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选择性必修第二册　Unit 3　Fit for life
　　
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
In the area of genetic editing, the very nature of a 1.being (n. 生物)can be changed. While some might 2.contract (v. 感染)diseases like the 3.virus (n. 病毒)or 4.cancer (n. 癌症)，genetic editing can be 5.related (v. 使有联系)to the 6.means (n. 方法，方式)to potentially 7.delete (v. 删去)or 8.restore (v. 恢复)certain genes. 9.Ultimately (adv. 最终；根本上)，this technology can be a powerful 10.weapon (n. 手段)，addressing 11.fundamental (adj. 十分重大的)genetic issues at their very 12.pace (n. 节奏).
However, ethical concerns 13.arise (vi. 出现). How much should we 14.restrict (vt. 限制)such technologies While it might help combat diseases like the 15.flu (n. 流行性感冒)，the 16.characteristic (adj. 典型的)changes made to DNA have been a topic of 17.debate (n. 讨论). 18.Findings (n. 调查结果)suggest that when the time is 19.ripe (adj. 成熟的)，we might 20.withdraw (vi. & vt. 脱离)from using 21.artificial (adj. 人工的)methods that are too 22.outgoing (adj. 外向的)or not 23.conventional (adj. 传统的)．
The drive to 24.fuel (vt. 给……提供燃料)this technology and 25.tackle (vt. 解决)genetic diseases is strong. With a simple 26.needle (n. 针)，27.solid (adj. 实心的)changes can be made at the genetic level. A 28.switch (n. 转变)in a gene could potentially alter our 29.tongue's (n. 舌头)taste buds or strengthen our 30.wrist (n. 手腕). Every 31.organ (n. 器官)in our body, from the heart to the liver, can be impacted. But with such power comes 32.severe (adj. 严峻的)responsibility. The potential for 33.abuse (n. 滥用)，using it as a 34.drug (n. 药物)or altering natural 35.phenomena (n. 现象)，is high. Genetic editing can become a 36.symbol (n. 象征)of hope or a tool of 37.widespread (adj. 分布广的)controversy. Every 38.department (n. 部门)of science, ethics, and philosophy will have a say in its future.
1 affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭，使感染；深深打动
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Affected (affect)with a serious disease，he became disabled and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
②(2024·全国甲卷)However, when a cat is looking for affection (affect)，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。
→In summary，the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly. I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper. (affect)
→In summary，the English newspaper Youth has a great effect on me. I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper.(effect)
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with 感染……疾病 (2)effect n. 作用；影响 have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 (3)affection n. 喜爱 show/have/feel (much)affection for (非常)喜欢……，喜爱……
[写作佳句]　(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I feel much affection for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me. (读后续写之情感描写)
我深爱着我的妈妈，她的言行对我有着积极的影响。
2 contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n. 合同，合约
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Doctors control their budgets and contract with hospitals for services.
②These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller.
③The company won a contract for work on Chicago's tallest building.
④Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.
⑤I have entered into a contract to do (do)a research project on the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥两家公司最终达成协议并签署了合同，标志着新的商业伙伴关系的开始。
The two companies have finally reached an agreement and signed a contract, marking the beginning of a new business partnership. (应用文写作之报道)
(1)contract with sb. for sth. 与某人签订……合同 be contracted to… 与……签订合同 (2)contract between A and B A和B所签的合同 sign a contract with sb. 与某人签订合同 a contract of employment 雇用合同 the contract for sth./to do sth.做某事的合同
[写作佳句]　We are pleased to inform you that your application for a contract of employment has been successful. (应用文写作之通知)
我们很高兴地通知你，你的雇用合同申请成功了。
3 means n. (pl. means)手段；方法，方式；财富，钱财
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Now every means is (be)used to prevent the water from being polluted.
②People all over the world are kept informed of what is happening immediately by means of the Internet.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③Mac could by no means scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.
→By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul. (用倒装句改写)
a means of (doing)sth. (做)某事的方法或途径 by means of 用……办法，借助…… by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) by all means 一定，务必；当然可以
[名师指津]　当means作主语并且有every，each，one，a等修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，all，a few等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
4 arise vi. 出现，发生；(由……)引起，(因……)产生
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Seeing her husband pacing back and forth, the woman arose (arise)from her seat and asked him to stop.
②One method which can be adopted to curb the problems which arise out of unemployment among youths involves the providing of relief.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters arising from his class.
→At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters which/that arose from his class. (定语从句)
arise from＝arise out of 由……引起/产生；从……中产生 arise from one's chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来
[写作佳句]　Another flight would be arranged on Saturday if sufficient demand arose. (应用文写作之通知)
如果有足够的需求量，周六就会安排另一个航班。
5 resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Participating in extra-curricular activities helps improve students' resistance to stress and examination anxiety.
②I prefer the plants that are resistant (resist)to bad climate.
③Their house, which was solidly built, resisted (resist)the main shock.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我知道我该做作业了，但是我就是忍不住玩电脑游戏。
I know it's time that I got down to doing my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games. (读后续写之心理描写)
(1)resistance to… 对……的抵制/抵抗 (2)resist vi. & vt. 抵制；抵挡 resist (doing)sth. 抵制(做)某事 can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 (3)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；抵制的 be resistant to sth. 对……有抵抗力；抵制某事
[写作佳句]　Sebastian, feeling ashamed, said to himself that he ought to have resisted John. (读后续写之心理、语言描写)
塞巴斯蒂安感到羞愧，他自言自语地说他应该挡住约翰的。
6 debate n. 辩论；讨论，争论 v. 辩论，讨论；仔细考虑，思考
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①There is a heated debate about/on/over whether some conventional customs should be abolished.
②It has been reported that the country's health care reform is still under debate.
③After he debated with his parents on/about the choice of major, his parents recommended him to choose math major.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我们必须讨论应该采取什么措施来阻止空气污染。
We must debate what measures should be taken to stop the air pollution. (应用文写作之倡议信)
(1)a debate on/over/about…关于……的辩论 under debate正在讨论中 (2)debate with sb. on/about/over sth. 和某人就某事辩论 debate wh-从句/wh-＋to do 讨论/辩论……
[写作佳句]　He is a very controversial figure, always enjoying debating with others. (读后续写之人物描写)
他是一个非常有争议的人物，总是喜欢和别人辩论。
7 adjust vt. & vi. 调整，调节；适应；习惯；整理
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①If you go to a new place, you must adjust yourself to the new surroundings quickly.
②When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living (live)on his own.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If not, please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustments (adjust)accordingly.
④Top and bottom sizes can be mixed and matched, and many are adjustable (adjust)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤得知你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of help to you. (应用文写作之建议信)
(1)adjust to (doing)sth. 适应(做)某事，习惯(做)某事 adjust…to 将……调整到；使……适应 adjust oneself to (doing)sth. 使自己适应(做)某事 (2)adjustment n. 调整；适应 make adjustments/an adjustment to 对……做出调整 (3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[写作佳句]　These desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child. (说明文写作之事物介绍)
这些桌椅可以随儿童的身高而调整。
8 without doubt 毫无疑问，的确
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Half excited and half doubtful (doubt)，Eva came up to him and was eager to know the reason why he praised her.
②You can complain, but I doubt whether/if it will make any difference.
③(2025·全国二卷)There is no doubt that your expertise and insights on Canadian sports will make the article highly engaging and informative for our readers.
④Without doubt, it's very beneficial for students to take an active part in different kinds of English competitions.
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤我怀疑她是否会同意这一计划。
→There is some doubt whether she will agree to this plan. (doubt n．)
→I doubt whether/if she will agree to this plan. (doubt v．)
(1)There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……(that之后的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt的内容) There is some doubt whether… 怀疑是否…… (2)don't doubt that 不怀疑…… doubt whether/if… 怀疑/不相信是否…… (3)doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不太可能的；不可靠的
[名师指津]　在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句。
9 date back to 追溯到……，始于，自……至今
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①My interest in stamp collecting dates (date)back to my school days.
②Standing on the top of the hill is a monument, dating (date)back to hundreds of years ago.
③This model is the newest and most up to date (最时尚的)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④据我所知，他们已经确定了婚礼的日期。
As far as I know, they have set/fixed the date for the wedding. (读后续写之情节介绍)
(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到…… (2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的 up to date 至今，到目前为止；最近的，新式的；拥有最新信息的 fix/set a date for 确定……的日期 have a date with sb. 和某人有约会
[名师指津]　date back (to)一般只用于现在时态，且没有被动语态。
10 句型公式：独立主格
(教材原句)Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body.
到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的一个不同部位。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·全国一卷)My heart pounding (pound)，I knocked on the door, the biscuits held (hold)tightly in my hands, hoping my brother would forgive me.
②(2023·浙江1 月卷)The evening glow spreading (spread)across the farm, it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together.
③The ceremony over (仪式结束了)，we went home directly.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)She hugged the caring twins tightly, her eyes flooded with/full of tears.
→She hugged the caring twins tightly, with her eyes flooded with/full of tears．(with复合结构)
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。独立主格结构有以下几种形式： (1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行) (2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成) (3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作) (4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
[名师指津]　在独立主格结构前加with就构成with复合结构。独立主格结构经常会简化，尤其经常省去现在分词(being)。
[查漏补缺]
1．Regular practice is fundamental to improving your language skills effectively.
2．The old man restricted himself to smoking (smoke)three cigarettes a day.
3．A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing (share)student contact information.
4．I'm so grateful to you for all that you've done.
5．(2024·新课标I卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
6．It was very strong, made of three solid planks of wood.
7．After all, people often do go to great lengths to help (help)others.
8．Nothing can ever take the place of real love and family togetherness.
9．Information and data will play a critical role in the future of the energy industry.
10．They serve as a natural fertilizer and help support the roots of future crops.
1.take the place of 代替 2．serve as 充当/作为…… 3．be fundamental to 对……来说是基本的 4．go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 5．play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用 6．restrict oneself/sb.to (doing)sth. 约束自己/某人(做)某事 7．be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人 8．relate to涉及 9．be made of 由……制成 10．prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
维度一　单句语法填空
1．The more pesticides are used, the more resistant (resist)the insects become, so the more pesticides have to be used.
2．When you're older I think you're better equipped (equip)mentally to cope with whatever happens.
3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment (adjust)．
4．(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence (evident)that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.
5．(2022·浙江1月卷)Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，I was burning with anxiety (anxious)，so I rushed towards the hospital.
6．She had the courage and determination to rise above her physical disability (disable)．
7．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed. (disturb)
8．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related (relate)changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
9．There is a heated debate about/on/over whether women should spend more time at home.
10．For some amateurs, competing in some races is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．contract
A.v. 感染，患(病)B．v. 收缩；缩小；(使)缩短　C．n. 合同　D．v. (与……)订立合同；(与……)订契约
(1)Neither side can draw back from the agreement once the contract is signed.C
(2)Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.D
(3)People don't just contract the virus through contacting with dead poultry.A
(4)As is known to all, metals contract in cold weather.B
2．withdraw
A.vt. 提，取(款)B．vi. 退出　C．vi. 脱离(社会)，不与人交往　D．vt. 撤回
(1)(外研版选必三U5)Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.C
(2)The country has announced it is to withdraw forty-thousand troops from Western Europe in the next year.D
(3)As he stared at one, the other then withdrew 300 euros from his account before the pair fled with the money.A
(4)(2021·浙江1月卷)I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class.B
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)She was deeply affected by the story, tears rolling down her cheeks.v. 使感动，打动
点拨：affect(熟义)v. 影响。此处意为“使感动，打动”。
(2)Research suggests that warm colors can fuel our appetite.v. 增强，刺激
点拨：fuel(熟义)v. 给……增加燃料；n. 燃料。此处意为“增强，刺激”。
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，最近关注到了残疾人生活的不便利，请你向市政务委员会写一封英文信，倡议其增加方便残疾人生活的措施、关注残疾人的健康生活。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我是李华，写信的目的是想解决残疾人面临的严峻问题。
I am Li Hua, writing to address the severe problems the disabled citizens face.
