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/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末素养达标培优卷译林版（新教材）
试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
一、单项选择（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1．She has great ________ to give a speech in front of the class.
A．confidence B．popularity C．chemistry D．blood
2．—Tom, could you tell me why many nature parks have been built recently
—Sure. The government is working hard ______ wild animals and their homes.
A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．to protecting
3．My cousin ________ as a volunteer in the Suqian Charity Federation since he left college.
A．works B．worked C．has worked D．will work
4．Many people volunteer for the charity, ________ young people.
A．exactly B．almost C．probably D．especially
5．Vivian is from Canada. She ________ to more than 5 big cities in China so far.
A．has gone B．has been C．went D．goes
6．—I don’t know ________ about this problem.
—Well, you can ask Mr. Zhu for help.
A．to who talk B．to who talk to C．who to talk to D．who to talk
7．—How can we ________ waste in our daily life
—We can ________ paper and bottles instead of throwing them away.
A．reduce; recycle B．reuse; make C．cut; use D．stop; keep
8．He has worked in the city ________ 2023 while his wife has been here ________ only one month.
A．since; for B．since; since C．for; since D．for; for
9．Boys and girls, don’t forget to ________ the lights when they are not in use!
A．turn over B．turn off C．turn up D．turn on
10．She worked very hard this term. ______, she took part in many after-school activities to improve her skills.
A．For example B．However C．In addition D．After all
二、完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many poor children in mountain villages are troubled with cleft lip problems. Most families there are too poor to 11 expensive operations, so these kids have to face pain and trouble all their life. Thanks to Operation Smile, thousands of such kids get chances to receive free medical help every year.
The charity was 12 in 1982. Every year, groups of doctors and nurses travel to poor areas to offer free treatment. Local medical workers are also invited to take training courses. They learn how to 13 on patients under the guidance of experienced doctors. After training, they can carry on 14 sick children in their hometown later.
Before the medical team arrives, volunteers will go around villages and hand out leaflets. The papers are used to tell parents about free treatment and stop illnesses from 15 further. Some parents once thought the illness could not be cured, but now their ideas 16 greatly.
All medicine and medical tools 17 by the charity. Besides free operations, poor families are also provided 18 free food during their stay. In addition 19 medical help, the organization gives skill lessons to poor parents to help them make money.
Great progress 20 in this field over the past years. However, wars and bad living conditions still make new patients appear. More donations and volunteers 21 all the time to keep the charity’s projects running.
Some middle school students raise pocket money for the charity in their free time. Small money from different people 22 together and helps more kids. People always say they won’t give up their work 23 there are still kids waiting for treatment. It is their aim 24 a healthy future for every poor sick child. Year by year, more unlucky children 25 and get a normal life.
11．A．pay B．spend C．cost D．afford
12．A．found B．founded C．find D．finds
13．A．operate B．operate on C．work on D．work out
14．A．help B．helping C．to help D．helped
15．A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．spreads
16．A．change B．will change C．were changed D．are changed
17．A．provide B．were provided C．are provided D．is provided
18．A．for B．to C．with D．at
19．A．on B．for C．of D．to
20．A．makes B．was made C．has been made D．is made
21．A．need B．are needed C．were needed D．needed
22．A．collect B．are collected C．collected D．is collected
23．A．as long as B．though C．if D．unless
24．A．build B．to build C．building D．built
25．A．save B．will save C．were saved D．are saved
三、阅读理解（共两节, 20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分）
第一节: 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. “You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better, which makes everyone a better person.” Mason, a volunteer said.
National Volunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time to thank volunteers for their achievements. It is also a perfect opportunity to encourage others to take their first step toward becoming a volunteer. Making the decision to take the first step can be the biggest problem, because they often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations. Some people fear not knowing anyone else in the group. Not having enough time also prevents some from sharing their abilities.
The following tips can help you if you have some of these worries.
★ Start out slowly, don’t add too much pressure. Even a few hours a month can make a big difference in someone’s life.
★ Choose an organization with the same interests and common values.
★ Take part in a training meeting for new volunteers, even if it is not asked.
★ Work with a veteran volunteer. He volunteered a lot, and he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations.
★ Invite a friend or family member to serve. It is a good experience to volunteer with them.
★ Finally, it is most important to enjoy the volunteer experience and to remember that not all volunteer experiences are perfect. If one experience doesn’t work, don’t give up and you’ll surely find the right opportunity.
Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives. As Mason discovered during his volunteer experience, “… little things can change a person’s life.”
26．Volunteering can help ________.
