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(共147张PPT)
选择性必修第四册　
Unit 2　Understanding each other
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Communication and Understanding：Bridging Gaps
In a world that's increasingly interconnected, the art of 1.communication (n. 沟通)is more vital than ever. It's not just about sending a 2.mail (n. 邮件)or getting 3.reaction (n. 回应). It's about understanding and being understood, a two-way street that requires both parties to be 4.competent (adj. 有能力的)and willing to 5.negotiate (v. 协商)．
communication
mail
reaction
competent
negotiate
Imagine an 6.enterprise (n. 公司)where employees communicate in a 7.straightforward (adj. 坦诚的)manner, minimizing 8.embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的)9.frictions (n. 争执，摩擦)and misunderstandings. They 10.clarify (v. 澄清)doubts, are 11.knowledgeable (adj. 有见识的)about their roles, and show 12.sympathy (n. 理解，赞同)when needed. The 13.tone (n. 语气)of their conversations is respectful, 14.intending (v. 想要)to 15.gain (v. 获得)trust and build strong relationships.
enterprise
straightforward
embarrassing
frictions
clarify
knowledgeable
sympathy
tone
intending
gain
However, effective communication is not just about speaking 16.precisely (adv. 准确地)and 17.fluently (adv. 流利地). It's also about expanding one's 18.vocabulary (n. 词汇量)，understanding different 19.accents (n. 口音)，and even recognizing 20.handwriting (n. 笔迹)at times. It's about being willing to 21.cooperate (v. 合作)，to 22.cite (v. 引用)23.suitable (adj. 适合的)sources when presenting facts, and to 24.integrate (v. 合并，整合)diverse perspectives.
precisely
fluently
vocabulary
accents
handwriting
cooperate
cite
suitable
integrate
For instance, if one person talks about a 25.skateboard (n. 滑板)and another talks about a 26.canteen (n. 餐厅)，they might seem unrelated. But in a conversation about a school, both can be relevant. It's like building a 27.fence (n. 栅栏)—each plank, though individual, contributes to the whole structure.
In essence, communication is not a 28.contest (n. 比赛)to see who speaks the loudest or the most. It's about listening 29.sincerely (adv. 真诚地)，understanding, and responding in a 30.gentle (adj. 温和的)and informed manner. It's the bridge that connects diverse minds, fostering unity in diversity.
skateboard
canteen
fence
contest
sincerely
gentle
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 react vi. (对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/语段填空
①As the knowledgeable expert says, children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
②Most people present at the meeting reacted angrily to the strategy，which they thought was somewhat cruel and would even produce a series of bad reactions(react)．At last，the strategy was not approved.
A
重难考点
against
to
reactions
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。
We have no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear's attack. (读后续写之动作描写)

in reaction to
知识归纳
(1)react to 对……作出反应
react with 与……起(化学)反应
react against 反对；反抗；反叛
(2)reaction n. 反应；回应
in reaction to 以应对
[写作佳句]　The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water，from which we gain a lot.
这个实验显示了铁如何与空气和水发生反应，从中我们收获了很多。
2 sympathy n. 同情；赞同
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Did he get tired？Have doubts？Did he want to quit？I sympathized (sympathy)immediately.
②He looked at the little girl sympathetically (sympathy)and gave her 10 yuan.
③(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic (sympathy)to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
sympathized
sympathetically
sympathetic
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④每个人不仅应该对残疾人表示同情，还应给予他们生存下去所需要的极大的鼓励和帮助。
Everybody should not only show sympathy for the people with disability but give them great encouragement and help needed to live on. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
⑤出于同情，布莱克太太给了这位可怜的老人一些钱。
Out of sympathy, Mrs Black gave some money to the poor old man.(读后续写之情景描写)
show sympathy for
Out of sympathy,
知识归纳
(1)show/feel sympathy for sb. 向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情
have (no)sympathy for 对某人(不)同情
in sympathy with 赞同；和……一致
out of sympathy with 不赞成，不支持
out of sympathy (for)出于(对……的)同情
(2)sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的
be sympathetic to sb./sth. 支持某人/赞同某事
(3)sympathetically adv. 同情地
(4)sympathize v. 同情；赞同
[写作佳句]　I am sure he will be in sympathy with your proposal. (应用文写作之劝告信)
我确信他一定赞成你的提议。
3 approve vi. & vt. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2025·全国一卷)I hope you will approve of my choice of “Fun at my school” as it better reflects our campus life.
②I approve of your trying (try)to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
③She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove(approve)．
④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval (approve)section signed.
of
trying
disapprove
approval
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve)
→We would be grateful if you could give your approval to our proposal．(approval)
approve our proposal
give your approval to our
proposal
知识归纳
(1)approve of 赞成，赞同
approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth. 同意某人做某事
approve sth. 批准，通过(计划、要求等)
(2)disapprove vi. 不同意
(3)approval n. 赞成；批准
give one's approval to同意；批准
(4)disapproval n. 反对；不赞成
[写作佳句]　With a negative expression, he implied his disapproval to the proposal.
他以一个否定的表情暗示对提案的不赞成。
4 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I found a lot to be embarrassed at/about．
②To his embarrassment, he then had to call his wife and have her bring him some money.
③(2024·新课标卷)Embarrassed (embarrass)and frustrated，I apologized，“Well, I guess today is just not my day. I am so sorry.”
④They were my friends, and I just didn't want to embarrass(embarrass)them publicly.
⑤(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)At that moment, it seemed that he sensed my embarrassment (embarrass)．
at/about
To
Embarrassed
to
embarrass
embarrassment
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥李小姐发现自己处于尴尬的境地，她不知道该支持哪一方。
Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position where she didn't know which side she should support.(读后续写之心理描写)
found herself in an embarrassing position
知识归纳
(1)be embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬
be embarrassed at/about sth. 因……尴尬
(2)embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的(或难堪的、惭愧的)
(3)embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使窘迫
(4)embarrassment n. 窘迫；愧疚
to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)His smile gave way to a look of concern. An embarrassing silence fell between us.(神情、情景描写)
他的笑容变成了担心的表情。我们之间出现了尴尬的沉默。
5 correspond vi. 符合，相一致；类似于；通信
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I used to correspond with my friends by letters while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.
②Surprisingly, this linguist's opinion on effective communication isn't in correspondence (correspond)with what we previously thought.
with
correspondence
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一样。
→What she has just said doesn't correspond to/with the views of the majority. (correspond)
→What she has just said isn't in correspondence with the views of the majority. (correspondence)
doesn't correspond to/with
isn't in correspondence with
知识归纳
(1)correspond with/to sth.
与……一致/相符合
correspond with sb. 与……通信
(2)correspondence n. 信件；通信
in correspondence with…
与……通信；和……一致
[写作佳句]　Only when what you do corresponds with what you say can you make better relationships with others. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。
6 behave vi.& vt. 表现；表现得体，有礼貌
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·北京卷)Dishonest and violent behaviours (behave)were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.
②He behaved well to/towards me since I married him.

behaviours
to/towards
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③建议参加宴会时，你应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。
It is suggested that you (should)behave yourself when attending feasts. As a well-behaved guest, you shouldn't stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them.(应用文写作之建议信)
behave yourself
well-behaved
知识归纳
(1)behave oneself
行为规矩；表现得体；检点
behave well/badly to/towards sb.
对待某人好/差
(2)well-behaved/badly-behaved adj. 表现好/差的
(3)behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；表现方式
(4)behavioural adj. 行为的，行为上的
[写作佳句]　(2023·北京卷)A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues (刺激)with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
人们认为，一个人在追求目标的过程中，通过开始将某些刺激与有助于实现目标的行为反应联系起来，从而形成一种习惯。
7 for instance 例如
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①For instance/example, they know their strengths when pursuing a goal.
②The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.
③In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick apology.
For
of
In
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④他们在一些日常的事情当中也可以帮你一把，例如在你去医院检查时出现。
They also assist with daily issues, such as getting to a hospital check-up. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
such as getting to a hospital check-
up
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　I would recommend using a different approach in this instance. (应用文写作之建议信)
在这种情况下，我建议采用不同的方法。
for example 例如
such as 例如
an instance of ……的实例
in this instance 在此情况下
8 句型公式：no sooner…than… 一……就……
(教材原句)No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.
我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No sooner had I learned/learnt about the exciting news than I froze there，unable to believe my ears.
②Hardly had (have)she sat when she heard someone knocking at the door.
than
had
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③He had no sooner arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us，which accounted for my appreciation.
→No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us，which accounted for my appreciation.(倒装句)

No sooner had he arrived in Beijing
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hardly had David arrived at the finish line when all the teachers and classmates cheered for him. (读后续写之情景描写)
大卫刚到达终点线，所有的老师和同学就都为他欢呼喝彩。
(1)no sooner…than…引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。
(2)no sooner位于句首时，表示强调，主句要部分倒装，而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有 hardly…when…。
9 句型公式：the＋比较级，the＋比较级
(教材原句)The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本地语言。
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under, the better your performance will be (你的表现就越好)．
②(2025·全国一卷)The more I reflected, the heavier my guilt grew (越觉得内疚)．
③The sooner (越早)，the better.
the better
your performance will be
the heavier my guilt grew
The sooner
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④你卖的票越多，挣的钱就会越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will earn.
The more tickets
the more money
知识归纳
(1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句。在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。
(3)此结构可以用省略形式。
[写作佳句]　(2023·北京卷)Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary.
研究表明，教师花在教学上的时间越多，他们的工资就越低。
[查漏补缺]
1．Under this circumstance, we have no choice but to cancel the event.
2．The middle-aged woman refused to tolerate being called (call)a thief and said she didn't steal anything in the supermarket.
3．I must say I have a strong preference for cycling to go to work.
4．(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻)that are familiar to us.
B
拾遗考点
Under
being called
for
on
5．Put yourself in my shoes, and then you'll forgive what I did.
6．To save money, my parents keep using many devices which are out of style.
7．A typical PDA can function as a mobile phone, fax sender, and personal organizer.
8.At the art exhibition, we enjoyed the great artists' works, from which we broadened (broaden)our minds.
9．One thing to remember is that it is the process not the result that matters.
in
of
as
broadened
that
10．(2025·全国一卷)This column will allow students to share interesting stories and memorable moments, which can help create a stronger sense of belongs.
which
知识点拨
1.out of style 过时的
2．which引导的非限制性定语从句，通常分四种情况：
(1)指代主句中的各类名词；
(2)指代主句中的形容词；
(3)指代主句中的某个从句；
(4)指代整个主句。
3．under this circumstance在这种情况下
4．broaden one's mind 拓宽视野，开阔眼界
5．have a preference for… 偏爱……
6.强调句
7．be based on 以……为基础
8．tolerate doing sth. 忍受做某事
9．function as 起……的作用
10．put yourself in sb.'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react (react)in time.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It is my sincere hope that my suggestions would gain approval (approve)，and be taken into account.
