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选择性必修第一册　Unit 1　Food matters
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
The Joy of Cooking
In a small town, the local 1.chef (n.厨师)，Mr Wang, brings joy to his community with his 2.delicate (adj.精致的)and flavourful dishes. His 3.desserts (n.甜点)are especially renowned, each a 4.combination (n.结合)of traditional and modern tastes. Mr Wang believes that food should not only satisfy the 5.appetite (n.食欲)but also create a 6.bond (n.纽带)between people.
His restaurant is a cozy place where people come for a sense of security and comfort. The 7.atmosphere (n.氛围)here is always 8.mild (adj.温和的)and welcoming, reflecting Mr Wang's belief in the 9.essential (adj.基本的)role of food in creating a pleasant 10.mood (n.心情). The 11.scenery (n.风景)outside, with its plain beauty, complements the warm environment inside.
Mr Wang often uses 12.multiple (adj.多样的)13.flavours (n.味道)to 14.enhance (vt.增强)the experience of his dishes. He varies his recipes based on the season, using 15.native (adj.本地的)ingredients to promote sustainability. Each meal he serves is a way to 16.digest (vt.消化)the rich culture and history of the town.
The 17.property (n.特性)of his cooking lies in its ability to 18.generate (vt.引起)happiness. Whether it's a bitter winter evening or a 19.damp (adj.潮湿的)summer day, his food always seems to 20.relieve (vt.缓和)the 21.emotion (n.情绪)of his diners. As they consume his meals, there's a sense of unity and peace, showing how food can 22.link (vt.把……连接起来)us in the most profound ways.
1 combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations (combine)and idiomatic phrases.
②He carried on the business in combination with his friends.
③(2023·全国甲卷)The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined (combine)with modern cooking methods.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④均衡的饮食与定期锻炼相结合会更有利于我们的健康。
A balanced diet can be better for our health when combined with regular exercise. (应用文写作之建议信)
(1)a combination of A and B A与B的结合 in combination with 与……结合；与……联合 (2)combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合；兼做；合并 combine…with/and… 把……与……结合起来；兼有……和……
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The fresh air and warm sunshine made the whole experience delightful.It felt amazing to combine art with nature in such a harmonious way.(活动介绍)
新鲜的空气和温暖的阳光使整个体验非常愉快。以如此和谐的方式将艺术与自然结合在一起感觉真是太棒了。
2 association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2022·天津6月卷)The Spoken English Club situated on the ground floor in our library has been set up in association with our foreign teachers，who associate our fluent English with more active practice.
②(2023·全国甲、乙卷听力)Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or associations (associate)．
③If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are sure to achieve success.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
→There are many serious health problems associated with smoking．(过去分词短语作定语)
→There are many serious health problems in association with smoking．(介词短语作定语)
(1)in association with 与……有关联，与……联合 association with… 和……的关联/交往 the Student Association 学生协会 (2)associate v. 联想，联系 associate…with… 把……和……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往 (3)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的 be associated with… 和……有联系
[写作佳句]　(2025·浙江1月卷)The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women.
通常与男性相关的刻板印象，如竞争性和支配性，比那些与女性相关的刻板印象更受重视。
3 link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷)It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.
②(2025·全国一卷)This new column perfectly links students' creativity to/with practical thinking skills.
③(2025·全国二卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked(link)to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.
④We linked up with Daily Express to help run the campaign.
⑤The company has had strong links (link)with its suppliers and customers over the years.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑥毫无疑问，这个人与这起盗窃案有密切的联系。
→There is no doubt that this man is closely linked to the theft．(link v．)
→There is no doubt that there is a close link between the man and the theft．(link n．)
(1)link…to/with… 把……和……连接起来/联系起来 be linked to/with… 与……相关 be closely/directly/strongly linked with… 与……有着密不可分的关系 link up with 与……联手协作 (2)a link/links between…and… ……和……之间的联系 a link/links between… ……之间的联系 have strong links with… 和……关系牢固
[名师指津]　①join…to… 把……与……连接起来
②connect…with/to… 把……与……连接起来
③associate…with… 把……与……联系在一起
④relate…to… 把……与……联系起来
4 expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion (expand)．
②The society has expanded (expand)into a worldwide organization in recent years.
③(2023·全国甲卷)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2021·全国甲卷)我们老师在班会上详细阐述了这个活动的细节。
It was at the class meeting that our teacher expanded on/upon the details of the activity．(应用文写作之咨询信)
(1)expand into… 扩展到…… expand on/upon 详细阐述；详述 expand one's knowledge/horizons 拓展某人知识/开阔某人视野 (2)expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充
[写作佳句]　For one thing, I have participated in many voluntary activities, which expands my knowledge and horizons． (应用文写作之申请信)
一方面，我参加过许多志愿者活动，这拓展了我的知识，开阔了我的视野。
5 estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They estimate the cost of the trip to the Li River at $5，000.
②The number of the foggy days in our city last year was estimated to be (be)over 35.
③But now I know we shouldn't underestimate (estimate)a stranger's ability to influence another's life because the effects can be great.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
(1)estimate sth. at 估算 be estimated to be/have/cost… 估计是/有/花费…… estimate that… 估计…… It is estimated that… 据估计…… (2)underestimate v. 低估
[写作佳句]　I regret to inform you that the conference is estimated to start two hours later than originally scheduled.(应用文写作之通知)
我很遗憾地通知你，会议预计将比原计划晚两小时开始。
6 mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They tend to keep to themselves and don't mix much with the neighbors.
②Mixing (mix)the cream with the sauce releases a wonderful flavour which stimulates our appetite.
③(2023·全国甲卷)They cause mixed (mix)feelings in people.
④The colors are mixed up with each other, creating a beautiful and vibrant blend.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤(2025·全国一卷)他打开了它，脸上露出惊讶和谨慎的神情。
He opened it，with his face showing a mixture of surprise and caution. (读后续写之动作、表情描写)
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合体 (2)mix vt. 使混合；配制 mix…with… 把……与……混合 mix up…with… 把……与……混合起来 mix with… 混合，与……混在一起；与……交际/交往 (3)mixed adj. 混合的；人员混杂的
[写作佳句]　Mixed with wind, the rain was falling onto my face, which made me have a mixture of loneliness and horror.(读后续写之环境、情感描写)
夹杂着风，雨落到了我的脸上，使我既孤独又恐惧。
7 do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you.
②He tried to trick the police into believing (believe)that he had done good deeds.
③To get you started, we have asked five successful writers to reveal some of the tricks (trick)of the trade.
④She fell for a trick, believing that the product was genuine when it was actually a fake.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤他骗走了她的钱，使她相信这是出于正当的理由。
He tricked her out of her money, convincing her that it was for a good cause.(读后续写之动作描写)
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb. 拿某人开玩笑，捉弄某人 fall for a trick 上当 the trick of (doing)sth. (做)某事的诀窍/技巧 (2)trick sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事 trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
[写作佳句]　To his relief, it did the trick. The wolf fell back.(读后续写之情感描写)
让他松了一口气的是，这个方法奏效了，狼向后退去。
8 throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My teacher eagerly persuaded me, “You won't be cast down only if you throw yourself into writing.”
②He got terribly drunk and was throwing up for most of the night.
③She entered the room and threw off her wet coat as soon as possible.
④Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore
⑤This information may throw light on the mystery.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥我不想对你的想法泼冷水，不过我认为你过于乐观了。
I don't intend to throw cold water on your idea(s)， but I suppose you are actually over-optimistic.(应用文写作之建议信)
throw away 扔掉；浪费；失去 throw light on 提供线索 throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱 throw up 呕出(食物) throw cold water on 泼冷水 throw a shadow over… 给……蒙上阴影
[写作佳句]　The sudden death of her lovely pet dog has thrown a shadow over her current days.(读后续写之情景描写)
她可爱的宠物狗的突然死亡给她现在的生活蒙上了阴影。
9 句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语
(教材原句)The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends．
热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，这顿饭成了与友人放松的最佳方式。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·全国甲卷)Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving (leave)a profound impact on Chinese society.
②I turned back to the tractor only to see (see)it move suddenly away from me.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③我作为交换生在英国学习英语三年，这能让我流利地说英语。
→I studied English in England for three years as an exchange student. It allowed me to speak English fluently．
→I studied English in England for three years as an exchange student, which allowed me to speak English fluently．(定语从句)
→I studied English in England for three years as an exchange student, allowing me to speak English fluently．(现在分词短语作状语)
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，前面有时可加上thus表示强调。 (2)此结构通常位于句末，且常用逗号和前面的句子成分隔开。 (3)现在分词(短语)和不定式作结果状语的区别：现在分词(短语)一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式，如only to do，常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。
[写作佳句]　(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)Recently, a lot of new energy trams have been launched, allowing us to use more energy－efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles．(应用文写作之发言稿)
最近新推出了很多新能源电车，让我们能使用更节能环保的交通工具。
10 句型公式：it be＋过去分词＋that…
(教材原句)Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①It is known that (众所周知)Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to be sent into space.
②It is expected that (预计)such bitter weather will last for one month.
③To their credit, it is estimated that (据估计)the project will create more job opportunities for laid-off workers.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④据说现在这个发电厂是以前的两倍大。
It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
(1)此句型中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。that仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，不可省略。 (2)本句型中常用的过去分词有said、reported、thought、believed、known、expected、announced、estimated、supposed等。
[写作佳句]　It is believed that regular exercise can improve one's physical and mental well-being.(应用文写作之建议信)
人们认为定期锻炼可以改善一个人的身体和心理健康。
[查漏补缺]
1．There is a strong emotional bond between mother and child.
2．The sun and water are essential for/to the growth of crops.
3．The children were let loose (loosely)in the park to play after school.
4．I'll bet this unique flavour is out of this world.
5．When the naughty boy was running in the rain，his coat was covered with spots of mud.
6．On a cool day like today a cup of hot cocoa really hits (hit)the spot.
7．Not to mention (mention)the fact that it was freezing cold outside, the thought of having to go to work was unbearable.
8．His talent in music is without equal in the school, so his parents take him as a pride.
9．The smell of freshly baked bread transported me back to my childhood summers spent at my grandmother's house.
10．Watching the plane take off into the clouds, she realized her dreams were finally coming true. ,
1.be covered with 被……盖满；充满着…… 2．transport/bring sb. back to… 把某人运/带回到…… 3．a bond between…and… ……和……之间的纽带 4．take off 起飞；脱下；匆匆离开；迅速流行 5．be essential to/for…(to是介词)对……是极其重要/必不可少的 6．let sth. loose 释放；放任 7．hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要 8．out of this world 好(或美等)得不得了，非凡的，极好的 9．without equal 无与伦比 10．not to mention 更不用说……
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2025·北京卷)For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination (combine)of someone's values, beliefs, goals and social roles.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)Dogs are known for their impressive (impress)fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.
3．(2025·全国二卷)So eager are our student readers to learn about sports in Canada that I wanted to gently (gentle)check on the progress of your article.