A．make a decision B．see the world clearly
C．thank other people D．make people’s life better
27．Which of the following can help people take the first step
A．Start out quickly. B．Organize a training meeting.
C．Invite a friend to be with them. D．Join in a group with different values.
28．The underlined word “veteran” in the passage means “________”.
A．polite B．humorous
C．young D．experienced
29．Which of the following statements about National Volunteer Week is TRUE according to the passage
A．It is held every four years in April.
B．It was first started in the 1970s.
C．Its only purpose is to thank volunteers.
D．It mainly helps people meet the organization’s expectations.
30．What is the main idea of the passage
A．To tell people to make changes in their lives.
B．To encourage people to start their volunteering.
C．How to make great achievements in volunteering.
D．How to keep on volunteering whatever happened.
B
Culture shock is something many people experience when they visit a new country. It happens because the new culture is very different from their own. These differences can be surprising, confusing, or even embarrassing at first.
For example, personal space means different things in different cultures. In Germany, people usually like to have more space around them. They don’t stand too close to someone unless they know them very well. But in Peru, people are comfortable standing closer to others, even strangers. This can be surprising for someone from Germany.
Greetings are another area where cultures differ. In Japan, people bow as soon as they meet someone. The bow shows respect. In the US, people usually just say “hello” or shake hands. In France, it’s common to kiss on the cheek when greeting friends and family.
Manners also vary widely. In China, it’s rude to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice because it reminds people of funeral rituals. In Mexico, it’s polite to use someone’s first name only if they invite you to do so.
Although these differences can be surprising at first, they are also interesting to learn about. Once you understand them, you may become more curious and interested in the new culture. Learning about cultural differences helps us respect and appreciate other ways of life.
31．What is culture shock
A．A feeling of surprise when experiencing a new culture.
B．A type of illness.
C．A way of greeting.
D．A sudden change in weather patterns.
32．How do people in Germany feel about personal space
A．They like to stand very close to strangers.
B．They like more personal space.
C．They don’t care about personal space.
D．They prefer to greet with a handshake.
33．How do people in Japan greet each other
A．They shake hands. B．They bow.
C．They kiss on the cheek. D．They hug each other.
34．Why is it rude to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice in China
A．Because it’s bad manners.
B．Because it reminds people of funeral rituals.
C．Because it’s difficult to eat that way.
D．Because it looks strange.
35．What can we learn from the passage
A．All cultures are the same.
B．Cultural differences are interesting and worth learning about.
C．We should avoid visiting other countries.
D．Learning about cultural differences is a waste of time.
C
Every boy wants to find treasure. And Tom was no different. One summer day, Tom told Huck about his idea.
“Where can we look for treasure ” asked Huck.
“It’s hidden on islands, under dead trees, but mostly under the floors in haunted (闹鬼的) houses.”
“Who hid it ”
“Robbers (强盗). You can find a box with some dollars in it, or a chest full of diamonds.”
So, on Saturday afternoon the boys went to look for treasure at the haunted house on Cardiff Hill. It was a quiet and lonely place. And the boys were very frightened (害怕的). They entered quietly, and explored downstairs. There were cobwebs everywhere and everything was old and broken. Then they threw their tools in a corner and walked upstairs, but there was nothing there. They were just about to go downstairs and start digging when Tom stopped.
“What is it ” whispered Huck, going white with fright.
“Keep still! There’s someone downstairs.”
The boys lay down, looking through the holes in the wooden floor. There were two men downstairs. One was an old Spaniard (西班牙人) with a wide sombrero hat. The other was dirty and unpleasant-looking. The boys shook with fear.
Then the Spaniard spoke. It was Injun Joe. Tom and Huck felt even more frightened.
The men sat down on the floor and ate. They then lay down and fell asleep. When the two men woke up, the stranger said, “It’s time for us to move, partner. What will we do with the $650 from the robbery ”
“Let’s keep $30 each and leave the rest here.”
The dirty man went to the fireplace and moved a stone. Then he lifted out a bag full of money and took out some coins.
The two boys forgot all their fears. There was real treasure downstairs.
— Adapted from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
36．What is the hiding place like
A．Busy. B．Lonely. C．Noisy. D．Crowded.
37．What do the underlined words in Paragraph 7 show about Huck’s feeling
A．Excited about finding treasure. B．Bored with the treasure hunt.
C．Angry with Tom for stopping. D．Scared of the unknown sound.
38．How much money from the robbery did the robbers plan to leave in the hiding place
A．$590. B．$600. C．$620. D．$650.
39．What can we learn about Tom from the passage
A．He is interested in treasure hunting. B．He is lazy and doesn’t like working.
