selfless financial support.
C．The soldiers' gratitude to and respect for her.
D．The full cooperation of the British government.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔不顾父母反对坚持从事护理工作，在克里米亚战争中面对混乱的医院状况，通过创新方式，如强调清洁、营养和高效护理等进行改革，降低死亡率。由此推知，她的坚持和创新方法是成功的基础。故选A项。
A
B
(2025·四川成都模拟)
It's 3：00 am, and photographer Yang Dong stands along the rugged expanse of the Great Wall at Jinshanling, Hebei province. His camera, set and ready, waits patiently for the first sunlight to uncover the breathtaking scenery of rolling clouds.
Yang was born in 1992 at the foot of the Tiger Mountain section of the Great Wall in Dandong, Liaoning province. The Great Wall planted a seed in his memories from a very young age. In 2013, Yang started his photography career, and it was in September 2015, during a climb up the Jinshanling section, that he found himself awe-struck by the fantastic scenery of the Great Wall amidst the clouds and determined to use his camera to capture and preserve this heritage.
Photographing the Great Wall is not merely an artistic pursuit; it is a journey of patience, perseverance and emotional connection. As many parts of the Great Wall were built on mountains, his pursuit of ideal shooting points often involves carrying heavy equipment through dense forests and steep slopes, and he has to handle unpredictable weather conditions.
Yang recalled a particularly challenging experience in December 2018 at Jiayuguan, Gansu province, where he endured a 22-hour train journey to capture the Great Wall in the snow. In temperatures as low as －29℃， his electronic devices rapidly lost power, and his tablet computer used to control the shooting drone failed. To avoid missing the perfect moment, Yang used his body heat to restart the devices. His efforts paid off—he captured a striking photograph.
Since 2019, Yang has set his sights on an aspiring project: Capturing the snow-covered landscapes of the 13 significant passes of the Great Wall. Spanning from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, these 13 passes cover vast geographical areas.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师杨东在长城上进行摄影的经历和挑战，包括他如何开始摄影生涯、在拍摄过程中遇到的困难以及他目前正在进行的一个摄影项目。
5．What can we know about Yang Dong from paragraph 1？(　　)
A．He is addicted to traveling.
B．He is patient and committed.
C．He has a deep passion for steep slopes.
D．He is fascinated by the midnight scenery.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，他架好相机耐心等待第一缕阳光来展现云海美景，体现了他的耐心；同时他为了拍摄长城在凌晨就做好准备，也显示出他对拍摄长城的决心。故选B项。
B
6．What made Yang Dong decide to conserve the heritage of the Great Wall？(　　)
A．His talent in photographing.
B．His photographing career in 2013.
C．His climbing experience in 2015.
D．His memory of it at a young age.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段In 2013, Yang started his photography career…capture and preserve this heritage.可知，2015年他攀登金山岭长城时被云海中长城的绝美景色震撼，从而决定用相机捕捉并保护这一遗产。故选C项。
C
7．Why is Yang Dong's experience at Jiayuguan mentioned in paragraph 4？(　　)
A.To stress the importance of devices in photographing.
B.To recall his challenging experience in photographing.
C.To emphasize his success in capturing satisfying photographs.
D.To show the difficulty and his perseverance in photographing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，他在嘉峪关拍摄时经历长时间火车旅程、零下29摄氏度低温导致设备没电等困难，并用身体暖热设备以抓住拍摄时机，这展示了拍摄的困难以及他的坚持。故选D项。
D
8．What does the underlined word “aspiring” mean in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Ambitious. B．Enjoyable.
C．Dangerous. D．Unreachable.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句及下一句可知，杨东计划拍摄长城13个重要关隘的雪景，这些关隘从东到西跨度很大，涵盖广阔的地理区域。完成这样的项目需要付出很多努力，是一个雄心壮志的计划。选项A“ambitious”意为“有雄心的，有抱负的”，与此相符。故选A项。
A
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·河北A9联盟联考)
A couple from Maryland were stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold on a Virginia highway without food. As the hours passed, they grew __1__ hungry and discouraged.
After nearly 21 hours of being __2__ on 95 South, Casey and her husband John slept there overnight, not having __3__ to food or water. At that time, they __4__ a Schmidt Baking Co. truck ahead of them. “Many of the people stuck out here had small children or were elderly, and they hadn't eaten for almost an entire day，” Casey said. __5__ for help, they decided to __6__ Schmidt Bakery to see if they could provide some much-needed __7__ for them, as well as others in the same predicament (困境)．
“I didn't think it would actually work，” said Casey, who __8__ a message with customer service. But to their __9__， 20 minutes later, they actually got help from Chuck Paterakis, the __10__ of the bakery. He told them to __11__ the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to __12__ bread. The couple joined Ron in delivering the bread, and soon others joined in, resulting in about 300 loaves being handed out.
“It was amazing to __13__ people's gratitude and to see their __14__ when they finally had food. This was one of the kindest moments I have ever __15__，” Casey recalled.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一对夫妇在弗吉尼亚公路滞留近21小时，饥寒交迫。他们联系施密特面包店求助，意外获老板相助，司机分发面包，众人受益，夫妇目睹这一暖心时刻。
A couple from Maryland were stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold on a Virginia highway without food. As the hours passed, they grew __1__ hungry and discouraged.
1．(　　)A.equally　　　　　 B．increasingly
C．eagerly D．simply
解析：句意：随着时间的流逝，他们越来越饥饿和沮丧。A.equally平等地；B.increasingly越来越多地，逐渐增加地；C.eagerly急切地；D.simply简单地。根据上文“As the hours passed”可知，随着时间推移，饥饿和沮丧的程度在增加，increasingly符合语境，故选B项。
答案分析
B
After nearly 21 hours of being __2__ on 95 South, Casey and her husband John slept there overnight, not having __3__ to food or water.
2．(　　)A.available B．inspired
C．stuck D．strange
解析：句意：在95号州际公路南段被困近21个小时后，Casey和她的丈夫John在那里过夜，无法获得食物和水。A.available可获得的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.stuck被困住的；D.strange奇怪的。根据上文“A couple from Maryland were stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold on a Virginia highway without food.”可知，他们是被困在路上，stuck符合语境，故选C项。
C
After nearly 21 hours of being __2__ on 95 South, Casey and her husband John slept there overnight, not having __3__ to food or water.
3．(　　)A.access B．addiction
C．adaptation D．reaction
解析：句意同上。A.access接触的机会；B.addiction上瘾；C.adaptation适应；D.reaction反应。根据上文“stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold”可知，被困在公路上，所以这里指没有机会获得食物和水，access符合语境，have access to“有机会获得”。故选A项。
A
At that time, they __4__ a Schmidt Baking Co. truck ahead of them.
4．(　　)A.spotted B．chose
C．accepted D．described
解析：句意：就在那时，他们发现前方有一辆施密特烘焙公司的卡车。A.spotted发现；B.chose选择；C.accepted接受；D.described描述。根据下文“Schmidt Baking Co. truck ahead of them”可知，他们看到了前方的卡车，spotted符合语境，故选A项。
A
“Many of the people stuck out here had small children or were elderly, and they hadn't eaten for almost an entire day，” Casey said. __5__ for help, they decided to __6__ Schmidt Bakery to see if they could provide some much-needed __7__ for them, as well as others in the same predicament (困境)．
5．(　　)A.Suitable B．Ideal
C．Desperate D．Thankful
解析：句意：由于极度渴望得到帮助，他们决定联系施密特面包店，看看面包店是否能为他们以及其他处于同样困境的人提供一些急需的食物。A.Suitable合适的；B.Ideal理想的；C.Desperate渴望的；D.Thankful感激的。根据上文“hungry and discouraged”可知，他们极度渴望得到帮助，Desperate符合语境，故选C项。
C
“Many of the people stuck out here had small children or were elderly, and they hadn't eaten for almost an entire day，” Casey said. __5__ for help, they decided to __6__ Schmidt Bakery to see if they could provide some much-needed __7__ for them, as well as others in the same predicament (困境)．
6．(　　)A.open B．contact
C．question D．warn
解析：句意同上。A.open打开；B.contact联系；C.question询问；D.warn警告。根据下文“a message with customer service”可知，他们是联系面包店，contact符合语境，故选B项。
B
“Many of the people stuck out here had small children or were elderly, and they hadn't eaten for almost an entire day，” Casey said. __5__ for help, they decided to __6__ Schmidt Bakery to see if they could provide some much-needed __7__ for them, as well as others in the same predicament (困境)．
7．(　　)A.equipment B．food
C．clothing D．advice
解析：句意同第5题。A.equipment设备；B.food食物；C.clothing衣服；D.advice建议。根据上文“hungry”可知，他们急需食物，food符合语境，故选B项。
B
“I didn't think it would actually work，” said Casey, who __8__ a message with customer service.
