译林版(2019)必修 第一册 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 知识清单

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译林版(2019)必修 第一册 Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 知识清单

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Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good
一、 单词表分类(分类学记,更高效)
写作词汇(20)
1. skip vt. 不做(应做的事情等);跳过
vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走;略过(P43)
She skips over hard parts when reading health books. 她读健康书籍时会略过难懂的部分。
2. *faint vi. 昏厥
adj. 昏眩的;微弱的;可能性不大的(P44)
The girl fainted because of hunger and extreme pressure. 这个女孩因饥饿和巨大压力晕倒了。
We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road. 他们沿路走远时我们听见他们的说话声逐渐模糊。
3. slim vi. 变苗条,减肥
        adj. 苗条的;微薄的,小的 (P45)
You can still eat breakfast when you are slimming. 你减肥也可以吃早饭嘛!
She has a slim figure. 她身材苗条。
4. concerned adj. 担心的,忧虑的;关注的,关切的 (P45)
Parents are concerned about teens' mental pressure a lot. 父母十分担心青少年的心理压力问题。
5. prove linking v. 后来被发现是
vt. 证明,证实(P45)
Regular exercise proves (to be) the best medicine for stress. 规律的运动被证明是治疗压力最好的药物。
He proved himself to be capable of overcoming anxiety. 他证明自己有能力克服焦虑。
6. diet n. 日常饮食;节食
vi. 节食,进行规定饮食 (P45)
The doctor advised him to go on a diet to lose weight. 医生建议他控制饮食来减肥。
She's always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight. 她总是在节食,但体重好像并未减少。
7. nutrition n. 营养(P45)
This food provides rich nutrition for growing teenagers. 这种食物为发育期的青少年提供丰富营养。
8. function vi. 起作用,正常工作,运转
n. 作用,功能,职能(P45)
The sofa can also function as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床用。
Sleep plays an important function in teen mental health. 睡眠在青少年心理健康中起重要作用。
9. within prep. 在(某段时间)之内;在(某段距离、范围)之内;在……里(P47)
True health comes from within our heart and body. 真正的健康源于我们的身心内部。
10. rather adv. 相反,而是;相当;更准确地说(P47)
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去野营。
11. aspect n. 方面,层面(P47)
This book talks about the mental aspect of teen growth. 这本书讲述青少年成长的心理层面问题。
12. pressure n. 心理压力,紧张;压力;要求,催促 (P48)
We should learn to reduce pressure in our daily schedule. 我们要学会在日常安排中缓解自身压力。
13. attack n. 发作;攻击;抨击
vt. & vi. 攻击;侵袭;抨击 (P48)
His immune system was under attack by the virus. 他的免疫系统受到病毒的攻击。
Bad emotions can attack our mind and make us negative. 坏情绪会侵袭我们的内心,让我们变得消极。
14. schedule n. 日程安排,工作计划;时间表(P49)
Whatever difficulty we meet, we shall finish the work on schedule. 无论遇到什么困难,我们都要按时完成工作。
15. negative adj. 消极的,负面的;坏的,有害的;否定的(P49)
Don't be negative when facing study pressure in school. 在学校面对学习压力时,不要抱有消极心态。
16. surgery n. 外科手术(P50)
She had to have emergency surgery because of a sudden heart attack. 由于突发心脏病,她不得不接受紧急手术。
17. campus n. (大学、学院的)校园,校区(P50)
We can do exercise to reduce pressure on the campus.我们可以在校园里做运动来缓解压力。
18. saying n. 格言,谚语,警句(P53)
I remember a saying about nutrition and daily diet. 我记得一句关于营养和日常饮食的谚语。
19. external adj. 外来的,外在的;外面的,外部的(P54)
We shouldn't care only about external beauty but also about health. 我们不应该只关心外在美,还应该关注健康。
