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(共34张PPT)
Unit 3
Careers and skills
Section 3　Grammar and usage
Overview of noun clauses
1. Review noun clauses；
2. Try to use these linking words correctly；
3. Figure out the meanings of some important expressions.
Activity 1　Exploring the rules
规则探究
定义(Definition)：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(noun clauses)。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
研读下列例句，用横线画出句中的名词性从句并说明其语法成分
1. What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. ____________
主语从句
2. Whoever commits a crime can never escape from being punished. ____________
3. He asked me whose pronunciation in English was the best in the class. ____________
4. The humble apartment is where the great writer once lived. ____________
5．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that why you had a few days off？____________
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
表语从句
6. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.____________
7. Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.______________
8. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see whether it would get any better.____________
9. What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.____________
10. The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.____________
表语从句
同位语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
表语从句
1. 名词性从句分为________从句、________从句、________从句和__________从句。
2. 名词性从句的语序——陈述语序。
3．主语从句
(1) 主语从句可以由 that 引导，that 在从句中不充当任何成分。如：
That teaching is an important job is known to all.
Activity 2　Working out the rules
归纳总结
主语
宾语
表语
同位语
(2) 主语从句也可以由whether或what、when、where等疑问词引导，what在从句中用作主语或宾语。如：
Whether it will rain or not does not matter much.
What needs to be done must be done right away.
When the job interview will be held has not been decided yet.
Where the meeting will be held is still under discussion.
(3) it用作形式主语时，主语从句置于句末。如：
It surprises everyone that he can sing so well.
4．宾语从句
(1) 宾语从句可由that引导，that在从句中不充当任何成分，常可以省略。如果有两个或多个并列的宾语从句，则只能省略第一个宾语从句中的that。如：
Tell him (that) he needn’t worry and that I will help him out.
(2) 句中含有宾语补足语时，常用形式宾语it代替宾语从句，宾语从句则置于宾语补足语之后。如：
They want to make it clear that language is an important tool.
5．表语从句
表语从句可由that引导，也可由whether或what、when、where等疑问词引导。如：
The truth is that teenagers work harder than you might imagine.
Mr White thinks the proposal is useless，and that’s where I don’t agree.
6．同位语从句
同位语从句可由that、whether或what、when、where等疑问词引导。常接同位语从句的名词有belief、conclusion、decision、doubt、evidence、fact、feeling、hope、idea、impression、message、news、order、possibility、promise、question、truth等。如：
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go abroad.
They had no idea what was to become of them.
注意：
(1) 关于同位语从句有以下两个重点：
①同位语从句的连接词只有that，没有which；
②同位语从句和定语从句的区别(很容易混淆)：
a．句子成分方面：
that引导的同位语从句，从句本身完整，不缺成分；
that引导的定语从句，从句本身不完整，缺成分。
b．作用方面：
that引导的同位语从句起解释、说明作用；
that引导的定语从句起限定、修饰作用。
(2) that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中都要充当一定的句子成分。
(3) 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用。但是，以下几种情况只能用whether：
①当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether，不用if；
②引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时，只用whether；
③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只用whether。
(4) “疑问词＋ever”引导名词性从句时，有词意，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。当句子有“无论……”的含义时，就必须加上ever。如“无论是谁”，就得用whoever，而不用who。
7．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示：
引导词 功能
连词 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义，只起连接作用
whether，if 在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”
because，as if/though 在从句中不充当句子成分，意为“因为”、“好像”
引导词 功能
连接代词 who(ever)，whom(ever)，what(ever)，whose，which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中做主语、宾语或表语；whom(ever)在从句中做宾语；which(ever)在从句中做主语、宾语；whose在从句中做定语
连接副词 when(ever)，where(ever)，why，how(ever) 在从句中做状语
Ⅰ 辨别下列名词性从句的具体类型
1. Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it. ____________
2. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. ____________
3. Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ____________
4. The notice that we will have a sports meeting excites all of us. ______________
5. She said that the book was very interesting and that she would lend it to me. ______________________
Activity 3　Applying the rules
规则应用
表语从句
主语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
宾语从句；宾语从句
Ⅱ 用适当的连词填空
1．You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of _________ you think your real interests lie.
2．Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of _________ had never before been published.
3．Many young people，most of ________ were well educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
where
which
whom
4．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar，Confucius，_______ lived roughly from 551 BC to 479 BC，influenced the development of chopsticks.
5．_______________________ online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.
6．We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so that we can book a room for him.
who
Though/Although/While
when
7．It was believed ________ on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collectors good harvest.
8．For ten years，there was no evidence ________ this figure existed.
