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外研版九年级英语上册Unit5阅读理解专项练习
A
Every year, billions of kilograms of plastic waste flow into the world’s oceans, creating a deadly crisis for marine life. Most plastic products cannot break down naturally and will stay in the ocean for hundreds of years. As a result, plastic pollution has become one of the biggest threats to ocean animals.
Many sea animals suffer greatly from plastic waste in two main ways: ingestion and entanglement. Sea turtles often mistake floating plastic bags for jellyfish, their favorite food. After eating plastics, their stomachs get blocked, so they cannot take in real food and finally die of starvation. Seabirds also have the same problem. They feed small plastic pieces to their baby birds, and these indigestible plastics fill the chicks’ stomachs, causing slow and painful deaths. Besides large plastic waste, tiny microplastics are even more dangerous. These tiny particles are everywhere in seawater. Fish and other small sea creatures easily take them in, and the harmful chemicals in microplastics will stay in their bodies for a long time.
Entanglement is another serious danger. Whales, dolphins and seals may get trapped in plastic nets and rings. The plastic waste limits their movement, stops them from swimming freely or hunting for food, and even causes serious wounds and infections. Scientists have found that more than half of sea turtles and nearly half of seabirds have plastic materials in their bodies. Worse still, plastic pollution is destroying the balance of the ocean food chain step by step.
Luckily, more people have realized this serious problem. Many countries are taking action to reduce plastic use. It is believed that with joint efforts, we can protect ocean animals and save our beautiful seas.
1. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The wide use of plastic products in daily life
B. The harm of ocean plastic pollution to marine animals
C. Different ways to reduce plastic pollution D. The introduction of common marine animals
2. Why do sea turtles die after eating plastic bags
A. The plastic blocks their stomachs and causes starvation
B. The plastic makes them lose their sense of direction
C. They cannot find jellyfish to eat anymore D. Microplastics stop them from breathing
3. The underlined word “indigestible” in Paragraph 3 means ______.
A. easy to find B. hard to digest C. cheap to produce D. simple to clean
4. What can we infer from the passage
A. All marine animals have plastics in their bodies
B. Microplastics do little harm to sea creatures
C. Plastic pollution damages the ocean ecosystem
D. People have solved the plastic pollution problem
B
Mangroves（红树林) are special trees that grow in salty seawater along tropical and subtropical coasts. They look ordinary but are known as “the guardians of the sea”. They play an irreplaceable role in protecting coastal environments and marine ecosystems, bringing countless benefits to both nature and humans.
First of all, mangroves are natural shields for coasts. Their thick and tangled roots can firmly hold the soil on the shore. They can greatly reduce the power of strong winds and huge waves during storms or typhoons. According to scientific research, a mangrove forest of 100 meters wide can cut down nearly half of the wave energy. This effectively prevents coastal erosion and stops seawater from flooding nearby villages and farmland.
Besides, mangroves are important homes for marine life. The complex root systems create safe and quiet living spaces. Thousands of kinds of fish, crabs, shrimps and shellfish live and breed here. Every year, a single square kilometer of mangrove wetlands can provide living places for more than 200 kinds of marine creatures. Meanwhile, mangroves can clean seawater by absorbing harmful waste and extra nutrients, making the ocean environment cleaner.
What’s more, mangroves are excellent helpers in fighting global warming. They can take in large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air and store it in their roots and pared with ordinary forest trees, mangroves can store four times more carbon. However, mangrove forests are disappearing fast due to human activities like overfishing and coastal development. It is necessary for us to protect these valuable plants to keep the balance of coastal ecology.
1. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The living habits of mangroves
B. The important functions and value of mangroves
C. The best ways to protect mangroves
D. The differences between mangroves and common trees
2. What can mangroves do to protect the coast
A. Stop all kinds of natural disasters completely
B. Absorb all the seawater around the coast
C. Reduce wave energy and prevent coastal erosion
D. Provide enough soil for farmland
3. How many kinds of marine creatures can two square kilometers of mangrove wetlands support every year
A. Over 200 B. Over 400 C. About 100 D. About 800
4. What can we infer from the passage
A. Mangroves grow well in fresh water
B. Mangroves are better at carbon storage than common trees
C. Human activities have no influence on mangroves
D. Mangroves can only protect marine animals
C
Ants are tiny and common insects worldwide. Though they are easy to be ignored, they play an important and irreplaceable role in balancing nature. As tiny ecological helpers, they bring many great benefits to the natural environment.
Firstly, ants can improve soil conditions greatly. While digging tunnels and building underground nests, they loosen hard soil. This makes it easier for air and water to enter the soil, creating a better growing environment for plants. Besides, ants act as natural cleaners. They carry away dead insects and leftover food, break down these wastes and turn them into useful fertilizer. This effectively stops rotten matter from polluting the environment.
Secondly, ants help plants reproduce and spread. When they crawl among flowers, they transport pollen to help flowers bloom and bear fruits. They also carry plant seeds to different places, helping plants grow in more new areas. However, the number of ants is greatly influenced by environmental damage. Protecting ants is exactly protecting our natural ecosystem.
1. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The living places of tiny ants B. Ants’ important functions in nature
C. How ants help flowers bloom D. The difficulties ants are facing
2. What is the advantage of ants digging tunnels
A. It helps improve the soil environment for plants
B. It helps ants keep away from natural enemies
C. It makes it easy for ants to find food
D. It stops water from flowing into the earth
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Ants only feed on dead insects and plant seeds
B. Ants’ activities are harmful to soil growth
C. Ants can help plants reproduce and spread
D. Environmental changes never affect ants
4. What is the structure of the passage
A. Total—Part B. Part—Total C. Total—Part—Total D. Part—Part—Total
D
Wildfires have become a serious problem in the United States, especially in its western areas like California. In recent years, wildfires happen more often, burn larger areas and cause greater damage than before. Many factors lead to this worrying situation.
First, climate change plays a key role. It brings higher temperatures and long-lasting droughts. Less rainfall makes trees, grass and other plants dry out easily. These dry plants turn into perfect fuel for fires. Strong winds in the western states also help wildfires spread quickly across forests and hills. Besides natural reasons, human activities are another main cause. Some fires start from broken power lines, careless campfires or even people’s wrong behaviors.
Wildfires bring terrible results. They burn large areas of forests, kill wild animals and destroy many houses. Thick smoke from the fires pollutes the air widely and is harmful to people’s health. Local governments spend huge money on putting out fires and repairing losses. To deal with the problem, firefighters work day and night to control fires. People are also asked to stay away from dangerous fire areas and learn fire safety knowledge. Scientists suggest protecting the environment and cutting down pollution to stop climate change from getting worse.
1. What are the two main causes of American wildfires according to the passage
2. What bad influences do wildfires bring to people and nature
3. What can we do to prevent wildfires Please write at least two ideas.
答案与详解
A篇
1. 答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。文章全程围绕塑料垃圾对海洋生物的危害展开，分为误食、缠绕两大危害，最后提及治理行动。A错误：文章未讲解塑料产品的日常使用；C错误：减少塑料污染仅在文末一笔带过，不是文章主体；D错误：文章不是介绍海洋动物，而是塑料对它们的伤害。
2. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 their stomachs get blocked, so they cannot take in real food and finally die of starvation 可知，塑料袋堵塞肠胃，海龟无法进食最终饿死。B、D：文中无相关表述；C：海龟是误把塑料袋当水母，并非找不到水母。
3. 答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。前文讲到海鸟把塑料碎片喂给幼鸟，塑料会导致幼鸟死亡，结合语境可推断 indigestible 意为“难以消化的”。A（容易找到）、C（生产成本低）、D（易清理）均和上下文语义不符。
4. 答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 plastic pollution is destroying the balance of the ocean food chain 可知塑料污染破坏海洋生态系统。A错误：原文是超过一半海龟、近一半海鸟体内有塑料，并非所有海洋动物；B错误：原文明确微塑料更加危险；D错误：人们只是开始采取行动，问题并未被解决。
B篇
1. 答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了红树林的多重作用：海岸防护、海洋生物栖息地、净化海水、助力应对全球变暖，核心讲解其重要作用与价值。A错误：未讲述红树林生活习性；C错误：保护方法仅在最后一句提及，非主旨；D错误：和普通树木的对比只是细节，不是全文中心。
2. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 reduce the power of strong winds and huge waves... prevents coastal erosion 可知红树林能削弱海浪能量、防止海岸侵蚀。A错误：“彻底阻止所有自然灾害”表述绝对，原文无此意；B错误：红树林不能吸收海水；D错误：原文未提及为农田提供土壤。
3. 答案：B
解析：数字计算题。原文：1平方公里红树林可为200多种海洋生物提供栖息地，2平方公里则对应400多种。故选B。
4. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段 mangroves can store four times more carbon 可知红树林储碳能力远优于普通树木。A错误：文章开头点明红树林生长在咸海水里，而非淡水；C错误：人类活动导致红树林快速消失；D错误：红树林除保护海洋生物，还能护岸、储碳、净化海水，功能不止一种。
C篇
1. 答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。文章总起点明蚂蚁对自然平衡很重要，再分点介绍蚂蚁改善土壤、清理垃圾、帮助植物繁衍，核心是蚂蚁在自然界中的重要作用。A（栖息地）、C（帮助开花）均为局部细节；D（面临的困境）仅文末提及，不是主旨。
2. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 loosen hard soil... creating a better growing environment for plants 可知蚂蚁挖洞穴能改善土壤，利于植物生长。B、C、D：文中均无对应内容。
3. 答案：C
解析：细节判断题。根据第三段 ants help plants reproduce and spread 可知C选项表述正确。
A错误：文章未说明蚂蚁只以死昆虫和种子为食；B错误：蚂蚁活动能改善土壤，并非有害；D错误：环境破坏会极大影响蚂蚁数量。
4. 答案：A
解析：文章结构题。第一段总述：蚂蚁在自然界中作用重大；第二、三段分述：分别讲解两大作用（改善土壤、助力植物繁衍）。结构为总—分（Total—Part）。B（分—总）、C（总—分—总）、D（分—分—总）均不符合行文结构。
D篇
1. 参考答案：Climate change and human activities.
解析：细节简答。文章第二段明确给出两大原因：气候变化和人类活动。
2. 参考答案：Wildfires burn forests, kill animals and destroy houses. The smoke pollutes air and is bad for people’s health. Governments also spend lots of money on firefighting and repairs.
解析：细节简答。定位第三段，梳理火灾对自然、居民、政府三方面的危害，简洁作答即可。
3. 参考答案（开放题，任选两点即可）
① We should learn fire safety knowledge.
② Don’t make careless campfires in forests.
③ We need to protect the environment and reduce pollution.
解析：开放问答。从原文最后一段提取建议，也可结合生活常识作答，合理即可得分。

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