3．(2024·北京卷)Transportation and technology are the suitable (suit)topics. High－speed trains are the most persuasive proof, combining the transportation and technology.

to react
approval
suitable
4．The 1，400 fans were on their best behaviour(behave)and filed out peacefully at the end.
5．(2022·全国乙卷)When the sun slipped (slip)behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.
6．(2023·北京卷)I thought the rejection (reject)meant the end of the road for my science career.
7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for the grouping for the upcoming oral practice，a majority of students are opposed to randomly pairing (pair)them up.
8．The product was developed in response to customer demand.
behaviour
slipped
rejection
pairing
to
9．Do you think we should share the secret with your parents
10．(2025·全国一卷)We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.
with
for
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．suit
(1)I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit at the gate of the factory.A
(2)If you want to go to the bookstore next weekend, that suits me fine.B
(3)I'm sure this tie suits you well.C
A.n. 一套衣服　B．v. 对(某人)方便；合……的意　C．v. 相配；合身
A
B
C
2．correspond
(1)The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor.B
(2)Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard.A
(3)Although they parted，the two friends always corresponded with each other to get comfort.C
A.v. 相符合，相一致　B．v. 相当；类似于　C．v. 通信
B
A
C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)She gestured her disappointment by laying her hand on her forehead.v. 做手势；用动作示意
点拨：gesture(熟义)n. 手势，姿势；姿态。此处是动词，意为“做手势；用动作示意”。
(2)In all our products the accent is on quality.n. 着重点
点拨：accent(熟义)n. 口音，腔调；重音。此处意为“着重点”。
(3)We will certainly contest any claims against the safety of our products.v. 驳斥
点拨：contest(熟义)n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争。此处是动词，意为“驳斥”。
v. 做手势；用动作示意
n. 着重点
v. 驳斥
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是国际部学生会主席李华，你校英国交换生Jack感觉和中国学生交流存在一些问题，向你寻求建议，请你写一封建议信回复他。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①首先，我注意到，由于我们的文化特色和词汇的不同，我们的交流有时会面临摩擦。
Firstly, I've noticed that our communication sometimes faces friction due to differences in cultural tones and vocabulary．
our communication sometimes faces friction
differences in cultural tones and vocabulary
②在我们的互动中，有必要澄清所有误解并保持坦率。
It's essential to clarify any misunderstandings and be straightforward in our interactions．
③为了解决这个问题，我建议我们定期安排反馈会议。
To address this, I propose we set up regular feedback sessions．
④通过这些会议，我们可以叙述和讨论我们所关心的问题。
Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns．
⑤这将使我们深入了解彼此的观点，并更有效地应对这个问题。
This will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with them more effectively．
clarify any misunderstandings
be straightforward
we set up regular feedback sessions
we can recite and discuss our concerns
gain insights into
cope with them more effectively
in our interactions
⑥我们还可以考虑使用工具来帮助我们翻译或解释某些术语和短语，以确保我们的信息是纯正和准确的。
We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases to ensure our messages are pure and precise．
⑦总之，我相信，通过相互支持和理解的意愿，我们可以克服任何沟通障碍。
In conclusion, I believe that with mutual sympathy and a willingness to understand, we can overcome any communication barriers．
consider using tools
help in translating or
to ensure our messages are pure and
In conclusion,
with mutual sympathy
a willingness
overcome any communication barriers
to understand,
precise
explaining
Step 2句式升级
⑧将句④和句⑤合并成含有定语从句的句子
Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns, which will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with this problem more effectively.
⑨将句⑥升级为现在分词短语作状语的句子
We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases, ensuring our messages are pure and precise.
Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns, which will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with this problem more effectively.
We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases, ensuring our messages are pure and precise.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
Firstly, I've noticed that our communication sometimes faces friction due to differences in cultural tones and vocabulary. It's essential to clarify any misunderstandings and be straightforward in our interactions.
To address this, I propose we set up regular feedback sessions. Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns, which will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with this problem more effectively. We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases, ensuring our messages are pure and precise.
Dear Jack，
Firstly, I've noticed that our communication sometimes faces friction due to differences in cultural tones and vocabulary. It's essential to clarify any misunderstandings and be straightforward in our interactions.
To address this, I propose we set up regular feedback sessions. Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns, which will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with this problem more effectively. We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases, ensuring our messages are pure and precise.
In conclusion, I believe that with mutual sympathy and a willingness to understand, you can overcome any communication barriers.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
In conclusion, I believe that with mutual sympathy and a willingness to understand, you can overcome any communication barriers.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
修辞之暗喻
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
暗喻是英语中常用的修辞手法，不使用like、as等明显的比喻词，而是直接将一个事物说成另一个事物，或通过隐含的方式表达两者之间的相似性，使描述更加生动形象。基本结构为：
●A＋be＋B
●A＋be＋B's＋名词
●用B直接指代A
词块 1.life is a journey 人生是一场旅程
2．time is money 时间就是金钱
3．a heart of stone 石头心(冷酷无情)
4．a sea of troubles 困难的海洋
5．flood of tears 泪如洪水
6．a mountain of work 工作如山
7．an ocean of knowledge 知识的海洋
8．a river of time 时间长河
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．这位企业家遵循着“时间就是金钱”的座右铭，高效地安排他一天中的每一分钟。(time)
The entrepreneur lived by the motto that time is money, scheduling every minute of his day for maximum productivity.
2．读完那封告别信，她再也忍不住，泪如洪水般涌出。(flood)
After reading the farewell letter, she couldn't hold back a flood of tears．

that time is money,
hold back a flood of
tears
3．失业后，他感觉自己陷入了困难的海洋之中。(trouble)
After losing his job, he felt like he was drowning in a sea of troubles．
4．她的声音是天使的歌声，使混乱的房间里的人平静下来。(A＋be＋B's＋名词)
Her voice is an angel's song, calming everyone in the chaotic room.
5．公司陷入了困境，每个人都等着看船长接下来会做什么。(用B直接指代A)
The company was struggling, and everyone was waiting to see what the captain of the ship would do next．
was drowning in a sea of troubles
Her voice is an angel's song,
what
the captain of the ship would do next
任务2　语段表达
When Sarah started her final year at university, she realized that education truly was 1.an ocean of knowledge (知识的海洋)waiting to be explored. However, as assignments piled up, she found herself facing 　　2.a mountain of work (工作如山)that seemed impossible to complete. The stress began to overwhelm her, and she felt trapped in 3.a sea of troubles (困难的海洋)with no clear way out. Despite her struggles, she remembered her grandmother's advice that 4.life is a journey (人生是一场旅程)full of challenges that help us grow. With renewed determination, Sarah decided not to let difficulties harden her into having 5.a heart of stone (石头心)，but instead to face each challenge with courage and optimism.
an ocean of knowledge
a mountain of work
a sea of troubles
life is a journey
a heart of stone
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的
2．feedback n. 反馈的意见(或信息)
3．competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
4．obtain vt. 获得，赢得
5．negotiate vt. & vi. 谈判；商定，达成(协议)
6．enterprise n. 公司，企业；规划，事业
7．straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的
A
默写达标
gentle
feedback
competent
obtain
negotiate
enterprise
straightforward
8．friction n. 争执；摩擦；摩擦力
9．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明
10．knowledgeable adj. 博学的，有见识的
11．sympathy n. 同情；赞同
12．tone n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色
13．gain vt. & vi. 获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n. 好处，利益
14．precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实
15．vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量
16．correspond vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信
friction
clarify
knowledgeable
sympathy
tone
gain
precisely
vocabulary
correspond
17．recite vt. 吟诵；列举
18．accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调
19．cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合
20．cite vt. 提及，列举；引用，引述
21．integrate vt. & vi. (使)合并；(使)加入
22．sincerely adv. 真诚地，诚实地
23．contest n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt. 争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
recite
accent
cooperate
cite
integrate
sincerely
contest
二、拓展单词通变化
1．react vi. (对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n. 反应；回应
2．suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服→suitable adj. 适合的；适宜的
3．fold vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分→unfold vt. 打开；呈现
4．approve vt. & vi. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n. 赞成；认可；批准→disapproval n. 不赞成；反对

react
reaction
suit
suitable
fold
unfold
approve
approval
disapproval
5．preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
6．embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
7．intention n. 计划，意图→intend vt. 计划；打算
8．tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→tolerance n. 容忍；忍受→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
9．fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地→fluency n. 流利；流畅

preference
prefer
embarrassed
embarrassing
embarrass
embarrassment
intention
intend
tolerate
tolerance
tolerant
fluent
fluently
fluency
10．oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒→opposed adj. 反对的；对立的→opposition n. 反对，反抗
11．reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n. 抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西

oppose
opposed
opposition
reject
rejection
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．encode vt. 把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
2．decode vt. 解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
3．empathy n. 同感，共鸣，同情
4．empathize vi. 有同感，产生共鸣
5．taboo n. 禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
6．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
7．golf n. 高尔夫球运动
8．bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
9．intervention n. 干涉行为，干预

把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
同感，共鸣，同情
有同感，产生共鸣
禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
学前班；幼儿园
高尔夫球运动
会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
干涉行为，干预
10．tribe n. 部落
11．Germanic adj. 日耳曼语的；德国的
12．linguist n. 语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
部落
日耳曼语的；德国的
语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
四、重点短语明搭配
1．put yourself in sb.'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
2．account for sth. 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
3．approve of 赞成，赞同
4．broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界
5．in response 作为回答，作为反应
6．refer to 参考；指的是
7．be based on 以……为基础
8．for instance 例如
put yourself in sb.'s shoes
account for sth.
approve of
broaden one's mind
in response
refer to
be based on
for instance
五、教材佳句会运用
1．作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback．
2．微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开表明你可能不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。(while作并列连词，表示对比)
A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.
which is
referred to as feedback
while
looking away with your arms folded
3．一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像当地语言。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
The longer
the more
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I found an evening dress that suited (适合)me perfectly.
2．Local residents have reacted (反应)angrily to the newly released policy.
3．Nobody knows precisely (准确地)how many people are still living in the camp.
