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/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末复习考点培优鲁教版（五四学制）
专题15 阅读理解（多小题）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
When teaching, always assume the worst! No, that’s not some world-weary call to pessimism, but actually a positive strategy for supporting students in the classroom. Consider the problems that can arise when you don’t do this, and instead take as your starting assumption that things are probably, basically okay:
Teacher: Did you get on all right with the homework questions
Student: Er, yes…
Teacher: Are there any you want to go through
Student: Er, no—it’s fine…
What’s going on here The student clearly feels that “yes” is the expected answer to the first question, but having said that, they’re then more or less forced into answering “no” to the second. Any problems they might have experienced are buried and consequently go unresolved.
A much better approach is to assume the worst, to the point of setting up failure as the starting point. Then, if necessary, the student can be in the happy position of bringing you good news, which gives the impression of placing them in a more powerful position. Let’s imagine that same exchange again:
Teacher: Those homework questions were hard. Did you manage any of them
Student: Yes, I did the first one, but I couldn’t do any of the others.
Teacher: Okay—do you want to go through the others
Student: Yes, please.
This time, we’ve made it easy for the student to admit their difficulties. There’s no pretense around everything being fine when it isn’t, and no shame in the student admitting to having problems, as that’s clearly the teacher’s starting assumption.
It takes no longer to frame things this way round, but makes it so much easier for the student to be honest. Paradoxically, it’s also much more positive in that the student is constantly exceeding the teacher’s expectations— “You managed question one Well done! Now, let’s look at the others…”
Every counsellor knows that if they ask a client “Did you have a good week ”, they’re more likely to get a positive response, because it’s a leading question that doesn’t communicate a strong interest in hearing the truth. Instead, a more neutral question like “How was your week ” is much more likely to elicit an honest response.
The same applies in the classroom. We want to avoid fakery and being told what we want to hear. Instead, we have to probe for the problems, the difficulties, the things that make no sense to the student, and make it easy for them to tell us those things.
1．Which question is preferred according to the author
A．Did you manage any of the hard questions in the homework
B．Did you get on all right with the homework questions
C．Do you have any questions you want to go through
D．Do you think the homework questions are hard
2．According to the passage, good questions ________.
A．promote communications B．should be based on honesty
C．reveal different assumptions D．ought to make others happy
3．This article is mainly intended for ________.
A．parents B．teachers C．students D．researchers
As young people, many of us dream of becoming “somebody” when we grow up. However, without enough strength or help, we often feel far from this dream. Sometimes, we even have strange thoughts: Should we just give up and “lie flat (tangping)” instead The little pig monster (怪兽) and his three friends from the popular animated movie Nobody would say no.
Their story cheered and inspired a large number of people across China. The four small, nameless monsters pretend to be the famous group of four heroes from Journey to the West. They leave Langlang Mountain and start their own journey. Along the way, many other monsters laugh at their dreams. But the little pig monster and his friends don’t lose heart. They keep fighting “bad guys” and try to live in their own way.
Some people say Nobody is not just a movie—it’s more like a mirror. In real life, many common people also choose to keep following their dreams, even when they face big challenges.
Pang Zhongwang is one of them. Now he is an excellent student at Tsinghua University. But 27 years ago, he was born into a poor family and was just a “nobody” in a small village in Hebei. His mother was disabled (残疾的) and unable to work. His father suffered from a serious mental (精神的) illness. Even with all these problems, Pang, under the influence of his mother, grew up to be positive. He started to take care of his family when he was young. Deep down, this “nobody” also dreamed of becoming “somebody”. With hard work, he always got great grades in school. In 2017, he caught national attention with his gaokao score of 684 out of 750.
Pang is luckier than the four monsters in Nobody. He makes his dream of becoming “somebody” come true. The little pig monster and his friends, however, didn’t succeed in their journey. But now many people remember their courage. In some ways, they have also become “somebodies”.
Now, what will you do with your big dreams Clearly, if you “lie flat”, you’ll stay a “nobody”. We wish you good luck as you try to leave your own “Langlang Mountain” and follow your dreams!
4．What do the four little monsters do when other monsters laugh at their dreams
A．They feel sad about it. B．They give up and “lie flat”.
C．They become less confident. D．They try to live in their own way.
5．How does the writer explain that Nobody is more like a mirror in real life
A．By listing numbers. B．By drawing a picture of a mirror.
C．By giving an example of Pang. D．By introducing a classic.
6．What challenges made Pang Zhongwang just a poor “nobody”
①He was born into a poor family.
②He worked hard to shoulder his family duties.
③His mother was disabled and unable to work.
④He achieved high grades in school.
⑤His father had a serious mental illness.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．②④⑤
7．What does the underlined phrase “Langlang Mountain” refer to
A．The little pig monster. B．The mountain in the movie Nobody.
C．The success that we achieved finally. D．The difficulties that stop us being “somebodies”.
8．Which of the following can we infer from the passage
A．“Lie flat” will keep people away from realizing their big dreams.
B．Pang Zhongwang’s mother’s illness had no influence on his growth.
C．The four little monsters in Nobody will surely achieve their dream of becoming famous.
D．All common people with the spirit of holding on to their dreams can become “somebodies” easily.
Have you ever heard about typhoons and hurricanes They are both very powerful storms that form over the ocean. They start over warm ocean waters and have similar features.
These two kinds of storms form when the ocean water is at least 26.5℃ and the air is very moist (湿润的). They spin (转) in circles fast due to Earth’s rotation (自转). These storms can bring strong winds and heavy rain. That can even cause flooding. The storms are divided into different levels based on (基于) their wind speed. When both types of storms get very strong, they can cause floods and destroy houses.
However, they’re different. ▲ If a large and powerful storm forms in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (东北大西洋海域) or the North Pacific (太平洋) Ocean, people call it a hurricane. Hurricanes often affect places like the United States and Mexico. If a large and powerful storm develops in the Northwest Pacific Ocean or the South China Sea, it is called a typhoon. Countries like China and Japan often experience typhoons. Both typhoons and hurricanes are named by WMO, but by different regional offices.
We have shared so much information about typhoons and hurricanes. Do you have any questions
9．What do typhoons and hurricanes need in order to form
A．Dry and warm air. B．Dry and cold air.
C．Cold and wet air. D．Warm and wet air.
10．Which of the following countries calls a strong wind “hurricane”
A．China. B．Japan. C．America. D．India.
11．Which of the following sentences can we put in ▲
A．These two storms move in different directions.
B．Do you know there are some interesting things about these two storms
C．It’s difficult to explore these two storms.
D．The main difference lies in where they form.
12．Which ocean area would be most likely to have a hurricane
A．The Western Pacific Ocean. B．The Eastern Pacific Ocean.
C．The South Pacific Ocean. D．The North Pacific Ocean.
《秋词》刘禹锡 自古逢秋悲寂寥， 我言秋日胜春朝。 晴空一鹤排云上， 便引诗情到碧霄。 Song of AutumnSince olden days we feel in autumn sad and drear, But I say spring cannot compete with autumn clear. On a fine day a crane cleaves the clouds and soars high; It leads the poet’s lofty mind to azure sky. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
Poems from the Tang Dynasty are very famous in China’s history. Today, I’d like to recommend the poem Song of Autumn, one of the poems by Liu Yuxi, a famous poet and writer in the mid-Tang Dynasty.
