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状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句之后时，一般不用逗号。
1. 时间状语从句
引导连词有when, whenever, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, as soon as。
The bus won't start until everybody gets on. 公共汽车直到每人都上车才开动。
When he knocked at the door I was cooking. 当他敲门时，我正在煮饭。
Last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours.
昨天晚上在他回到家之前，他的妻子已经做好晚饭足足等了他两个小时。
（1）when：既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段，从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。
When I got home, my mother was cooking. 我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。
When she lived in the countryside, she often went fishing. 当她住在乡下时，她经常去钓鱼。
（2）while：引导的时间状语从句表示正在发生某事的同时，另一件事发生了或正在发生。多用进行时态，主句时态视情况而定。
While my sister was doing homework, I was listening to English. 妹妹写作业时，我在听英语。
She fell asleep while watching TV. 她看电视的时候睡着了。
（3）as：引导时间状语从句时，谓语动词是延续性动词；表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生。
As we walked, we talked about the English exam. 我们边走边聊这次英语考试。
As the days go by, our English improves little by little. 日子一天天过去，我们的英语慢慢进步。
（4）before：表示在某个动作或时间之前发生。
We had better finish our work before we leave. 我们最好在离开之前完成工作。
（5）after：表示在某个动作或时间之后发生。
After he finished his homework, he went out to play. 他完成作业后，出去玩了。
（6）since：引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。即...have done... since sb. did...“自从某人做了……一直……”；It is + 一段时间 + since sb. did...“(自从) 做某事有……(多久)”。
Since I came to this school, I have made many friends. 自从我来到这所学校，我交了很多朋友。
（7）until/till：
①主句为肯定句：谓语动词必须是延续性动词（stay, wait, work, study, keep, be, sleep, read 等），表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。
She studied English until it was ten o'clock last night. 她昨晚学英语学到十点。
②主句为否定句：谓语动词是非延续性动词（start, begin, come, go, leave, arrive, open, close, finish 等），常用句式 not... until...“直到……才……”，否定词可用never/nothing替代 not，表达相同含义。
He waited until/till his mother came back. 他一直等到妈妈回来。
He didn't leave until/till his mother came back. 直到妈妈回来他才离开。
（8）as soon as：引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。
I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就会告诉他这个消息。
2. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where，wherever引导。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Where there is a life, there is a hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.
不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都会在此守候你。
（1）where：表示在某个具体的地点。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
I found my lost keys where I played yesterday. 我在昨天玩耍的地方找到了丢失的钥匙。
（2）wherever：强调无论在什么地方，具有让步的含义。
Wherever you go, you should remember your hometown. 无论你走到哪里，都应该记住你的家乡。
3. 原因状语从句
引导连词有because，as，since，now that。
He didn't see the film because he had seen it. 他没有看那部电影，因为他已经看过了。
（1）because：引导原因状语从句时，表示直接的原因或理由，用于回答why，语气最强。
He didn't come to school because he was ill. 他没来上学是因为他生病了。
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school. 正是因为他生病了，他才没来上学。
（2）since：引导原因状语从句时，表示对方已知的、无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。
Since everyone is here, let's start the meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。
（3）as：引导原因状语从句时，表示附带说明的双方已知的原因，语气比since弱，较正式，位置较灵活，常放于主句之前。
As it is raining, we have to stay at home. 由于在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。
（4）now that：与since意思相近，也表示“既然”，强调一种新情况。
Now that you have grown up, you should be independent. 既然你已经长大了，你应该独立了。
4. 目的状语从句
引导连词有so that，in order that，in case。
He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus. 他必须早起，以便能赶上第一辆公共汽车。
（1）so that：引导的从句中常含有may, can, must, will等情态动词。
He gets up early so that he can catch the first bus. 他早起以便能赶上第一班公交车。
They studied hard so that they could pass the exam. 他们学习很努力，为了能通过考试。
They started early so that they caught the early bus. 他们起得很早，结果赶上了早班车。
（2）in order that：与so that意思相近，但更正式，同样从句中常有情态动词。
She studies hard in order that she may get good grades. 她努力学习为了能取得好成绩。
（3）in case：表示“以防；万一”，从句中一般不用情态动词。
Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。
5. 结果状语从句
引导连词有that，so...that...，such...that...。
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it. 这个盒子如此沉，以致我无法抬起来。
（1）so...that...：so后接形容词或副词。
He is so tall that he can reach the apples on the tree. 他如此高以至于能够到树上的苹果。
He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him. 他跑得如此快以至于我追不上他。
（2）such...that...：such后接名词（名词前可以有形容词修饰）。
It is such a beautiful day that we want to go out for a picnic. 天气如此好以至于我们想去野餐。
They are such interesting books that we all like them. 这些书如此有趣以至于我们都喜欢它们。
注意：当名词前有many、much、few、little（少）等词修饰时，要用 so...that... 结构。
There are so many students in the hall that we can’t find a seat.