20. individuality n. 个性,个人特征 (P54)
Social media makes it hard for young people to keep their individuality. 社交媒体让年轻人很难保持个性。
阅读词汇(14)
1. yogurt n. 酸奶(P43)
2. sex n. 性别(P45)
3. amount n. 数量(P49)
4. plastic adj. 可塑的;塑料的
n. 塑料(P50)
5. guy n. 小伙子,家伙(P50)
6. jeans n. 牛仔裤(P53)
7. male adj. 男性的;雄性的
n. 男性,雄性(P53)
8. female adj. 女性的;雌性的
n. 女性,雌性 (P53)
9. shadow n. 阴影,影子;昏暗处,阴暗处(P53)
10. digital adj. 数码的,数字的 (P53)
11. series n.(pl. series) 一系列,连续(P53)
12. piano n. 钢琴(P54)
13. content n. 内容;目录 (P54)
14. app n. 应用程序,应用软件(application 的缩写)(P55)
?词形转换(16)
1. immediately adv. 立即,马上conj. 一……就(P44)→immediate adj. 立即的,立刻的;目前的,当前的,迫切的;接近的,附近的,紧接的
2. concentrate vi. & vt. 集中(注意力、思想等);全神贯注(P45)→concentration n. 专心,专注;关注,重视;集中,聚集
I can't concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳,我无法集中精神专注于学习。
3. extreme adj. 极端的;严重的n. 极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)(P45)→extremely adv. 极其,极端,非常
4. effect n. 效果,作用;影响(P45)→effective adj. 有效的;生效的(P45)
A lack of vitamin D has long been known to have an effect on bones. 人们早就知道缺乏维生素D会对骨骼造成影响。 The new law will not take effect as planned. 新的法律不会像计划的那样生效。 The new law is said to have come into effect from April. 据说新法律从四月起已经开始生效。
5. slightly adv. 稍微,略微(P45)→slight adj. 轻微的,略微的;细小的,纤细的,瘦小的;无须重视的,不足道的
6. energetic adj. 精力充沛的, 充满活力的(P45)→energy n. 精力,活力,干劲;力量;能源
7. frightened adj. 害怕的,惊吓的,受惊的(P47)→fright n. 惊吓,恐怖;使人惊吓的经历,恐怖的经历→frighten vt. & vi. 使惊吓,使惊恐→frightening adj. 引起恐惧的,使惊恐的,骇人的
She is frightened of gaining weight and skips meals. 她害怕发胖,所以不吃饭。
8. contribute vi. & vt. 是……的原因之一;捐赠,捐献;增加,添加(P48)→contribution n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠(P11)→contributor n. 撰稿人,投稿人;捐款者,捐赠者,作出贡献者;促成物
He had very little to contribute to the conversation. 他在这次谈话中几乎什么也没说。
9. memory n. 记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆(P48)→memorize vt. 记忆,记住→memorial n. 纪念碑;纪念物,纪念品 adj. 纪念的,悼念的
10. treatment n. 治疗;对待,待遇;处理(P50)→treat vt. 对待;把……看作;处理;招待;治疗n. 乐事,乐趣;款待
11. addition n. 增加,添加;加法(P50)→add vt. 增加,加添;补充说,继续说→additional adj. 附加的,额外的,外加的→additionally adv. 此外,另外
12. beauty n. 美,美丽;美人,美好的东西(P53)→beautiful adj. 美丽的,美好的;出色的,巧妙的→beautify vt. 美化,使更美丽
13. fashion n. 时尚,时兴;流行款式(P53)→fashionable adj. 流行的,时兴的,时髦的
14. strength n. 优势;力气,力量;实力(P54)→strong adj. 强壮的;强的,强劲的;强烈的,深刻的→strengthen vt. & vi. 加强,增强,巩固
It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again. 可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
15. talent n. 天资,天赋;人才,天才(P54)→talented adj. 有才能的,有才干的,天才的
She is proud that both her children have a talent for music. 她为自己的两个孩子都有音乐天赋而自豪。
16. achievement n. 成就,成绩;达到,完成(P54)→achieve vt. & vi. 达到;完成;成功
合成词(1)
per cent n. 百分之……(P45)
表内短语(16)
1. pass out 昏迷,失去知觉(P44)
2. slim down 变苗条,减肥(P45)
3. side effect 副作用(P45)
4. take in 摄入,吸收(P45)
5. get into shape 强身健体(P45)
6. contribute to促成,造成(P48)
7. in the short/long term 从短期/长期看(P48)
8. plastic surgery 整形手术;整形外科(P50)
9. in addition 此外(P50)
10. hang over 使忧心忡忡,担心可能发生(P53)
11. guard against防范,防止,提防 (P53)
12. fight a losing battle 打一场无望取胜的仗(P53)