4．It is incredible that a ball will not stop if there isn't friction (摩擦力)．
5．Private enterprises (企业)in the developed countries would be allowed to mine the sea.
B
基础检测
suited
reacted
precisely
friction
enterprises
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Still, one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs both fluency (fluent)and accuracy.
2．Many people, who are tired of the fast and competitive urban life, have a tendency (tend)to long for the old way of rural life.
3．Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment (embarrass)associated with making mistakes.
4．When he came across his close friend, he unfolded (fold)his arms and hugged him.
5．Whoever spreads rumors with the intention (intend)of hurting others deserves to be condemned.
fluency
tendency
embarrassment
unfolded
intention
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Their parents don't approve of their marriage, but they love each other deeply.
2．What is known to us all is that watching TV may relax our body, broaden our minds and enrich our life.
3．The word “business” also refers to an organization that provides goods and service.
refer to; approve of; account for; put yourself in sb.'s shoes; broaden one's mind
approve of
broaden our minds
refers to
4．You need to put yourself in their shoes and try to understand why they did it.
5．It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of the first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
refer to; approve of; account for; put yourself in sb.'s shoes; broaden one's mind
put yourself in their shoes
accounts for
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．她听到一声可怕的响声，吓得心都提到嗓子眼儿了。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth．
2．兴趣是学生的朋友，而无聊是他的敌人。(while作并列连词，表示对比)
Interest is a student's friend while boredom is his enemy．
3．北极熊越靠近我们，我们就感到越害怕。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
The nearer the polar bear was, the more frightened we got.
which brought her heart into her mouth
while boredom is his enemy
The nearer
the more frightened
课时作业
返回
课时作业51
课时作业52
课时作业51
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·浙江绍兴模拟)
Lee, a third grader at Parkside Elementary, harbored a secret passion that set him apart from his peers—an undying love for peas. He loved fresh peas, frozen peas, and canned peas. He loved peas mixed with other vegetables and peas all by themselves.
While his friends Carl, Naveen, and Pete hated cafeteria vegetables, Lee secretly enjoyed every pea, though he hid this preference to avoid being teased. His family fully supported his unusual taste, with Friday night chicken-and-pea dinners and special visits to Carter's Restaurant, home to what Lee declared “best-in-the-universe peas”. When Lee bit into them, they squished into a flavor explosion.
As Lee's birthday approached, his excitement about the annual Carter's celebration turned to anxiety when his mother suggested inviting friends. “Ordering peas on purpose They'll think I'm strange，” Lee worried. His internal conflict peaked during the pre-birthday dinner when his father noticed his hesitation about peas, advising gently, “You should order whatever you want, birthday boy.”
The celebration day arrived with Lee torn between authenticity and social acceptance. At Carter's, as friends discussed ordering standard fries, Lee's eyes lingered on the menu's French-dip sandwich with pea sides—his perfect meal. When the server asked his order, he whispered “...with peas，” braced for laughter. Instead, Carl requested apple sauce, Naveen chose coleslaw, and Pete opted for sweet-potato fries. The anticipated teasing never came; his friends simply continued their menu discussions.
The food arrived and everyone got their own unique favorite. Lee cleaned his pea plate contentedly, surrounded by friends enjoying their individual choices.
Through this experience, Lee discovered two vital truths: First, his fear of judgment had been exaggerated—his friends neither noticed nor cared about his pea preference. Second, everyone had unique tastes, as shown by their unconventional side orders. This realization empowered Lee to enjoy his beloved peas openly, recognizing that confidence arose from self-acceptance rather than peer approval.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lee对豌豆有着与众不同的热爱，他害怕因为这一独特爱好被朋友嘲笑，但在生日庆祝时鼓起勇气点了豌豆，结果发现朋友们并没有在意，他意识到自信源于自我接纳而非同伴的认可。
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？(　　)
A．The various functions of peas.
B．Lee's friend circle at school.
C．Lee's strong preference for peas.
D．The popularity of Carter's Restaurant.
C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Lee, a third grader at Parkside Elementary, harbored a secret passion that set him apart from his peers—an undying love for peas.”和第二段“While his friends Carl, Naveen, and Pete hated cafeteria vegetables, Lee secretly enjoyed every pea, though he hid this preference to avoid being teased.”可知，前两段主要讲的是Lee对豌豆的强烈偏好。
2．Why did Lee initially hesitate to order peas at Carter's？(　　)
A．He fancied French fries for birthday.
B．He feared being judged by his friends.
C．The restaurant's peas were overpriced.
D．His family discouraged unusual food choices.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Ordering peas on purpose They'll think I'm strange，’ Lee worried.”可知，Lee一开始在卡特餐厅点豌豆时犹豫是因为他害怕被朋友们评判。
B
3．How did Lee's friends respond to his pea order？(　　)
A．They instantly criticized it.
B．They requested the same dish.
C．They accepted it without comment.
D．They ignored his choice on purpose.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Instead, Carl requested apple sauce, Naveen chose coleslaw, and Pete opted for sweet-potato fries. The anticipated teasing never came; his friends simply continued their menu discussions.”可知，Lee的朋友们对他点豌豆的反应是他们没有发表评论就接受了。
C
4．What message is conveyed in the passage？(　　)
A．Healthy eating requires family support.
B．Courage grows through self-acceptance.
C．Birthday tradition strengthens friendship.
D．Peer pressure shapes childhood fondness.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“This realization empowered Lee to enjoy his beloved peas openly, recognizing that confidence arose from self-acceptance rather than peer approval.”可知，这篇文章传达的信息是勇气来自自我接纳。
B
B
(2025·湖南永州二模)
From the age of 6, Samirah Horton was bullied by her classmates for the things that made her different—her size and her sharp voice. Rather than giving up, Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren't alone. “I didn't want other kids to go through that experience，” says Horton, “especially at a very young age.” Now, alongside attending eighth grade classes, she's also building an anti-bullying platform to reach students across the country.
For as long as Horton can remember, she's felt a special connection with music. She remembers her mother always having the radio on, and her father teaching her how to deejay (主持音乐节目). Music gives her unlimited power to do the duty. “It's music that fuels my mission, allowing me to spread this important message，” she says. Now as the Kid DJ for her hometown team, you can hear anything from the hip-hop classics to songs of her own, including the anti-bullying song No You Won't Bully Me.
Her message has reached beyond the DJ set. At 8, Horton turned one of her songs into a 26-page picture book, which has reached thousands of people across America. In the book，she references the over 160，000 students who miss school daily for fear of being bullied.
Horton isn't sure exactly what the future holds, but for now, she's positive about leading her school's student government. “I don't know exactly what I'll be doing, but I know I'll be making a positive influence on the world，” she says. She's already on her way, but her biggest achievement in her own eyes is persuading others not to doubt themselves along the way. “Don't care what anybody tells you，” she says. “You are never too young to make a change.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Samirah Horton从小因与众不同而遭受欺凌，后来通过音乐和反欺凌平台积极影响他人，传递正能量的故事。
5．What motivated Samirah Horton to build an anti-bullying platform？(　　)
A．Her parents' encouragement.
B．Her experience of being bullied.
C．Her school's requirement.
D．Her interest in music.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“From the age of 6…Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren't alone.”可知，Samirah Horton建立反欺凌平台的动机是她自己被欺负的经历，她不想让其他孩子也经历同样的痛苦。
B
6．Why did Samirah Horton turn one of her songs into a picture book？(　　)
A．To make money to help people in need.
B．To promote her favorite music.
C．To spread her anti-bullying message.
D．To show her talent in writing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“At 8, Horton turned one of her songs into a 26-page picture book…who miss school daily for fear of being bullied.”可推知，Samirah Horton把她的其中一首歌改编成图画书是为了传播她的反欺凌信息，让更多的人意识到欺凌问题的严重性。
C
7．How does Samirah Horton feel about her future？(　　)
A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic.
C．Worried. D．Indifferent.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Horton isn't sure exactly what the future holds, but for now…‘I don't know exactly what I'll be doing, but I know I'll be making a positive influence on the world，’ she says.”可推知，Samirah Horton对她的未来持乐观态度，她相信自己能够产生积极的影响。
B
8．What message does the author want to convey？(　　)
A．Bullying can be overcome through art.
B．Schools should prevent bullying.
C．Music is the key to personal success.
D．Young people can create social change.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘I don't know exactly what I'll be doing…，’she says. …‘You are never too young to make a change.’”及全文内容可知，文章讲述了Samirah Horton从被欺负的经历中走出来，通过音乐和建立反欺凌平台等方式，向人们传递反欺凌的信息，并且她相信自己能够对世界产生积极影响。由此推知，作者想要传达的信息是年轻人也可以创造社会变革。
D
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2026·河北唐山摸底)
To celebrate International Museum Day, the United Nations Postal Administration recently issued a sheet of 10 commemorative (纪念性的)stamps, marking the first time it has released a special event sheet stamp for a single museum, the Palace Museum.
All the stamps, each 1________ (value)at $1.65, feature flower designs inspired by the museum's artifacts (文物)or architecture.
The choice of flowers as the stamp theme 2________ (symbolize)the booming diversity of China's traditional culture and hopes for its 3________ (globe)reach.
The Palace Museum is committed to prioritizing the conservation of artifacts and exploring their cultural value, with its goal 4________ (transform)the 600-year-old Forbidden City's heritage into a 5________ (drive)force for cultural exchange in the world. Its collections are extraordinary 6________ diversity, quality, and historical value, 7________ makes them major attractions for millions of visitors each year.
The stamp launch was held in the UN's New York office on May 19, where 8________ exhibition displayed the Palace Museum's cultural and creative products, drawing over 120 ambassadors and representatives of UN agencies 9________ (eager)attending the event.
The exhibition draws 10________ (inspire)from a philosophical concept in the ancient Chinese classic I Ching (Book of Changes)— “the shared growth and endless continuity of all things”， and displays the museum's initiatives in many fields, including accessibility for people with disabilities and environmental protection.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国邮政管理局发行了一套纪念邮票，以庆祝国际博物馆日，并详细介绍了邮票的设计理念、发行意义以及故宫博物院的相关情况。
All the stamps, each 1________ (value)at $1.65, feature flower designs inspired by the museum's artifacts (文物)or architecture.
1．valued
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有邮票每枚价值1.65美元，其花卉图案的灵感均来自故宫博物院的文物或建筑。分析句子可知，“value(给……定价)”与其逻辑主语stamps之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填valued。
答案分析
valued
The choice of flowers as the stamp theme 2________ (symbolize)the booming diversity of China's traditional culture and hopes for its 3________ (globe)reach.