4．They have maintained a close association (associate)with a college in the US.
5．During the festival, the security (secure)department should take responsibility to make people feel secure.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He tried muscle－relaxing drugs but found little relief (relieve)．
7．His face was familiar to her but she couldn't call to mind where she had seen him before.
8．Diligence can make up for a lack of intelligence.
9．(2023·全国甲卷)His teachings remind us of the importance of integrity, compassion, and social responsibility.
10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People often link their memory of what they've read to/with how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．association
A.n. 协会；联盟；社团　B．n. 联系；联想　C．n. 关联；联合
(1)The book was published in association with English Heritage．C
(2)I'm writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance to be a volunteer of our School English Association．A
(3)The cat soon made the association between human beings and food.B
2．mild
A.adj. 温和的；温柔的　B．adj. 温暖的，暖和的　C．adj. 轻微的；不严重的　D．adj. 味淡的；不浓的
(1)Different from me, my twin sister prefers mild cheese.D
(2)(2025·全国一卷)I decided to seek my brother's forgiveness, knowing that family relationships required mild understanding and patience.A
(3)That he suffered from a mild heart attack surprised all of us.C
(4)With its mild climate, the place usually attracts visitors from home and abroad.B
3．delicate
A.adj. 精致的；精细的；精密的　B．adj. 易碎的；易损的　C．adj. 需要技巧的　D．adj. 脆弱的
(1)Although the coral looks hard, it is very delicate．B
(2)The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.D
(3)(2024·全国甲卷)From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物)create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs.A
(4)I admired your delicate handling of the tough situation.C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Somehow, the mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic.n. 气氛，氛围
点拨：mood(熟义)n. 情绪，心情。此处意为“气氛，氛围”。
(2)We're surprised that the monthly news digest attracts the little girl so much.n. 摘要
点拨：digest(熟义)vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解。此处用作名词，意为“摘要”。
(3)If the structure of your speech is loose and confusing, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confusing.adj. 不严谨的
点拨：loose(熟义)adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的。此处意为“不严谨的”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是李华，你来国际餐厅吃饭，发现提供的饭菜中肉不新鲜，有酸腐味，然后投诉。之后，餐厅表示歉意，提供了新的煎牛排。请用英语给你的英国好友David写一封信，讲述发生的事。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①但令我愤怒的是，其中一道菜有一种明显的酸味，这表明它不是新鲜的。
But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, which indicated it wasn't fresh.
②我失望的情绪很明显。
My emotion of disappointment was evident.
③我立即向工作人员提出了这个问题，并告知他们肉的味道和肉的新鲜度是紧密联系的。
I immediately raised the issue with the staff, telling them the flavour of meat is closely linked to its freshness．
④值得赞扬的是，他们承认了这个错误并道歉，迅速给我换了一份新的煎牛排。
To their credit, they acknowledged the error, apologized to me and quickly replaced it with a new helping of fried steak．
⑤最初的经历并不令人愉快。
The initial experience was not pleasant.
⑥餐厅的迅速反应弥补了这一点。
The restaurant's prompt response made up for it．
Step 2句式升级
⑦将句①升级为现在分词作状语的句子
But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, indicating it wasn't fresh.
⑧将句⑤和句⑥合并成含有让步状语从句的句子
While the initial experience was not pleasant, the restaurant's prompt response made up for it.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear David，
I hope this letter finds you in good spirits. I recently had quite an upsetting experience at a restaurant. I ordered some dishes that contained five kinds of meat. But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, indicating it wasn't fresh. Therefore, my emotion of disappointment was evident.
However, I immediately raised the issue with the staff, telling them the flavour of meat is closely linked to its freshness. To their credit, they acknowledged the error, apologized to me and quickly replaced it with a new helping of fried steak．
In conclusion, while the initial experience was not pleasant, the restaurant's prompt response made up for it.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：困惑与迷茫
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.confused adj.困惑的 2．puzzled adj.迷惑的 3．lost adj.迷茫的，迷路的 4．uncertain/unsure adj.不确定的 5．doubtful adj.怀疑的 6．blank adj.茫然的
词块 1.be at a loss 不知所措 2．scratch one's head 挠头(表示困惑) 3．a puzzled/confused look 困惑的表情 4．a blank expression 茫然的表情 5．feel lost and uncertain 感到迷茫和不确定 6．shrug one's shoulders 耸耸肩(表示不知或不确定) 7．couldn't make sense of 无法理解 8．have no idea 不知道
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．马奥尼的脉搏跳得很快，他感到很困惑。(confused)
Mahoney's pulse was racing, and he felt confused．
2．他们在楼梯的顶头停了下来，不知道下一步朝哪个方向走。(doubtful)
They paused at the top of the stairs, doubtful as to which way to go next.
3．她原希望能得到一些宽慰，估计她父亲会耸耸肩头对她说：“你这小姑娘发神经了。”
She wanted to be reassured and to see her father shrug his shoulders and say to her: “You are a little goose.”
4．作为一名新生，他在巨大的校园里感到很迷茫。(lost)
As a new student, he felt lost on the huge campus．
5．当被问及未来时，他表情茫然，不知道该说什么。(blank)
He had a blank expression when asked about the future, not knowing what to say.
任务2　语段表达
I opened the box, trying to assemble the new bookshelf. Looking at the instructions, I 1.was at a loss (不知所措). The diagrams were strange, and I 2.couldn't make sense of (无法理解)them at all. I just stood there and 3.scratched my head (挠了挠头)，4.wearing a puzzled look (面带困惑的表情). I truly 5.had no idea (不知道)where to even begin.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
2．flavour n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt. 给……调味，加味于
3．dessert n. (饭后)甜点，甜食
4．link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
5．emotion n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪
6．native n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的
7．bond n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合
8．generate vt. 产生，引起
9．digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘
10．lower vt. 降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的
11．cycle n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi. 骑自行车
12．enhance vt. 提高，增强
13．boil vi. & vt. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾
14．scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景
15．bet n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi. & vt. (bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说
16．atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气
17．mild adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的
18．loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
19．damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的
20．dynasty n. 朝，代；王朝
21．multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的
22．chef n. 主厨，厨师
23．property n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
24．estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
25．essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的
26．stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
27．appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
28．delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
29．emphasis n. (pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读
二、拓展单词通变化
1．combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并
2．greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→greed n. 贪婪
3．gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的
4．association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往
5．relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰
6．impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n. 印象；效果→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
7．expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充
8．appropriate adj. 合适的→appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地
9．mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合→mix v. (使)混合，(使)结合→mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．creamy adj. 含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的
2．saucer n. 碟状物，茶碟，茶托
3．vinegar n. 醋
4．calorie n. 卡，卡路里；千卡
5．buffet n. 自助餐
6．bay n. (海或湖的)湾
7．filling n. (糕点等的)馅
8．bake vt. & vi. 烘烤；烤硬
9．layer n. 层，表层；层次
10．ingredient n. 材料，成分；因素，要素
四、重点短语明搭配
1.do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
2．throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
3．cry out for 迫切需要
4．hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要
5．fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃
6．remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
7．associate...with 把……和……联系起来
8．without equal 无与伦比
9．make up for 弥补
10．not to mention 更不用说……
五、教材佳句会运用
1．不论我的情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。(no matter how引导让步状语从句)
No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
2．不知不觉中，我便又开心起来了。(before引导时间状语从句)
Before I know it, I'm happy again.
3．如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My son likes the ice-cream of six different flavours (味道)in that shop.
2．The two newspapers gave different versions (说法)of what happened.
3．The best times to visit Shangri-La are spring and autumn when the temperature is at its mildest (温和的)．
4．The tree is estimated (估计)to be at least 700 years old.
5．Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding (使扩大)the area of the fields.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Having walked in the cave for a long time, they climbed out at last to breathe the fresh air greedily (greedy)．
2．Don't eat too much salty (salt)food. It is not good for your health.
3．The young man speaks gently (gentle)and everyone likes him.
4．What an adorable (adore)child!
5．The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist (cycle)who won the competition.
Ⅲ.选词填空
do the trick; throw oneself into; cry out for; hit the spot; out of this world
1．Upon graduation, Feynman threw himself into scientific research on atomic bombs.
2．Taking a nice hot bath would really hit the spot．
3．These pills should do the trick and you'll feel much better in no time.
4．Having been working for hours, I am crying out for something to drink at the moment.
5．Any native in the UK considers the fish and chips out of this world．
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．这是一本非常有趣的书。无论它可能会花多少钱，我都会买它。(no matter how引导让步状语从句)
This is a very interesting book. I'll buy it, no matter how much it may cost．
2．不久就会有人来看你。(before引导时间状语从句)
It won't be a long time before someone comes to see you．
3．据说他又写了一部电视剧。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
It's said that he has written another TV play.
课时作业25
(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2025·湖北武汉重点中学联考)
For thousands of years, people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3，000 years ago, Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today，cooked corn kernels(玉米粒)in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew.
With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3，500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight.
Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A particular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs)，heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles. At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor，or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself At the turn of the 21st century, some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past. Yet rates of obesity were still rising. This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals.
By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems. But a recent analysis by Samnel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat, sugar and salt, UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health. That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile.
Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health—such as income and education—observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.Ame Astrup, a Danish researcher, argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离)the effects of processing are “not good enough”．
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今人们对深度加工的担忧。众多研究表明摄入超加工食品多的人健康问题更多，但其危害的来源尚不明确。
1．Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels？(　A　)
A．To ensure better consumption.
B．To enable easy handling.
C．To discover new solutions.
D．To facilitate safe storage.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mesoamericans…cooked corn kernels(玉米粒)in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew.”可知，中美洲人加工玉米粒是为了释放其营养成分，软化其坚硬的外壳，使其更易于咀嚼，即为了确保更好地食用。故选A项。
2．What do the data in paragraph 2 show？(　C　)
A．The history of food industry.
B．The benefits of preserved food.
C．The results of food mass production.
D．The development of food processing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，第二段中的数据表明食品大规模生产的结果。故选C项。
3．What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods？(　D　)
A．Their popularity is in decline.
B．Their presence changes Brazilians' diet.
C．Their nutrients can make up for their risks.
D．Their processing methods arouse concerns.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing…heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.”可知，超加工食品的加工方式引起了人们的关注和担忧。故选D项。
4．Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs？(　A　)
A．Many factors affect the results.
B．The related statistics are inaccurate.
C．The studies lack enough evidence.
D．The causes of harm remain unknown.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health…observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.”可知，观察性研究无法确定超加工食品的影响是因为有许多因素会影响研究结果。故选A项。
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)
Artificial food dye is an additive used to color a product. “The dye is artificial if it originates from a non-food source，” explains Jamie Alan, PhD, an associate professor of pharmacology and toxicology at Michigan State University. “For example, red dye No.40 is made from petroleum products.”“By comparison, natural food dyes are those that are extracted from plants or animal tissues，” says Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, PhD, professor and director of the Center for Food Safety at the University of Georgia.