8．(　　)A.translated B．complained
C．recited D．left
解析：句意：Casey说：“我没想到这真的会有用。”她给客服留了一条信息。A.translated翻译；B.complained抱怨；C.recited背诵；D.left留下。根据下文“a message with customer service”可知，这里指Casey给客服留言，leave a message“留言”，left符合语境，故选D项。
D
But to their __9__， 20 minutes later, they actually got help from Chuck Paterakis, the __10__ of the bakery.
9．(　　)A.surprise B．regret
C．disappointment D．honor
解析：句意：但令他们惊讶的是，20分钟后，他们真的得到了面包店老板Chuck Paterakis的帮助。A.surprise惊讶；B.regret后悔；C.disappointment失望；D.honor荣誉。根据上文“I didn't think it would actually work”可知，得到帮助让他们很惊讶，surprise符合语境，故选A项。
A
But to their __9__， 20 minutes later, they actually got help from Chuck Paterakis, the __10__ of the bakery.
10．(　　)A.sponsor B．cook
C．owner D．customer
解析：句意同上。A.sponsor赞助商；B.cook厨师；C.owner主人，老板；D.customer顾客。根据下文“He told them to…Ron, who had been authorized to…”可知，Chuck Paterakis是能授权司机分发面包的老板，owner符合语境，故选C项。
C
He told them to __11__ the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to __12__ bread. The couple joined Ron in delivering the bread, and soon others joined in, resulting in about 300 loaves being handed out.
11．(　　)A.protect B．approach
C．rescue D．trust
解析：句意：他告诉他们去找卡车司机Ron，Ron已被授权分发面包。A.protect保护；B.approach靠近，找……帮忙；C.rescue营救；D.trust信任。根据下文“the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to…bread”可知，老板让他们去找司机，approach符合语境，故选B项。
B
He told them to __11__ the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to __12__ bread. The couple joined Ron in delivering the bread, and soon others joined in, resulting in about 300 loaves being handed out.
12．(　　)A.call off B．look into
C．focus on D．hand out
解析：句意同上。A.call off取消；B.look into调查；C.focus on专注于；D.hand out分发。根据下文“about 300 loaves being handed out”可知，是分发面包，hand out符合语境，故选D项。
D
“It was amazing to __13__ people's gratitude and to see their __14__ when they finally had food. This was one of the kindest moments I have ever __15__，” Casey recalled.
13．(　　)A.hear B．exchange
C．predict D．prevent
解析：句意：Casey回忆说：“听到人们的感谢，看到他们最终有食物时如释重负的样子，真是太棒了。这是我见过的最善良的时刻之一。”A.hear听到；B.exchange交换；C.predict预测；D.prevent阻止。根据下文“people's gratitude”以及常识可知，人们表达感激之情，应该是听到，hear符合语境，故选A项。
A
“It was amazing to __13__ people's gratitude and to see their __14__ when they finally had food. This was one of the kindest moments I have ever __15__，” Casey recalled.
14．(　　)A.tiredness B．pressure
C．relief D．bravery
解析：句意同上。A.tiredness疲惫；B.pressure压力；C.relief宽慰，如释重负；D.bravery勇敢。根据下文“when they finally had food”可知，人们得到食物，应该是如释重负的表情，relief符合语境，故选C项。
C
“It was amazing to __13__ people's gratitude and to see their __14__ when they finally had food. This was one of the kindest moments I have ever __15__，” Casey recalled.
15．(　　)A.followed B．celebrated
C．searched D．witnessed
解析：句意同第13题。A.followed跟随；B.celebrated庆祝；C.searched搜索；D.witnessed目睹。根据上文“the kindest moments”可知，这里指Casey目睹了这一时刻，witnessed符合语境，故选D项。
D
课时作业50
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)
Long Haifen, from a mountainous village in Guizhou province, is now a freshman at Huazhong Agricultural University(HZAU). Ordinary as she may seem, she represents the strong bond between her hometown and the university, as well as the transformative power of education and sympathy.
In July 2002, Xu Benyu, then a junior student at HZAU, volunteered to teach in the rural areas of Guizhou. The following year, he gave up postgraduate studies and returned there, teaching at two schools for two years, including Long's elementary school. In 2005, HZAU established the “Benyu Volunteer Service Team”， engaging students annually to continue providing educational support.
In 2017, the 19th volunteer group, including Cao Yuanyuan and Li Zongqing, arrived at Long's school, Weimin Elementary School, which had 174 students from kindergarten to sixth grade but only six classrooms. The school was severely understaffed. Cao had to teach four subjects while Li managed 23 classes per week. Long and her classmates cherished the opportunity to learn and worked diligently.
The volunteers not only taught knowledge to Long but also developed her personal growth. They encouraged her to deliver speeches at the school's flag-raising ceremonies, helping to build her confidence. They also broadened her views beyond the mountains. In August 2017, Long participated in an educational trip to Beijing organized by the volunteers, which strengthened her courage to study outside the mountains and have access to better educational resources and a wider world.
Unfortunately, in 2020, her father was involved in a car accident, placing the family in financial difficulty. Hearing this, the volunteers quickly raised enough money, ensuring Long's following education. All these efforts paid off. Long was admitted to HZAU.
Looking ahead, Long is excited to welcome college life. She hopes to give back to society and become a volunteer like her teachers and help more children plant the seeds to grow and thrive.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了来自贵州山区的龙海芬在华中农业大学志愿者的帮助下最终走出大山的故事。
1．What can be learned about Xu Benyu？(　　)
A．He completed his master's degree later.
B．He founded Benyu Volunteer Service Team.
C．He once taught Long Haifen in the year 2002.
D．He volunteered in Guizhou for over two years.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In July 2002, Xu Benyu, then a junior student at HZAU, volunteered to teach in the rural areas of Guizhou…teaching at two schools for two years”可知，2002年徐本禹去贵州支教，第二年放弃研究生学习又在那里教学两年， 所以他在贵州志愿服务超过两年。故选D项。
D
2．What did Long's school badly need in 2017？(　　)
A．Enough school teachers.
B．More registered students.
C．Improvement in teaching.
D．More classrooms and grades.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The school was severely understaffed. Cao had to teach four subjects while Li managed 23 classes per week.”可知，2017年龙海芬所在的为民小学师资严重匮乏。故选A项。
A
3．What led Long Haifen to go to university？(　　)
A．HZAU's sympathy and attraction for her.
B．Encouragement and help from the volunteers.
C．Her family background and learning condition.
D.Her confidence and eagerness to leave her home.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容和第五段的“the volunteers quickly raised enough money, ensuring Long's following education”可知，志愿者不仅教龙海芬知识，还助力她的个人成长，如鼓励她在升旗仪式上演讲以帮助她建立自信，带她去北京参加研学以开阔她的眼界。在她父亲出车祸家庭经济困难时为她筹集资金。这些鼓励和帮助使她最终考上大学。故选B项。
B
4．What can we know about from the last paragraph？(　　)
A．More seeds will grow into plants.