2．symbolizes
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：选择花卉作为邮票主题，象征着中国传统文化蓬勃发展的多样性，并希望其能够遍布全球。“symbolize(象征)”是谓语动词，根据句意可知，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语choice是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填symbolizes。
symbolizes
The choice of flowers as the stamp theme 2________ (symbolize)the booming diversity of China's traditional culture and hopes for its 3________ (globe)reach.
3．global
解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。修饰名词reach用形容词global作定语。故填global。
global
The Palace Museum is committed to prioritizing the conservation of artifacts and exploring their cultural value, with its goal 4________ (transform)the 600-year-old Forbidden City's heritage into a 5________ (drive)force for cultural exchange in the world.
4．to transform
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院致力于优先保护文物，探索其文化价值，目标是把这座有着600年历史的紫禁城遗产转化为推动世界文化交流的动力。“________ (transform)the 600-year-old Forbidden City's heritage into…”作后置定语修饰名词goal，用不定式作后置定语。故填to transform。
to transform
The Palace Museum is committed to prioritizing the conservation of artifacts and exploring their cultural value, with its goal 4________ (transform)the 600-year-old Forbidden City's heritage into a 5________ (drive)force for cultural exchange in the world.
5．driving
解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。空处作定语修饰名词force，应用形容词，driving意为“起推动作用的”，符合语境。故填driving。
driving
Its collections are extraordinary 6________ diversity, quality, and historical value, 7________ makes them major attractions for millions of visitors each year.
6．in
解析：考查介词。句意：其藏品在多样性、质量和历史价值方面都非常出色，每年吸引数百万游客前来参观。be extraordinary in…意为“在……方面非常出色”，故填in。
in
Its collections are extraordinary 6________ diversity, quality, and historical value, 7________ makes them major attractions for millions of visitors each year.
7．which
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which。
which
The stamp launch was held in the UN's New York office on May 19, where 8________ exhibition displayed the Palace Museum's cultural and creative products, drawing over 120 ambassadors and representatives of UN agencies 9________ (eager)attending the event.
8．an
解析：考查冠词。句意：5月19日，邮票发行仪式在联合国纽约办公室举行，一场展览展示了故宫博物院的文化创意产品，吸引了120多位大使和联合国机构代表踊跃参加。根据句意可知，句中“exhibition”意为“展览”，为可数名词单数形式，泛指一场展览，空格处应用不定冠词修饰，且exhibition发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
an
The stamp launch was held in the UN's New York office on May 19, where 8________ exhibition displayed the Palace Museum's cultural and creative products, drawing over 120 ambassadors and representatives of UN agencies 9________ (eager)attending the event.
9．eagerly
解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。修饰动词attending应用副词作状语，故填eagerly。
eagerly
The exhibition draws 10________ (inspire)from a philosophical concept in the ancient Chinese classic I Ching (Book of Changes)— “the shared growth and endless continuity of all things”， and displays the museum's initiatives in many fields, including accessibility for people with disabilities and environmental protection.
10．inspiration
解析：考查词性转换。句意：此次展览的灵感来自中国古代经典《易经》中的哲学概念——“万物相生、绵延不绝”，展示了故宫博物院在包括残疾人无障碍和环境保护在内的许多领域的举措。提示词作宾语，用名词。故填inspiration。
inspiration
课时作业52
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·河北石家庄模拟)
While saying “no” can be liberating to some, for others it can be uncomfortable.Sometimes, society teaches us the word “no” is impolite.We feel more obligated (有义务的)to get along with things we honestly do not want to do in order to be socially accepted.
Yet, there are clear benefits to the word “no”．One of the first steps is to find a way to say “no” that feels natural and authentic for you.Perhaps you may find the “sandwich method” helpful.It is an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives.Tell the person something positive followed by the “no” and end with something positive.
It's also important to keep in mind that saying “no” to something but giving other options that better fit your needs can also be an effective way to use the power of “no”．Remember that your needs are important and your decisions can directly affect your time and energy.
We all have various roles in our work, parenting, social obligations, and family dynamics.These roles can challenge our abilities to set boundaries.Learning about yourself and finding your inner power is crucial to your health and well－being.Boundaries can be flexible when appropriate.Take time to reassess your boundaries, taking into account the pros and cons.And remember：Boundaries do not have to be permanent.
Standing firm in your decisions and being able to express yourself can be so rewarding, but there are also some signs to keep in mind when it is not being used in a way to empower.Withdrawal, loss of interest in activities, or having feelings of worthlessness can be more than indicative of saying “no”．If you find yourself saying “no” in a way that leads to isolation, then it might be time to see a mental health professional.
Overall, there isn't a “right” way to say “no”．You will never be able to please everyone.Remember to let your inner confidence shine in your ability to say “no”．
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章指出说“不”虽让部分人不适，但有明显益处，并介绍了“三明治法”等说“不”的方式，还强调要留意其负面效应。
1．What does society think of saying “no”？(　　)
A．Understandable. B．Necessary.
C．Inconsiderate. D．Indifferent.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Sometimes, society teaches us the word ‘no’ is impolite.”可知，社会认为说“不”是考虑不周的。故选C。
C
2．How does the “sandwich method” work？(　　)
A．By avoiding anything negative.
B．By being supportive before and after rejection.
C．By looking on the positive side.
D．By setting permanent boundaries in daily life.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“It is an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives.Tell the person something positive followed by the ‘no’ and end with something positive.”可知，“三明治法”是在拒绝前后都给予积极回应。故选B。
B
3．What does the author suggest people do regarding saying “no”？(　　)
A．Stick to others' decisions. B．Express oneself flexibly.
C．Prioritize others' needs. D．Mind its negative effects.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Standing firm in your decisions and being able to express yourself can be so rewarding, but there are also some signs to keep in mind when it is not being used in a way to empower.”及后文列举的“孤立感”等负面效应可知，作者建议人们留意说“不”的负面影响。故选D。
D
4．What would be a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．The Power of a Gentle Refusal
B．How to Take Care of Oneself
C．The Journey of Self-discovery
D．How to Satisfy Others' Needs
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“说‘不’的重要性”展开，介绍了社会对拒绝的误解、有效的拒绝方法(如三明治法)、设定边界的灵活性及需注意的负面效应，强调温和拒绝的力量。因此A项“The Power of a Gentle Refusal”最适合作为标题。故选A。
A
B
(2025·河北邢台四校质检联盟联考)
When Eugenie George heard that her friend passed a financial counseling exam, at first her heart sank.She had failed the same test weeks earlier, and she needed the qualification to advance her career.“My inner child got upset，” recalled Ms George, a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia.But then, instead of stewing, she called her friend.“I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous，” she said.Ms George knew that being upfront would calm her envy, and she was surprised when it shifted her attitude, she could share her friend's happiness, and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me.”
Finding pleasure in another person's good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term (inspired by the German word for joy)that describes the happiness we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it doesn't directly involve us.“Freudenfreude is like social glue，” said Catherine, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College.“It makes relationships closer and more enjoyable.”
Erika Weiz, an empathy researcher and postdoctoral fellow in psychology at Harvard University, said the feeling closely resembles positive empathy—the ability to experience someone else's positive emotions.A small 2024 study examined positive empathy's role in daily life and found that it stimulates kind acts, like helping others.Sharing in someone else's joy can also foster resilience (韧性)，improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict.
However, freudenfreude doesn't always come easily.In zero-sum situations, your loss might really sting, making freudenfreude feel out of reach.If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Dr Catherine said, you might misread someone else's victory as a personal shortcoming.And factors like mental health and overall well-being can also affect your ability to participate in someone else's joy.Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile—and there are ways to encourage the feeling.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“乐他人之幸”这一概念，即当他人成功时，我们也能感受到快乐。心理学家指出这种情感能够增进人际关系，虽受竞争心态等因素影响，但是值得培养。
5．What does the underlined phrase “being upfront” in paragraph 1 mean？(　　)
A．Hiding one's true feelings.
B．Honestly expressing one's emotions.
C．Always escaping from reality.
D．Offering practical advice immediately.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“‘I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous，’ she said.”可知，George女士直接告诉朋友自己的失败和嫉妒，故此处“being upfront”指坦诚表达情绪。故选B。
B
6．Which of the following belongs to freudenfreude？(　　)
A.You felt upset that your best friend lost a match.
B.You felt happy that you defeated your opponent.
C．You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize.
D．You felt glad that you helped those weaker than you.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Finding pleasure in another person's good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude”可知，从他人的好运中获得快乐即为“freudenfreude”，因同学得奖而感到高兴符合这一概念。故选C。
C
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　　)
A．The benefits of freudenfreude.
B．The reasons for freudenfreude.
C．The definition of freudenfreude.
D．The factors affecting freudenfreude.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要讲述“乐他人之幸”的好处。故选A。
A
8．What might the author continue talking about？(　　)
A．The importance of sharing others' success.
B．The way to seek more happiness in our life.
C．The harm that freudenfreude may bring to us.
D．The tips on how to experience freudenfreude.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile—and there are ways to encourage the feeling.”可知，文章接下来可能会介绍体验“乐他人之幸”的方法。故选D。
D
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·江苏南京模拟)
While long-distance friendships might require some planning and creativity to keep up, there's no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.1(____).
Be clear and intentional about keeping your long-distance friends
Whether you've just moved away from your friends or you've been apart for years, long-distance friendships require a two-way commitment.That means reaching out, finding time to hang out and showing your friends you value them.2(____).Remember that they value you, too.
Use common interests to feel connected
Develop an “anchor” for your friendship.An anchor is something that you have in common that acts as a trigger to reach out to each other.Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe.Or you both love, let's say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss after each episode comes out.3(____).
4(____)
If you feel like your communication is difficult because of distance, your friends probably feel that way too, so don't be afraid to be the first one to reach out.When phone calls won't cut it, think about a visit.Visiting is one of the most important things we can do to keep a long-distance friendship going.
Address conflicts openly
5(____).There's just a limited amount of time you get with your friends, so it's easy to let conflicts go unaddressed.Try not to sweep things under the rug.In fact, addressing conflict is one of the ways you can become closer with your friends.
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维持异地友谊的方法。
While long-distance friendships might require some planning and creativity to keep up, there's no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.1(____).
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
答案分析
F
解析：根据上文“While long-distance friendships might require some planning and creativity to keep up, there's no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.”可知，上文提及异地友谊需要计划和创造力维持，此处应引出具体方法。故F选项“Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships(以下是一些维持这种友谊的有效方法)”符合语境。故选F。
Be clear and intentional about keeping your long-distance friends
Whether you've just moved away from your friends or you've been apart for years, long-distance friendships require a two-way commitment.That means reaching out, finding time to hang out and showing your friends you value them.2(____).Remember that they value you, too.