Just as shown in the first line of the poem, most ancient poets liked to describe autumn as a sad time, but in this poem the season appears differently. In Liu’s eyes, autumn, full of life and hope, is even better than spring morning. He describes the bright scene of a crane riding the clouds and flying into the blue sky.
With his poems paying special attention to expressing personal feelings, as well as the daily life of common people, Liu wrote poems with beautiful music-like words. You may feel it in this poem. Though being translated thoughtfully by experienced Xu Yuanchong, the poem still reads not so beautifully as that in Chinese. I personally think that English is sometimes not as powerful as Chinese. You may find it in this poem.
Here is another example. In Liu’s essay An Eulogium on a Humble Cell(《陋室铭》), with less than 100 words, he shows a lively picture of his humble (谦虚的) cell. However, it also shows how he was happy with the poor and simple life. People may find it strange that one can feel happy living in such a humble cell. Learning from his famous sentences, “Be fragrant because of my virtues (斯是陋室，惟吾德馨)”, I think being a respectable man is more important than living in big houses, wearing beautiful clothes, enjoying delicious food, and even gaining knowledge.
13．Which dynasty was the poem Song of Autumn written in
A．Song. B．Tang. C．Ming. D．Qing.
14．What was autumn like in Liu Yuxi’s eyes at that time
A．It was a sad time. B．It was rather cloudy.
C．It was not so good as spring. D．It was active and hopeful.
15．In the writer’s opinion, the poem in Chinese is _________ that in English.
A．as powerful as B．less powerful than
C．not so beautiful as D．more beautiful than
16．Which of the following does the writer think is more important
A．To be a respectable man. B．To live in a big house.
C．To wear beautiful clothes. D．To gain more knowledge.
Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance
The history of the show
It's said that in 1880,a serious plague（瘟疫）broke out in a village, and it caused many deaths. The villagers performed the fire dragon dance and set off fireworks to drive it away.
The appearance of the fire dragon
The dragon is about 70 meters long and its head weighs about 50 kilograms. It usually takes more than 300 people to carry the dragon. Its whole body is full of burning incense（香）.
Information about this year's show
Place Tai Hang Victoria Park
Time September 16th &18th: 8:15 p.m.—10:30 p.m. September 17th: 8:15 p.m.—10:00 p.m. September 17th: 8:45 p.m.—10:00 p.m.
Note Best viewing point: Wun Sha Street Directions: Turn left at Tin Hau Subway Station Exit A2.Then, get into the park from Hing Fat Street.
Ticket: Free!
17．Why did people perform the fire dragon dance in the very beginning
A．Because they loved dancing while holding fireworks.
B．Because they wanted to celebrate the festival.
C．Because they wanted to show off their culture.
D．Because they hoped to drive away the plague.
18．How long is the fire dragon
A．About 10 meters. B．About 30 meters.
C．About 50 meters. D．About 70 meters.
19．What is the fire dragon's body covered with during the show
A．Paper and cloth. B．Water and lights.
C．Burning incense. D．Flowers and leaves.
20．We can't enjoy the dragon dance
A．in Tai Hang B．in Victoria Park
C．on Wun Sha Street D．at Tin Hau Subway Station
21．In which part of a newspaper can we read this text
A．Culture. B．Science. C．Nature. D．History.
It’s wintertime. In China, November, December, January and February are winter months. They include the following solar terms (节气): lidong (Beginning of Winter)，xiaoxue (Minor Snow), daxue (Major Snow), dongzhi (Winter Solstice), xiaohan (Minor Cold) and dahan (Major Cold).
Winter begins at lidong (Nov. 7-8), after which most parts of the country can start to expect cold weather. On this day, after a year of hard work, people are happy to take a break and spend some time with family. The northern part of China celebrates lidong as the “Small Spring Festival”. People have dumplings and eat mutton soup (汤). But in the southern part, people enjoy eating yuanxiao and rice cakes.
Xiaoxue (Nov. 22-23) and daxue (Dec. 6-8) come after lidong. During xiaoxue, northern China can expect snow and temperatures to slowly fall below 0℃. Daxue means even more snow and greater temperature drops.
When dongzhi (Dec. 21-23) comes, it brings the shortest day of the year and the longest night. Many places around the country can expect the coldest weather yet. Ancient Chinese people would often start counting “nine cold periods (数九寒天)” from dongzhi. Every cold period has nine days. They believed that after 81 cold days, spring would arrive.
Xiaohan (Jan. 4-6) usually brings the lowest temperatures of the year. There may be high winds and light snow.
Finally, during dahan (Jan. 19-21), the sleety weather fills the fields with rain and snow. All Chinese are ready to welcome the Chinese New Year after dahan. The Spring Festival, China's most important festival, falls at this time. After that, a new round of solar terms will start.
22．What can we know from Paragraph (段落) 1？
A．Who created solar terms.
B．The number of winter solar terms.
C．What people did for solar terms.
D．How solar terms came into being.
23．How do people from the northern part of China usually celebrate lidong
A．By having dumplings and eating mutton soup.
B．By welcoming the Chinese New Year.
C．By having yuanxiao and rice cakes.
D．By counting “nine cold periods” like ancient Chinese people.
24．Which solar term usually has the lowest temperatures of the whole year
A．Xiaoxue. B．Xiaohan. C．Dahan. D．Dongzhi.
25．What does the underlined word “sleety” mean
A．Dry and cold. B．Sunny and warm.
C．Rainy and snowy. D．Windy and cloudy.
26．What is the purpose of this text
A．To show us how people celebrate festivals.
B．To introduce the solar terms in wintertime.
C．To tell us the stories of different solar terms.
D．To explain how to predict the coming of spring.
The Horsetail Fall is one of Yosemite National Park’s most amazing views. Around the second week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red-hot lava (岩浆) pouring down from the top of the El Capitan. So, it got the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days. There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on warm afternoons.
The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February. And the best time to watch the fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch, because it is close to the fall and is perfect for setting up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunset, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter,” says Kate Moore, a traveller.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
27．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about
A．When we can see the firefall. B．How the firefall got its name.
C．Where Yosemite National Park is. D．How many tourists visit the firefall.
28．When may travellers see the Horsetail Fall like red-hot lava
A．In February. B．In July. C．In October. D．In December.
29．What can we know about the firefall
A．It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.
B．It usually appears on wet, warm and cloudy days.
C．Rivers provide enough flowing water to make a fall.
D．Its best watching place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
30．What can we infer from the words of Kate Moore in the last paragraph
A．The firefall just brings us little surprise.
B．The firefall is a common natural wonder.
C．It’s really dangerous to watch the firefall.
D．The firefall is wonderful to watch.
31．What’s the best title for the passage
A．A Wonderful National Park B．Great Scenery Worth Visiting
C．A Place to Watch Red-hot Lava D．A World-famous Man-made Wonder
Small talk refers to an easy, respectful conversation that often focuses on unimportant topics. Small talk topics are good conversation starters. You should know what things to talk about and what to avoid.
If you are looking for some good conversation starters, here are a few topics to consider.
The weather is a good topic that everyone can discuss. Practice making small talk about the weather next time you find yourself in the middle of silence.
People like to talk about their hobbies and are likely to be interested in yours. If you don’t have any hobbies, consider trying something new. Not only will you have something to talk about, but having a hobby will give you a chance to meet others with similar interests.