②我们的城市取得了进步，但仍有许多问题需要解决。
Our city has made progress, but there's still much to tackle．
③我建议针对他们的特殊需求建立专门的诊所，并确保公共场所配备坡道等精良设施。
I suggest we establish specialized clinics for their unique needs and ensure that public venues are solidly equipped with facilities like ramps.
④通过这样做，我们体恤了他们的难处并促使形成了一个更具包容性的环境。
By doing so, we relate to their struggles and promote a more inclusive environment.
⑤我希望市政务委员会认识到这一现象，从而考虑我的建议。
I hope that recognizing this phenomenon, the council will take my suggestions into account.
Step 2句式升级
⑥将句②改为含有while引导的让步状语从句的句子
While our city has made progress, there's still much to tackle.
⑦将句④用not only…but also…改写
By doing so, we not only relate to their struggles but also promote a more inclusive environment.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear City Council，
I am Li Hua, writing to address the severe problems the disabled citizens face. While our city has made progress, there's still much to tackle. I suggest we establish specialized clinics for their unique needs and ensure that public venues are solidly equipped with facilities like ramps. By doing so, we not only relate to their struggles but also promote a more inclusive environment.
Last, I hope that recognizing this phenomenon, the council will take my suggestions into account.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
动作细节描写：“手臂”动作
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.stretch v．伸展 2．reach v．伸手 3．lift v．举起 4．lower v．放下 5．swing v．摆动 6．wave v．挥手 7．hug v．拥抱 8．embrace v．拥抱
词块 1.stretch one's arms 伸展双臂 2．reach out/up for 伸手去够 3．lift up high 高高举起 4．wave enthusiastically 热情地挥手 5．hug tightly 紧紧拥抱 6．embrace warmly 热情拥抱 7．pull gently 轻轻拉 8．throw accurately 准确地投掷
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．在仪式结束时，他小心翼翼地放下旗帜。(lower)
He carefully lowered the flag as the ceremony came to an end.
2．为了引起她的注意，他轻轻地拉了拉她的袖子。(pull)
He pulled gently on her sleeve to get her attention.
3．获胜的运动员将奖牌高高举过头顶。(lift)
The winning athlete lifted the medal high above his head．
4．走路时，她习惯性地摆动手臂保持平衡。(swing)
While walking, she habitually swung her arms to maintain balance.
5．尽管压力很大，四分卫还是准确地将球扔给了接球手。(throw)
Despite the great pressure, the quarterback threw the ball accurately to the receiver.
任务2　语段表达
During the family reunion, Grandma sat in her favorite chair as relatives arrived one by one. When she saw her youngest grandson approaching, she 1.stretched her arms (伸展双臂)wide with a warm smile. The little boy immediately ran over and she 2.hugged him tightly (紧紧拥抱他)against her chest. Later, when her adult children arrived, she 3.embraced them warmly (热情拥抱他们)at the doorway. During dinner, when the salt was too far away, she 4.reached out for (伸手去够)it across the table. As the evening ended and everyone prepared to leave, Grandma 5.waved enthusiastically (热情地挥手)from her window, watching her family drive away with mixed emotions of joy and sadness.
————基础默测————
默写达标
一、核心单词写得准
1．symbol n. 象征；符号，代号
2．contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n. 合同，合约
3．virus n. 病毒；(计算机程序中的)病毒
4．cancer n. 癌症；邪恶，毒瘤
5．department n. (医院的)科，部门，局，系
6．means n. (pl. means)方法，方式；财富，钱财
7．delete vt. 删去，删除
8．restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位
9．ultimately adv. 最终；根本上
10．weapon n. 武器，手段；兵器
11．fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础
12．pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vt. & vi. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏
13．arise vi. (arose, arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生
14．abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
15．flu n. 流行性感冒，流感
16．characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的，独特的
17．debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论
18．finding n. 调查发现，调研结果
19．ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的
20．withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn)脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供
21．artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的
22．outgoing adj. 外向的
23．conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循习俗的
24．fuel vt. 增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n. 燃料
25．tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决
26．needle n. 针；注射针；指针
27．solid adj. 实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的
28．switch vi.& vt. 转变；交换；调班 n. 开关，闸；转变，改变
29．widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的
30．organ n. 器官；风琴；机构，机关
二、拓展单词通变化
1．identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→identity n. 身份；本身；特征；同一性；相同
2．abnormal adj. 反常的，畸形的→normal adj. 正常的，标准的
3．prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
4．resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→resist v. 抵抗；抗拒→resistant adj. 抵抗的，反抗的
5．equip vt. 配备；使有能力→equipment n. 设备
6．grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的→gratitude n. 感谢；感激
7．disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的→disability n. 缺陷，障碍
8．examine vt. 检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问→examination n. 考试；检查
9．alcohol n. 酒精，酒→alcoholic adj. 酒精的；含酒精的 n. 酒鬼；嗜酒如命者
10．infection n. 传染，感染→infected adj. 被感染的→infectious adj. 传染的；易传染的
11．specialize vi. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻→special adj. 特殊的；特别的 n. 特别活动(或节目等)；特制产品；特价
12．relate vi. & vt. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述→related adj. 有关系的；有关联的→relation n. 关系→relationship n. 关系
13．adjust vt. & vi. 调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理→adjustment n. 调整；调节→adjustable adj. 可调节的
14．evidence n. 证据，证明；物证，人证 vt. 证明，表明→evident adj. 明显的→evidently adv. 明显地，显而易见
15．anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望→anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的→anxiously adv. 焦急地；担忧地
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．surgeon n. 外科医生
2．physician n. 医师，内科医生
3．chemist n. 药剂师，药商；化学家
4．dentist n. 牙科医生
5．gene n. 基因
6．bandage n. 绷带
7．game-changing adj. 改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的)
8．clinic n. 私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间
9．acupuncture n. 针刺疗法
10．lifespan n. 寿命，有效期
11．limb n. 肢，臂，腿
12．rubber n. 橡胶；橡皮
13．leather n. 皮革
14．sensory adj. 感觉的，感官的
15．centimetre n. 厘米
四、重点短语明搭配
1．relate to 涉及，与……相关
2．prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
3．wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决
4．in addition to 除了……
5．be made of 由……制成
6．a ripe old age 高龄
7．go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事
8．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今
9．play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用
10．serve as... 充当/作为……
五、教材佳句会运用
1．最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。(make＋it＋adj.＋to do)
Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
2．然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理地使用它的问题。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
3．到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的一个不同部位。(独立主格)
Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body.
4．例如，有几种不同的理论试图解释针刺疗法如何缓解疼痛，但至今仍然莫衷一是。(there be句型；现在分词短语作定语)
For example, there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain, but no agreement has been reached.
基础检测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Recently, the police have arrested a great many people related (联系)to drug abuse.
2．Before we pass a proposal, we always have it debated (讨论)for several times at the meeting.
3．He switched (转变)from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.
4．Having abused (滥用)his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends，he is now under investigation.
5．It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured only by examination (考试)results.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Mary made adjustments (adjust)in time，overcame all difficulties and ultimately turned to writing love stories.
2．These chemicals (chemical)come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
3．Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled (disable)customers may ride for half the regular fare.
4．(2025·全国二卷)However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity (identify)．
5．If you do that again, you will be severely (severe)punished.
Ⅲ.选词填空
date back to; put...in place; prohibit...from; without doubt; wrestle with
1．The coastal countries should wrestle with the nuclear waste water rather than simply pouring it into the sea.
2．Students have put their computers in place for tomorrow's exam.
3．It's without doubt that our new marketing strategy has been a significant factor in the company's success.
4．People have different opinions about the school prohibiting students from bringing mobile phones to class.
5．At the entrance of the college, there are two trees dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．这种情况使得他完全不可能展现出他的优势。(make＋it＋adj.＋to do)
The situation made it absolutely impossible for him to show his strengths．
2．随着社会的快速发展，我们发现和朋友聚会的时间变少了。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the society develops rapidly, we find less time to gather with our friends.
3．小学生们正沿着乡间小路散步，每个人都戴着一顶小红帽。(独立主格)
The schoolchildren are walking along the country road, each wearing a small red cap.
课时作业37
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
(2025·湖北武汉适应性检测)
There are many therapies that can help a stroke patient recover.Anitha Thomas, Lead Occupational Therapist at Bupa Care Services, shares some fun games for stroke patients.
After a stroke, some people can have trouble with their thinking, reasoning, awareness, and memory.This can change how a person communicates, moves，and thinks.
While there is currently no cure for stroke, there are many treatments and therapies that can help patients recover and regain their independence.For people who have experienced strokes, playing games can be an important part of rehabilitation (康复)．
Games can help to reduce stress and anxiety and provide a much－needed sense of normality and fun during a challenging time.
Puzzles
Puzzles are a wonderful way to improve cognitive function and problem－solving skills.There are many different types of puzzles such as trying to complete a jigsaw and card matching.The latter is a great visual memory game that helps with visual scanning and mental recall.
Board games
Classic board games are a great way to improve social interaction and problem－solving skills.There are many different types of board games available, each with its own unique set of challenges and benefits.For example, four in a row is a great game for challenging dexterity, gross and fine motor skills, while also requiring players who face cognitive decline to use tactics like anticipatory skills, logic, and strategic thinking.
Card games
Everyone usually has a deck of playing cards, and these are a terrific way to improve cognitive function and hand－eye coordination.There are many different types of card games available, so you can find one that is appropriate for the individual's skill level.
Word games
Word games are a wonderful way to improve memory and language skills.Creating small letter tiles to make up words helps motor skills along with retaining the different letters and putting them together to make a word, improving cognitive skills.
Keep up with the top stories by subscribing to our weekly magazine.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一些有助于中风患者康复的游戏。
1．Who are the target readers of this article？(　B　)
A.Families who have family members with cancer.
B．Hospitals whose patients suffer from stroke.
C．Scientists who study the mental illness.
D．Doctors who are curing the patients of memory loss.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段和第三段的内容并结合下文介绍的有助于中风患者康复的游戏可知，本文的目标读者应该是有中风病人的医院。故选B。
2．What do these games have in common？(　A　)
A.Cognitive skills.
B．Hand－eye coordination.
C．Problem－solving skills.
D．Strategic thinking.
解析：细节理解题。根据Puzzles部分第一句“Puzzles are a wonderful way to improve cognitive function and problem－solving skills.”、Board games部分最后一句“For example, four in a row is a great game for challenging dexterity, gross and fine motor skills, while also requiring players who face cognitive decline to use tactics like anticipatory skills, logic, and strategic thinking.”、Card games部分第一句“Everyone usually has a deck of playing cards, and these are a terrific way to improve cognitive function and hand－eye coordination.”及Word games部分最后一句“Creating small letter tiles to make up words helps motor skills along with retaining the different letters and putting them together to make a word, improving cognitive skills.”可知，这些游戏的共同之处在于可以提高认知技能。故选A。
3．How can you find more information？(　B　)
A．By searching on the Internet.
B．By buying the magazine.
C．By writing a letter to the magazine.
D．By clicking the web page.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Keep up with the top stories by subscribing to our weekly magazine.”可知，可以通过购买该杂志了解更多信息。故选B。
(2025·浙江鄞州中学等十二校联考)
For over twenty years, fried chicken had been my absolutely favorite food.I would have it at least three times a week, whether it was from a fast－food joint, a local diner, or even homemade.I planned my outings around places that served delicious fried chicken.There were times when I tried to cut back on it, especially when I started to gain some weight, but I always ended up giving in to my cravings within a few days.