A growing body of research has linked artificial food dyes, especially Red No.40, to many health issues.“There is data in animals that some of these dyes may cause cancer，” Alan says. “While there is certainly the potential to cause cancer, there haven't been any human studies with definitive data to support this.” But studies on humans do show that some dyes can increase certain behaviors—especially in kids—like hyperactivity. “Some children are more sensitive than other children, and sometimes even a small dose can cause these effects，” Alan says.
A 2021 report analyzed data from studies on both animals and humans who were exposed to food dyes. The report included “challenge studies”， for which children were given dyes and observed to see how they reacted afterward. In 16 of the 25 studies of the report, there was a link between children taking the dyes and having hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral(神经行为的)problems afterward.
A 2022 mouse study found that Red No.40 and Red No.17 could cause inflammatory bowel diseases while a 2023 study on mice linked Red No.40 to DNA damage and colonic inflammation. Some people may also experience “allergy-like signs” from having these dyes, Diez-Gonzalez says.
But Diez-Gonzalez notes that it's important for people to be aware that more research is needed. “The cancer concerns mostly originate from animal studies that often use very large experimental doses，” he says. “For several of those dyes, the evidence of a harmful effect has not been conclusive.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造食用色素的来源，阐述了越来越多的研究将其与健康问题联系起来，同时也指出对其危害的研究还需进一步深入。
5．What can be inferred from the first three paragraphs？(　D　)
A.Some artificial food dyes cause humans cancer.
B.Dyes from plants and animals are more popular.
C.Artificial food dyes can be obtained more easily.
D.Possibly Red No.40 can result in health problems.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“A growing body of research has linked artificial food dyes…to many health issues.”和“studies on humans do show that some dyes can increase certain behaviors—especially in kids—like hyperactivity”以及第三段的内容可知，越来越多的研究表明，人造食用色素，尤其是红色40号，与诸多健康问题有关。针对人类的研究表明，一些色素会增加某些行为，尤其是儿童的行为，比如多动症。2021年的一份报告分析了接触食用色素的动物和人类的研究数据。在该报告的25项研究中，有16项研究表明儿童食用色素与多动症及其他神经行为问题之间存在关联。由此可推知，红色40号可能会导致健康问题。故选D项。
6．Why is “challenge” used in paragraph 3？(　D　)
A．Scientists couldn't find enough evidence.
B．Carrying out experiments took too much time and money.
C．Experiments on humans were more complex than on animals.
D.Scientists were not willing to do such experiments on children.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“The report included ‘challenge studies’， for which children were given dyes…problems afterward.”可知，使用“challenge”一词是为了表明科学家们不愿意在儿童身上做这样的实验。故选D项。
7．What do Diez-Gonzalez's words in the last paragraph suggest？(　B　)
A．Mice are allergic to artificial food dyes.
B．Studies about artificial food dyes on humans are not adequate.
C．Red artificial food dyes are the key factor leading to mouse cancer.
D.Only by being taken in large doses can artificial food dyes do harm to humans.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，关于人造食用色素对人类影响的研究还不充分。故选B项。
8．What does the text mainly talk about？(　C　)
A．Various opinions about artificial food dyes.
B.Experiments on mice about artificial food dyes.
C.The research about safety of artificial food dyes.
D．The connection between cancer and Red No.40.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了人造食用色素的来源，阐述了越来越多的研究将其与健康问题联系起来，同时也指出对其危害的研究还需进一步深入。C项“关于人造食用色素安全性的研究”能概括文章大意。故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·湖南长沙模拟)
I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.We headed home and walked into the __1__.A flicker (闪烁)of light caught my eye just as I __2__ the door.I turned my head to see that a __3__ firefly had flown in with us through the open __4__ and was now crazily trying to __5__.As it flew slowly towards the wall, I quickly but __6__ closed my fingers around it.I could feel its little wings beat against my __7__ and a flash of light shown through my fingers.I opened the back door and __8__ outside.Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away flashing its light in the __9__.
Before I walked back in, I took the __10__ to look over the grassland behind my home.There were hundreds of fireflies flickering.Each time their lights came on, I smiled.It was so amazing that such little creatures could __11__ so much light.I stood there in awe.
__12__ the lightening fireflies made me think of the light each of us __13__ inside of ourselves.Often it flickers and is not steady or even very bright.Yet, every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter.And every time we __14__ the light, we can __15__ the light in others to shine as well.
Do your best to shine your light even if you think it is a mere flicker.You are a lot brighter than you think.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过与萤火虫的一次互动，引发了对生命、光明和内心光芒的深刻思考。
1．(　B　)A.forest B．house
C．grassland D．garden
解析：根据上文的“We headed home and walked into the”可知， “我”遛完狗后走进了屋子(house)，故选B。forest“森林”；grassland“草地”；garden“花园，菜园”。
2．(　D　)A.kicked B．repaired
C．touched D．closed
解析：根据上文的“walked into the __1__” 和下文的“I opened the back door”可知，当“我”关门(close)时，一抹亮光引起了“我”的注意，故选D。kick“踢，踹”；repair“修理，修补”；touch “碰，接触”。
3．(　C　)A.blind B．familiar
C．tiny D．dangerous
解析：根据下文的“I could feel its little wings”和“such little creatures”可知，“我”转过头来，看到一只小(tiny)萤火虫飞了进来，故选C。blind“失明的”；familiar“熟悉的，常见到的”；dangerous“危险的”。
4．(　C　)A.cage B．hand
C．door D．sky
解析：根据上文的“A flicker(闪烁)of light…the door.”可知，一只小萤火虫从开着的门(door)飞了进来，故选C。cage“笼子”；hand“手”；sky“天空”。
5．(　A　)A.get out B．fight back
C．speed up D．stay on
解析：根据上文可知，这只萤火虫在“我”开门时不小心飞到屋内，所以它试图飞出去(get out)，故选A。fight back“奋力抵抗，反击”；speed up “(使)加速”；stay on“继续停留”。
6．(　A　)A.gently B．warmly
C．similarly D．regularly
解析：根据上文语境可知，“我”快速但轻轻地(gently)合拢了手指，故选A。warmly“温暖地，亲切地，热烈地”；similarly“相似地，类似地，同样”；regularly“有规律地，经常”。
7．(　C　)A.head B．heart
C．skin D．eye
解析：根据上文的“closed my fingers around it”可知，萤火虫在“我”手中，所以它的翅膀会拍打 “我”手部的皮肤 (skin)，故选C。
8．(　B　)A.escaped B．stepped
C．survived D．waited
解析：根据下文的“Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away”可知，“我”打开后门，走到(step)外面，故选B。escape“逃走，逃脱”；survive“生存，存活，幸存”；wait“等候，等待”。
9．(　D　)A.trees B．noise
C．crowds D．darkness
解析：根据文章首句“I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.”可知，“我”张开手，看着萤火虫在黑暗(darkness)中闪着光飞走了，故选D。crowd“人群，观众”。
10．(　C　)A.wish B．plan
C．time D．promise
解析：根据下文的“to look over the grassland behind my home”可知，“我”花了点时间(time)去看“我”家后面的草地，故选C。wish“希望，愿望，心愿”；plan“计划”；promise“诺言，许诺”。
11．(　B　)A.reflect B．produce
C．stand D．absorb
解析：根据上文的“There were hundreds of fireflies flickering. Each time their lights came on”可知，“我”对这些小萤火虫能发出(produce)这么多光感到很惊讶，故选B。reflect“反映，反射(光、热或声音)”；stand “忍受，容忍”；absorb“吸收，理解，掌握”。
12．(　A　)A.Watching B．Catching
C．Guiding D．Rescuing
解析：根据上文的“look over the grassland behind my home. There were hundreds of fireflies flickering”可知，“我”看着(watch)萤火虫在黑暗中闪烁着光芒，故选A。catch“逮住，捕捉”；guide “指导，指引，引领”；rescue“营救，救援”。
13．(　D　)A.misses B．receives
C．blocks D．carries
解析：根据上文的“the light each of us”和下文的“inside of ourselves ”可知，此处指的是我们每个人都携带(carry)光，故选D。miss“未击中，未察觉”；receive“收到，得到”；block“堵塞，妨碍”。
14．(　B　)A.hide B．share
C．avoid D．understand
解析：根据上文的“every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter”可知，当我们分享(share)自己的光时，也能让他人身上的光闪耀起来，故选B。hide“遮住，掩盖”；avoid“避免，防止，躲避”；understand“明白，理解，了解”。
15．(　A　)A.awaken B．follow
C．request D．permit
解析：根据上文的“every time we shine it，we grow a little brighter”和下文的“the light in others to shine as well”可知，当我们分享自己的光时，也能唤醒(awaken)他人身上的光，故选A。follow“跟随，跟着”；request“请求，要求”；permit“允许，准许”。
课时作业26
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2026·江西赣州八校联考)
Leafy vegetables are widely considered to be a healthy and refreshing food choice. Eating enough vegetables which are packed with fiber, vitamins and minerals supports your overall health. However, it can be tough for all sorts of people, from busy moms to picky kids, to get the leafy greens their bodies need. That's why many people are attracted by an emerging trend called “dinosaur time”．
The trend, which encourages people to get their daily serving of leafy greens by gobbling (狼吞虎咽)them up like dinosaurs, originated with former middle school science teacher, CrossFit enthusiast and stay-at-home mom, Amy Garrett. Garrett's online videos have millions of views and have inspired others to gobble down on the healthy trend.
Garrett's recipe consists of eating fistfuls (一把)of romaine lettuce, spinach, or other greens, without preparing them or putting them in a salad. Instead, she consumes them like she came straight out of the dinosaur era, often with dinosaur-themed music playing in the background. She also emphasizes the importance of washing vegetables before eating them, if they aren't already pre-washed.
It isn't just grown-ups that get inspired by “dinosaur time”. Young children naturally enjoy pretending to be dinosaurs and parents, with the help of this odd trend, are using their little ones' imaginations to encourage them to eat more healthily.
“‘Dinosaur time’ isn't intended to replace meals，” Garrett told the New York Post. “The recipe is intended to be a supplement (补充)to an existing meal to get your greens out of the way so you can enjoy the things you actually like to eat, whether that be a burger, a slice of pizza, a sandwich, etc.”
A warning: People who are at risk of kidney stones should think twice before following the trend and those who are on blood thinners should consult their doctors before changing their diet.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种在网络上引起广泛关注的饮食趋势——“恐龙时间”，这种饮食方式模仿恐龙的进食方式，鼓励人们直接大量食用绿叶蔬菜，以此促进健康饮食。
1．What can be learned from paragraph 1？(　A　)
A．It's beneficial to eat leafy greens.
B．Food choices are limited currently.
C．Parents and kids argue over eating.