C．He doesn’t care about Huck’s feelings. D．He is afraid of everything and never takes risks.
40．What will Tom and Huck most probably (可能) do next
A．They will go downstairs and fight with the two men.
B．They will wait for the men to leave to get the treasure.
C．They will go home and tell their parents about the men.
D．They will run away quickly and forget about the treasure.
第二节: 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺连贯, 其中有两项是多余选项。
41 The answer for most people would be yes. But where does our rubbish go
It doesn’t just sit in the rubbish bin. Every day, workers come to take the rubbish from our rubbish bins. They put it into a big truck and carry it to landfills. At the landfill, people sort (分类) the rubbish. They recycle some, burn some and bury (埋) some of it underground.
42 It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills. Landfills can also be bad for the environment.
So many Chinese cities encourage everyone to sort out their rubbish before throwing it away. Put the food in one bag. Put the plastic bottles in another. And throw them in the right rubbish bins. In this way, we can help save a lot of time, money and energy for all of society.
43 So they have higher recycling rates (比率). In Sweden, only 4 percent of household waste ends up in landfills every year. In Japan, people recycle nearly 50 percent of all rubbish.
There is still a lot to do when it comes to rubbish sorting in China. People in the country make about 300 million tons of rubbish every year. 44 The rest of it ends up in landfills. Most of it is unsorted. The good news is that many cities are trying different ways to make things better. Beijing will start a new program to improve rubbish sorting next year. If people sort out their rubbish, they’ll get WeChat bonus points. 45
A．But they only recycle less than a quarter of the waste.
B．The more rubbish gets recycled, the better.
C．Most foreign countries do not have sorting systems.
D．Did you throw anything away today
E．They can exchange the bonus points for shopping cards!
F．Parents should educate kids to throw away less food.
G．Many foreign countries have good sorting systems.
四、词汇运用（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
根据所给首字母填写所缺单词, 使短文意思完整。(每空一词)
When I was six, a new family moved into the house next door. There was a girl, Frances, who was about my a 46 . We became best friends soon. I was too young to notice the s 47 situation in her life, but my mother did.
Mom found that Frances never invited a 48 into their house. Her mother went to work very early in the morning and came back looking very t 49 and pale. Her two brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home. Frances was a 50 hungry, and her clothes were often too small.
One day, Mom asked me, “Would you mind if I gave Frances some of your clothes ” I agreed. From then on, I saw h 51 Mom treated her with kindness, like a second daughter. And sometimes they would just sit together and talk while I was doing something else. This continued for years, u 52 we were both teenagers. But then her mother decided they were moving back to Ireland. We promised to w 53 to each other.
Years later, Mom received a letter from Frances. It said, “I have used your mother’s e 54 as my guide to care for people around me. Now, I work to help children in similar situations, and I run a successful charity supporting poor children. Your mother has t 55 me what proper care feels like. We never know how our kindness will make a difference to others, but it’s always worth trying.”
五、选词填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。
explorer running until located successful cross nature think into they
The Son Doong cave (韩松洞) in Vietnam is one of the largest caves in the world. It is famous as one of the 20 record-breaking 56 wonders.
The Son Doong cave is 57 in the heart of a national park in Vietnam. It remained undiscovered 58 a local farmer named Ho Khanh found the small opening to the cave in 1991. He told the story of the cave to other villagers, but no one 59 it was true.
Years later, a group of British 60 heard about Khanh’s story. They learnt from Khanh that there was a strong, cool wind and the sound of water coming out of the opening. These were signs showing that there was a large cave. They asked Khanh to help 61 find the cave. But Khanh forgot where the opening was. In 2009, Khanh and some people finally found the cave 62 again. They went inside and were very surprised. They found a large underground river 63 through the cave! They also found a forest. It is 200 metres below the ground. When the sun shines 64 the cave, it is really beautiful.
If you want to visit the cave, you need to 65 rivers, climb up walls and get very muddy (沾满泥的)! How difficult it is!
六、阅读表达（共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 满分10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容简要回答问题，每小题答案不超过10个单词。
Worldwide homeless children have long been a serious social problem. Some children run away from home after family accidents, while others are forced to wander outside because of extreme poverty. Without enough food and safe houses, they struggle to make a living on noisy city streets every day. A UK-based charity named Kids Home was founded in 1999 specially to give warm and practical support to these poor youngsters.
The charity has a special fundraising rule. It never accepts large money donations from big companies or wealthy businessmen. Instead, its daily running cost mainly comes from second-hand clothes, used books and small pocket money donated by ordinary middle school students across the country.