This year, a series of events changed my relationship with fried chicken forever.I began experiencing frequent stomachaches and indigestion.Doctors couldn't directly link these problems to fried chicken, but I noticed that every time I ate it, my discomfort worsened.Additionally, I started to realize that the once－mouth－watering smell and taste now left a heavy, greasy feeling in my mouth that I couldn't ignore.One evening, after finishing a large bucket of fried chicken, I felt so sick that I couldn't sleep well all night.That was the turning point.I decided that enough was enough, after two decades of indulgence.
Why was it so hard to let go before Is there really something addictive in fried chicken While there's no official “fried chicken addiction” listed in medical books, experts point out factors that could contribute to its allure．Dr Johnson from a nutrition research center mentions two main elements: the high－fat content and the combination of spices.The high－fat content triggers the release of endorphins in the brain, making us feel good, while the unique blend of spices stimulates our taste buds, making us want more.
Now, I'm on Day 35 of my “fried－chicken－free” journey.The first week was tough.I had strong cravings and even felt a bit down at times, almost like going through mild withdrawal.But as the days passed, I started to feel better.My stomach problems became less frequent, and I even noticed that I had more energy.I'm really proud of myself for breaking this long－standing habit.If I can overcome my love for fried chicken, I believe I can overcome any other challenging habit in my life.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者对炸鸡的长期喜爱及最终因健康问题放弃食用炸鸡的经历。
4．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph？(　C　)
A．Fried chicken was only a casual part of the author's diet.
B．The author never worried about the health risks of eating fried chicken.
C．The author had a deep and long－lasting love for fried chicken.
D．The author successfully reduced the intake of fried chicken several times.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“For over twenty years, fried chicken had been my absolutely favorite food… but I always ended up giving in to my cravings within a few days.”可知，作者二十多年来每周至少吃三次炸鸡，围绕有炸鸡的地方安排出行，虽尝试减少却总会放弃。由此可推断出，作者对炸鸡有着深厚且长久的喜爱，炸鸡是其生活中重要的一部分。故选C。
5．What led the author to give up fried chicken？(　B　)
A．A doctor's strict order.
B．Health problems and an unpleasant feeling after eating.
C．A newfound dislike for the smell of chicken.
D．A friend's advice on a healthier diet.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“I began experiencing frequent stomachaches and indigestion…That was the turning point.”可知，作者出现胃痛、消化不良等健康问题，且吃完炸鸡后会感觉不适，同时还觉得炸鸡口感变差，这些因素促使作者放弃炸鸡。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “allure” in paragraph 3 probably mean？(　D　)
A．Harm. B．Cost.
C．Waste. D．Attraction.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Why was it so hard to let go before Is there really something addictive in fried chicken While there's no official ‘fried chicken addiction’ listed in medical books, experts point out factors that could contribute to its allure．”可知，专家指出炸鸡中某些因素会导致人们对其上瘾，所以“allure”的意思是“吸引力”，与“attraction”意思相近。故选D。
7．How does the author feel about giving up fried chicken？(　C　)
A．Regretful. B．Confused.
C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“I'm really proud of myself for breaking this long－standing habit.If I can overcome my love for fried chicken, I believe I can overcome any other challenging habit in my life.”可知，作者对自己放弃炸鸡感到满意。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·福建漳州模拟预测)
A young scientist from Annandale, Virginia, has secured the title of “America's Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to fight skin cancer.
At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele __1__ as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, __2__ among nine other finalists with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). In __4__ of his achievement, this ninth-grade boy is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25，000.
In Bekele's own words, “Curing cancer, one bar of __5__ at a time.” His __6__ for biology and technology was the driving force behind this clever creation, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge __7__ him with the perfect platform to showcase his __8__ ideas.
Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele __9__ that his childhood played a significant role in __10__ his innovative thinking. Having __11__ people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but __12__ how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure.
“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview.__13__， Bekele's creation obtained the __14__ of Food and Drug Administration.
Over the coming five years, Bekele __15__ to perfect his invention and establish a non-profit organization dedicated to distributing his innovative creation to under-served communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Heman Bekele凭创新发明“皮肤癌治疗肥皂”获美国顶尖青年科学家称号，并计划完善发明以帮助更多人。
1．(　C　)A.led B．competed
C．emerged D．acted
解析：句意：年仅14岁的Heman Bekele成为2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛的获胜者……A.led带领；B.competed 竞争；C.emerged出现；D.acted担任。根据下文“as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge”以及语境可知，此处指以获胜者身份脱颖而出。故选C项。
2．(　A　)A.standing out B．pulling off
C．getting through D．picking up
解析：句意：……在其他九名决赛选手中，他凭借名为皮肤癌治疗肥皂的创新发明脱颖而出。A.standing out脱颖而出；B.pulling off成功完成；C.getting through通过；D.picking up捡起。根据下文“with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS)”以及语境可知，此处指他的发明让他在决赛中脱颖而出。故选A项。
3．(　D　)A.tool B．device
C．idea D．creation
解析：句意同上。A.tool工具；B.device设备；C.idea想法；D.creation发明。根据上文“groundbreaking creation”可知，此处指他凭借发明脱颖而出，creation是原词复现。故选D项。
4．(　B　)A.search B．recognition
C．favour D．memory
解析：句意：为表彰他的成就，这个九年级的男孩将获得25 000美元的丰厚现金奖励。in search of寻找； in recognition of表彰； in favour of支持； in memory of纪念。根据下文“achievement”和“a substantial cash award of $25，000”可知，此处表示表彰他的成就。故选B项。
5．(　B　)A.iron B．soap
C．chocolate D．cheese
解析：句意：用Bekele自己的话说：“一次用一块肥皂治愈癌症。”A.iron熨斗；B.soap肥皂；C.chocolate巧克力；D.cheese奶酪。根据首段“a bar of soap designed to fight skin cancer”可知，此处指他发明的肥皂，soap是原词复现。故选B项。
6．(　A　)A.passion B．respect
C．taste D．desire
解析：句意：他对生物学和技术的热情是这个巧妙发明背后的驱动力。A.passion热情；B.respect尊重；C.taste品味；D.desire欲望。根据下文“the driving force behind this clever creation”可知，此处指是热情驱动他发明。故选A项。
7．(　D　)A.stuffed B．charged
C．filled D．provided
解析：句意：3M青年科学家挑战赛为他提供了展示其原创想法的完美平台。A.stuffed塞满；B.charged控告；C.filled充满；D.provided提供。根据下文“him with the perfect platform”可知，此处指挑战赛给他提供了展示机会。故选D项。
8．(　C　)A.new B．crazy
C．original D．basic
解析：句意同上。A.new新的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.original原创的；D.basic基本的。根据上文“this clever creation”以及语境可知，此处指Heman Bekele用自己原创的想法创造出这块肥皂。故选C项。
9．(　A　)A.shared B．proved
C．denied D．hoped
解析：句意：回顾自己的灵感来源， Bekele分享说，他的童年在塑造他的创新思维方面发挥了重要作用。A.shared分享；B.proved证明；C.denied否认；D.hoped希望。根据上文“Reflecting on his inspiration”以及语境可知，此处指他在分享自己的经历。故选A项。
10．(　C　)A.breaking B．finding
C．shaping D．changing
解析：句意同上。A.breaking打破；B.finding找到；C.shaping塑造；D.changing改变。根据下文“Having __11__ people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but __12__ how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure.”可知，是童年的经历塑造了他的想法。故选C项。
11．(　A　)A.witnessed B．appreciated
C．remembered D．helped
解析：句意：看到人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到长时间日晒的风险。A.witnessed目睹；B.appreciated欣赏；C.remembered记得；D.helped帮助。根据下文“people work tirelessly under the sun”以及语境可知，此处指他目睹了这一情景，从而促使他想要改变这一切。故选A项。
12．(　B　)A.confirm B．wonder
C．guess D．realize
解析：句意同上。A.confirm确认；B.wonder想知道；C.guess猜测；D.realize意识到。根据下文“how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure”以及语境可知，此处指他想知道有多少人意识到长时间日晒的风险。故选B项。
13．(　B　)A.Gradually B．Ultimately
C．Directly D．Suddenly
解析：句意：最终， Bekele的发明获得了美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Ultimately最终；C.Directly直接地；D.Suddenly突然地。根据下文“Bekele's creation obtained the __14__ of Food and Drug Administration”可知，这是发明推进的最终结果。故选B项。
14．(　D　)A.qualification B．requirement
C．procedure D．approval
解析：句意同上。A.qualification资格；B.requirement要求；C.procedure程序；D.approval批准。根据“Food and Drug Administration”以及常识可知，发明需获得官方批准。故选D项。
15．(　C　)A.affords B．agrees
C．intends D．offers
解析：句意：在接下来的五年里，Bekele打算完善他的发明，并成立一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新成果分发给服务不足的社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。A.affords负担得起；B.agrees同意；C.intends打算；D.offers提供。根据上文“Over the coming five years”可知，这是他对未来的打算。故选C项。
课时作业38
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
(2026· 河北衡水摸底)
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered that pupil (瞳孔)size continuously changes during sleep, reflecting shifts in brain activity.This breakthrough could aid in identifying sleep disorders and brain conditions like Alzheimer's.
Led by Sarah Meissner and Nicole Wenderoth, the research team challenged the long－held belief that the brain remains in a low－activation state during sleep.Their study, published in Nature Communications, reveals frequent changes in pupil size—from rapid shifts within seconds to gradual changes over minutes.These variations correlate with activation levels in brain regions adjusting sleep－wake cycles.
To measure pupil dynamics, scientists developed a novel method: keeping sleepers' eyes open using a medical－grade transparent glue.“We worried people couldn't sleep with open eyes, but in darkness, most forgot their eyes were open，” explained lead author Manuel Carro Dominguez.The team tracked pupil changes alongside brainwave patterns, finding connections to important sleep processes like memory－boosting brain waves and deep－sleep waves.
Interestingly, pupils also responded to sounds differently depending on brain activation levels at the moment.Future studies will test whether the locus coeruleus—a tiny area in the brain that controls awakening—directly drives these pupil changes. Researchers plan to apply drugs targeting this area to observe effects on pupil dynamics.“If proven, it could explain how activation levels influence sleep quality and functions，” said neuroscientist Caroline Lustenberger.
This discovery holds promise for medical applications.Pupil monitoring might help doctors find sleep problems, stress－related conditions, or early signs of memory loss by detecting abnormal brain activity.The team aims to adapt the technology for hospital use, such as tracking unconscious patients' brain activity or improving sleep disorder assessments.“The pupil acts like a window into the sleeping brain，” Lustenberger noted, suggesting it could innovate upon both neuroscience and sleep medicine.
By transforming a simple eye observation into a brain activity detector, this research bridges fundamental science and practical healthcare solutions.As next－generation devices make pupil tracking more accessible, sleep labs worldwide may soon adopt this approach to unlock deeper insights into the mysteries of the sleeping mind.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了苏黎世联邦理工学院研究发现睡眠时瞳孔大小变化反映大脑活动，这一发现挑战传统认知，有望助力诊断睡眠障碍等，应用前景广阔。
1．What common idea about sleep does the ETH Zurich research question？(　B　)
A．That brain activity shifts with sleep cycles.
B．That sleep involves reduced brain activity.
C．That pupil size only changes when awake.
