资源简介

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·湖南长沙一模)
Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates. Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this young girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills. These ground tremors (small earthquakes) are the world’s deadliest natural disasters. And they’re often unpredictable.
Earthquake early warning systems do exist. One is the ShakeAlert system on the U.S. West Coast. Earthquake monitoring stations in the ShakeAlert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake. But it’s hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place. And people closest to an earthquake’s source are out of luck. They’ll feel the shaking before they can get an alert.
Therefore, Vivien built an at-home earthquake sensor. Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts. To build it, Vivien bought a machine and watched many videos to learn how to use it. Then she went to work in a spare bathroom.
During nine months of testing, Vivien’s Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles. The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer (地震仪) in the Southern California Seismic Network.
Vivien is building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles. “I have eight devices in different homes,” she says. A widespread Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of ShakeAlert seismic stations. When one Qube starts to shake, it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake. But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive. About the size of a Rubik’s cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make. So, many more of them could be installed around a city.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Vivien He,一名高中生,鉴于地震频发的现状,发明了一种名为Qube的地震传感器设备,该设备体积小、成本低,更易于在城市中广泛应用。
(　　)1.What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little
A.She used to like playing hide and seek in school.
B.She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake.
C.She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill.
D.She showed no interest in studying natural disasters.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,Vivien He小时候经常处于经历地震的风险中。故选B。
(　　)2.Why does the author mention the ShakeAlert system
A.To prove the necessity of early earthquake monitoring stations.
B.To compare ShakeAlert with Vivien’s Qube in terms of accuracy.
C.To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection.
D.To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,作者提到ShakeAlert系统是为了展示现有地震预警系统的缺点。故选D。
(　　)3.What’s the main function of Vivien He’s device
A.Monitoring tremors and sending alarms.
B.Collecting data about minor earthquakes.
C.Predicting the centre of an earthquake.
D.Assessing the sizes of earthquakes.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Called the Qube, this device uses ... or sending text alerts.”可知,Vivien He的设备的主要功能是监测震动并发送警报。故选A。
(　　)4.What’s implied about the network of Qubes
A.It’s very challenging to build it.
B.It has limitations in large cities.
C.It can be easily applied at a low cost.
D.It just requires eight devices in each place.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知,Qube网络可以低成本地轻松应用。故选C。
B
(2025·广东高三一模)
Envision a futuristic rooftop garden so intelligent that it is capable of discerning the optimal moments to store water in anticipation of arid conditions, and when to expel water to avert inundation. Now, such intelligent roofs are transitioning from the realm of fantasy to reality in the Netherlands.
With a substantial portion of the nation situated below sea level, the Netherlands has long been acquainted with the perils of flooding. The advent(出现) of climate change has ushered in an era of more extreme meteorological phenomena, including torrential downpours and periods of drought, compelling the city of Amsterdam to contemplate novel strategies for self-preservation, and it is within this context that RESILIO (气候复原计划) emerges as a pivotal(关键性的) player.
As per the assertions on their official website, RESILIO is engaged in the construction of blue-green roofs across the expanse of Amsterdam. In conjunction with the local governmental authorities, from the years 2018 through to 2022, they have installed specialised roofing systems in the neighbourhoods of Amsterdam that are most vulnerable to the ravages of flood damage.
These roofs are composed of a multitude of strata. Paramount among these layers is the water retention layer. During episodes of copious rainfall, this layer serves to accumulate the rainwater that would otherwise inundate the streets, and in times of drought, it channels its stored water to nourish the garden situated on the uppermost layer. It is this particular layer that distinguishes the blue-green roofs from their conventional green counterparts. Research indicates that blue-green roofs possess the capacity to capture as much as 97% of extreme rainfall, in stark contrast to the mere 12% that regular green roofs can retain.
However, what truly sets RESILIO roofs apart is their sophisticated systems. An array of blue-green roofs are interconnected via a digital communication network, thereby enabling each roof to be manipulated independently, responding to the volume of water amassed on that specific roof as the situation demands. Each roof is also equipped with a valve(阀) that is linked to a computerised system known as the Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS interfaces with local weather prognostications to determine whether the valve on a particular roof should be opened, allowing water to be discharged in a controlled and gradual manner into the sewerage system, or whether it should remain sealed to collect the impending rain.
These innovations are the hallmarks that render RESILIO truly revolutionary. Blue-green roofs exemplify that the remedies to the hazards posed by climate change necessitate a blend of creativity and a multifaceted approach, operating on various levels to mitigate the adverse effects of our changing environment.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰阿姆斯特丹的RESILIO蓝绿屋顶系统是如何应对气候变化带来的洪水和干旱问题的。
(　　)5.What may directly lead to the building of RESILIO roofs in Amsterdam
A.The increasing disasters.
B.The city’s financial suffering.
C.The ever-rising sea level.
D.The city’s geographic advantage.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,建造RESILIO蓝绿屋顶的直接原因是日益增加的气象灾害。故选A。
(　　)6.What do we know about the water retention layer of RESILIO roofs
A.It is slow to drought.
B.It is absolutely perfect.
C.It serves a double purpose.
D.It can trap solar energy.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知,蓄水层具有双重功能。故选C。
(　　)7.What is the main function of the DSS according to the text
A.To collect weather information.
B.To control the use of the valve.
C.To help the sewer system work.
D.To connect the digital network.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,DSS的主要功能是控制阀门的使用。故选B。
(　　)8.What might be the best title for this passage
A.Smart Roof Systems Becoming a Reality in Auckland
B.RESILIO Blue-green Roof Systems Preventing Disasters
C.The Working Principle of the Blue-green Roof Systems
D.The Differences Between RESILIO Roofs and Regular Green Roofs
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据文章大意尤其是第一段可知,整篇文章都在介绍蓝绿屋顶系统是如何防止灾害的,并详细讨论了这种屋顶的结构、功能和创新之处;由此可知,B项“防止灾害的RESILIO蓝绿屋顶系统”最适合作为本文标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.读后续写(动物篇)
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·天域全国名校协作体10月联考)
Sweat dripped from Callie’s face as she helped her big brother Briggs load hay bales (捆) onto the machine. The machine made a loud noise while it carried the bales up to the hayloft (干草棚), where Callie’s dad piled them up.
All was quiet when Callie went inside to feed the horses. But as she filled the water bucket, she thought she heard a faint meow (猫叫声) from the hayloft. She climbed the steps to the loft and listened. The sound seemed to be coming from behind the bales. She ran to get her dad and Briggs. Briggs cocked his head, “It’s coming from outside”, he determined. “Just a bird in a tree.” Callie’s dad agreed. “Probably a mockingbird or a catbird,” he said. “How do you know for sure ” Callie said.
“I guess we’ve just got better ears than you,” Briggs joked. But Callie wasn’t convinced.
She checked the hayloft again after supper. “Are you stuck in there ” she said, pressing an ear to the bales. “Meow!” came a sad cry. Callie raced back to the house. “I heard it again, Dad! Will you please listen once more ” “It’s okay, Callie,” her dad said, comforting her,“I’ll go and take a look.”
A few minutes later, he poked his head into Callie’s room. “The only thing I heard out there was a mockingbird,” he said, “So you can stop worrying.” “OK, Dad,” Callie said. But she woke in the night thinking about what she’d heard. What if a kitten was trapped behind the bales She lay on her back, wondering what to do.
Finally, she changed into jeans and a sweatshirt, and then walked quietly into Briggs’s room. “I need your flashlight (手电筒),” she whispered. “Huh ” Briggs was confused. “I need it to find the kitten,” Callie explained,“I’ll be careful.” Briggs huffed, “You are so stubborn!” “You’re the best,” Callie said.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
She grabbed the flashlight and rushed to the hayloft.
Paragraph 2:
Thanks to Briggs’s help, the last heavy bale was moved, revealing a tiny, frightened kitten.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who Callie, Briggs, Callie’s dad 疑惑 委屈 坚定 喜悦
When During the day;at night
Where In the hayloft
What Callie and Briggs rescued a kitten which was trapped in the hayloft.
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:①But as she filled the water bucket, she thought she heard a faint meow (猫叫声) from the hayloft. ②“Just a bird in a tree.” Callie’s dad agreed. “Probably a mockingbird or a catbird,” he said. Clue: “I need your flashlight (手电筒),” she whispered.
Theme Persistence in kindness may lead to a heart-warming discovery.
预设问题定走向 Para.1 She grabbed the flashlight and rushed to the hayloft. Q1:What did Callie hear after returning to the hayloft Q2:What measures did Callie take Q3: What happened when Callie was helpless
Para.2 Thanks to Briggs’s help, the last heavy bale was moved, revealing a tiny, frightened kitten. Q1:How does the kitten look Q2:What did Callie do then Q3:How did Callie and Briggs feel after saving the kitten
　　One possible version:
She grabbed the flashlight and rushed to the hayloft. Her heart pounded as she quietly entered and aimed the flashlight towards the hayloft. Callie climbed up the steps and then crawled towards the hay bales to where she’ d heard the cry. “Are you in there ” she called. And there it was again—a faint, desperate meow behind the bales!Determined to find the source,she began to move the hay bales,which, however, were too heavy for her to lift. Just when she was at a loss, she heard her brother’s voice. “I’ll do it!” Briggs was already halfway up the ladder to offer help.
Thanks to Briggs’s help, the last heavy bale was moved, revealing a tiny, frightened kitten. Its fur was matted with hay, and it shivered as Callie carefully reached out to it. “It’s okay, little one. I’ve got you now,” she whispered, gently cradling the kitten in her arms. It looked up and purred, blinking its eyes at Callie. “I think she’s saying thank you.” Briggs remarked, “You’ve got better ears than me.” Callie let out a breath and grinned, “Thank you for helping me. You are always the best!” In the bright moonlight, the brother and sister walked home with their new friend, chatting and laughing,their hearts full of joy.
点津:1为as引导的时间状语从句;
2为形容词短语作状语;
3为which引导的非限制性定语从句;
4为现在分词作状语;
5为独立主格结构。UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS
以读促写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·湖南衡阳考前冲刺卷)
I am a multisport athlete and seasoned coach.When I was growing up,school wasn’t really my thing,but sport very much was.Athletics connected me to my school community by giving me a sense of belonging and success even when I struggled in the classroom.When I entered education,I knew I wanted to be more than a coach on the field and court—I wanted to help students like me make meaningful connections to school through sports.
I designed a programme that focused on getting students moving.On the first day,I set up a range of equipment for different sports across a field.In groups,students discussed sports that they felt comfortable and safe playing.They then took turns selecting their comfort sports on the field,doing brief introductions,and playing with their groups.Afterwards,we had a class discussion on the importance of doing things that bring joy and passion,and how sharing that passion with others motivates us and the people around us to improve health.
On the second day,with the same field design and sporting equipment,I introduced the idea of stretch zones.Students formed the same groups as on the first day and discussed which sports were out of their comfort zone and more challenging to them.Some of my students were shy and others slightly frustrated as they struggled to perform the skills in sports in which they were not comfortable.Then we discussed,as a class,how even when something is challenging,if we recognise the difficulty and intentionally practice,we give ourselves the opportunity to overcome it over time and keep healthy and fun in the long-term.