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
B
解析：根据上文“Whether you've just moved away from your friends or you've been apart for years, long－distance friendships require a two－way commitment.That means reaching out, finding time to hang out and showing your friends you value them.”以及下文“Remember that they value you, too.”可知，异地友谊需要双向承诺，此处应进一步说明双向性。故B选项“And it goes both ways(这是双向的)”符合语境。故选B。
Use common interests to feel connected
Develop an “anchor” for your friendship.An anchor is something that you have in common that acts as a trigger to reach out to each other.Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe.Or you both love, let's say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss after each episode comes out.3(____).
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
G
解析：根据上文“Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe.Or you both love, let's say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss after each episode comes out.”可知，上文列举了共同兴趣的例子，此处应说明这些兴趣的作用。故G选项“It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection (是什么并不重要，只要它能帮助你建立联系)”符合语境。故选G。
4(____)
If you feel like your communication is difficult because of distance, your friends probably feel that way too, so don't be afraid to be the first one to reach out.When phone calls won't cut it, think about a visit.Visiting is one of the most important things we can do to keep a long-distance friendship going.
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
C
解析：根据下文“If you feel like your communication is difficult because of distance, your friends probably feel that way too, so don't be afraid to be the first one to reach out.When phone calls won't cut it, think about a visit.”可知，下文围绕主动联系展开，此处应点明主动联系的主题。故C选项“Don't hesitate to reach out (不要犹豫，主动联系)”符合语境。故选C。
Address conflicts openly
5(____).There's just a limited amount of time you get with your friends, so it's easy to let conflicts go unaddressed.Try not to sweep things under the rug.In fact, addressing conflict is one of the ways you can become closer with your friends.
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
E
解析：根据本段小标题“Address conflicts openly”以及下文“There's just a limited amount of time you get with your friends, so it's easy to let conflicts go unaddressed.”可知，此处应解释冲突的产生。故E选项“Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens (分离是痛苦的，误解也会发生)”符合语境。故选E。选择性必修第四册　Unit 2　Understanding each other
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
Communication and Understanding：Bridging Gaps
In a world that's increasingly interconnected, the art of 1.communication (n. 沟通)is more vital than ever. It's not just about sending a 2.mail (n. 邮件)or getting 3.reaction (n. 回应). It's about understanding and being understood, a two-way street that requires both parties to be 4.competent (adj. 有能力的)and willing to 5.negotiate (v. 协商)．
Imagine an 6.enterprise (n. 公司)where employees communicate in a 7.straightforward (adj. 坦诚的)manner, minimizing 8.embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的)9.frictions (n. 争执，摩擦)and misunderstandings. They 10.clarify (v. 澄清)doubts, are 11.knowledgeable (adj. 有见识的)about their roles, and show 12.sympathy (n. 理解，赞同)when needed. The 13.tone (n. 语气)of their conversations is respectful, 14.intending (v. 想要)to 15.gain (v. 获得)trust and build strong relationships.
However, effective communication is not just about speaking 16.precisely (adv. 准确地)and 17.fluently (adv. 流利地). It's also about expanding one's 18.vocabulary (n. 词汇量)，understanding different 19.accents (n. 口音)，and even recognizing 20.handwriting (n. 笔迹)at times. It's about being willing to 21.cooperate (v. 合作)，to 22.cite (v. 引用)23.suitable (adj. 适合的)sources when presenting facts, and to 24.integrate (v. 合并，整合)diverse perspectives.
For instance, if one person talks about a 25.skateboard (n. 滑板)and another talks about a 26.canteen (n. 餐厅)，they might seem unrelated. But in a conversation about a school, both can be relevant. It's like building a 27.fence (n. 栅栏)—each plank, though individual, contributes to the whole structure.
In essence, communication is not a 28.contest (n. 比赛)to see who speaks the loudest or the most. It's about listening 29.sincerely (adv. 真诚地)，understanding, and responding in a 30.gentle (adj. 温和的)and informed manner. It's the bridge that connects diverse minds, fostering unity in diversity.
1 react vi. (对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/语段填空
①As the knowledgeable expert says, children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
②Most people present at the meeting reacted angrily to the strategy，which they thought was somewhat cruel and would even produce a series of bad reactions(react)．At last，the strategy was not approved.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③我们别无选择，只能用喷雾剂来应对熊的攻击。
We have no choice but to use the spray in reaction to the bear's attack. (读后续写之动作描写)
(1)react to 对……作出反应 react with 与……起(化学)反应 react against 反对；反抗；反叛 (2)reaction n. 反应；回应 in reaction to 以应对
[写作佳句]　The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water，from which we gain a lot.
这个实验显示了铁如何与空气和水发生反应，从中我们收获了很多。
2 sympathy n. 同情；赞同
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Did he get tired？Have doubts？Did he want to quit？I sympathized (sympathy)immediately.
②He looked at the little girl sympathetically (sympathy)and gave her 10 yuan.
③(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic (sympathy)to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④每个人不仅应该对残疾人表示同情，还应给予他们生存下去所需要的极大的鼓励和帮助。
Everybody should not only show sympathy for the people with disability but give them great encouragement and help needed to live on. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
⑤出于同情，布莱克太太给了这位可怜的老人一些钱。
Out of sympathy, Mrs Black gave some money to the poor old man.(读后续写之情景描写)
(1)show/feel sympathy for sb. 向某人表示体恤；对某人感到同情 have (no)sympathy for 对某人(不)同情 in sympathy with 赞同；和……一致 out of sympathy with 不赞成，不支持 out of sympathy (for)出于(对……的)同情 (2)sympathetic adj. 同情的；赞同的 be sympathetic to sb./sth. 支持某人/赞同某事 (3)sympathetically adv. 同情地 (4)sympathize v. 同情；赞同
[写作佳句]　I am sure he will be in sympathy with your proposal. (应用文写作之劝告信)
我确信他一定赞成你的提议。
3 approve vi. & vt. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2025·全国一卷)I hope you will approve of my choice of “Fun at my school” as it better reflects our campus life.
②I approve of your trying (try)to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
③She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove(approve)．
④(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval (approve)section signed.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤如果您能批准我们的提议，我们将不胜感激。
→We would be grateful if you could approve our proposal．(approve)
→We would be grateful if you could give your approval to our proposal．(approval)
(1)approve of 赞成，赞同 approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth. 同意某人做某事 approve sth. 批准，通过(计划、要求等) (2)disapprove vi. 不同意 (3)approval n. 赞成；批准 give one's approval to同意；批准 (4)disapproval n. 反对；不赞成
[写作佳句]　With a negative expression, he implied his disapproval to the proposal.
他以一个否定的表情暗示对提案的不赞成。
4 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I found a lot to be embarrassed at/about．
②To his embarrassment, he then had to call his wife and have her bring him some money.
③(2024·新课标卷)Embarrassed (embarrass)and frustrated，I apologized，“Well, I guess today is just not my day. I am so sorry.”
④They were my friends, and I just didn't want to embarrass(embarrass)them publicly.
⑤(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)At that moment, it seemed that he sensed my embarrassment (embarrass)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥李小姐发现自己处于尴尬的境地，她不知道该支持哪一方。,
(1)be embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬 be embarrassed at/about sth. 因……尴尬 (2)embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的(或难堪的、惭愧的) (3)embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使窘迫 (4)embarrassment n. 窘迫；愧疚 to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)His smile gave way to a look of concern. An embarrassing silence fell between us.(神情、情景描写)
Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position where she didn't know which side she should support.(读后续写之心理描写)
他的笑容变成了担心的表情。我们之间出现了尴尬的沉默。
5 correspond vi. 符合，相一致；类似于；通信
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①I used to correspond with my friends by letters while now the Internet makes our communication more convenient.
②Surprisingly, this linguist's opinion on effective communication isn't in correspondence (correspond)with what we previously thought.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③她刚才所说的同大多数人所持的观点不一样。
→What she has just said doesn't correspond to/with the views of the majority. (correspond)
→What she has just said isn't in correspondence with the views of the majority. (correspondence)
(1)correspond with/to sth. 与……一致/相符合 correspond with sb. 与……通信 (2)correspondence n. 信件；通信 in correspondence with… 与……通信；和……一致
[写作佳句]　Only when what you do corresponds with what you say can you make better relationships with others. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
只有当你言行一致时，你才能和其他人建立更好的关系。
6 behave vi.& vt. 表现；表现得体，有礼貌
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·北京卷)Dishonest and violent behaviours (behave)were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.
②He behaved well to/towards me since I married him.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
③建议参加宴会时，你应该举止得体。作为举止得体的客人，你不应把筷子插在食物里，或者用筷子指着其他人。
It is suggested that you (should)behave yourself when attending feasts. As a well-behaved guest, you shouldn't stick your chopsticks in the food or point at others with them.(应用文写作之建议信)
(1)behave oneself 行为规矩；表现得体；检点 behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差 (2)well-behaved/badly-behaved adj. 表现好/差的 (3)behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；表现方式 (4)behavioural adj. 行为的，行为上的
[写作佳句]　(2023·北京卷)A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues (刺激)with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
人们认为，一个人在追求目标的过程中，通过开始将某些刺激与有助于实现目标的行为反应联系起来，从而形成一种习惯。
7 for instance 例如
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①For instance/example, they know their strengths when pursuing a goal.
②The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.
③In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick apology.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④他们在一些日常的事情当中也可以帮你一把，例如在你去医院检查时出现。
They also assist with daily issues, such as getting to a hospital check-up. (应用文写作之演讲稿)
for example 例如 such as 例如 an instance of ……的实例 in this instance 在此情况下
[写作佳句]　I would recommend using a different approach in this instance. (应用文写作之建议信)
在这种情况下，我建议采用不同的方法。
8 句型公式：no sooner…than… 一……就……
(教材原句)No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home.
我刚开始了解英国人是如何交流的，就该回国了。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No sooner had I learned/learnt about the exciting news than I froze there，unable to believe my ears.
②Hardly had (have)she sat when she heard someone knocking at the door.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③He had no sooner arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us，which accounted for my appreciation.