D．That brain remains inactive during the night.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Led by Sarah Meissner and Nicole Wenderoth, the research team challenged the long－held belief that the brain remains in a low－activation state during sleep.”可知，该研究挑战了睡眠会导致大脑活动减弱这一观点。故选B。
2．How did the researchers conduct their study？(　D　)
A．By comparing sleepers' various brain waves.
B．By using a glue to keep sleepers' eyes closed.
C.By linking the pupil changes to the brain function.
D．By recording the state of sleepers' pupils and brain.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The team tracked pupil changes alongside brainwave patterns, finding connections to important sleep processes like memory－boosting brain waves and deep－sleep waves.”可知，研究人员通过记录被测试者的瞳孔和大脑的状态进行这项研究。故选D。
3．Why might pupil monitoring be important in medicine？(　C　)
A．It can cure sleep disorders.
B．It can prevent memory loss.
C．It may transform healthcare.
D．It may increase brain activity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“This discovery holds promise for medical applications…Lustenberger noted, suggesting it could innovate upon both neuroscience and sleep medicine.”可知，在医学领域中对瞳孔的监测会很重要是因为它可能会改变医疗行业。故选C。
4．What is the author's attitude toward the research？(　A　)
A．Optimistic and forward－looking.
B．Mindful and reserved.
C．Enthusiastic and groundbreaking.
D．Critical and doubtful.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“By transforming a simple eye observation into a brain activity detector…sleep labs worldwide may soon adopt this approach to unlock deeper insights into the mysteries of the sleeping mind.”可知，最后一段指出该研究连接基础科学与实际医疗解决方案，且下一代设备将让瞳孔追踪更便捷，这体现了作者对该研究的乐观态度和前瞻性。故选A。
(2026·陕西西安摸底)
Fears that smartphones, tablets and other devices could drive dementia (痴呆)in later life have been challenged by research that found lower rates of cognitive decline in older people who used the technology.It is unclear whether the technology staves off mental decline, or whether people with better cognitive skills simply use them more, but the scientists say the findings question the claim that screen time drives “digital dementia”．“For the first generation that was exposed to digital tools, their use is associated with better cognitive functioning，” said Dr Jared Benge, a clinical neuropsychologist at UT Health Austin's Comprehensive Memory Center.
Benge and his colleague Dr Michael Scullin, a cognitive neuroscientist at Baylor University in Texas, analysed 57 published studies that examined the use of digital technology in 411，430 adults around the world.The average age was 69 years old and all had a cognitive test or diagnosis.The scientists found that using a computer, the Internet or some combination of these was associated with a lower risk of cognitive damage.
More work is needed to explain the findings, but the researchers suspect a two－way relationship underlies the results.In this scenario, people with better thinking skills are more likely to use digital devices, but there are also cognitive benefits from embracing the technology.Benge pointed out digital tools could help people engage in complex activities and boost their social connections, both of which appeared to be good for the ageing brain.The technology also allowed people to compensate for cognitive decline and function more easily, he added.
The pros and cons of smartphones and other devices on the ageing brain depended on how they were used.“Using digital devices in the way that we use televisions—passive and inactive, both physically and mentally—is not likely to be beneficial，” said Scullin.“But our computers and smartphones also can be mentally stimulating, afford social connections, and provide compensation for cognitive abilities that are declining with ageing.These latter types of uses have long been regarded as beneficial for cognitive ageing.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明使用数字技术可能与老年人认知功能下降风险降低相关，并分析了原因及使用方式的影响。
5．What does the underlined phrase “staves off” mean in paragraph l？(　B　)
A．Advances. B．Postpones.
C．Enables. D．Includes.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“Fears that smartphones, tablets and other devices could drive dementia (痴呆)in later life…but the scientists say the findings question the claim that screen time drives ‘digital dementia’．”可知，这里探讨使用数字技术是否能延缓智力衰退，故“staves off”的意思是“阻止，延缓”，与“postpones”同义。故选B。
6．What is the conclusion of the document research？(　A　)
A．Using digital tools may reduce cognitive harm.
B.Digital dementia is conclusively proved by data.
C.Electronic products generate high cognitive risks.
D.Seniors benefit more from the digital technology.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists found that using a computer, the Internet or some combination of these was associated with a lower risk of cognitive damage.”可知，使用数字工具可能会减少认知伤害。故选A。
7．How do digital devices assist the elder？(　C　)
A．By enhancing their thinking skills.
B．By exciting their bodily reactions.
C．By improving their social bonds.
D．By providing psychological aids.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Benge pointed out digital tools could help people engage in complex activities and boost their social connections, both of which appeared to be good for the ageing brain.”可知，数字设备通过改善老年人的社交关系来帮助他们。故选C。
8．What may Scullin advise doing？(　D　)
A．Engaging in e－shopping regularly.
B．Controlling the use of smartphones.
C．Watching movies without moving.
D．Making wise use of digital tools.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The pros and cons of smartphones and other devices on the ageing brain depended on how they were used…These latter types of uses have long been regarded as beneficial for cognitive ageing.”可知，Scullin建议要明智地使用数字工具。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·山西大同教学质量监测)
How to Protect Your Eyes
While Staring at a Screen All Day
In today's digital world, prolonged screen exposure can cause eye problems like dryness and blurred vision. 1(____)Here are useful tips to protect your eyes and feel better during long work or study hours.
2(____)Looking at a screen for too long makes eye muscles tired.Experts suggest the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.However, longer breaks are better for your eyes' health.Recent research indicates that taking a 5-minute break each hour might be even better to relax your eyes completely.
Blink more and use eye drops preventively.When you focus on a screen, you blink less, which dries out your eyes.Blinking more often helps keep your eyes wet and comfortable.Using preservative-free (不含防腐剂的)eye drops every few hours can also help. 3(____)
Adjust your screen settings properly.Position your screen about an arm's length away and slightly below eye level. 4(____)Additionally, increasing text size and adjusting brightness can significantly reduce eye strain.
Protecting your eyes requires consistent effort, but small changes to your daily routine can make a big difference. 5(____)Regular eye check-ups are essential for maintaining good vision.If symptoms persist, consult an eye care professional.
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几条保护眼睛、缓解眼疲劳的实用建议。
1．F　解析：根据上文“In today's digital world, prolonged screen exposure can cause eye problems like dryness and blurred vision.”可知，长时间看屏幕会引发眼部问题，空处需转折并引出预防方法，F选项“However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.(然而，许多人并不知道如何预防这些问题。)”符合语境，其中“these issues”呼应前文“eye problems”。故选F。
2．A　解析：根据下文“Looking at a screen for too long makes eye muscles tired.Experts suggest the 20/20/20 rule… However, longer breaks are better for your eyes' health.”可知，本段围绕看屏幕时要定时休息展开，A选项“Take regular visual breaks.(定时让眼睛休息)”概括段落主旨，符合语境。故选A。
3．D　解析：根据上文“Using preservative－free (不含防腐剂的)eye drops every few hours can also help.”可知，使用眼药水缓解眼干，空处应说明使用方法，D选项“Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.(在眼睛感到干涩之前就滴，而不仅仅是在疼痛的时候。)”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
4．C　解析：上文“Position your screen about an arm's length away and slightly below eye level.”讲述屏幕摆放位置，空处需强调其重要性，C选项“Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.(确保你的屏幕处于正确的位置很重要。)”与前文内容呼应，符合语境。故选C。
5．E　解析：上文“Protecting your eyes requires consistent effort, but small changes to your daily routine can make a big difference.”强调保护眼睛需坚持和小改变的重要性，空处需说明遵循建议的效果，E选项“By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.(通过遵循这些建议，你可以减少屏幕带来的眼疲劳。)”符合语境。故选E。(共150张PPT)
选择性必修第二册　
Unit 3　Fit for life
内容索引
词汇复现 语境串记
多维演练 素养提升
基础默测
高效课堂 考点突破
课时作业
词汇复现 语境串记
返回
熟读话题外刊，速记单元词汇
In the area of genetic editing, the very nature of a 1.being (n. 生物)can be changed. While some might 2.contract (v. 感染)diseases like the 3.virus (n. 病毒)or 4.cancer (n. 癌症)，genetic editing can be 5.related (v. 使有联系)to the 6.means (n. 方法，方式)to potentially 7.delete (v. 删去)or 8.restore (v. 恢复)certain genes. 9.Ultimately (adv. 最终；根本上)，this technology can be a powerful 10.weapon (n. 手段)，addressing 11.fundamental (adj. 十分重大的)genetic issues at their very 12.pace (n. 节奏).
being
contract
virus
cancer
related
means
delete
restore
Ultimately
weapon
fundamental
pace
However, ethical concerns 13.arise (vi. 出现). How much should we 14.restrict (vt. 限制)such technologies While it might help combat diseases like the 15.flu (n. 流行性感冒)，the 16.characteristic (adj. 典型的)changes made to DNA have been a topic of 17.debate (n. 讨论). 18.Findings (n. 调查结果)suggest that when the time is 19.ripe (adj. 成熟的)，we might 20.withdraw (vi. & vt. 脱离)from using 21.artificial (adj. 人工的)methods that are too 22.outgoing (adj. 外向的)or not 23.conventional (adj. 传统的)．
arise
restrict
flu
characteristic
debate
Findings
ripe
withdraw
artificial
outgoing
conventional
The drive to 24.fuel (vt. 给……提供燃料)this technology and 25.tackle (vt. 解决)genetic diseases is strong. With a simple 26.needle (n. 针)，27.solid (adj. 实心的)changes can be made at the genetic level. A 28.switch (n. 转变)in a gene could potentially alter our 29.tongue's (n. 舌头)taste buds or strengthen our 30.wrist (n. 手腕). Every 31.organ (n. 器官)in our body, from the heart to the liver, can be impacted. But with such power comes 32.severe (adj. 严峻的)responsibility. The potential for 33.abuse (n. 滥用)，using it as a 34.drug (n. 药物)or altering natural 35.phenomena (n. 现象)，is high. Genetic editing can become a 36.symbol (n. 象征)of hope or a tool of 37.widespread (adj. 分布广的)controversy. Every 38.department (n. 部门)of science, ethics, and philosophy will have a say in its future.
fuel
tackle
needle
solid
switch
tongue's
wrist
organ
severe
abuse
drug
phenomena
symbol
widespread
department
高效课堂 　考点突破
返回
1 affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭，使感染；深深打动
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Affected (affect)with a serious disease，he became disabled and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
②(2024·全国甲卷)However, when a cat is looking for affection (affect)，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.

A
重难考点
Affected
affection
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。
→In summary，the English newspaper Youth affects me greatly. I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper. (affect)
→In summary，the English newspaper Youth has a great effect on me. I am often deeply affected by countless moving stories in the newspaper.(effect)
affects me greatly
has a great effect on
me
知识归纳
(1)be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
(3)affection n. 喜爱
show/have/feel (much)affection for
(非常)喜欢……，喜爱……
[写作佳句]　(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I feel much affection for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me. (读后续写之情感描写)
我深爱着我的妈妈，她的言行对我有着积极的影响。
2 contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n. 合同，合约
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Doctors control their budgets and contract with hospitals for services.
②These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller.
③The company won a contract for work on Chicago's tallest building.
④Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.
⑤I have entered into a contract to do (do)a research project on the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems.
with
between
for
to
to do
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑥两家公司最终达成协议并签署了合同，标志着新的商业伙伴关系的开始。
The two companies have finally reached an agreement and signed a contract, marking the beginning of a new business partnership. (应用文写作之报道)

signed a
contract,
知识归纳
(1)contract with sb. for sth. 与某人签订……合同
be contracted to… 与……签订合同
(2)contract between A and B A和B所签的合同
sign a contract with sb. 与某人签订合同
a contract of employment 雇用合同
the contract for sth./to do sth.做某事的合同
[写作佳句]　We are pleased to inform you that your application for a contract of employment has been successful. (应用文写作之通知)
我们很高兴地通知你，你的雇用合同申请成功了。
3 means n. (pl. means)手段；方法，方式；财富，钱财
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Now every means is (be)used to prevent the water from being polluted.