People like to hear about vacations. If you travel, be ready to answer questions and give your opinions about the places you have visited. Ask others about their favorite spots and what they recommend. Many people like to help others and will be happy to share their experience.
Once you know a few good conversation starters, it’s also helpful to recognize what type of small talk topics you’d better avoid.
The problem of talking about politics is that you never know who in the crowd may have strong opinions. Stay away from this topic unless you want to risk ending up in the middle of a heated conversation.
Death is a heavy topic that should be avoided. When you are in the company of strangers, do not bring up emotional topics.
In addition, avoid questions related to appearance. Do not ask anyone if they have lost weight. You never know the reason for weight gain or loss. Or you could be left in an uncomfortable situation.
32．Which word do you think is suitable to describe small talk
A．Rude. B．Serious. C．Polite.
33．What is a bad question to start small talk
A．What sports do you prefer
B．Have you lost weight
C．Where will you go for a holiday
34．What can be the best title for this text
A．The Reason of Small Talk
B．How to Make Friends by Small Talk
C．The Topics of Small Talk
35．What is the structure of the passage (① =Paragraph 1, ② =Paragraph 2…)
A． B． C．
People always say the music in their memories is the best compared to other times. This may be because of something that can be called the “memory bump (隆起)”.
According to the BBC, the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are very strong. This time heavily shapes our interests, such as our favorite books, films, sports stars, and especially music. This is because there is a “safe” place in our brain (大脑) to hold the musical memories. The place is well protected against aging problems. As a result, the music we listen to during these years usually has a long-lasting influence (影响). We usually remember the music in our memories from ages 10 to 30 more deeply than music from other times in our lives.
“Music is episodic (连载的),” Professor Robert Cutietta at the USC told CNN. “If you look at an artwork or something, you can look at it and leave. But music is over time.”
Music is mixed. It can mix happy and sad feelings when we listen to it. When the songs are about your old experiences, memories of them will flood back as you listen to the songs again.
Music is magic. Sometimes, with a change in experiences, the sadness you once felt when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to music in the memories from ages 10 to 30 when people are in a difficult time can bring a feeling of relief (宽慰) now.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案
36．What is the “memory bump”
A．A type of music from the 1910s.
B．The happiest memories in the brain.
C．Strong memories from ages 10 to 30．D．An interest in books and films.
37．Why do we remember the music in the memories from ages 10 to 30 better
A．Because young people have better memories.
B．Because the music is easier to understand and remember.
C．Because we listen to the music more often.
D．Because a well protected area in the brain holds it.
38．What does the underlined phrase “flood back” mean in Chinese
A．涌回 B．消逝 C．漂浮 D．掩埋
39．What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph
A．Music is episodic. B．Music is magic.
C．Music is mixed. D．Music is long-lasting.
40．What is the structure of the text
A． B． C． D．
From different TV dramas or books, we can often hear titles like quanzi, taoli and kaimo. In fact, they are part of Chinese history and culture.
In China, it’s a modest (谦虚的) way for Chinese parents to introduce their sons by calling quanzi while they use linglang to show respect for others. Although their children are successful, they don’t usually talk about this in public. Instead, they try to play it down. This is similar to Hanshe that Chinese people may call their big houses.
There is another Chinese expression taoli mantianxia, which means a teacher has lots of students across the country, like trees full of peaches and plums (桃和李). It comes from a story about Zizhi. As a teacher, Zizhi was kind and strict. He often pointed at the peach or plum trees in his yard to ask his students to work hard. “You should try to be a successful person in your fields, just as the peach and plum trees,” he said. Keeping these words in mind, many of his students did as he said and made it.
In Chinese, kaimo means “role model”. Both words have a “木” on their left side. People believe that kai and mo might be two kinds of trees in ancient China. It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius’ tomb (孔子墓). These trees were so straight that they made people think of Confucius’ quality-straight and honest. The mo trees were said to grow near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou. The straightness and the leaves’ pure color of trees were like his wonderful quality. Since kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two great people, kaimo was then used to stand for role models.
41．According to paragraph 2, Chinese play it down by ________.
A．inviting friends to visit their Hanshe B．calling others’ sons linglang
C．wanting their children to be successful D．calling their own sons quanzi
42．Taoli is used to refer to ________ from paragraph 3.
A．peach and plum trees B．hard-working teachers
C．flowers and fruit of trees D．successful students in their fields
43．What do kai and mo trees have in common (共同点) from the last paragraph
A．They are both straight. B．They have pure leaves.
C．They are planted in the same place. D．Their names both have a “木”on the right side.
44．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．It tells us how to be a good teacher like Zizhi.
B．It shows us different ways Chinese people respect others.
C．It introduces some Chinese words about history and culture.
D．It explains why Chinese people like to plant trees near tombs.
Do you like travelling Have you ever been to Dali Are you willing to enjoy the beauty of Dali We have prepared special activities for students this May Day holiday. Come and join us!
Erhai Lake Cycling Tour Ride with a local guide around Erhai Lake and enjoy the fresh air and stunning views of Cangshan Mountain, with pure white snow under the clear blue sky. Time: Every Monday & Wednesday, 8:30 a.m.-11:30 a.m. Price: 60 per person (includes bike and helmet).
Bai Tie-Dye Workshop Learn the ancient art of tie-dye from local masters. Create your own blue-and-white handkerchief using natural dyes. Take home your unique work! Time: Every Tuesday & Thursday, 2:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m. Price: 50 per person (includes all materials)
Walking Tour of Dali Ancient City Walk through the old streets with a knowledgeable guide. Hear stories about the city walls, traditional houses, and the history of the Bai people. Time: Every Friday, 9:30 a.m.-11:30 a.m. Price: 40 per person
45．The underlined word “stunning” probably means “________”.
A．very ugly B．very common C．very attractive D．very strange
46．What can visitors do on the Walking Tour
A．Create a handkerchief. B．Ride a bike along the lake.
C．Learn to make tie-dye. D．Hear stories about the city.
47．Which of the following statements about the activities is TRUE
A．Visitors can take part in all activities held in the afternoon.
B．You can take home your own blue-and-white handkerchief.
C．You can learn the ancient art of tie-dye from all the Bai people.
D．Visitors need to bring their own bikes for the cycling tour.
Last summer, I went to visit my uncle in England. I had a great time there, but I also made some funny mistakes because of cultural differences.
One day, my uncle took me to a restaurant. When the waiter came, I said, “I want a hamburger and a cola.” But my uncle told me that in England, it’s more polite to say “Could I have a hamburger and a cola, please ” I felt embarrassed but learned a lesson.
Another time, I met my uncle’s friend, Mr. Brown. I reached out my hand to shake hands with him, but he gave me a kiss on the cheek. I was surprised because in China, we only shake hands when we meet someone for the first time.
Then, at a party, I saw people opening their gifts immediately when they received them. In China, we usually open gifts later when we get home. I asked my uncle why, and he said that in England, it’s polite to open gifts in front of the giver to show you like them.
These mistakes taught me that learning about different cultures is very important. It helps us get on well with people from other countries.
48．The writer went to ________ last summer.
A．America B．England C．Japan D．India
49．Mr. Brown greeted the writer by ________.