D．Many people hate cooking at home.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Leafy vegetables are widely considered…supports your overall health.”可知，绿叶蔬菜富含纤维、维生素和矿物质，有助于整体健康，因此吃绿叶蔬菜有益。故选A项。
2．What are those strictly following Garrett's recipe unlikely to do？(　C　)
A．Listen to music over meals sometimes.
B．Ensure their food is washed before eating.
C．Eat well-cooked leafy vegetables all the time.
D．Refuse to prepare a vegetable salad on a busy day.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，按照Garrett的做法，蔬菜是清洗后直接食用，而不是煮熟再吃。故选C项。
3．Which of the following shows the author's opinion？(　C　)
A．It's unnecessary to eat what you dislike.
B．Garrett's recipe is a challenge for parents.
C．“Dinosaur time” isn't suitable for everyone.
D．Doctors should ask patients to eat vegetables.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这种饮食方式并不适合所有人，有肾结石风险的人应该慎重考虑后再决定是否跟风，正在服用抗凝血药物的人改变饮食前要咨询医生。故选C项。
4．What is the text mainly about？(　B　)
A．A popular solution that replaces meals.
B．A trend that encourages healthy eating.
C．A traditional lifestyle that excites kids.
D．A recipe that frees parents from cooking.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了“恐龙时间”这种新兴趋势，它鼓励人们像恐龙一样直接吃绿叶蔬菜，从而促进健康饮食。故选B项。
(2025·广东湛江模拟)
Scientists think that microplastics from ultra-processed (超加工的)foods may be building up in our brains. What they have found was shown in four papers in Brain Medicine recently, suggesting a possible connection to the rise in mental health problems like depression.
The cover of Brain Medicine shows a human brain filled with colorful microplastic particles (微粒)，next to a plastic spoon. This image highlights a key finding: Human brains may contain about “a spoonful” of microplastic material. Ultra-processed foods, which now make up over 50% of energy intake in the US, contain far more microplastics than whole foods. These tiny plastic particles, less than 5 millimeters in size, can get into human brains and increase significantly in large amounts.
Studies have shown a link between eating ultra-processed foods and negative mental health. People who eat such foods have a 22% higher risk of depression, a 48% higher risk of anxiety, and a 41% higher risk of poor sleep. The new assumption is that microplastics could be the missing link in this connection. For example, a type of processed chicken has 30 times more microplastics per gram than fresh chicken breasts. Recent findings in Nature Medicine also revealed high levels of microplastics in the human brain, and these levels were three to five times higher in people with serious mental decline. Ultra-processed foods and microplastics seem to damage human brains through similar biological processes, like causing deleterious reactions and stress inside human bodies.
To study this further, researchers suggest creating a Dietary Microplastic Index (DMI)with the aim of measuring microplastic exposure from food. Another paper shows that a modern technique might be able to remove microplastic particles from the blood, but more research is needed. In conclusion, while more studies are required, it is clear that reducing ultra-processed food consumption and finding ways to remove microplastics from our bodies are important. After all, as the saying goes, “You are what you eat.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现超加工食品中的微塑料可能会在大脑中积累，并可能与抑郁症等心理健康问题有关。文章还解释了微塑料对人体的危害，提出了相关研究建议，并强调需要减少超加工食品的摄入，同时探索清除人体内微塑料的方法。
5．How does the author introduce the topic of the text？(　D　)
A．By giving examples.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By providing statistics.
D．By presenting a discovery.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章开篇通过介绍科学家最新的研究发现引出话题，即微塑料可能与心理健康问题相关。由此推知，作者是通过公布科学发现引出主题。故选D项。
6．What can we learn about microplastics from the cover of Brain Medicine？(　C　)
A．They look like spoons.
B．They can be too tiny to be found.
C．They may build up in the human brain.
D．They are primarily found in whole foods.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The cover of Brain Medicine shows…of microplastic material.”可知，封面图展示了人脑中可能含有约“一勺子”的微塑料，由此可推断微塑料能够在大脑中积聚。故选C项。
7．What does the underlined word “deleterious” in paragraph 3 mean？(　B　)
A．Vague. B．Harmful.
C．Positive. D．Necessary.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段“Ultra-processed foods and microplastics seem to damage human brains through similar biological processes, like causing deleterious reactions and stress inside human bodies.”可知，画线词deleterious与stress并列，表示负面影响，意为“有害的”。故选B项。
8．What is DMI used to do according to the text？(　A　)
A．Assess the intake of microplastics through food.
B．Measure the amount of microplastics in the blood.
C.Promote the consumption of ultra-processed foods.
D.Facilitate the removal of microplastics from the body.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“To study this further…microplastic exposure from food.”可知，DMI的作用是衡量人类通过食物摄入的微塑料量。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2026·湖南名校联合体联考)
Research presented suggests that people who eat slowly are less likely than speed-eaters to become overweight or to develop metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征)，which involves a variety of conditions associated with stroke, heart disease and diabetes. 1(____)
In 2008, Japanese researchers, led by Hiroshima University cardiologist Dr Takayuki Yamaji, hired over 1，000 healthy Japanese adults. 2(____)At the same time, the researchers tracked these adults' health for the next five years.
Eighty-four people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome during those five years, with a clear connection between eating speed and development of the disease. The incidence rate was 11.6% among fast eaters, 6.5% among normal eaters and just 2.3% among slow eaters. 3(____)Moreover, they had more chance to suffer from higher blood sugar.
4(____)In reality, a lot of research has shown that eating fast is associated with weight gain and other health issues. “You probably do eat more because you are eating so quickly. You really don't have any idea of what you've eaten，” says American Heart Association spokesperson Dr Nieca Goldberg. “When you eat slowly, you are much more aware of your eating. You are chewing your food properly and you're also slowing down digestion.”
Goldberg says that it should take at least 30 minutes to eat a meal. 5(____)Goldberg suggests eating with a friend, cutting your food into smaller pieces, chewing more, taking deep breaths and setting your fork down between bites.
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究表明慢食更健康，快食易导致超重和代谢综合征等问题，并给出慢食建议。
1．E　解析：空前一句说明吃得慢的人比吃得快的人更不容易超重或患代谢综合征，空处应总结这一研究结论，E项(这表明在饮食方面，慢而稳者胜)承接上文研究结果，概括了“吃得慢更健康”的核心观点，符合语境。
2．G　解析：空前提到2008年日本研究人员招募了超过1 000名健康成年人，空处应补充研究过程中对这些受试者的具体操作，G项(他们要求这些成人描述自己的饮食速度——慢、正常或快)符合研究逻辑，既呼应了招募受试者的前提，又为后续追踪健康与进食速度的关系铺垫，衔接自然。
3．D　解析：空前一句说明五年间84人被诊断出代谢综合征，且进食速度与患病概率相关，空处应进一步说明快食者的其他健康问题，D项(快食者也更有可能体重更重)与上文患病率数据形成递进，补充了快食的另一个负面影响，且与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
4．B　解析：空前后均说明快食与健康问题的关系，空处起总起句作用，B项(以上那些结果不那么令人惊讶)起过渡作用，既认可上文日本研究结果的合理性，又引出下文，使上下文逻辑连贯。
5．F　解析：空前提到一顿饭至少需要30分钟，空处应承上启下，提出针对快食者的建议，F项(所以，如果你倾向于吃得快，你可能需要训练自己放慢速度)既呼应上文观点，又为下文具体建议做铺垫，符合语境。(共150张PPT)
选择性必修第一册　
Unit 1　Food matters
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
The Joy of Cooking
In a small town, the local 1.chef (n.厨师)，Mr Wang, brings joy to his community with his 2.delicate (adj.精致的)and flavourful dishes. His 3.desserts (n.甜点)are especially renowned, each a 4.combination (n.结合)of traditional and modern tastes. Mr Wang believes that food should not only satisfy the 5.appetite (n.食欲)but also create a 6.bond (n.纽带)between people.
chef
delicate
desserts
combination
appetite
bond
His restaurant is a cozy place where people come for a sense of security and comfort. The 7.atmosphere (n.氛围)here is always 8.mild (adj.温和的)and welcoming, reflecting Mr Wang's belief in the 9.essential (adj.基本的)role of food in creating a pleasant 10.mood (n.心情). The 11.scenery (n.风景)outside, with its plain beauty, complements the warm environment inside.
atmosphere
mild
essential
mood
scenery
Mr Wang often uses 12.multiple (adj.多样的)13.flavours (n.味道)to 14.enhance (vt.增强)the experience of his dishes. He varies his recipes based on the season, using 15.native (adj.本地的)ingredients to promote sustainability. Each meal he serves is a way to 16.digest (vt.消化)the rich culture and history of the town.
multiple
flavours
enhance
native
digest
The 17.property (n.特性)of his cooking lies in its ability to 18.generate (vt.引起)happiness. Whether it's a bitter winter evening or a 19.damp (adj.潮湿的)summer day, his food always seems to 20.relieve (vt.缓和)the 21.emotion (n.情绪)of his diners. As they consume his meals, there's a sense of unity and peace, showing how food can 22.link (vt.把……连接起来)us in the most profound ways.
property
generate
damp
relieve
emotion
link
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations (combine)and idiomatic phrases.
②He carried on the business in combination with his friends.
③(2023·全国甲卷)The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined (combine)with modern cooking methods.
A
重难考点
combinations
in
combined
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④均衡的饮食与定期锻炼相结合会更有利于我们的健康。
A balanced diet can be better for our health when combined with regular exercise. (应用文写作之建议信)
when combined with
regular exercise
知识归纳
(1)a combination of A and B A与B的结合
in combination with
与……结合；与……联合
(2)combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合；兼做；合并
combine…with/and… 把……与……结合起来；兼有……和……
[写作佳句]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The fresh air and warm sunshine made the whole experience delightful.It felt amazing to combine art with nature in such a harmonious way.(活动介绍)
新鲜的空气和温暖的阳光使整个体验非常愉快。以如此和谐的方式将艺术与自然结合在一起感觉真是太棒了。
2 association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2022·天津6月卷)The Spoken English Club situated on the ground floor in our library has been set up in association with our foreign teachers，who associate our fluent English with more active practice.
②(2023·全国甲、乙卷听力)Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or associations (associate)．
③If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are sure to achieve success.
in
with
associations
with
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
→There are many serious health problems associated with smoking．(过去分词短语作定语)
→There are many serious health problems in association with smoking．(介词短语作定语)
associated with
smoking
in association with
smoking
知识归纳
(1)in association with 与……有关联，与……联合
association with… 和……的关联/交往
the Student Association 学生协会
(2)associate v. 联想，联系
associate…with… 把……和……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往
(3)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的
be associated with… 和……有联系
[写作佳句]　(2025·浙江1月卷)The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women.
通常与男性相关的刻板印象，如竞争性和支配性，比那些与女性相关的刻板印象更受重视。
3 link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·全国乙卷)It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.
②(2025·全国一卷)This new column perfectly links students' creativity to/with practical thinking skills.
③(2025·全国二卷)Volunteering during teenage years has been linked(link)to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.

between
to/with
been
linked
④We linked up with Daily Express to help run the campaign.