大厅里有如此多的学生，以至于我们找不到座位。
6. 让步状语从句
引导连词有though/although, as, even if/though, no matter wh-。
Although he is young, he knows a lot of things. 虽然他年龄小，但认识许多事物。
Even though you don't like him, you still have to be polite. 即使你不喜欢他，你仍然要有礼貌。
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。
（1）although/though：引导让步状语从句时，两者通常可以互换使用。可与yet或still连用，不可与but连用。
Although/Though he is young, he knows a lot about English grammar.
尽管他年纪小，但他懂很多英语语法。
（2）even though/even if：引导的让步状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。
Even though/even if he is very busy, he always helps me with my English.
尽管他很忙，还是总帮我学英语。
Even if he had time, he wouldn’t go to the party. 即使他当时有时间，也不会去参加派对。
（3）“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”在引导让步状语从句时可以互换。
Whoever/No matter who you are, you must follow the rules.
无论你是谁，都必须遵守规则。
Whichever book you choose, you will enjoy it. 无论你选哪本书，你都会喜欢它。
Whenever you come, you are welcome. 无论你什么时候来，都欢迎。
Wherever you are, I will find you. 无论你在哪里，我都会找到你。
（4）as：引导让步状语从句时，从句中一般要用部分倒装结构，也就是将形容词、副词、名词或分词提到句首。如果作表语的是名词，该名词前不用冠词。
Child as he is, he can speak three languages. 尽管他是个孩子，却能说三种语言。
7. 比较状语从句。
引导连词有as...as...; than
Jim is older than Lucy (is). 吉姆比露西年长。
Skiing is more exciting than running. 滑雪比跑步更刺激。
（1）as...as...：中间用形容词或副词原级。
She is as tall as her sister. 她和她姐姐一样高。
He runs as fast as Tom. 他跑得和汤姆一样快。
（2）not as/so...as...：表示一方不如另一方。
This book is not as/so interesting as that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。
（3）than：用于两者比较，前面的形容词或副词要用比较级。
He is taller than his brother. 他比他弟弟高。
She runs faster than I do. 她跑得比我快。
8. 条件状语从句
引导连词有if, unless。
If you eat bad food, you may be ill. 如果你吃到坏了的食物，就会生病。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will have a sports meet. 如果明天不下雨，我们将举行运动会。
（1）if：引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时（主将从现原则）。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
（2）unless意为“如果不，除非”，相当于if... not...。
You will fail the exam unless you study hard. = You will fail the exam if you don’t study hard.