A．shaking hands B．bowing
C．kissing on the cheek D．hugging
50．In England, people open gifts immediately to ________.
A．show they like the gifts B．hide the gifts
C．give the gifts back D．sell the gifts
51．What did the writer learn from his mistakes
A．England is a boring country.
B．Cultural differences are not important.
C．We should learn about different cultures.
D．Chinese culture is better than English culture.
In Lancang, Yunnan, there is a beautiful place called Laodabao Village. A group of Lahu people who are good at singing and dancing live there. Li Naluo is one of them. She was honoured as “The Most Beautiful Female Striver (最美巾帼奋斗者)” in 2025.
Born in 1983, Li grew up with music and dance. Her father, Li Shikai, is an inheritor (传承人) of the Lahu Lusheng Dance. Influenced by her father, Li learned to play the guitar and sing at the age of 13. She also started writing songs at the age of 16.
In 2005, Li joined the Ya’e Art Group and became the heart of the group. Under her influence, more than 100 villagers learned to play the guitar, sing and perform. Then Li led the villagers out of the village and brought Lahu songs and dances to big cities. As there were more and more performance chances, Li had an idea: Why not use our talents to improve lives In 2013, she started a singing company. All families in the village joined as members. They performed at festivals and on TV. Then they shared the money they made.
Li also cares about the women in her village. She started workshops to teach women in her village to weave brocade (织锦). Then she helped them take orders and sell brocade products. This not only helps to preserve the Lahu clothing culture but also helps women in difficulties improve their lives.
Today, Li still works hard every day in Laodabao. She wants to keep the Lahu traditions alive and help her village grow.
52．What kind of honour did Li Naluo get
A．The Most Beautiful Teacher. B．The Best Musician.
C．The Most Moving Musician. D．The Most Beautiful Female Striver.
53．When did Li Naluo learn to play the guitar and sing
A．In 1983. B．In 1996. C．In 1999. D．In 2005.
54．What is the correct order according to the text
① Li Naluo joined the Ya’e Art Group.
② Li started writing songs at the age of 16.
③ Li started a singing company to use villagers’ talents for better lives.
④ Li set up workshops to teach women to weave brocade.
A．②-①-③-④ B．②-③-④-① C．①-②-④-③ D．③-④-②-①
55．Which of the following words can best describe Li Naluo according to the text
A．Friendly and humorous. B．Honest and quiet.
C．Creative and warm-hearted. D．Patient and impolite.
56．What can we learn from the text
A．A Lahu woman learns guitar from her mother and writes many songs.
B．A Lahu woman leads students in her village to perform in big cities.
C．A Lahu woman joins an art group and teaches other members to weave.
D．A Lahu woman develops her village and inherits its traditional culture.
Public Bath Houses
In the past, public bath houses were places where people would go to clean themselves. Today, it may seem strange for someone to wash with others outside their home. However, in the past, most houses did not have baths in the home. Public bath houses were the only choice. Actually, they were not just a place to wash, but also to meet with others and relax as well.
The earliest public bath house is thought to have been in India over 4,000 years ago. From that time, many cultures have used public bath houses. In ancient Greece, the public bath houses included areas for washing, a common pool for relaxing, and areas for exercise. The Romans also had public bath houses. Some even included game rooms, gardens, and libraries!
Public bath houses are still around today. Countries such as Turkey, Japan, China, Hungary, and Italy still have them, but in different forms. The Korean public bath houses have the traditional areas for washing, steam rooms, and massages (按摩). However, they have taken it to the next level. Many large public bath houses in Korea are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Almost all of them have internet rooms, snack bars, and places for sleeping on heated floors and relaxing in front of large TVs. In countries such as the US and the UK, places like these are called spas, not public bath houses. People visit these spas to relax as one would at a bath house.
Though public bath houses may seem like a strange idea, it’s an experience you might want to try if you can. They are a lot of fun.
57．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．People in the past only went to public bath houses to clean themselves.
B．Most houses in the past did not have baths inside their homes.
C．It was always very common for people to wash with others outside their home.
D．Public bath houses disappeared completely after people had home baths.
58．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about ancient Roman public bath houses
A．Game rooms. B．Gardens. C．Libraries. D．Swimming pools.
59．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The earliest public bath house was built in ancient Greece over 4,000 years ago.
B．Public bath houses in ancient Greece only provided places for people to wash themselves.
C．In the US and the UK, places similar to public bath houses are called spas.
D．All public bath houses around the world have the same forms and services now.
60．What is the main purpose of this passage
A．To introduce the history and changes of public bath houses around the world.
B．To tell people how to use public bath houses correctly.
C．To explain why public bath houses are better than home baths.
D．To compare public bath houses and spas in different countries.
① As the weather changes from day to day, sometimes it’s impossible to avoid having a cold. There are some ways and they can help you feel better when you have the common cold.
② If you have a cold, you should drink something warm. Add honey and lemon to hot water or tea. You will keep warm while you’re drinking tea. A cup of ginger tea helps the blood to move more quickly.
③ Garlic is a super food. Garlic helps to fight off germs when you eat it daily. It can make you have fewer colds and make colds shorter. If you don’t mind eating uncooked garlic, it’s best to eat a few pieces every three to four hours when you feel the first symptoms of a cold.
④ Many people know that salt can kill germs. For a sore throat, mix about half a spoon of salt into warm water and use the mixture as a mouthwash (漱口水). As a mixture of salt and water pours into the throat, the germs will die.
⑤ It’s common to have a cold but these simple ways can help you feel better.
61．Ginger tea is helpful for a cold because it ________.
A．tastes sweet and delicious B．makes people sleep better
C．kills germs in people’s throats D．helps people’s blood move faster
62．The underlined word “symptoms” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．症状 B．效果 C．变化 D．预防
63．What is the use of salt water for a sore throat
A．It makes your throat feel warm. B．It helps you drink more water.
C．It can kill germs in your throat. D．It reduces the pain in your throat.
64．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A． B． C． D．
Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers in history. His music has touched millions of people around the world. But few know the pain and struggle behind his most famous work, Ode to Joy (from his Ninth Symphony).
At the age of 26, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. This was a terrible disaster for a musician—hearing is the most important sense for creating music. As years passed, his hearing got worse and worse. By his 40s, he was almost completely deaf. He could not hear his own music or the applause of the audience. At times, he felt so hopeless that he even thought about giving up on music.
But Beethoven was a man of strong will. He refused to let his disability defeat him. He bit a wooden stick attached to his piano and felt the vibrations to “hear” the sound. He wrote music with all his heart, pouring his feelings of anger, hope and courage into every note.
In 1824, when Beethoven was 54, he finished his Ninth Symphony. The last part, Ode to Joy, is a powerful song about peace and happiness. At the first performance, Beethoven stood on the stage to conduct. He could not hear the loud applause, but when a singer gently turned him around, he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly. Tears rolled down his face.
Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony is more than just music. It is a cry against fate, a celebration of human spirit. It tells us that no matter how hard life is, we can still fight and create beauty.
65．Why was losing hearing a terrible disaster for Beethoven
A．Because he couldn’t talk with other musicians.
B．Because hearing is the most important for a composer to create music.
C．Because he couldn’t stand on the stage to conduct.
D．Because he had to give up his favorite piano.
66．When did Beethoven become almost completely deaf
A．At the age of 26. B．In his 30s. C．In his 40s. D．At the age of 54.
