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沪教版八年级下册Unit 7 Space exploration 笔试新题型A篇（含答案）
学校：__________班级：__________姓名：_________ 考号：___________
一、项目情境
（1）
阅读以下关于航天员空间站生活与工作的介绍，请根据同学们的描述匹配对应内容，将选项 A-F 填入对应位置，选项中有一项为多余选项。（共 5 小题；每题 2 分）
A. Astronauts carry out scientific tests and collect data in space, which helps us learn more about the universe. B. Doing physical training every day in space is necessary, as it stops astronauts from losing muscle strength. C. Extravehicular（舱外的）activities require astronauts to move cautiously（谨慎地） because any small error could pose a threat to safety. D. Sleeping in fixed sleeping bags keeps astronauts from floating around and bumping（碰撞）into objects at night. E. Astronauts can pick from various foods in space, such as meat, fruit, and drinks, making meals enjoyable.F. Taking photos of the Earth from space lets astronauts enjoy amazing views of our planet. 1. Wang Lei learns that astronauts fix their sleeping bags to the wall to avoid moving around while sleeping.2. Li Ling knows that astronauts do sports every day to keep their muscles strong in zero gravity.3. Zhang Hao finds that astronauts have different kinds of food to eat, not just a single type of food.4. Chen Yu reads that astronauts walk outside the station very carefully to avoid any mistakes.5. Liu Jia learns that astronauts do research work to get useful information for space study.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
（2）
阅读以下关于中国太空探索成就的介绍，请根据同学们的描述匹配对应内容，将选项 A-F 填入对应位置，选项中有一项为多余选项。（共 5 小题；每题 2 分）
A. China’s orbital outpost（前哨站） Tiangong can be seen without special tools from the Earth’s surface. B. Tianzhou cargo spaceships send fuel, tools and daily items to astronauts on the space station regularly. C. Shenzhou manned spacecraft send Chinese astronauts to live and work on the Tiangong space station. D. China’s positioning network BDS helps people find locations and send messages in areas without mobile signals. E. Long March rockets provide strong power for launching China’s space vehicles into space. F. Tianwen probe makes China complete Mars orbiting and landing successfully for the first time. 1. Zhou Jia knows that Chinese spaceships bring daily supplies and fuel to the space station astronauts.2. Wu Ting learns that China’s satellite system helps with positioning and text messaging in remote（偏远的）areas.3. Xu Lei reads that Chinese crewed spaceships send taikonauts to the Tiangong outpost for space tasks.4. Sun Qian finds that China’s Mars probe finished orbiting and landing on Mars in one mission.5. Gao Yang learns that people can see China’s space station with their own eyes on clear nights.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
（3）
阅读以下关于太空垃圾与未来太空探索的介绍，请根据同学们的描述匹配对应内容，将选项 A-F 填入对应位置，选项中有一项为多余选项。（共 5 小题；每题 2 分）
A. Orbital debris moves fast in space, so it can damage satellites and spaceships easily. B. Living on Mars is possible in the future, though its environment is cold and lacks oxygen. C. Scientists are trying new ways to clear space junk and make space travel safer.D. Space stations are perfect places for long-term space research and long-term human habitation.E. Exploring space helps humans find new resources and expand our living space. F. Small pieces of space junk may fall back to the Earth and pose risks to living things. 1. Li Na learns that tiny space objects fly quickly and can damage space equipment.2. Zhang Tao knows that scientists are finding methods to clean waste in space. 3. Wang Hong reads that humans may live on Mars in the future despite its hard environment.4. Zhao Bin finds that space waste may drop to the Earth and threaten people’s safety.5. Qian Yu learns that space exploration helps humans get new resources and develop further.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
二、读写综合
（1）
阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
Radiation Protection for Astronauts in Space
Space radiation（辐射）is a hidden danger that astronauts have to face during long-term space missions. Unlike the Earth, space has no thick atmosphere to block harmful rays from the sun and deep space, so astronauts need full protection to stay safe.
