资源简介

一、教学基本信息
二、教学目标
核心素养目标
1.语言能力：掌握现在完成时中for与since的用法差异，熟练运用现在完成时描述持续的动作与状态，能完成句子改写、语篇填空与话题访谈交流。
2.思维品质：通过辨析for与since的用法逻辑，提升时间逻辑判断与语法运用的精准性，结合志愿服务话题形成对经历时长的条理化梳理与表达。
3.学习能力：掌握现在完成时for与since用法辨析技巧，提升自主完成语法练习、小组访谈与信息分享的能力，养成归纳语法规则的习惯。
4.文化意识：了解中外志愿服务活动的常见形式，感受公益精神与社会责任感的跨文化共识，培养乐于助人、回馈社会的意识。
三、教学重难点
（一）教学重点
1.掌握for（接时间段）与since（接时间点）的用法差异，熟练运用现在完成时描述持续动作。
2.能用目标语法开展小组访谈与信息分享。
（二）教学难点
1.在真实语境中精准区分for与since，避免时态与介词混用。
2.结合访谈话题，用现在完成时清晰、有条理地分享个人经历时长，完成课堂交流与展示。
四、教学方法
1.情境教学法：创设志愿服务经历交流、时长分享的真实语境，让学生在语境中感知、理解与运用语法。
2.任务型教学法：设计“语法呈现→观察归纳→专项练习→句型转换→语篇填空→访谈展示”层层递进的学习任务。
3.对比归纳法：通过对比for/since、延续性动词/非延续性动词、have been to/gone to/in，帮助学生梳理规则、强化理解。
4.讲授法：针对语法规则、易错点、同义转换进行精准讲解。
五、教学准备
1.多媒体课件：语法讲解视频、for/since规则表、动词转换表、练习题、访谈支架。
2.学习任务单：4a句子辨析、4b填空、4c短文填空、4d访谈提纲。
3.分组准备：将学生分为2-4人小组，明确小组讨论和话题分享的分工。
六、教学过程
（一）导入新课
1.视频导入：播放Get Grammar!语法讲解短视频，快速激活学生对现在完成时的已有知识，学习for/since的用法。
2.语境提问：呈现三组志愿服务对话，引导学生观察时间表达：
I have been a volunteer for two years.
I have been a volunteer since last year.
She has worked here since she came to this city.
3.引出主题：明确本节课核心内容——学习for/since用法、延续性动词、现在完成时的持续用法，并在志愿服务话题中准确表达时长与经历。
（二）语法讲解
1. Presentation：
（1）4a感知结构：学生阅读句子，总结规律：for+一段时间；since+时间点/从句
Have you been to our animal shelter before No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.
Has she ever done volunteer work Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.
How long have you been a volunteer I have been a volunteer here for a few months.
How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.
（2）现在完成时（2）
①现在完成时的用法
表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用，如“for +时间段”“since+时间点”，时间点可以是具体的时间、一般过去时的句子，也可以是“一段时间+ago”。
I have been a volunteer for two years. 我做志愿者已经两年了。
I have been a volunteer since 2024. 自从 2024 年起我就当了志愿者。
He has lived here since he was ten. 他从十岁起就住在这里。
She has worked here since three years ago. 三年前开始她就在这里工作了。
注意：for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
He has taught English for 5 years. = He has taught English since five years ago. 他教英语五年了。
对for与since引导的时间状语提问要用 how long。
—How long have you stayed here ——你在这里待多久了？
—For three weeks. / Since last month. ——三周了。/ 从上个月开始就待在这了。
②句中谓语动词的特点
与表示延续的时间状语连用的谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的短语。
I have been a volunteer for two years. 我做志愿者两年了。
I have known Rose since two years ago. 我认识罗斯两年了。
③延续性动词与非延续性动词
a. 含义：延续性动词表示能够持续的动作，强调经过、经历，可以与表示延续的时间状语连用。非延续性动词表示不能持续的动作，强调行为的结果，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。但在否定结构中，可用非延续性动词的现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。
They have waited here since an hour ago. 他们在这儿等一小时了。
I have left home for three days. ×
I have been away from home for three days. √
I haven’t left here for a week. 我一周都没离开这儿了。
b. 用法
常见的延续性动词有：learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示延续的时间状语连用，如“for +时间段”“since +时间点”。
He has kept this storybook for half a month. 这本故事书他已经借了半个月。
常见的非延续性动词有：open, die, close, begin, finish, arrive, leave, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如 two years ago，at 5 o’clock等。
Our class meeting began at half past two. 我们的班会两点半开始。
c. 部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）
非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组）
become be finish be over
borrow keep open be open
buy have close be closed
leave be away from lose be lost
fall asleep be asleep die be dead
make friends be friends begin/start be on
join be a member of / be in turn on/off be on/off
come/go/arrive be in/at marry/get married be married
put on wear fall ill be ill
2. Practice：
（1）4b练习：用动词正确形式填空，教师核对并讲解：
This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She have taught (teach) English to the soldiers for three years.