67．What does the underlined word “vibrations” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．melody B．music C．shaking D．sound
68．What can we know about the first performance of the Ninth Symphony
A．Beethoven didn’t conduct the music on the stage.
B．Beethoven felt so nervous that he didn’t perform well.
C．Beethoven saw the audience’s applause after being turned around.
D．Beethoven cried because he felt sad about his deafness.
69．What is the best title for the passage
A．The History of Ode to Joy. B．Beethoven:A Musician with Strong Will.
C．How to Write Great Music. D．A Famous Performance in 1824.
Humans seem so small in the face of the forces of nature, especially when it comes to Qomolangma—the highest mountain in the world. Yet surprisingly, around 7,000 climbers have managed to reach its summit (山顶). Would you like to join them If so, you’ll need to train hard and prepare well first.
● Getting a climbing permit (许可证)
You can climb Qomolangma from China or Nepal (尼泊尔), but both need a climbing permit first. A permit from Nepal costs a lot of money. You should also pay for environmental protection efforts and other items.
● Getting enough training
As you climb higher, there is less oxygen (氧气). Climbers may feel weak easily, and some may never wake up. Climbers should train for at least a year by doing activities like running, swimming, and sit-ups, which makes them stronger and helps them keep climbing for a long time.
● Enriching your climbing experience
As the saying goes, “Readiness is all.” To prepare to climb Qomolangma, you should first try climbing a mountain over 6,500 metres high. This helps you get used to the conditions of high mountains.
● Choosing a professional (专业的) team
A professional team with experienced guides is important. Guides are very familiar with the mountain, knowing where there may be risks. When accidents happen, they can take action in time.
70．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．A professional guide can help climbers in danger.
B．You can prepare by climbing a 650-meter-high mountain first.
C．You can climb Qomolangma from China without a climbing permit.
D．Climbers should train for less than a year before climbing Qomolangma.
71．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence “Readiness is all.”
A．Better late than never. B．Practice makes perfect.
C．All lies in preparation. D．One for all, all for one.
72．On which of the following websites can we most probably read the text
A．www.nature.org/stories/ B．www./climb/
C．www./places/ D．www./biking/
The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake is a great work by Ming Dynasty traveller Xu Xiake. It describes his exploration of China’s about 20 provinces in nearly 30 years. It provides information about the geography, culture, and society of his time.
Xu Xiake was born in 1587 in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province into a rich family. Influenced by his father, who deeply loved nature, Xu developed a strong interest in exploration. In the spring of 1607, his first important journey began. This marked the start of his travels, which he would record carefully in his diaries.
The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake provides detailed records of mountains, rivers, plants, animals, minerals (矿物) and so on. It opened up a new way of seeing and describing nature. As an excellent work of ancient Chinese geography, it focuses on field observations (实地观察) and explores the causes of natural geographic changes. It has played an important role in the development of ancient Chinese geography. Besides, the book also includes detailed records of local trade, customs, towns and villages, and ethnic relations (民族关系). Expressed in beautiful language and covering all kinds of topics, the book is quite valuable for the study of Ming and Qing history.
Many places Xu Xiake wrote about have become popular with tourists. People visit them to follow Xu’s footsteps and see the beauty he described. To honour his spirit of exploration, China celebrates “China Tourism Day” on May 19th. On that day in 1613, Xu Xiake started recording his journey. The day reminds us of his brave spirit and encourages everyone to explore and learn about the world.
73．What influenced Xu Xiake to develop an interest in exploration
A．His mother’s encouragement. B．His rich family background.
C．His father who loved nature. D．His travel diaries.
74．According to the passage, what makes The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake an excellent work of ancient Chinese geography
A．Its beautiful language.
B．Its focus on field observations and causes of geographic changes.
C．Its records of local trade and customs.
D．Its popularity among tourists.
75．Why is China Tourism Day celebrated on May 19th
A．Because Xu Xiake was born on that day.
B．Because Xu Xiake started writing his diary on that day.
C．Because Xu Xiake finished his first journey on that day.
D．Because Xu Xiake died on that day.
76．What does the word “customs” in paragraph 3 most likely mean
A．Rules about what to wear B．Local traditions and ways of life
C．Places where tourists buy tickets D．Laws made by the government
77．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．The Life of Xu Xiake
B．The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake and Its Influence
C．How to Explore China
D．China Tourism Day
Culture shock is something many people experience when they visit a new country. It happens because the new culture is very different from their own. These differences can be surprising, confusing, or even embarrassing at first.
For example, personal space means different things in different cultures. In Germany, people usually like to have more space around them. They don’t stand too close to someone unless they know them very well. But in Peru, people are comfortable standing closer to others, even strangers. This can be surprising for someone from Germany.
Greetings are another area where cultures differ. In Japan, people bow as soon as they meet someone. The bow shows respect. In the US, people usually just say “hello” or shake hands. In France, it’s common to kiss on the cheek when greeting friends and family.
Manners also vary widely. In China, it’s rude to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice because it reminds people of funeral rituals. In Mexico, it’s polite to use someone’s first name only if they invite you to do so.
Although these differences can be surprising at first, they are also interesting to learn about. Once you understand them, you may become more curious and interested in the new culture. Learning about cultural differences helps us respect and appreciate other ways of life.
78．What is culture shock
A．A feeling of surprise when experiencing a new culture.
B．A type of illness.
C．A way of greeting.
D．A sudden change in weather patterns.
79．How do people in Germany feel about personal space
A．They like to stand very close to strangers.
B．They like more personal space.
C．They don’t care about personal space.
D．They prefer to greet with a handshake.
80．How do people in Japan greet each other
A．They shake hands. B．They bow. C．They kiss on the cheek. D．They hug each other.
81．Why is it rude to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice in China
A．Because it’s bad manners.
B．Because it reminds people of funeral rituals.
C．Because it’s difficult to eat that way.
D．Because it looks strange.
82．What can we learn from the passage
A．All cultures are the same.
B．Cultural differences are interesting and worth learning about.
C．We should avoid visiting other countries.
D．Learning about cultural differences is a waste of time.
“I feel a bit ‘emo’.” Do you often hear people say this these days “Emo” is short for “emotional”. It means someone has strong feelings. Usually, they are bad ones, such as anger, worry, or sadness.
Everyone has bad feelings from time to time. You may feel upset when you get a low score on an exam. You may feel lonely after arguing with your friends. The emotions build up. At some point, they explode (爆炸). Boom! They make you shout and cry. You may not want to eat, speak, learn, or play. What should you do
Hey, don’t forget that you are the master (主人) of your emotions. Do you know the Dementors (摄魂怪) in Harry Potter They make people feel sad. But there is one way to beat them: eating some chocolate and trying to think of the happiest moment of your life. Let the good feelings fight the bad ones. In real life, you should always look on the bright side of things. For example, getting a low score on an exam is not always bad. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better. You will feel hopeful this way.
When those bad feelings come, you can also try some simple actions to drive them away. For example, imagine that you are smelling a flower, and then blowing up a balloon. Keep doing it and you can calm down. Doing some exercise, such as jumping and running, can help you relax. Or hug (拥抱) your parents, pets or your soft toys. They can make you feel safe and relaxed.