To solve homeless kids’ basic living troubles, Kids Home opens several warm temporary shelters in poor downtown areas. In these shelters, homeless children can get free healthy meals and tidy sleeping rooms every single day. Besides daily necessities, college volunteers come here on weekdays to provide free after-school classes for them, helping those poor kids make up for missing school lessons.
Apart from material help and free education, the charity also pays attention to children’s mental health. It offers free psychological comfort to lonely homeless kids and trains local young people to be community volunteers. These volunteers patrol city streets regularly to look for wandering kids. Up to now, over 3,000 homeless children have received all kinds of help. Its workers always hold the view that small kindness from ordinary people can light up poor children’s whole future.
66．When was the charity Kids Home set up
67．Where does Kids Home come from
68．What do kids get in the charity’s shelters
69．Who receive free lessons from volunteer teachers
70．Where do volunteers look for homeless children
七、书面表达（共1小题; 满分25分）
71．启东这座城市文明和睦，文明礼仪、公益善意、互帮互助彰显城市气质。值此暑假来临之际，请你写一篇演讲稿，以参加暑期“How to be a civilized middle school student ”为主题的演讲比赛。内容包含以下要点：
文明礼仪：公共场合守规矩，遵守交通规则……
公益认知：了解UNICEF等慈善机构，明白帮扶弱势群体的价值……
乐于助人：主动帮扶身边之人，积极参与社区志愿活动……
自身打算：阐述今后如何坚守礼仪、主动伸出援手……
注意事项：1. 演讲稿须包括所给提示内容，可作适当发挥，要求语句通顺，意思连贯；2. 词数90左右，演讲稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Dear classmates,
The summer holiday is coming soon! As middle school students, I think we can do something to make Qidong more civilized.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s try our best to become civilized students. Wish you all have a happy and meaningful summer holiday!
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期末培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．A
【解析】句意：她有十足的信心在全班面前做演讲。
confidence信心；popularity流行；chemistry化学；blood血液。结合“She has great…to give a speech in front of the class.”的语境，此处指有十足的信心在全班面前做演讲。应填confidence。
2．B
【解析】句意：——汤姆，你能告诉我为什么最近建了很多自然公园吗？——当然。政府正在努力保护野生动物和它们的家园。
protect保护；to protect保护（不定式）；protecting保护（现在分词）；to protecting错误结构。根据“The government is working hard”可知，此处表示努力的目的，应用动词不定式to protect作目的状语意为“努力做某事”。
3．C
【解析】句意：我的表哥自从大学毕业后就在宿迁慈善总会做志愿者。
根据标志词“since he left college”可知，句子要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，主语为单数，助动词用has。应填has worked。
4．D
【解析】句意：许多人为慈善机构做志愿者，尤其是年轻人。
exactly准确地；almost几乎；probably可能；especially特别是。根据句意，强调年轻人更突出，应填especially。
5．B
【解析】句意：薇薇安来自加拿大。到目前为止，她去过中国超过5个大城市。
根据时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除went和goes；has been to强调曾经去过的经历，has gone to强调去了某地未回。此处指到目前为止去过的城市数量，强调经历，应用has been to。
6．C
【解析】句意：——我不知道关于这个问题该和谁交谈。——嗯，你可以向朱先生寻求帮助。
“know”后接“疑问词 + 不定式to do”作宾语，排除A、B两项；talk为不及物动词，表示“和某人交谈”需用talk to sb.，介词to不可省略，排除D项，C项符合。
7．A
【解析】句意：——我们在日常生活中如何减少浪费？——我们可以回收利用纸张和瓶子，而不是把它们扔掉。
reduce减少；recycle回收利用；reuse重复使用；make制作；cut削减；use使用；stop停止；keep保存。第一空，根据后句“instead of throwing them away”（而不是扔掉）可知，此处表示对纸张和瓶子进行“回收利用”，应填recycle；第二空，此处问如何“减少”日常生活中的浪费，应填reduce。
8．A