如果你不努力学习，就会考试不及格。
9. 方式状语从句
引导连词有as（像；按照）、as if/as though（好像；仿佛）。
（1）as：表示“按照；如同”。
Do as I told you. 按照我告诉你的做。
（2）as if/as though：引导的从句常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符的假设，但如果从句所描述的情况有可能发生，也可用陈述语气。
He talks as if/as though he knew everything. 他说起话来好像什么都知道。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。
1. because, since, as和for
（1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我没有去，因为我害怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
由于天气这么糟糕，我们不得不推迟我们的行程。
（2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for，for不能置于句首。
He is absent today, because /for he is ill. 他今天缺席了，因为他生病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定是生病了，因为他今天缺席了。
注意：because不能和so连用。
2. if, unless
（1）if引导的真实条件句一般遵循“主将从现”原则；而引导非真实条件句时则要遵循虚拟语气。
If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the meeting. 如果明天下雨，会议将会推迟。
（2）unless为if的否定形式，对等于if ... not。
Unless I study hard, I will fail in the exam. 除非我好好学习，否则我考试会失败。
=If I don’t study hard, I will fail in the exam. 如果我不努力学习，我考试就会失败。
3. such...that...与so...that...
（1）such...that...
① such+冠词+形容词+可数名词单数+that...
He is such a nice guy that we all like him. 他是一个如此好的人，以至于我们都喜欢他。
② such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that...
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 天气如此好，以至于他们都去游泳了。
（2）so...that...
① so+形容词/副词+that...
He is so nice that we all like him. 他非常好，以至于我们都喜欢他。
② so+形容词+冠词+可数名词单数+that...
He is so nice a guy that we all like him. 他是一个如此好的人，以至于我们都喜欢他。
③ so+many/ much/ few/ little+名词+that...
There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.
外面有如此多的噪音，以至于我们听不见老师（讲课）。
4. as, though, although
（1）although比though两者大致同义，可换用，只是although比though更为正式，此时不与 but连用，但可与yet, still等副词连用。
Though/ Although they’re expensive, people buy them. 虽然它们很昂贵，人们还是买。
（2）though 可用作副词，表示“然而”“不过”，通常用于句末。
She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. 她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。
（3）在as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，纵然）等固定短语中，不能用although 代替though。
（4）用作连词，表示“虽然”，as在引导让步状语从句时，要使用倒装；although引导让步状语从句使用正常语序；though 属于可倒装也可不倒装。
Try as I would, I could not make her change her mind.
不管我多努力，也不能让她改变主意。
Although she knows that diet pills are harmful, she is still taking them.
尽管她知道减肥药有害，但她仍然在继续服用。
5. 疑问词+ever 与 no matter+疑问词
（1）疑问词+ever 与 no matter+疑问词都可引导让步状语从句。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law. = Whoever you are, you must keep the law.
不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法
注意：疑问词+ever 可以引导名词性从句，而 no matter+疑问词不可以。
I’ll eat whatever you give me. 你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. 不管谁来都受到欢迎。
（2）固定用法：no matter how+adj./ adv.+主语+谓语+其它
no matter what + n. +主语+谓语+其它
No matter how difficult it is, we will try our best to achieve the goal.
无论多么困难，我们都会尽最大的努力实现目标。
No matter what season it is, this kind of flower is always beautiful.
不管在哪个季节，这种花都很漂亮。
1. because与so不能连用，although/though与but不能连用，一个句子只能留一个连词。
2. while从句谓语必须是延续性动词，不能用短暂动作（come/leave/buy）。
3. so...that、such...that区分：形容词无名词用so；带名词用such。
4. as soon as/if/unless遵循主将从现，从句不用将来时。
5. not...until翻译“直到…… 才”，容易直译错误；until前面肯定句译为“直到”。
6. unless=if...not，不可双重否定叠加。
1. 看前后句逻辑：原因→because/since；让步→although；条件→if/unless；时间→when/while/as soon as；结果→so... that/such... that；目的→so that
2. 检查连词禁忌：看到because划掉so，看到although划掉but
3. 遇到if/as soon as/unless：主句将来→从句锁定一般现在（主将从现）
4. 区分so/such：空格后是adj/adv选so；adj+名词选such

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