资源简介

(共35张PPT)
Unit 1　
Honesty and responsibility
Section 3　Grammar and usage
Overview of adverbial clauses
1. Review adverbial clauses；
2. Try to use this grammatical rules correctly；
3. Figure out the meanings of some important expressions.
Activity 1　Exploring the rules
规则探究
定义(Definition)：在一个句子中，用来修饰实义动词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词或整个句子的成分，叫作状语。能充当状语的成分包括：副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句。状语的位置灵活，但是放在句首或句末的情况居多。如果放在句首，通常用逗号隔开。在复合句中，起状语作用的从句叫状语从句(adverbial clauses)，用来修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，以说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、让步等，该句子常用连词引导。
Ⅰ 判断下列句子是何种状语从句
1. When I was at school，I loved history.________________
2. You can go anywhere you like.________________
3. He was punished only because he broke the law.________________
4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.________________
5. We arrived so early in the morning that we caught the first train. ________________
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
6. If you heat water，it will become vapour.________________
7. Even though he is poor，she loves him.________________
8. He speaks English as well as you do.________________
9. The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.____________
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
Ⅱ 用适当的连词完成句子
1．Children should be instructed to put things _________ they belong in early childhood.
2．Strange _____________ it might sound，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
3．However you start，remember there is no better time to start than right now，for you’ll never be more alive ________ you are at this moment.
4．____________ safety always comes first，please queue up in lines to enter the hall orderly and do not push each other.
where
as/though
than
As/Since
5．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won’t bother to see it，or I’ll wait ______________ it comes out on the Internet.
6．I’m sorry you have been waiting so long，but it will still be some time __________ you can get your passport.
7．She was looking for her bicycle key ____________ she thought she might have put it.
8．___________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.
till/until
before
wherever
As/When
9．_________________________ birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.
10．The fear is that ______ we don’t start taking the litter out of the sky soon，it will become a significant threat to active satellites.
11．The games my parents taught me ________ I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
12．Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion __________ he wants their support.
While/Though/Although
if
when
unless
Ⅲ 用适当的连词完成短文
My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1. _________ I was doing my school assignments. No sooner had I finished my homework 2. ________ the doorbell rang. However，my sister unlocked the door 3. __________ I could open it. We were surprised the moment we saw her 4. ___________ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.
5. ____________ we didn’t know what had happened to her，we stood there and waited for my sister’s story. We wouldn’t leave 6. __________ my sister told us all about it. 7. _________ my sister got changed，
while
than
before
because
Since/As
unless
After
she told us that she fell into a ditch(沟) 8. ________ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle’s home in the countryside. She couldn’t get out of the ditch. 9. _______________________ she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it，but 10. ___________ hard she tried，she failed to escape from it. 11. ______ time went by，she got worried.
After several vain attempts she had to stand 12. _________ she was and waited 13. _________ a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did 14. ______ the boy told，and she came out.
when
Although/Though/While
however
As
where
until
as
根据上面练习，可以总结状语从句包含以下几种类型：
1. 时间状语从句在复合句中充当时间状语，用来说明主句动作发生的时间。
2. 让步状语从句，主要表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等让步含义，在句子中用来强调主句内容与从句内容之间的对比和让步关系。
3. 条件状语从句说明主句动作发生的条件，即在什么情况下主句的动作会发生。
Activity 2　Working out the rules
归纳总结
4. 原因状语从句说明主句动作发生的原因。
5. 结果状语从句用于说明主句动作所产生的结果。
6. 目的状语从句用于说明主句动作发生的目的，强调动作实施的意图。
7. 地点状语从句在复合句中用来说明主句动作发生的地点或位置。
8. 方式状语从句用于说明主句动作发生的方式、方法或状态，回答“如何、怎样”等问题。
各种状语从句的常见引导词参见下图：
Ⅰ 完成句子
1. ______________________(当我正在做饭时)，the telephone rang.
2. We will go to the park ___________________________________(如果明天天气好).
3. He didn’t go to bed __________________________________(直到他完成作业).
4. _____________________(因为他生病了)，he didn’t come to school.
5．She speaks English ___________________(如此流利以至于) many people think she is a native speaker.
Activity 3　Applying the rules
规则应用
When I was cooking
if the weather is fine tomorrow
until he finished his homework
Because he was ill
so fluently that
6. ___________________(无论你做什么)，you should try your best.
7. I will tell him the news ________________________(我一见到他).
8. _____________________________(虽然他很年轻)，he knows a lot about computers.
9. We study hard __________________________________________(为了我们能上好大学).
10. ___________________(随着春天的到来)，the weather is getting warmer and warmer.
11. He will not pass the exam __________________________(除非他努力学习).
Whatever you do
as soon as I see him
Although he is very young
so that we can go to a good university
As spring comes
unless he studies hard
12. ____________________(即使下雨)，we will still go hiking.
13. She has been living here _______________________________(自从她来到这个城市).
14. ____________________________(无论多晚)，he always reads for an hour before sleep.
15. ____________________(在你离开之前)，please turn off the lights.