The programme required more than just adjusting my curriculum—it also meant some changes to the way I taught.I found myself opening up to my students and sharing my own hardships and successes with them.As a result,my students felt freer to be their real selves.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。为了让学生更好地融入校园生活,作者设计独特的体育项目,寓教于乐,促进学生健康成长。
(　　)1.What did the author think of sport when he was a student
A.It appealed mainly to seniors.
B.It led to a decline in his grades.
C.It helped him get attached to school.
D.It made him struggle in the classroom.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Athletics connected me to...I struggled in the classroom.”可知,在作者还是学生的时候,体育运动使他与学校建立了联系,给了他归属感和成功感。故选C。
(　　)2.Why did the author design the programme
A.To test some sports equipment.
B.To prepare students for a meet.
C.To push students to observe rules.
D.To bond students and the school.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者设计这个项目是为了通过体育运动让学生与学校建立有意义的联系,故选D。
(　　)3.What was a problem the author faced on the second day of the programme
A.Some students feared challenges.
B.It was difficult to group students.
C.Students wanted material rewards.
D.The sports field became crowded.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some of my students were shy...they were not comfortable.”可知,在项目的第二天,一些学生因为要参与不熟悉、有挑战的运动项目而表现出害羞和沮丧,说明存在的问题是一些学生害怕挑战,选故A。
(　　)4.What can we infer about the author
A.He loves telling jokes.
B.He is a creative teacher.
C.He used to be very shy.
D.He is fond of safe sports.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。作者设计了通过体育运动加强学生与学校联系的项目,并且在教学方式和课程内容上进行创新和调整,由此可以推断出作者是一位有创造力的老师,故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(时文 《China Daily》)
Many factors in our life can lead to anxiety and stress.Luckily,there are several simple ways of relieving stress.Most of these steps are responsible for the improvement of your overall health as well.1.　　　 Physical activity leads to a lowering of the overall stress levels and it also improves your quality of life both physically and mentally.
Any physical activity improves the capability of your body to use oxygen and it also leads to better blood flow.2.　　　 Exercise increases the production of endorphins (内啡肽) in the brain.The endorphins are responsible for the “feel good” effect you feel and they also provide you with the much-desired “runner’s high”.In simple terms,it is the sense of well-being people receive after performing the exercise.
3.　　　 How do you choose the best physical activity for your exercise There is no need for you to be an outstanding athlete or a long-distance runner to achieve stress relief.For instance, you can perform some aerobic exercise (有氧运动) such as jogging and dancing.4.　　　 Doctors can help you develop an effective and safe exercise routine while taking into account your fitness level and the conditions you are suffering from.
Keep in mind that any kind of exercise will improve your fitness and reduce stress levels.You can also combine the activities till you have found the most enjoyable one.If you do not enjoy going near the water,never take swimming as a form of exercise.If the thoughts of running result in making you anxious,do not choose to train for a 5-kilometre race.5.　　
A.Diet and exercise are proven equally important.
B.There are many ways to meet your exercise target.
C.One of the best strategies to reduce stress is exercise.
D.Both these things lead to a direct good effect on the brain.
E.Besides,it is also a good idea to consult your doctor for guidance.
F.It is necessary for you to make plans to form a healthy exercise habit.
G.Therefore,be sure to select an activity that you enjoy rather than fear.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了缓解压力的重要性以及通过体育活动来缓解压力的方法。
1.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空前内容可知,有些方法可以帮助改善我们的健康状况。C项是上文内容的自然延续,指出锻炼是减压的最佳策略之一。同时与下文内容“Physical activity leads...and mentally.”保持一致。故选C。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据设空处前一句的内容可知,任何体育活动都能提升身体利用氧气的能力,能促进血液流动。D项是上文内容的自然延续,指出提升身体利用氧气的能力和促进血液流动都对大脑有直接的好处。同时引出下文“Exercise increases the...‘runner’s high’.”,指出运动如何对大脑有好处。故选D。
3.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处后的“How do you choose...you are suffering from.”可知,下文谈论的是如何选择体育活动。B项与下文内容一致,自然引出下文对体育活动的选择。故选B。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处后一句的内容可知,我们可以向医生求助,以制订一个有效且安全的日常锻炼计划。E项与下文内容一致,指的是我们可以向医生咨询,从而制订一个有效安全的锻炼计划。故选E。
5.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据最后一段设空处前文内容可知,作者建议我们应该找到一项自己喜欢的运动。G项是上文内容的总结,指的是我们应该选择自己喜欢而不是害怕的运动。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(期刊 《国家地理》)
Doing morning exercises is a daily routine in every Chinese kindergarten and school.For the grown-ups,however,familiar schoolyards have already been replaced 1.　　　　 public parks.
The morning scenes in central parks around China are lively.At every corner of the park,you can also see people 2.　　　　(practise) many kinds of sports: square dancing,badminton and so on.
But the most eye-catching groups in the park are the so-called “Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies”, 3.　　　　 videos have gone viral on the Internet.Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started exercising after their 4.　　　　(retire).They say age is just a number when it comes to fitness.
The 5.　　　　(benefit) of exercise are endless:A healthier body together with a 6.　　　　 (happy) mood.No matter how old they are or when during the day they exercise,they will always strengthen the body.
Social connection is also what the elderly seek during their morning workout.Feng,who is seventy-two years old,plays Taijiquan 7.　　　　(serious) every day.He 8.　　　　 (keep) this exercise routine for six years and now he is managing an online group of over 200 members who share 9.　　　　 same hobby.
“What I like about this place is that newcomers are always welcome.Everyone in the park feels10.　　　　(include),” said Feng.It is like a chorus of life.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了中国公园里的晨练现象和晨练的好处。
1.【答案】 with/by　
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be replaced with/by意为“被……取代”。故填with/by。
2.【答案】 practising　
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。see sb doing sth 意为“看见某人正在做某事”,符合此处的用法及句意。故填practising。
3.【答案】 whose　
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies指人,关系词代替先行词在从句中作videos的定语,应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
4.【答案】 retirement　
【解析】 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,此处应填名词作介词after的宾语。故填retirement。
5.【答案】 benefits　
【解析】 考查名词复数。分析句子结构再结合空后的are可知,本空应用复数形式作主语。故填benefits。
6.【答案】 happier　
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。分析可知,此处与空前的A healthier body并列,应用比较级形式。故填happier。
7.【答案】 seriously　
【解析】 考查副词。分析可知,此处应用副词修饰动词plays。故填seriously。
8.【答案】 has kept/has been keeping　
【解析】 考查动词的时态。结合句意和时间状语for six years可知,句子时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在(且很有可能继续下去),且主语He为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has kept/has been keeping。
9.【答案】 the　
【解析】 考查冠词。结合空后的same可知,此处应填冠词the,the same意为“同样的”。故填the。
10.【答案】 included　
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词形式作表语。故填included。
1.focus on专注于;集中于
2.get sb moving使某人动起来
3.improve health改善健康
4.keep healthy and fun保持健康和有趣
5.long-term长期的;长远的
6.lead to导致;通向
7.effective and safe exercise routine有效且安全的日常锻炼
8.strengthen the body增强体质;强身健体
1.lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
2.work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
3.mental strength精神力量
4.never give up永不放弃
5.worry about担心;担忧
6.make a difference有作用或影响
7.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
8.be positive about 对……持积极态度
9.become both happier and healthier变得更快乐、更健康
1.我不仅增强了体质,而且对生活也变得更加积极。(not only倒装句)
Not only did I strengthen my body,but also I became more positive about life.
2.正是精神力量和永不放弃的态度对减重起着重要作用。(强调句)
It is the mental strength and the attitude of never giving up that make a difference in losing weight.
3.锻炼是一种有效且安全的身体活动形式,它可以帮助个人增强体质。(which引导定语从句)
Exercise,which is an effective and safe form of physical activity,can help individuals strengthen their bodies.
4.摒弃不健康的习惯对于变得更快乐、更健康至关重要。(it作形式主语)
It is essential to cut out unhealthy habits to become both happier and healthier.
你校正在举办以“课间慢跑有益健康”为主题的英语征文比赛,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.对慢跑的认识;
2.你的一次慢跑经历及感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Jogging During Breaks Benefits Me a Lot
　　One possible version:
Jogging During Breaks Benefits Me a Lot
　　Jogging is a long-term and effective form of exercise,which helps improve health and fitness level,and gets us moving.
I remember one time I jogged during the break.At first,I worried about being injured or not being able to keep up.But I never gave up.After a while,I found myself full of energy and my mental strength also improved.Not only did I strengthen my body,but also I became more positive about life.
Jogging during breaks can make a difference.It leads to a healthier body and helps us become both happier and healthier.Let’s focus on this healthy and fun activity!
点津:1为which引导的非限制性定语从句;
2为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构;
3为not only置于句首引起的倒装句。UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·江苏南通二模)
As the snow begins to melt away into a distant memory,be sure to head outdoors this spring.Before the peak summer crowds roll in,you can explore unique scenic spots without the overwhelming rush of tourists.Several destinations around the globe are especially notable for their breathtaking spring offerings.
Puebla
This city in central Mexico attracts visitors with its UNESCO-recognised historic structures. Spring marks the final few months of Puebla’s dry season and temperatures average around 21℃—just right for wandering through the city’s main square or admiring baroque architecture like Capilla del Rosario.
Machu Picchu
Spring is a time of transition (过渡) at Machu Picchu.Tourists looking for ideal weather can book a trip in May,the beginning of this Peruvian heritage site’s dry season.No matter when you visit,you’ll be glad you came as you set eyes on the 600-year-old Inca Citadel,one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Yellowstone National Park
As the snowfall starts to slow down,baby animals emerge in Yellowstone,making this national park an excellent place to spot wildlife in spring.Tourists can hike along the lower elevation (高度) trails that open in April and May,while those who love mammals can keep their eyes peeled for bears coming out of hibernation with their cubs.
Arches National Park
You’ll be perfectly comfortable while exploring the park’s 2,000 arches or biking along its scenic paved roads.If you’re willing to risk a cold front,you can avoid the crowds during a March trip.During the peak months of April and May,all park visitors will need a reservation to enter an easy trade-off for perfect weather and seeing desert blooms sprout.
【语篇导读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了适合春季游览的四个全球著名景点。
(　　)1.What is the advantage of travelling in spring
A.There are fewer crowds.
B.Tourists will feel more secure.
C.More tourist sites are available.
D.It’s fun to enjoy the last days of snow.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知,春天旅行的好处在于游客较少。故选A。
(　　)2.Which destination is suitable for animal lovers
A.Puebla.
B.Machu Picchu.
C.Yellowstone National Park.
D.Arches National Park.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Yellowstone National Park中的第一句可知,Yellowstone National Park适合动物爱好者。故选C。
(　　)3.What are visitors expected to do when visiting Arches National Park in April
A.Trade tickets for blooms.
B.Wear thick clothes.
C.Secure an entry reservation.
D.Cycle in cold weather.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Arches National Park中的最后一句可知,游客在四月参观Arches National Park时应该提前预订。故选C。
B
(2025·福建高三毕业班适应性考试)
By the middle of the last decade,I had been studying Indian butterflies for over 20 years. However,I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat.So,in 2015,I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies.
My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016,then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018.For these visits,I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion.I covered some of the well-known locations.
Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species.By trickling streams and wet areas,we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings,along with numerous Meadowblues,all part of the Blues family.In alpine meadows,countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about.More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow,and chase after it,only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away.Once,I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes, managing only a few photos before it disappeared.Another time,I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow.I spent half an hour chasing them,only for them to fly away each time.
Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation,I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers”—species I encountered for the very first time. These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the Journal of Threatened Taxa.
In addition to this,I partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh,with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity.This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region,while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶,并描述了作者追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。
(　　)4.Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh
A.To survey butterflies at high altitudes.
B.To search for butterfly habitats.
C.To carry out a travel schedule.
D.To recommend tourist attractions.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者决定去拉达克是为了在高海拔地区观察蝴蝶。故选A。
(　　)5.Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies
A.Challenging and fascinating.
B.Scary and exciting.
C.Embarrassing and amusing.
D.Dangerous and interesting.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly...only for them to fly away each time.”可知,追逐蝴蝶很费力,应是具有挑战性的;再根据第四段内容可知,作者第一次遇到了舞蝶物种,增加了宝贵知识,说明过程很有吸引力。综上可推知,作者追逐蝴蝶的过程是具有挑战性和吸引力的。故选A。
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet
A.To document insect species in India.
B.To encourage eco-aware exploration.
C.To promote local tourism in Ladakh.
D.To compare butterfly research findings.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,作者制作小册子的目的是鼓励生态探索。故选B。
(　　)7.What is the best title for the text
A.Uniqueness of Butterflies
B.A Fascinating Journey
C.Biodiversity in Ladakh
D.A Fluttering Discovery
【答案】 D
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其根据第二段第一句可知,本文主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶,并描述了作者追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。因此D项“一个翩翩飞舞的发现”最适合作为文章标题,故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the place that’s right for you
·Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,students, scholars,and alumni (校友).1.　　　.Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university,and by a desire to be part of a cultural community.Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum.Friends are art lovers—just like you.
·2.　　　
As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs.By joining the Friends,you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience,to enjoy,and to love.
·What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
3.　　　.When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition.Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum,but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded individuals. 4.　　　,and they get invitations to exhibition openings,lectures,travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings.
·How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy.5.　　　,return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.If you prefer,you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become-a-member,or when you visit the Museum Store.
A.Why does membership matter
B.How can I learn about the Friends
C.Simply complete the membership form
D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine
G.Friends are people of all ages,interests,abilities,and cultural backgrounds
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成、会员身份的重要性、成为会员的好处及加入方式,并鼓励公众参与。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 由上文“Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,students,scholars,and alumni (校友).”可知,上文介绍了大学艺术博物馆之友的成员构成,强调其成员身份的多样性。选项G能承接上文,进一步说明了成员身份的多样性,符合题意。故选G。
2.【答案】 A
【解析】 由下文“As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support...all visitors to experience,to enjoy,and to love.”可知,空处需要一个问句来引出会员身份的重要性。选项A提出了会员身份重要性的问题,符合题意。故选A。
3.【答案】 E
【解析】 该空是对“What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy ”这一问题的回答。下文“When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition...with other like-minded individuals.”进一步说明会员享有的各种好处。选项E与下文逻辑一致,概述会员可以拥有许多机会,符合题意。故选E。
4.【答案】 F
【解析】 由上文“Not only will you be actively participating in...share your love of art with other like-minded individuals.”及下文“and they get invitations to exhibition openings,lectures,travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings”可知,空处需要一个句子来列举会员所享有的好处。选项F具体提到了会员可以收到博物馆的季刊杂志,能承上启下,符合题意。故选F。
5.【答案】 C　
【解析】 由上文“How do I join the Friends ”及下文“return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately”可知,空处需要一个句子来介绍加入Friends的方式。选项C提出完成会员申请表,且C选项中的the membership form与下文的it相对应,符合题意。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·广东深圳二模)
For many,cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream.But for Li Shuangsheng and his son,Li Xuyao,it was 1.　　　　 36-day,2,298-kilometre journey of growth—crossing 14 mountains over 4,000 metres and 2.　　　　 (battle) altitude (海拔) sickness.This was the father’s special gift to his son’s 16th birthday.
Setting off 3.　　　　 Chongqing,they rode in a “father in front,son behind” formation, determined to bike up one mountain each day.One day,they 4.　　　　 (catch) in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain’s slopes (山坡).Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son.Ten minutes later,Li Xuyao appeared,5.　　　　 (cover) in mud.His bike,6.　　　　 chain had slipped off,caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground.
During the day,the mountain roads,burning sun,and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son.At night,they either sheltered with Tibetan families 7.　　　　 camped alone.Several times,the father jokingly suggested giving up,but Li Xuyao always replied 8.　　　　 (firm),“No way.I’ll do whatever it takes to get there.”
After wearing down six sets of brake pads (刹车片),they finally arrived in Lhasa.For Li Xuyao’s mother,it was a moment of 9.　　　　 (relieve) and pride.“I prayed for their safe return every night,” she said.“My son has grown into a 10.　　　　 (tough) and more mature young man.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对父子从重庆骑行至拉萨的故事,展现了坚持、成长与父爱的主题。
1.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查不定冠词。此处“36-day,2,298-kilometre”作为形容词修饰journey,表示“一段36天,2 298千米的旅程”,且36-day的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2.【答案】 battling
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。空处与前面的“crossing”并列,作伴随状语,表示“与高原反应斗争的成长之旅”。故填battling。
3.【答案】 from
【解析】 考查介词。固定短语set off from+地点,意为“从……出发”。故填from。
4.【答案】 were caught
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;主语与谓语构成被动关系,应用被动语态;句子主语是they。故填were caught。
5.【答案】 covered
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处Li Xuyao与cover构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式作状语。故填covered。
6.【答案】 whose
【解析】 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词His bike,且在从句中作定语。故填whose。
7.【答案】 or
【解析】 考查连词。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。
8.【答案】 firmly
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰动词replied应用副词形式。故填firmly。
9.【答案】 relief
【解析】 考查名词。介词of后应接名词,a moment of relief and pride意为“一个如释重负又充满自豪的时刻”。故填relief。
10.【答案】 tougher
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。and连接两个并列的成分,因此空处应与more mature一致,用形容词比较级。故填tougher。必修　第一册
WELCOME UNIT & UNIT 1　TEENAGE LIFE
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·山东德州一模)
In a growing number of schools,educators believe that having students take part by starting with practical problems is a great motivator.Project-based learning that freely crosses disciplines provides an education superior to the traditional “maths at age nine, history at ten,literature at eleven” structure.Examples of projects applicable to the current situation are as follows:
Soil Superheroes Project King Middle School,Maine African Wildlife DNA Project High Tech High,California
　　Seventh graders learn about soil bacteria (细菌)by creating multimedia informational brochures.They consult professional microbiologists and cartoonists,conduct research,and then distribute their work to local garden centres and flower shops. 　　An eleventh-grade biology class uses DNA analysis to help protect African wildlife.Students share their findings with wildlife-conservation officials and have even travelled to Tanzania to lead bushmeat-identification workshops.
Water Wheel Project Ferryway School,Massachusetts Bridge Project Kentucky Elementary School,Ohio
　　Fifth-graders explore history, science,technology,and engineering by designing their own waterwheels. By the time they visit the nearby Saugus Iron Works, which dates back to the 1640s,they’ve already tested and mastered the centuries-old technology. 　　Students conduct surveys,do research,build models,and take field trips with the goal of determining the best kind of new bridge to build over the Ohio River.They don’t restrict themselves to one discipline but rather look into maths,literature,history, science—whatever is appropriate to the study.
【语篇导读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个项目式学习的基本情况。
(　　)1.What is the characteristic of project-based learning
A.Following strict disciplines.
B.Engaging in real-world issues.
C.Starting subjects at different ages.
D.Adopting teacher-centred class modes.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知,项目式学习是以真实情境中的问题为出发点的学习方式。故选B。
(　　)2.Which project includes a field trip to a historic site
A.Soil Superheroes Project.
B.African Wildlife DNA Project.
C.Water Wheel Project.
D.Bridge Project.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Water Wheel Project部分中的最后一句可知,Water Wheel Project包括对历史遗迹的实地考察。故选C。
(　　)3.What is highlighted in Bridge Project
A.Convenience. B.Integration.
C.Efficiency. D.Popularity.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Bridge Project部分中的最后一句可知,学生们不局限于一门学科,而是研究数学、文学、历史、科学——任何适合学习的学科;也就是说桥梁项目中突出的是融合。故选B。
B
(2025·重庆巴蜀中学12月月考)
Sometimes one plus one does equal three, as was the case when McNee, a basketball coach, met Mandekic. When Mandekic, a math teacher, told McNee how hard it was to get students excited about math at a gathering, he suggested, “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports ” “You are kidding!” Mandekic dismissed his idea at the moment.
The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot two years later, when Mandekic and McNee, the current colleagues — who had launched a non-profit tutoring — were invited to run a summer-school programme for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Vanier School.
When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly thrilled. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage—which, in turn, taught them math knowledge. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so focused on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools.
Later, McNee and Mandekic established a private school. At the school, kids with excellent basketball skills study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics after-school programmes. For the school’s first graduates, the value of BallMatics is clear: all of the 16 boys landed university scholarships for their performance in the classroom, not on the court. “The school’s commitment to academics is the key reason for our success. The coaches would put students who didn’t keep up in class on the bench.” Abbott, one of them, says, “At the school, we were student athletes, after all, not athlete students.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述两位老师把数学和篮球结合起来教学,帮助了许多数学学习有困难的学生。
(　　)4.How did McNee’s suggestion sound to Mandekic at first
A.Confusing. B.Absurd.
C.Practical. D.Professional.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘You are kidding!’...at the moment.”可知,Mandekic最初听到McNee的建议时觉得他在开玩笑,觉得这一想法很荒谬,故选B。
(　　)5.Why did other schools welcome the classes
A.They enhanced students’ concentration.
B.They improved students’ shooting techniques.
C.They helped students learn math unknowingly.
D.They guaranteed students’ show-up percentage.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,这些课程很快就推广到了其他学校,是因为这些课程可以提升孩子的专注力。故选A。
(　　)6.What can be inferred from Abbott’s words
A.Students got balanced development.
B.The coaches cared little about students.
C.The school attracted more and more students.
D.He doubted the education idea of the school.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘The school’s commitment to academics...after all, not athlete students.’”可知,在Abbott看来,这种教学方式是很成功的,他们让学生在运动和学习方面得到了均衡的发展。故选A。
(　　)7.What is the best title for the text
A.Big Win
B.Math Struggling
C.Numbers Game
D.Athlete Training
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是根据第三段最后一句和最后一段中的“‘The school’s commitment to academics ...after all, not athlete students.’”可知,BallMatics课程让学生们在运动和学习方面得到了均衡的发展,是很成功的措施。故选A。
C
(2024·九省联考)
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice,for you aren’t the same person at each visit,and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change.We deny it,resist it or attempt to control it,the result of which is almost always some combination of stress,anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way.No doubt,change can,and often does,hurt.But with the right mindset,it can also be a force for growth.It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter.Like it or not,life is change.We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help.Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer,allostasis is defined as “stability through change”.In other words,the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing,at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology,allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections.Overcoming pain,be it physical or psychological,is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation.It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now.Over the past few years,the river of change has been flowing mercilessly,and it shows no signs of letting up.Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media,a new technology that may be far more powerful,artificial intelligence,is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised:Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t.Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。生命中唯一不变的就是变化。作者认为我们要学会适应无法改变的变化,积极地在变化中成长。
(　　)8.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A.We could have a right mindset.