B．Society will support Long's future life.
C．Long will work as a volunteer teacher.
D．Long will struggle to learn in the college.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She hopes to give back to society and become a volunteer like her teachers and help more children plant the seeds to grow and thrive.”可知，她希望像她的老师(志愿者)一样成为志愿者，帮助更多孩子。由此可知，她将从事志愿教师工作。故选C项。
C
B
(2025·广西柳州大联考)
Like a lot of Canadians, Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game—lacrosse (长曲棍球)，other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks.
It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (冰球)that he took much notice. His son, Jack, went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League.
Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse Club, in the Toronto area, which has been around since 1890. When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr Suboch, who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto, volunteered to step in. He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program, which introduced children ages 3 and 4 to the game.
Thanks to his sponsorship, more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks. They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt. “They are taught to catch, throw, pass and shoot，” he said.“You get them running around. Get them away from the screen. It is our national game，so you get them exposed. And sure enough, they caught on．”
To fund the program, Mr Suboch came up with a novel idea. He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances, metal and electronic items, such as computers and cellphones. He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre.“Word has gotten out，so people now will give me their used electronics and metal stuff，” he said. The recycling effort raises around $20，000 annually, which covers the cost of the lacrosse program.
Mr Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy. Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but “we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Andrew Suboch通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目，帮助更多孩子参与长曲棍球运动。
5．Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program？(　　)
A．His son asked him to support the game.
B．The kids' league faced declining participation.
C．He wanted to promote his own law firm.
D．He hoped to popularize a hockey organization.
B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr Suboch…volunteered to step in. He offered to sponsor the ‘Baby Peanut’ program”可知，2014年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时，Andrew Suboch 自愿介入，表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut”项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。故选B。
6．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean？(　　)
A．Learned the rules. B．Got injured.
C．Attracted donations. D．Became interested.
解析：词句猜测题。画线词前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线词所在句语境可知，此处表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。故选D。
D
7．How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program？(　　)
A．By organizing charity matches.
B．By collecting and selling used items.
C．By charging participation fees.
D．By raising money from the community.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“To fund the program, Mr Suboch came up with a novel idea…sold it to a local recycling centre.”可知，为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew想出了一个新奇的主意，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类，之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。故选B。
B
8．What can we learn about the program's impact？(　　)
A．It reduced screen time for children.
B．It increased waste sent to landfills.
C．It made lacrosse popular worldwide.
D．It created jobs for the local residents.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but ‘we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知，这个项目不仅减少了送往废弃物填埋场的垃圾，还让孩子们不沉迷于电子产品。由此可知，该项目的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕使用时间。故选A。
A
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·河南济洛平许四地教研联盟联考)
If you are a perfectionist, you follow high standards and always try to do everything well. 1(____)Researchers find pursuing perfection can have serious effects on mental health.
In a 2016 study, researchers studied the relationship between perfectionism and depression over time. 2(____)Although people may believe that their perfectionism contributes to their success, it seems to be harmful to their mental health.
Is perfectionism always harmful 3(____)Some suggest the possibility of adaptive perfectionism, where people stick to high standards without self-criticism of their own mistakes. However, others believe that perfectionism is not adaptive and they don't think it is beneficial.
So what can perfectionists do to change their behavior Psychologists point out that giving up on perfection does not necessarily mean less success. 4(____)A possible alternative to perfectionism is what psychologists call a growth mindset. Unlike those with a fixed mindset, those with a growth mindset believe that they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes.
5(____)To understand self-sympathy, think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake.It is likely that you will respond with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend is doing it out of good intentions.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了完美主义的危害和完美主义者应如何做出改变。
If you are a perfectionist, you follow high standards and always try to do everything well. 1(____)Researchers find pursuing perfection can have serious effects on mental health.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
答案分析
E
解析：空前提到如果你是一个完美主义者，你会遵循高标准而且总是试图把每件事做好；空后讲述研究人员发现追求完美可能会对精神健康产生严重影响。E项“高标准是一回事，但是完美主义是另外一回事。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
In a 2016 study, researchers studied the relationship between perfectionism and depression over time. 2(____)Although people may believe that their perfectionism contributes to their success, it seems to be harmful to their mental health.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
G
解析：根据空前内容可知，在2016年的一个研究中，研究人员研究了完美主义和抑郁之间的关系。空处可能会提到关系是什么。G项“他们发现高度的完美主义往往会加重抑郁。”讲述了研究发现的结果，符合语境。故选G项。
Is perfectionism always harmful 3(____)Some suggest the possibility of adaptive perfectionism, where people stick to high standards without self-criticism of their own mistakes. However, others believe that perfectionism is not adaptive and they don't think it is beneficial.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
B
解析：空前是一个问句：完美主义一直是有害的吗？空后又讲述了两拨人的观点，一些人支持，一些人反对，B项“心理学家们对于这个问题有激烈的讨论。”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
So what can perfectionists do to change their behavior Psychologists point out that giving up on perfection does not necessarily mean less success. 4(____)A possible alternative to perfectionism is what psychologists call a growth mindset. Unlike those with a fixed mindset, those with a growth mindset believe that they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
C
解析：根据该段首句可知，该段主要在讲完美主义者可以做出哪些改变。空前讲述心理学家指出放弃完美并不意味着成功会变少，故空处应该与放弃完美这一改变有关。C项“从长远角度来看，接受不完美确实有帮助。”既涉及改变建议，又承接上文进一步介绍放弃完美的好处，符合语境。故选C项。
5(____)To understand self-sympathy, think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake.It is likely that you will respond with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend is doing it out of good intentions.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
A
解析：空处为本段主旨句。空后提到为了理解自我同情，想一下如果你的一个亲近的朋友犯了错，你会如何做出反应。很有可能你知道你的朋友是出于好意，你表示善意和理解。A项“另外就是培养对自己的同情。”最能概括本段内容。故选A项。选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Integrity and Responsibility: Pillars of Trust
In a world where truths can 1.barely (adv. 几乎不)be distinguished from falsehood, the 2.keen (adj. 强烈的)sense of 3.integrity (n. 诚实正直)stands as a beacon. It's not just about speaking the truth but living on it, even when no one's watching. It's a silent 4.appointment (n. 约定)that even if you drop a 5.diamond (n. 钻石)in a room full of 6.garbage (n. 垃圾)，the 7.reliable (adj. 可靠的)person with integrity will not only pick it up but also ensure it's returned to its rightful owner.
8．Responsibility (n. 责任)，on the other hand, is the 9.burden (n. 重担)we willingly carry, not because we have to, but because it's the right thing to do. It's the 10.principle (n. 道德原则)that makes a person 11.pause (v. 停顿)before making a decision, ensuring it under the 12.guidance (n. 指导)of their moral compass. It's the voice that tells you to 13.resign (v. 辞职)from a 14.privileged (adj. 享有特权的)position which makes you feel 15.guilty (adj. 有罪的)and 16.ashamed (adj. 惭愧的)．
However, the path of integrity and responsibility is not always smooth. Temptations to 17.cheat (v. 欺骗)，to take shortcuts, or to 18.pretend (v. 假装)to be someone you're not are abundant. But those who stand firm in their values find that the rewards, though not always tangible, are 19.worthwhile (adj. 值得花时间的). They reap a 20.harvest (n. 成果)of trust, respect, and admiration, which no amount of money can buy.
In essence, while the world may 21.quote (v. 引用)various definitions of success, true success lies in the 22.virtue (n. 美德)of integrity and the sense of responsibility.
1 appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Mary had made an appointment with me to meet at the shopping center, but she failed to keep it.
②Yesterday, Sam was appointed as manager of the engineering department.
③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment (appoint)with the manager.