83．Which of the following feelings is thought to be “emo”
A．Calmness. B．Sadness. C．Hopefulness. D．Happiness.
84．Which of the following is similar to the way mentioned in paragraph 3
A．After losing a game, the player refuses to play again.
B．When someone is sad, he just stays in bed and doesn’t talk to anyone.
C．When someone loses a toy, he cries and refuses to play with other toys.
D．After getting a bad score, the student works harder to do better next time.
85．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．It shows the meaning of “emo”.
B．It tells us how to deal with bad feelings.
C．It shows why people have bad feelings.
D．It tells stories about fighting against bad feelings.
86．What is the best title for the text
A．How to Control Your Emotions. B．Beat Emo: Master Your Emotions!
C．Why People Feel Sad and Angry. D．Harry Potter’s Emotional Magic.
/ 让学习更有效 期末备考培优 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．A 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文主要探讨了一种积极的教学策略，即教师在提问时应假设学生遇到了困难，从而创造一个安全的环境，让学生更容易诚实地表达他们在学习中遇到的问题，进而促进有效的沟通和解决问题。
【详解】1．根据第二段对话中“Teacher: Those homework questions were hard. Did you manage any of them ”及倒数第四段“This time, we’ve made it easy for the student to admit their difficulties. There’s no pretense around everything being fine when it isn’t, and no shame in the student admitting to having problems, as that’s clearly the teacher’s starting assumption.”可知，老师的提问应该让学生很容易承认自己有困难，A项“你完成家庭作业中比较难的问题中的任何一个了吗？”符合作者强调的这个原则。
2．根据倒数第二段内容“Every counsellor knows that if they ask a client ‘Did you have a good week ’, they’re more likely to get a positive response, because it’s a leading question that doesn’t communicate a strong interest in hearing the truth. Instead, a more neutral question like ‘How was your week ’ is much more likely to elicit an honest response.”可知，好问题更有可能得到诚实的回答，促进双方的交流。
3．第一段中提到“When teaching, always assume the worst!”，本文提供了一个教学中的提问技巧，所以本文是写给老师的。
4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文主要介绍动画电影《没有人生来普通》中的四个小怪兽追梦故事，结合寒门学子庞众望坚持追梦、逆袭成才的真实事例，告诉读者拒绝躺平、坚持梦想，平凡人也能成就自我。
【详解】4．第二段讲述小怪兽面对嘲笑的做法：“Along the way, many other monsters laugh at their dreams. But the little pig monster and his friends don’t lose heart. They keep fighting ‘bad guys’ and try to live in their own way.”，说明面对嘲笑，小怪兽们没有放弃，坚持以自己的方式生活追梦。
5．第三段提出这部电影像一面镜子映照现实普通人的追梦模样，第四段紧接着列举了庞众望的励志事例，说明作者是通过举庞众望的例子来解释电影映照现实的观点。
6．第四段介绍庞众望的艰难处境：“But 27 years ago, he was born into a poor family...His mother was disabled and unable to work. His father suffered from a serious mental illness.”，说明家境贫困、母亲残疾、父亲患病是他曾经平凡普通的困境。
7．结合全文语境，文中朗朗山是小怪兽最初平凡困顿的起点，象征着阻碍人们追梦、成就自我的困境与磨难，并非实体山峰或个人、成功，由此可推断该短语“Langlang Mountain”指代阻碍我们成为优秀的人的困难。
8．最后一段点明文章观点：“Clearly, if you ‘lie flat’, you’ll stay a ‘nobody’.”，说明躺平会让人止步不前，无法实现远大梦想，由此可推断躺平会让人远离梦想的实现。
9．D 10．C 11．D 12．D
【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了台风（typhoon）和飓风（hurricane）的异同。两者形成条件相同（温暖且湿润的海水），但因形成海域不同而名称不同，并简要说明了各影响区域及命名机构。
【详解】9．第二段指出：“These two kinds of storms form when the ocean water is at least 26.5℃ and the air is very moist”，即海水至少26.5℃且空气非常湿润，对应“warm and wet air”。
10．第三段提到：“If a large and powerful storm...Hurricanes often affect places like the United States and Mexico”，美国称其为hurricane。
11．第二段末尾讲完两者的相同点，第三段开头用“However, they’re different”转折，随后分别说明hurricane和typhoon形成的不同海域（Northeast Atlantic/North Pacific vs. Northwest Pacific/South China Sea）。整段围绕生成地点不同展开，因此▲处应填入一个承上启下的句子，点明区别在于形成地点。
12．第三段指出：“If a large and powerful storm forms in... the North Pacific Ocean, people call it a hurricane”，因此北太平洋最可能出现hurricane。
13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者赏析刘禹锡《秋词》，对比中英文翻译，再结合《陋室铭》，提出汉语表现力更强、品德比物质生活更可贵的观点。
【详解】13．根据“Poems from the Tang Dynasty are very famous in China’s history. Today, I’d like to recommend the poem Song of Autumn”可知，《秋词》创作于唐代。
14．根据“In Liu’s eyes, autumn, full of life and hope, is even better than spring morning.”可知，在刘禹锡眼中，秋天充满生机与希望。
15．根据“Though being translated thoughtfully by experienced Xu Yuanchong, the poem still reads not so beautifully as that in Chinese.”可知，在作者看来，这首诗的中文原版比英文翻译版更优美。
16．根据“I think being a respectable man is more important than... knowledge.”可知，作者认为成为一个让人尊敬的人更重要。
17．D 18．D 19．C 20．D 21．A
【导语】本文是关于香港大坑舞火龙的活动介绍摘要。这项活动是香港最具代表性的中秋节传统习俗之一，也是国家级非物质文化遗产。
【详解】17．根据文章第一段“The villagers performed the fire dragon dance and set off fireworks to drive it away.”可知，村民表演火龙舞和燃放烟花是为了驱赶瘟疫。故选D。
18．根据文章第二段“The dragon is about 70 meters long…”可知，火龙大约70米长。对应选项D。故选D。
19．根据文章第二段“Its whole body is full of burning incense.”可知，火龙全身插满了燃烧的香。故选C。
20．根据表格信息可知，表演地点为Tai Hang 和Victoria Park，最佳观赏点为Wun Sha Street。Tin Hau Subway Station仅是前往Victoria Park的指引地点，并非表演或观赏地点。故选D。
21．文章主要介绍了大坑火龙舞的历史渊源、外形特征及演出信息，属于传统文化范畴，因此最可能出现在报纸的“文化”版块。故选A。
22．B 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．B
【导语】本文依次介绍冬季六大节气的时间、气候特征与南北各地传统民俗。
【详解】22．根据第一段“They include the following solar terms: lidong…xiaoxue…daxue…dongzhi… xiaohan…and dahan…”可知，一共6个冬季节气。
23．根据第二段“The northern part of China celebrates lidong…People have dumplings and eat mutton soup.”可知，中国北方人吃饺子、喝羊肉汤来庆祝立冬。