⑤The company has had strong links (link)with its suppliers and customers over the years.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑥毫无疑问，这个人与这起盗窃案有密切的联系。
→There is no doubt that this man is closely linked to the theft．(link v．)
→There is no doubt that there is a close link between the man and the theft．(link n．)
with
links
this man is closely linked to the theft
there is a close link between the man and the
theft
知识归纳
(1)link…to/with… 把……和……连接起来/联系起来
be linked to/with… 与……相关
be closely/directly/strongly linked with…与……有着密不可分的关系
link up with 与……联手协作
(2)a link/links between…and… ……和……之间的联系
a link/links between… ……之间的联系
have strong links with… 和……关系牢固
[名师指津]　①join…to… 把……与……连接起来
②connect…with/to… 把……与……连接起来
③associate…with… 把……与……联系在一起
④relate…to… 把……与……联系起来
4 expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion (expand)．
②The society has expanded (expand)into a worldwide organization in recent years.
③(2023·全国甲卷)As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
expansion
has expanded
into
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④(2021·全国甲卷)我们老师在班会上详细阐述了这个活动的细节。
It was at the class meeting that our teacher expanded on/upon the details of the activity．(应用文写作之咨询信)
expanded on/upon the
details of the activity
知识归纳
(1)expand into… 扩展到……
expand on/upon 详细阐述；详述
expand one's knowledge/horizons 拓展某人知识/开阔某人视野
(2)expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充
[写作佳句]　For one thing, I have participated in many voluntary activities, which expands my knowledge and horizons． (应用文写作之申请信)
一方面，我参加过许多志愿者活动，这拓展了我的知识，开阔了我的视野。
5 estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They estimate the cost of the trip to the Li River at $5，000.
②The number of the foggy days in our city last year was estimated to be (be)over 35.
③But now I know we shouldn't underestimate (estimate)a stranger's ability to influence another's life because the effects can be great.
at
to
be
underestimate
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
it is estimated that
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　I regret to inform you that the conference is estimated to start two hours later than originally scheduled.(应用文写作之通知)
我很遗憾地通知你，会议预计将比原计划晚两小时开始。
(1)estimate sth. at 估算
be estimated to be/have/cost…估计是/有/花费……
estimate that… 估计……
It is estimated that… 据估计……
(2)underestimate v. 低估
6 mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①They tend to keep to themselves and don't mix much with the neighbors.
②Mixing (mix)the cream with the sauce releases a wonderful flavour which stimulates our appetite.
③(2023·全国甲卷)They cause mixed (mix)feelings in people.
④The colors are mixed up with each other, creating a beautiful and vibrant blend.
with
Mixing
mixed
up
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤(2025·全国一卷)他打开了它，脸上露出惊讶和谨慎的神情。
He opened it，with his face showing a mixture of surprise and caution. (读后续写之动作、表情描写)

showing a mixture of
知识归纳
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合体
(2)mix vt. 使混合；配制
mix…with… 把……与……混合
mix up…with… 把……与……混合起来
mix with… 混合，与……混在一起；与……交际/交往
(3)mixed adj. 混合的；人员混杂的
[写作佳句]　Mixed with wind, the rain was falling onto my face, which made me have a mixture of loneliness and horror.(读后续写之环境、情感描写)
夹杂着风，雨落到了我的脸上，使我既孤独又恐惧。
7 do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you.
②He tried to trick the police into believing (believe)that he had done good deeds.
③To get you started, we have asked five successful writers to reveal some of the tricks (trick)of the trade.
④She fell for a trick, believing that the product was genuine when it was actually a fake.
on
believing
tricks
a
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤他骗走了她的钱，使她相信这是出于正当的理由。
He tricked her out of her money, convincing her that it was for a good cause.(读后续写之动作描写)

tricked her out of her money,
知识归纳
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb. 拿某人开玩笑，捉弄某人
fall for a trick 上当
the trick of (doing)sth. (做)某事的诀窍/技巧
(2)trick sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
[写作佳句]　To his relief, it did the trick. The wolf fell back.(读后续写之情感描写)
让他松了一口气的是，这个方法奏效了，狼向后退去。
8 throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)My teacher eagerly persuaded me, “You won't be cast down only if you throw yourself into writing.”
②He got terribly drunk and was throwing up for most of the night.
③She entered the room and threw off her wet coat as soon as possible.
④Do you often throw away things you don't need anymore
⑤This information may throw light on the mystery.
into
up
off
away
on
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥我不想对你的想法泼冷水，不过我认为你过于乐观了。
I don't intend to throw cold water on your idea(s)， but I suppose you are actually over-optimistic.(应用文写作之建议信)
throw cold water on your idea(s)
知识归纳
throw away 扔掉；浪费；失去
throw light on 提供线索
throw off 匆匆脱掉；摆脱
throw up 呕出(食物)
throw cold water on 泼冷水
throw a shadow over… 给……蒙上阴影
[写作佳句]　The sudden death of her lovely pet dog has thrown a shadow over her current days.(读后续写之情景描写)
她可爱的宠物狗的突然死亡给她现在的生活蒙上了阴影。
9 句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语
(教材原句)The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends．
热辣的味道让大家谈笑起来更有兴致，这顿饭成了与友人放松的最佳方式。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2023·全国甲卷)Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving (leave)a profound impact on Chinese society.
②I turned back to the tractor only to see (see)it move suddenly away from me.
leaving
to see
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③我作为交换生在英国学习英语三年，这能让我流利地说英语。
→I studied English in England for three years as an exchange student. It allowed me to speak English fluently．
→I studied English in England for three years as an exchange student, which allowed me to speak English fluently．(定语从句)
→I studied English in England for three years as an exchange student, allowing me to speak English fluently．(现在分词短语作状语)
It allowed me to speak English fluently
which allowed me to speak English fluently
allowing me to speak English fluently
知识归纳
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，前面有时可加上thus表示强调。
(2)此结构通常位于句末，且常用逗号和前面的句子成分隔开。
(3)现在分词(短语)和不定式作结果状语的区别：现在分词(短语)一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式，如only to do，常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。
[写作佳句]　(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)Recently, a lot of new energy trams have been launched, allowing us to use more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles．(应用文写作之发言稿)
最近新推出了很多新能源电车，让我们能使用更节能环保的交通工具。
10 句型公式：it be＋过去分词＋that…
(教材原句)Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！
[基础检测]—— 补全句子
①It is known that (众所周知)Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to be sent into space.
②It is expected that (预计)such bitter weather will last for one month.
It is known that
It is expected that
③To their credit, it is estimated that (据估计)the project will create more job opportunities for laid-off workers.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④据说现在这个发电厂是以前的两倍大。
It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
it is estimated that
It's said that
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　It is believed that regular exercise can improve one's physical and mental well-being.(应用文写作之建议信)
人们认为定期锻炼可以改善一个人的身体和心理健康。
(1)此句型中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。that仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，不可省略。
(2)本句型中常用的过去分词有said、reported、thought、believed、known、expected、announced、estimated、supposed等。
[查漏补缺]
1．There is a strong emotional bond between mother and child.
2．The sun and water are essential for/to the growth of crops.
3．The children were let loose (loosely)in the park to play after school.
4．I'll bet this unique flavour is out of this world.
5．When the naughty boy was running in the rain，his coat was covered with spots of mud.
6．On a cool day like today a cup of hot cocoa really hits (hit)the spot.
B
拾遗考点
and
for/to
loose
of
with
hits
7．Not to mention (mention)the fact that it was freezing cold outside, the thought of having to go to work was unbearable.
8．His talent in music is without equal in the school, so his parents take him as a pride.
9．The smell of freshly baked bread transported me back to my childhood summers spent at my grandmother's house.
10．Watching the plane take off into the clouds, she realized her dreams were finally coming true.
to mention
without
to
off
知识点拨
1.be covered with 被……盖满；充满着……
2．transport/bring sb. back to… 把某人运/带回到……
3．a bond between…and… ……和……之间的纽带
4．take off 起飞；脱下；匆匆离开；迅速流行
5．be essential to/for…(to是介词)对……是极其重要/必不可少的
6．let sth. loose 释放；放任
7．hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要
8．out of this world 好(或美等)得不得了，非凡的，极好的
9．without equal 无与伦比
10．not to mention 更不用说……
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．(2025·北京卷)For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination (combine)of someone's values, beliefs, goals and social roles.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)Dogs are known for their impressive (impress)fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch.
3．(2025·全国二卷)So eager are our student readers to learn about sports in Canada that I wanted to gently (gentle)check on the progress of your article.
4．They have maintained a close association (associate)with a college in the US.
combination
impressive
gently
association
5．During the festival, the security (secure)department should take responsibility to make people feel secure.
6．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He tried muscle－relaxing drugs but found little relief (relieve)．
7．His face was familiar to her but she couldn't call to mind where she had seen him before.
8．Diligence can make up for a lack of intelligence.
9．(2023·全国甲卷)His teachings remind us of the importance of integrity, compassion, and social responsibility.
10．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People often link their memory of what they've read to/with how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
security
relief
to
for
of
to/with
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．association
(1)The book was published in association with English Heritage．C
(2)I'm writing this letter in the hope of getting the chance to be a volunteer of our School English Association．A
(3)The cat soon made the association between human beings and food.B
A.n. 协会；联盟；社团　B．n. 联系；联想　C．n. 关联；联合
C
A
B
2．mild
(1)Different from me, my twin sister prefers mild cheese.D
(2)(2025·全国一卷)I decided to seek my brother's forgiveness, knowing that family relationships required mild understanding and patience.A
(3)That he suffered from a mild heart attack surprised all of us.C
(4)With its mild climate, the place usually attracts visitors from home and abroad.B
A.adj. 温和的；温柔的　B．adj. 温暖的，暖和的　C．adj. 轻微的；不严重的　D．adj. 味淡的；不浓的
D
A
C
B
3．delicate
(1)Although the coral looks hard, it is very delicate．B
(2)The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body.D
(3)(2024·全国甲卷)From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物)create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs.A
(4)I admired your delicate handling of the tough situation.C
A.adj. 精致的；精细的；精密的　B．adj. 易碎的；易损的　C．adj. 需要技巧的　D．adj. 脆弱的
B
D
A
C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)Somehow, the mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic.
n. 气氛，氛围
点拨：mood(熟义)n. 情绪，心情。此处意为“气氛，氛围”。
(2)We're surprised that the monthly news digest attracts the little girl so much.n. 摘要
点拨：digest(熟义)vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解。此处用作名词，意为“摘要”。
n. 气氛，氛围
n. 摘要
(3)If the structure of your speech is loose and confusing, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confusing.adj. 不严谨的
点拨：loose(熟义)adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的。此处意为“不严谨的”。
adj. 不严谨的
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假设你是李华，你来国际餐厅吃饭，发现提供的饭菜中肉不新鲜，有酸腐味，然后投诉。之后，餐厅表示歉意，提供了新的煎牛排。请用英语给你的英国好友David写一封信，讲述发生的事。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①但令我愤怒的是，其中一道菜有一种明显的酸味，这表明它不是新鲜的。
But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, which indicated it wasn't fresh.
one of them had a distinct sour flavour,
②我失望的情绪很明显。
My emotion of disappointment was evident.