B.Philosophy exists everywhere.
C.Some people are wiser than others.
D.Change is unavoidable in life.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,一切都在变化。故选D。
(　　)9.How should we deal with changes according to the author
A.Ignore them.
B.Participate in them.
C.Fight against them.
D.Put them under control.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句及最后一段第一句可知,作者认为比较可行的态度是积极参与到变化中来。故选B。
(　　)10.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A.Slowing down.
B.Setting off.
C.Marching on.
D.Pulling in.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语后一句可推断,科技进步还没有放慢的迹象。故选A。
(　　)11.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
B.How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
C.Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
D.Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文,特别是第三段及第四段可知,作者希望我们能改变心态去适应无法改变的变化,并积极地在变化中成长。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·江苏南京六校联考)
When I was in primary school,my school had an annual sports day.Usually,girls were 　1　 in sports like jump rope and boys did the high jump,which I was anxious to take part in.I went to
　2　 up,but the coach said,“Girls don’t do the high jump.”
I went home and 　3　 Mom of the coach’s words.She visited the headmaster the next day and said,“Mr White,Linda wants to do the high jump.”“Sorry,Mrs Martinez,but it’s our 　4　 that girls can’t do it,” he said.“But Mr White,I have no 　5　 of any rules saying that.” Finding no such rules,Mr White,feeling 　6　,said “I have to consider it”at last.
When we got home,Mom told me something I would always 　7　:This wasn’t just about me.Other girls 　8　 wanted to do this,too.A week later,Mom went to Mr White again.Finally,he agreed.As it turned out,I won the high jump competition.To my 　9　,some of the cheers I got were from boys!My mother was 　10　—it wasn’t about me.It was about making people think about and see what girls could do.Later,I used this 　11　 in my career as a building contractor—women weren’t 　12　 to construct buildings.When I first 　13　 the business, Mom said,“Go ahead.Start small,but think big.” I started with small projects and now my company can handle large ones.
Those experiences taught me though people wouldn’t always 　14　 us,we should be brave to jump over 　15　 and take paths few girls and women would take.And this has really made a difference.
【语篇导读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在小学时代被拒绝参与学校运动会的跳高项目,作者的母亲为其找校长争取。作者认识到女孩子要勇于打破别人设定的限制,争取
权益。
(　　)1.A.interested B.skilled
C.involved D.gifted
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据空后“and boys did the high jump”可知,这里指女生一般参与(involved)跳绳项目。故选C。
(　　)2.A.build B.sign
C.make D.fix
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“the high jump,which I was anxious to take part in”及下文教练说女生不参加跳高可知,作者渴望参加跳高并且去报名了。短语sign up意为“报名”。故选B。
(　　)3.A.reminded B.warned
C.convinced D.informed
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据下文母亲帮作者争取权益可知,作者把教练的话告诉(informed)她的母亲。故选D。
(　　)4.A.compromise B.conclusion
C.convention D.criterion
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文的“Finding no such rules”可知,学校没有这样的规定,但校长和教练都认为女生不应参加跳高,可推知这应该是学校的惯例(convention)。故选C。
(　　)5.A.opinion B.sense
C.intention D.knowledge
【答案】 D
【解析】 分析语境可知,面对校长的拒绝,作者母亲表示并不知道有这样的规定。have no knowledge of...意为“对……不了解”,符合语境。故选D。
(　　)6.A.concerned B.embarrassed
C.discouraged D.annoyed
【答案】 B
【解析】 怀特校长说是依惯例不让女生报名跳高,却没找到相关规定,应该是尴尬的(embarrassed),因为他无法反驳这位母亲。故选B。
(　　)7.A.consider B.undertake
C.remember D.seek
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文作者在工作中也记得这句话可知,此处表示作者铭记(remember)母亲的话。故选C。
(　　)8.A.accidentally B.probably
C.obviously D.rarely
【答案】 B
【解析】 母亲的意思是这不仅仅是在为女儿争取,或许(probably)别的女孩也想参加。此处只是猜测,也会有别的女孩想跳高,她们需要平等的机会。故选B。
(　　)9.A.surprise B.delight
C.relief D.satisfaction
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后半句“some of the cheers I got were from boys”可知,作者作为女生首次参加跳高并且获胜,这不符合学校的传统理念,但她却得到了男孩的祝贺,作者很惊讶(surprise)。故
选A。
(　　)10.A.right B.wrong
C.certain D.realistic
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据破折号后的“it wasn’t about me”可知,此处是对上文“This wasn’t just about me.”的肯定,即母亲是对的(right)。故选A。
(　　)11.A.rule B.lesson
C.truth D.remark
【答案】 B
【解析】 作者从此次经历中学到很多,感悟很深,应该说是一次经验教训(lesson)。故选B。
(　　)12.A.supposed B.qualified
C.demanded D.designed
【答案】 A
【解析】 be supposed to do指人们观念中认定某人应该做某事,此处为否定句,指人们惯性思维认为女性不应该从事建筑行业,符合语境。故选A。
(　　)13.A.made way for B.kept track of
C.threw light on D.set foot in
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前的first可知,这里指作者刚刚进入(set foot in)建筑行业工作时母亲给的支持与告诫。故选D。
(　　)14.A.accept B.mind
C.help D.need
【答案】 A
【解析】 这里指就像第一段教练所说的“Girls don’t do the high jump.”及第三段的“women weren’t 　　　　 to construct buildings”那样,在某些领域人们对于女性的不接纳(accept)。故选A。
(　　)15.A.poles B.boundaries
C.platforms D.fences
【答案】 B
【解析】 上文举例说明很多情况人们对女性的否定,在此作者认为女孩要勇敢跨越这些别人设置的界限(boundaries),不断走出新的道路。故选B。必修　第一册
WELCOME UNIT & UNIT 1　TEENAGE LIFE
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·山东德州一模)
In a growing number of schools,educators believe that having students take part by starting with practical problems is a great motivator.Project-based learning that freely crosses disciplines provides an education superior to the traditional “maths at age nine,history at ten,literature at eleven” structure.Examples of projects applicable to the current situation are as follows:
Soil Superheroes Project King Middle School,Maine African Wildlife DNA Project High Tech High,California
　　Seventh graders learn about soil bacteria (细菌)by creating multimedia informational brochures.They consult professional microbiologists and cartoonists,conduct research,and then distribute their work to local garden centres and flower shops. 　　An eleventh-grade biology class uses DNA analysis to help protect African wildlife.Students share their findings with wildlife-conservation officials and have even travelled to Tanzania to lead bushmeat-identification workshops.
Water Wheel Project Ferryway School,Massachusetts Bridge Project Kentucky Elementary School,Ohio
　　Fifth-graders explore history,science,technology,and engineering by designing their own waterwheels.By the time they visit the nearby Saugus Iron Works,which dates back to the 1640s,they’ve already tested and mastered the centuries-old technology. 　　Students conduct surveys,do research,build models,and take field trips with the goal of determining the best kind of new bridge to build over the Ohio River.They don’t restrict themselves to one discipline but rather look into maths,literature,history,science—whatever is appropriate to the study.
(　　)1.What is the characteristic of project-based learning
A.Following strict disciplines. B.Engaging in real-world issues.
C.Starting subjects at different ages. D.Adopting teacher-centred class modes.
(　　)2.Which project includes a field trip to a historic site
A.Soil Superheroes Project. B.African Wildlife DNA Project.
C.Water Wheel Project. D.Bridge Project.
(　　)3.What is highlighted in Bridge Project
A.Convenience. B.Integration. C.Efficiency. D.Popularity.
B
(2025·重庆巴蜀中学12月月考)
Sometimes one plus one does equal three, as was the case when McNee, a basketball coach, met Mandekic. When Mandekic, a math teacher, told McNee how hard it was to get students excited about math at a gathering, he suggested, “Why not throw in something they enjoy, like sports ” “You are kidding!” Mandekic dismissed his idea at the moment.
The idea of mixing basketball and mathematics got its first shot two years later, when Mandekic and McNee, the current colleagues — who had launched a non-profit tutoring — were invited to run a summer-school programme for kids who’d failed Grade 9 math at Vanier School.
When the students showed up for their first day, they weren’t exactly thrilled. Over the next few hours, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques to improve their shooting while also helping them calculate their field-goal percentage—which, in turn, taught them math knowledge. At the end of the game, the winning team was determined based on which group had the highest total percentage and had done the most efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were so focused on collecting their data and figuring out which team won that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. The classes, later named BallMatics, soon spread to other schools.
Later, McNee and Mandekic established a private school. At the school, kids with excellent basketball skills study all subjects, train at their sport and work part-time helping out with the BallMatics after-school programmes. For the school’s first graduates, the value of BallMatics is clear: all of the 16 boys landed university scholarships for their performance in the classroom, not on the court. “The school’s commitment to academics is the key reason for our success. The coaches would put students who didn’t keep up in class on the bench.” Abbott, one of them, says, “At the school, we were student athletes, after all, not athlete students.”
(　　)4.How did McNee’s suggestion sound to Mandekic at first
A.Confusing. B.Absurd. C.Practical. D.Professional.
(　　)5.Why did other schools welcome the classes
A.They enhanced students’ concentration.
B.They improved students’ shooting techniques.
C.They helped students learn math unknowingly.
D.They guaranteed students’ show-up percentage.
(　　)6.What can be inferred from Abbott’s words
A.Students got balanced development.
B.The coaches cared little about students.
C.The school attracted more and more students.
D.He doubted the education idea of the school.
(　　)7.What is the best title for the text
A.Big Win B.Math Struggling
C.Numbers Game D.Athlete Training
C
(2024·九省联考)
The Greek philosopher Heraclitus taught that you can’t step into the same river twice,for you aren’t the same person at each visit,and the water is ever flowing.It is a powerful way to represent the reality that everything is always changing.
Yet so many of us have difficulty adapting to change.We deny it,resist it or attempt to control it,the result of which is almost always some combination of stress,anxiety and burnout.
It doesn’t have to be that way.No doubt,change can,and often does,hurt.But with the right mindset,it can also be a force for growth.It’s not as if we have any choice in the matter.Like it or not,life is change.We’d be wise to shift our position from useless resistance to being in conversation with change instead.
A concept called allostasis can help.Developed in the late 1980s by Peter Sterling and Joseph Eyer,allostasis is defined as “stability through change”.In other words,the way to stay stable through the process of change is by changing,at least to some extent.
From neuroscience to pain science and psychology,allostasis has become the standard model for understanding change in the scientific community.The brain is at its best when it is constantly making new connections.Overcoming pain,be it physical or psychological,is not about resistance (which often worsens the experience) or trying to get back to where you were before a distressing event or situation.It’s about balancing acceptance with problem-solving and moving forward to a new normal.
Yet this concept is still little known to ordinary people and it is time to start practicing it now.Over the past few years,the river of change has been flowing mercilessly,and it shows no signs of letting up.Hardly a decade after the widespread adoption of social media,a new technology that may be far more powerful,artificial intelligence,is being widely used.
It’s like what our friend Heraclitus advised:Take part in change by focusing on what we can control and trying to let go of what we can’t.Our ability to work with these changes is directly related to our life satisfaction.
(　　)8.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A.We could have a right mindset. B.Philosophy exists everywhere.
C.Some people are wiser than others. D.Change is unavoidable in life.
(　　)9.How should we deal with changes according to the author
A.Ignore them. B.Participate in them.