16. He behaves ________________________(好像他是个国王).
17. _______________________________(既然你知道了真相)，you can make your own decision.
18. _______________________(只要你需要我)，I will be there for you.
Even if it rains
since she came to this city
No matter how late it is
Before you leave
as if he were a king
Now that you know the truth
As long as you need me
Ⅱ 翻译句子
1．虽然他很累，但他仍然继续工作。
Although he was very tired，he still continued working.
2．她说话声音很大，以便每个人都能听到。
She spoke loudly so that everyone could hear her.
3．除非你告诉我真相，否则我不会帮你。
Unless you tell me the truth，I won’t help you.
4．无论你去哪里，我都会想念你。
Wherever you go，I will miss you.
5．他跑得如此之快，以至于我跟不上他。
He ran so fast that I couldn’t keep up with him.
6．当会议正在进行的时候他进了房间。
He entered the room while the meeting was going on.
7．既然你已经完成了作业，你可以去玩了。
Since you have finished your homework，you can go to play.
8．即使遇到困难，我们也不应该放弃。
Even if we meet with difficulties，we shouldn’t give up.
9．她像她妈妈一样教英语。
She teaches English as her mother does.
10．只要你坚持下去，你终会成功。
As long as you keep on，you will finally succeed.
11．他直到完成工作才回家。
He didn’t go home until he finished his work.
12．无论他说什么，我都不会相信他。
Whatever he says，I won’t believe him.
Ⅰ 词条讲解
1．core adj. 核心的；最重要的 n. 核心，最重要的部分
【原句】The geophysicist Huang Danian，who practised core socialist values，is a good example.(page 6) 地球物理学家黄大年就是这样一位楷模，他践行了社会主义核心价值观。
【拓展】
core subjects 核心科目
to the core 完全地
at the core of sth 处于某事物的中心，成为某事物的核心
Activity 4　Core vocabulary breakthrough
核心词汇突破
【即学即练】完成句子
①他是个地地道道的美国人。
He is American _______________．
②让我们进入争论的核心。
Let’s get to _______________ the argument.
③这个概念是她理论的核心。
This concept is _______________________ her theory.
to the core
the core of
at the very core of
2．resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去
【原句】Eventually he resigned his post in the UK... (page 6) 最终，他辞去了在英国的职务……
【拓展】
resign vt. & vi.→resignation n. 辞职；辞职信；顺从，听任
resign oneself to... 顺从……，听任……
【即学即练】完成句子
①他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。
He has _______________________ the fact that he will lose the job.
②这个队不甘心被打败。
The team refused to resign themselves to __________________．
resigned himself to
being defeated
3．substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的
【原句】Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to his country.(page 6) 黄大年在工作中表现出色并为国家作出了重大贡献。
【拓展】
substantial adj.→substance n. 物质；要点
in substance实质上，本质上
【即学即练】单句填空
He regularly donates ______________(substance)sums of money to local charities.
substantial
4．guilty adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
【原句】I was feeling guilty... (page 7) 我感到内疚……
【拓展】
guilty adj.→guilt n. 内疚；罪行
be guilty of... 犯有……罪
feel guilty about对……感到内疚
【即学即练】单句填空
①The man was proved guilty ______ murder.
②I feel so guilty _________ forgetting her birthday.
of
about
5．ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
【原句】I was so ashamed of myself.(page 7) 我为自己感到极为羞愧。
【拓展】
ashamed adj.→shame n. 羞耻，羞愧；耻辱
→shameful adj.丢脸的，可耻的
be ashamed of... 为……感到羞愧
be ashamed that... 对……感到惭愧
【即学即练】单句填空
①I felt so ashamed ______ myself for making a big deal.
②He was ashamed ________ he had some careless mistakes.
of
that
6．forgive vt. & vi.(forgave，forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
【原句】I hope my fans can forgive me.(page 7) 我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。
【拓展】
forgive and forget 不念旧恶，既往不咎
forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事
【即学即练】单句填空/完成句子
①I don’t think she’s ever quite ____________(forgive) me for getting her name wrong that time.
②他不是一个容易原谅别人的人。
He is not a man _______________________．(使用定语从句)
forgiven
who forgives easily
Ⅱ 短语讲解
bear the burden of承担重任
【原句】Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility... (page 6) 每一代人中都有愿意承担重任的人……
【拓展】
bear(bore，born/borne) v．承受(重量)；承担(责任)；忍受，承受(常用于疑问句、否定句，与can/could连用，bear to do/doing)
bear... in mind 记住……
take on/carry/reduce/share the burden承受/担负/减少/分担重担
burden sb/oneself with sth 装载……；使……负担……
be burdened with... 负重；为……所累
【即学即练】完成句子
①驾驶员必须牢记交通规则，以确保所有道路使用者的安全。
Drivers must _____________________________ to ensure safety for all road users.
②尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。
There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I’ll ___________________________．
bear traffic rules in mind
take on/bear the burden
Finish B1 and B2 on page 7 of the textbook.
Assignment
作业

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