③我立即向工作人员提出了这个问题，并告知他们肉的味道和肉的新鲜度是紧密联系的。
I immediately raised the issue with the staff, telling them the flavour of meat is closely linked to its freshness．
④值得赞扬的是，他们承认了这个错误并道歉，迅速给我换了一份新的煎牛排。
To their credit, they acknowledged the error, apologized to me and quickly replaced it with a new helping of fried steak．
emotion of disappointment
of meat is closely linked to its freshness
a new helping of fried steak
telling them the flavour
⑤最初的经历并不令人愉快。
The initial experience was not pleasant.
⑥餐厅的迅速反应弥补了这一点。
The restaurant's prompt response made up for it．
The initial experience
made up for it
Step 2句式升级
⑦将句①升级为现在分词作状语的句子
But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, indicating it wasn't fresh.
⑧将句⑤和句⑥合并成含有让步状语从句的句子
While the initial experience was not pleasant, the restaurant's prompt response made up for it.
But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, indicating it wasn't fresh.
While the initial experience was not pleasant, the restaurant's prompt response made up for it.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear David，
I hope this letter finds you in good spirits. I recently had quite an upsetting experience at a restaurant. I ordered some dishes that contained five kinds of meat. But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, indicating it wasn't fresh. Therefore, my emotion of disappointment was evident.
Dear David，
I hope this letter finds you in good spirits. I recently had quite an upsetting experience at a restaurant. I ordered some dishes that contained five kinds of meat. But to my anger, one of them had a distinct sour flavour, indicating it wasn't fresh. Therefore, my emotion of disappointment was evident.
However, I immediately raised the issue with the staff, telling them the flavour of meat is closely linked to its freshness. To their credit, they acknowledged the error, apologized to me and quickly replaced it with a new helping of fried steak．
In conclusion, while the initial experience was not pleasant, the restaurant's prompt response made up for it.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
However, I immediately raised the issue with the staff, telling them the flavour of meat is closely linked to its freshness. To their credit, they acknowledged the error, apologized to me and quickly replaced it with a new helping of fried steak．
In conclusion, while the initial experience was not pleasant, the restaurant's prompt response made up for it.
Warm regards，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
情感细节描写：困惑与迷茫
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.confused adj.困惑的
2．puzzled adj.迷惑的
3．lost adj.迷茫的，迷路的
4．uncertain/unsure adj.不确定的
5．doubtful adj.怀疑的
6．blank adj.茫然的
词块 1.be at a loss 不知所措
2．scratch one's head 挠头(表示困惑)
3．a puzzled/confused look 困惑的表情
4．a blank expression 茫然的表情
5．feel lost and uncertain 感到迷茫和不确定
6．shrug one's shoulders 耸耸肩(表示不知或不确定)
7．couldn't make sense of 无法理解
8．have no idea 不知道
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．马奥尼的脉搏跳得很快，他感到很困惑。(confused)
Mahoney's pulse was racing, and he felt confused．
2．他们在楼梯的顶头停了下来，不知道下一步朝哪个方向走。(doubtful)
They paused at the top of the stairs, doubtful as to which way to go next.

felt confused
doubtful as to
3．她原希望能得到一些宽慰，估计她父亲会耸耸肩头对她说：“你这小姑娘发神经了。”
She wanted to be reassured and to see her father shrug his shoulders and say to her: “You are a little goose.”
4．作为一名新生，他在巨大的校园里感到很迷茫。(lost)
As a new student, he felt lost on the huge campus．
5．当被问及未来时，他表情茫然，不知道该说什么。(blank)
He had a blank expression when asked about the future, not knowing what to say.
shrug his shoulders
felt lost on the huge campus
had a blank expression
任务2　语段表达
I opened the box, trying to assemble the new bookshelf. Looking at the instructions, I 1.was at a loss (不知所措). The diagrams were strange, and I 2.couldn't make sense of (无法理解)them at all. I just stood there and 3.scratched my head (挠了挠头)，4.wearing a puzzled look (面带困惑的表情). I truly 5.had no idea (不知道)where to even begin.

was at a loss
couldn't make sense of
scratched my head
wearing a puzzled look
had no idea
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
2．flavour n. 味，味道；特点，特色 vt. 给……调味，加味于
3．dessert n. (饭后)甜点，甜食
4．link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接
5．emotion n. 情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪
A
默写达标
mood
flavour
dessert
link
emotion
6．native n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的
7．bond n. 纽带，联系；连接，结合
8．generate vt. 产生，引起
9．digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘
10．lower vt. 降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的
11．cycle n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi. 骑自行车
12．enhance vt. 提高，增强
13．boil vi. & vt. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾
native
bond
generate
digest
lower
cycle
enhance
boil
14．scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景
15．bet n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi. & vt. (bet, bet)下赌注，打赌；敢说
16．atmosphere n. 气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气
17．mild adj. 不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的
18．loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的
19．damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的
20．dynasty n. 朝，代；王朝
21．multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的
22．chef n. 主厨，厨师
scenery
bet
atmosphere
mild
loose
damp
dynasty
multiple
chef
23．property n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
24．estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本
25．essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的
26．stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
27．appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望
28．delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
29．emphasis n. (pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读
property
estimate
essential
stimulate
appetite
delicate
emphasis
二、拓展单词通变化
1．combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合→combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做，合并
2．greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；渴望的→greed n. 贪婪
3．gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的
4．association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联；交往
5．relieve vt. 解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n. 救济；减轻，解除；安慰
combination
combine
greedily
greedy
greed
gently
gentle
association
associate
relieve
relief
6．impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n. 印象；效果→impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
7．expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充
8．appropriate adj. 合适的→appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地
9．mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合→mix v. (使)混合，(使)结合→mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的

impress
impression
impressive
expand
expansion
appropriate
appropriately
mixture
mix
mixed
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．creamy adj. 含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的
2．saucer n. 碟状物，茶碟，茶托
3．vinegar n. 醋
4．calorie n. 卡，卡路里；千卡
5．buffet n. 自助餐
6．bay n. (海或湖的)湾
7．filling n. (糕点等的)馅
8．bake vt. & vi. 烘烤；烤硬
9．layer n. 层，表层；层次
10．ingredient n. 材料，成分；因素，要素
含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的
碟状物，茶碟，茶托
醋
卡，卡路里；千卡
自助餐
(海或湖的)湾
(糕点等的)馅
烘烤；烤硬
层，表层；层次
材料，成分；因素，要素
四、重点短语明搭配
1.do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
2．throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于
3．cry out for 迫切需要
4．hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要
5．fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃
6．remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
7．associate...with 把……和……联系起来
8．without equal 无与伦比
9．make up for 弥补
10．not to mention 更不用说……
do the trick
throw oneself into
cry out for
hit the spot
fall apart
remind sb. of sth.
associate...with
without equal
make up for
not to mention
五、教材佳句会运用
1．不论我的情绪有多差，这种绝妙的组合都足以令我振作。(no matter how引导让步状语从句)
No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
2．不知不觉中，我便又开心起来了。(before引导时间状语从句)
Before I know it, I'm happy again.
3．如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
No matter how bad my mood is,
Before I know it,
it is estimated
that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My son likes the ice-cream of six different flavours (味道)in that shop.
2．The two newspapers gave different versions (说法)of what happened.
3．The best times to visit Shangri-La are spring and autumn when the temperature is at its mildest (温和的)．
4．The tree is estimated (估计)to be at least 700 years old.
5．Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding (使扩大)the area of the fields.
B
基础检测
flavours
versions
mildest
estimated
expanding
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Having walked in the cave for a long time, they climbed out at last to breathe the fresh air greedily (greedy)．
2．Don't eat too much salty (salt)food. It is not good for your health.
3．The young man speaks gently (gentle)and everyone likes him.
4．What an adorable (adore)child!
5．The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist (cycle)who won the competition.

greedily
salty
gently
adorable
cyclist
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Upon graduation, Feynman threw himself into scientific research on atomic bombs.
2．Taking a nice hot bath would really hit the spot．
3．These pills should do the trick and you'll feel much better in no time.
4．Having been working for hours, I am crying out for something to drink at the moment.
5．Any native in the UK considers the fish and chips out of this world．
do the trick; throw oneself into; cry out for; hit the spot; out of this world
threw himself into
hit the spot
do the trick
crying out for
out of this
world
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．这是一本非常有趣的书。无论它可能会花多少钱，我都会买它。(no matter how引导让步状语从句)
This is a very interesting book. I'll buy it, no matter how much it may cost．
2．不久就会有人来看你。(before引导时间状语从句)
It won't be a long time before someone comes to see you．
3．据说他又写了一部电视剧。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...)
It's said that he has written another TV play.
no matter how much it may
cost
before someone comes to see you
It's said that
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(总分：35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2025·湖北武汉重点中学联考)
For thousands of years, people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3，000 years ago, Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today，cooked corn kernels(玉米粒)in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew.
With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century, the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible. According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021, to 3，500 kilocalories. In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight.
Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap, tasty snacks may itself be harmful. A particular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs)，heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles. At the heart of the debate is a question: are UPFs unhealthy because their nutritional content is poor，or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself At the turn of the 21st century, some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past. Yet rates of obesity were still rising. This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals.
By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems. But a recent analysis by Samnel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London reviewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat, sugar and salt, UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health. That suggests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile.
Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health—such as income and education—observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.Ame Astrup, a Danish researcher, argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate(分离)the effects of processing are “not good enough”．
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今人们对深度加工的担忧。众多研究表明摄入超加工食品多的人健康问题更多，但其危害的来源尚不明确。
1．Why did Mesoamericans process corn kernels？(　　)
A．To ensure better consumption. B．To enable easy handling.
C．To discover new solutions. D．To facilitate safe storage.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mesoamericans…cooked corn kernels(玉米粒)in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn, making it easier to chew.”可知，中美洲人加工玉米粒是为了释放其营养成分，软化其坚硬的外壳，使其更易于咀嚼，即为了确保更好地食用。故选A项。
A
2．What do the data in paragraph 2 show？(　　)
A．The history of food industry.
B．The benefits of preserved food.
C．The results of food mass production.
D．The development of food processing.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，第二段中的数据表明食品大规模生产的结果。故选C项。
C
3．What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods？(　　)
A．Their popularity is in decline.
B．Their presence changes Brazilians' diet.
C．Their nutrients can make up for their risks.
D．Their processing methods arouse concerns.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing…heavily processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.”可知，超加工食品的加工方式引起了人们的关注和担忧。故选D项。
D
4．Why do observational studies fail to determine the effects of UPFs？(　　)
A．Many factors affect the results.
B．The related statistics are inaccurate.