→No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us，which accounted for my appreciation.(倒装句)
(1)no sooner…than…引导时间状语从句，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。 (2)no sooner位于句首时，表示强调，主句要部分倒装，而than引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有 hardly…when…。
[写作佳句]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hardly had David arrived at the finish line when all the teachers and classmates cheered for him. (读后续写之情景描写)
大卫刚到达终点线，所有的老师和同学就都为他欢呼喝彩。
9 句型公式：the＋比较级，the＋比较级
(教材原句)The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本地语言。
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under, the better your performance will be (你的表现就越好)．
②(2025·全国一卷)The more I reflected, the heavier my guilt grew (越觉得内疚)．
③The sooner (越早)，the better.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④你卖的票越多，挣的钱就会越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will earn.
(1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 (2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句。在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。 (3)此结构可以用省略形式。
[写作佳句]　(2023·北京卷)Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary.
研究表明，教师花在教学上的时间越多，他们的工资就越低。
[查漏补缺]
1．Under this circumstance, we have no choice but to cancel the event.
2．The middle-aged woman refused to tolerate being called (call)a thief and said she didn't steal anything in the supermarket.
3．I must say I have a strong preference for cycling to go to work.
4．(2024·北京卷)To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻)that are familiar to us.
5．Put yourself in my shoes, and then you'll forgive what I did.
6．To save money, my parents keep using many devices which are out of style.
7．A typical PDA can function as a mobile phone, fax sender, and personal organizer.
8.At the art exhibition, we enjoyed the great artists' works, from which we broadened (broaden)our minds.
9．One thing to remember is that it is the process not the result that matters.
10．(2025·全国一卷)This column will allow students to share interesting stories and memorable moments, which can help create a stronger sense of belongs.
1.out of style 过时的 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句，通常分四种情况： (1)指代主句中的各类名词； (2)指代主句中的形容词； (3)指代主句中的某个从句； (4)指代整个主句。 3．under this circumstance在这种情况下 4．broaden one's mind 拓宽视野，开阔眼界 5．have a preference for… 偏爱…… 6.强调句 7．be based on 以……为基础 8．tolerate doing sth. 忍受做某事 9．function as 起……的作用 10．put yourself in sb.'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react (react)in time.
2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It is my sincere hope that my suggestions would gain approval (approve)，and be taken into account.
3．(2024·北京卷)Transportation and technology are the suitable (suit)topics. High－speed trains are the most persuasive proof, combining the transportation and technology.
4．The 1，400 fans were on their best behaviour(behave)and filed out peacefully at the end.
5．(2022·全国乙卷)When the sun slipped (slip)behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.
6．(2023·北京卷)I thought the rejection (reject)meant the end of the road for my science career.
7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for the grouping for the upcoming oral practice，a majority of students are opposed to randomly pairing (pair)them up.
8．The product was developed in response to customer demand.
9．Do you think we should share the secret with your parents
10．(2025·全国一卷)We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．suit
A.n. 一套衣服　B．v. 对(某人)方便；合……的意　C．v. 相配；合身
(1)I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit at the gate of the factory.A
(2)If you want to go to the bookstore next weekend, that suits me fine.B
(3)I'm sure this tie suits you well.C
2．correspond
A.v. 相符合，相一致　B．v. 相当；类似于　C．v. 通信
(1)The job of a British lecturer corresponds roughly to that of an American associate professor.B
(2)Your account of the events does not correspond with what we have heard.A
(3)Although they parted，the two friends always corresponded with each other to get comfort.C
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)She gestured her disappointment by laying her hand on her forehead.v. 做手势；用动作示意
点拨：gesture(熟义)n. 手势，姿势；姿态。此处是动词，意为“做手势；用动作示意”。
(2)In all our products the accent is on quality.n. 着重点
点拨：accent(熟义)n. 口音，腔调；重音。此处意为“着重点”。
(3)We will certainly contest any claims against the safety of our products.v. 驳斥
点拨：contest(熟义)n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争。此处是动词，意为“驳斥”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是国际部学生会主席李华，你校英国交换生Jack感觉和中国学生交流存在一些问题，向你寻求建议，请你写一封建议信回复他。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①首先，我注意到，由于我们的文化特色和词汇的不同，我们的交流有时会面临摩擦。
Firstly, I've noticed that our communication sometimes faces friction due to differences in cultural tones and vocabulary．
②在我们的互动中，有必要澄清所有误解并保持坦率。
It's essential to clarify any misunderstandings and be straightforward in our interactions．
③为了解决这个问题，我建议我们定期安排反馈会议。
To address this, I propose we set up regular feedback sessions．
④通过这些会议，我们可以叙述和讨论我们所关心的问题。
Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns．
⑤这将使我们深入了解彼此的观点，并更有效地应对这个问题。
This will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with them more effectively．
⑥我们还可以考虑使用工具来帮助我们翻译或解释某些术语和短语，以确保我们的信息是纯正和准确的。
We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases to ensure our messages are pure and precise．
⑦总之，我相信，通过相互支持和理解的意愿，我们可以克服任何沟通障碍。
In conclusion, I believe that with mutual sympathy and a willingness to understand, we can overcome any communication barriers．
Step 2句式升级
⑧将句④和句⑤合并成含有定语从句的句子
Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns, which will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with this problem more effectively.
⑨将句⑥升级为现在分词短语作状语的句子
We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases, ensuring our messages are pure and precise.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear Jack，
Firstly, I've noticed that our communication sometimes faces friction due to differences in cultural tones and vocabulary. It's essential to clarify any misunderstandings and be straightforward in our interactions.
To address this, I propose we set up regular feedback sessions. Through the sessions we can recite and discuss our concerns, which will allow us to gain insights into each other's perspectives deeply and cope with this problem more effectively. We could also consider using tools that help in translating or explaining certain terms and phrases, ensuring our messages are pure and precise.
In conclusion, I believe that with mutual sympathy and a willingness to understand, you can overcome any communication barriers.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
修辞之暗喻
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
暗喻是英语中常用的修辞手法，不使用like、as等明显的比喻词，而是直接将一个事物说成另一个事物，或通过隐含的方式表达两者之间的相似性，使描述更加生动形象。基本结构为：
●A＋be＋B
●A＋be＋B's＋名词
●用B直接指代A
词块 1.life is a journey 人生是一场旅程 2．time is money 时间就是金钱 3．a heart of stone 石头心(冷酷无情) 4．a sea of troubles 困难的海洋 5．flood of tears 泪如洪水 6．a mountain of work 工作如山 7．an ocean of knowledge 知识的海洋 8．a river of time 时间长河
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．这位企业家遵循着“时间就是金钱”的座右铭，高效地安排他一天中的每一分钟。(time)
The entrepreneur lived by the motto that time is money, scheduling every minute of his day for maximum productivity.
2．读完那封告别信，她再也忍不住，泪如洪水般涌出。(flood)
After reading the farewell letter, she couldn't hold back a flood of tears．
3．失业后，他感觉自己陷入了困难的海洋之中。(trouble)
After losing his job, he felt like he was drowning in a sea of troubles．
4．她的声音是天使的歌声，使混乱的房间里的人平静下来。(A＋be＋B's＋名词)
Her voice is an angel's song, calming everyone in the chaotic room.
5．公司陷入了困境，每个人都等着看船长接下来会做什么。(用B直接指代A)
The company was struggling, and everyone was waiting to see what the captain of the ship would do next．
任务2　语段表达
When Sarah started her final year at university, she realized that education truly was 1.an ocean of knowledge (知识的海洋)waiting to be explored. However, as assignments piled up, she found herself facing 2.a mountain of work (工作如山)that seemed impossible to complete. The stress began to overwhelm her, and she felt trapped in 3.a sea of troubles (困难的海洋)with no clear way out. Despite her struggles, she remembered her grandmother's advice that 4.life is a journey (人生是一场旅程)full of challenges that help us grow. With renewed determination, Sarah decided not to let difficulties harden her into having 5.a heart of stone (石头心)，but instead to face each challenge with courage and optimism.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．gentle adj. 温柔的；温和的；柔和的
2．feedback n. 反馈的意见(或信息)
3．competent adj. 足以胜任的，有能力的，称职的
4．obtain vt. 获得，赢得
5．negotiate vt. & vi. 谈判；商定，达成(协议)
6．enterprise n. 公司，企业；规划，事业
7．straightforward adj. 坦诚的；简单的
8．friction n. 争执；摩擦；摩擦力
9．clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明
10．knowledgeable adj. 博学的，有见识的
11．sympathy n. 同情；赞同
12．tone n. 语气，腔调；风格，特色
13．gain vt. & vi. 获得；增进，增长；(从……中)受益 n. 好处，利益
14．precisely adv. 准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实
15．vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇量
16．correspond vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信
17．recite vt. 吟诵；列举
18．accent n. 口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调
19．cooperate vi. 合作，协作；协助，配合
20．cite vt. 提及，列举；引用，引述
21．integrate vt. & vi. (使)合并；(使)加入
22．sincerely adv. 真诚地，诚实地
23．contest n. 比赛，竞赛；争夺，竞争 vt. 争取赢得；争辩，就……提出异议
二、拓展单词通变化
1．react vi. (对……)作出反应；有不良反应，过敏；起化学反应→reaction n. 反应；回应
2．suit vt. 满足需要；相配，合身 n. 套装，西装，西服→suitable adj. 适合的；适宜的
3．fold vt. 折叠，对折；包，裹 n. 褶，褶层，折叠部分→unfold vt. 打开；呈现
4．approve vt. & vi. 赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等)→approval n. 赞成；认可；批准→disapproval n. 不赞成；反对
5．preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物→prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
6．embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据
7．intention n. 计划，意图→intend vt. 计划；打算
8．tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍；容许，允许；能经受→tolerance n. 容忍；忍受→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
9．fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的，熟练的→fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地→fluency n. 流利；流畅
10．oppose vt. 反对，抵制；与……对垒→opposed adj. 反对的；对立的→opposition n. 反对，反抗
11．reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异→rejection n. 抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．encode vt. 把……编码；把……译成电码(或密码)
2．decode vt. 解(码)，破译(尤指密码)
3．empathy n. 同感，共鸣，同情
4．empathize vi. 有同感，产生共鸣
5．taboo n. 禁忌，忌讳；禁止，避讳
6．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
7．golf n. 高尔夫球运动
8．bilingual adj. 会说两种语言的；用两种语言(写)的
9．intervention n. 干涉行为，干预
10．tribe n. 部落
11．Germanic adj. 日耳曼语的；德国的
12．linguist n. 语言学家；通晓数国语言的人
四、重点短语明搭配
1．put yourself in sb.'s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地
2．account for sth. 是……的说明(或原因)；(数量上、比例上)占
3．approve of 赞成，赞同
4．broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界
5．in response 作为回答，作为反应
6．refer to 参考；指的是
7．be based on 以……为基础
8．for instance 例如
五、教材佳句会运用
1．作为回应，接收者再发回一条编码信息，这就是所谓的反馈。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
In response，the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback．
2．微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉、目光移开表明你可能不感兴趣，这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。(while作并列连词，表示对比)
A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.