【解析】句意：自从 2023 年起他就在这座城市工作，而他的妻子只在这里待了一个月。
since后接时间点（过去时间起点）；for后接一段时间。2023是过去时间点，前面用since；only one month是时间段，前面用for，故选A。
9．B
【解析】句意：孩子们，当灯不用的时候，不要忘记关掉它们！
turn over翻转；turn off关掉；turn up调大；turn on打开。根据“when they are not in use”可知，灯在不使用时应该被关掉，符合语境。
10．C
【解析】句意：这学期她学习非常努力。此外，她参加许多课外活动来提高她的技能。
for example例如；however然而；in addition此外、另外；after all毕竟。前后两句为递进补充关系，前半句讲刻苦学习，后半句补充课外提升，因此选用表递进的In addition。
11．D 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．C 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文介绍“微笑行动”慈善组织帮助贫困唇裂儿童免费手术，培训当地医生，呼吁社会捐赠，旨在为病童构建健康未来。
【解析】11．句意：那里的大多数家庭太穷，负担不起昂贵的手术费用。
afford“负担得起”后接“费用/物品”，符合“贫困家庭无法承担手术”的语境。pay“支付”（需搭配for）、spend“花费”（主语是人，后接时间/金钱）、cost“花费”（主语是物）均不符合“can’t afford”的固定搭配。
12．句意：该慈善机构成立于1982年。
charity与“成立”是被动关系，founded“过去分词，（成立）”符合被动结构“be founded”的固定表达。found（原形，“成立”）、find（原形，“找到”）、finds（第三人称单数）均不符合“成立机构”的语境。
13．句意：他们学习如何在经验丰富的医生指导下为患者做手术。
operate on“为……做手术”是固定搭配，符合“医疗操作”的语境。operate（不及物，需加on）、work on“从事”、work out“解决”均不符合“手术”的含义。
14．句意：培训后，他们可以在家乡继续帮助生病的孩子。
carry on doing“继续做某事”是固定搭配，helping“帮助”符合语法要求。help（原形）、to help（不定式）、helped（过去式）均不符合“carry on doing”的结构。
15．句意：这些传单用于告诉父母免费治疗的信息，并阻止疾病进一步传播。
stop...from doing“阻止……做某事”是固定搭配，spreading“传播”符合“阻止疾病扩散”的语境。spread（原形）、to spread（不定式）、spreads（第三人称单数）均不符合搭配。
16．句意：一些父母曾认为这种病无法治愈，但现在他们的想法发生了很大变化。
此处强调“观念自身的转变”，now提示用一般现在时，“ideas”是复数，change符合语法和语境。will change（将来）、were changed（过去被动）、are changed（现在被动）均不符合“现在的变化”。
17．句意：所有药品和医疗工具由慈善机构提供。
medicine and tools是复数主语，与“提供”是被动关系，are provided“被提供”符合语法。provide（主动）、were provided（过去被动）、is provided（单数被动）均不符合。
18．句意：除了免费手术，贫困家庭在逗留期间还能获得免费食物。
be provided with“被提供某物”是固定搭配，with符合语法要求。for、to、at均不符合该搭配。
19．句意：除了医疗帮助，该组织还为贫困父母提供技能课程以帮助他们赚钱。
in addition to“除了……之外”是固定短语，to符合搭配。on、for、of均不符合。
20．句意：过去几年，该领域取得了巨大进展。
over the past years提示用现在完成时，progress与“取得”是被动关系，has been made“已被取得”符合语法。makes（主动现在）、was made（过去被动）、is made（一般现在被动）均不符合“过去到现在的进展”。
21．句意：一直需要更多的捐赠和志愿者来维持慈善项目的运行。
donations and volunteers是复数主语，与“需要”是被动关系，all the time提示用一般现在时，are needed“被需要”符合语境。need（主动）、were needed（过去被动）、needed（过去式）均不符合。
22．句意：来自不同人的小钱被汇集起来，帮助更多孩子。
money是不可数名词，与“收集”是被动关系，is collected“被收集”符合语法。collect（主动）、are collected（复数被动）、collected（过去式）均不符合。
23．句意：人们总是说，只要还有孩子在等待治疗，他们就不会放弃工作。
as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句，符合“持续工作的条件”。though“虽然”、if“如果”（表假设）、unless“除非”均不符合“条件”逻辑。
24．句意：为每个贫困患病儿童创造健康的未来是他们的目标。
it is one’s aim to do“做某事是某人的目标”是固定句型，to build“创造”符合语法要求。build（原形）、building（动名词）、built（过去式）均不符合。
25．句意：年复一年，更多不幸的孩子被拯救，过上正常生活。
children与“拯救”是被动关系，year by year提示用一般现在时，are saved“被拯救”符合语境。save（主动）、will save（将来）、were saved（过去被动）均不符合“逐年的状态”。
26．D 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了“全国志愿者周”的意义，分析了人们不愿成为志愿者的顾虑（如担心无法满足期望、不认识其他人、时间不足等），并提供了克服这些顾虑、开始志愿服务的建议。
【解析】26．第一段引用志愿者Mason的话：“You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better...”，说明志愿服务可以帮助改善人们的生活（make people’s life better）。
27．根据文中提供的建议，“Invite a friend or family member to serve. It is a good experience to volunteer with them.”，邀请朋友或家人一起参与可以消除孤独感，帮助人们迈出第一步。
28．“veteran”所在的句子提到：“Work with a veteran volunteer. He volunteered a lot, and he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations.”，既然他做了很多志愿工作并能指导新人，说明他是“有经验的”（experienced）。