②People all over the world are kept informed of what is happening immediately by means of the Internet.
is
of
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③Mac could by no means scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.
→By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul. (用倒装句改写)
By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away
知识归纳
[名师指津]　当means作主语并且有every，each，one，a等修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，all，a few等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
a means of (doing)sth. (做)某事的方法或途径
by means of 用……办法，借助……
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
by all means 一定，务必；当然可以
4 arise vi. 出现，发生；(由……)引起，(因……)产生
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Seeing her husband pacing back and forth, the woman arose (arise)from her seat and asked him to stop.
②One method which can be adopted to curb the problems which arise out of unemployment among youths involves the providing of relief.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
③At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters arising from his class.
→At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters which/that arose from his class. (定语从句)
arose
of
which/that arose from his class
知识归纳
[写作佳句]　Another flight would be arranged on Saturday if sufficient demand arose. (应用文写作之通知)
如果有足够的需求量，周六就会安排另一个航班。
arise from＝arise out of 由……引起/产生；从……中产生
arise from one's chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来
5 resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①Participating in extra-curricular activities helps improve students' resistance to stress and examination anxiety.
②I prefer the plants that are resistant (resist)to bad climate.
③Their house, which was solidly built, resisted (resist)the main shock.
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我知道我该做作业了，但是我就是忍不住玩电脑游戏。
I know it's time that I got down to doing my homework, but I just can't resist playing computer games. (读后续写之心理描写)
to
resistant
resisted
can't resist playing computer games
知识归纳
(1)resistance to… 对……的抵制/抵抗
(2)resist vi. & vt. 抵制；抵挡
resist (doing)sth. 抵制(做)某事
can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事
(3)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；抵制的
be resistant to sth. 对……有抵抗力；抵制某事
[写作佳句]　Sebastian, feeling ashamed, said to himself that he ought to have resisted John. (读后续写之心理、语言描写)
塞巴斯蒂安感到羞愧，他自言自语地说他应该挡住约翰的。
6 debate n. 辩论；讨论，争论 v. 辩论，讨论；仔细考虑，思考
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①There is a heated debate about/on/over whether some conventional customs should be abolished.
②It has been reported that the country's health care reform is still under debate.
③After he debated with his parents on/about the choice of major, his parents recommended him to choose math major.
about/on/over
under
with
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④我们必须讨论应该采取什么措施来阻止空气污染。
We must debate what measures should be taken to stop the air pollution. (应用文写作之倡议信)
debate what measures should be taken to stop the air
pollution
知识归纳
(1)a debate on/over/about…关于……的辩论
under debate正在讨论中
(2)debate with sb. on/about/over sth.
和某人就某事辩论
debate wh-从句/wh-＋to do 讨论/辩论……
[写作佳句]　He is a very controversial figure, always enjoying debating with others. (读后续写之人物描写)
他是一个非常有争议的人物，总是喜欢和别人辩论。
7 adjust vt. & vi. 调整，调节；适应；习惯；整理
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①If you go to a new place, you must adjust yourself to the new surroundings quickly.
②When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to living (live)on his own.
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If not, please let me know in advance so that I can make adjustments (adjust)accordingly.
④Top and bottom sizes can be mixed and matched, and many are adjustable (adjust)．
to
living
adjustments
adjustable
[能力提升]—— 微写作
⑤得知你在适应新的学校生活方面有些困难，我写信给你一些建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Knowing that you have some difficulty in adjusting yourself to the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of help to you. (应用文写作之建议信)
adjusting yourself to the
new school life,
知识归纳
(1)adjust to (doing)sth. 适应(做)某事，习惯(做)某事
adjust…to 将……调整到；使……适应
adjust oneself to (doing)sth.使自己适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment to 对……做出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[写作佳句]　These desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child. (说明文写作之事物介绍)
这些桌椅可以随儿童的身高而调整。
8 without doubt 毫无疑问，的确
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空
①(2024·浙江1月卷)Half excited and half doubtful (doubt)，Eva came up to him and was eager to know the reason why he praised her.
②You can complain, but I doubt whether/if it will make any difference.
③(2025·全国二卷)There is no doubt that your expertise and insights on Canadian sports will make the article highly engaging and informative for our readers.
④Without doubt, it's very beneficial for students to take an active part in different kinds of English competitions.
doubtful
whether/if
that
Without
[能力提升]—— 一句多译
⑤我怀疑她是否会同意这一计划。
→There is some doubt whether she will agree to this plan. (doubt n．)
→I doubt whether/if she will agree to this plan. (doubt v．)
There is some doubt whether
doubt whether/if
知识归纳
(1)There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……(that之后的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt的内容)
There is some doubt whether…怀疑是否……
(2)don't doubt that 不怀疑……
doubt whether/if…怀疑/不相信是否……
(3)doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不太可能的；不可靠的
[名师指津]　在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句。
9 date back to 追溯到……，始于，自……至今
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①My interest in stamp collecting dates (date)back to my school days.
②Standing on the top of the hill is a monument, dating (date)back to hundreds of years ago.
③This model is the newest and most up to date (最时尚的)．
[能力提升]—— 微写作
④据我所知，他们已经确定了婚礼的日期。
As far as I know, they have set/fixed the date for the wedding. (读后续写之情节介绍)
dates
dating
most up to date
they have set/fixed the date for
知识归纳
[名师指津]　date back (to)一般只用于现在时态，且没有被动语态。
(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到……
(2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的
up to date 至今，到目前为止；最近的，新式的；拥有最新信息的
fix/set a date for 确定……的日期
have a date with sb. 和某人有约会
10 句型公式：独立主格
(教材原句)Up to now，more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body.
到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的一个不同部位。
[基础检测]—— 单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2025·全国一卷)My heart pounding (pound)，I knocked on the door, the biscuits held (hold)tightly in my hands, hoping my brother would forgive me.
pounding
held
②(2023·浙江1 月卷)The evening glow spreading (spread)across the farm, it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together.
③The ceremony over (仪式结束了)，we went home directly.
[能力提升]—— 句式升级
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)She hugged the caring twins tightly, her eyes flooded with/full of tears.
→She hugged the caring twins tightly, with her eyes flooded with/full of tears．(with复合结构)
spreading
The ceremony over
with her eyes flooded with/full
of tears
知识归纳
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状态等。独立主格结构有以下几种形式：
(1)名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)
(2)名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动或已完成)
(3)名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
(4)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
[名师指津]　在独立主格结构前加with就构成with复合结构。独立主格结构经常会简化，尤其经常省去现在分词(being)。
[查漏补缺]
1．Regular practice is fundamental to improving your language skills effectively.
2．The old man restricted himself to smoking (smoke)three cigarettes a day.
3．A few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing (share)student contact information.
4．I'm so grateful to you for all that you've done.
B
拾遗考点
to
smoking
sharing
to
5．(2024·新课标I卷)The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
6．It was very strong, made of three solid planks of wood.
7．After all, people often do go to great lengths to help (help)others.
8．Nothing can ever take the place of real love and family togetherness.
9．Information and data will play a critical role in the future of the energy industry.
10．They serve as a natural fertilizer and help support the roots of future crops.
to
of
to help
of
a
as
知识点拨
1.take the place of 代替
2．serve as 充当/作为……
3．be fundamental to 对……来说是基本的
4．go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
5．play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用
6．restrict oneself/sb.to (doing)sth. 约束自己/某人(做)某事
7．be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人
8．relate to涉及
9．be made of 由……制成
10．prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
多维演练 　素养提升
返回
维度一　单句语法填空
1．The more pesticides are used, the more resistant (resist)the insects become, so the more pesticides have to be used.
2．When you're older I think you're better equipped (equip)mentally to cope with whatever happens.
3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment (adjust)．
resistant
equipped
adjustment
4．(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence (evident)that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的)creatures.
5．(2022·浙江1月卷)Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，I was burning with anxiety (anxious)，so I rushed towards the hospital.
6．She had the courage and determination to rise above her physical disability (disable)．
7．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed. (disturb)
evidence
anxiety
disability
Disturbing
disturbed
8．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related (relate)changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
9．There is a heated debate about/on/over whether women should spend more time at home.
10．For some amateurs, competing in some races is regarded as a good means of entertainment.

related
about/on/over
a
维度二　一词多义和熟词生义
1．contract
(1)Neither side can draw back from the agreement once the contract is signed.C
(2)Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department.D
(3)People don't just contract the virus through contacting with dead poultry.A
(4)As is known to all, metals contract in cold weather.B
A.v. 感染，患(病)B．v. 收缩；缩小；(使)缩短　C．n. 合同　D．v. (与……)订立合同；(与……)订契约
C
D
A
B
2．withdraw
(1)(外研版选必三U5)Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.C
(2)The country has announced it is to withdraw forty-thousand troops from Western Europe in the next year.D
(3)As he stared at one, the other then withdrew 300 euros from his account before the pair fled with the money.A
(4)(2021·浙江1月卷)I heard you are going to withdraw from the speech class.B
A.vt. 提，取(款)B．vi. 退出　C．vi. 脱离(社会)，不与人交往　D．vt. 撤回
C
D
A
B
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和意思
(1)She was deeply affected by the story, tears rolling down her cheeks.v. 使感动，打动
点拨：affect(熟义)v. 影响。此处意为“使感动，打动”。
(2)Research suggests that warm colors can fuel our appetite.
v. 增强，刺激
点拨：fuel(熟义)v. 给……增加燃料；n. 燃料。此处意为“增强，刺激”。
v. 使感动，打动
v. 增强，刺激
维度三　写作素养提升
Ⅰ.单元话题写作
假定你是李华，最近关注到了残疾人生活的不便利，请你向市政务委员会写一封英文信，倡议其增加方便残疾人生活的措施、关注残疾人的健康生活。
Step 1要点提示(黑体部分请用本单元知识)
①我是李华，写信的目的是想解决残疾人面临的严峻问题。
I am Li Hua, writing to address the severe problems the disabled citizens face.

address the severe problems
②我们的城市取得了进步，但仍有许多问题需要解决。
Our city has made progress, but there's still much to tackle．
③我建议针对他们的特殊需求建立专门的诊所，并确保公共场所配备坡道等精良设施。
I suggest we establish specialized clinics for their unique needs and ensure that public venues are solidly equipped with facilities like ramps.
④通过这样做，我们体恤了他们的难处并促使形成了一个更具包容性的环境。
By doing so, we relate to their struggles and promote a more inclusive environment.
there's still much to tackle
establish specialized clinics for their unique needs
are solidly equipped with facilities
relate to their struggles
⑤我希望市政务委员会认识到这一现象，从而考虑我的建议。
I hope that recognizing this phenomenon, the council will take my suggestions into account.
recognizing this phenomenon,
Step 2句式升级
⑥将句②改为含有while引导的让步状语从句的句子
While our city has made progress, there's still much to tackle.
⑦将句④用not only…but also…改写
By doing so, we not only relate to their struggles but also promote a more inclusive environment.
While our city has made progress, there's still much to tackle.
By doing so, we not only relate to their struggles but also promote a more inclusive environment.
Step 3衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇)
Dear City Council，
I am Li Hua, writing to address the severe problems the disabled citizens face. While our city has made progress, there's still much to tackle. I suggest we establish specialized clinics for their unique needs and ensure that public venues are solidly equipped with facilities like ramps. By doing so, we not only relate to their struggles but also promote a more inclusive environment.