13. live up to达到,符合,不辜负(P53)
14. end up 最终成为,最终处于(P53)
15. show off显示,展示;炫耀,卖弄 (P53)
16. take pride in 为……自豪,为……骄傲(P54)
二、 单元短语汇总(输入助力输出)
话题短语分类(137)
(一) 健康生活方式的养成
1. a healthy lifestyle(P43) 健康的生活方式
2. play sport(P43) 进行体育锻炼
3. have a healthy balanced diet(P45) 拥有健康、均衡的饮食
4. keep regular hours(P45) 作息有规律
5. stay energetic and fit(P45) 保持精力旺盛、身体健康
6. follow these lifestyle tips(P45) 遵循这些生活方式小贴士
7. eat a balanced diet(P47) 均衡饮食
8. an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle(P47)健康生活方式的一个重要方面
9. get a good night's rest(P48) 好好休息一个晚上
10. eat a healthy diet(P55) 健康饮食
11. do physical exercise regularly(P55)有规律地进行体育锻炼
12. avoid bad habits(P55) 避免坏习惯
(二) 不良生活习惯及危害
1. lose weight(P43) 减肥
2. skip breakfast(P43) 不吃早饭
3. stay up(P43) 熬夜
4. skip meals(P44) 不吃饭
5. miss breakfast(P44) 不吃早饭
6. unhealthy weight loss habits(P45) 不健康的减肥习惯
7. turn to extreme methods(P45) 采取极端手段
8. one in ten over exercise(P45) 十分之一的人运动过量
9. take weight loss medicine(P45) 吃减肥药
10. so called “quick fix methods”(P45) 所谓的“速效法”
11. be harmful to …(P45) 对……有害
12. at increased risk of(P48) 增加了……风险
13. be dangerous for(P48) 对……危险
(三) 饮食与体重问题相关
1. dangerously low blood sugar levels(P44) 危险的低血糖值
2. struggle with eating problems(P44) 与饮食问题作斗争
3. reach one's target weight(P44) 达到某人的目标体重
(四) 睡眠问题与健康养护
1. wake up(P47) 醒来;唤醒,弄醒
2. fall asleep(P48) 入睡
3. have a poor memory(P48) 记忆力差
4. suffer a heart attack(P48) 有心脏病
5. poor quality sleep(P49) 质量差的睡眠
6. go past one's stop(P49) 坐过站
7. the amount of quality sleep(P49) 优质睡眠时长
8. set the body's “clock”(P49) 建立生物钟
9. feel like a lie in(P49) 想要睡懒觉
10. sleep soundly(P49) 酣睡,睡得好
11. stay awake(P49) 醒着,睡不着
12. World Sleep Day(P49) 世界睡眠日
(五) 身心健康问题与突发状况
1. feel unwell(P44) 感觉不舒服
2. be rushed to hospital(P44) 被迅速送往医院
3. out of danger(P44) 脱离危险
4. make a full recovery(P44) 完全康复
5. in hospital(P46) 住院
6. burn marks(P50) 烧伤/烫伤痕迹
7. burnt skin(P50) 烧/烫伤的皮肤
8. a horrible campus fire(P50) 一场可怕的校园火灾
9. suffer from daily pain(P50) 遭受日常的疼痛/痛苦
10. be unlikely to(P50) 不可能
11. take painkillers(P50) 吃止痛药
12. be unable to(P50) 不能
(六) 心理压力与情绪调节
1. pressure from school or work(P48) 来自学业或工作的压力
2. slow down(P48) 减速,减缓
3. make some changes(P48) 做出一些改变
4. clear one's head of stress and worry(P49) 消除某人头脑中的压力和担心
5. under a lot of pressure(P49) 在巨大的压力下
6. return to a normal life(P50) 回归正常生活
7. take one's mind off sth(P54) 忘掉某事
(七) 外貌审美与自我认同
1. the best possible version of oneself on the inside and out(P43) 从内到外最好的自己
2. physical appearance(P43) 外貌,外表
3. don't judge a book by its cover(P53) 不要以貌取人
4. standards of beauty(P53) 审美标准
5. copy the looks of one's favourite stars(P53) 模仿某人最喜爱的明星的样子
6. follow popular beauty standards blindly(P54) 盲目效仿流行的审美标准
7. feel comfortable in one's own skin(P54) 对某人自己的处境感到满意
8. focus on one's strengths(P54) 关注某人的优势,专注某人的优点
9. build one's confidence(P54) 建立某人的自信
10. on the outside(P54) 外表上;在外面
11. on the inside(P54) 内心里;在里面
12. see the good things about oneself(P54) 看到自己的优点
(八) 外界影响与人际交往问题