C.Fight against them. D.Put them under control.
(　　)10.What does the underlined phrase “letting up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A.Slowing down. B.Setting off.
C.Marching on. D.Pulling in.
(　　)11.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Can’t We Adapt to Changes in Life
B.How Can We Increase Our Life Satisfaction
C.Let’s Transform Our Relationship with Change
D.Try to Help the Public to Understand Allostasis
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·江苏南京六校联考)
When I was in primary school,my school had an annual sports day.Usually,girls were 　1　 in sports like jump rope and boys did the high jump,which I was anxious to take part in.I went to
　2　 up,but the coach said,“Girls don’t do the high jump.”
I went home and 　3　 Mom of the coach’s words.She visited the headmaster the next day and said,“Mr White,Linda wants to do the high jump.”“Sorry,Mrs Martinez,but it’s our 　4　 that girls can’t do it,” he said.“But Mr White,I have no 　5　 of any rules saying that.” Finding no such rules,Mr White,feeling 　6　,said “I have to consider it”at last.
When we got home,Mom told me something I would always 　7　:This wasn’t just about me.Other girls 　8　 wanted to do this,too.A week later,Mom went to Mr White again.Finally,he agreed.As it turned out,I won the high jump competition.To my 　9　,some of the cheers I got were from boys!My mother was 　10　—it wasn’t about me.It was about making people think about and see what girls could do.Later,I used this 　11　 in my career as a building contractor—women weren’t 　12　 to construct buildings.When I first 　13　 the business, Mom said,“Go ahead.Start small,but think big.” I started with small projects and now my company can handle large ones.
Those experiences taught me though people wouldn’t always 　14　 us,we should be brave to jump over 　15　 and take paths few girls and women would take.And this has really made a difference.
(　　)1.A.interested B.skilled C.involved D.gifted
(　　)2.A.build B.sign C.make D.fix
(　　)3.A.reminded B.warned C.convinced D.informed
(　　)4.A.compromise B.conclusion C.convention D.criterion
(　　)5.A.opinion B.sense C.intention D.knowledge
(　　)6.A.concerned B.embarrassed C.discouraged D.annoyed
(　　)7.A.consider B.undertake C.remember D.seek
(　　)8.A.accidentally B.probably C.obviously D.rarely
(　　)9.A.surprise B.delight C.relief D.satisfaction
(　　)10.A.right B.wrong C.certain D.realistic
(　　)11.A.rule B.lesson C.truth D.remark
(　　)12.A.supposed B.qualified C.demanded D.designed
(　　)13.A.made way for B.kept track of
C.threw light on D.set foot in
(　　)14.A.accept B.mind C.help D.need
(　　)15.A.poles B.boundaries C.platforms D.fencesUNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·湖南长沙一模)
Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates. Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this young girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills. These ground tremors (small earthquakes) are the world’s deadliest natural disasters. And they’re often unpredictable.
Earthquake early warning systems do exist. One is the ShakeAlert system on the U.S. West Coast. Earthquake monitoring stations in the ShakeAlert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake. But it’s hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place. And people closest to an earthquake’s source are out of luck. They’ll feel the shaking before they can get an alert.
Therefore, Vivien built an at-home earthquake sensor. Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts. To build it, Vivien bought a machine and watched many videos to learn how to use it. Then she went to work in a spare bathroom.
During nine months of testing, Vivien’s Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles. The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer (地震仪) in the Southern California Seismic Network.
Vivien is building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles. “I have eight devices in different homes,” she says. A widespread Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of ShakeAlert seismic stations. When one Qube starts to shake, it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake. But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive. About the size of a Rubik’s cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make. So, many more of them could be installed around a city.
(　　)1.What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little
A.She used to like playing hide and seek in school.
B.She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake.
C.She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill.
D.She showed no interest in studying natural disasters.
(　　)2.Why does the author mention the ShakeAlert system
A.To prove the necessity of early earthquake monitoring stations.
B.To compare ShakeAlert with Vivien’s Qube in terms of accuracy.
C.To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection.
D.To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems.
(　　)3.What’s the main function of Vivien He’s device
A.Monitoring tremors and sending alarms.
B.Collecting data about minor earthquakes.
C.Predicting the centre of an earthquake.
D.Assessing the sizes of earthquakes.
(　　)4.What’s implied about the network of Qubes
A.It’s very challenging to build it. B.It has limitations in large cities.
C.It can be easily applied at a low cost. D.It just requires eight devices in each place.
B
(2025·广东高三一模)
Envision a futuristic rooftop garden so intelligent that it is capable of discerning the optimal moments to store water in anticipation of arid conditions, and when to expel water to avert inundation. Now, such intelligent roofs are transitioning from the realm of fantasy to reality in the Netherlands.
With a substantial portion of the nation situated below sea level, the Netherlands has long been acquainted with the perils of flooding. The advent(出现) of climate change has ushered in an era of more extreme meteorological phenomena, including torrential downpours and periods of drought, compelling the city of Amsterdam to contemplate novel strategies for self-preservation, and it is within this context that RESILIO (气候复原计划) emerges as a pivotal(关键性的) player.
As per the assertions on their official website, RESILIO is engaged in the construction of blue-green roofs across the expanse of Amsterdam. In conjunction with the local governmental authorities, from the years 2018 through to 2022, they have installed specialised roofing systems in the neighbourhoods of Amsterdam that are most vulnerable to the ravages of flood damage.
These roofs are composed of a multitude of strata. Paramount among these layers is the water retention layer. During episodes of copious rainfall, this layer serves to accumulate the rainwater that would otherwise inundate the streets, and in times of drought, it channels its stored water to nourish the garden situated on the uppermost layer. It is this particular layer that distinguishes the blue-green roofs from their conventional green counterparts. Research indicates that blue-green roofs possess the capacity to capture as much as 97% of extreme rainfall, in stark contrast to the mere 12% that regular green roofs can retain.
However, what truly sets RESILIO roofs apart is their sophisticated systems. An array of blue-green roofs are interconnected via a digital communication network, thereby enabling each roof to be manipulated independently, responding to the volume of water amassed on that specific roof as the situation demands. Each roof is also equipped with a valve(阀) that is linked to a computerised system known as the Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS interfaces with local weather prognostications to determine whether the valve on a particular roof should be opened, allowing water to be discharged in a controlled and gradual manner into the sewerage system, or whether it should remain sealed to collect the impending rain.
These innovations are the hallmarks that render RESILIO truly revolutionary. Blue-green roofs exemplify that the remedies to the hazards posed by climate change necessitate a blend of creativity and a multifaceted approach, operating on various levels to mitigate the adverse effects of our changing environment.
(　　)5.What may directly lead to the building of RESILIO roofs in Amsterdam
A.The increasing disasters. B.The city’s financial suffering.
C.The ever-rising sea level. D.The city’s geographic advantage.
(　　)6.What do we know about the water retention layer of RESILIO roofs
A.It is slow to drought. B.It is absolutely perfect.
C.It serves a double purpose. D.It can trap solar energy.
(　　)7.What is the main function of the DSS according to the text
A.To collect weather information. B.To control the use of the valve.
C.To help the sewer system work. D.To connect the digital network.
(　　)8.What might be the best title for this passage
A.Smart Roof Systems Becoming a Reality in Auckland
B.RESILIO Blue-green Roof Systems Preventing Disasters
C.The Working Principle of the Blue-green Roof Systems
D.The Differences Between RESILIO Roofs and Regular Green Roofs
Ⅱ.读后续写(动物篇)
阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·天域全国名校协作体10月联考)
Sweat dripped from Callie’s face as she helped her big brother Briggs load hay bales (捆) onto the machine. The machine made a loud noise while it carried the bales up to the hayloft (干草棚), where Callie’s dad piled them up.
All was quiet when Callie went inside to feed the horses. But as she filled the water bucket, she thought she heard a faint meow (猫叫声) from the hayloft. She climbed the steps to the loft and listened. The sound seemed to be coming from behind the bales. She ran to get her dad and Briggs. Briggs cocked his head, “It’s coming from outside”, he determined. “Just a bird in a tree.” Callie’s dad agreed. “Probably a mockingbird or a catbird,” he said. “How do you know for sure ” Callie said.
“I guess we’ve just got better ears than you,” Briggs joked. But Callie wasn’t convinced.
She checked the hayloft again after supper. “Are you stuck in there ” she said, pressing an ear to the bales. “Meow!” came a sad cry. Callie raced back to the house. “I heard it again, Dad! Will you please listen once more ” “It’s okay, Callie,” her dad said, comforting her,“I’ll go and take a look.”
A few minutes later, he poked his head into Callie’s room. “The only thing I heard out there was a mockingbird,” he said, “So you can stop worrying.” “OK, Dad,” Callie said. But she woke in the night thinking about what she’d heard. What if a kitten was trapped behind the bales She lay on her back, wondering what to do.
Finally, she changed into jeans and a sweatshirt, and then walked quietly into Briggs’s room. “I need your flashlight (手电筒),” she whispered. “Huh ” Briggs was confused. “I need it to find the kitten,” Callie explained,“I’ll be careful.” Briggs huffed, “You are so stubborn!” “You’re the best,” Callie said.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Paragraph 1:
She grabbed the flashlight and rushed to the hayloft.
Paragraph 2:
Thanks to Briggs’s help, the last heavy bale was moved, revealing a tiny, frightened kitten.
[情节构建]
情节线 情感线
速读文章定要素 Who 疑惑 　　　 　　　 喜悦
When
Where
What
明确冲突定主题 Conflict & Clue Conflict:① ② Clue:
Theme
预设问题定走向 Para.1 She grabbed the flashlight and rushed to the hayloft. Q1: Q2: Q3:
Para.2 Thanks to Briggs’s help, the last heavy bale was moved, revealing a tiny, frightened kitten. Q1: Q2: Q3: UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·江苏南通二模)
As the snow begins to melt away into a distant memory,be sure to head outdoors this spring.Before the peak summer crowds roll in,you can explore unique scenic spots without the overwhelming rush of tourists.Several destinations around the globe are especially notable for their breathtaking spring offerings.
Puebla
This city in central Mexico attracts visitors with its UNESCO-recognised historic structures.Spring marks the final few months of Puebla’s dry season and temperatures average around 21℃—just right for wandering through the city’s main square or admiring baroque architecture like Capilla del Rosario.
Machu Picchu
Spring is a time of transition (过渡) at Machu Picchu.Tourists looking for ideal weather can book a trip in May,the beginning of this Peruvian heritage site’s dry season.No matter when you visit,you’ll be glad you came as you set eyes on the 600-year-old Inca Citadel,one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Yellowstone National Park
As the snowfall starts to slow down,baby animals emerge in Yellowstone,making this national park an excellent place to spot wildlife in spring.Tourists can hike along the lower elevation (高度) trails that open in April and May,while those who love mammals can keep their eyes peeled for bears coming out of hibernation with their cubs.
Arches National Park
You’ll be perfectly comfortable while exploring the park’s 2,000 arches or biking along its scenic paved roads.If you’re willing to risk a cold front,you can avoid the crowds during a March trip.During the peak months of April and May,all park visitors will need a reservation to enter an easy trade-off for perfect weather and seeing desert blooms sprout.
(　　)1.What is the advantage of travelling in spring
A.There are fewer crowds.
B.Tourists will feel more secure.
C.More tourist sites are available.