I have been (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends since I joined the organization.
Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer for two years now. Since he started working there, he has helped (help) many students.
The organization has trained (train) over 6,000 volunteers since it began to offer classes three years ago.
（2）配对How long问句与答句，核对答案并讲解：
How long have you lived in this city → I’ve lived here for 12 years.
How long has your brother studied abroad → He has studied there for 4 years.
How long has he been a volunteer → He has volunteered since last year.
How long has she kept the pet dog → She has kept it for two years.
How long have they studied art → They have studied it for five years.
（3）完成现在完成时的句型转换，掌握句型转换的答题步骤与技巧，形成“看标志→判时态→变语序→验格式”的解题策略。
The Whites have lived in the city for about twenty years.（对画线部分提问）
How long have the Whites lived in the city
The meeting has been over for half an hour.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
— Has the meeting been over for half an hour
— Yes, it has.
Peter and Julie have been married for two years.（改为同义句）
Peter and Julie have been married since two years ago.
My pet cat died last year.（用since last year改写句子）
My pet cat has been dead since last year.
（4）4c练习：快速通读短文，完成语篇填空，巩固现在完成时与for / since。
I love being a volunteer! I have worked (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I have helped (help) out at over ten different sports events. I have made (make) many new friends and I have even met (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I met (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium was (be) so big that they got (get) lost. I gave them directions and they smiled (smile) and thanked (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer.
3. Production：4d小组访谈与展示
（1）两人一组运用以下表格句型采访小组成员，轮流问答并记录。
How long have you known your best friend / ... had your favourite toy / ... lived in your neighbourhood / ...
（2）小组分享：邀请2-3组汇报，教师从语法准确性、表达流畅度、发音语调方面点评并给予鼓励。
—How long have you known your best friend
—I have known my best friend for five years.
—How long have you had your favourite toy
—I have had my favourite toy for six months.
—How long have you lived in your neighbourhood
—I have lived in this neighbourhood since 2023.
（三）语言点精讲
1. Have you been to our animal shelter before 你以前去过我们的动物收容所吗？
辨析have/has been to, have/has gone to与have/has been in
2. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum 他在博物馆做志愿者多久了？
辨析work as, work on与work for
（四）即时练习
1.用for或者since填空
Linda has been a doctor in UN Peacekeeping Forces for five years.
I have been a member of the Red Cross for six years.
I’ve made a lot of friends since I joined the organization.
Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer for two years now.
Since he started working there, he has helped many students.
The organization has trained over 6,000 elderly people since it began to offer classes in 2023.
I have worked with a sports organization for almost three years now.
Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events.
2.用have been to, have been in和have gone to的适当形式填空
—I thought I saw you at the museum yesterday.
—No, it wasn’t me. I have never been there.
The students have gone to the nature reserve alone and will return before dinner.
The Green family have gone to Canada. They won’t be back until next month.
Tom knows the city very well because he has been in this city for over ten years.
We have been in the mountain village for two weeks, and it’s time to head home.
My parents have been to Beijing twice. They love the historic sites there very much.
Lucy has never been to Xi’an. She plans to visit the Terracotta Army this summer holiday.
（五）课堂小结与作业
1.课堂小结：师生共同回顾本节课核心内容：
for + 时间段；since + 时间点/从句；
延续性动词与非延续性动词转换表；
How long 问答句型；
现在完成时表持续用法。
2.作业布置：
整理本节课语法笔记，熟记转换表。用How long编写3组完整对话。
七、板书设计
Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A (4a-4d)
1. for vs. since
for + 时间段；since + 时间点 / 从句
2. 非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）
非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组）
become be finish be over
borrow keep open be open
buy have close be closed
leave be away from lose be lost
fall asleep be asleep die be dead
make friends be friends begin/start be on
join be a member of / be in turn on/off be on/off
come/go/arrive be in/at marry/get married be married
put on wear fall ill be ill
3. 词汇辨析
have been to：去过某地（已回来）
have gone to：去了某地（未回）
have been in：待在某地（接时间段）
work as：从事……工作
work on：从事某项工作等，专注于某事
work for：为某人/某组织工作，受雇于……
八、教学反思
1.本节课通过语法呈现、阶梯练习、语篇填空与访谈展示，扎实落实现在完成时for / since教学，学生基本能掌握用法并完成练习，但延续性动词转换仍易出错，需加强对表记忆与重复训练。
2.for / since区分在简单句中掌握较好，但在语篇与口语表达中仍有混淆，后续需增加更多语境化、生活化、情景化练习。
3.小组访谈活动有效将语法运用于真实交流，学生参与度高，但部分学生表达不够流利，需提供更多句型支架与示范。
4.本节课紧扣志愿服务主题，在语法教学中自然渗透公益、责任、关爱与奉献意识，实现语言学习与育人目标统一。

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