1. noise pollution(P48) 噪声污染
2. light pollution(P48) 光污染
3. laugh at(P53) 嘲笑
4. behind one's back(P53) 在某人背后,背地里
5. have a big influence on …(P53) 对……有大的影响
6. have a great fashion sense(P53) 有很强的时尚感
7. live in one's shadow(P53) 生活在某人的光环或盛名下(显得逊色)
8. the digital age(P53) 数字时代
9. post a never ending series of photos online(P53) 无休止地在网上发布一系列照片
pare … to(P53) 把……比作;与……相比
11. have a negative effect on …(P53) 对……有消极影响
12. these external influences(P54) 这些外部影响
(九) 健康关注与科学建议
1. growing concern about …(P44) 对……越来越担心
2. a reminder of …(P45) ……的提醒者
3. be seen as(P45) 被看作
4. health experts(P45) 健康专家
5. be concerned about …(P45) 对……担心/关心
6. increase one's efforts(P45) 加把劲,加倍努力
7. warn sb against …(P45) 告诫某人提防……
8. give tips on …(P49) 对……提建议
(十) 学习表达与写作配套短语
1. complete the chart(P46) 完成图表
2. more detailed information(P46) 更详细的信息
3. supporting information(P46) 支持性信息
4. start with a lead(P46) 以导语开头
5. go on to do sth(P46) 继续做另一件事
6. go on doing sth(P46) 继续做原来的事
7. a news report headline(P46) 一篇新闻报道的标题
8. make a list(P46) 列出清单
9. use as few words as possible(P47) 用尽可能少的词汇
10. in more formal English(P48) 用更正式的英语
11. be replaced by …(P48) 被……代替
12. write an argument essay(P52) 写一篇议论文
13. in the opening/closing paragraph(P52) 在起始/结束段
14. design an app(P55) 设计一个应用程序
15. the target users(P55) 目标用户
(十一) 观点表达与态度选择
1. the night before(P44) 前一天晚上
2. in a day or two(P44) 一两天后
3. what's more(P45) 更为重要的是,更有甚者
4. from now on(P47) 从现在起
5. every other day(P47) 每隔一天
6. even though(P49) 即使,虽然
7. be for(P52) 支持
8. be against(P52) 反对
9. voice one's opinion(P52) 说出某人的观点
10. in general(P52) 一般来说
11. on the whole(P52) 大体上,总的说来
12. to be honest(P52) 老实说
13. first of all(P54) 首先
14. have a positive attitude towards …(P55) 对……有积极的态度
(十二) 行为动作与结果感受
1. see sb back at school(P44) 看到某人回到学校
2. concentrate in class(P45) 上课专心(听讲)
3. keep sb from doing sth(P49) 防止/阻止某人做某事
4. go off(P49) 爆炸;离开;中断,熄灭;突然发出巨响
5. work on(P50) 从事;设法说服;努力改善(或完成)
6. a great success(P50) 大获成功
7. be caught in(P50) 陷在……之中
8. live with(P50) 忍受;与……同处/生活
9. be pleased with …(P50) 对……满意
10. make certain facial expressions(P50) 做出某些面部表情
11. turn out well(P50) 结果很好
12. regret doing sth(P50) 后悔做过某事
13. out of reach(P54) 够不着
14. forget about(P54) 忘记,忘却
15. keep in mind(P54) 记住,记在心中
16. direct one's attention away from …(P54) 把某人的注意力从……转移
17. play a ball game(P54) 打球
核心动词短语助记
go(12)
向前/开始 go ahead 先走;进行;开始做 向前移动,开始行动
go off 爆炸;离开;中断,熄灭;突然发出巨响 (突然地) 离开原有状态(如安静、正常)
go out 出去;熄灭 从内向外移动; 火/光“离开”存在状态
向后/检查 go over 仔细检查;反复研究 (为检查) 在内容上“从头到尾移动一遍”
go through 经历,经受;检查;查阅 (彻底地) 穿越某个过程或全部内容
向上/向下 go up 上涨,上升;被兴建 向上移动(价格、数量、建筑)
go down 下沉;下降 向下移动
反对/经过 go against 违反;反抗(或反对)某人(或某事) 移动方向与规则/利益“相反、对抗”
go by流逝,过去;遵循 时间或事物从旁“移动过去”;“按……路线移动”→遵循
追求/其 他状态 go after 追求,谋求;追赶 朝着目标“移动追赶”
go in for 参加考试;对……有兴趣 “移动进入”某个活动或爱好领域
go without 没有……也行;勉强凑合 在“缺少”的状态下继续移动/生活
live(6)
依靠…… 生活 live on 继续活着;靠……为生;以……为食 生存“依靠”在某物之上(金钱、食物)
live off 靠……过活;依赖……生活 生活来源“从……获取”,即依赖某物或某人供养
live by 按照/靠……生活 生活“遵循”某种原则、方式或职业
经历与 共存 live through 经历……而幸存 “活着穿越”某段艰难时期