④(2023·北京卷)I turned up at the appointed (appoint)hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤昨天他被任命为大学校长，现在正在讲台上发表演讲。
→He was appointed as president of the university yesterday, and is giving a speech on the platform now.(appoint v．)
→Appointed as president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now.(分词短语作状语)
(1)make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 (2)appoint v. 任命，指派；约定，安排(日期、时间) appoint sb. as/to be… 任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事 (3)appointed adj. 被指定的，已安排的
[写作佳句]　I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.(读后续写之情景描写)
我被指定来负责安排那一天的所有活动。
2 resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Having stated his intention to resign from the company, Mr Lee left the hall angrily.
②Joe resigned as chairperson in 2025, and I took his place.
③He resigned (resign)yesterday largely because of the stories in the press.
④Don't be resigned (resign)to your fate, and don't feel guilty for standing up for what's important to you.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤如果你甘心接受令人不满的状况或事实，那是因为你意识到你无法改变而不得不接受它。
If you resign yourself to an unpleasant situation or fact, you accept it because you realize that you cannot change it.
⑥我写这封信是告诉您我决定辞掉现在这份工作。
I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position. (应用文写作之通知信)
(1)resign from 从……辞职 resign as 辞去……职务 resign from…as… 从……辞去……职务 resign oneself to (doing)sth. 听任；只好接受；顺从 (2)resigned adj. 逆来顺受的；顺从的 be resigned to (doing)sth. 屈服于(做)某事
[写作佳句]　I regret to inform you that I have resigned from my position as general manager due to personal reasons. (应用文写作之通知)
很遗憾地通知各位，由于私人原因，我已经辞去了总经理的职位。
3 ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①He was ashamed of not finishing his task before the deadline.
②It's a shame that you cannot make it to the party tonight.
③You should not be ashamed to admit (admit)your mistake, because it shows that you're better today than yesterday.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④我是如此羞愧，以至于感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。
→I was so ashamed that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(so…that…)
→So ashamed was I that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(so…that…倒装句)
(1)be ashamed of… 为……感到羞愧 be ashamed to do… 耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 (2)It's a shame that… ……是令人遗憾的事。
[写作佳句]　(2025·全国一卷)Ashamed and deeply regretful, I finally saw the situation from his perspective.
我很羞愧并深感遗憾，终于从他的角度来看待这件事。
4 forgive vt. & vi.(forgave，forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They forgave (forgive)him his rudeness and never argued with him.
②(2025·全国一卷)I realized nothing could replace understanding and forgiveness (forgive)between family members, which was most precious.
③After the argument, she displayed a forgiving (forgive)nature and apologized first.
④Forgive me for saying in the spirit of honesty and friendship that we don't believe you are doing enough to promote the global common good.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会中。
As is known to all, it's a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
(1)forgive sb./sth. 原谅某人/事 forgive sb. for (doing)sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事；免除某人的…… forgive and forget 不计前嫌 (2)forgiveness n. 原谅 forgiving adj. 宽宏大量的；宽容的
[写作佳句]　Please forgive my interrupting, but I really don't agree with that idea, for it is bad for our environment.
请原谅我打断你，但我真的不同意这个想法，因为它对我们的环境有害。
5 pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①She pretended to be reading (read)a novel when I came into the room.
②When his mother entered his room, he pretended to have fallen (fall)asleep.
③(2025·全国一卷)He pretended not to notice (notice)his brother's disappointment about the dog situation completely.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④当在学习中遇到困难时，我们应该有个好态度。不要不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning, we should have a good attitude. Don't pretend to know what you don't know．(应用文写作之建议信)
pretend to be＋n./adj. 假装是…… pretend (not)to do sth. 假装(不)做某事 pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done… 假装已做某事 pretend＋that从句 假装……
[写作佳句]　(2024·浙江1月卷)She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist. (心理描写)
她决定记住自己上课的地方，然后假装其他地方都不存在。
6 privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，特别优待
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege of introducing our speaker for tonight.
②No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged (privilege)minority.
③It is a privilege for me to have been invited to join the club.
④We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege to enter (enter)the ward freely.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于保护我们的环境的演讲。
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
(1)have the privilege to do sth./of doing sth. 有做某事的特权/很荣幸做某事 It is a privilege (for sb.)to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是荣幸的。 (2)privileged adj. 有特权的；荣幸的 be/feel privileged to do sth. 做某事是荣幸的
[写作佳句]　(2021·全国乙卷)I feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于如何成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。
7 mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We were told the picnic would be at the mercy of the weather.
②So cruel is the man that he never has mercy on whoever is against his opinion.
③Yet there were incidents that his merciful (mercy)side came through as well.
④You can give me down heavily, but not even think I would beg for mercy.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤尽管他们并不富裕，但他们对穷人表现出怜悯之心，只要有可能，他们总是愿意伸出援助之手。
Although they weren't well off, they showed mercy to the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.(读后续写之人物描写)
(1)at the mercy of 任由……摆布 without mercy 无情地 have mercy on 对……表示怜悯 show mercy to 对……表示同情 beg for mercy 乞求怜悯；乞求宽恕 (2)merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 be merciful to 对……仁慈
[写作佳句]　Our environment is being seriously damaged without mercy, such as water pollution and air pollution. (应用文写作之倡议书)
我们的环境正在被无情地严重破坏，比如水污染和空气污染。
8 arm in arm 臂挽着臂
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①We don't usually see eye to eye on many things.
②Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness.
③The firefighter, severely injured and losing contact with his fellows, stood on his feet and walked towards the exit step by step.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④他怀着内疚和羞愧的心情来到老师的办公室，当面乞求原谅。
Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher's office to beg for his forgiveness face to face．(读后续写之心理、动作描写)
hand in hand 手牵手 face to face 面对面 shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩 see eye to eye 看法一致 step by step 一步一步地
[写作佳句]　They fell into step, walking shoulder to shoulder with their heads bent against the rain.(读后续写之动作描写)
他们步伐一致，肩并肩低着头冒雨走着。
9 句型公式：however 引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be．
无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①In one's own home one can act however he wishes.
②However rich people are(无论人们有多富裕)，they always seem anxious to take more money.
③However hard you try(无论你多么努力)，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
④不论天多冷，他都在户外工作。
→No matter how cold it is, he still works outdoors.(no matter how)
→However cold it is, he still works outdoors.(however)
(1)however用作连接副词，相当于no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……；无论如何……”： ①however＋形容词＋主语＋系动词 ②however＋副词＋主语＋谓语 (2)however用作连词，连接独立分句，强调前后句的对比或矛盾。
[写作佳句]　He is able to catch every word the announcer says, however fast the latter may speak. (读后续写之情景描写)
不管广播员说得多快，他每个字都能听得清清楚楚。
10 句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材原句)Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Work harder and you will be (be)admitted to a key university.
②Respect yourself, or/otherwise no one else will respect you.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③If you work harder，you will make rapid progress in your studies.
→Work harder, and you will make rapid progress in your studies.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
→Working harder, you will make rapid progress in your studies.(现在分词短语作状语)
祈使句常见句型： (1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 (2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。 (3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more、another等词。
[写作佳句]　Keep on jogging, and you will benefit a lot from it.(应用文写作之建议信)
坚持慢跑，你会受益匪浅。
[查漏补缺]
1．The young man, suspected of committing a crime against the girl, was arrested and interviewed by the police.
2．She'd need all her strength and bravery to cope with what lay in store.
3．She has written many books, one of which is worthy of being read.
4．More police officers out on the beat may help to cut crime.
5．I was disappointed to find (find)that little Tom had cheated in the exam.
6．Most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation where we or someone else needs help.
7．While walking, he suddenly stopped and told the boy to pull out a small plant.
8．There was a time when many people went to California to make their (they)fortune.
9．To quit a job never means losing contact with your former colleagues.
10．To my disappointment，my cousin was arrested as a suspect.
1.be worthy of being done/to be done 某事值得做 2．pull out拔出 3．to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 4．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句 5．suspect sb. of (doing)sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事 6．on the beat在巡逻中 7．in store将要发生 8．be disappointed to do…因做……而失望 9．make one's fortune发财 10．lose contact with和……失去联系
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2024·全国甲卷)“People started queuing to make an appointment (appoint)early in the morning，” says Emile Ducke.