29．第二段明确指出：“National Volunteer Week started in 1974...”，1974年属于20世纪70年代，因此B项正确。
30．文章首先引出志愿服务的好处，然后指出很多人想参与但有顾虑，接着重点列举了如何克服这些顾虑并开始志愿服务的建议，最后再次强调志愿服务的意义。因此，文章的主旨是鼓励人们开始志愿服务之旅。
31．A 32．B 33．B 34．B 35．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了什么是文化冲击，并从个人空间、问候方式、餐桌礼仪等方面举例说明不同文化的差异，最后指出学习文化差异的意义。
【解析】31．第一段第一句指出定义：“Culture shock is something many people experience when they visit a new country.”，这说明文化冲击是指人们在体验新文化时产生的惊讶感。
32．第二段指出感受：“In Germany, people usually like to have more space around them. They don’t stand too close to someone unless they know them very well.”，这说明德国人喜欢有更多的个人空间。
33．第三段第二句和第三句指出打招呼的方式：“In Japan, people bow as soon as they meet someone. The bow shows respect.”，这说明日本人见面时鞠躬。
34．第四段第二句指出原因：“In China, it’s rude to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice because it reminds people of funeral rituals.”，这说明这是因为会让人想起葬礼仪式。
35．最后一段指出结论：“Although these differences can be surprising at first, they are also interesting to learn about…Learning about cultural differences helps us respect and appreciate other ways of life.”，说明文化差异很有趣，值得学习。
36．B 37．D 38．A 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文讲述了汤姆和哈克怀揣寻宝想法来到荒山鬼屋探险，意外撞见强盗印第安 乔等人藏匿抢劫得来的钱财，二人强忍恐惧暗中观察，发现屋内真的藏有宝藏。
【解析】36．第六段“It was a quiet and lonely place.”可知，藏宝的地点是安静且孤寂的。
37．第七段“‘What is it ’ whispered Huck, going white with fright.”描述Tom突然停下并低声说话，Huck“吓得脸色发白”，说明他因为未知的声音而感到恐惧。
38．第十一段“When the two men woke up, the stranger said, ‘It’s time for us to move, partner. What will we do with the $650 from the robbery ’”及第十二段“‘Let’s keep $30 each and leave the rest here.’”说明抢劫所得共$650，两人各留$30，即共拿走$60，剩下$650-$60=$590。
39．第一段“Every boy wants to find treasure. And Tom was no different. One summer day, Tom told Huck about his idea.”提到Tom与其他男孩一样想寻宝，并主动邀请Huck一起去鬼屋寻宝，可推断他对寻宝有兴趣。
40．通读全文和根据“forgot all their fears”可知，两人发现楼下真的有宝藏后忘记了恐惧，说明他们想要宝藏，且他们藏在楼上偷听，没有立即行动或逃跑，最合理的后续是等强盗离开后再设法拿走宝藏。
41．D 42．B 43．G 44．A 45．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垃圾分类与回收的相关知识，包括垃圾的去向、中国推行垃圾分类的措施，以及部分国家在垃圾回收方面的做法和成效。
【解析】41．第一段空白处后为“The answer for most people would be yes. But where does our rubbish go ”，选项D“Did you throw anything away today ”是一个一般疑问句，与后文“The answer...would be yes”构成问答逻辑，且自然引出“垃圾去向”这一主题，适合作为第一段的开头。
42．第二段空白处前为“They recycle some, burn some and bury some of it underground.”，空白处后为“It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills.”，选项B“The more rubbish gets recycled, the better.”承接前文回收、焚烧、填埋的做法，同时“less rubbish ends up in landfills”正是对“the more rubbish gets recycled”的解释说明，逻辑通顺。
43．第五段空白处后为“So they have higher recycling rates.”，并举例瑞典和日本的数据，选项G“Many foreign countries have good sorting systems.”是该段的总起句，“they”指代前文的“many foreign countries”，“higher recycling rates”是“good sorting systems”的结果，因果关系成立。
44．第六段提到“People in the country make about 300 million tons of rubbish every year.”，后为“The rest of it ends up in landfills.”，选项A“But they only recycle less than a quarter of the waste.”中的“less than a quarter”与后文“The rest of it”形成呼应（回收不到四分之一，剩下的填埋），且“But”与前文的庞大垃圾量形成转折，突出回收率低的问题。