live with 与……一起生活;忍受/容忍 和某人/某状况“共同生活”在一起
达到标准 live up to 达到,符合,不辜负 生活表现“向上达到”某个期望或标准
三、 精选句型(学用结合助仿写)
★核心句型
1. In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.(P45) (where引导定语从句;不定式短语做目的状语)
2. She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well.(P45) (that引导宾语从句;since引导原因状语从句)
3. In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack.(P48) (of+三个并列的动名词短语)
4. She has been to several hospitals and all the doctors say that the pain is unlikely to stop any time soon.(P50) (that引导宾语从句)
5. In addition, Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions.(P50) (and连接两个并列的宾语从句,做says的宾语,前一个that可省,后一个不可省)
6. Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang over you all the time like a rain cloud.(P53) (采用明喻的写作手法,将负面想法比作雨云,语言形象生动)
7. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.(P53) (what引导宾语从句)
8. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle—these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to.(P53) (who引导定语从句;现在进行时)
9. They will only end up feeling worse about themselves.(P53) (end up doing结构)
10. If you have friends who are good looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow.(P53) (If引导条件状语从句;who引导定语从句;feel like后接省略引导词的宾语从句)
11. Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.(P54) (动名词短语做主语)
12. You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside.(P54) (what引导宾语从句;省略结构作对比)
佳句赏析
1. Jennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes.(P45) (名词短语a reminder of … ……的提醒)
2. According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over exercise and four per cent even take weight loss medicine.(P45) (According to a recent survey of常用句型,说明“调查”结果)
3. They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.(P45)(increase their efforts 加大努力)
4. These so called “quick fix methods” prove to be harmful to teenagers.(P45)(so called所谓的)
5. “Don't judge a book by its cover,” the old saying goes.(P53) (谚语)
6. First of all, be careful not to follow popular beauty standards blindly.(P54)(First of all首先;副词blindly 盲目地)
7. Keep in mind that your family and friends love you just the way you are.(P54)(Keep in mind that 记住)
四、 语法指南(构建体系明规则)
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句(Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs)
定语从句也可以由关系副词(relative adverbs)when、where、why引导,关系副词在定语从句中做状语。主要用法如下:
1. 关系副词 when 引导的定语从句修饰 time、moment、day、month、year、period 等表示时间的先行词。
He enjoyed the 10 years when he worked in Suzhou.
2. 关系副词 where 引导的定语从句修饰 place、house、city、country、world 等表示地点的先行词。
That's the theatre where we often go and watch plays.
3. 关系副词 why 引导的定语从句修饰 reason 等表示原因的先行词。
Do you know the reason why he was absent from the meeting yesterday
4. 在正式场合,关系副词 where、when、why 可以用“介词+which”代替。
The workshop is the place where/in which they do experiments.
I will always remember the day when/on which I came here.
This is the reason why/for which he came to your office that day.

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