24．根据第五段“Xiaohan usually brings the lowest temperatures of the year.”可知，全年气温最低通常在小寒。
25．根据尾段“the sleety weather fills the fields with rain and snow”其中的“rain and snow”可知sleety是指“雨雪交加的”。
26．全文分段逐个介绍六个冬季节气的时间、气候、习俗，可知核心是B项“介绍冬季的节气”。
27．B 28．A 29．D 30．D 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国约塞米蒂国家公园的马尾瀑布在二月份特定天气和时间条件下形成的“火瀑”奇观，包括其名称由来、形成条件、最佳观赏时间和地点。
【详解】27．第一段介绍了马尾瀑布在日落时变成橙红色，像炽热的岩浆从埃尔卡皮坦山顶倾泻而下，因此得名“火瀑”，所以本段主要讲“火瀑如何得名”。
28．由第一段“Around the second week of February”和第三段“The sun goes to the best place before the fall in late February”可知，游客在二月可以看到马尾瀑布像炽热的岩浆。
29．由第三段“The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch”可知，最佳观赏地点是埃尔卡皮坦野餐区。
30．由最后一段Kate Moore的话“the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter”可知，火瀑是一个不容错过的奇观，因此可以推断她认为火瀑是值得观赏的。
31．全文介绍火瀑这一自然奇观的形成和观赏信息，因此最佳标题为“Great Scenery Worth Visiting”（值得一游的美景）。
32．C 33．B 34．C 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕闲聊展开，介绍了适合闲聊的话题以及应避免的闲聊话题。
【详解】32．第一段提到“Small talk refers to an easy, respectful conversation that often focuses on unimportant topics.”，其中“respectful”表明闲聊是有礼貌的，所以用“Polite”描述闲聊合适。
33．最后一段提到“In addition, avoid questions related to appearance. Do not ask anyone if they have lost weight.”，说明询问别人是否减肥是不好的开启闲聊的问题。
34．文章先介绍闲聊的定义，接着重点阐述适合闲聊的话题以及应避免的闲聊话题，整体围绕闲聊的话题展开，所以最佳标题是“The Topics of Small Talk”。
35．第一段对闲聊进行定义；第二段引出下文关于开启闲聊话题的内容；第三、四、五段分别介绍天气、爱好、旅行这些适合开启闲聊的话题；第六段转折，引出应避免的闲聊话题；第七、八、九段分别介绍应避免的关于政治、死亡、外貌方面的闲聊话题。所以文章结构是①/②/③④⑤/⑥/⑦⑧⑨。
36．C 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，解释“记忆隆起”现象——10到30岁的记忆（尤其音乐记忆）更深刻，并分析其原因及音乐的特性。
【详解】36．第二段明确“the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are very strong”，“记忆隆起”指10-30岁的深刻记忆。
37．第二段提到“there is a ‘safe’ place in our brain to hold the musical memories. The place is well protected against aging problems”，大脑中受保护的区域储存这些音乐记忆，因此记得更牢。
38．第四段提到“When the songs are about your old experiences, memories of them will flood back as you listen to the songs again”，结合语境，听到熟悉的歌时，旧记忆会“涌回”，“flood back”意为“涌回”。
39．第五段首句“Music is magic”是该段主旨句，整段围绕音乐的“魔力”展开。
40．结合全文，①开篇引入：人们总觉得记忆里的音乐最好听，引出memory bump概念；②解释记忆隆起的定义、年龄范围和大脑记忆原理；③④⑤分三个角度：音乐有连载性、情感交织、自带魔力，展开补充说明。B项结构符合。
41．D 42．D 43．A 44．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了谦称犬子、桃李、楷模三个蕴含中国历史文化的词语的含义与由来。
【详解】41．文章第二段“In China, it’s a modest (谦虚的) way for Chinese parents to introduce their sons by calling quanzi while they use linglang to show respect for others...Instead, they try to play it down.”表明中国人通过称自己的儿子为“犬子”来表现得低调谦虚。
42．文章第三段“There is another Chinese expression taoli mantianxia...many of his students did as he said and made it.”表明“桃李满天下”指老师培养的众多在各自领域成功的学生，taoli指代在各自领域取得成就的学生。
43．文章第四段“These trees were so straight that they made people think of Confucius’ quality-straight and honest.”以及“The straightness and the leaves’ pure color of trees were like his wonderful quality.”表明楷树长得笔直，模树树干笔直、叶片色泽纯净，二者的共同点是树干笔直。
44．文章第一段“From different TV dramas or books, we can often hear titles like quanzi, taoli and kaimo. In fact, they are part of Chinese history and culture.”表明文章主要介绍一些与历史文化相关的中文词汇。
45．C 46．D 47．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大理为游客在五一假期准备的三项活动：洱海骑行、白族扎染体验和大理古城徒步游览。
【详解】45．Erhai Lake Cycling Tour部分的句子“stunning views of Cangshan Mountain, with pure white snow under the clear blue sky”指出，苍山的景色非常美丽，因此stunning意为“非常吸引人的”，与very attractive同义。
46．Walking Tour部分的句子“Hear stories about the city walls, traditional houses, and the history of the Bai people.”指出，游客在徒步游览中可以听到关于古城的故事。
47．Bai Tie-Dye Workshop部分“Create your own blue-and-white handkerchief...Take home your unique work!”指出，游客可以把自己制作的蓝白手帕带回家。
48．B 49．C 50．A 51．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己去年暑假去英国看望叔叔时，因为文化差异在点餐、问候和收礼物三个方面遭遇的尴尬经历，并最终感悟到了解不同文化的重要性。
【详解】48．第一段开篇提到：“Last summer, I went to visit my uncle in England.”，这明确指出作者去年夏天去了英国。
49．第三段描述了问候时的情景：“I reached out my hand…but he gave me a kiss on the cheek.”，这说明布朗先生是用亲吻脸颊的方式来问候作者的。
50．第四段中叔叔解释了当面打开礼物的原因：“…to open gifts in front of the giver to show you like them.”，这说明这样做是为了向送礼者展示喜爱之情。
51．文章最后一段总结了作者的感悟“These mistakes taught me that learning about different cultures is very important.”，这直接说明作者认识到了解不同文化的重要性。
52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．D
【导语】本文介绍了云南澜沧老达保村的拉祜族女性李娜倮，她传承民族文化，带领村民通过歌舞表演和织锦手艺改善生活，荣获“最美巾帼奋斗者”称号。
【详解】52．第一段提到“She was honoured as ‘The Most Beautiful Female Striver’ in 2025.”，因此她获得的荣誉是“最美巾帼奋斗者”。
53．第二段提到“Born in 1983...Li learned to play the guitar and sing at the age of 13.”，她出生于1983年，13岁时是1996年。
54．第二段提到“She also started writing songs at the age of 16.”，第三段提到“In 2005, Li joined the Ya’e Art Group”“In 2013, she started a singing company.”，第四段提到“She started workshops to teach women in her village to weave brocade”，所以事件顺序为：②16岁开始写歌→①加入雅厄艺术团→③创立歌唱公司→④设立织锦工坊，因此顺序为②-①-③-④。
55．第三段提到“she started a singing company”，李娜倮成立歌唱公司，体现了创造力。第四段提到“She started workshops to teach women in her village to weave brocade. Then she helped them take orders and sell brocade products...”，她带领村民增收、帮助困难女性改善生活，体现了热心肠。