2．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed (disappoint)that the cubs weren't there.
3．In the end the contrary was proved true: he was innocent (innocence)and she was guilty.
4．Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up．
5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged (discourage)at times.
6．Parking lot owners should be legally (legal)responsible for protecting vehicles.
7．We were told when he was taken to hospital that his injuries were so severe that death would be merciful (mercy)to him.
8．It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
9．The relentless rise in unemployment will inevitably weigh on consumer sentiment.
10．(2025·八省联考)I felt ashamed (shame)of my initial fear and was truly grateful that I had decided to come.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．keen
A.adj. 热衷的，渴望的　B．adj. (兴趣或感情)强烈的；浓烈的　C．adj. 灵敏的；敏锐的
(1)As is known to all, dogs have a keen sense of smell.C
(2)Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, I am writing to introduce it to you in detail.B
(3)Hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey because they are keen to see rare birds at the destination.A
2．wrap
A.vt. 裹，包　B．vt. 用……缠绕或围紧　C．n. 包裹材料
(1)It was cold yesterday. He wrapped a scarf around his neck.B
(2)I'd like to wrap Christmas presents in pretty paper.A
(3)We stock a wide range of cards and gift wrap．C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Energy experts predict that limited resources on the earth are running out, which arrests many people's attention.v. 吸引，引起注意
点拨：arrest(熟义)n. 逮捕，拘捕 vt. 逮捕，拘捕。此处意为“吸引，引起注意”。
(2)He wrinkled his forehead, confused and worried by the strange event.v. (使)起皱纹；皱起
点拨：wrinkle(熟义)n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕。此处是动词，意为“(使)起皱纹；皱起”。
(3)The Great Wall of China is a superb example of ancient architecture, showcasing the magnificent power and grandeur of Imperial China.adj. 壮丽的，辉煌的
点拨：superb(熟义)adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的。此处意为“壮丽的，辉煌的”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，学校正在举行以“责任与诚信”为主题的英文演讲，请你写一篇演讲稿。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①如今，责任和诚信的原则比以往任何时候都更加重要。
Nowadays, the principles of responsibility and integrity are more crucial than ever．
②负责任意味着要承担我们行动的责任，并承认我们的错误。
To be responsible means to carry the burden of our actions, and to admit our faults．
③这是一项值得的努力。
It's a worthwhile endeavor．
④它为我们赢得了来自他人的信任和尊重的荣耀。
It earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others．
⑤诚信意味着不欺骗，不假装，要信守我们的言语和承诺。
Integrity means not to cheat, not to pretend, and to stand by our words and promises.
⑥它是每一段体面关系的基础。
It's the foundation of every decent relationship．
⑦责任和诚信都是基本的价值观。
Both responsibility and integrity are essential values．
⑧我们应该坚守这些基本的价值观。
We should stick to these essential values．
⑨让我们努力将这些价值观融入我们的日常生活中，并激励其他人也这样做。
Let's strive to include these values in our daily lives and inspire others to do the same．
Step 2句式升级
⑩将句③和句④用for连接起来
It's a worthwhile endeavor, for it earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others.
将句⑦和句⑧用定语从句连接起来
Both responsibility and integrity are essential values that we should stick to.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Ladies and gentlemen，
Nowadays, the principles of responsibility and integrity are more crucial than ever. To be responsible means to carry the burden of our actions, and to admit our faults. It's a worthwhile endeavor, for it earns us the privilege of trust and respect from others.
Integrity, means not to cheat, not to pretend, and to stand by our words and promises. It's the foundation of every decent relationship.
In conclusion, both responsibility and integrity are essential values that we should stick to. Let's strive to include these values in our daily lives and inspire others to do the same.
Thank you.
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
修辞之明喻
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
明喻是英语中常用的修辞手法，通过使用连接词like、as、as if、as though等，将两个不同事物进行直接比较，使描述更加生动形象。基本结构为：
●A＋be＋like＋B
●A＋be＋as＋形容词＋as＋B
●A＋动词＋like＋B
●A＋动词＋as if/as though＋句子
词块 1.as bright as the sun 像太阳一样明亮 2．like a rock 像岩石一样(坚固/稳定) 3．as fast as lightning 快如闪电 4．like a fish out of water 如鱼离水(不适应) 5．as quiet as a mouse 安静如鼠 6．as brave as a lion 勇敢如狮 7．as cold as ice 冷如冰 8．as busy as a bee 忙如蜜蜂 9．as white as snow 洁白如雪 10．as strong as an ox 强壮如牛
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．当他听到那个可怕的消息时，他的脸变得惨白如雪。(as…as…)
When he heard the terrible news, his face turned as white as snow．
2．面对困难时，他总是像岩石一样坚定不移地坚持自己的信念。(like)
When facing difficulties, he always stood like a rock, firmly holding onto his beliefs.
3．看到有人遇险，这位年轻的消防员快如闪电地冲过去帮忙。(as…as…)
Seeing someone in danger, the young firefighter rushed over as fast as lightning to help.
4．第一次参加国际会议，她感觉如鱼离水般不知所措，非常紧张。(like)
Attending her first international conference, she felt like a fish out of water and quite nervous.
5．比赛结束后，他喘着气，就好像刚跑完一场马拉松。(A＋动词＋as if/as though＋句子)
After the race, he was breathing as if he had just run a marathon．
任务2　语段表达
During the school sports day, everyone had different roles to play. The principal was 1.as busy as a bee (忙如蜜蜂)，rushing from one event to another to ensure everything ran smoothly. When the 100-meter race began, the fastest runner moved 2.as fast as lightning (快如闪电)across the track, leaving his competitors far behind. Meanwhile, the younger students sat in the stands, 3.as quiet as a mouse (安静如鼠)，watching the exciting competition with wide eyes. The school nurse stood nearby, 4.as brave as a lion (勇敢如狮)，ready to help any injured athletes. When the winning team celebrated, their joy was 5.as bright as the sun (像太阳一样明亮)，spreading happiness throughout the entire school.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
2．diamond n. 钻石
3．worthwhile adj. 值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
4．outline vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图
5．suspect vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得 n. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象
6．arrest n. & vt. 逮捕，拘捕
7．criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
8．anyhow adv. 不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地
9．principle n. 道德原则；法则；信条
10．decent adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的
11．resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
12．superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
13．forgive vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
14．cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊
15．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料
16．wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt. & vi. (使脸上)起皱纹，皱起
17．pretend vi. & vt. 假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为
18．phase n. 阶段，时期
19．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
20．fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点
21．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点
22．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整，完好
23．organic adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
24．garbage n. 垃圾；废话
25．saving n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金
26．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金，红利
27．sow vt. & vi. (sowed, sown)播种，种
28．harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt. & vi. 收割，捕猎
29．quote n. 引语 vt. & vi. 引用，引述；举例说明
二、拓展单词通变化
1．appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt. 约会；任命→appointed adj. 指定的；约定的
2．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi. 依靠；依赖
3．legal adj. 合法的；法律的→illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的→legally adv. 法律上，合法地→illegally adv. 违法地，非法地
4．guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n. 内疚；犯罪；有罪
5．ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
6．disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt. 使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望，沮丧
7．discouraged adj. 灰心的→discouraging adj. 使人灰心的，使人泄气的→discourage vt. 阻止，使气馁→discouragement n. 泄气，灰心
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．cigar n. 雪茄烟
2．eyebrow n. 眉毛
3．keen adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望；热切，热衷于
4．geophysicist n. 地球物理学家
5．ward n. 病房
6．substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的
7．embrace vt. & vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱
8．likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且
9．starfish n. 海星，星鱼
10．scar n. 伤疤；(精神上的)创伤；污点
11．rejoice vi. & vt. 非常高兴，深感欣喜
12．burden n. (责任、义务等的)重担，负担
13．pause vi. 停顿，暂停 n. 停顿，停顿的时间
四、重点短语明搭配
1．tear down 拆毁，拆除
2．make one's fortune 发财
3．lose contact 失去联系
4．arm in arm 臂挽着臂
5．under arrest 被逮捕
6．pull out 离开，撤离；拔出
7．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置；对……无能为力
8．in store 贮藏着；要发生
五、教材佳句会运用
1．一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。(介词短语位于句首的完全倒装结构)
In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.