D.It’s fun to enjoy the last days of snow.
(　　)2.Which destination is suitable for animal lovers
A.Puebla. B.Machu Picchu.
C.Yellowstone National Park. D.Arches National Park.
(　　)3.What are visitors expected to do when visiting Arches National Park in April
A.Trade tickets for blooms. B.Wear thick clothes.
C.Secure an entry reservation. D.Cycle in cold weather.
B
(2025·福建高三毕业班适应性考试)
By the middle of the last decade,I had been studying Indian butterflies for over 20 years. However,I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat.So,in 2015,I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies.
My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016,then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018.For these visits,I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion.I covered some of the well-known locations.
Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species.By trickling streams and wet areas,we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings,along with numerous Meadowblues,all part of the Blues family.In alpine meadows,countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about.More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow,and chase after it,only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away.Once,I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes,managing only a few photos before it disappeared.Another time,I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow.I spent half an hour chasing them,only for them to fly away each time.
Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation,I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers”—species I encountered for the very first time.These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the Journal of Threatened Taxa.
In addition to this,I partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh,with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity.This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region,while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems.
(　　)4.Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh
A.To survey butterflies at high altitudes.
B.To search for butterfly habitats.
C.To carry out a travel schedule.
D.To recommend tourist attractions.
(　　)5.Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies
A.Challenging and fascinating. B.Scary and exciting.
C.Embarrassing and amusing. D.Dangerous and interesting.
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet
A.To document insect species in India.
B.To encourage eco-aware exploration.
C.To promote local tourism in Ladakh.
D.To compare butterfly research findings.
(　　)7.What is the best title for the text
A.Uniqueness of Butterflies B.A Fascinating Journey
C.Biodiversity in Ladakh D.A Fluttering Discovery
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the place
that’s right for you
·Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,students, scholars,and alumni (校友).1.　　　.Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university,and by a desire to be part of a cultural community.Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum.Friends are art lovers—just like you.
·2.　　　
As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs.By joining the Friends,you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience,to enjoy,and to love.
·What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
3.　　　.When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition.Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum,but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded individuals. 4.　　　,and they get invitations to exhibition openings,lectures,travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings.
·How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy.5.　　　,return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.If you prefer,you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become-a-member,or when you visit the Museum Store.
A.Why does membership matter
B.How can I learn about the Friends
C.Simply complete the membership form
D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine
G.Friends are people of all ages,interests,abilities,and cultural backgrounds
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·广东深圳二模)
For many,cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream.But for Li Shuangsheng and his son,Li Xuyao,it was 1.　　　　 36-day,2,298-kilometre journey of growth—crossing 14 mountains over 4,000 metres and 2.　　　　 (battle) altitude (海拔) sickness.This was the father’s special gift to his son’s 16th birthday.
Setting off 3.　　　　 Chongqing,they rode in a “father in front,son behind” formation, determined to bike up one mountain each day.One day,they 4.　　　　 (catch) in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain’s slopes (山坡).Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son.Ten minutes later,Li Xuyao appeared,5.　　　　 (cover) in mud.His bike,6.　　　　 chain had slipped off,caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground.
During the day,the mountain roads,burning sun,and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son.At night,they either sheltered with Tibetan families 7.　　　　 camped alone.Several times,the father jokingly suggested giving up,but Li Xuyao always replied 8.　　　　 (firm),“No way.I’ll do whatever it takes to get there.”
After wearing down six sets of brake pads (刹车片),they finally arrived in Lhasa.For Li Xuyao’s mother,it was a moment of 9.　　　　 (relieve) and pride.“I prayed for their safe return every night,” she said.“My son has grown into a 10.　　　　 (tough) and more mature young man.”
UNIT 2　TRAVELLING AROUND
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·江苏南通二模)
As the snow begins to melt away into a distant memory,be sure to head outdoors this spring.Before the peak summer crowds roll in,you can explore unique scenic spots without the overwhelming rush of tourists.Several destinations around the globe are especially notable for their breathtaking spring offerings.
Puebla
This city in central Mexico attracts visitors with its UNESCO-recognised historic structures. Spring marks the final few months of Puebla’s dry season and temperatures average around 21℃—just right for wandering through the city’s main square or admiring baroque architecture like Capilla del Rosario.
Machu Picchu
Spring is a time of transition (过渡) at Machu Picchu.Tourists looking for ideal weather can book a trip in May,the beginning of this Peruvian heritage site’s dry season.No matter when you visit,you’ll be glad you came as you set eyes on the 600-year-old Inca Citadel,one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Yellowstone National Park
As the snowfall starts to slow down,baby animals emerge in Yellowstone,making this national park an excellent place to spot wildlife in spring.Tourists can hike along the lower elevation (高度) trails that open in April and May,while those who love mammals can keep their eyes peeled for bears coming out of hibernation with their cubs.
Arches National Park
You’ll be perfectly comfortable while exploring the park’s 2,000 arches or biking along its scenic paved roads.If you’re willing to risk a cold front,you can avoid the crowds during a March trip.During the peak months of April and May,all park visitors will need a reservation to enter an easy trade-off for perfect weather and seeing desert blooms sprout.
(　　)1.What is the advantage of travelling in spring
A.There are fewer crowds.
B.Tourists will feel more secure.
C.More tourist sites are available.
D.It’s fun to enjoy the last days of snow.
(　　)2.Which destination is suitable for animal lovers
A.Puebla. B.Machu Picchu.
C.Yellowstone National Park. D.Arches National Park.
(　　)3.What are visitors expected to do when visiting Arches National Park in April
A.Trade tickets for blooms. B.Wear thick clothes.
C.Secure an entry reservation. D.Cycle in cold weather.
B
(2025·福建高三毕业班适应性考试)
By the middle of the last decade,I had been studying Indian butterflies for over 20 years.However,I had never observed butterflies at high altitudes in the trans-Himalayan habitat.So,in 2015,I decided to visit Ladakh to search for butterflies.
My first “butterflying” visit to Ladakh was in June 2016,then in July of the same year, followed by another visit in August 2018.For these visits,I charted out a two-week schedule on each occasion.I covered some of the well-known locations.
Each habitat we explored had its unique mix of butterfly species.By trickling streams and wet areas,we found Small and Dusky Green Underwings,along with numerous Meadowblues,all part of the Blues family.In alpine meadows,countless white and yellow butterflies from the Yellows and Whites family fluttered (翩翩飞舞) about.More than once,I’d spot a white or yellow butterfly flying across the meadow,and chase after it,only to find myself out of breath in Ladakh’s thin air while the butterfly gracefully flew away.Once,I chased a Butler’s Dwarf butterfly for 15 minutes,managing only a few photos before it disappeared.Another time,I spotted dozens of Clouded Yellow butterflies in an alpine meadow.I spent half an hour chasing them,only for them to fly away each time.
Over the course of multiple visits to Ladakh for butterfly observation,I’ve had the remarkable opportunity to photograph more than 40 “lifers”—species I encountered for the very first time.These discoveries have added valuable knowledge to the field and led to the publication of two research papers in the Journal of Threatened Taxa.
In addition to this,I partnered with the Snow Leopard Conservancy to create a small booklet showcasing 50 butterfly species found in Ladakh,with the goal of raising awareness and promoting butterfly watching as a unique and sustainable activity.This initiative aims to inspire both locals and tourists to explore the rich biodiversity of the region,while fostering a greater appreciation for Ladakh’s delicate ecosystems.
(　　)4.Why did the author decide to visit Ladakh
A.To survey butterflies at high altitudes.
B.To search for butterfly habitats.
C.To carry out a travel schedule.
D.To recommend tourist attractions.
(　　)5.Which best describes the author’s chasing butterflies
A.Challenging and fascinating. B.Scary and exciting.
C.Embarrassing and amusing. D.Dangerous and interesting.
(　　)6.What is the author’s purpose of making a booklet
A.To document insect species in India.
B.To encourage eco-aware exploration.
C.To promote local tourism in Ladakh.
D.To compare butterfly research findings.
(　　)7.What is the best title for the text
A.Uniqueness of Butterflies B.A Fascinating Journey
C.Biodiversity in Ladakh D.A Fluttering Discovery
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·八省联考)
Join the Friends and find the place
that’s right for you
·Who are the Friends of the University Art Museum
Friends are our neighbors from the local communities and beyond.They are families,students, scholars,and alumni (校友).1.　　　.Friends are united by a shared love for the arts and for the university,and by a desire to be part of a cultural community.Friends are interested and active in the life of the Art Museum.Friends are art lovers—just like you.
·2.　　　
As a Friend,your membership provides essential annual support to help sustain the continued excellence and diversity of the Museum’s educational programs.By joining the Friends,you help to guarantee that the Museum remains a welcoming place of shared enrichment for all visitors to experience,to enjoy,and to love.
·What benefits do members of the Friends enjoy
3.　　　.When you become a Friend of the University Art Museum,you also become part of a great tradition.Not only will you be actively participating in the life of the Museum,but you also will receive special opportunities to share your love of art with other like-minded individuals. 4.　　　,and they get invitations to exhibition openings,lectures,travel opportunities,and lively social gatherings.
·How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy.5.　　　,return it with your annual membership fee in the attached envelope,and begin enjoying your benefits immediately.If you prefer,you may join online at artmuseum.edu/support/become-a-member,or when you visit the Museum Store.
A.Why does membership matter
B.How can I learn about the Friends
C.Simply complete the membership form
D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum’s quarterly magazine
G.Friends are people of all ages,interests,abilities,and cultural backgrounds
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025·广东深圳二模)
For many,cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream.But for Li Shuangsheng and his son,Li Xuyao,it was 1.　　　　 36-day,2,298-kilometre journey of growth—crossing 14 mountains over 4,000 metres and 2.　　　　 (battle) altitude (海拔) sickness.This was the father’s special gift to his son’s 16th birthday.
Setting off 3.　　　　 Chongqing,they rode in a “father in front,son behind” formation, determined to bike up one mountain each day.One day,they 4.　　　　 (catch) in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain’s slopes (山坡).Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son.Ten minutes later,Li Xuyao appeared,5.　　　　 (cover) in mud.His bike,6.　　　　 chain had slipped off,caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground.
During the day,the mountain roads,burning sun,and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son.At night,they either sheltered with Tibetan families 7.　　　　 camped alone.Several times,the father jokingly suggested giving up,but Li Xuyao always replied 8.　　　　 (firm),“No way.I’ll do whatever it takes to get there.”
After wearing down six sets of brake pads (刹车片),they finally arrived in Lhasa.For Li Xuyao’s mother,it was a moment of 9.　　　　 (relieve) and pride.“I prayed for their safe return every night,” she said.“My son has grown into a 10.　　　　 (tough) and more mature young man.” UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·浙江杭州一模)
A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favourite food is sushi,” I said — wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi.
I had created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up. The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate highly realistic videos of real people “saying” almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places.
AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart.”
Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profoundly human experience. A language professor emphasises that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favour of AI, some educators advocate for emphasising the intercultural aspects of language learning. A linguistics expert points out that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a mystery.
In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that come from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve.
【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能语言工具的便利性与语言学习的文化深度之间的差异,作者引导我们对人工智能语言工具进行批判性思考并得出一个结论:人工智能在帮助语言理解方面远非完美。
(　　)1.Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 1
A.To promote the language software.
B.To show off his or her Chinese language skills.
C.To prove learning a language is a wasted effort.