45．第六段提到“they’ll get WeChat bonus points.”，选项E“They can exchange the bonus points for shopping cards!”是对“bonus points”的具体说明，自然承接前文北京新政策中积分奖励的内容，逻辑连贯。
46．age/ge 47．sad/ad/special/pecial 48．anyone/nyone/anybody/nybody 49．tired/ired 50．always/lways 51．how/ow 52．until/ntil 53．write/rite 54．example/xample 55．taught/aught
【导语】本文讲述了作者童年时与邻居女孩Frances成为好友，母亲发现Frances家境困难后，多年如一日地给予她关爱与帮助，多年后Frances来信表示，正是作者母亲的善良榜样影响了她，使她也投身于帮助贫困儿童的慈善事业，传递了善意的力量。
【解析】46．句意：有一个叫Frances的女孩，和我年龄相仿。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“about”的宾语，表达“年龄相同”，结合首字母“a”及固定搭配“about one’s age”，应填age。
47．句意：我太小了，没有注意到她生活中的悲惨/特殊处境，但我妈妈注意到了。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语，修饰名词“situation”；后文描述了Frances家庭的贫困状况（母亲早出晚归、兄弟穿脏衣服、经常挨饿），说明处境令人难过/特殊处境。结合首字母“s”，应填sad/special。
48．句意：妈妈发现Frances从不邀请任何人到她们家。该处需一个不定代词，在句中作动词“invited”的宾语；由“never”可知此处为否定句，否定句中“任何人”应用anyone/anybody。结合首字母“a”，应填anyone/anybody。
49．句意：她的母亲一大早就去上班，回来时看起来非常疲惫且面色苍白。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语，与“pale”并列，描述母亲下班后的状态；早出晚归的工作使人疲倦，结合首字母“t”，应填tired。
50．句意：Frances总是很饿，她的衣服也常常太小了。该处需一个副词，在句中修饰形容词“hungry”，表示饥饿的频率；结合首字母“a”及上下文描述的持续贫困状态，应填always。
51．句意：从那以后，我看到了妈妈是如何用善意对待她的，就像对待第二个女儿一样。该处需一个连接副词，引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎样”，结合首字母“h”，应填how。
52．句意：这种情况持续了好几年，直到我们都成了青少年。该处需一个连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……为止”；结合首字母“u”，应填until。
53．句意：我们承诺彼此写信。该处需一个动词，构成“promise to do”结构；“Mom received a letter from Frances”表明朋友分别后通常以书信保持联系，结合首字母“w”，应填write。
54．句意：我以你母亲为榜样来关爱身边的人。该处需一个名词，在句中作动词“used”的宾语。Frances将作者母亲的善举视为学习的典范，结合首字母“e”，应填example。
55．句意：你的母亲教会了我什么是真正的关爱。该处需一个动词的过去分词，与“has”构成现在完成时，在句中作谓语，“me what proper care feels like”结合首字母“t”可知，此处表达“教授、教会”之意，固定搭配“teach sb sth”，应填taught。
56．natural 57．located 58．until 59．thought 60．explorers 61．them 62．successfully 63．running 64．into 65．cross
【导语】本文介绍了越南韩松洞的地理概况、发现历程与洞内景观，讲述了从农民发现洞口、英国探险家探寻，到最终发现地下河与地下森林的过程，展现了这一自然奇观的独特魅力。
【解析】56．句意：它作为20项破纪录的自然奇观之一而闻名。空格处修饰名词“wonder”，需用形容词，韩松洞是天然形成的洞穴，属于自然景观，应选用nature的形容词形式natural“自然的”，natural wonders是固定表达，意为“自然奇观”。
57．句意：韩松洞坐落于越南一处国家公园的腹地。固定搭配be located in意为“坐落于、位于”，所给词located即为过去分词作形容词，符合语境。
58．句意：这座洞穴一直无人发现，直到1991年，一位名叫胡庆的当地农夫找到了洞穴狭小的入口。空格处连接两个句子，体现“洞穴未被发现”与“农民发现洞口”的时间先后逻辑，需用连词until，构成“remained undiscovered until…”的固定结构，意为“直到……才发现”，符合语境。
59．句意：他把洞穴的故事告诉其他村民，但没人认为这是真的。句子缺少谓语动词，且描述1991年的过去事件，需用动词过去式。think“认为”符合“村民不相信故事真实性”的语境，其过去式为thought。
60．句意：数年之后，一群英国探险家听闻了胡庆的故事。空格处位于“a group of British”后，指代人，需用可数名词复数。结合上下文语境，前文提到洞穴长期未被发现，后文描述这群人去探寻洞穴、发现地下河与森林的过程，说明他们是专门从事探险工作的人，因此explorer“探险家”符合语境，其复数形式为explorers。
61．句意：他们请求胡庆帮忙带他们找到洞穴。空格处位于动词“help”后作宾语，指代前文的“a group of British explorers”，需用人称代词宾格them，符合help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”的固定搭配。
62．句意：2009年，胡庆和几个人终于再次成功找到洞穴。空格处修饰动词“found”，需用副词形式，后文提到他们进入洞穴并大为震撼，此处应表示“他们成功找到洞穴”，因此successful“成功的”符合语境，其副词形式为successfully。
63．句意：他们发现一条巨大的地下河贯穿整个洞穴。空格处符合“find sb./sth. doing sth.”结构，表示“发现某人/物正在做某事”，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。run through“流经、贯穿”符合“河流穿过洞穴”的语境，run的现在分词为running。
64．句意：当阳光照进洞穴时，景色绝美。常用结构shine into+地点，意为“光线照进……里面”，符合阳光照进洞穴的语境。