3．一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像当地语言。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I found an evening dress that suited (适合)me perfectly.
2．Local residents have reacted (反应)angrily to the newly released policy.
3．Nobody knows precisely (准确地)how many people are still living in the camp.
4．It is incredible that a ball will not stop if there isn't friction (摩擦力)．
5．Private enterprises (企业)in the developed countries would be allowed to mine the sea.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Still, one thing is clear: speaking a language well needs both fluency (fluent)and accuracy.
2．Many people, who are tired of the fast and competitive urban life, have a tendency (tend)to long for the old way of rural life.
3．Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment (embarrass)associated with making mistakes.
4．When he came across his close friend, he unfolded (fold)his arms and hugged him.
5．Whoever spreads rumors with the intention (intend)of hurting others deserves to be condemned.
Ⅲ.选词填空
refer to; approve of; account for; put yourself in sb.'s shoes; broaden one's mind
1．Their parents don't approve of their marriage, but they love each other deeply.
2．What is known to us all is that watching TV may relax our body, broaden our minds and enrich our life.
3．The word “business” also refers to an organization that provides goods and service.
4．You need to put yourself in their shoes and try to understand why they did it.
5．It is said that body language accounts for 55 percent of the first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．她听到一声可怕的响声，吓得心都提到嗓子眼儿了。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth．
2．兴趣是学生的朋友，而无聊是他的敌人。(while作并列连词，表示对比)
Interest is a student's friend while boredom is his enemy．
3．北极熊越靠近我们，我们就感到越害怕。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
The nearer the polar bear was, the more frightened we got.
课时作业51
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·浙江绍兴模拟)
Lee, a third grader at Parkside Elementary, harbored a secret passion that set him apart from his peers—an undying love for peas. He loved fresh peas, frozen peas, and canned peas. He loved peas mixed with other vegetables and peas all by themselves.
While his friends Carl, Naveen, and Pete hated cafeteria vegetables, Lee secretly enjoyed every pea, though he hid this preference to avoid being teased. His family fully supported his unusual taste, with Friday night chicken-and-pea dinners and special visits to Carter's Restaurant, home to what Lee declared “best-in-the-universe peas”. When Lee bit into them, they squished into a flavor explosion.
As Lee's birthday approached, his excitement about the annual Carter's celebration turned to anxiety when his mother suggested inviting friends. “Ordering peas on purpose They'll think I'm strange，” Lee worried. His internal conflict peaked during the pre-birthday dinner when his father noticed his hesitation about peas, advising gently, “You should order whatever you want, birthday boy.”
The celebration day arrived with Lee torn between authenticity and social acceptance. At Carter's, as friends discussed ordering standard fries, Lee's eyes lingered on the menu's French-dip sandwich with pea sides—his perfect meal. When the server asked his order, he whispered “...with peas，” braced for laughter. Instead, Carl requested apple sauce, Naveen chose coleslaw, and Pete opted for sweet-potato fries. The anticipated teasing never came; his friends simply continued their menu discussions.
The food arrived and everyone got their own unique favorite. Lee cleaned his pea plate contentedly, surrounded by friends enjoying their individual choices.
Through this experience, Lee discovered two vital truths: First, his fear of judgment had been exaggerated—his friends neither noticed nor cared about his pea preference. Second, everyone had unique tastes, as shown by their unconventional side orders. This realization empowered Lee to enjoy his beloved peas openly, recognizing that confidence arose from self-acceptance rather than peer approval.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lee对豌豆有着与众不同的热爱，他害怕因为这一独特爱好被朋友嘲笑，但在生日庆祝时鼓起勇气点了豌豆，结果发现朋友们并没有在意，他意识到自信源于自我接纳而非同伴的认可。
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？(　C　)
A．The various functions of peas.
B．Lee's friend circle at school.
C．Lee's strong preference for peas.
D．The popularity of Carter's Restaurant.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Lee, a third grader at Parkside Elementary, harbored a secret passion that set him apart from his peers—an undying love for peas.”和第二段“While his friends Carl, Naveen, and Pete hated cafeteria vegetables, Lee secretly enjoyed every pea, though he hid this preference to avoid being teased.”可知，前两段主要讲的是Lee对豌豆的强烈偏好。
2．Why did Lee initially hesitate to order peas at Carter's？(　B　)
A．He fancied French fries for birthday.
B．He feared being judged by his friends.
C．The restaurant's peas were overpriced.
D．His family discouraged unusual food choices.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Ordering peas on purpose They'll think I'm strange，’ Lee worried.”可知，Lee一开始在卡特餐厅点豌豆时犹豫是因为他害怕被朋友们评判。
3．How did Lee's friends respond to his pea order？(　C　)
A．They instantly criticized it.
B．They requested the same dish.
C．They accepted it without comment.
D．They ignored his choice on purpose.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Instead, Carl requested apple sauce, Naveen chose coleslaw, and Pete opted for sweet-potato fries. The anticipated teasing never came; his friends simply continued their menu discussions.”可知，Lee的朋友们对他点豌豆的反应是他们没有发表评论就接受了。
4．What message is conveyed in the passage？(　B　)
A．Healthy eating requires family support.
B．Courage grows through self-acceptance.
C．Birthday tradition strengthens friendship.
D．Peer pressure shapes childhood fondness.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“This realization empowered Lee to enjoy his beloved peas openly, recognizing that confidence arose from self-acceptance rather than peer approval.”可知，这篇文章传达的信息是勇气来自自我接纳。
(2025·湖南永州二模)
From the age of 6, Samirah Horton was bullied by her classmates for the things that made her different—her size and her sharp voice. Rather than giving up, Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren't alone. “I didn't want other kids to go through that experience，” says Horton, “especially at a very young age.” Now, alongside attending eighth grade classes, she's also building an anti-bullying platform to reach students across the country.
For as long as Horton can remember, she's felt a special connection with music. She remembers her mother always having the radio on, and her father teaching her how to deejay (主持音乐节目). Music gives her unlimited power to do the duty. “It's music that fuels my mission, allowing me to spread this important message，” she says. Now as the Kid DJ for her hometown team, you can hear anything from the hip-hop classics to songs of her own, including the anti-bullying song No You Won't Bully Me.
Her message has reached beyond the DJ set. At 8, Horton turned one of her songs into a 26-page picture book, which has reached thousands of people across America. In the book，she references the over 160，000 students who miss school daily for fear of being bullied.
Horton isn't sure exactly what the future holds, but for now, she's positive about leading her school's student government. “I don't know exactly what I'll be doing, but I know I'll be making a positive influence on the world，” she says. She's already on her way, but her biggest achievement in her own eyes is persuading others not to doubt themselves along the way. “Don't care what anybody tells you，” she says. “You are never too young to make a change.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Samirah Horton从小因与众不同而遭受欺凌，后来通过音乐和反欺凌平台积极影响他人，传递正能量的故事。
5．What motivated Samirah Horton to build an anti-bullying platform？(　B　)
A．Her parents' encouragement.
B．Her experience of being bullied.
C．Her school's requirement.
D．Her interest in music.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“From the age of 6…Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren't alone.”可知，Samirah Horton建立反欺凌平台的动机是她自己被欺负的经历，她不想让其他孩子也经历同样的痛苦。
6．Why did Samirah Horton turn one of her songs into a picture book？(　C　)
A．To make money to help people in need.
B．To promote her favorite music.
C．To spread her anti-bullying message.
D．To show her talent in writing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“At 8, Horton turned one of her songs into a 26-page picture book…who miss school daily for fear of being bullied.”可推知，Samirah Horton把她的其中一首歌改编成图画书是为了传播她的反欺凌信息，让更多的人意识到欺凌问题的严重性。
7．How does Samirah Horton feel about her future？(　B　)
A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic.
C．Worried. D．Indifferent.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Horton isn't sure exactly what the future holds, but for now…‘I don't know exactly what I'll be doing, but I know I'll be making a positive influence on the world，’ she says.”可推知，Samirah Horton对她的未来持乐观态度，她相信自己能够产生积极的影响。
8．What message does the author want to convey？(　D　)
A．Bullying can be overcome through art.
B．Schools should prevent bullying.
C．Music is the key to personal success.
D．Young people can create social change.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘I don't know exactly what I'll be doing…，’she says. …‘You are never too young to make a change.’”及全文内容可知，文章讲述了Samirah Horton从被欺负的经历中走出来，通过音乐和建立反欺凌平台等方式，向人们传递反欺凌的信息，并且她相信自己能够对世界产生积极影响。由此推知，作者想要传达的信息是年轻人也可以创造社会变革。
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2026·河北唐山摸底)
To celebrate International Museum Day, the United Nations Postal Administration recently issued a sheet of 10 commemorative (纪念性的)stamps, marking the first time it has released a special event sheet stamp for a single museum, the Palace Museum.
All the stamps, each 1________ (value)at $1.65, feature flower designs inspired by the museum's artifacts (文物)or architecture.
The choice of flowers as the stamp theme 2________ (symbolize)the booming diversity of China's traditional culture and hopes for its 3________ (globe)reach.
The Palace Museum is committed to prioritizing the conservation of artifacts and exploring their cultural value, with its goal 4________ (transform)the 600-year-old Forbidden City's heritage into a 5________ (drive)force for cultural exchange in the world. Its collections are extraordinary 6________ diversity, quality, and historical value, 7________ makes them major attractions for millions of visitors each year.
The stamp launch was held in the UN's New York office on May 19, where 8________ exhibition displayed the Palace Museum's cultural and creative products, drawing over 120 ambassadors and representatives of UN agencies 9________ (eager)attending the event.