Dear City Council，
I am Li Hua, writing to address the severe problems the disabled citizens face. While our city has made progress, there's still much to tackle. I suggest we establish specialized clinics for their unique needs and ensure that public venues are solidly equipped with facilities like ramps. By doing so, we not only relate to their struggles but also promote a more inclusive environment.
Last, I hope that recognizing this phenomenon, the council will take my suggestions into account.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Last, I hope that recognizing this phenomenon, the council will take my suggestions into account.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.读后续写微技能
动作细节描写：“手臂”动作
[语言素材]——输入必备知识
单词 1.stretch v．伸展
2．reach v．伸手
3．lift v．举起
4．lower v．放下
5．swing v．摆动
6．wave v．挥手
7．hug v．拥抱
8．embrace v．拥抱
词块 1.stretch one's arms 伸展双臂
2．reach out/up for 伸手去够
3．lift up high 高高举起
4．wave enthusiastically 热情地挥手
5．hug tightly 紧紧拥抱
6．embrace warmly 热情拥抱
7．pull gently 轻轻拉
8．throw accurately 准确地投掷
[跟踪演练]——提升关键能力
任务1　单句表达
1．在仪式结束时，他小心翼翼地放下旗帜。(lower)
He carefully lowered the flag as the ceremony came to an end.
2．为了引起她的注意，他轻轻地拉了拉她的袖子。(pull)
He pulled gently on her sleeve to get her attention.
3．获胜的运动员将奖牌高高举过头顶。(lift)
The winning athlete lifted the medal high above his head．
4．走路时，她习惯性地摆动手臂保持平衡。(swing)
While walking, she habitually swung her arms to maintain balance.
lowered the flag
pulled gently
lifted the medal high above his head
swung her arms
5．尽管压力很大，四分卫还是准确地将球扔给了接球手。(throw)
Despite the great pressure, the quarterback threw the ball accurately to the receiver.
threw the ball accurately
to
任务2　语段表达
During the family reunion, Grandma sat in her favorite chair as relatives arrived one by one. When she saw her youngest grandson approaching, she 1.stretched her arms (伸展双臂)wide with a warm smile. The little boy immediately ran over and she 2.hugged him tightly (紧紧拥抱他)against her chest. Later, when her adult children arrived, she 3.embraced them warmly (热情拥抱他们)at the doorway. During dinner, when the salt was too far away, she 4.reached out for (伸手去够)it across the table. As the evening ended and everyone prepared to leave, Grandma 5.waved enthusiastically (热情地挥手)from her window, watching her family drive away with mixed emotions of joy and sadness.
stretched her arms
hugged him tightly
embraced them warmly
reached out for
waved enthusiastically
基础默测
返回
一、核心单词写得准
1．symbol n. 象征；符号，代号
2．contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约)n. 合同，合约
3．virus n. 病毒；(计算机程序中的)病毒
4．cancer n. 癌症；邪恶，毒瘤
5．department n. (医院的)科，部门，局，系
6．means n. (pl. means)方法，方式；财富，钱财
7．delete vt. 删去，删除
A
默写达标
symbol
contract
virus
cancer
department
means
delete
8．restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位
9．ultimately adv. 最终；根本上
10．weapon n. 武器，手段；兵器
11．fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础
12．pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏 vt. & vi. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏
13．arise vi. (arose, arisen)发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生
14．abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
restore
ultimately
weapon
fundamental
pace
arise
abuse
15．flu n. 流行性感冒，流感
16．characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的，独特的
17．debate vt.& vi. 讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考 n. 讨论，争论；辩论
18．finding n. 调查发现，调研结果
19．ripe adj. 成熟的；时机成熟的
20．withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn)脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供
21．artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的
22．outgoing adj. 外向的
flu
characteristic
debate
finding
ripe
withdraw
artificial
outgoing
23．conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循习俗的
24．fuel vt. 增加，刺激；给……提供燃料 n. 燃料
25．tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决
26．needle n. 针；注射针；指针
27．solid adj. 实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的
28．switch vi.& vt. 转变；交换；调班 n. 开关，闸；转变，改变
29．widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的
30．organ n. 器官；风琴；机构，机关
conventional
fuel
tackle
needle
solid
switch
widespread
organ
二、拓展单词通变化
1．identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→identity n. 身份；本身；特征；同一性；相同
2．abnormal adj. 反常的，畸形的→normal adj. 正常的，标准的
3．prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
4．resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→resist v. 抵抗；抗拒→resistant adj. 抵抗的，反抗的
5．equip vt. 配备；使有能力→equipment n. 设备
6．grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的→gratitude n. 感谢；感激

identify
identity
abnormal
normal
prohibit
prohibition
resistance
resist
resistant
equip
equipment
grateful
gratitude
7．disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的→disability n. 缺陷，障碍
8．examine vt. 检查，检验；审查，调查；考，测试；审问→examination n. 考试；检查
9．alcohol n. 酒精，酒→alcoholic adj. 酒精的；含酒精的 n. 酒鬼；嗜酒如命者
10．infection n. 传染，感染→infected adj. 被感染的→infectious adj. 传染的；易传染的
11．specialize vi. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻→special adj. 特殊的；特别的 n. 特别活动(或节目等)；特制产品；特价

disabled
disability
examine
examination
alcohol
alcoholic
infection
infected
infectious
specialize
special
12．relate vi. & vt. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述→related adj. 有关系的；有关联的→relation n. 关系→relationship n. 关系
13．adjust vt. & vi. 调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理→adjustment n. 调整；调节→adjustable adj. 可调节的
14．evidence n. 证据，证明；物证，人证 vt. 证明，表明→evident adj. 明显的→evidently adv. 明显地，显而易见
15．anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望→anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的→anxiously adv. 焦急地；担忧地

relate
related
relation
relationship
adjust
adjustment
adjustable
evidence
evident
evidently
anxiety
anxious
anxiously
三、阅读单词晓词义
1．surgeon n. 外科医生
2．physician n. 医师，内科医生
3．chemist n. 药剂师，药商；化学家
4．dentist n. 牙科医生
5．gene n. 基因
6．bandage n. 绷带
7．game-changing adj. 改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的)
8．clinic n. 私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间

外科医生
医师，内科医生
药剂师，药商；化学家
牙科医生
基因
绷带
改变游戏规则的(指彻底改变事态发展的)
私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间
9．acupuncture n. 针刺疗法
10．lifespan n. 寿命，有效期
11．limb n. 肢，臂，腿
12．rubber n. 橡胶；橡皮
13．leather n. 皮革
14．sensory adj. 感觉的，感官的
15．centimetre n. 厘米
针刺疗法
寿命，有效期
肢，臂，腿
橡胶；橡皮
皮革
感觉的，感官的
厘米
四、重点短语明搭配
1．relate to 涉及，与……相关
2．prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
3．wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决
4．in addition to 除了……
5．be made of 由……制成
6．a ripe old age 高龄
7．go to great lengths to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事
8．date back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今
9．play a critical role in 在……中起关键作用
10．serve as... 充当/作为……
relate to
prohibit sb. from doing sth.
wrestle with
in addition to
be made of
a ripe old age
go to great lengths to do sth.
date back to
play a critical role in
serve as...
五、教材佳句会运用
1．最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。(make＋it＋adj.＋to do)
Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
2．然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理地使用它的问题。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
make it possible to prevent
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace,
3．到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的一个不同部位。(独立主格)
Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a different part of the body.
4．例如，有几种不同的理论试图解释针刺疗法如何缓解疼痛，但至今仍然莫衷一是。(there be句型；现在分词短语作定语)
For example, there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain, but no agreement has been reached.
each linked to
there are different theories trying to explain how it eases
pain,
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Recently, the police have arrested a great many people related (联系)to drug abuse.
2．Before we pass a proposal, we always have it debated (讨论)for several times at the meeting.
3．He switched (转变)from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.

B
基础检测
related
debated
switched
4．Having abused (滥用)his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends，he is now under investigation.
5．It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured only by examination (考试)results.
abused
examination
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Mary made adjustments (adjust)in time，overcame all difficulties and ultimately turned to writing love stories.
2．These chemicals (chemical)come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
3．Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled (disable)customers may ride for half the regular fare.
4．(2025·全国二卷)However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity (identify)．
5．If you do that again, you will be severely (severe)punished.
adjustments
chemicals
disabled
identity
severely
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The coastal countries should wrestle with the nuclear waste water rather than simply pouring it into the sea.
2．Students have put their computers in place for tomorrow's exam.
3．It's without doubt that our new marketing strategy has been a significant factor in the company's success.
4．People have different opinions about the school prohibiting students from bringing mobile phones to class.
5．At the entrance of the college, there are two trees dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
date back to; put...in place; prohibit...from; without doubt; wrestle with
wrestle with
put
in place
without doubt
prohibiting
from
dating back to
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1．这种情况使得他完全不可能展现出他的优势。(make＋it＋adj.＋to do)
The situation made it absolutely impossible for him to show his strengths．
2．随着社会的快速发展，我们发现和朋友聚会的时间变少了。(as引导时间状语从句)
As the society develops rapidly, we find less time to gather with our friends.
made it absolutely impossible for him to show his
strengths
As the society develops rapidly,
3．小学生们正沿着乡间小路散步，每个人都戴着一顶小红帽。(独立主格)
The schoolchildren are walking along the country road, each wearing a small red cap.
each wearing
课时作业
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课时作业37
课时作业38
课时作业37
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分)
A
(2025·湖北武汉适应性检测)
There are many therapies that can help a stroke patient recover.Anitha Thomas, Lead Occupational Therapist at Bupa Care Services, shares some fun games for stroke patients.
After a stroke, some people can have trouble with their thinking, reasoning, awareness, and memory.This can change how a person communicates, moves，and thinks.
While there is currently no cure for stroke, there are many treatments and therapies that can help patients recover and regain their independence.For people who have experienced strokes, playing games can be an important part of rehabilitation (康复)．
Games can help to reduce stress and anxiety and provide a much-needed sense of normality and fun during a challenging time.
Puzzles
Puzzles are a wonderful way to improve cognitive function and problem-solving skills.There are many different types of puzzles such as trying to complete a jigsaw and card matching.The latter is a great visual memory game that helps with visual scanning and mental recall.
Board games
Classic board games are a great way to improve social interaction and problem-solving skills.There are many different types of board games available, each with its own unique set of challenges and benefits.For example, four in a row is a great game for challenging dexterity, gross and fine motor skills, while also requiring players who face cognitive decline to use tactics like anticipatory skills, logic, and strategic thinking.
Card games
Everyone usually has a deck of playing cards, and these are a terrific way to improve cognitive function and hand-eye coordination.There are many different types of card games available, so you can find one that is appropriate for the individual's skill level.
Word games
Word games are a wonderful way to improve memory and language skills.Creating small letter tiles to make up words helps motor skills along with retaining the different letters and putting them together to make a word, improving cognitive skills.
Keep up with the top stories by subscribing to our weekly magazine.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一些有助于中风患者康复的游戏。
1．Who are the target readers of this article？(　　)
A.Families who have family members with cancer.
B．Hospitals whose patients suffer from stroke.
C．Scientists who study the mental illness.
D．Doctors who are curing the patients of memory loss.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段和第三段的内容并结合下文介绍的有助于中风患者康复的游戏可知，本文的目标读者应该是有中风病人的医院。故选B。
B
2．What do these games have in common？(　　)
A.Cognitive skills.
B．Hand-eye coordination.
C．Problem-solving skills.
D．Strategic thinking.