9．There’s no doubt ________ more sleep is a good thing，but just how does more sleep result in better thinking during the day
10．The ideal nap depends on ________ you want from that nap.
that
that
that
what
Ⅲ 用适当的连接词完成短文
Dr Steward can often be found wandering dark streets，carrying his medical bag. It is easy to find out 1. ________ he is doing. He is giving the animals，or rather the pets kept by the homeless，some help. He believes he can deal with most of the cases he meets with and 2. ________ he can’t turn anybody who needs assistance away. But occasionally，some people wonder 3. ___________ or not the homeless should have pets. In Steward’s opinion，pets deserve to be kept by 4. ___________ loves them.
what
that
whether
whoever
It is true 5. ________ the homeless deserve pets because they love their pets probably more than the average people. Besides，there’s one more impressing reason. Raising a cat or dog is 6. ________ they really need. 7. ____________ pet serves as a good partner can help remove the owner’s loneliness. Therefore，Steward has a suggestion 8. ________ the homeless should be allowed to have pets. After all，when it comes to keeping pets，what matters is 9. _______ needs a pet and can take care of it rather than 10. ____________ the pet is kept.
that
what
Whichever
that
who
how/where
Ⅰ 词条讲解
1．commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的
【原句】Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family，or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success.(page 34) 还有一个好处是，你能够更好地养活自己和家人，如果你取得了商业上的成功，甚至能让经济受益。
Activity 4　Core vocabulary breakthrough
核心词汇突破
【拓展】
commercial adj.→commerce n．(尤指国际间的)贸易；商业；商务→commercialize vt.(尤指不择手段地)利用……牟利；商业化
【即学即练】单句填空
①Each company is fighting to protect its own _____________(commerce) interests.
②He said he does not plan to ________________(commerce) the design，but hopes that a company can begin that process.
commercial
commercialize
2．budget n. 预算
【原句】For instance，you will have to work out weekly，monthly and yearly budgets，and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people’s jobs on the line.(page 34) 例如，你将必须制定每周、每月和每年的预算，一个错误的决定可能会使公司蒙受巨大损失，而且可能让他人工作不保。
【拓展】
within/over budget 未超出/超出预算
a tight budget 预算紧张
【即学即练】完成句子
我这次旅行预算比较紧张，所以除非航空公司降低票价，否则我是不会坐飞机的。
______________________________________，so I’m not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket prices.
I have a tight budget for the trip
3．subjective adj. 主观的
【原句】Do not rely on your subjective judgement.(page 35) 不要依赖你的主观判断。
【拓展】
subjective adj.→subject adj. 服从于 n. 主题；科目 vt. 使顺从
subjective case 主格
take a subjective view of... 对……持主观看法
be subject to... 受制于……，易受……影响
【即学即练】单句填空/完成句子
①我们知道，艺术品位是个主观问题。
We know that taste in art is a ______________(subject) matter.
②由于有雾，航班可能会延误。
Flights __________________ delay because of the fog.
subjective
are subject to
Ⅱ 短语讲解
weigh up权衡，斟酌
【原句】You may have a brilliant idea，but before you decide to put it into action，it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of this option.(page 34) 也许你有一个很棒的想法，但在你决定付诸行动之前，权衡一下这个选择的利弊是明智之举。
【拓展】
weigh sb down 使烦恼，使焦虑
weigh out sth 称出(一定重量的东西)
【即学即练】完成句子/翻译句子
①在做最终决定之前权衡利弊很重要。
It is important ___________________________ before the final decision is made.
②他由于内疚而心神不定。
He is weighed down with guilt.
to weigh up the pros and cons
微写作(必须使用1—2个名词性从句)
你校组织了以“读书、进步”为主题的“英语读书月”活动，请你根据下面信息写一篇短文，介绍你们班的“读书明星”李华同学。要点如下：
Assignment
作业
姓名：李华 性别：女 年龄：17 班级：高二(6)班
特点：
1. 积极参加“读书月”活动，喜欢阅读英文报纸、杂志和原著；
2. 有良好的读书习惯和方法，已写了三本读书笔记；
3. 很好合作，乐于助人。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
获奖情况：
1. 学校“模拟联合国(Model UN)”辩论赛一等奖；
2. 省中学生英语演讲比赛第一名。
感言：阅读使人进步，英语让我快乐！
【答案】 Li Hua，a 17-year-old girl from Class 6，Senior 2，loves reading books，such as English magazines，newspapers and even original English novels and has made 3 copies of notes，which shows her proper reading methods and good habits. She is always ready to tell her fellow classmates how they can improve their reading.
In this “Reading and Progress” activity，she won the first prize in the debate of Model UN and the first place in the Provincial Middle School Students English Speech Contest.
“Reading can make me progress and English can make me happy！” That is what she has learnt from reading.

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