The exhibition draws 10________ (inspire)from a philosophical concept in the ancient Chinese classic I Ching (Book of Changes)— “the shared growth and endless continuity of all things”， and displays the museum's initiatives in many fields, including accessibility for people with disabilities and environmental protection.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国邮政管理局发行了一套纪念邮票，以庆祝国际博物馆日，并详细介绍了邮票的设计理念、发行意义以及故宫博物院的相关情况。
1．valued
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有邮票每枚价值1.65美元，其花卉图案的灵感均来自故宫博物院的文物或建筑。分析句子可知，“value(给……定价)”与其逻辑主语stamps之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填valued。
2．symbolizes
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：选择花卉作为邮票主题，象征着中国传统文化蓬勃发展的多样性，并希望其能够遍布全球。“symbolize(象征)”是谓语动词，根据句意可知，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语choice是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填symbolizes。
3．global
解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。修饰名词reach用形容词global作定语。故填global。
4．to transform
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院致力于优先保护文物，探索其文化价值，目标是把这座有着600年历史的紫禁城遗产转化为推动世界文化交流的动力。“________ (transform)the 600-year-old Forbidden City's heritage into…”作后置定语修饰名词goal，用不定式作后置定语。故填to transform。
5．driving
解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。空处作定语修饰名词force，应用形容词，driving意为“起推动作用的”，符合语境。故填driving。
6．in
解析：考查介词。句意：其藏品在多样性、质量和历史价值方面都非常出色，每年吸引数百万游客前来参观。be extraordinary in…意为“在……方面非常出色”，故填in。
7．which
解析：考查定语从句。句意同上。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which。
8．an
解析：考查冠词。句意：5月19日，邮票发行仪式在联合国纽约办公室举行，一场展览展示了故宫博物院的文化创意产品，吸引了120多位大使和联合国机构代表踊跃参加。根据句意可知，句中“exhibition”意为“展览”，为可数名词单数形式，泛指一场展览，空格处应用不定冠词修饰，且exhibition发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
9．eagerly
解析：考查词性转换。句意同上。修饰动词attending应用副词作状语，故填eagerly。
10．inspiration
解析：考查词性转换。句意：此次展览的灵感来自中国古代经典《易经》中的哲学概念——“万物相生、绵延不绝”，展示了故宫博物院在包括残疾人无障碍和环境保护在内的许多领域的举措。提示词作宾语，用名词。故填inspiration。
课时作业52
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·河北石家庄模拟)
While saying “no” can be liberating to some, for others it can be uncomfortable.Sometimes, society teaches us the word “no” is impolite.We feel more obligated (有义务的)to get along with things we honestly do not want to do in order to be socially accepted.
Yet, there are clear benefits to the word “no”．One of the first steps is to find a way to say “no” that feels natural and authentic for you.Perhaps you may find the “sandwich method” helpful.It is an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives.Tell the person something positive followed by the “no” and end with something positive.
It's also important to keep in mind that saying “no” to something but giving other options that better fit your needs can also be an effective way to use the power of “no”．Remember that your needs are important and your decisions can directly affect your time and energy.
We all have various roles in our work, parenting, social obligations, and family dynamics.These roles can challenge our abilities to set boundaries.Learning about yourself and finding your inner power is crucial to your health and well－being.Boundaries can be flexible when appropriate.Take time to reassess your boundaries, taking into account the pros and cons.And remember：Boundaries do not have to be permanent.
Standing firm in your decisions and being able to express yourself can be so rewarding, but there are also some signs to keep in mind when it is not being used in a way to empower.Withdrawal, loss of interest in activities, or having feelings of worthlessness can be more than indicative of saying “no”．If you find yourself saying “no” in a way that leads to isolation, then it might be time to see a mental health professional.
Overall, there isn't a “right” way to say “no”．You will never be able to please everyone.Remember to let your inner confidence shine in your ability to say “no”．
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章指出说“不”虽让部分人不适，但有明显益处，并介绍了“三明治法”等说“不”的方式，还强调要留意其负面效应。
1．What does society think of saying “no”？(　C　)
A．Understandable. B．Necessary.
C．Inconsiderate. D．Indifferent.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Sometimes, society teaches us the word ‘no’ is impolite.”可知，社会认为说“不”是考虑不周的。故选C。
2．How does the “sandwich method” work？(　B　)
A．By avoiding anything negative.
B．By being supportive before and after rejection.
C．By looking on the positive side.
D．By setting permanent boundaries in daily life.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“It is an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives.Tell the person something positive followed by the ‘no’ and end with something positive.”可知，“三明治法”是在拒绝前后都给予积极回应。故选B。
3．What does the author suggest people do regarding saying “no”？(　D　)
A．Stick to others' decisions.
B．Express oneself flexibly.
C．Prioritize others' needs.
D．Mind its negative effects.
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Standing firm in your decisions and being able to express yourself can be so rewarding, but there are also some signs to keep in mind when it is not being used in a way to empower.”及后文列举的“孤立感”等负面效应可知，作者建议人们留意说“不”的负面影响。故选D。
4．What would be a suitable title for the text？(　A　)
A．The Power of a Gentle Refusal
B．How to Take Care of Oneself
C．The Journey of Self－discovery
D．How to Satisfy Others' Needs
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“说‘不’的重要性”展开，介绍了社会对拒绝的误解、有效的拒绝方法(如三明治法)、设定边界的灵活性及需注意的负面效应，强调温和拒绝的力量。因此A项“The Power of a Gentle Refusal”最适合作为标题。故选A。
(2025·河北邢台四校质检联盟联考)
When Eugenie George heard that her friend passed a financial counseling exam, at first her heart sank.She had failed the same test weeks earlier, and she needed the qualification to advance her career.“My inner child got upset，” recalled Ms George, a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia.But then, instead of stewing, she called her friend.“I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous，” she said.Ms George knew that being upfront would calm her envy, and she was surprised when it shifted her attitude, she could share her friend's happiness, and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me.”
Finding pleasure in another person's good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term (inspired by the German word for joy)that describes the happiness we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it doesn't directly involve us.“Freudenfreude is like social glue，” said Catherine, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College.“It makes relationships closer and more enjoyable.”
Erika Weiz, an empathy researcher and postdoctoral fellow in psychology at Harvard University, said the feeling closely resembles positive empathy—the ability to experience someone else's positive emotions.A small 2024 study examined positive empathy's role in daily life and found that it stimulates kind acts, like helping others.Sharing in someone else's joy can also foster resilience (韧性)，improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict.
However, freudenfreude doesn't always come easily.In zero－sum situations, your loss might really sting, making freudenfreude feel out of reach.If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self－worth, Dr Catherine said, you might misread someone else's victory as a personal shortcoming.And factors like mental health and overall well－being can also affect your ability to participate in someone else's joy.Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile—and there are ways to encourage the feeling.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“乐他人之幸”这一概念，即当他人成功时，我们也能感受到快乐。心理学家指出这种情感能够增进人际关系，虽受竞争心态等因素影响，但是值得培养。
5．What does the underlined phrase “being upfront” in paragraph 1 mean？(　B　)
A．Hiding one's true feelings.
B．Honestly expressing one's emotions.
C．Always escaping from reality.
D．Offering practical advice immediately.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“‘I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous，’ she said.”可知，George女士直接告诉朋友自己的失败和嫉妒，故此处“being upfront”指坦诚表达情绪。故选B。
6．Which of the following belongs to freudenfreude？(　C　)
A.You felt upset that your best friend lost a match.
B.You felt happy that you defeated your opponent.
C．You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize.
D．You felt glad that you helped those weaker than you.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Finding pleasure in another person's good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude”可知，从他人的好运中获得快乐即为“freudenfreude”，因同学得奖而感到高兴符合这一概念。故选C。
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly about？(　A　)
A．The benefits of freudenfreude.
B．The reasons for freudenfreude.
C．The definition of freudenfreude.
D．The factors affecting freudenfreude.
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要讲述“乐他人之幸”的好处。故选A。
8．What might the author continue talking about？(　D　)
A．The importance of sharing others' success.
B．The way to seek more happiness in our life.
C．The harm that freudenfreude may bring to us.
D．The tips on how to experience freudenfreude.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile—and there are ways to encourage the feeling.”可知，文章接下来可能会介绍体验“乐他人之幸”的方法。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·江苏南京模拟)
While long－distance friendships might require some planning and creativity to keep up, there's no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.1(____).
Be clear and intentional about keeping your long－distance friends
Whether you've just moved away from your friends or you've been apart for years, long－distance friendships require a two－way commitment.That means reaching out, finding time to hang out and showing your friends you value them.2(____).Remember that they value you, too.
Use common interests to feel connected
Develop an “anchor” for your friendship.An anchor is something that you have in common that acts as a trigger to reach out to each other.Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe.Or you both love, let's say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss after each episode comes out.3(____).
4(____)
If you feel like your communication is difficult because of distance, your friends probably feel that way too, so don't be afraid to be the first one to reach out.When phone calls won't cut it, think about a visit.Visiting is one of the most important things we can do to keep a long－distance friendship going.
Address conflicts openly
5(____).There's just a limited amount of time you get with your friends, so it's easy to let conflicts go unaddressed.Try not to sweep things under the rug.In fact, addressing conflict is one of the ways you can become closer with your friends.
A．But it's all worth it
B．And it goes both ways
C．Don't hesitate to reach out
D．Make every effort to make it count
E.Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens
F.Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships
G.It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维持异地友谊的方法。
1．F　解析：根据上文“While long－distance friendships might require some planning and creativity to keep up, there's no reason to let physical distance keep you from staying connected.”可知，上文提及异地友谊需要计划和创造力维持，此处应引出具体方法。故F选项“Here are some effective ways to maintain such friendships(以下是一些维持这种友谊的有效方法)”符合语境。故选F。
2．B　解析：根据上文“Whether you've just moved away from your friends or you've been apart for years, long－distance friendships require a two－way commitment.That means reaching out, finding time to hang out and showing your friends you value them.”以及下文“Remember that they value you, too.”可知，异地友谊需要双向承诺，此处应进一步说明双向性。故B选项“And it goes both ways(这是双向的)”符合语境。故选B。
3．G　解析：根据上文“Maybe you both love cooking, so you each send photos of the new dishes you make with a link to the recipe.Or you both love, let's say, the HBO show Euphoria, and you text to discuss after each episode comes out.”可知，上文列举了共同兴趣的例子，此处应说明这些兴趣的作用。故G选项“It doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it helps you initiate a connection (是什么并不重要，只要它能帮助你建立联系)”符合语境。故选G。
4．C　解析：根据下文“If you feel like your communication is difficult because of distance, your friends probably feel that way too, so don't be afraid to be the first one to reach out.When phone calls won't cut it, think about a visit.”可知，下文围绕主动联系展开，此处应点明主动联系的主题。故C选项“Don't hesitate to reach out (不要犹豫，主动联系)”符合语境。故选C。
5．E　解析：根据本段小标题“Address conflicts openly”以及下文“There's just a limited amount of time you get with your friends, so it's easy to let conflicts go unaddressed.”可知，此处应解释冲突的产生。故E选项“Separation is hard, and miscommunication happens (分离是痛苦的，误解也会发生)”符合语境。故选E。

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