A
解析：细节理解题。根据Puzzles部分第一句“Puzzles are a wonderful way to improve cognitive function and problem－solving skills.”、Board games部分最后一句“For example, four in a row is a great game for challenging dexterity, gross and fine motor skills, while also requiring players who face cognitive decline to use tactics like anticipatory skills, logic, and strategic thinking.”、Card games部分第一句“Everyone usually has a deck of playing cards, and these are a terrific way to improve cognitive function and hand－eye coordination.”及Word games部分最后一句“Creating small letter tiles to make up words helps motor skills along with retaining the different letters and putting them together to make a word, improving cognitive skills.”可知，这些游戏的共同之处在于可以提高认知技能。故选A。
3．How can you find more information？(　　)
A．By searching on the Internet.
B．By buying the magazine.
C．By writing a letter to the magazine.
D．By clicking the web page.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Keep up with the top stories by subscribing to our weekly magazine.”可知，可以通过购买该杂志了解更多信息。故选B。
B
B
(2025·浙江鄞州中学等十二校联考)
For over twenty years, fried chicken had been my absolutely favorite food.I would have it at least three times a week, whether it was from a fast-food joint, a local diner, or even homemade.I planned my outings around places that served delicious fried chicken.There were times when I tried to cut back on it, especially when I started to gain some weight, but I always ended up giving in to my cravings within a few days.
This year, a series of events changed my relationship with fried chicken forever.I began experiencing frequent stomachaches and indigestion.Doctors couldn't directly link these problems to fried chicken, but I noticed that every time I ate it, my discomfort worsened.Additionally, I started to realize that the once-mouth-watering smell and taste now left a heavy, greasy feeling in my mouth that I couldn't ignore.One evening, after finishing a large bucket of fried chicken, I felt so sick that I couldn't sleep well all night.That was the turning point.I decided that enough was enough, after two decades of indulgence.
Why was it so hard to let go before Is there really something addictive in fried chicken While there's no official “fried chicken addiction” listed in medical books, experts point out factors that could contribute to its allure．Dr Johnson from a nutrition research center mentions two main elements: the high-fat content and the combination of spices.The high-fat content triggers the release of endorphins in the brain, making us feel good, while the unique blend of spices stimulates our taste buds, making us want more.
Now, I'm on Day 35 of my “fried-chicken-free” journey.The first week was tough.I had strong cravings and even felt a bit down at times, almost like going through mild withdrawal.But as the days passed, I started to feel better.My stomach problems became less frequent, and I even noticed that I had more energy.I'm really proud of myself for breaking this long-standing habit.If I can overcome my love for fried chicken, I believe I can overcome any other challenging habit in my life.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者对炸鸡的长期喜爱及最终因健康问题放弃食用炸鸡的经历。
4．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph？(　　)
A．Fried chicken was only a casual part of the author's diet.
B．The author never worried about the health risks of eating fried chicken.
C．The author had a deep and long-lasting love for fried chicken.
D．The author successfully reduced the intake of fried chicken several times.
C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“For over twenty years, fried chicken had been my absolutely favorite food… but I always ended up giving in to my cravings within a few days.”可知，作者二十多年来每周至少吃三次炸鸡，围绕有炸鸡的地方安排出行，虽尝试减少却总会放弃。由此可推断出，作者对炸鸡有着深厚且长久的喜爱，炸鸡是其生活中重要的一部分。故选C。
5．What led the author to give up fried chicken？(　　)
A．A doctor's strict order.
B．Health problems and an unpleasant feeling after eating.
C．A newfound dislike for the smell of chicken.
D．A friend's advice on a healthier diet.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“I began experiencing frequent stomachaches and indigestion…That was the turning point.”可知，作者出现胃痛、消化不良等健康问题，且吃完炸鸡后会感觉不适，同时还觉得炸鸡口感变差，这些因素促使作者放弃炸鸡。故选B。
B
6．What does the underlined word “allure” in paragraph 3 probably mean？(　　)
A．Harm. B．Cost.
C．Waste. D．Attraction.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段“Why was it so hard to let go before Is there really something addictive in fried chicken While there's no official ‘fried chicken addiction’ listed in medical books, experts point out factors that could contribute to its allure．”可知，专家指出炸鸡中某些因素会导致人们对其上瘾，所以“allure”的意思是“吸引力”，与“attraction”意思相近。故选D。
D
7．How does the author feel about giving up fried chicken？(　　)
A．Regretful. B．Confused.
C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“I'm really proud of myself for breaking this long-standing habit.If I can overcome my love for fried chicken, I believe I can overcome any other challenging habit in my life.”可知，作者对自己放弃炸鸡感到满意。故选C。
C
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
(2025·福建漳州模拟预测)
A young scientist from Annandale, Virginia, has secured the title of “America's Top Young Scientist” for his groundbreaking creation—a bar of soap designed to fight skin cancer.
At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele __1__ as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, __2__ among nine other finalists with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). In __4__ of his achievement, this ninth-grade boy is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25,000.
In Bekele's own words, “Curing cancer, one bar of __5__ at a time.” His __6__ for biology and technology was the driving force behind this clever creation, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge __7__ him with the perfect platform to showcase his __8__ ideas.
Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele __9__ that his childhood played a significant role in __10__ his innovative thinking. Having __11__ people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but __12__ how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure.
“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview.__13__， Bekele's creation obtained the __14__ of Food and Drug Administration.
Over the coming five years, Bekele __15__ to perfect his invention and establish a non-profit organization dedicated to distributing his innovative creation to under-served communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Heman Bekele凭创新发明“皮肤癌治疗肥皂”获美国顶尖青年科学家称号，并计划完善发明以帮助更多人。
At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele __1__ as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, __2__ among nine other finalists with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS).
1．(　　)A.led B．competed
C．emerged D．acted
解析：句意：年仅14岁的Heman Bekele成为2023年3M青年科学家挑战赛的获胜者……A.led带领；B.competed 竞争；C.emerged出现；D.acted担任。根据下文“as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge”以及语境可知，此处指以获胜者身份脱颖而出。故选C项。
答案分析
C
At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele __1__ as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, __2__ among nine other finalists with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS).
2．(　　)A.standing out B．pulling off
C．getting through D．picking up
解析：句意：……在其他九名决赛选手中，他凭借名为皮肤癌治疗肥皂的创新发明脱颖而出。A.standing out脱颖而出；B.pulling off成功完成；C.getting through通过；D.picking up捡起。根据下文“with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS)”以及语境可知，此处指他的发明让他在决赛中脱颖而出。故选A项。
A
At just 14 years old，Heman Bekele __1__ as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge, __2__ among nine other finalists with his innovative __3__ known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS).
3．(　　)A.tool B．device
C．idea D．creation
解析：句意同上。A.tool工具；B.device设备；C.idea想法；D.creation发明。根据上文“groundbreaking creation”可知，此处指他凭借发明脱颖而出，creation是原词复现。故选D项。
D
In __4__ of his achievement, this ninth-grade boy is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25，000.
4．(　　)A.search B．recognition
C．favour D．memory
解析：句意：为表彰他的成就，这个九年级的男孩将获得25 000美元的丰厚现金奖励。in search of寻找； in recognition of表彰； in favour of支持； in memory of纪念。根据下文“achievement”和“a substantial cash award of $25，000”可知，此处表示表彰他的成就。故选B项。
B
In Bekele's own words, “Curing cancer, one bar of __5__ at a time.”
5．(　　)A.iron B．soap
C．chocolate D．cheese
解析：句意：用Bekele自己的话说：“一次用一块肥皂治愈癌症。”A.iron熨斗；B.soap肥皂；C.chocolate巧克力；D.cheese奶酪。根据首段“a bar of soap designed to fight skin cancer”可知，此处指他发明的肥皂，soap是原词复现。故选B项。
B
His __6__ for biology and technology was the driving force behind this clever creation, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge __7__ him with the perfect platform to showcase his __8__ ideas.
6．(　　)A.passion B．respect
C．taste D．desire
解析：句意：他对生物学和技术的热情是这个巧妙发明背后的驱动力。A.passion热情；B.respect尊重；C.taste品味；D.desire欲望。根据下文“the driving force behind this clever creation”可知，此处指是热情驱动他发明。故选A项。
A
His __6__ for biology and technology was the driving force behind this clever creation, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge __7__ him with the perfect platform to showcase his __8__ ideas.
7．(　　)A.stuffed B．charged
C．filled D．provided
解析：句意：3M青年科学家挑战赛为他提供了展示其原创想法的完美平台。A.stuffed塞满；B.charged控告；C.filled充满；D.provided提供。根据下文“him with the perfect platform”可知，此处指挑战赛给他提供了展示机会。故选D项。
D
His __6__ for biology and technology was the driving force behind this clever creation, and the 3M Young Scientist Challenge __7__ him with the perfect platform to showcase his __8__ ideas.
8．(　　)A.new B．crazy
C．original D．basic
解析：句意同上。A.new新的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.original原创的；D.basic基本的。根据上文“this clever creation”以及语境可知，此处指Heman Bekele用自己原创的想法创造出这块肥皂。故选C项。
C
Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele __9__ that his childhood played a significant role in __10__ his innovative thinking.
9．(　　)A.shared B．proved
C．denied D．hoped
解析：句意：回顾自己的灵感来源， Bekele分享说，他的童年在塑造他的创新思维方面发挥了重要作用。A.shared分享；B.proved证明；C.denied否认；D.hoped希望。根据上文“Reflecting on his inspiration”以及语境可知，此处指他在分享自己的经历。故选A项。
A
Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele __9__ that his childhood played a significant role in __10__ his innovative thinking.
10．(　　)A.breaking B．finding
C．shaping D．changing
解析：句意同上。A.breaking打破；B.finding找到；C.shaping塑造；D.changing改变。根据下文“Having __11__ people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but __12__ how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure.”可知，是童年的经历塑造了他的想法。故选C项。
C
Having __11__ people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but __12__ how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure.
11．(　　)A.witnessed B．appreciated
C．remembered D．helped
解析：句意：看到人们在阳光下不知疲倦地工作，他不禁想知道有多少人意识到长时间日晒的风险。A.witnessed目睹；B.appreciated欣赏；C.remembered记得；D.helped帮助。根据下文“people work tirelessly under the sun”以及语境可知，此处指他目睹了这一情景，从而促使他想要改变这一切。故选A项。
A
Having __11__ people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but __12__ how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure.
12．(　　)A.confirm B．wonder
C．guess D．realize
解析：句意同上。A.confirm确认；B.wonder想知道；C.guess猜测；D.realize意识到。根据下文“how many were aware of the risks associated with prolonged sun exposure”以及语境可知，此处指他想知道有多少人意识到长时间日晒的风险。故选B项。
B
“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview.__13__， Bekele's creation obtained the __14__ of Food and Drug Administration.
13．(　　)A.Gradually B．Ultimately
C．Directly D．Suddenly
解析：句意：最终， Bekele的发明获得了美国食品药品监督管理局的批准。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Ultimately最终；C.Directly直接地；D.Suddenly突然地。根据下文“Bekele's creation obtained the __14__ of Food and Drug Administration”可知，这是发明推进的最终结果。故选B项。
B
“I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience，” Bekele expressed during an interview.__13__， Bekele's creation obtained the __14__ of Food and Drug Administration.
14．(　　)A.qualification B．requirement
C．procedure D．approval
解析：句意同上。A.qualification资格；B.requirement要求；C.procedure程序；D.approval批准。根据“Food and Drug Administration”以及常识可知，发明需获得官方批准。故选D项。
D
Over the coming five years, Bekele __15__ to perfect his invention and establish a non-profit organization dedicated to distributing his innovative creation to under-served communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer.