C．The studies lack enough evidence.
D．The causes of harm remain unknown.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health…observational studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers.”可知，观察性研究无法确定超加工食品的影响是因为有许多因素会影响研究结果。故选A项。
A
B
(2025·陕西高考适应性检测)
Artificial food dye is an additive used to color a product. “The dye is artificial if it originates from a non-food source，” explains Jamie Alan, PhD, an associate professor of pharmacology and toxicology at Michigan State University. “For example, red dye No.40 is made from petroleum products.”“By comparison, natural food dyes are those that are extracted from plants or animal tissues，” says Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, PhD, professor and director of the Center for Food Safety at the University of Georgia.
A growing body of research has linked artificial food dyes, especially Red No.40, to many health issues.“There is data in animals that some of these dyes may cause cancer，” Alan says. “While there is certainly the potential to cause cancer, there haven't been any human studies with definitive data to support this.” But studies on humans do show that some dyes can increase certain behaviors—especially in kids—like hyperactivity. “Some children are more sensitive than other children, and sometimes even a small dose can cause these effects，” Alan says.
A 2021 report analyzed data from studies on both animals and humans who were exposed to food dyes. The report included “challenge studies”， for which children were given dyes and observed to see how they reacted afterward. In 16 of the 25 studies of the report, there was a link between children taking the dyes and having hyperactivity and other neurobehavioral(神经行为的)problems afterward.
A 2022 mouse study found that Red No.40 and Red No.17 could cause inflammatory bowel diseases while a 2023 study on mice linked Red No.40 to DNA damage and colonic inflammation. Some people may also experience “allergy-like signs” from having these dyes, Diez-Gonzalez says.
But Diez-Gonzalez notes that it's important for people to be aware that more research is needed. “The cancer concerns mostly originate from animal studies that often use very large experimental doses，” he says. “For several of those dyes, the evidence of a harmful effect has not been conclusive.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造食用色素的来源，阐述了越来越多的研究将其与健康问题联系起来，同时也指出对其危害的研究还需进一步深入。
5．What can be inferred from the first three paragraphs？(　　)
A.Some artificial food dyes cause humans cancer.
B.Dyes from plants and animals are more popular.
C.Artificial food dyes can be obtained more easily.
D.Possibly Red No.40 can result in health problems.
D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“A growing body of research has linked artificial food dyes…to many health issues.”和“studies on humans do show that some dyes can increase certain behaviors—especially in kids—like hyperactivity”以及第三段的内容可知，越来越多的研究表明，人造食用色素，尤其是红色40号，与诸多健康问题有关。针对人类的研究表明，一些色素会增加某些行为，尤其是儿童的行为，比如多动症。2021年的一份报告分析了接触食用色素的动物和人类的研究数据。在该报告的25项研究中，有16项研究表明儿童食用色素与多动症及其他神经行为问题之间存在关联。由此可推知，红色40号可能会导致健康问题。故选D项。
6．Why is “challenge” used in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Scientists couldn't find enough evidence.
B．Carrying out experiments took too much time and money.
C．Experiments on humans were more complex than on animals.
D.Scientists were not willing to do such experiments on children.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“The report included ‘challenge studies’， for which children were given dyes…problems afterward.”可知，使用“challenge”一词是为了表明科学家们不愿意在儿童身上做这样的实验。故选D项。
D
7．What do Diez-Gonzalez's words in the last paragraph suggest？(　　)
A．Mice are allergic to artificial food dyes.
B．Studies about artificial food dyes on humans are not adequate.
C．Red artificial food dyes are the key factor leading to mouse cancer.
D.Only by being taken in large doses can artificial food dyes do harm to humans.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，关于人造食用色素对人类影响的研究还不充分。故选B项。
B
8．What does the text mainly talk about？(　　)
A．Various opinions about artificial food dyes.
B.Experiments on mice about artificial food dyes.
C.The research about safety of artificial food dyes.
D．The connection between cancer and Red No.40.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了人造食用色素的来源，阐述了越来越多的研究将其与健康问题联系起来，同时也指出对其危害的研究还需进一步深入。C项“关于人造食用色素安全性的研究”能概括文章大意。故选C项。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·湖南长沙模拟)
I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.We headed home and walked into the __1__.A flicker (闪烁)of light caught my eye just as I __2__ the door.I turned my head to see that a __3__ firefly had flown in with us through the open __4__ and was now crazily trying to __5__.As it flew slowly towards the wall, I quickly but __6__ closed my fingers around it.I could feel its little wings beat against my __7__ and a flash of light shown through my fingers.I opened the back door and __8__ outside.Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away flashing its light in the __9__.
Before I walked back in, I took the __10__ to look over the grassland behind my home.There were hundreds of fireflies flickering.Each time their lights came on, I smiled.It was so amazing that such little creatures could __11__ so much light.I stood there in awe.
__12__ the lightening fireflies made me think of the light each of us __13__ inside of ourselves.Often it flickers and is not steady or even very bright.Yet, every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter.And every time we __14__ the light, we can __15__ the light in others to shine as well.
Do your best to shine your light even if you think it is a mere flicker.You are a lot brighter than you think.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过与萤火虫的一次互动，引发了对生命、光明和内心光芒的深刻思考。
I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.We headed home and walked into the __1__.
1．(　　)A.forest B．house
C．grassland D．garden
解析：根据上文的“We headed home and walked into the”可知， “我”遛完狗后走进了屋子(house)，故选B。forest“森林”；grassland“草地”；garden“花园，菜园”。
答案分析
B
A flicker (闪烁)of light caught my eye just as I __2__ the door.
2．(　　)A.kicked B．repaired
C．touched D．closed
解析：根据上文的“walked into the __1__” 和下文的“I opened the back door”可知，当“我”关门(close)时，一抹亮光引起了“我”的注意，故选D。kick“踢，踹”；repair“修理，修补”；touch “碰，接触”。
D
I turned my head to see that a __3__ firefly had flown in with us through the open __4__ and was now crazily trying to __5__.
3．(　　)A.blind B．familiar
C．tiny D．dangerous
解析：根据下文的“I could feel its little wings”和“such little creatures”可知，“我”转过头来，看到一只小(tiny)萤火虫飞了进来，故选C。blind“失明的”；familiar“熟悉的，常见到的”；dangerous“危险的”。
C
I turned my head to see that a __3__ firefly had flown in with us through the open __4__ and was now crazily trying to __5__.
4．(　　)A.cage B．hand
C．door D．sky
解析：根据上文的“A flicker(闪烁)of light…the door.”可知，一只小萤火虫从开着的门(door)飞了进来，故选C。cage“笼子”；hand“手”；sky“天空”。
C
I turned my head to see that a __3__ firefly had flown in with us through the open __4__ and was now crazily trying to __5__.
5．(　　)A.get out B．fight back
C．speed up D．stay on
解析：根据上文可知，这只萤火虫在“我”开门时不小心飞到屋内，所以它试图飞出去(get out)，故选A。fight back“奋力抵抗，反击”；speed up “(使)加速”；stay on“继续停留”。
A
As it flew slowly towards the wall, I quickly but __6__ closed my fingers around it.
6．(　　)A.gently B．warmly
C．similarly D．regularly
解析：根据上文语境可知，“我”快速但轻轻地(gently)合拢了手指，故选A。warmly“温暖地，亲切地，热烈地”；similarly“相似地，类似地，同样”；regularly“有规律地，经常”。
A
I could feel its little wings beat against my __7__ and a flash of light shown through my fingers.
7．(　　)A.head B．heart
C．skin D．eye
解析：根据上文的“closed my fingers around it”可知，萤火虫在“我”手中，所以它的翅膀会拍打 “我”手部的皮肤 (skin)，故选C。
C
I opened the back door and __8__ outside.Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away flashing its light in the __9__.
8．(　　)A.escaped B．stepped
C．survived D．waited
解析：根据下文的“Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away”可知，“我”打开后门，走到(step)外面，故选B。escape“逃走，逃脱”；survive“生存，存活，幸存”；wait“等候，等待”。
B
I opened the back door and __8__ outside.Then I opened my hand and watched it fly away flashing its light in the __9__.
9．(　　)A.trees B．noise
C．crowds D．darkness
解析：根据文章首句“I had just finished walking my dog as it got dark.”可知，“我”张开手，看着萤火虫在黑暗(darkness)中闪着光飞走了，故选D。crowd“人群，观众”。
D
Before I walked back in, I took the __10__ to look over the grassland behind my home.There were hundreds of fireflies flickering.
10．(　　)A.wish B．plan
C．time D．promise
解析：根据下文的“to look over the grassland behind my home”可知，“我”花了点时间(time)去看“我”家后面的草地，故选C。wish“希望，愿望，心愿”；plan“计划”；promise“诺言，许诺”。
C
Each time their lights came on, I smiled.It was so amazing that such little creatures could __11__ so much light.I stood there in awe.
11．(　　)A.reflect B．produce
C．stand D．absorb
解析：根据上文的“There were hundreds of fireflies flickering. Each time their lights came on”可知，“我”对这些小萤火虫能发出(produce)这么多光感到很惊讶，故选B。reflect“反映，反射(光、热或声音)”；stand “忍受，容忍”；absorb“吸收，理解，掌握”。
B
__12__ the lightening fireflies made me think of the light each of us __13__ inside of ourselves.
12．(　　)A.Watching B．Catching
C．Guiding D．Rescuing
解析：根据上文的“look over the grassland behind my home. There were hundreds of fireflies flickering”可知，“我”看着(watch)萤火虫在黑暗中闪烁着光芒，故选A。catch“逮住，捕捉”；guide “指导，指引，引领”；rescue“营救，救援”。
A
__12__ the lightening fireflies made me think of the light each of us __13__ inside of ourselves.
13．(　　)A.misses B．receives
C．blocks D．carries
解析：根据上文的“the light each of us”和下文的“inside of ourselves ”可知，此处指的是我们每个人都携带(carry)光，故选D。miss“未击中，未察觉”；receive“收到，得到”；block“堵塞，妨碍”。
D
Often it flickers and is not steady or even very bright.Yet, every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter.And every time we __14__ the light, we can __15__ the light in others to shine as well.
14．(　　)A.hide B．share
C．avoid D．understand
解析：根据上文的“every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter”可知，当我们分享(share)自己的光时，也能让他人身上的光闪耀起来，故选B。hide“遮住，掩盖”；avoid“避免，防止，躲避”；understand“明白，理解，了解”。
B
Often it flickers and is not steady or even very bright.Yet, every time we shine it, we grow a little brighter.And every time we __14__ the light, we can __15__ the light in others to shine as well.