Scientists have designed special materials for spaceships and space station modules. These thick and strong materials can stop most harmful radiation from reaching the inside of the spacecraft and space station modules. Spacesuits used for spacewalks also have multiple protective layers, which work as a safe shield（防护屏障）for astronauts’ bodies.
Besides equipment protection, astronauts also take scientific medicine and follow special living regulations to reduce the harmful effects of radiation. Ground researchers keep monitoring radiation levels around the space station at all times, and adjust work plans immediately when risks appear.
Radiation protection technology is developing rapidly with China’s space exploration. It has become a key part of keeping astronauts healthy and making long-distance space travel possible in the future.
1. Why is space radiation more dangerous in space than on Earth
2. What is the function of the special materials used on spaceships
3. What extra measures do astronauts take to fight against radiation
4. Who keeps monitoring radiation levels around the space station
5. How will radiation protection make future space travel possible
（2）
阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
Space Astronomical Observation in China’s Space Missions
Observing the universe is much clearer from space than from Earth because there is neither air pollution nor atmospheric disturbances to block the view. China has carried out many astronomical observation tasks in recent space projects.
Astronauts on the Tiangong Space Station use professional telescopes and cameras to take photos of galaxies, stars and other celestial（天体的）bodies. They collect a large amount of clear data and send it back to ground laboratories for scientists to study.
These space observation results help humans learn more about the birth of stars, the movement of planets and the mysteries of black pared with ground observatories, space observation can capture more details and discover more unknown objects in the universe.
China will keep developing space astronomical equipment and launching more special observation satellites. It will help human beings unlock more secrets of the vast（浩瀚的）universe step by step.
1. Where is astronomical observation clearer, in space or on Earth
2. What tools do astronauts use for space observation
3. How do space observation results help scientists
4. What advantages does space observation have over ground observatories
5. What celestial mystery do you most want to solve through space observation
（3）
阅读短文，掌握大意，并回答以下问题。（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
Exploring Clean Energy in Outer Space
With the development of space technology, scientists are turning their attention to exploring clean energy in outer space. Space solar energy has become one of the most promising（有前景的）research directions in recent years.
Space solar power stations can collect sunlight without being influenced by night, clouds or seasons. The solar energy received in space is much stronger and more stable than that received on Earth. Scientists are designing special satellites to capture solar energy and send it to the Earth in the form of microwaves.
This new kind of clean energy will not produce any pollution or waste. It can help solve the energy shortage problem on Earth and reduce environmental damage caused by traditional fuels.
China has carried out early research on space solar energy and made important progress. In the future, space energy will become a new power to support the sustainable development of human society.
1. What has become a promising clean energy research direction in space
2. Why is space solar energy stronger and more stable than Earth’s solar energy
3. How will space solar energy be sent back to the Earth
4. What environmental problems can space solar energy help solve
5. What do you expect space clean energy will bring to our daily life
三、语篇填词
（1）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
Our school’s space science club holds interesting activities every week to help students learn more about the universe. Last Friday, we invited a space expert to give us a talk about the secrets of s (1) and daily life in space.
The expert told us that astronauts never make mistakes because they have to be extremely careful with everything. They also keep a regular daily routine and never forget to exercise. To keep their bodies strong, astronauts often exercise in the g (2) to protect their m (3) from becoming weak in zero gravity.
During the talk, we also watched a video of rockets taking off. The expert said that no one can a (4) any small error in space tasks, so every step must be checked many times. At the end of the activity, we all hoped to support the space program by learning science well in the future. It t (5) out that space science is the most interesting subject in our eyes.
（2）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
Human beings have never stopped exploring the universe, and we can watch many stars and spacecraft with our n (1) eyes on clear evenings. Man-made s (2) are important helpers for us to learn about space, and they work for space research every day.
Scientists work in the l (3) for a long time to analyze data from space. The amount of space junk is increasing these years, and it may hit or even d (4) our space tools if we do not protect the space environment well.