2．无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。(however引导让步状语从句)
Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be．
3．今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The man has been arrested (拘捕)and is being questioned at the police station now.
2．The nurse we talked to just now is in charge of three different wards (病房)．
3．People making friends online are afraid of getting cheated (欺骗)．
4．There are 11 other minerals (矿物质)that are contained in the salt water of the ocean.
5．The nurse carried in a baby wrapped (包)up in a warm blanket.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The father could barely (bare)contain his anger when hearing the news that his son was suspended from the school due to misbehavior.
2．The police had to employ force to enter the building because the criminal (crime)had locked the gate.
3．Everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable (rely)and easy to get on with.
4．The captain asked his members to be merciful (mercy)to the villagers.
5．(2025·全国一卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your “guidance (guide)” till they lose.
Ⅲ.选词填空
arm in arm; under arrest; tear down; make one's fortune; at the mercy of
1．There are several main reasons why old buildings should be torn down and replaced by new ones.
2．The smart man made his fortune by dealing with software.
3．The profession is very much at the mercy of the market place.
4．He walked from the court arm in arm with his wife.
5．It is reported that the driver of the truck, considered to be fully responsible for the accident, has been under arrest．
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．农场前流淌着一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。(介词短语位于句首的完全倒装结构)
In front of the farm flows a small river which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
2．不管玛丽多忙，她每天都会留出一些时间锻炼。(however引导让步状语从句)
However busy Mary is, she will set aside some time for exercise every day.
3．比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Compare the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.
课时作业49
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2026·安徽六校联考)
Born on May 12, 1820, into a wealthy British family, Florence Nightingale went against social expectations to become the founder of modern nursing. At a time when women were expected to focus on household duties, her father prioritized her education. She mastered languages like Latin, Greek, French, and German, and engaged in philosophical debates with her father. This exceptional background shaped her critical thinking and determination.
At 30, Florence pursued nursing—a profession then viewed as low-status—despite her parents' disapproval. After training in Germany, she began working at a London hospital in 1853.Her most significant contribution came during the Crimean War (1853－1856). Initially, the British government banned nurses from treating soldiers, resulting in terrible medical conditions and many soldiers' death in army hospitals. Public anger, fueled by journalist William Howard Russell's reports, forced officials to act. Florence was chosen to lead a team of nurses in Crimea.
Arriving at the military hospital, she faced chaos: overcrowded wards, poor cleanliness, and limited supplies. Florence reorganized the hospital, emphasizing cleanliness, proper nutrition, and efficient care. She tirelessly walked the wards at night with a lamp, comforting soldiers and earning the nickname “The Lady with the Lamp”. Her reforms reduced death rates dramatically, proving the value of skilled nursing.
After the war, Florence used statistics to advocate healthcare reforms. She created detailed charts showing how improved hygiene (卫生)saved lives, influencing England's public health policies. Additionally, she challenged gender stereotypes, arguing that women deserved equal opportunities in education and work. Though her parents initially opposed her career, her achievements silenced critics and reshaped societal views on nursing.
Florence Nightingale's legacy continues as an example of perseverance and innovation. Her life teaches that courage, knowledge, and empathy can drive great change. Today, nurses worldwide honor her as a role model, carrying forward her spirit of service and dedication to humanity.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了现代护理学奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的生平与成就。
1．What can we learn about Florence from the first paragraph？(　C　)
A．She preferred traditional female roles.
B．She was taught Greek by her father.
C．She had a good educational background.
D．She struggled with financial difficulties.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段At a time when women were expected…critical thinking and determination.可知，她父亲重视她的教育，她掌握多种语言并参与哲学辩论，拥有良好的教育背景。故选C项。
2．Why did Florence go to Crimea during the war？(　B　)
A．To escape from her family's pressure.
B．To provide medical support for soldiers.
C．To gain military experience for future use.
D．To answer the call of the Crimean officials.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Her most significant contribution…lead a team of nurses in Crimea.可推知，弗洛伦斯被选中带领护士团队前往，目的是为士兵提供医疗支持。故选B项。
3．Why was Florence called “The Lady with the Lamp”？(　C　)
A.She designed a new type of lamp for hospitals.
B.She used a lamp to study medical charts at night.
C.She carried a lamp to walk the wards during the night.
D.She taught nurses to use lamps for emergency surgery.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段She tirelessly walked the wards…nickname “The Lady with the Lamp”可知，她在夜晚提着灯在病房巡视，因此被称为“提灯女神”。故选C项。
4．What is the basis of Florence's success in nursing？(　A　)
A．Her determination and innovative approach.
B．Her family's selfless financial support.
C．The soldiers' gratitude to and respect for her.
D．The full cooperation of the British government.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔不顾父母反对坚持从事护理工作，在克里米亚战争中面对混乱的医院状况，通过创新方式，如强调清洁、营养和高效护理等进行改革，降低死亡率。由此推知，她的坚持和创新方法是成功的基础。故选A项。
(2025·四川成都模拟)
It's 3：00 am, and photographer Yang Dong stands along the rugged expanse of the Great Wall at Jinshanling, Hebei province. His camera, set and ready, waits patiently for the first sunlight to uncover the breathtaking scenery of rolling clouds.
Yang was born in 1992 at the foot of the Tiger Mountain section of the Great Wall in Dandong, Liaoning province. The Great Wall planted a seed in his memories from a very young age. In 2013, Yang started his photography career, and it was in September 2015, during a climb up the Jinshanling section, that he found himself awe-struck by the fantastic scenery of the Great Wall amidst the clouds and determined to use his camera to capture and preserve this heritage.
Photographing the Great Wall is not merely an artistic pursuit; it is a journey of patience, perseverance and emotional connection. As many parts of the Great Wall were built on mountains, his pursuit of ideal shooting points often involves carrying heavy equipment through dense forests and steep slopes, and he has to handle unpredictable weather conditions.
Yang recalled a particularly challenging experience in December 2018 at Jiayuguan, Gansu province, where he endured a 22-hour train journey to capture the Great Wall in the snow. In temperatures as low as －29℃， his electronic devices rapidly lost power, and his tablet computer used to control the shooting drone failed. To avoid missing the perfect moment, Yang used his body heat to restart the devices. His efforts paid off—he captured a striking photograph.
Since 2019, Yang has set his sights on an aspiring project: Capturing the snow-covered landscapes of the 13 significant passes of the Great Wall. Spanning from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, these 13 passes cover vast geographical areas.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师杨东在长城上进行摄影的经历和挑战，包括他如何开始摄影生涯、在拍摄过程中遇到的困难以及他目前正在进行的一个摄影项目。
5．What can we know about Yang Dong from paragraph 1？(　B　)
A．He is addicted to traveling.
B．He is patient and committed.
C．He has a deep passion for steep slopes.
D．He is fascinated by the midnight scenery.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，他架好相机耐心等待第一缕阳光来展现云海美景，体现了他的耐心；同时他为了拍摄长城在凌晨就做好准备，也显示出他对拍摄长城的决心。故选B项。
6．What made Yang Dong decide to conserve the heritage of the Great Wall？(　C　)
A．His talent in photographing.
B．His photographing career in 2013.
C．His climbing experience in 2015.
D．His memory of it at a young age.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段In 2013, Yang started his photography career…capture and preserve this heritage.可知，2015年他攀登金山岭长城时被云海中长城的绝美景色震撼，从而决定用相机捕捉并保护这一遗产。故选C项。
7．Why is Yang Dong's experience at Jiayuguan mentioned in paragraph 4？(　D　)
A.To stress the importance of devices in photographing.