65．句意：如果你想探访这个洞穴，你需要横渡河流、攀爬岩壁，浑身沾满泥浆。固定结构need to do sth.后接动词原形，cross rivers意为“跨越河流”，与后文“climb up walls”并列，符合语境逻辑。
66．In 1999. 67．It comes from the UK. 68．Free healthy meals and tidy sleeping rooms. 69．Homeless children. 70．On city streets.
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个名为Kids Home 的英国慈善机构，它通过接受普通人的小额捐赠，为流浪儿童提供食宿、教育及心理健康等全方位的帮助。
【解析】66．第一段提到“A UK-based charity named Kids Home was founded in 1999”，说明该慈善机构成立于1999年。答案是原文直接信息。
67．第一段提到“A UK-based charity named Kids Home”，说明Kids Home是英国的慈善机构，来自英国。答案是原文直接信息。
68．第三段提到“In these shelters, homeless children can get free healthy meals and tidy sleeping rooms every single day”，说明孩子在收容所能获得免费餐食和整洁住宿。答案是原文直接信息。
69．第三段提到“college volunteers come here on weekdays to provide free after-school classes for them, helping those poor kids make up for missing school lessons”，说明免费课程的授课对象是无家可归的孩子。答案是原文直接信息。
70．第四段提到“These volunteers patrol city streets regularly to look for wandering kids”，说明志愿者在城市街道寻找流浪孩子。答案是原文直接信息。
71．
Dear classmates,
The summer holiday is coming soon! As middle school students, I think we can do something to make Qidong more civilized. Let’s work together to show our love for Qidong. Every small step counts!
To begin with, we should follow rules in public places and obey traffic lights strictly. Moreover, knowing charities like UNICEF helps us understand the value of helping the weak. In addition, we ought to help people around us and actively take part in community volunteer work. Finally, I plan to keep polite and offer hands to others in need whenever possible.
Small actions make a big difference to our city. Remember, a better Qidong starts from each of us. Let’s try our best to become civilized students. Wish you all have a happy and meaningful summer holiday!
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：演讲稿，一般现在时
明确要点：遵守文明礼仪，例如公共场合守规矩、遵守交通规则；拓展公益认知，例如了解UNICEF等慈善机构，帮扶弱势群体；日常生活中乐于助人，例如主动帮助身边人，参与社区志愿活动；学生自身有什么打算，例如今后如何坚守礼仪、主动伸出援手
确定人称：第一人称I/we为主，第二人称you呼吁听众
注意事项：不能提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：简短概述暑假来临，呼吁同学们共同行动，让城市更文明
主体段：按要点顺序分别叙述，先讲文明礼仪，再讲公益认知，接着讲乐于助人，最后讲自身打算，且分别举例子
结尾段：总结小行动带来大改变，祝福大家暑假快乐有意义
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：引出主题
work together/show our love/small step counts/good polite manners/friendly warm city等
要点二：按序分述
文明礼仪：To begin with/follow rules/public places/obey traffic lights/keep quiet in libraries/queue for tickets/respect elders in public/no littering等
公益认知：Moreover/knowing charities/the value of helping the weak/support the disabled/care for the homeless/donate books to children in need等
乐于助人：In addition/ought to/help people/take part in/community volunteer work/offer a seat to the old/guide lost children/serve as a volunteer等
自身打算：Finally/plan to/keep polite/offer hands/whenever possible/be always well-behaved/start with small deeds等
要点三：总结呼吁
Small actions/big difference/starts from/take action together/step by step/from now on等
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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