56．文章讲述了李娜倮通过音乐和织锦，既传承拉祜族传统文化，又带领村民发展经济、改善生活的故事，对应选项D。
57．B 58．D 59．C 60．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了公共澡堂的历史起源、古代不同文明的澡堂特色、现代各国澡堂的演变形式。
【详解】57．文章第1段“However, in the past, most houses did not have baths in the home.”表明在过去，大多数房子里没有室内浴室，B选项表述正确。
58．文章第2段“The Romans also had public bath houses. Some even included game rooms, gardens, and libraries!”表明一些古罗马公共澡堂配有游戏室、花园、图书馆，不含游泳池。
59．文章第3段“In countries such as the US and the UK, places like these are called spas, not public bath houses.”表明在美国、英国，同类场所被称作spa，C选项正确。
60．文章第一段介绍古代澡堂的用途，第二段介绍起源和古希腊、古罗马的澡堂，第三段介绍如今多国澡堂的不同形态，通篇围绕公共澡堂的历史与全球变化展开。
61．D 62．A 63．C 64．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了感冒时的几种缓解方法，包括喝热饮、吃大蒜和使用盐水漱口。
【详解】61．第二段提到“A cup of ginger tea helps the blood to move more quickly.”，因此姜茶有助于血液流动加快。
62．第三段提到“when you feel the first symptoms of a cold”，结合上下文语境，刚感冒时吃大蒜，是为了应对，感冒初期的“症状”是打喷嚏、流鼻涕等，因此“symptoms”意为“症状”。
63．第四段提到“For a sore throat, mix about half a spoon of salt into warm water and use the mixture as a mouthwash. As the mixture... the germs will die.”，因此盐水可以杀死喉咙里的细菌。
64．通读全文可知，第一段总述感冒时有一些方法可以感觉更好；第二至四段分别介绍三种方法；第五段总结。因此结构为“总—分—总”，对应选项B。
65．B 66．C 67．C 68．C 69．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了贝多芬在听力不断受损、近乎全聋的困境下，凭借顽强的意志克服身体残疾，坚持创作，最终完成《第九交响曲》的励志故事。
【详解】65．第二段点明：hearing is the most important sense for creating music，由此可知听力是作曲家创作音乐最重要的条件，所以失聪对贝多芬是沉重灾难。
66．第二段原文：By his 40s, he was almost completely deaf，词组in his 40s表示在某人四十多岁时。
67．第三段写明：He bit a wooden stick attached to his piano and felt the vibrations to“hear” the sound，靠木棍传递的震动感知声音，vibrations含义为震动、晃动，和shaking同义。
68．第四段提到：when a singer gently turned him around, he saw the audience standing and clapping wildly，说明被人转过身之后，贝多芬看见了观众热烈鼓掌。
69．全文围绕贝多芬身残志坚、顽强创作展开，第三段But Beethoven was a man of strong will点明文章核心，B选项 “贝多芬：一名意志顽强的音乐家”可以概括全文主旨。
70．A 71．C 72．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了攀登珠穆朗玛峰之前需要做的四项准备工作：获得攀登许可证、进行充足体能训练、丰富登山经验、选择专业团队。文章旨在向潜在攀登者提供实用指导。
【详解】70．根据文章最后一段，原文明确指出：“When accidents happen, they can take action in time.” 这直接对应A选项“A professional guide can help climbers in danger.”。
71．文中“Readiness is all.”出现在第四段开头，用以说明先尝试攀登6500米以上高山的重要性。其核心含义是“做好充分准备是关键”。C选项“All lies in preparation.”（一切在于准备）意思最接近。
72．文章内容属于极限运动/登山挑战类，最适合发布在挑战或登山主题网站上。B选项www./climb/符合这一主题。
73．C 74．B 75．B 76．B 77．B
【导语】本文围绕明代旅行家徐霞客的著作《徐霞客游记》展开，介绍其内容、价值，以及该著作对中国地理发展、历史研究的影响，还提及“中国旅游日”设立与徐霞客的关联。
【详解】73．根据第二段中“Influenced by his father, who deeply loved nature, Xu developed a strong interest in exploration.”可知，是徐霞客热爱自然的父亲影响他产生了探索兴趣。
74．根据第三段中“As an excellent work of ancient Chinese geography, it focuses on field observations (实地观察) and explores the causes of natural geographic changes.”可知，《徐霞客游记》成为中国古代地理优秀著作的原因是聚焦实地观察并探究地理变化成因。
75．根据最后一段中“To honour his spirit of exploration, China celebrates ‘China Tourism Day’ on May 19th. On that day in 1613, Xu Xiake started recording his journey.”可知，“中国旅游日”定在5月19日是因为徐霞客在这天开始记录旅行（写日记）。
76． 根据第三段中“the book also includes detailed records of local trade, customs, towns and villages, and ethnic relations (民族关系).”可知，“customs”与“local trade（当地贸易）”“towns and villages（城镇乡村）”“ethnic relations（民族关系）”并列，结合上下文语境可推知其意为当地传统和生活方式。
77．文章先介绍《徐霞客游记》的内容，再阐述其在地理、历史等方面的影响，还提及对“中国旅游日”的意义。所以最佳标题是《徐霞客游记》及其影响。
78．A 79．B 80．B 81．B 82．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是文化冲击，并从个人空间、问候方式、餐桌礼仪等方面举例说明不同文化的差异，最后指出学习文化差异的意义。
【详解】78．第一段第一句指出定义：“Culture shock is something many people experience when they visit a new country.”，这说明文化冲击是指人们在体验新文化时产生的惊讶感。
79．第二段指出感受：“In Germany, people usually like to have more space around them. They don’t stand too close to someone unless they know them very well.”，这说明德国人喜欢有更多的个人空间。
80．第三段第二句和第三句指出打招呼的方式：“In Japan, people bow as soon as they meet someone. The bow shows respect.”，这说明日本人见面时鞠躬。
81．第四段第二句指出原因：“In China, it’s rude to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice because it reminds people of funeral rituals.”，这说明这是因为会让人想起葬礼仪式。
82．最后一段指出结论：“Although these differences can be surprising at first, they are also interesting to learn about…Learning about cultural differences helps us respect and appreciate other ways of life.”，说明文化差异很有趣，值得学习。
83．B 84．D 85．B 86．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述遇到负面情绪时，要做情绪的主人，用积极心态和简单行动（如深呼吸、运动、拥抱）来调节和化解。
【详解】83．第一段“It means someone has strong feelings. Usually, they are bad ones, such as anger, worry, or sadness.”指出“emo”一般指强烈的负面情绪，原文明确举例包括愤怒、担忧、悲伤，选项中只有“Sadness”符合。
84．第三段“In real life, you should always look on the bright side of things. For example, getting a low score on an exam is not always bad. You know where the problem is, and next time you can do better.”介绍的方法是：凡事要看到事情光明的一面，从糟糕的处境中找到积极的改进方向，和文中“考分低能发现问题，下次能做得更好”的例子思路一致的是选项D“考了差成绩后，学生更努力争取下次考好”。
85．最后一段的第一句“When those bad feelings come, you can also try some simple actions to drive them away.”点明坏情绪来临时，可以尝试很多简单动作赶走它，后文又列举了多种具体方法，因此本段核心是告诉我们如何处理坏情绪。
86．文章开篇引出“emo”一词，解释了其含义，接着阐述了不良情绪的影响，并重点介绍了如何做情绪的主人以及战胜不良情绪的具体方法。选项B既包含了文章的核心关键词“Emo”，又准确概括了文章关于“掌控情绪”的主旨，是最合适的标题。
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