15．(　　)A.affords B．agrees
C．intends D．offers
解析：句意：在接下来的五年里，Bekele打算完善他的发明，并成立一个非营利组织，致力于将他的创新成果分发给服务不足的社区，为抗击皮肤癌提供希望和切实可行的解决方案。A.affords负担得起；B.agrees同意；C.intends打算；D.offers提供。根据上文“Over the coming five years”可知，这是他对未来的打算。故选C项。
C
课时作业38
(总分：32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
(2026· 河北衡水摸底)
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered that pupil (瞳孔)size continuously changes during sleep, reflecting shifts in brain activity.This breakthrough could aid in identifying sleep disorders and brain conditions like Alzheimer's.
Led by Sarah Meissner and Nicole Wenderoth, the research team challenged the long-held belief that the brain remains in a low-activation state during sleep.Their study, published in Nature Communications, reveals frequent changes in pupil size—from rapid shifts within seconds to gradual changes over minutes.These variations correlate with activation levels in brain regions adjusting sleep－wake cycles.
To measure pupil dynamics, scientists developed a novel method: keeping sleepers' eyes open using a medical-grade transparent glue.“We worried people couldn't sleep with open eyes, but in darkness, most forgot their eyes were open，” explained lead author Manuel Carro Dominguez.The team tracked pupil changes alongside brainwave patterns, finding connections to important sleep processes like memory－boosting brain waves and deep-sleep waves.
Interestingly, pupils also responded to sounds differently depending on brain activation levels at the moment.Future studies will test whether the locus coeruleus—a tiny area in the brain that controls awakening—directly drives these pupil changes. Researchers plan to apply drugs targeting this area to observe effects on pupil dynamics.“If proven, it could explain how activation levels influence sleep quality and functions，” said neuroscientist Caroline Lustenberger.
This discovery holds promise for medical applications.Pupil monitoring might help doctors find sleep problems, stress-related conditions, or early signs of memory loss by detecting abnormal brain activity.The team aims to adapt the technology for hospital use, such as tracking unconscious patients' brain activity or improving sleep disorder assessments.“The pupil acts like a window into the sleeping brain，” Lustenberger noted, suggesting it could innovate upon both neuroscience and sleep medicine.
By transforming a simple eye observation into a brain activity detector, this research bridges fundamental science and practical healthcare solutions.As next-generation devices make pupil tracking more accessible, sleep labs worldwide may soon adopt this approach to unlock deeper insights into the mysteries of the sleeping mind.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了苏黎世联邦理工学院研究发现睡眠时瞳孔大小变化反映大脑活动，这一发现挑战传统认知，有望助力诊断睡眠障碍等，应用前景广阔。
1．What common idea about sleep does the ETH Zurich research question？(　　)
A．That brain activity shifts with sleep cycles.
B．That sleep involves reduced brain activity.
C．That pupil size only changes when awake.
D．That brain remains inactive during the night.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Led by Sarah Meissner and Nicole Wenderoth, the research team challenged the long－held belief that the brain remains in a low－activation state during sleep.”可知，该研究挑战了睡眠会导致大脑活动减弱这一观点。故选B。
B
2．How did the researchers conduct their study？(　　)
A．By comparing sleepers' various brain waves.
B．By using a glue to keep sleepers' eyes closed.
C.By linking the pupil changes to the brain function.
D．By recording the state of sleepers' pupils and brain.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The team tracked pupil changes alongside brainwave patterns, finding connections to important sleep processes like memory－boosting brain waves and deep－sleep waves.”可知，研究人员通过记录被测试者的瞳孔和大脑的状态进行这项研究。故选D。
D
3．Why might pupil monitoring be important in medicine？(　　)
A．It can cure sleep disorders.
B．It can prevent memory loss.
C．It may transform healthcare.
D．It may increase brain activity.
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“This discovery holds promise for medical applications…Lustenberger noted, suggesting it could innovate upon both neuroscience and sleep medicine.”可知，在医学领域中对瞳孔的监测会很重要是因为它可能会改变医疗行业。故选C。
C
4．What is the author's attitude toward the research？(　　)
A．Optimistic and forward-looking.
B．Mindful and reserved.
C．Enthusiastic and groundbreaking.
D．Critical and doubtful.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“By transforming a simple eye observation into a brain activity detector…sleep labs worldwide may soon adopt this approach to unlock deeper insights into the mysteries of the sleeping mind.”可知，最后一段指出该研究连接基础科学与实际医疗解决方案，且下一代设备将让瞳孔追踪更便捷，这体现了作者对该研究的乐观态度和前瞻性。故选A。
A
B
(2026·陕西西安摸底)
Fears that smartphones, tablets and other devices could drive dementia (痴呆)in later life have been challenged by research that found lower rates of cognitive decline in older people who used the technology.It is unclear whether the technology staves off mental decline, or whether people with better cognitive skills simply use them more, but the scientists say the findings question the claim that screen time drives “digital dementia”．“For the first generation that was exposed to digital tools, their use is associated with better cognitive functioning，” said Dr Jared Benge, a clinical neuropsychologist at UT Health Austin's Comprehensive Memory Center.
Benge and his colleague Dr Michael Scullin, a cognitive neuroscientist at Baylor University in Texas, analysed 57 published studies that examined the use of digital technology in 411，430 adults around the world.The average age was 69 years old and all had a cognitive test or diagnosis.The scientists found that using a computer, the Internet or some combination of these was associated with a lower risk of cognitive damage.
More work is needed to explain the findings, but the researchers suspect a two-way relationship underlies the results.In this scenario, people with better thinking skills are more likely to use digital devices, but there are also cognitive benefits from embracing the technology.Benge pointed out digital tools could help people engage in complex activities and boost their social connections, both of which appeared to be good for the ageing brain.The technology also allowed people to compensate for cognitive decline and function more easily, he added.
The pros and cons of smartphones and other devices on the ageing brain depended on how they were used.“Using digital devices in the way that we use televisions—passive and inactive, both physically and mentally—is not likely to be beneficial，” said Scullin.“But our computers and smartphones also can be mentally stimulating, afford social connections, and provide compensation for cognitive abilities that are declining with ageing.These latter types of uses have long been regarded as beneficial for cognitive ageing.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究表明使用数字技术可能与老年人认知功能下降风险降低相关，并分析了原因及使用方式的影响。
5．What does the underlined phrase “staves off” mean in paragraph l？(　　)
A．Advances. B．Postpones.
C．Enables. D．Includes.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“Fears that smartphones, tablets and other devices could drive dementia (痴呆)in later life…but the scientists say the findings question the claim that screen time drives ‘digital dementia’．”可知，这里探讨使用数字技术是否能延缓智力衰退，故“staves off”的意思是“阻止，延缓”，与“postpones”同义。故选B。
B
6．What is the conclusion of the document research？(　　)
A．Using digital tools may reduce cognitive harm.
B.Digital dementia is conclusively proved by data.
C.Electronic products generate high cognitive risks.
D.Seniors benefit more from the digital technology.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The scientists found that using a computer, the Internet or some combination of these was associated with a lower risk of cognitive damage.”可知，使用数字工具可能会减少认知伤害。故选A。
A
7．How do digital devices assist the elder？(　　)
A．By enhancing their thinking skills.
B．By exciting their bodily reactions.
C．By improving their social bonds.
D．By providing psychological aids.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Benge pointed out digital tools could help people engage in complex activities and boost their social connections, both of which appeared to be good for the ageing brain.”可知，数字设备通过改善老年人的社交关系来帮助他们。故选C。
C
8．What may Scullin advise doing？(　　)
A．Engaging in e-shopping regularly.
B．Controlling the use of smartphones.
C．Watching movies without moving.
D．Making wise use of digital tools.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The pros and cons of smartphones and other devices on the ageing brain depended on how they were used…These latter types of uses have long been regarded as beneficial for cognitive ageing.”可知，Scullin建议要明智地使用数字工具。故选D。
D
Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2025·山西大同教学质量监测)
How to Protect Your Eyes
While Staring at a Screen All Day
In today's digital world, prolonged screen exposure can cause eye problems like dryness and blurred vision. 1(____)Here are useful tips to protect your eyes and feel better during long work or study hours.
2(____)Looking at a screen for too long makes eye muscles tired.Experts suggest the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.However, longer breaks are better for your eyes' health.Recent research indicates that taking a 5-minute break each hour might be even better to relax your eyes completely.
Blink more and use eye drops preventively.When you focus on a screen, you blink less, which dries out your eyes.Blinking more often helps keep your eyes wet and comfortable.Using preservative-free (不含防腐剂的)eye drops every few hours can also help. 3(____)
Adjust your screen settings properly.Position your screen about an arm's length away and slightly below eye level. 4(____)Additionally, increasing text size and adjusting brightness can significantly reduce eye strain.
Protecting your eyes requires consistent effort, but small changes to your daily routine can make a big difference. 5(____)Regular eye check-ups are essential for maintaining good vision.If symptoms persist, consult an eye care professional.
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几条保护眼睛、缓解眼疲劳的实用建议。
In today's digital world, prolonged screen exposure can cause eye problems like dryness and blurred vision. 1(____)Here are useful tips to protect your eyes and feel better during long work or study hours.
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
答案分析
F
解析：根据上文“In today's digital world, prolonged screen exposure can cause eye problems like dryness and blurred vision.”可知，长时间看屏幕会引发眼部问题，空处需转折并引出预防方法，F选项“However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.(然而，许多人并不知道如何预防这些问题。)”符合语境，其中“these issues”呼应前文“eye problems”。故选F。
2(____)Looking at a screen for too long makes eye muscles tired.Experts suggest the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.However, longer breaks are better for your eyes' health.Recent research indicates that taking a 5-minute break each hour might be even better to relax your eyes completely.
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
A
解析：根据下文“Looking at a screen for too long makes eye muscles tired.Experts suggest the 20/20/20 rule… However, longer breaks are better for your eyes' health.”可知，本段围绕看屏幕时要定时休息展开，A选项“Take regular visual breaks.(定时让眼睛休息)”概括段落主旨，符合语境。故选A。
Blink more and use eye drops preventively.When you focus on a screen, you blink less, which dries out your eyes.Blinking more often helps keep your eyes wet and comfortable.Using preservative-free (不含防腐剂的)eye drops every few hours can also help. 3(____)
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
D
解析：根据上文“Using preservative－free (不含防腐剂的)eye drops every few hours can also help.”可知，使用眼药水缓解眼干，空处应说明使用方法，D选项“Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.(在眼睛感到干涩之前就滴，而不仅仅是在疼痛的时候。)”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
Adjust your screen settings properly.Position your screen about an arm's length away and slightly below eye level. 4(____)Additionally, increasing text size and adjusting brightness can significantly reduce eye strain.
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
C
解析：上文“Position your screen about an arm's length away and slightly below eye level.”讲述屏幕摆放位置，空处需强调其重要性，C选项“Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.(确保你的屏幕处于正确的位置很重要。)”与前文内容呼应，符合语境。故选C。
Protecting your eyes requires consistent effort, but small changes to your daily routine can make a big difference. 5(____)Regular eye check-ups are essential for maintaining good vision.If symptoms persist, consult an eye care professional.
A．Take regular visual breaks.
B．This helps your eyes relax and the muscles rest.
C．Making sure your screen is in the right place is important.
D．Put them in before your eyes feel dry, not just when they hurt.
E．By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.
F．However, many people are unaware of how to prevent these issues.
G．Recent studies prove that screen use directly causes permanent vision damage.
E
解析：上文“Protecting your eyes requires consistent effort, but small changes to your daily routine can make a big difference.”强调保护眼睛需坚持和小改变的重要性，空处需说明遵循建议的效果，E选项“By following these tips, you can reduce eye strain from screens.(通过遵循这些建议，你可以减少屏幕带来的眼疲劳。)”符合语境。故选E。

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