B.To recall his challenging experience in photographing.
C.To emphasize his success in capturing satisfying photographs.
D.To show the difficulty and his perseverance in photographing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，他在嘉峪关拍摄时经历长时间火车旅程、零下29摄氏度低温导致设备没电等困难，并用身体暖热设备以抓住拍摄时机，这展示了拍摄的困难以及他的坚持。故选D项。
8．What does the underlined word “aspiring” mean in the last paragraph？(　A　)
A．Ambitious. B．Enjoyable.
C．Dangerous. D．Unreachable.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句及下一句可知，杨东计划拍摄长城13个重要关隘的雪景，这些关隘从东到西跨度很大，涵盖广阔的地理区域。完成这样的项目需要付出很多努力，是一个雄心壮志的计划。选项A“ambitious”意为“有雄心的，有抱负的”，与此相符。故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2026·河北A9联盟联考)
A couple from Maryland were stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold on a Virginia highway without food. As the hours passed, they grew __1__ hungry and discouraged.
After nearly 21 hours of being __2__ on 95 South, Casey and her husband John slept there overnight, not having __3__ to food or water. At that time, they __4__ a Schmidt Baking Co. truck ahead of them. “Many of the people stuck out here had small children or were elderly, and they hadn't eaten for almost an entire day，” Casey said. __5__ for help, they decided to __6__ Schmidt Bakery to see if they could provide some much-needed __7__ for them, as well as others in the same predicament (困境)．
“I didn't think it would actually work，” said Casey, who __8__ a message with customer service. But to their __9__， 20 minutes later, they actually got help from Chuck Paterakis, the __10__ of the bakery. He told them to __11__ the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to __12__ bread. The couple joined Ron in delivering the bread, and soon others joined in, resulting in about 300 loaves being handed out.
“It was amazing to __13__ people's gratitude and to see their __14__ when they finally had food. This was one of the kindest moments I have ever __15__，” Casey recalled.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一对夫妇在弗吉尼亚公路滞留近21小时，饥寒交迫。他们联系施密特面包店求助，意外获老板相助，司机分发面包，众人受益，夫妇目睹这一暖心时刻。
1．(　B　)A.equally　　　　　 B．increasingly
C．eagerly D．simply
解析：句意：随着时间的流逝，他们越来越饥饿和沮丧。A.equally平等地；B.increasingly越来越多地，逐渐增加地；C.eagerly急切地；D.simply简单地。根据上文“As the hours passed”可知，随着时间推移，饥饿和沮丧的程度在增加，increasingly符合语境，故选B项。
2．(　C　)A.available B．inspired
C．stuck D．strange
解析：句意：在95号州际公路南段被困近21个小时后，Casey和她的丈夫John在那里过夜，无法获得食物和水。A.available可获得的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.stuck被困住的；D.strange奇怪的。根据上文“A couple from Maryland were stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold on a Virginia highway without food.”可知，他们是被困在路上，stuck符合语境，故选C项。
3．(　A　)A.access B．addiction
C．adaptation D．reaction
解析：句意同上。A.access接触的机会；B.addiction上瘾；C.adaptation适应；D.reaction反应。根据上文“stranded (被滞留的)in the freezing cold”可知，被困在公路上，所以这里指没有机会获得食物和水，access符合语境，have access to“有机会获得”。故选A项。
4．(　A　)A.spotted B．chose
C．accepted D．described
解析：句意：就在那时，他们发现前方有一辆施密特烘焙公司的卡车。A.spotted发现；B.chose选择；C.accepted接受；D.described描述。根据下文“Schmidt Baking Co. truck ahead of them”可知，他们看到了前方的卡车，spotted符合语境，故选A项。
5．(　C　)A.Suitable B．Ideal
C．Desperate D．Thankful
解析：句意：由于极度渴望得到帮助，他们决定联系施密特面包店，看看面包店是否能为他们以及其他处于同样困境的人提供一些急需的食物。A.Suitable合适的；B.Ideal理想的；C.Desperate渴望的；D.Thankful感激的。根据上文“hungry and discouraged”可知，他们极度渴望得到帮助，Desperate符合语境，故选C项。
6．(　B　)A.open B．contact
C．question D．warn
解析：句意同上。A.open打开；B.contact联系；C.question询问；D.warn警告。根据下文“a message with customer service”可知，他们是联系面包店，contact符合语境，故选B项。
7．(　B　)A.equipment B．food
C．clothing D．advice
解析：句意同第5题。A.equipment设备；B.food食物；C.clothing衣服；D.advice建议。根据上文“hungry”可知，他们急需食物，food符合语境，故选B项。
8．(　D　)A.translated B．complained
C．recited D．left
解析：句意：Casey说：“我没想到这真的会有用。”她给客服留了一条信息。A.translated翻译；B.complained抱怨；C.recited背诵；D.left留下。根据下文“a message with customer service”可知，这里指Casey给客服留言，leave a message“留言”，left符合语境，故选D项。
9．(　A　)A.surprise B．regret
C．disappointment D．honor
解析：句意：但令他们惊讶的是，20分钟后，他们真的得到了面包店老板Chuck Paterakis的帮助。A.surprise惊讶；B.regret后悔；C.disappointment失望；D.honor荣誉。根据上文“I didn't think it would actually work”可知，得到帮助让他们很惊讶，surprise符合语境，故选A项。
10．(　C　)A.sponsor B．cook
C．owner D．customer
解析：句意同上。A.sponsor赞助商；B.cook厨师；C.owner主人，老板；D.customer顾客。根据下文“He told them to…Ron, who had been authorized to…”可知，Chuck Paterakis是能授权司机分发面包的老板，owner符合语境，故选C项。
11．(　B　)A.protect B．approach
C．rescue D．trust
解析：句意：他告诉他们去找卡车司机Ron，Ron已被授权分发面包。A.protect保护；B.approach靠近，找……帮忙；C.rescue营救；D.trust信任。根据下文“the truck driver, Ron, who had been authorized to…bread”可知，老板让他们去找司机，approach符合语境，故选B项。
12．(　D　)A.call off B．look into
C．focus on D．hand out
解析：句意同上。A.call off取消；B.look into调查；C.focus on专注于；D.hand out分发。根据下文“about 300 loaves being handed out”可知，是分发面包，hand out符合语境，故选D项。
13．(　A　)A.hear B．exchange
C．predict D．prevent
解析：句意：Casey回忆说：“听到人们的感谢，看到他们最终有食物时如释重负的样子，真是太棒了。这是我见过的最善良的时刻之一。”A.hear听到；B.exchange交换；C.predict预测；D.prevent阻止。根据下文“people's gratitude”以及常识可知，人们表达感激之情，应该是听到，hear符合语境，故选A项。
14．(　C　)A.tiredness B．pressure
C．relief D．bravery
解析：句意同上。A.tiredness疲惫；B.pressure压力；C.relief宽慰，如释重负；D.bravery勇敢。根据下文“when they finally had food”可知，人们得到食物，应该是如释重负的表情，relief符合语境，故选C项。
15．(　D　)A.followed B．celebrated
C．searched D．witnessed
解析：句意同第13题。A.followed跟随；B.celebrated庆祝；C.searched搜索；D.witnessed目睹。根据上文“the kindest moments”可知，这里指Casey目睹了这一时刻，witnessed符合语境，故选D项。
课时作业50
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)
Long Haifen, from a mountainous village in Guizhou province, is now a freshman at Huazhong Agricultural University(HZAU). Ordinary as she may seem, she represents the strong bond between her hometown and the university, as well as the transformative power of education and sympathy.
In July 2002, Xu Benyu, then a junior student at HZAU, volunteered to teach in the rural areas of Guizhou. The following year, he gave up postgraduate studies and returned there, teaching at two schools for two years, including Long's elementary school. In 2005, HZAU established the “Benyu Volunteer Service Team”， engaging students annually to continue providing educational support.