D.To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及最后一段第一句可知,作者在文章第一段以自己的体验引出人工智能语言工具是为了在下文鼓励我们对人工智能语言工具进行批判性思考。故选D。
(　　)2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.AI translation deserves more attention.
B.Language apps play a key role in marketing.
C.Language translation is far beyond technology.
D.Learning a different language is an uphill battle.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, language translation ... exchange for that convenience.”以及本段最后一句可知,语言翻译并不是技术能解决的问题,也就是说它远远超出了技术范畴。故选C。
(　　)3.What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage
A.Better digital literacy.
B.Improved translation skills.
C.Deeper cultural confidence.
D.Effective intercultural interaction.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A language professor emphasises that ... the intercultural aspects of language learning.”可知,学习语言的主要好处是有效的跨文化互动。故选D。
(　　)4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.AI language tools offer convenience.
B.AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture.
C.AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding.
D.AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,作者在最后一段表明,由于人工智能语言工具缺乏人类语言学习的深度和文化洞察力,因此人工智能在帮助语言理解方面远非完美。故选C。
B
(2025·山东德州一模)
Some of the world’s 7,000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages.
Tochi Precious, a Nigerian, says, “It pains me to see a language dying off, because it’s not just about the language, but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo, an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues.
Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too. “It’s urgent to document and make it accessible, not just stored in a library,” she says, “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing.They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonour attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.”
Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries.
There are moves to use Artificial Intelligence(AI) to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books, videos and munity radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge.
“While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, parents believe only English is useful for children’s future, insisting that if they don’t speak English, they appear ignorant and don’t belong,” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.”
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了世界上每年都有语言消失,为此有人通过互联网技术来防止语言丧失。
(　　)5.How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss
A.Through national programs.
B.Through word of mouth.
C.Through mass music formats.
D.Through Internet technology.
【答案】 D　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段第一句可知,Precious和Sufi是通过互联网技术来帮助防止语言丧失的。故选D。
(　　)6.What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi
A.Decline in population.
B.Lack of job-market demands.
C.Prejudice against Angika.
D.Absence of formal education.
【答案】 C　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,Sufi认为人们对昂加语的偏见导致了昂加语的衰败。故选C。
(　　)7.What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language
A.Promoting its use.
B.Building community cooperation.
C.Obtaining financial support.
D.Getting advanced recording devices.
【答案】 A　
【解析】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,对于濒危语言,活动人士面临的最大难题是促进其使用。故选A。
(　　)8.What is Precious’ attitude towards the Igbo rescue move
A.Skeptical. B.Positive.
C.Pessimistic. D.Uncaring.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Precious对伊博语的救援行动持积极态度。故选B。
C
(2025·河北唐山二模)
Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you’ll notice that the speakers use a lot of such interjections(感叹词)—huh ,mm-hmm, um and the like—that don’t convey any information about the topic of the conversation itself. For many decades, linguists (语言学家) regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise. But recent research suggests they are essential tools for communication, helping regulate conversation flow and establish understanding between each other.
“Here is this phenomenon that is obvious but barely noticed.” says Mark Dingemanse, a linguist at Radboud University in the Netherlands. “The research turns out to upend our previous ideas about it.” He highlights that interjections serve as “traffic signals” for interaction. For example, an um or uh from the speaker signals that they’re about to pause, but aren’t finished speaking. A quick huh or what from the listener, on the other hand, can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair.
Interjections also serve as “continuers,” such as mm-hmm, which signals active listening and encourages the speaker to proceed. Because mm-hmm is made with a closed mouth, it’s clear that the signaler does not intend to speak.
“Continuers matter to a conversation,” says Dingemanse. In one classic experiment, 34 students listened as another volunteer told them a story. Some gave the usual “I’m listening” signals, while others—who had been instructed to count the number of words beginning with the letter t—were too distracted to do so. The lack of normal signals from the listeners led to stories that were less well crafted. “That shows that these little words are quite consequential,” says Dingemanse.
And interjections also provide a window into interpersonal relationships. “These little markers say so much about what you think.” says Dingemanse. For example, “Do you want to go out for dinner ” is an invitation, and “Oh, so now you want to go out for dinner ” implies disagreement, doubt or a teasing tone.
These little words go right to the heart of language and what it is for. “Language exists because we need to interact with one another,” says B rstell.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了语言学家对 “huh ,mm-hmm, um” 等感叹词的研究。
(　　)9.What did the linguists think of the words like huh ,mm-hmm, um
A.They were speakers’ habits.
B.They were meaningless fillers.
C.They were difficult to understand.
D.They were irrelevant to each other.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知,语言学家过去认为像“huh ,mm-hmm, um”这样的词是无意义的填充词。故选B。
(　　)10.What does the underlined word “upend” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Support. B.Explain.
C.Simplify. D.Challenge.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段中的“But recent research suggests...for communication”以及第二段前两句可知,最近的研究表明它们是交流的重要工具,也就是说这项研究结果颠覆了我们之前对此的看法。因此“upend”应是意为“颠覆,挑战”,与D项意思相近,故选D。
(　　)11.What does the experiment prove
A.Listeners take interjections seriously.
B.The storyteller prefers to use interjections.
C.A smooth conversation rejects interjections.
D.Absence of interjections weakens communication.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In one classic experiment ... that were less well crafted.”可推知,实验证明了感叹词的缺失会削弱交流。故选D。
(　　)12.What can we infer from Paragraph 5
A.Interjections convey attitudes.
B.Interjections are difficult to use.
C.Interjections cause problems.
D.Interjections are grammatically necessary.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的例子可知,感叹词能够传达态度。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·上海闵行二模)
Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the 　 1　 .
People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, 　 2　 , to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity.
Not limited to 　 3　 , iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the
　4　 .
Iconicity also exists in 　 5　 . To explore this, researchers organised a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or 　6　 expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately 　 7　 won the contest.
The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended 　 8　 of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on 　 9　 cultural knowledge.
To test if this phenomenon existed across 　10　, researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and 　11　 their meanings from six written options.
The findings showed 　12　 accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%.
These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language 　13　. Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not 　14　 dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this 　15　, language may never have developed into the complex system we have today.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要探讨了语言中“象似性(iconicity)”的重要性及其在跨文化沟通中的作用,并通过实验证明“象似性”在语言发展和理解中的基础性功能。
(　　)1.A.description B.style
C.interaction D.process
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据前文“how languages developed”可知,此处讨论了语言的发展过程(process),故选D。
(　　)2.A.as a result B.in particular
C.for example D.in other words
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文“act out meanings”可知,此处是前文内容的具体例子,因此 for example符合语境,故选C。
(　　)3.A.objects B.formation
C.understanding D.gesturing
【答案】 D
【解析】 前文“We often use our hands and bodies, 　2　, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects.”提到了用手势(gesturing)来进行表达,故选D。
(　　)4.A.language B.evidence
C.hints D.explanation
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“regardless of”以及后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages”的跨文化实验可知,此处强调象似性脱离语言(language)的限制,故选A。
(　　)5.A.cultures B.sounds
C.labs D.competitions
【答案】 B
【解析】 后文“To explore this, researchers organised a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings”是在描述用声音(sounds)表达意义,故选B。
(　　)6.A.sound-imitating
B.carefully-chosen
C.imaginary
D.shocking
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“like ‘BOOM’ for an explosion”可知,“BOOM”是拟声(sound-imitating)词的举例,故选A。
(　　)7.A.heard B.repeated
C.interpreted D.recorded
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前文“Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options”可知,实验要求听众匹配声音与选项,而声音被读(interpreted)得最准确的选手将获胜,故选C。
(　　)8.A.meanings B.purposes
C.volume D.speed
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据前文“To explore this, researchers organised a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings.”可知,实验的目的是理解声音表达的意义(meanings),故
选A。
(　　)9.A.extensive B.shared
C.traditional D.classic
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文“all the contestants and listeners were English speakers”可知,实验参与者均为英语使用者,实验结果的成功依赖于共同的(shared)文化背景,故选B。
(　　)10.A.cultures B.generations
C.careers D.situations
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后文“researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds”可知,实验内容被翻译成25种语言,因此研究人员测试的是跨文化(cultures)对这种现象是否存在影响,故选A。
(　　)11.A.added B.clarified
C.acquired D.guessed
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据前文“To explore this, researchers organised a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings.”以及“Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds” 可知,研究人员进行了更广泛的网络调查,所做的实验要求从选项中猜测(guessed)声音含义,故选D。
(　　)12.A.similar B.varying
C.satisfactory D.experimental
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文“English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%.”可知,后文数据(74% vs 34%)表明准确率存在差异,即是不同的(varying),故选B。
(　　)13.A.ability B.acquisition
C.evolution D.diversity
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据第一段的“A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed.”可知,全文围绕语言的发展和演变(evolution)展开,故选C。
(　　)14.A.skillfully B.routinely
C.vividly D.entirely
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后文“dependent on specific linguistic knowledge”可推断,此处强调象似性使得个体以不完全(entirely)依赖特定语言知识的方式表达,故选D。
(　　)15.A.knowledge B.ability
C.awareness D.finding
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前文“Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not 　14　 dependent on specific linguistic knowledge.”可知,此处指的是前文提到的象似性作为一种沟通能力(ability),故选B。 UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
题组训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·浙江杭州一模)
A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favourite food is sushi,” I said—wo zui xihuan de shiwu shi shousi.
I had created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up. The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate highly realistic videos of real people “saying” almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of English proficiency among young people in some places.
AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said, “Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart.”
Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profoundly human experience. A language professor emphasises that language learning is actually about understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favour of AI, some educators advocate for emphasising the intercultural aspects of language learning. A linguistics expert points out that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a mystery.
In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that come from human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve.
(　　)1.Why does the author give the example in Paragraph 1
A.To promote the language software.
B.To show off his or her Chinese language skills.
C.To prove learning a language is a wasted effort.
D.To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools.
(　　)2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A.AI translation deserves more attention.
B.Language apps play a key role in marketing.
C.Language translation is far beyond technology.
D.Learning a different language is an uphill battle.
(　　)3.What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage
A.Better digital literacy.
B.Improved translation skills.
C.Deeper cultural confidence.
D.Effective intercultural interaction.
(　　)4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.AI language tools offer convenience.
B.AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture.
C.AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding.
D.AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools.
B
(2025·山东德州一模)
Some of the world’s 7,000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools. A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages.
Tochi Precious, a Nigerian, says, “It pains me to see a language dying off, because it’s not just about the language, but about the history and culture associated with it.” It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo, an endangered African language. Ensuring there’s a substantial record of words and meanings, and how it is written and used is key, according to campaigners like Precious, who aid others in their languages’ protection through the organisation Wikitongues.
Amrit Sufi, an Indian speaking Angika, records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues, too. “It’s urgent to document and make it accessible, not just stored in a library,” she says, “Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry-produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing.They’re ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonour attached to it, seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.”
Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative-language Wikipedia entries. Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries.
There are moves to use Artificial Intelligence(AI) to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots. Many activists create books, videos and munity radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages. Despite such preservation, activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge.
“While Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, parents believe only English is useful for children’s future, insisting that if they don’t speak English, they appear ignorant and don’t belong,” Precious says. “But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.”
(　　)5.How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss
A.Through national programs. B.Through word of mouth.