We believe that with more efforts, humans will make more p (5) in space exploration. At every important point of space development, we keep moving forward and uncover more amazing secrets of the universe.
（3）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
China’s Tiangong space station needs plenty of supplies to keep working well. Cargo spaceships play an important role in d (1) necessary things to the astronauts in space.
Scientists carefully s (2) the best supplies, including food, f (3) and daily tools before launching. Astronauts work in the l (4) every day to do different scientific experiments. They usually stay in space for a w (5) and finish all tasks with great care.
The average temperature in space is very low, but astronauts never give up. Their hard work pushes China’s space exploration to develop faster and better, and they set a good example for young space lovers.
四、语法填空
（1）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
Life on the Tiangong Space Station is full of challenges and surprises. The weightless environment brings lots of difficulties to astronauts’ daily life and work. When the first group of Chinese astronauts (1) (reach) the station in 2021, they had made full preparations for the special space life for more than three years.
They learned to live (2) gravity, do scientific experiments and even perform spacewalks. In the weightless environment, they need to exercise at least two hours every day (3) (stay) healthy and avoid muscle loss. They take good care of their bodies and finish all difficult tasks (4) (brave) every day.
All their hard work and strong spirit are for (5) (China) space dream. They are the heroes of our country and set a great example for millions of young people who love space science.
（2）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
Space junk has been one of (1) (big) problems in global space exploration for a long time. With more spacecraft and satellites launched into space, the amount of space junk is increasing rapidly. It (2) (bring) hidden risks to working spacecraft and satellites since the first space launch in history.
Scientists from different countries are trying their best (3) (find) useful and creative ways to clean and reduce space junk. The more efforts we put into space protection, the (4) (good) our space environment will be for future missions.
(5) is necessary for all countries to work together and protect the common space home of human beings.
（3）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
Many excellent Chinese astronauts (1) (honour) by the whole nation for their great work in space exploration. They devote their time and energy to our country’s space program and make great achievements. Nie Haisheng is one of the most famous astronauts, and he (2) (complete) three challenging space missions successfully.
He keeps a positive and strong attitude even in the hardest space environment, and his inspiring story tells us that nothing is impossible (3) we keep trying and never give up.
His spirit and stories have influenced (4) (million) of teenagers around the country, pushing them to study science hard and fight for (5) (they) space dreams bravely.
参考答案
一、项目情境
（1）1. D 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. A
（2）1. B 2. D 3. C 4. F 5. A
（3）1. A 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. E
二、读写综合
（1）
1. Because space has no thick atmosphere to block harmful rays from the sun and deep space.
2. They can stop most harmful radiation from reaching the inside of spaceships and space station modules.
3. They take scientific medicine and follow special living regulations.
4. Ground researchers keep monitoring radiation levels at all times.
5. It will guarantee the safety of long-duration space missions and deep-space exploration for astronauts.
（2）
1. Astronomical observation is much clearer in space.
2. They use professional telescopes and cameras.
3. They help scientists learn more about the birth of stars, planet movement and black hole mysteries.
4. It can capture more details and discover more unknown celestial objects.
5. I most want to solve the mystery of whether there is life on other planets.
（3）
1. Space solar energy has become one of the most promising research directions in space.
2. Because it is not influenced by night, clouds or seasons.
3. Special satellites send it to Earth in the form of microwaves.
4. It helps solve energy shortage and reduce pollution from traditional fuels.
5. I expect it will provide cheap and clean electricity for every family.
三、语篇填词
（1）1. spaceflight 2. gym 3. muscles 4. afford 5. turns
（2）1. naked 2. satellites 3. lab 4. destroy 5. progress
（3）1. delivering 2. select 3. fuel 4. lab 5. while
四、语法填空
（1）1. reached 2. without 3. to stay 4. bravely 5. China’s
（2）1. the biggest 2. has brought 3. to find 4. better 5. It
（3）1. are honoured 2. has completed 3. if 4. millions 5. their
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