15．(　　)A.awaken B．follow
C．request D．permit
解析：根据上文的“every time we shine it，we grow a little brighter”和下文的“the light in others to shine as well”可知，当我们分享自己的光时，也能唤醒(awaken)他人身上的光，故选A。follow“跟随，跟着”；request“请求，要求”；permit“允许，准许”。
A
课时作业26
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2026·江西赣州八校联考)
Leafy vegetables are widely considered to be a healthy and refreshing food choice. Eating enough vegetables which are packed with fiber, vitamins and minerals supports your overall health. However, it can be tough for all sorts of people, from busy moms to picky kids, to get the leafy greens their bodies need. That's why many people are attracted by an emerging trend called “dinosaur time”．
The trend, which encourages people to get their daily serving of leafy greens by gobbling (狼吞虎咽)them up like dinosaurs, originated with former middle school science teacher, CrossFit enthusiast and stay-at-home mom, Amy Garrett. Garrett's online videos have millions of views and have inspired others to gobble down on the healthy trend.
Garrett's recipe consists of eating fistfuls (一把)of romaine lettuce, spinach, or other greens, without preparing them or putting them in a salad. Instead, she consumes them like she came straight out of the dinosaur era, often with dinosaur-themed music playing in the background. She also emphasizes the importance of washing vegetables before eating them, if they aren't already pre-washed.
It isn't just grown-ups that get inspired by “dinosaur time”. Young children naturally enjoy pretending to be dinosaurs and parents, with the help of this odd trend, are using their little ones' imaginations to encourage them to eat more healthily.
“‘Dinosaur time’ isn't intended to replace meals，” Garrett told the New York Post. “The recipe is intended to be a supplement (补充)to an existing meal to get your greens out of the way so you can enjoy the things you actually like to eat, whether that be a burger, a slice of pizza, a sandwich, etc.”
A warning: People who are at risk of kidney stones should think twice before following the trend and those who are on blood thinners should consult their doctors before changing their diet.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种在网络上引起广泛关注的饮食趋势——“恐龙时间”，这种饮食方式模仿恐龙的进食方式，鼓励人们直接大量食用绿叶蔬菜，以此促进健康饮食。
1．What can be learned from paragraph 1？(　　)
A．It's beneficial to eat leafy greens.
B．Food choices are limited currently.
C．Parents and kids argue over eating.
D．Many people hate cooking at home.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Leafy vegetables are widely considered…supports your overall health.”可知，绿叶蔬菜富含纤维、维生素和矿物质，有助于整体健康，因此吃绿叶蔬菜有益。故选A项。
A
2．What are those strictly following Garrett's recipe unlikely to do？(　　)
A．Listen to music over meals sometimes.
B．Ensure their food is washed before eating.
C．Eat well-cooked leafy vegetables all the time.
D．Refuse to prepare a vegetable salad on a busy day.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，按照Garrett的做法，蔬菜是清洗后直接食用，而不是煮熟再吃。故选C项。
C
3．Which of the following shows the author's opinion？(　　)
A．It's unnecessary to eat what you dislike.
B．Garrett's recipe is a challenge for parents.
C．“Dinosaur time” isn't suitable for everyone.
D．Doctors should ask patients to eat vegetables.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这种饮食方式并不适合所有人，有肾结石风险的人应该慎重考虑后再决定是否跟风，正在服用抗凝血药物的人改变饮食前要咨询医生。故选C项。
C
4．What is the text mainly about？(　　)
A．A popular solution that replaces meals.
B．A trend that encourages healthy eating.
C．A traditional lifestyle that excites kids.
D．A recipe that frees parents from cooking.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段和第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了“恐龙时间”这种新兴趋势，它鼓励人们像恐龙一样直接吃绿叶蔬菜，从而促进健康饮食。故选B项。
B
B
(2025·广东湛江模拟)
Scientists think that microplastics from ultra-processed (超加工的)foods may be building up in our brains. What they have found was shown in four papers in Brain Medicine recently, suggesting a possible connection to the rise in mental health problems like depression.
The cover of Brain Medicine shows a human brain filled with colorful microplastic particles (微粒)，next to a plastic spoon. This image highlights a key finding: Human brains may contain about “a spoonful” of microplastic material. Ultra-processed foods, which now make up over 50% of energy intake in the US, contain far more microplastics than whole foods. These tiny plastic particles, less than 5 millimeters in size, can get into human brains and increase significantly in large amounts.
Studies have shown a link between eating ultra-processed foods and negative mental health. People who eat such foods have a 22% higher risk of depression, a 48% higher risk of anxiety, and a 41% higher risk of poor sleep. The new assumption is that microplastics could be the missing link in this connection. For example, a type of processed chicken has 30 times more microplastics per gram than fresh chicken breasts. Recent findings in Nature Medicine also revealed high levels of microplastics in the human brain, and these levels were three to five times higher in people with serious mental decline. Ultra-processed foods and microplastics seem to damage human brains through similar biological processes, like causing deleterious reactions and stress inside human bodies.
To study this further, researchers suggest creating a Dietary Microplastic Index (DMI)with the aim of measuring microplastic exposure from food. Another paper shows that a modern technique might be able to remove microplastic particles from the blood, but more research is needed. In conclusion, while more studies are required, it is clear that reducing ultra-processed food consumption and finding ways to remove microplastics from our bodies are important. After all, as the saying goes, “You are what you eat.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现超加工食品中的微塑料可能会在大脑中积累，并可能与抑郁症等心理健康问题有关。文章还解释了微塑料对人体的危害，提出了相关研究建议，并强调需要减少超加工食品的摄入，同时探索清除人体内微塑料的方法。
5．How does the author introduce the topic of the text？(　　)
A．By giving examples.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By providing statistics.
D．By presenting a discovery.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章开篇通过介绍科学家最新的研究发现引出话题，即微塑料可能与心理健康问题相关。由此推知，作者是通过公布科学发现引出主题。故选D项。
D
6．What can we learn about microplastics from the cover of Brain Medicine？(　　)
A．They look like spoons.
B．They can be too tiny to be found.
C．They may build up in the human brain.
D．They are primarily found in whole foods.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“The cover of Brain Medicine shows…of microplastic material.”可知，封面图展示了人脑中可能含有约“一勺子”的微塑料，由此可推断微塑料能够在大脑中积聚。故选C项。
C
7．What does the underlined word “deleterious” in paragraph 3 mean？(　　)
A．Vague. B．Harmful.
C．Positive. D．Necessary.
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段“Ultra-processed foods and microplastics seem to damage human brains through similar biological processes, like causing deleterious reactions and stress inside human bodies.”可知，画线词deleterious与stress并列，表示负面影响，意为“有害的”。故选B项。
B
8．What is DMI used to do according to the text？(　　)
A．Assess the intake of microplastics through food.
B．Measure the amount of microplastics in the blood.
C.Promote the consumption of ultra-processed foods.
D.Facilitate the removal of microplastics from the body.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“To study this further…microplastic exposure from food.”可知，DMI的作用是衡量人类通过食物摄入的微塑料量。故选A项。
A
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2026·湖南名校联合体联考)
Research presented suggests that people who eat slowly are less likely than speed-eaters to become overweight or to develop metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征)，which involves a variety of conditions associated with stroke, heart disease and diabetes. 1(____)
In 2008, Japanese researchers, led by Hiroshima University cardiologist Dr Takayuki Yamaji, hired over 1，000 healthy Japanese adults. 2(____)At the same time, the researchers tracked these adults' health for the next five years.
Eighty-four people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome during those five years, with a clear connection between eating speed and development of the disease. The incidence rate was 11.6% among fast eaters, 6.5% among normal eaters and just 2.3% among slow eaters. 3(____)Moreover, they had more chance to suffer from higher blood sugar.
4(____)In reality, a lot of research has shown that eating fast is associated with weight gain and other health issues. “You probably do eat more because you are eating so quickly. You really don't have any idea of what you've eaten，” says American Heart Association spokesperson Dr Nieca Goldberg. “When you eat slowly, you are much more aware of your eating. You are chewing your food properly and you're also slowing down digestion.”
Goldberg says that it should take at least 30 minutes to eat a meal. 5(____)Goldberg suggests eating with a friend, cutting your food into smaller pieces, chewing more, taking deep breaths and setting your fork down between bites.
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究表明慢食更健康，快食易导致超重和代谢综合征等问题，并给出慢食建议。
Research presented suggests that people who eat slowly are less likely than speed-eaters to become overweight or to develop metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征)，which involves a variety of conditions associated with stroke, heart disease and diabetes. 1(____)
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
E
答案分析
解析：空前一句说明吃得慢的人比吃得快的人更不容易超重或患代谢综合征，空处应总结这一研究结论，E项(这表明在饮食方面，慢而稳者胜)承接上文研究结果，概括了“吃得慢更健康”的核心观点，符合语境。
In 2008, Japanese researchers, led by Hiroshima University cardiologist Dr Takayuki Yamaji, hired over 1，000 healthy Japanese adults. 2(____)At the same time, the researchers tracked these adults' health for the next five years.
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
G
解析：空前提到2008年日本研究人员招募了超过1 000名健康成年人，空处应补充研究过程中对这些受试者的具体操作，G项(他们要求这些成人描述自己的饮食速度——慢、正常或快)符合研究逻辑，既呼应了招募受试者的前提，又为后续追踪健康与进食速度的关系铺垫，衔接自然。
Eighty-four people were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome during those five years, with a clear connection between eating speed and development of the disease. The incidence rate was 11.6% among fast eaters, 6.5% among normal eaters and just 2.3% among slow eaters. 3(____)Moreover, they had more chance to suffer from higher blood sugar.
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
D
解析：空前一句说明五年间84人被诊断出代谢综合征，且进食速度与患病概率相关，空处应进一步说明快食者的其他健康问题，D项(快食者也更有可能体重更重)与上文患病率数据形成递进，补充了快食的另一个负面影响，且与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
4(____)In reality, a lot of research has shown that eating fast is associated with weight gain and other health issues. “You probably do eat more because you are eating so quickly. You really don't have any idea of what you've eaten，” says American Heart Association spokesperson Dr Nieca Goldberg. “When you eat slowly, you are much more aware of your eating. You are chewing your food properly and you're also slowing down digestion.”
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
B
解析：空前后均说明快食与健康问题的关系，空处起总起句作用，B项(以上那些结果不那么令人惊讶)起过渡作用，既认可上文日本研究结果的合理性，又引出下文，使上下文逻辑连贯。
Goldberg says that it should take at least 30 minutes to eat a meal. 5(____)Goldberg suggests eating with a friend, cutting your food into smaller pieces, chewing more, taking deep breaths and setting your fork down between bites.
A．Doing so also helps you feel full.
B．Those results aren't all that surprising.
C．Eat in a situation where it's beneficial to eating.
D．The speedy eaters were also more likely to weigh more.
E．This shows that when it comes to eating, slow and steady wins the race.
F．So, if you tend to eat fast, you'll likely need to train yourself to slow down.
G．They asked the adults to characterize their eating speed—slow, normal or fast.
F
解析：空前提到一顿饭至少需要30分钟，空处应承上启下，提出针对快食者的建议，F项(所以，如果你倾向于吃得快，你可能需要训练自己放慢速度)既呼应上文观点，又为下文具体建议做铺垫，符合语境。

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