C.Through mass music formats. D.Through Internet technology.
(　　)6.What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi
A.Decline in population. B.Lack of job-market demands.
C.Prejudice against Angika. D.Absence of formal education.
(　　)7.What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language
A.Promoting its use.
B.Building community cooperation.
C.Obtaining financial support.
D.Getting advanced recording devices.
(　　)8.What is Precious’ attitude towards the Igbo rescue move
A.Skeptical. B.Positive. C.Pessimistic. D.Uncaring.
C
(2025·河北唐山二模)
Listen carefully to a spoken conversation and you’ll notice that the speakers use a lot of such interjections(感叹词)—huh ,mm-hmm, um and the like—that don’t convey any information about the topic of the conversation itself. For many decades, linguists (语言学家) regarded such utterances as largely irrelevant noise. But recent research suggests they are essential tools for communication, helping regulate conversation flow and establish understanding between each other.
“Here is this phenomenon that is obvious but barely noticed.” says Mark Dingemanse, a linguist at Radboud University in the Netherlands. “The research turns out to upend our previous ideas about it.” He highlights that interjections serve as “traffic signals” for interaction. For example, an um or uh from the speaker signals that they’re about to pause, but aren’t finished speaking. A quick huh or what from the listener, on the other hand, can signal a failure of communication that the speaker needs to repair.
Interjections also serve as “continuers,” such as mm-hmm, which signals active listening and encourages the speaker to proceed. Because mm-hmm is made with a closed mouth, it’s clear that the signaler does not intend to speak.
“Continuers matter to a conversation,” says Dingemanse. In one classic experiment, 34 students listened as another volunteer told them a story. Some gave the usual “I’m listening” signals, while others—who had been instructed to count the number of words beginning with the letter t—were too distracted to do so. The lack of normal signals from the listeners led to stories that were less well crafted. “That shows that these little words are quite consequential,” says Dingemanse.
And interjections also provide a window into interpersonal relationships. “These little markers say so much about what you think.” says Dingemanse. For example, “Do you want to go out for dinner ” is an invitation, and “Oh, so now you want to go out for dinner ” implies disagreement, doubt or a teasing tone.
These little words go right to the heart of language and what it is for. “Language exists because we need to interact with one another,” says B rstell.
(　　)9.What did the linguists think of the words like huh ,mm-hmm, um
A.They were speakers’ habits. B.They were meaningless fillers.
C.They were difficult to understand. D.They were irrelevant to each other.
(　　)10.What does the underlined word “upend” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Support. B.Explain. C.Simplify. D.Challenge.
(　　)11.What does the experiment prove
A.Listeners take interjections seriously.
B.The storyteller prefers to use interjections.
C.A smooth conversation rejects interjections.
D.Absence of interjections weakens communication.
(　　)12.What can we infer from Paragraph 5
A.Interjections convey attitudes.
B.Interjections are difficult to use.
C.Interjections cause problems.
D.Interjections are grammatically necessary.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·上海闵行二模)
Language allows us to describe actions, qualities, and relationships in both real and imagined experiences. A key question in linguistics (语言学) is how languages developed. Recent research suggests that iconicity — the connection between form and meaning — may have played a crucial role in the 　1　.
People can’t overcome language barriers and understand each other without iconicity. We often use our hands and bodies, 　2　, to act out meanings, showing the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to forming new symbols is the use of iconicity.
Not limited to 　3　, iconicity appears in visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, and maps all use iconicity to make information easy to understand, regardless of the
　4　 .
Iconicity also exists in 　5　. To explore this, researchers organised a contest where participants recorded sounds to express different meanings. These sounds could not contain actual words or 　6　 expressions like “BOOM” for an explosion. Listeners then tried to match the sounds to a set of written options, and the contestant whose sounds were most accurately 　7　 won the contest.
The results were surprising — listeners successfully identified the intended 　8　 of the sounds. Yet, all the contestants and listeners were English speakers. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on 　9　 cultural knowledge.
To test if this phenomenon existed across 　10　, researchers conducted a broader Internet survey, translating the experiment into 25 languages. Participants from different linguistic backgrounds listened to the sounds and 　11　 their meanings from six written options.
The findings showed 　12　 accuracy levels across different language groups. English speakers had the highest accuracy rate at 74%, while Portuguese speakers scored 34%. Though far from perfect, these results were much higher than the expected chance rate of 8%.
These studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a fundamental role in language 　13　. Iconicity enables individuals to express meanings in ways that are not 　14　 dependent on specific linguistic knowledge. Without this 　15　, language may never have developed into the complex system we have today.
(　　)1.A.description B.style C.interaction D.process
(　　)2.A.as a result B.in particular C.for example D.in other words
(　　)3.A.objects B.formation C.understanding D.gesturing
(　　)4.A.language B.evidence C.hints D.explanation
(　　)5.A.cultures B.sounds C.labs D.competitions
(　　)6.A.sound-imitating B.carefully-chosen
C.imaginary D.shocking
(　　)7.A.heard B.repeated C.interpreted D.recorded
(　　)8.A.meanings B.purposes C.volume D.speed
(　　)9.A.extensive B.shared C.traditional D.classic
(　　)10.A.cultures B.generations C.careers D.situations
(　　)11.A.added B.clarified C.acquired D.guessed
(　　)12.A.similar B.varying C.satisfactory D.experimental
(　　)13.A.ability B.acquisition C.evolution D.diversity
(　　)14.A.skillfully B.routinely C.vividly D.entirely
(　　)15.A.knowledge B.ability C.awareness D.findingUNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS
以读促写
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·湖南衡阳考前冲刺卷)
I am a multisport athlete and seasoned coach.When I was growing up,school wasn’t really my thing,but sport very much was.Athletics connected me to my school community by giving me a sense of belonging and success even when I struggled in the classroom.When I entered education,I knew I wanted to be more than a coach on the field and court—I wanted to help students like me make meaningful connections to school through sports.
I designed a programme that focused on getting students moving.On the first day,I set up a range of equipment for different sports across a field.In groups,students discussed sports that they felt comfortable and safe playing.They then took turns selecting their comfort sports on the field,doing brief introductions,and playing with their groups.Afterwards,we had a class discussion on the importance of doing things that bring joy and passion,and how sharing that passion with others motivates us and the people around us to improve health.
On the second day,with the same field design and sporting equipment,I introduced the idea of stretch zones.Students formed the same groups as on the first day and discussed which sports were out of their comfort zone and more challenging to them.Some of my students were shy and others slightly frustrated as they struggled to perform the skills in sports in which they were not comfortable.Then we discussed,as a class,how even when something is challenging,if we recognise the difficulty and intentionally practice,we give ourselves the opportunity to overcome it over time and keep healthy and fun in the long-term.
The programme required more than just adjusting my curriculum—it also meant some changes to the way I taught.I found myself opening up to my students and sharing my own hardships and successes with them.As a result,my students felt freer to be their real selves.
(　　)1.What did the author think of sport when he was a student
A.It appealed mainly to seniors.
B.It led to a decline in his grades.
C.It helped him get attached to school.
D.It made him struggle in the classroom.
(　　)2.Why did the author design the programme
A.To test some sports equipment. B.To prepare students for a meet.
C.To push students to observe rules. D.To bond students and the school.
(　　)3.What was a problem the author faced on the second day of the programme
A.Some students feared challenges.
B.It was difficult to group students.
C.Students wanted material rewards.
D.The sports field became crowded.
(　　)4.What can we infer about the author
A.He loves telling jokes. B.He is a creative teacher.
C.He used to be very shy. D.He is fond of safe sports.
Ⅱ.七选五
(时文 《China Daily》)
Many factors in our life can lead to anxiety and stress.Luckily,there are several simple ways of relieving stress.Most of these steps are responsible for the improvement of your overall health as well.1.　　　 Physical activity leads to a lowering of the overall stress levels and it also improves your quality of life both physically and mentally.
Any physical activity improves the capability of your body to use oxygen and it also leads to better blood flow.2.　　　 Exercise increases the production of endorphins (内啡肽) in the brain.The endorphins are responsible for the “feel good” effect you feel and they also provide you with the much-desired “runner’s high”.In simple terms,it is the sense of well-being people receive after performing the exercise.
3.　　　 How do you choose the best physical activity for your exercise There is no need for you to be an outstanding athlete or a long-distance runner to achieve stress relief.For instance, you can perform some aerobic exercise (有氧运动) such as jogging and dancing.4.　　　 Doctors can help you develop an effective and safe exercise routine while taking into account your fitness level and the conditions you are suffering from.
Keep in mind that any kind of exercise will improve your fitness and reduce stress levels.You can also combine the activities till you have found the most enjoyable one.If you do not enjoy going near the water,never take swimming as a form of exercise.If the thoughts of running result in making you anxious,do not choose to train for a 5-kilometre race.5.　　
A.Diet and exercise are proven equally important.
B.There are many ways to meet your exercise target.
C.One of the best strategies to reduce stress is exercise.
D.Both these things lead to a direct good effect on the brain.
E.Besides,it is also a good idea to consult your doctor for guidance.
F.It is necessary for you to make plans to form a healthy exercise habit.
G.Therefore,be sure to select an activity that you enjoy rather than fear.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(期刊 《国家地理》)
Doing morning exercises is a daily routine in every Chinese kindergarten and school.For the grown-ups,however,familiar schoolyards have already been replaced 1.　　　　 public parks.
The morning scenes in central parks around China are lively.At every corner of the park,you can also see people 2.　　　　(practise) many kinds of sports: square dancing,badminton and so on.
But the most eye-catching groups in the park are the so-called “Kung Fu Grandpas/Grannies”, 3.　　　　 videos have gone viral on the Internet.Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started exercising after their 4.　　　　(retire).They say age is just a number when it comes to fitness.
The 5.　　　　(benefit) of exercise are endless:A healthier body together with a 6.　　　　 (happy) mood.No matter how old they are or when during the day they exercise,they will always strengthen the body.
Social connection is also what the elderly seek during their morning workout.Feng,who is seventy-two years old,plays Taijiquan 7.　　　　(serious) every day.He 8.　　　　 (keep) this exercise routine for six years and now he is managing an online group of over 200 members who share 9.　　　　 same hobby.
“What I like about this place is that newcomers are always welcome.Everyone in the park feels10.　　　　(include),” said Feng.It is like a chorus of life.
1.focus on专注于;集中于
2.get sb moving使某人动起来
3.improve health改善健康
4.keep healthy and fun保持健康和有趣
5.long-term长期的;长远的
6.lead to导致;通向
7.effective and safe exercise routine有效且安全的日常锻炼
8.strengthen the body增强体质;强身健体
1.lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
2.work out 锻炼;计算出;解决
3.mental strength精神力量
4.never give up永不放弃
5.worry about担心;担忧
6.make a difference有作用或影响
7.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
8.be positive about 对……持积极态度
9.become both happier and healthier变得更快乐、更健康
1.我不仅增强了体质,而且对生活也变得更加积极。(not only倒装句)
2.正是精神力量和永不放弃的态度对减重起着重要作用。(强调句)
3.锻炼是一种有效且安全的身体活动形式,它可以帮助个人增强体质。(which引导定语从句)
4.摒弃不健康的习惯对于变得更快乐、更健康至关重要。(it作形式主语)
你校正在举办以“课间慢跑有益健康”为主题的英语征文比赛,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.对慢跑的认识;
2.你的一次慢跑经历及感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
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