In 2017, the 19th volunteer group, including Cao Yuanyuan and Li Zongqing, arrived at Long's school, Weimin Elementary School, which had 174 students from kindergarten to sixth grade but only six classrooms. The school was severely understaffed. Cao had to teach four subjects while Li managed 23 classes per week. Long and her classmates cherished the opportunity to learn and worked diligently.
The volunteers not only taught knowledge to Long but also developed her personal growth. They encouraged her to deliver speeches at the school's flag-raising ceremonies, helping to build her confidence. They also broadened her views beyond the mountains. In August 2017, Long participated in an educational trip to Beijing organized by the volunteers, which strengthened her courage to study outside the mountains and have access to better educational resources and a wider world.
Unfortunately, in 2020, her father was involved in a car accident, placing the family in financial difficulty. Hearing this, the volunteers quickly raised enough money, ensuring Long's following education. All these efforts paid off. Long was admitted to HZAU.
Looking ahead, Long is excited to welcome college life. She hopes to give back to society and become a volunteer like her teachers and help more children plant the seeds to grow and thrive.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了来自贵州山区的龙海芬在华中农业大学志愿者的帮助下最终走出大山的故事。
1．What can be learned about Xu Benyu？(　D　)
A．He completed his master's degree later.
B．He founded Benyu Volunteer Service Team.
C．He once taught Long Haifen in the year 2002.
D．He volunteered in Guizhou for over two years.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“In July 2002, Xu Benyu, then a junior student at HZAU, volunteered to teach in the rural areas of Guizhou…teaching at two schools for two years”可知，2002年徐本禹去贵州支教，第二年放弃研究生学习又在那里教学两年， 所以他在贵州志愿服务超过两年。故选D项。
2．What did Long's school badly need in 2017？(　A　)
A．Enough school teachers.
B．More registered students.
C．Improvement in teaching.
D．More classrooms and grades.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The school was severely understaffed. Cao had to teach four subjects while Li managed 23 classes per week.”可知，2017年龙海芬所在的为民小学师资严重匮乏。故选A项。
3．What led Long Haifen to go to university？(　B　)
A．HZAU's sympathy and attraction for her.
B．Encouragement and help from the volunteers.
C．Her family background and learning condition.
D.Her confidence and eagerness to leave her home.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容和第五段的“the volunteers quickly raised enough money, ensuring Long's following education”可知，志愿者不仅教龙海芬知识，还助力她的个人成长，如鼓励她在升旗仪式上演讲以帮助她建立自信，带她去北京参加研学以开阔她的眼界。在她父亲出车祸家庭经济困难时为她筹集资金。这些鼓励和帮助使她最终考上大学。故选B项。
4．What can we know about from the last paragraph？(　C　)
A．More seeds will grow into plants.
B．Society will support Long's future life.
C．Long will work as a volunteer teacher.
D．Long will struggle to learn in the college.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“She hopes to give back to society and become a volunteer like her teachers and help more children plant the seeds to grow and thrive.”可知，她希望像她的老师(志愿者)一样成为志愿者，帮助更多孩子。由此可知，她将从事志愿教师工作。故选C项。
(2025·广西柳州大联考)
Like a lot of Canadians, Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game—lacrosse (长曲棍球)，other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks.
It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (冰球)that he took much notice. His son, Jack, went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League.
Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse Club, in the Toronto area, which has been around since 1890. When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr Suboch, who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto, volunteered to step in. He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program, which introduced children ages 3 and 4 to the game.
Thanks to his sponsorship, more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks. They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt. “They are taught to catch, throw, pass and shoot，” he said.“You get them running around. Get them away from the screen. It is our national game，so you get them exposed. And sure enough, they caught on．”
To fund the program, Mr Suboch came up with a novel idea. He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances, metal and electronic items, such as computers and cellphones. He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre.“Word has gotten out，so people now will give me their used electronics and metal stuff，” he said. The recycling effort raises around $20，000 annually, which covers the cost of the lacrosse program.
Mr Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy. Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but “we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Andrew Suboch通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目，帮助更多孩子参与长曲棍球运动。
5．Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program？(　B　)
A．His son asked him to support the game.
B．The kids' league faced declining participation.
C．He wanted to promote his own law firm.
D．He hoped to popularize a hockey organization.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr Suboch…volunteered to step in. He offered to sponsor the ‘Baby Peanut’ program”可知，2014年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时，Andrew Suboch 自愿介入，表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut”项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。故选B。
6．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean？(　D　)
A．Learned the rules. B．Got injured.
C．Attracted donations. D．Became interested.
解析：词句猜测题。画线词前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线词所在句语境可知，此处表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。故选D。
7．How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program？(　B　)
A．By organizing charity matches.
B．By collecting and selling used items.
C．By charging participation fees.
D．By raising money from the community.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“To fund the program, Mr Suboch came up with a novel idea…sold it to a local recycling centre.”可知，为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew想出了一个新奇的主意，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类，之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。故选B。
8．What can we learn about the program's impact？(　A　)
A．It reduced screen time for children.
B．It increased waste sent to landfills.
C．It made lacrosse popular worldwide.
D．It created jobs for the local residents.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but ‘we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知，这个项目不仅减少了送往废弃物填埋场的垃圾，还让孩子们不沉迷于电子产品。由此可知，该项目的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕使用时间。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·河南济洛平许四地教研联盟联考)
If you are a perfectionist, you follow high standards and always try to do everything well. 1(____)Researchers find pursuing perfection can have serious effects on mental health.
In a 2016 study, researchers studied the relationship between perfectionism and depression over time. 2(____)Although people may believe that their perfectionism contributes to their success, it seems to be harmful to their mental health.
Is perfectionism always harmful 3(____)Some suggest the possibility of adaptive perfectionism, where people stick to high standards without self-criticism of their own mistakes. However, others believe that perfectionism is not adaptive and they don't think it is beneficial.
So what can perfectionists do to change their behavior Psychologists point out that giving up on perfection does not necessarily mean less success. 4(____)A possible alternative to perfectionism is what psychologists call a growth mindset. Unlike those with a fixed mindset, those with a growth mindset believe that they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes.
5(____)To understand self-sympathy, think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake.It is likely that you will respond with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend is doing it out of good intentions.
A．Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B．Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C.In the long run, accepting imperfection can actually help.
D.Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E．High standards are one thing, but perfectionism is another.
F．The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G.They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了完美主义的危害和完美主义者应如何做出改变。
1．E　解析：空前提到如果你是一个完美主义者，你会遵循高标准而且总是试图把每件事做好；空后讲述研究人员发现追求完美可能会对精神健康产生严重影响。E项“高标准是一回事，但是完美主义是另外一回事。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
2．G　解析：根据空前内容可知，在2016年的一个研究中，研究人员研究了完美主义和抑郁之间的关系。空处可能会提到关系是什么。G项“他们发现高度的完美主义往往会加重抑郁。”讲述了研究发现的结果，符合语境。故选G项。
3．B　解析：空前是一个问句：完美主义一直是有害的吗？空后又讲述了两拨人的观点，一些人支持，一些人反对，B项“心理学家们对于这个问题有激烈的讨论。”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
4．C　解析：根据该段首句可知，该段主要在讲完美主义者可以做出哪些改变。空前讲述心理学家指出放弃完美并不意味着成功会变少，故空处应该与放弃完美这一改变有关。C项“从长远角度来看，接受不完美确实有帮助。”既涉及改变建议，又承接上文进一步介绍放弃完美的好处，符合语境。故选C项。
5．A　解析：空处为本段主旨句。空后提到为了理解自我同情，想一下如果你的一个亲近的朋友犯了错，你会如何做出反应。很有可能你知道你的朋友是出于好意，你表示善意和理解。A项“另外就是培养对自己的同情。”最能概括本段内容。故选A项。

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